UNIFEI - Universidade Federal de Itajub

Instituto de Engenharia de Produo & Gesto

EXERCCIOS E TABELAS

PEDRO PAULO BALESTRASSI

ANDERSON PAULO DE PAIVA

Itajub/2009

Captulo 1 - ESTATSTICA DESCRITIVA

1) Um projeto necessrio avaliar-se a folga que separa
dois componentes, j que se desconfia que em algumas
vezes a montagem do dispositivo no ser possvel. O
componente A (eixo) tem sua dimenso com distribuio
normal, com mdia 9,90 mm e desvio-padro de 0,02mm.
O componente B (Furo) tem tambm distribuio normal,
mas com mdia 10,05 mm e desvio-padro de 0,04 mm,
conforme mostra a figura ao lado. Determine a mdia,
desvio padro e a tolerncia (T) para a folga entre os
componentes.

2) Um eixo formado por 3 componentes x1, x2 e x3. Sabe-se que estas dimenses (em
mm) se distribuem normalmente, tal que x1~N(40; 2), x2~N(35; 3) e x3~N(45; 5).
Determine o (i) comprimento mdio, (ii) o desvio padro e a (iii) tolerncia do sistema
aps a montagem.

3) The demand for bottled water increases during the hurricane season in Florida. The
operations manager at a plant that bottles drinking water wants to be sure that the filling
process for one-gallon bottles is operating properly. Currently, the company is testing the
weights of one-gallon (3,78 l) bottles. A random sample of 75 bottles is tested and the
weights are described in the following table.
3,57
3,73
3,77
3,82
3,90

3,63
3,74
3,77
3,82
3,91

3,64
3,74
3,78
3,82
3,93

3,65
3,74
3,78
3,82
3,93

3,67
3,74
3,79
3,84
3,94

3,67
3,74
3,79
3,84
3,94

3,67
3,75
3,79
3,85
3,94

3,69
3,75
3,79
3,85
3,94

3,69
3,75
3,80
3,86
3,95

3,71
3,76
3,81
3,86
3,96

3,71
3,76
3,81
3,87
3,96

3,71
3,77
3,81
3,87
3,98

3,71
3,77
3,81
3,88
3,99

3,72
3,77
3,81
3,89
4,06

3,72
3,77
3,82
3,89
4,11

a) Find the mean, range, variance and standard deviation of the bottle weights;
b) Find the five-number summary of the weights and the interquartile range for this
data;
c) What is the value of the coefficient of variation? Construct a box-and-whisker plot.
4) The accompanying table shows test scores of 40 students. Write a complete report
according to the aforementioned items of Question 3.
54
56
56
59
60

62
62
66
67
68

68
70
70
73
73

73
75
77
78
79

79
81
81
82
83

83
85
86
86
88

89
89
90
90
91

93
93
94
95
98

2
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

5) The following data shows the percentage returns for the 25 largest U.S. common stock
mutual funds for a particular day. Write a summary report as cited in Question 3.
133 187 194 199 203 203 215 240 245 246 247 256 280
296 303 307 308 308 312 323 329 368 380 395 509 6) Solve Questions 3, 4 and 5 using the grouped data techniques.
7) Mostre que:
n

(a)

(x

x) = 0

x ) = x nx = x

i =1
n

(b)

(x
i =1
k

(c)

2
i

i =1

i =1

n (x

x ) = n i x i2 nx 2

f (x

x ) = f i x i2 x 2

i=1
k

(d)

i=1

2
i

( x )

i=1
k

i=1

8) O conjunto abaixo representa as notas do exame final de uma determinada turma:

10
15
23
33
34
35
37
42

45
45
47
48
48
50
50
50

51
53
54
54
55
57
58
58

60
60
60
60
60
61
61
61

62
62
63
63
64
64
64
65

65
66
66
66
66
66
66
67

67
67
68
69
70
70
70
71

71
71
71
73
73
74
74
75

75
75
75
76
76
77
77
79

81
81
83
85
85
86
88
92

Construir uma distribuio de freqncia, adotando um intervalo de classe conveniente, o

histograma e o polgono de freqncia. Calcular a mdia, o desvio padro, a mediana, o 1o
quartil e o 65o percentil.
9) Por engano, um professor omitiu uma nota no conjunto de notas de 10 alunos. Se as
nove notas restantes so 48, 71, 79, 95, 45, 57, 75, 83, 97 e a mdia das 10 notas 72, qual
o valor da nota omitida.
10) So os seguintes os nmeros de alunos e respectivos QI mdios em trs
estabelecimentos de ensino:
Estabelecimento
A
B
C

No de Alunos
790
155
530

QI Mdio
104
110
106

Qual o QI mdio global dos trs estabelecimentos? Que tipo de mdia foi utilizada?
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EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

11) Em certo ano, uma empresa pagou a cada um de seus 45 estagirios um salrio mdio
mensal de R$ 800, a cada um de seus 67 funcionrios juniores R$ 2.000, a cada um de
seus 58 plenos R$ 2.600 e a cada um de seus 32 seniores R$ 3.100. Qual o salrio mdio
mensal dos 202 empregados?
12) Dado o histograma abaixo, calcular a mdia, a varincia, a mediana e o 3o quartil.
Sabe-se que o nmero total de observaes 90.
25

20

15
13

5
4
3

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

13) Dado o conjunto de observaes

120 107 95 118 150 130 132 109 136
( a ) Determinar os quartis.
( b ) Calcular a mdia aparada com m = 1.
( c ) A mdia aparada praticamente coincide com a mdia aritmtica simples. Por
qu?
14) Calcule x , S2 e S para os dados abaixo, onde os valores de x so pontos mdios de
intervalos. Determine o escore padronizado para x = 80:
xi
ni

15
1

25
5

35
12

45
18

55
21

65
19

75
10

85
7

95 105
6 1

15) A srie a seguir representa os tempos, em minutos, de espera numa fila de nibus,
durante 13 dias, de um cidado que se dirige diariamente ao seu emprego:
15 10 2
17 6
Calcular a mdia e a mediana.

10

13

16) Dada a seguinte distribuio de idades dos membros de uma sociedade,

Idade
15
20
25
30

20
25
30
35

ni
16
35
44
27

Idade
35
40
45
50

40
45
50
55

ni
17
8
2
1

Calcular:
a) x , s, x~ , Q1, Q3;
b) o intervalo interquartlico Q3 - Q1;
4
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

17) Para comparar a preciso de dois micrmetros, um tcnico estuda medidas tomadas
com ambos os aparelhos. Com um mediu repetidamente o dimetro de uma pequena esfera
de rolamento; as mensuraes acusam mdia de 5,32 mm e d.p. de 0,019 mm. Com outro
mediu o comprimento natural de uma mola, tendo as mensuraes acusado mdia de 6,4
cm e d.p. de 0,03 cm. Qual dos dois aparelhos relativamente mais preciso?
18) O que acontece com a mediana, a mdia e o desvio padro de uma srie de dados
quando:
a) Cada observao multiplicada por 2;
b) Soma-se 10 a cada observao;
c) Subtrai-se a mdia geral x de cada observao;
d) De cada observao subtrai-se x e divide-se pelo desvio padro.
19) A tabela abaixo mostra o tempo gasto por empregados numa determinada operao em
uma fbrica:
Tempo (min)
10 15
15 20
20 25
25 30
30 40

Freqncia
5
57
42
28
18

a) Esboce o histograma correspondente;

b) Calcule a mdia, o desvio padro;
c) O presidente decide separar os funcionrios mais rpidos (com tempo inferior a um
desvio padro abaixo da mdia) para receberem promoo. Qual a porcentagem
desses funcionrios?
20) Em testes de resistncia trao de um tipo de ao, obteve-se um coeficiente de
variao de 8%. O escore padronizado obtido para uma resistncia de 28 kg/mm2 foi de
-0,4.
a) Qual a resistncia mdia?
b) Qual o desvio padro?
c) O que significa o resultado negativo do escore padronizado?
21) Os nmeros de lugares vagos em vos entre duas cidades foram agrupados nas classes
05 510 1020 2025 2530 30 ou mais.
Com esta distribuio possvel determinar o nmero de vos em que h:
(a) menos de 20 assentos vagos; (b) mais de 20; (c) ao menos 9; (d) no mximo 9; (e)
exatamente 5; (f) entre 10 e 25?
22) Os pontos mdios de uma distribuio de leituras de temperaturas so 16, 25, 34, 43,
52, 61. Determinar os limites de classe e o intervalo de classe.

