Sandvik Materials Technology

Aplicaes Alta Temperatura

500C+
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Ligas Alta Temperatura Ligas Padres Alta Temperatura

SANDVIK 4C54 7RE10 8RE18 6R35 / 8R30 8R40 253MA 353MA ASTM TP 446-1 310S / 310H 309S / 309H 321H 347H -

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Ligas Alta Temperatura Ligas a base de Nquel

SANDVIK Sanicro 30 Sanicro 31HT Sanicro 41 Sanicro 69 Sanicro 70 ASTM TP Alloy 800 Alloy 800HT Alloy 825 Alloy 690 Alloy 600

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Composio Qumica e Normas

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High Temperature Products

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Microestrutura

Microestrutura Ferrtica

Microestrutura Austentica

Microestrutura Duplex

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Microestrutura Ferrtica

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Microestrutura Austentica

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Seleo de materiais para altas temperaturas

Resistncia corroso

Resistncia mecnica

Estabilidade estrutural

Aplicaes

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Oxidao
Ao C xido no protetor

Cr2O3 Ao ao cromo Cr2O3 Ao ao cromo e silcio

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SiO2 Al2O3

High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels

Aqueous Corrosion Molten Alkalai Oxidation Sulphur
<< Corrosion Rate
0 100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900 1000 1100 1200

Temperature C
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Corrosion Resistance
Diffusion >4000C

Oxygen O2 Carbon C, CO, CO2 Nitrogen N, N2, NH4 Sulphur S, SO Molten Salts Na, K, V Chlorine Cl2 Base Metal

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Corrosion Resistance
Diffusion >4000C

Oxygen O2 Carbon C, CO, CO2 Nitrogen N, N2, NH4 Sulphur S, H2S, SO2 Molten Salts Na, K, V Chlorine Cl2

Cr2O3 Oxides Cr23C6 Carbides CrN2 Nitrides Ni2S Sulphides Slags Chlorine Compounds

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Resistncia Corroso
Oxignio O2

xido Protetor Cr2O3 Cromo Cr Metal Base

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Metais Terras Raras

+ Alto Silicio e Metais Terras Raras xido Protetor Cr2O3, SiO2 Oxignio O2

Metal Base

Cromo Cr + Si + RE

253MA, 353MA
Metais Terras Raras (Cerium,Lanthanum etc.)
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Oxidao
1. AISI 309 2. AISI 446 3. AISI 310 4. 253MA 5. Alloy 800HT

5 x 24h

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Oxidation

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Sulphidation Resistance
Sulphur S Sulphur Dioxide, SO2 Hydrogen Sulphide H2S

Protective Oxide Cr2O3

Nickel Sulphides Ni2 S Melt at 6500C Base Metal

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Ataque por gases contendo S

SO2 H2S

+ Cr, Mn , Al , Si Sandvik Materials Technology

Ni

Sulfitao
Air-preheater tube in Inconel 600 from a mineral-wool plant. The failure was due to severe sulphidation.

Glass recuperator tubes in 4C54 show no attack in spite of heavy Na2SO4 deposit.

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Nitriding Resistance
Nitrogen, N2 Cracked Ammonia NH4

Protective Oxide Cr2O3 Chromium Nitrides Cr N2 Brittle and Reduced Oxidation Resisitance Base Metal
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Nitretao

Tubo mufla TP310, usado em forno de recozimento brilhante, durante 4 meses. Nitretao do TP310 aps 400h exposto a nitrognio (gs) contendo 240 ppm de oxignio , T = 1000C
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Atmosfera: amnia craqueada T= 1000C

Nitretao

353MA - Muffle tube Sandvik Wire Mill Brazil approx. 3 years in service
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Resistncia Carbonetao
Carbono Monxido de Carbono CO Dixido de Carbono CO2 xido Protetor Cr2O3

Carbeto de Cromo Cr23 C6 Metal Base

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Carburizao
CO,CH2 C Cr carbono

Fragilizao Diminuio da Resistncia Corroso

Metal dusting = catastrofica carburizao ocorre a 470850C A trinca ou dusts no metal se d devido excessiva formao de carbonetos.
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Carbonetao

Falha em tubo mufla TP310 devido carbonetao pela atmosfera interna

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Carbonetao em ao TP310, aps 18 meses, T = 1100 C, usado em forno de etileno

Carbonetao

Carbonetao a 0,5 mm da superfcie, aps 500 horas de teste em diferentes temperaturas em 10%CH4 + 90%Ar + 0,5%O2
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Chlorine Attack
Chlorine Gas, Cl2 Hydrogen Chloride HCl Molten Salts, NaCl xido Protetor Cr2O3

Chlorine Attack of Protective Oxide Metal Base

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Molten Salt and Alkalaii Attack

Chlorine Gas, Cl2 Hydrogen Chloride HCl Molten Salts, NaCl xido Protetor Cr2O3

Chlorine Attack of Protective Oxide Metal Base

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Resitncia ruptura por fluncia

Rkm/100 000 h para alguns aos inoxidveis e ligas base de nquel Sandvik

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Propriedades de Resistncia a Corroso

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Mxima temperatura de trabalho

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Estabilidade Estrutural
Temp C 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1175

Qualidade
Sanicro 31HT* 253 MA 353 MA 309S 310S 4C54 475 C-embrittlement

phase phase phase phase phase

Dentro da faixa de precipitao das diferentes fases a cor azul escura indica precipitao mais intensa. 1% de fase precipita-se a 800C para o 353 MA aps 7000 h, para o 253 MA aps 2000 h, e para o 310 e 309 aps <200 h. 1% de fase precipita-se no 4C54 a 650C aps <200h. * Sanicro 31HT modificado usado em temperaturas entre 550-700C para eliminar o risco de precipitao de .

