LINGUAGENS

LÍNGUA INGLESA
PROF. INALDO TORRES
 WHAT ARE THE
RECOMMEDATIONS DURING
THE PANDEMIC?
 YOU SHOULD WASH YOUR
HANDS WHEN IT’S POSSIBLE
YOU SHOULD USE ALCOHOL-
BASED HAND SANITIZER
YOU OUGHT TO COVER YOUR
MOUTH OR NOSE WITH YOUR
ELBOW
YOU MUST CONTACT A DOCTOR
IF YOU DEVELOP SYMTOMS
YOU HAVE TO WEAR A MASK TO
PROTECT YOURSELF.
 MODAL VERBS
MODAL VERBS são verbos auxiliares que, junto dos
verbos principais, expressam ideias como:

• Capacidade • Proibição
• Habilidade • Dedução
• Permissão • Desaprovação
• Possibilidade • Obrigação
• Conselho
CAN
Usamos no presente para indicar CAPACIDADE, HABILIDADE,
POSSIBILIDADE, PERMISSÃO (informal) ou PEDIDO.

• She CAN speak five languages. (Ela sabe falar cinco línguas)
• I can read fast. (Eu consigo ler rápido)
• It CAN rain in Patos this weekend. (Pode chover em Patos no fim de semana)
• CAN I come in, Lucy? (Posso entrar, Lucy?)
• Can you do me a favor? (Você pode me fazer um favor?)

Na negativa, usamos CAN’T, mas apenas quando for para indicar INCAPACIDADE
ou FALTA DE HABILIDADE.

• She CAN’T speak five languages.

• I CAN’T read fast.
CAN
Usamos o CAN para expressar CAPACIDADE ou HABILIDADE em Inglês.

• She CAN speak five languages. (Ela sabe falar cinco línguas)
• I can read fast. (Eu consigo ler rápido)

Na negativa, usamos CAN’T, mas apenas quando for para indicar INCAPACIDADE
ou FALTA DE HABILIDADE.

• She CAN’T play the piano.

• We can’t speak Italian.

Lembre-se: o verbo CAN é sempre seguido de um verbo no infinitivo sem o ‘to’.

CAN
A forma interrogativa do ‘can’ é usada para fazer perguntas sobre
habilidades ou capacidades. A estrutura:

CAN + sujeito + verbo principal no infinitivo sem o ‘to’.

Veja os exemplos:

Can you speak Chinese? (Você sabe falar Chinês?)

Can he fly? (Ele sabe voar?)
COULD
É a forma passada do modal CAN e indica CAPACIDADE, HABILIDADE,
OPORTUNIDADE, PEDIDO ou PERMISSÃO.

• She could play the piano. (Ela sabia tocar piano)

• I could run fast when I was a child. (Eu conseguia correr rápido...)
• Could you bring me those papers? (Poderia me trazer aqueles papeis?)

Na negativa, usamos COULDN’T.

• We couldn’t drive carefully.
MAY
Usamos para indicar PERMISSÃO (formal) e POSSIBILIDADE. (no
presente e no futuro)

• May I help you? (Posso te ajudar?)

• Students may wear jeans today. (Estudantes podem usar jeans hoje).
• We may have flying cars. (Podemos ter carros voadores)

Para a negativa, usamos MAY NOT – quando negamos uma permissão.

• May I help you? No, you may not.
• Students may not wear jeans today.
MIGHT
Usamos para indicar POSSIBILIDADE (menor ou incerta) ou como forma
passada do MAY.

• It might rain tomorrow. (Pode ser que chova amanhã)

• Tom might win this game. (Tom talvez ganhe este jogo)
• He said I might leave early from work yesterday. (Ele disse que eu poderia
sair mais cedo do trabalho ontem).

Para a negativa, usamos MIGHT NOT.

• She might not be on the bus. (Ela talvez não esteja no ônibus)
WILL BE ABLE TO
É a forma futura equivalente do modal CAN e indica CAPACIDADE ou
HABILIDADE.

• She will be able to buy her own house. (Elá será capaz de comprar sua
própria casa)
• I will be able to drive a car. (Eu serei capaz de dirigir um carro)

Na negativa, usamos WON’T BE ABLE TO.

• She won’t be able to buy her own house.

• I won’t be able to drive a car.
Let’s practice! Complete with CAN, CAN’T, COULD, COULDN’T or
WILL/WON’T BE ABLE TO.

• Jeff is great in the kitchen. He _______

CAN cook very well.
• He was terrible in the kitchen when he was a child. He ________COULDN’T cook a
simple thing.
• Rob was a strong runner. He _______ COULDrun a Marathon in 3 hours. He was
amazing.
• Rob _______
CAN’T run a Marathon now. He’s old and tired.
• Sandra WON’T
_____________
BE ABLE TO fix her car alone tonight. She doesn’t know
anything. She _______________ fix her car when she finishes her mechanic
WILL BE ABLE TO
course.
WILL BE ALLOWED TO
Usamos para indicar PERMISSÃO futura.