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EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

NOTA: Os exerccios seguintes foram extrados do captulo 2 do livro Statistics for

Business and Economics (Newbold et al., 2003).
23) The demand for bottled water increases during the hurricane season in Florida. The
operations manger at a plant that bottles drinking water wants to be sure that the filling
process for one-gallon bottles is operating properly. Currently, the company is testing the
weights of one-gallon (3,78 l) bottles. A random sample of 75 bottles is tested and the
weights are in the following table. Write a report of your findings.
3,57
3,73
3,82
3,90

3,63
3,74
3,82
3,91

3,64
3,74
3,82
3,93

3,65
3,74
3,82
3,93

3,67
3,74
3,84
3,94

3,67
3,74
3,84
3,94

3,67
3,75
3,85
3,94

3,69
3,75
3,85
3,94

3,69
3,75
3,86
3,95

3,71
3,76
3,86
3,96

3,71
3,76
3,87
3,96

3,71
3,77
3,87
3,98

3,71
3,77
3,88
3,99

3,72
3,77
3,89
4,06

3,72
3,77
3,89
4,11

24) The following table shows test scores of 40 students.

54
56
56
59
60
62
62
66

67
68
68
70
70
73
73
73

75
77
78
79
79
81
81
82

83
83
85
86
86
88
89
89

90
90
91
93
93
94
95
98

a) Find the 65th percentile, the median and the first and third quartiles.
b) Considering the grouped data, find the coefficient of variation (C.V. %) of the
distribution.
25) A sample of 40 accounting students recorded the time spent studying the course
material in the week before the final exam. Find all the descriptive statistics for the data.
1,0
3,6

2,3
3,9

2,4
4,4

2,6
4,5

2,8
4,8

2,8
5,0

2,9
5,2

3,0
5,5

3,5
6,2

3,6
6,7

26) A sample of 20 financial analysts was asked to provide forecasts of earnings per share
of a corporation for next year. The results are summarized in the following table.
Forecast ($ per Share)
9,95----|10,45
10,45---|10,95
10,95---|11,45
11,45---|11,95
11,95---|12,45
Total

Number of Analysts
2
8
6
3
1
20

Estimate the sample mean and standard deviation of the forecasts.

6
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 2 - DISTRIBUIES DISCRETAS

1) Uma empresa envia 5 propostas para seus clientes e, historicamente, sabe-se que a
probabilidade da proposta se converter em um contrato de 40%. Determine:
a) a probabilidade da empresa fechar ao menos um contrato;
b) a probabilidade da empresa fechar entre 2 e 4 contratos (inclusive);
c) a probabilidade da empresa no fechar nenhum contrato.
2) Suponha que um novo sistema de controle computadorizado de reclamaes tenha sido
instalado em uma seguradora de sade. Apenas 40% das reclamaes requerem
interferncia humana para serem resolvidas. Em um dia particular, 100 reclamaes
chegam ao processamento. Supondo que o nmero de reclamaes que requerem
interveno humana segue distribuio binomial, determine:
a) a probabilidade de haver entre 37 e 43 reclamaes (inclusive) que necessitem de
interveno humana;
b) a probabilidade de haver exatamente 38 reclamaes que necessitam deste tipo de
interferncia;
c) a probabilidade haver mais de 42 reclamaes que requerem ateno humana.
3) As linhas telefnicas de um sistema de reservas de uma Cia. Area esto ocupadas 35%
do tempo. Considere que 10 chamadas aconteam.
a) Qual a probabilidade de que, para exatamente 3 chamadas, as linhas estejam
ocupadas?
b) Qual a probabilidade de que, para no mnimo uma chamada, as linhas estejam
ocupadas?
c) Qual a probabilidade de haver mais de cinco chamadas no atendidas em funo
das linhas estarem todas ocupadas?
4) Por que nem todos os passageiros de avies aparecem na hora do embarque, uma Cia.
Area vende 125 passagens para um vo que s comporta 120 pessoas. o que se
denomina Overbooking. Se a probabilidade de um passageiro no comparecer para o
embarque de 10%, determinar:
a) a probabilidade de que cada passageiro que comparea possa embarcar.
b) a probabilidade do vo decolar com assentos vazios.
5) Um teste de mltipla escolha contm 25 questes, cada qual com 4 alternativas.
Suponha que um estudante chute todas as questes.
a) Qual a probabilidade dele acertar mais de 20 questes?
b) Qual a probabilidade dele acertar menos de 5 questes?
6) Uma empresa recebe um carregamento com 20 itens. Como a inspeo individual de
cada item muita cara, h uma orientao de se verificar aleatoriamente uma amostra de
apenas 6 itens, aceitando-se o lote se no houver mais do que um item defeituoso. Qual a
probabilidade de que um lote com cinco itens defeituosos seja aceito?
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EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

7) Um lote de peas contm 100 unidades de um fornecedor A e 200 de um fornecedor B.

Se quatro peas forem selecionadas, ao acaso e sem reposio, qual ser a probabilidade de
que elas sejam todas provenientes do fornecedor local?
9) Um dia de produo de 850 peas fabricadas contm 50 peas que no satisfazem os
requerimentos dos consumidores. Duas peas so selecionadas ao acaso, sem reposio, da
produo do dia. Qual a probabilidade de que haja duas peas no-conformes na
amostra?
10) O nmero mdio de chamadas que chegam a uma central de 10/hora. Determine:
a) P(x = 5)

b) P(3 ou menos)

c) P(exatamente 15) d) P(8 ou menos)

11) O nmero de falhas em um fio delgado de cobre segue distribuio de Poisson, com
mdia igual a 2,3 falhas/mm. Determine:
a) a probabilidade de existir exatamente 2 falhas em um milmetro de fio;
b) a probabilidade de haver 10 falhas em cada 5 milmetros;
c) a probabilidade de haver, no mnimo, uma falha em 2 milmetros.
12) Em uma seo de uma auto-estrada, o nmero de buracos, que bastante significante
para requerer reparo, segue distribuio de Poisson com mdia de 2 buracos por km.
a) Qual a probabilidade de que no haja buracos que requeiram reparo em 5 km de
auto-estrada?
b) Qual a probabilidade de que no mnimo um buraco requeira reparo em 0,5
quilmetro?
13) O nmero de erros em um livro-texto segue distribuio de Poisson, com mdia igual a
0,01 erros por pgina. Qual a probabilidade de que haja trs erros ou menos em 100
pginas?
14) Suponha que X seja uma varivel aleatria que segue distribuio de Poisson, com
mdia igual a 0,4. Determine:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

P (X = 0)
P (X 2)
P (X = 4)
P (X = 8)
P (X 4)

15) Suponha que o nmero de consumidores que entrem em um banco em uma hora seja
varivel aleatria de Poisson. Suponha tambm que P (X = 0) = 0,05. Determine a mdia e
a varincia de X.

8
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 2 - APROXIMAO DA BINOMIAL E POISSON PELA NORMAL

Quando o tamanho da amostra utilizada n grande (ou extremamente grande), o clculo

das distribuies Binomial e Poisson torna-se difcil e impraticvel. Nesses casos, duas
aproximaes podem ser propostas, a saber:
Se X for uma varivel aleatria binomial, ento Z aproximadamente uma varivel
aleatria normal padronizada, se:
X np
Z=
np (1 p )
A aproximao ser boa para np > 5 e n(1-p) > 5.
Se X for uma varivel aleatria de Poisson, ento Z aproximadamente uma
varivel aleatria normal padronizada, se:
X
Z=

A aproximao ser boa para > 5.

EXERCCIOS:

1) Suponha que x seja uma varivel aleatria binomial com n = 200 e p = 0,4. Usando a
aproximao pela Normal, determine:
a) P( x 70 )

b) P(70 x 90 )

2) Suponha que x seja uma varivel aleatria binomial com n = 100 e p = 0,1. Usando a
aproximao pela Normal, determine:
a) P( x 4) - mtodo exato

b) P( x 4) - aproximado

c) P(8 x 12) - aproximado

3) A fabricao de chips semicondutores produz 2% de chips defeituosos. Considere que

os chips sejam independentes e que um lote contenha 1.000 chips.
a) Aproxime a probabilidade de que mais de 25 chips sejam defeituosos;
b) Aproxime a probabilidade de 20 a 30 chips serem defeituosos.
4) Um fornecedor embarca um lote de 1.000 conectores eltricos. Uma amostra de 25
selecionada ao acaso e sem reposio. Considere que o lote contenha 100 conectores
defeituosos.
a) Usando uma aproximao binomial, qual a probabilidade de que no haja conectores
defeituosos na amostra?
b) Usando a aproximao normal, analise novamente o item (4.a).
c) Refaa os itens 4.a e 4.b, considerando que o lote tenha tamanho igual a 500. As
aproximaes continuam satisfatrias?
5) Suponha que o nmero de partculas de asbesto em uma amostra de 1 cm2 seja uma v.a.
de Poisson com mdia igual a 1.000. Qual a probabilidade de que 10 cm2 contenham
mais de 10.000 partculas?