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Curvas TTT para

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Fase (sigma)
Perodos longos + temperaturas altas Fase

Fragilizao temperatura ambiente (paradas) Manuteno dificultada

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Aplicaes Alta Temperatura

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Recuperator Tubes
900 900- -1150C 1150C

Preheats combustion air

Glass Manufacturing Plants Mineral Wool Plants Fossil fuelled pit furnaces in rolling and forging mills

Radiant RadiantRecuperator Recuperator

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Recuperator Tubes
500 500- -1000C 1000C

Preheats combustion air

All types of fossil fuelled heating furnaces

Preheats process gas and natural gas

Iron Ore Direct Reduction Plants

Preheats process air

Carbon Black Plants Blast furnace
Convection ConvectionRecuperator Recuperator
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Shaft furnace

Steel Manufacturing Recuperators 1

Various types of recuperators
Radiation Convection Channel type

Fluegas from oil / gas burning

800 - 1100 C

Air is heated inside of tubes

Channel Type Recuperator (KTE)

Room temp to 600 - 800 C

Fuel savings up to 40%

Convection Flue Type Recuperator (KTE)

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Steel Manufacturing Recuperators 3

Materiais Tubulares requisitados
Lado casco: Vrias requisitaes dependendo do tipo de laminador Lado tubo: Resistncia Oxidao ao ar Alta Temperatura

Ligas Usadas
Sandvik 253MA frequentemente usada Sandvik 4C54
Para aos laminados usando combustveis com alta impureza (S, V, Na, K)

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Sandvik Recuperator Experience

Glass industry Steel industry Carbon black Direct reduction iron ore, Midrex process Sewage sludge incineration Chemical waste incineration Sulphuric acid plants

4C54, 253MA 4C54, 253MA, 353MA 4C54, 253MA 253MA, 6R35 (TP321H) Sanicro31HT (Alloy800HT) 253MA 253MA 253MA

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Lanas de Injeo de Finos

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Lanas de Injeo de Finos

Usiminas COSIPA Gerdau Ao Minas Belgo Mineira (Joo Molevade) V&M CSN CST

253MA 253MA 253MA Alloy 800, 253MA 253MA 310, 253MA 310

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Muffle Tubes

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Muffle Tubes

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Muffle Tubes

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Muffle Tubes
What are Muffle tubes used for ?
Intermediate annealing
Recrystallize (soften) wire to make further drawing to final size possible

Final annealing
Give wire final mechanical properties & surface appearance

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Application - Bundy Tubes

SAN31HT and 353MA- muffle tubes used to braze Bundy Tubes: - a single strip of copper coated steel, wound round twice to create a double wall tube, capable of withstanding pressure of six thousand pounds per square inch.
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Application - Bundy Tubes

SAN31HT and 353MA- muffle tubes used to braze Bundy Tubes:

a single strip of copper coated steel, wound round twice to create a double wall tube, capable of withstanding pressure of six thousand pounds per square inch.

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Pyrometer Tubes
Thermocouple protection tubes Cable tubing Sighting sheaths
Used in all industries who has a need of measuring the temperature in their process ( > 500 C ). For example Iron & Steel, Fertilizer, Refinery and Glass industry.
, A M 53

,3 A M 253 54 C 4 T, H 1 3 n a S
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Pyrometer Tubes
What are Pyrometer tubes used for ?
Thermocouple protection tubes Cable tubing Sighting sheaths

Used in all industries who has a need of measuring the temperature in their process ( > 500 C ), for example Iron & Steel, Fertilizer, Refinery and Glass industry.

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Etylene Furnace Tubes

ID finned 353MA tubes
Developed 2000 First order in October 2000 Several orders 2001-2002

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Boiler Tubes
Boilers Coal fired Black liquor recovery Municipal waste Incineration & biomass Waste heat recovery Grades Composite tubes Mono tubes
standard grades specialty grades

Stuart
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Boiler Tubes

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Sandvik Composite Tubes for Recovery Boilers in the Pulp & Paper Industry
Why composite tubes?
Increased safety Longer operating life Better planning predictability Superheater tubes SAN28/T22 310/T22 Furnace wall tubes 3R12/4L7

Sanicro 38/4L7
* superior corrosion and SCC resistance * good thermal fatigue and low-cycle fatigue characteristics *11 years in- service experience

Furnace floor tubes Sanicro 38/4L7

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Waste Heat Boiler, Boliden Sweden

by courtesy of Outokumpu, Finland

Composite Tubes
improved erosion/corrosion resistance eliminate unpredictable stops 3-7 times longer life time compared to carbon steel tubes

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