• We will be allowed to go out tomorrow. (Nós teremos permissão para sair

amanhã)
• I will be allowed to have a party. (Eu terei permissão para fazer uma festa)

Para a negativa, usamos WON’T BE ALLOWED – quando negamos uma

permissão ou pedido.

• We won’t be allowed to travel.

Let’s practice! Complete with MAY, MAY NOT, MIGHT, MIGHT NOT,
WILL/WON’T BE ALLOWED TO.

• Mina ________________
MAY NOT / MIGHT help me with my homework. She’s busy.
NOT
• I ________________
MAY / MIGHT study Japanese next year.
• Daniel ____________________
MAY NOT / MIGHT go to school. He’s sick!
NOT
• We _______________________
WON’T BE ALLOWED TO read during the test.
• You _____________________
WILL BE ALLOWED TOto use a dictionary when I suggest to.
MUST
Usamos para indicar OBRIGAÇÃO, DEDUÇÃO LÓGICA, PROIBIÇÃO
(nos casos negativos) e NECESSIDADE.

• I must study for my test. (Eu devo estudar para o meu teste)
• Clarice is pale. She must be sick. (Clarice está pálida. Ela deve estar
doente)
• You must be quiet in the hospital. (Você deve ficar quieto no hospital)

Para a negativa, usamos MUSTN’T.

• I mustn’t study for my test.

• You must not smoke inside the hospital.
HAVE TO
Usamos para indicar OBRIGAÇÃO ou falta dela. Podemos usar no presente,
passado ou futuro.

• You have to clean up that mess! (Você tem que limpar essa bagunça)
• You had to work a lot during the weekend. (Você teve que trabalhar muito
durante o final de semana)
• You will have to bring something to eat. (Você terá que trazer algo pra
comer)

Para a negativa, seguimos os tempos verbais.

You DON’T have to clean up that mess!

You DIDN’T have to work a lot during the weekend.
You WON’T have to bring something to eat.
Let’s practice! Complete with MUST, MUSTN’T, HAVE TO (in the correct
form).

• Yesterday I __________
HAD TO finish my geography Project.
• She ____________
MUST / HAVE TOwait in line like everyone.
• All of us ____________
HAVE TO be on time for work.
• If you’re not under 18, you __________
MUST go home alone.
• If you’re under 18, you ___________
MUSTN’T go home alone.
• Hey Alex, ______________
WILL HAVE TO to join the military service when you turn 18.
SHOULD / OUGHT TO
Usamos para indicar conselho.

• You should obey your parents. (Você deve obedecer seus pais)
• She ought to exercise more. (Você deve se exercitar mais)
• You shouldn’t go out alone. (Você não deve sair sozinha)
• You ought not to copy this information. (Você não deve copiar essa
informação)

NEGATIVA: should not / ought not to

SHOULD HAVE / OUGHT TO HAVE + past participle
Usamos para indicar obrigação passada ou desaprovação de ação passada

• You should have told me the truth. (Você deveria ter me dito a verdade)
• You ought not to have closed the window. (Você não deveria ter fechado a
janela)
• You should not have come early. (Você não deveria ter vindo cedo).
• You ought to have prepared for the test (Você deveria ter se preparado
para a prova)

NEGATIVA: should not have / ought not to have

COULD HAVE + past participle
Usamos para indicar que algo poderia ter acontecido no passado, mas não
aconteceu.

• He could have done a better job. (Ele poderia ter feito um trabalho
melhor).
• It could have been really cold. (Podeira ter sido muito frio)

NEGATIVA: COULDN’T HAVE.

Let’s practice! Complete with SHOULD/OUGHT TO, SHOULDN’T/OUGHT
NOT TO, SHOULD HAVE/OUGHT TO HAVE.

• You _____________________ thanked me yesterday.