9
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 2 - CORREO DE CONTINUIDADE

A aproximao normal de uma distribuio de probabilidade discreta , algumas vezes,

modificada por um fator de correo de 0,5. O valor deste fator est relacionado ao fato de
que variveis discretas s podem assumir valores inteiros. De maneira genrica, a correo
da continuidade poder ser realizada substituindo-se o limite inferior de um intervalo, a,
por (a-0,5) e o limite superior, b, por (b+0,5) (Newbold et al., 2003). Assim, para o caso
binominal, pode-se escrever que:
(a 0,5) np
(b + 0,5) np
P(a x b ) P
Z
np(1 p )
np(1 p )
O fator de correo pode ser usado quando 5 < np(1 p) < 9 .

6) Suponha que X seja uma v.a. binomial com n = 50 e p = 0,1. Pelo fato de X ser uma v.a.
discreta, P ( x 2 ) = P( x 2,5) . No entanto, a aproximao normal para P ( x 2 ) pode ser
melhorada aplicando-se a aproximao para P( x 2,5) . Compare os resultados nos dois
casos. Use a correo de continuidade para P (x < 10 ) .
7) Suponha que X seja uma v.a. binomial com n = 50 e p = 0,1. Pelo fato de X ser uma v.a.
discreta, P ( x 2 ) = P ( x 1,5) . No entanto, a aproximao normal para P ( x 2 ) pode ser
melhorada aplicando-se a aproximao para P( x 2,5) . Compare os resultados usando Z =
1,5 e Z = 2. Compare estes resultados com o valor exato de P ( x 2 ) .
8) Suponha que X seja uma v.a. binomial com n = 50 e p = 0,1. Pelo fato de X ser uma v.a.
discreta, P(2 x 5) = P(1,5 x 5,5) . No entanto, a aproximao normal para
P (2 x 5) pode ser melhorada aplicando-se a aproximao para P (1,5 x 5,5) .
Compare os resultados usando Z11 = 1,5 e Z12 = 5,5 e Z21 = 2 e Z22 = 5. Compare estes
resultados com o valor exato de P (2 x 5) .
9) (Newbold, Example 6.8): A salesman makes initial telephone contact with potential
customers in an effort to assess whether a follow-up visit to their homes is likely to be
worthwhile. His experience suggests that 40% of the initial contacts lead to follow-up
visits. If he contacts 100 people by telephone, what is the probability that between 45 and
50 home visits will result?
10) (Newbold, 6.28): A car rental company has determined that the probability a car will
need service work in any given month is 20%. The company has 900 cars.
a) What is the probability that more than 200 cars will require service work in a particular
day?
b) What is the probability that fewer than 175 cars will need service work in a given
month?
11) (Newbold, 6.31): Suppose that half of all students of a university are dissatisfied with
the food service. Taking a random sample of 40 students and using the normal
approximation (with and without correction), assess the probability of P (18 x 22 ) .

10
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulos 3 e 4 - ESTIMAO E INTERVALOS DE CONFIANA

1) Suponha que o tempo de permanncia dos clientes em uma loja seja normalmente
distribudo. Uma amostra aleatria de 16 consumidores revelou um tempo mdio de 25
min. Assuma que = 6 min. Encontre os intervalos de confiana de 90%, 95% e 99% para
o tempo mdio populacional, .
2) Um processo de empacotamento de acar produz unidades cujos pesos so
normalmente distribudos, com desvio padro (populacional) de 1,2 Kg. Uma amostra de
25 pacotes revelou mdia de 19,8 Kg. Encontre intervalos de 95% e 99% para o valor real
do peso mdio de todos os pacotes produzidos.
3) Em um processo de fabricao de tijolos, o desvio padro para o peso mdio unitrio
de 0,12 lb. Uma amostra aleatria com 16 tijolos revelou uma mdia de 4,07 lb. Encontre
um intervalo de confiana de 95% para o valor real do peso mdio dos tijolos produzidos.
4) 430 < < 470 um intervalo de confiana de 95% para as vidas (em minutos) de um
produto. Suponha que este resultado tenha sido obtido com uma amostra de tamanho 100.
Determine o valor da mdia amostral e construa um intervalo de confiana de 99%.
5) Determine o tamanho da amostra necessria para se estimar, com 95% de confiana, o
salrio mdio de uma categoria, de modo que a mdia amostral esteja a menos de $500,00
do valor real. Suponha = 6250 .
6) O preo tpico dos livros utilizados em uma escola varia entre $10 e $90. Quantos
exemplares devem ser selecionados para se estimar, com confiana de 95%, o preo mdio
real destes itens. Suponha que a mdia amostral esteja a menos de $2 do valor verdadeiro.
(Dica: use = 0,25R ).
7) Uma empresa de limpeza urbana deseja estimar o peso mdio do lixo domstico
descartado pela populao. Determine o tamanho da amostra necessria para estimar essa
mdia, para que se tenha 95% de confiana em que a mdia amostral esteja a menos de 2
kg do valor populacional real, cujo desvio padro 12,46 Kg.
8) Quando uma populao N relativamente pequena (ou finita) e a amostragem se
processar sem reposio, a margem de erro E utilizada na determinao da amostra deve
ser corrigida, tal que:
N n
E = Z / 2

N 1

Determine a frmula corrigida para a determinao do tamanho da amostra.

9) Uma clnica est oferecendo um tratamento de reduo de peso. Uma amostra formada
pelos registros histricos de 10 pacientes revelou uma mdia de 16,37 lb e desvio padro
de 5,38. Encontre intervalos de confiana de 90%, 95% e 99% para o peso mdio
verdadeiro perdido por todos os pacientes.
10) Uma universidade deseja estimar o salrio anual mdio que um aluno graduado em
administrao recebe 5 anos aps sua formatura. Uma amostra de 25 administradores
revelou x = US$ 42.270 e s = US$ 4.780. Construa um intervalo de confiana de 95% para
o valor mdio real.
11
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 5 Testes de Hiptese

1) A company which receives shipments of batteries tests a random sample of nine of them
before agreeing to take a shipment. The company is concerned that the true mean lifetime
for all batteries in the shipment should be at least 50 hours. From past experience, it is safe
to conclude that the population distribution of lifetimes is normal, with standard deviation
of 3 hours. For one particular shipment, the mean lifetime for a sample of nine batteries
was 48.2 hours. Test at 5% level the null hypothesis that the population mean lifetime is at
least 50 hours.

2) An engineering research center claims that through the use of a new computer control
system, automobiles should achieve on average an additional 3 miles per gallon of gas. A
random sample of 100 automobiles was used to evaluate this product. The sample mean
increase in miles per gallon achieved was 2.4 and the sample standard deviation was 1.8
miles per gallon. Test the hypothesis that the population mean is at least 3 miles per gallon
using 5% significance level. Find the P-value of this test, and interpret your findings.

3) A beer distributor claims that a new display, featuring a life-size picture of a wellknown rock singer, will increase product sales in supermarkets by an average of 50 cases
in a week. For a random sample of 20 liquor weekly sales, the average sales increase was
41.3 cases and the sample standard deviation was 12.2 cases. Test at the 5% level the
hypothesis that the population mean sales increase is at least 50 cases.

4) In contract negotiations, a company claims that a new incentive scheme has resulted in
average weekly earning of at least $400 for all customer service workers. A union
representative takes a random sample of 15 workers and finds that their weekly earnings
have an average of $381.25 and a standard deviation of $48.60. Assume a normal
distribution.
a) Test the companys claim;
b) If the same sample results had been obtained from a random sample of 50
employees, could the companys claim be rejected at a lower significance level
than in part (a)?

5) A bearing used in an automotive application is supposed to have a nominal inside

diameter of 1.5 inches. A random sample of 25 bearings is selected and the average inside
diameter of these bearing is 1.4975 inches. Bearing diameter is known to be normally
distributed with standard deviation 0.01 inch. Test the null hypothesis using a two-sided
approach and considering = 1% .
6) The production manager of a company has asked you to evaluate a proposed new
procedure for producing its double-hung windows. The present process has a mean
production of 80 units per hour with a population standard deviation of = 8 . The manager
indicates that she does not want to change to a new procedure unless there is strong
12
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

evidence that the mean production level is higher with the new process. Taking a random
sample of n = 25 production hours the obtained sample mean was 83. Test with a
significance level of = 5% if there is strong evidence that the production hour increased.
Find the respective P-value.
7) A manufacturing process involves drilling holes whose diameter are normally
distributed with population mean of 2 inches and population standard deviation of 0.06
inches. A random sample of 9 measurements had a sample mean of 1.95 inches. Use a
significance level of = 5% to determine if the observed sample mean is unusual and
suggests that the drilling machine should be adjusted. (Hint: use two-sided hypothesis test).
8) A manufacturer of detergent claims that the contents of boxes sold weigh on average at
least 16 ounces. The distribution of weight is known to be normal, with = 0.4 ounce. A
random sample of 16 boxes yielded a sample mean weight of 15.84 ounces. Test at 5% and
10% significance levels the null hypothesis that the population mean weight is at least 16
ounces.
9) A company which receives shipments of batteries tests a random sample of 9 of them
before agreeing to take a shipment. The company is concerned that the true mean lifetime
for all batteries in the shipment should be at least 50 hours. From past experience, it is safe
to conclude that lifetime is normally distributed with = 3 hours. For one particular
shipment, the mean lifetime for a sample of nine batteries was 48.2 hours. Test at 10%
significance level the null hypothesis that the population mean lifetime is at least 50 hours.
10) A pharmaceutical manufacturer is concerned about the impurity concentration in pills,
and it is anxious that this does not exceed 3%. It is known that from a particular production
run, impurity concentrations follow a normal distribution with standard deviation of 0.4 %.
A random sample of 64 pills was checked, and the sample mean impurity concentration
was found to be 3.07%. Test at the 5% level the null hypothesis that the population mean
impurity concentration is 3% against the alternative that it is more than 3%. Find the
respective P-value in this case.
11) The accounts of a corporation show that, on average, accounts payable are $125.32. An
auditor checked a random sample of 16 of these accounts. The sample mean was $131.78
and the sample standard deviation was $25.41. Assume that the population distribution is
normal. Test as the 5% significance level against a two-sided alternative the null
hypothesis that the population mean is $125.32. Find the P-value of this test.
12) A process that produces bottles of shampoo, when operating correctly, produces bottles
whose contents weigh, on average, 20 ounces. A random sample of nine bottles from a
single production run yielded the following content weights (in ounces):
21,4

19,7

19,7

20,6

20,8

20,1

19,7

20,3

20,9

Assuming that the population distribution is normal, test at the 5% level against a twosided alternative the null hypothesis that the process is operating correctly.
13) A statistics instructor is interested in the ability of student to asses the difficulty of a
test they have taken. This test was taken by a large group of students, and the average score
was 78.5. A random sample of eight students was asked to predict this average score. Their
predictions were:
72

83

78

65

69

77

81

71
13

EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Assuming a normal distribution, test the null hypothesis that the population mean
prediction would be 78.5. Use a tow-sided alternative and a 10% significance level.
14) A random sample of 172 marketing students was asked to rate on a scale from one (not
important) to five (extremely important) health benefits as a job characteristic. The sample
rating was 3.31 and the sample standard deviation was 0.70. Test at 1% significance level
the null hypothesis that the population mean rating is at most 3.0 against the alternative
that it is bigger than 3.0.

Captulo 5 Testes de Hiptese para duas Mdias

1) Two catalysts may be used in a batch chemical process. Twelve batches were prepared
using catalyst 1, resulting in an average yield of 86 and a sample standard deviation of 3.
Fifteen batches were prepared using catalyst 2, and they resulted in an average yield of 89
with a standard deviation of 2. Assume that yield measurements are approximately
normally distributed with the same standard deviation. Is there evidence to support a claim
that catalyst 2 produces a higher mean yield than catalyst 1? Use = 1.0%.
2) The melting points of two alloys used in formulating solder were investigated by
melting 21 samples of each material. The sample mean and standard deviation for alloy 1
was x1 = 420 F and s1 = 4 F, while for alloy 2 they were x2 = 426 F and s2 = 3 F. Do
the sample data support the claim that both alloys have the same melting point? Use a =
0.05 in your conclusions and assume that both populations are normally distributed and
have the same standard deviation.
3) A new filtering device is installed in a chemical unit. Before its installation, a random
sample yielded the following information about the percentage of impurity: n1 = 8 and n2
= 9, x1 = 12.5, s12 = 101.17, x2 = 10.2, and s22 = 94.73. Adopting = 5%, has the filtering
device reduced the percentage of impurity significantly? Assume that both populations
have the same standard deviation.
4) A product developer is interested in reducing the drying time of primer paint. Two
formulations of the paint are tested; formulation 1 is the standard chemistry, and
formulation 2 has a new drying ingredient that should reduce the drying time. From
experience, it is known that the standard deviation of drying time is 8 minutes, and this
inherent variability should be unaffected by the addition of the new ingredient. Ten
specimens are painted with formulation 1, and another 10 specimens are painted with
formulation 2; the 20 specimens are painted in random order. The two sample average
drying times are x1 = 121 minutes and x2 = 112 minutes, respectively. What conclusions can
the product developer draw about the effectiveness of the new ingredient, using = 0.05?
5) Two machines are used for filling plastic bottles with a net volume of 16.0 oz. The fill
volume is normal, with standard deviation 1 = 0.020 and 2 = 0.025 ounces. A member
of the quality engineering staff suspects that both machines fill to the same mean net
volume, whether or not this volume is 16.0 oz. A random sample of 10 bottles is taken
from the output of each machine.
Machine 1
Machine 2

16,03 16,04 16,05 16,05 16,02 16,01 15,96 15,98 16,02 15,99
16,02 15,97 15,96 16,01 15,99 16,03 16,04 16,02 16,01 16,00
14

EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Using a = 0.05, do you think the engineer is correct?

6) Two types of plastic are suitable for use by an electronics component manufacturer. The
breaking strength of this plastic is important. It is known that 1 = 2 = 1,0 psi. From a
random sample of size n1 = 10 and n2 = 12, we obtain x1 = 162.5 and x2 = 155.0 psi . The
company will not adopt plastic 1 unless its mean breaking strength exceeds that of plastic 2
by at least 10 psi. Based on the sample information, should it use plastic 1? Use a 0.05
significance level in your findings.
7) Two machines are used to fill plastic bottles with dishwashing detergent. The standard
deviations of fill volume are known to be 1 = 0.10 fluid ounces and 1 = 0.15 fluid
ounces for the two machines, respectively. Two random samples of n1 = 12 bottles from
machine 1 and n2 = 10 bottles from machine 2 are selected, and the sample mean fill
volumes are x1 = 30.87 fluid ounces and x2 = 30.68 fluid ounces. Assume normality.
Using a significance level of 1% and 5%, is it possible to conclude that the machines have
the same performance?
8) Ten individuals have participated in a diet-modification program to stimulate weight
loss. Their weight both before and after participation in the program are shown in the
following list. Is there evidence to support the claim that this particular diet-modification
program is effective in producing a mean weight reduction? Use = 0.05.
Before
After

195 213 247 201 187 210 215 246 294 310
187 195 221 190 175 197 199 221 278 285

Otherwise, is there evidence to support the claim that this particular diet modification
program will result in a mean weight loss of at least 10 pounds? Use = 0.05.
9) In a study comparing banks in Germany and Great Britain, a sample of 145 matched
pairs of banks was formed. Each pair contained one German and one Great Britain bank.
The pairings were made in such a way that the two members were as similar as possible in
regard to such factors as sizes and age. The ratio of total loans outstanding to total assets
was calculated for each of the banks. For this ratio, the sample mean difference (German
Great Britain) was 0.0518, and the sample standard deviation of the differences was
0.3055. Test the hypothesis that the two population means are equal.
10) Fifteen adult males between the ages of 35 and 50 participated in a study to evaluate
the effect of diet and exercise on blood cholesterol levels. The total cholesterol was
measured in each subject initially and then three months after participating in an aerobic
exercise program and switching to a low-fat diet. The data are shown in the accompanying
table. Do the data support the claim that low-fat diet and aerobic exercise are of value in
producing a mean reduction in blood cholesterol levels? Use =0.05.
Blood Cholesterol Level
Subject 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Before 265 240 258 295 251 245 287 314 260 279 283 240 238 225 247
After 229 231 227 240 238 241 234 256 247 239 246 218 219 226 233
15
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 5 TESTES DE HIPTESE PARA UMA PROPORO

1) Of a random sample of 361 owners of small businesses that had gone into bankruptcy,
105 reported conducting no marketing studies prior to opening the business. Test the null
hypothesis that at most 25% of all member of this population conducted no marketing
studies before opening the business.
2) A semiconductor manufacturer produces controller used in automobile engine
applications. The customer requires that the process fallout or fraction of defectives at a
critical manufacturing step not exceed 5% and that the manufacturer demonstrate process
capability at this level of quality using 5% of significance level. The semiconductor
manufacturer takes a random sample of 200 devices and finds that four of them are
defective. Can the manufacturer demonstrate process capability for the customer?
3) A researcher claims that at least 10% of all helmets have manufacturing flaws that could
potentially cause injury to the wearer. A sample of 200 helmets revealed that 16 helmets
contained such defects. Does this finding support the researchers claim? (Use 1%
significance level). Find the P-value for this test.
Captulo 5 TESTES DE HIPTESE PARA UMA VARINCIA