SHOULD HAVE / OUGHT TO HAVE
• You can’t go out. You __________________
SHOULD / OUGHT TOfinish your homework.
• You __________________
SHOULDN’T / OUGHT NOTbe
TO worried. Everything is fine.
01) Complete with the correct MODAL VERB from the box.
CAN – COULDN’T – HAVE TO – MIGHT – MUST – OUGHT TO – SHOULDN’T – COULD

a) It’s very cold today. Do you think it ________________

MIGHTsnow later?

b) You ________________
SHOULDN’T leave your door unlocked when you go out.
c) They ________________
OUGHT TO have filled the car with petrol before they set off.
d) My motorbike broke down in the middle of nowhere, but luckily, I
________________ fix it.
e) MumCOULD says we ________________ watch TV after we’ve finished our
homework. CAN
f) You don’t ________________ pick me up at the station. I can get a taxi.
g) This is impossible, it ________________
HAVE TO be a mistake!
h) Jim ________________ run because of his broken leg.
MUST
COULDN’T
02) Choose the correct answer.

a) She looks pretty sick. I think she SHOULD / CAN go to a doctor.

b) You have been driving all day. You SHOULD / MUST be exhausted!
c) You CAN’T / SHOULDN’T smoke so much. It’s bad for your health.
d) Hey, I’m lost. CAN / MAY you help me?
e) You have such a beautiful voice. You HAVE TO / OUGHT TO sing for us!
f) I know he speaks five languages, but MIGHT / CAN he speak Arabic?
g) That looks very expensive. It MAY / MUST have cost a fortune!
h) I CAN’T / MIGHT NOT believe that you failed your test!
i) I’m on my way. I WILL BE ABLE TO / WILL HAVE TO see the marriage.
1) Escolha as opções corretas para completar as frases.

a) I CAN’T / COULDN’T understand what she said.

b) It MIGHT / SHOULDN’T rain at any moment now.
c) MUST / MAY I use your phone, please?
d) In the future, you MAY / MUST get married and have children.
e) You MUSTN’T / DON’T HAVE TO take pictures inside the museum.
f) The students HAS TO / HAVE TO study hard before tests.
g) If you are sick, you SHOULD / MAY see your doctor.
h) They MUSTN’T / SHOULDN’T have called the police.
2) (ITA) Leia o anúncio abaixo e assinale a opção que substitui corretamente
a afirmação “so should your airline”.

a) Your airline should offer its clientes a wider range of business.

b) Business should cross borders and also should your airline.
c) Your airline should invest more in business worldwide.
d) Business crosses borders and your airline should, too.
e) Your airline should keep on doing business abroad so as to improve its results.
3) Escreva as frases em Inglês usando modal verbs.

a) Eu não consigo ouvir nada! I CAN’T HEAR ANYTHING!

b) Posso usar sua caneta? CAN I USE YOUR PEN?
c) Você deve pensar que eu estou louco, mas eu não estou!
YOU MUST THINK I’M CRAZY, BUT I’M NOT!
d) Você podia tê-lo deixado ficar. YOU COULD HAVE LET HIM STAY.
e) Um dia as baterias poderão duras meses.
ONE DAY, BATTERIES WILL BE ABLE TO LAST FOR MONTHS.
f) O que eu poderia ter dito naquelas circuntâncias?
WHAT COULD I HAVE SAID UNDER THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES?
g) Talvez chova hoje à tarde. IT MAY(MIGHT) RAIN THIS AFTERNOON
h) Você não deve nunca desobedecer seus pais.
YOU MUST NEVER DESOBEY YOUR PARENTS
i) Eles deviam ter comprado a casa.
THEY SHOULD HAVE (OUGHT TO HAVE) BOUGHT THE HOUSE.
j) Nós não pudemos enxergar o passarinho na árvore.
WE COULDN’T SEE THE LITTLE BIRD ON THE TREE.
 EMPRESAS GLOBAIS
DEVERIAM AJUDAR
EMPRESAS LOCAIS.
O MUNDO
PRECISA MAIS
DO QUE EMPRESAS GLOBAIS
PETRÓLEO DEVERIAM AJUDAR SUAS
COMUNIDADES.

PROTEGER O
PLANETA É
TRABALHO DE
AGORA É A TODO MUNDO.
HORA DE
INVESTIR NO
FUTURO.
A FUNÇÃO CONATIVA, OU APELATIVA, É MUITO ENCONTRADA EM PROPAGANDAS. ELA
TEM A MENSAGEM CENTRADA NO RECEPTOR, TENTANDO INFLUENCIÁ-LO OU
CHAMAR SUA ATENÇÃO.
 Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Os substantivos podem ser classificados em duas categorias:

countable nouns (substantivos contáveis) e uncountable nouns (substantivos
incontáveis).
Countable nouns se referem a objetos, animais, pessoas ou conceitos
que podem ser contados individualmente, e normalmente possuem uma
forma plural. Veja: book / books; cat / cats.
Os substantivos contáveis podem ser usados com os números. Por
exemplo: one book; two cats; three pencils.
Já os uncountable nouns não podem ser contados individualmente.
Geralmente não possuem forma plural e não podem ser usados com um
número diretamente. Veja o exemplo: water.
Em vez de serem contados, os substantivos incontáveis são medidos
ou quantificados (some, a few, a slice, a bottle, etc.). Por exemplo: I need some
water.