1)
At the insistence of a government inspector, a new safety device is installed in an
assembly-line operation. After the installation of this device, a random sample of eight
days output gave the following results for number of finished components produced: 618,
660, 638, 625, 571, 598, 639 e 582. Management is concerned about the variability of daily
output and views as undesirable any variance above 500. Test at the 10% significance level
the null hypothesis that the population variance for daily output does not exceed 500.
Plastic sheets produced by a machine are periodically monitored for possible
2)
fluctuations in thickness. If the true variance in thicknesses exceeds 2.25 square
millimeters, there is cause for concern about product quality. Thickness measurements for
a random sample of ten sheets produced in a particular shift were taken, giving the
following results (in mm): 226, 226, 232, 227, 225, 228, 225, 228, 229 e 230. Test the null
hypothesis that the population variance is at most 2.25.
A company produces electric devices operated by a thermostatic control. The
3)
standard deviation of the temperature at which these controls actually operate should not
exceed 2.0 degrees Fahrenheit. For a random sample of 20 of these controls, the sample
standard deviation of operating temperatures was 2.36 degrees Fahrenheit. Stating any
assumptions you need to make, test at the 5% level the null hypothesis that the population
standard deviation is 2.0 against the alternative that it is bigger.
One way to evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching assistant is to examine the
4)
scores achieved by his or her students in an examination at the end of the course.
Obviously, the mean score is of interest. However, the variance also contains useful
information some teachers have a style that works very well with more able students but
is unsuccessful with less able or poorly motivated students. A professor sets a standard
examination at end of each semester for all sections of a course. The variance of the scores
on this test is typically very close to 300. A new teaching assistant has a class of 30
students, whose test scores had a variance of 480. Regarding these students test scores as a
16
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

random sample from a normal population, test against a two-sided alternative the null
hypothesis that the population variance of their scores is 300.
A company produces electric devices operated by a thermostatic control. The
5)
standard deviation of the temperature at which these controls actually operate should not
exceed 2.0 degrees Fahrenheit. For a random sample of 20 of these controls, the sample
standard deviation of operating temperatures was 2.36 degrees Fahrenheit. Stating any
assumptions you need to make, test at the 5% level the null hypothesis that the population
standard deviation is 2.0 against the alternative that it is bigger.
The sugar content of the syrup in canned peaches is normally distributed. A random
6)
sample of 10 cans yields a sample standard deviation of 4.8 milligrams.
a) Find a 95% two-sided confidence interval for population standard deviation;
b) Test the hypothesis: Ho: s2 = 18 versus H1: s2 18, using 5% significance level;
c) What is the P-value for this test?

Captulo 5 - TESTE DE HIPTESES PARA DUAS PROPORES

1) Em uma amostral aleatria de 200 motoristas de carros nacionais em uma cidade, 165
afirmaram usar regularmente o cinto de segurana, enquanto, em uma outra amostral de
250 motoristas de carros estrangeiros na mesma cidade, 198 afirmam usar regularmente
este dispositivo. Usando nvel de significncia de 5%, determine se existe diferena
significativa quanto ao uso do cinto.
2) De uma amostral aleatria de 500 adultos residentes em um bairro, 385 foram
favorveis ao aumento do limite de velocidade em uma auto-estrada, enquanto em outra
amostra de 400 adultos, residentes em outro bairro, 267 foram favorveis a essa mudana.
Usando nvel de significncia de 5%, pode-se afirmar que existe uma diferena
significativa entre as opinies dos moradores dos dois bairros?
3) Duas mquinas injetoras de plstico diferentes esto sendo comparadas quanto s
propores de produtos defeituosos que produzem. Duas amostras aleatrias de 300 peas
fabricadas so selecionadas de ambas as mquinas. Foram encontradas 15 peas
defeituosas na mquina 1 e 8, na mquina 2. Considerando-se um nvel de significncia de
5%, razovel concluir que ambas as mquinas produzam a mesma frao de peas
defeituosas?
Captulo 5 - TESTE DE HIPTESES PARA DUAS VARINCIAS

4) Duas companhias qumicas podem fornecer uma matria-prima cuja concentrao um

CTQ de cliente. A concentrao mdia a mesma, porm, suspeita-se que suas varincias
difiram. O desvio padro de uma amostra aleatria de 10 bateladas produzidas pela
companhia 1 s1=4,7 g/l, enquanto que uma amostra de 16 bateladas da companhia 2
s2=5,8 g/l. Considerando o nvel de significncia de 5%, h evidncia suficiente para
concluir que as varincias das duas populaes difiram?
5) The melting points of two alloys used in formulating solder were investigated by
melting 21 samples of each material. The sample standard deviation for alloy 1 was s1 = 4
F, while for alloy 2 they were s2 = 3 F. Do the sample data support the claim that both
17
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

alloys have the same variance? Use a 5% significance level in your conclusions and
assume that both populations are normally distributed.
6) A new filtering device is installed in a chemical unit. Before its installation, a random
sample yielded the following information about the percentage of impurity: n1 = 8 and n2
= 9, s12 = 101.17 and s22 = 94.73. Adopting = 5%, do the sample data support the claim
that both alloys have the same variance?
7) The diameter of steel rods manufactured on two different extrusion machines is being
investigated. Two random samples of sizes n1 =15 and n2 =17 are selected, and sample
variances are s12 = 0.35 and s22 = 0.40, respectively. Using = 5%, test the null hypothesis
that 12 = 22 .

18
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 6 - ANOVA

1) A corporation is trying to decide which of three types of automobile to order for its fleet
domestic, Japanese or European. Five cars of each type were ordered, and after 10.000
miles of driving, the operating cost per mile of each was assessed. The following tables in
cents per mile were obtained.
Domestic
Japanese
European

18,0
20,1
19,3

17,6
15,6
17,4

15,4
16,1
15,1

19,1
15,3
18,6

16,9
15,4
16,1

Using = 5%, test the null hypothesis that the population mean operating costs per mile
are the same for these three types of cars.
2) A researcher is interested in investigating the tensile strength (lb/in2) of a new synthetic
fiber that will be used to make cloth for mens shirts. Suspecting that the strength is
affected by the percent of cotton used in the blend of materials for the fiber, she decides to
conduct an experiment varying the percent of cotton and measuring the tensile strength.
According to the following data, is there any evidence that the amount of cotton used in the
fiber influences the tensile strength?
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%

7
12
14
19
7

7
17
18
25
10

15
12
18
22
11

11
18
19
19
15

9
18
19
23
11

3) A manufacturer of television sets is interested in the effect on tube conductivity of four

different types of coating for color picture tubes. The following conductivity data are
obtained. Is there a difference in conductivity due to coating type? Use = 0,05 .
Coating Type
A
B
C
D

143
152
134
129

Conductivity
141
150
149
137
136
132
127
132

146
143
127
129

4) An experiment was run to determine whether four specific firing temperatures affect the
density of a certain type of brick. The experiment led to the data in the following table.
Using = 5%, does the firing temperature affect the density of the bricks?
Temperature
100
125
150
175

Density
21,8
21,7
21,9
21,9

21,9
21,4
21,8
21,7

21,7
21,5
21,8
21,8

21,6
21,4
21,6
21,4

5) An agricultural experiment designed to assess differences in yields of corn for four

different varieties, using three different fertilizers, produced the results (in bushels per
19
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

acre) shown in the table below. Test at a 5% significance level, the null hypothesis of
equality among the population means.
Variety

Fertilizer

A
86
92
75

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

B
88
91
80

C
77
81
83

D
84
93
79

6) The objective of a study is to verify whether three marks of automobile have the same
fuel consumption. An experiment is then conducted choosing five people to randomly
drive each car three times. The data are available on the following table. Test at a 5%
significance level, the null hypothesis of equality among the population means. Is there
evidence of difference among the drivers? Is there strong evidence of interaction between
the driver and the car?
Driver
Driver 1
Driver 2
Driver 3
Driver 4
Driver 5

25,0
24,8
26,1
24,1
24,0

Car A
25,4
24,8
26,3
24,4
23,6

25,2
24,5
26,2
24,4
24,1

Automobile
Car B
24,0 24,4 23,9
23,5 23,8 23,8
24,6 24,9 24,9
23,9 24,0 23,8
24,4 24,4 24,1

25,9
25,2
25,7
24,0
25,1

Car C
25,8
25,0
25,9
23,6
25,2

25,4
25,4
25,5
23,5
25,3

7) An engineer suspects that the surface finish of metal parts is influenced by the type of
paint used and the drying time. He selected, according to the table below, three drying
times and two types of paint. Three parts are tested with each combination of paint type
and drying time. State and test the appropriate hypotheses using Anova and = 5%.
8) An experiment describes an investigation about the effect of two factors (glass type and
phosphor type) on the brightness of a television tube. The response variable measured is
the current (in microamps) necessary to obtain a specified brightness level. Considering a
= 5% , carry out the Anova calculations and discuss your findings.

Question 7

Question 8

20
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 6 - ANOVA/ANCOVA (MLTIPLOS FATORES)

1) A soft drink distributor is studying the effectiveness of delivery methods. Three

different types of hand trucks have been developed, and an experiment is performed in the
companys methods engineering laboratory. The variable of interest is the delivery time in
minutes (y); however, this response is also strongly related to the case volume delivered
(x). Each hand truck is used four times and the data are stored in the following table. Using
= 5%, analyze these data and draw appropriate conclusions.

Type I
y
27
44
33
41

x
24
40
35
40

Hand Truck Type

Type II
y
x
25
26
35
32
46
42
26
25

Type III
y
40
22
53
18

x
38
26
50
20

2) Three different machines produce a monofilament fiber for a textile company. The
process engineer is interested in determining if there is a difference in the breaking strength
of the fiber produced by the three machines. However, the strength of a fiber is related to
its diameter, with thicker fibers being generally stronger than thinner ones. A random
sample of five fiber specimens is selected from each machine. The fiber strength (y) and
the corresponding diameter (x) for each specimen are shown in the following table. Using
= 5%, analyze these data and draw your conclusions.
Breaking Strength Data (y = strength in pounds and x = diameter in 10-4 inches).
Machine I
Machine II
Machine III
y
x
y
x
y
x
36
20
40
22
35
21
41
25
48
28
37
23
39
24
39
22
42
26
42
25
45
30
34
21
49
32
44
28
32
15
3) An engineer is studying the effect of cutting speed on the rate of metal removal in a
machining operation. However, the rate of metal removal is also related to the hardness of
the test specimen. Five observations are taken at each cutting speed. The amount of metal
removed (y) and the hardness of the specimen (x) are shown in the following table.
Analyze the data using an analysis of covariance and = 5%.

1000
y
68
90
98
77
88

x
120
140
150
125
136

Cutting Speed (rpm)

1200
y
x
112
165
94
140
65
120
74
125
85
133

1400
y
118
82
73
92
80

x
175
132
124
141
130

21
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

4) The quality control department of a fabric finishing plant is studying the effect of
several factors on the dyeing of cotton-synthetic cloth used to manufacture mens shirts.
Three operators, three cycle times, and two temperatures were selected, and three small
specimens of cloth were dyed each set of conditions. The finished cloth was compared to a
standard, and a numerical score was assigned. Analyze the following data and draw
conclusions.

5) The percentage of hardwood concentration in raw pulp, the vat pressure, and the
cooking time of the pulp are being investigated for their effects on the strength of paper.
Three levels of hardwood concentration, three levels of pressure, and two cooking times
are selected. A factorial experiment with two replicates is conducted, and the following
data are obtained. Write your findings.

22
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

Captulo 7 CORRELAO E REGRESSO

1) The electric power consumed each month by a chemical plant is thought to be related to
the average ambient temperature (x1), the number of days in the month (x2), the average
product purity (x3), and the tons of product produced (x4). The past historical data are
available and are presented in the table 1:

Table 1

Table 2

2) A study was performed on wear of a bearing y and its relationship to the oil viscosity
(x1) and the load (x2). The data in table 2 were obtained. Fit a multiple linear regression
model and an interaction model to these data and predict the wear when x1 = 25 and x2 =
1000.
3) The production manager of a company was interested in estimating the mathematical
relationship between the number of electronic assemblies produced during an eight-hour
shift and the average cost per assembly. This function would then be used to estimate cost
for various production order bids and to determine the production level that would
minimize average cost. According to the data below, build a linear and a quadratic model
to mean cost per unit.
Mean Cost per
Unit (y)
5,11
4,42
4,07
3,52
3,33
3,44
3,77
4,07
4,28

S
R-Sq
R-Sq(adj)

5,0

0,126875
96,2%
94,9%

4,5

Number of
Units (x)
100
210
290
415
509
613
697
806
908

4,0

3,5

100

200

300

400

500
x

600

700

800

900

23
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

4) (Cobb-Douglas): A company began producing small fishing boats in the early 1970s.
The production method uses a workstation with a set of jigs and power tools that can be
operated by a varying number of workers. Over the years the number of workstations
(units of capital) and the workforce has grown to meet the demand for boats. To expand
the sales the company needs to know how much the number of workstations and
employees must be increased to achieve a higher level of production. Use an exponential
Cobb-Douglas model to solve the problem, considering the data below.
Year
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983

K
1,0
1,2
1,2
1,1
2,0
3,0
4,0
4,5

L
2,0
2,1
2,7
3,0
3,1
3,6
4,0
6,0

Y
40
45
52
57
65
75
86
95

Year
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991

K
4,5
4,5
4,1
6,0
8,1
7,9
11,0
12,0

L
7,1
8,5
8,9
10,0
13,9
16,1
14,0
14,0

Y
100
130
161
215
260
265
275
282

Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

K
13,2
14,0
14,8
15,0
16,0
16,0
17,0
17,0

L
15,6
17,0
18,0
20,9
21,0
21,4
21,8
22,1

Y
300
340
370
405
430
440
460
472

5) In economics the demand function has an exponential form Q = 0 P 1 , where Q is the

quantity demanded and P is the price per unit of the goods produced. According to the
historical data below, adjust an exponential model to the demand.
Price
Demand

5,5
420,0

6,0
380,0

6,5
350,0

6,0
400,0

5,0
440,0

6,5
380,0

4,5
450,0

5,0
420,0

6) The following data shows the cooling temperatures (y) of a freshly brewed cup of coffee
after it is poured from the brewing pot into a serving cup. The brewing pot temperature is
approximately 180 F. Determine an exponential regression model equation to represent
this data in function of cooling time (x).
x
y

0
179,5

5
8
11
15
18
22
25
30
34
38
42
45
50
168,7 158,1 149,2 141,7 134,6 125,4 123,5 116,3 113,2 109,1 105,7 102,2 100,5

7) (Lagged Values): The following data shows the private consumption (y) and the
disposable income (x) in a country. Using these data, estimate the above mentioned
models.
a) ( yt ) = 0 + 1 ( xt ) + 2 ( xt 1 ) ; b) log( yt ) = 0 + 1 log( xt ) + 2 log(xt 1 ) .
y
x
y
x
y
x

170
179
360
377
580
731

181
195
394
421
618
773

196
204
404
434
652
827

213
216
427
453
663
856

233
247
462
495
693
901

252
264
491
541
761
978

267
285
527
596
831
1093

278
307
554
623
919
1206

333
343
557
656
1003
1296

336
359
564
695

24
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

TABELAS

25
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

( x ) =

1
2

e t dt
22

(x)

x
-3,10
-3,09
-3,08
-3,07
-3,06
-3,05
-3,04
-3,03
-3,02
-3,01
-3,00
-2,99
-2,98
-2,97
-2,96
-2,95
-2,94
-2,93
-2,92
-2,91
-2,90
-2,89
-2,88
-2,87
-2,86
-2,85
-2,84
-2,83
-2,82
-2,81
-2,80
-2,79
-2,78
-2,77
-2,76
-2,75
-2,74
-2,73
-2,72
-2,71
-2,70
-2,69
-2,68
-2,67
-2,66
-2,65
-2,64
-2,63
-2,62
-2,61
-2,60
-2,59
-2,58
-2,57
-2,56
-2,55

x
-0,30
-0,29

(x)

0,382089
0,385908

(x)

x
-2,54
-2,53
-2,52
-2,51
-2,50
-2,49
-2,48
-2,47
-2,46
-2,45
-2,44
-2,43
-2,42
-2,41
-2,40
-2,39
-2,38
-2,37
-2,36
-2,35
-2,34
-2,33
-2,32
-2,31
-2,30
-2,29
-2,28
-2,27
-2,26
-2,25
-2,24
-2,23
-2,22
-2,21
-2,20
-2,19
-2,18
-2,17
-2,16
-2,15
-2,14
-2,13
-2,12
-2,11
-2,10
-2,09
-2,08
-2,07
-2,06
-2,05
-2,04
-2,03
-2,02
-2,01
-2,00
-1,99

0,000968
0,001001
0,001035
0,001070
0,001107
0,001144
0,001183
0,001223
0,001264
0,001306
0,001350
0,001395
0,001441
0,001489
0,001538
0,001589
0,001641
0,001695
0,001750
0,001807
0,001866
0,001926
0,001988
0,002052
0,002118
0,002186
0,002256
0,002327
0,002401
0,002477
0,002555
0,002635
0,002718
0,002803
0,002890
0,002980
0,003072
0,003167
0,003264
0,003364
0,003467
0,003573
0,003681
0,003793
0,003907
0,004025
0,004145
0,004269
0,004396
0,004527
0,004661
0,004799
0,004940
0,005085
0,005234
0,005386

x
0,38
0,39

(x)

0,648027
0,651732

(x)

x
-1,98
-1,97
-1,96
-1,95
-1,94
-1,93
-1,92
-1,91
-1,90
-1,89
-1,88
-1,87
-1,86
-1,85
-1,84
-1,83
-1,82
-1,81
-1,80
-1,79
-1,78
-1,77
-1,76
-1,75
-1,74
-1,73
-1,72
-1,71
-1,70
-1,69
-1,68
-1,67
-1,66
-1,65
-1,64
-1,63
-1,62
-1,61
-1,60
-1,59
-1,58
-1,57
-1,56
-1,55
-1,54
-1,53
-1,52
-1,51
-1,50
-1,49
-1,48
-1,47
-1,46
-1,45
-1,44
-1,43

0,005543
0,005703
0,005868
0,006037
0,006210
0,006387
0,006569
0,006756
0,006947
0,007143
0,007344
0,007549
0,007760
0,007976
0,008198
0,008424
0,008656
0,008894
0,009137
0,009387
0,009642
0,009903
0,010170
0,010444
0,010724
0,011011
0,011304
0,011604
0,011911
0,012224
0,012545
0,012874
0,013209
0,013553
0,013903
0,014262
0,014629
0,015003
0,015386
0,015778
0,016177
0,016586
0,017003
0,017429
0,017864
0,018309
0,018763
0,019226
0,019699
0,020182
0,020675
0,021178
0,021692
0,022216
0,022750
0,023295

x
1,06
1,07

(x)

0,855428
0,857690

(x)

0,023852
0,024419
0,024998
0,025588
0,026190
0,026803
0,027429
0,028067
0,028717
0,029379
0,030054
0,030742
0,031443
0,032157
0,032884
0,033625
0,034379
0,035148
0,035930
0,036727
0,037538
0,038364
0,039204
0,040059
0,040929
0,041815
0,042716
0,043633
0,044565
0,045514
0,046479
0,047460
0,048457
0,049471
0,050503
0,051551
0,052616
0,053699
0,054799
0,055917
0,057053
0,058208
0,059380
0,060571
0,061780
0,063008
0,064256
0,065522
0,066807
0,068112
0,069437
0,070781
0,072145
0,073529
0,074934
0,076359

-1,42
-1,41
-1,40
-1,39
-1,38
-1,37
-1,36
-1,35
-1,34
-1,33
-1,32
-1,31
-1,30
-1,29
-1,28
-1,27
-1,26
-1,25
-1,24
-1,23
-1,22
-1,21
-1,20
-1,19
-1,18
-1,17
-1,16
-1,15
-1,14
-1,13
-1,12
-1,11
-1,10
-1,09
-1,08
-1,07
-1,06
-1,05
-1,04
-1,03
-1,02
-1,01
-1,00
-0,99
-0,98
-0,97
-0,96
-0,95
-0,94
-0,93
-0,92
-0,91
-0,90
-0,89
-0,88
-0,87

x
1,74
1,75

(x)

0,959071
0,959941

(x)

0,077804
0,079270
0,080757
0,082264
0,083793
0,085344
0,086915
0,088508
0,090123
0,091759
0,093418
0,095098
0,096801
0,098525
0,100273
0,102042
0,103835
0,105650
0,107488
0,109349
0,111233
0,113140
0,115070
0,117023
0,119000
0,121001
0,123024
0,125072
0,127143
0,129238
0,131357
0,133500
0,135666
0,137857
0,140071
0,142310
0,144572
0,146859
0,149170
0,151505
0,153864
0,156248
0,158655
0,161087
0,163543
0,166023
0,168528
0,171056
0,173609
0,176186
0,178786
0,181411
0,184060
0,186733
0,189430
0,192150

-0,86
-0,85
-0,84
-0,83
-0,82
-0,81
-0,80
-0,79
-0,78
-0,77
-0,76
-0,75
-0,74
-0,73
-0,72
-0,71
-0,70
-0,69
-0,68
-0,67
-0,66
-0,65
-0,64
-0,63
-0,62
-0,61
-0,60
-0,59
-0,58
-0,57
-0,56
-0,55
-0,54
-0,53
-0,52
-0,51
-0,50
-0,49
-0,48
-0,47
-0,46
-0,45
-0,44
-0,43
-0,42
-0,41
-0,40
-0,39
-0,38
-0,37
-0,36
-0,35
-0,34
-0,33
-0,32
-0,31

x
2,42
2,43

0,194894
0,197663
0,200454
0,203269
0,206108
0,208970
0,211855
0,214764
0,217695
0,220650
0,223627
0,226627
0,229650
0,232695
0,235762
0,238852
0,241964
0,245097
0,248252
0,251429
0,254627
0,257846
0,261086
0,264347
0,267629
0,270931
0,274253
0,277595
0,280957
0,284339
0,287740
0,291160
0,294599
0,298056
0,301532
0,305026
0,308538
0,312067
0,315614
0,319178
0,322758
0,326335
0,329969
0,333598
0,337243
0,340903
0,344578
0,348268
0,351973
0,355691
0,359424
0,363169
0,366928
0,370700
0,374484
0,378281

(x)

0,992240
0,992451

26
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

(x)

x
-0,28
-0,27
-0,26
-0,25
-0,24
-0,23
-0,22
-0,21
-0,20
-0,19
-0,18
-0,17
-0,16
-0,15
-0,14
-0,13
-0,12
-0,11
-0,10
-0,09
-0,08
-0,07
-0,06
-0,05
-0,04
-0,03
-0,02
-0,01
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,10
0,11
0,12
0,13
0,14
0,15
0,16
0,17
0,18
0,19
0,20
0,21
0,22
0,23
0,24
0,25
0,26
0,27
0,28
0,29
0,30
0,31
0,32
0,33
0,34
0,35
0,36
0,37

0,389739
0,393580
0,397432
0,401294
0,405165
0,409046
0,412936
0,416834
0,420740
0,424655
0,428576
0,432505
0,436441
0,440382
0,444330
0,448283
0,452242
0,456205
0,460172
0,464144
0,468119
0,472097
0,476078
0,480061
0,484047
0,488034
0,492022
0,496011
0,500000
0,503989
0,507978
0,511967
0,515953
0,519939
0,523922
0,527903
0,531881
0,535856
0,539828
0,543795
0,547758
0,551717
0,555670
0,559618
0,563559
0,567495
0,571424
0,575345
0,579260
0,583166
0,587064
0,590954
0,594835
0,598706
0,602568
0,606420
0,610261
0,614092
0,617911
0,621719
0,625516
0,629300
0,633072
0,636831
0,640576
0,644309

(x)

x
0,40
0,41
0,42
0,43
0,44
0,45
0,46
0,47
0,48
0,49
0,50
0,51
0,52
0,53
0,54
0,55
0,56
0,57
0,58
0,59
0,60
0,61
0,62
0,63
0,64
0,65
0,66
0,67
0,68
0,69
0,70
0,71
0,72
0,73
0,74
0,75
0,76
0,77
0,78
0,79
0,80
0,81
0,82
0,83
0,84
0,85
0,86
0,87
0,88
0,89
0,90
0,91
0,92
0,93
0,94
0,95
0,96
0,97
0,98
0,99
1,00
1,01
1,02
1,03
1,04
1,05

0,655422
0,659097
0,662757
0,666402
0,670031
0,673645
0,677242
0,680822
0,684386
0,687933
0,691462
0,694974
0,698468
0,701944
0,705401
0,708840
0,712260
0,715661
0,719043
0,722405
0,725747
0,729069
0,732371
0,735653
0,738914
0,742154
0,745373
0,748571
0,751748
0,754903
0,758036
0,761148
0,764238
0,767305
0,770350
0,773373
0,776373
0,779350
0,782305
0,785236
0,788145
0,791030
0,793892
0,796731
0,799546
0,802337
0,805106
0,807850
0,810570
0,813267
0,815940
0,818589
0,821214
0,823814
0,826391
0,828944
0,831472
0,833977
0,836457
0,838913
0,841345
0,843752
0,846136
0,848495
0,850830
0,853141

(x)

x
1,08
1,09
1,10
1,11
1,12
1,13
1,14
1,15
1,16
1,17
1,18
1,19
1,20
1,21
1,22
1,23
1,24
1,25
1,26
1,27
1,28
1,29
1,30
1,31
1,32
1,33
1,34
1,35
1,36
1,37
1,38
1,39
1,40
1,41
1,42
1,43
1,44
1,45
1,46
1,47
1,48
1,49
1,50
1,51
1,52
1,53
1,54
1,55
1,56
1,57
1,58
1,59
1,60
1,61
1,62
1,63
1,64
1,65
1,66
1,67
1,68
1,69
1,70
1,71
1,72
1,73

0,859929
0,862143
0,868334
0,866500
0,868643
0,870762
0,872857
0,874928
0,876976
0,878999
0,881000
0,882977
0,884930
0,886860
0,888767
0,890651
0,892512
0,894350
0,896165
0,897958
0,899727
0,901475
0,903199
0,904902
0,906582
0,908241
0,909877
0,911492
0,913085
0,914657
0,916207
0,917736
0,919243
0,920730
0,922196
0,923641
0,925066
0,926471
0,927855
0,929219
0,930563
0,931888
0,933193
0,934478
0,935744
0,936992
0,938220
0,939429
0,940620
0,941792
0,942947
0,944083
0,945201
0,946301
0,947384
0,948449
0,949497
0,950529
0,951543
0,952540
0,953521
0,954486
0,955435
0,956367
0,957284
0,958185

(x)

x
1,76
1,77
1,78
1,79
1,80
1,81
1,82
1,83
1,84
1,85
1,86
1,87
1,88
1,89
1,90
1,91
1,92
1,93
1,94
1,95
1,96
1,97
1,98
1,99
2,00
2,01
2,02
2,03
2,04
2,05
2,06
2,07
2,08
2,09
2,10
2,11
2,12
2,13
2,14
2,15
2,16
2,17
2,18
2,19
2,20
2,21
2,22
2,23
2,24
2,25
2,26
2,27
2,28
2,29
2,30
2,31
2,32
2,33
2,34
2,35
2,36
2,37
2,38
2,39
2,40
2,41

0,960796
0,961636
0,962462
0,963273
0,964070
0,964852
0,965621
0,966375
0,967116
0,967843
0,968557
0,969258
0,969946
0,970621
0,971283
0,971933
0,972571
0,973197
0,973810
0,974412
0,975002
0,975581
0,976148
0,976705
0,977250
0,977784
0,978308
0,978822
0,979325
0,979818
0,980301
0,980774
0,981237
0,981691
0,982136
0,982571
0,982997
0,983414
0,983823
0,984222
0,984614
0,984997
0,985371
0,985738
0,986097
0,986447
0,986791
0,987126
0,987455
0,987776
0,988089
0,988396
0,988696
0,988989
0,989276
0,989556
0,989830
0,990097
0,990358
0,990613
0,990863
0,991106
0,991344
0,991576
0,991802
0,992024

(x)

x
2,44
2,45
2,46
2,47
2,48
2,49
2,50
2,51
2,52
2,53
2,54
2,55
2,56
2,57
2,58
2,59
2,60
2,61
2,62
2,63
2,64
2,65
2,66
2,67
2,68
2,69
2,70
2,71
2,72
2,73
2,74
2,75
2,76
2,77
2,78
2,79
2,80
2,81
2,82
2,83
2,84
2,85
2,86
2,87
2,88
2,89
2,90
2,91
2,92
2,93
2,94
2,95
2,96
2,97
2,98
2,99
3,00
3,01
3,02
3,03
3,04
3,05
3,06
3,07
3,08
3,09

0,992656
0,993857
0,993053
0,993244
0,993431
0,993613
0,993790
0,994963
0,994132
0,994297
0,994457
0,994614
0,994766
0,995915
0,995060
0,995201
0,995339
0,995473
0,995604
0,995731
0,995855
0,996975
0,996093
0,996207
0,996319
0,996427
0,996533
0,996636
0,996736
0,996833
0,996928
0,997020
0,997110
0,997197
0,997282
0,997365
0,997445
0,997523
0,997599
0,997673
0,997744
0,997814
0,997882
0,997948
0,998012
0,998074
0,998134
0,998193
0,998250
0,998305
0,998359
0,998411
0,998462
0,998511
0,998559
0,998605
0,998650
0,998694
0,998736
0,998777
0,998817
0,998856
0,998893
0,998930
0,998965
0,998999

27
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

1
2
3
4
5

1,000
0,816
0,765
0,741
0,727

3,078
1,886
1,638
1,533
1,476

6,314
2,920
2,353
2,132
2,015

0,025
12,706
4,303
3,182
2,776
2,571

6
7
8
9
10

0,718
0,711
0,706
0,703
0,700

1,440
1,415
1,397
1,383
1,372

1,943
1,895
1,860
1,833
1,812

2,447
2,365
2,306
2,262
2,228

3,143
2,998
2,896
2,821
2,764

3,707
3,499
3,355
3,250
3,169

11
12
13
14
15

0,697
0,695
0,694
0,692
0,691

1,363
1,356
1,350
1,345
1,341

1,796
1,782
1,771
1,761
1,753

2,201
2,179
2,160
2,145
2,131

2,718
2,681
2,650
2,624
2,602

3,106
3,055
3,012
2,977
2,947

16
17
18
19
20

0,690
0,689
0,688
0,688
0,687

1,337
1,333
1,330
1,328
1,325

1,746
1,740
1,734
1,729
1,725

2,120
2,110
2,101
2,093
2,086

2,583
2,567
2,552
2,539
2,528

2,921
2,898
2,878
2,861
2,845

21
22
23
24
25

0,686
0,686
0,685
0,685
0,684

1,323
1,321
1,319
1,318
1,316

1,721
1,717
1,714
1,711
1,708

2,080
2,074
2,069
2,064
2,060

2,518
2,508
2,500
2,492
2,485

2,831
2,819
2,807
2,797
2,787

26
27
28
29
30

0,684
0,684
0,683
0,683
0,683

1,315
1,314
1,313
1,311
1,310

1,706
1,703
1,701
1,699
1,697

2,056
2,052
2,048
2,045
2,042

2,479
2,473
2,467
2,462
2,457

2,779
2,771
2,763
2,756
2,750

40
60
120

0,681
0,679
0,677
0,674

1,303
1,296
1,289
1,282

1,684
1,671
1,658
1,645

2,021
2,000
1,980
1,960

2,423
2,390
2,358
2,326

2,704
2,660
2,617
2,576

v
g. l.

0,25

0,10

0,05

0,01
31,821
6,965
4,541
3,747
3,365

0,005
63,657
9,925
5,841
4,604
4,032

28
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

2
g. l.

0,050
3,84146
5,99147
7,81473
9,48773
11,0705

0,025
5,02389
7,37776
9,34840
11,1433
12,8325

0,010
6,63490
9,21034
11,3449
13,2767
15,0863

0,005
7,87944
10,5966
12,8381
14,8602
16,7496

1,63539
2,16735
2,73264
3,32511
3,94030

12,5916
14,0671
15,5073
16,9190
18,3070

14,4494
16,0128
17,5346
19,0228
20,4831

16,8119
18,4753
20,0902
21,6660
23,2093

18,5476
20,2777
21,9550
23,5893
25,1882

3,81575
4,40379
5,00874
5,62872
6,26214

4,57481
5,22603
5,89186
6,57063
7,26094

19,6751
21,0261
22,3621
23,6848
24,9958

21,9200
23,3367
24,7356
26,1190
27,4884

24,7250
26,2170
27,6883
29,1413
30,5779

26,7569
28,2995
29,8194
31,3193
32,8013

6,90766
7,56418
8,23075
8,90655
9,59083

7,96164
8,67176
9,39046
10,1170
10,8508

26,2962
27,5871
28,8693
30,1435
31,4104

28,8454
30,1910
31,5264
32,8523
34,1696

31,9999
33,4087
34,8053
36,1908
37,5662

34,2672
35,7185
37,1564
38,5822
39,9968

10,2829
10,9823
11,6885
12,4011
13,1197

11,5913
12,3380
13,0905
13,8484
14,6114

32,6705
33,9244
35,1725
36,4151
37,6525

35,4789
36,7807
38,0757
39,3641
40,6465

38,9321
40,2894
41,6384
42,9798
44,3141

41,4010
42,7956
44,1813
45,5585
46,9278

12,1981
12,8786
13,5648
14,2565
14,9535

13,8439
14,5733
15,3079
16,0471
16,7908

15,3791
16,1513
16,9279
17,7083
18,4926

38,8852
40,1133
41,3372
42,5569
43,7729

41,9232
43,1944
44,4607
45,7222
46,9792

45,6417
46,9630
48,2782
49,5879
50,8922

48,2899
49,6449
50,9933
52,3356
53,6720

20,7065
27,9907
35,5346
43,2752
51,1720

22,1643
29,7067
37,4848
45,4418
53,5400

24,4331
32,3574
40,4817
48,7576
57,1532

26,5093
34,7642
43,1879
51,7393
60,3915

55,7585
67,5048
79,0819
90,5312
101,879

59,3417
71,4202
83,2976
95,0231
106,629

63,6907
76,1539
88,3794
100,425
112,329

66,7659
74,4900
91,9517
104,215
116,321

59,1963
67,3276

61,7541
70,0648

65,6466
74,2219

69,1260
77,9295

113,145
124,342

118,136
129,561

124,116
135,807

128,299
140,169

1
2
3
4
5

0,995
0,00004
0,01003
0,07172
0,20699
0,41174

0,990
0,00016
0,02010
0,11483
0,29711
0,55430

0,975
0,00098
0,05064
0,21580
0,48442
0,83121

0,950
0,00393
0,10259
0,35185
0,71072
1,14548

6
7
8
9
10

0,67573
0,98927
1,34419
1,73493
2,15585

0,87209
1,23904
1,64648
2,08791
2,55821

1,23735
1,68987
2,17973
2,70039
2,42697

11
12
13
14
15

2,60321
3,07382
3,56503
4,07468
4,60094

3,05347
3,57056
4,10691
4,66043
5,22935

16
17
18
19
20

5,14224
5,69724
6,26481
6,84398
7,43386

5,81221
6,40776
7,01491
7,63273
8,26040

21
22
23
24
25

8,03386
8,64272
9,26042
9,88623
10,5197

8,89720
9,54249
10,1957
10,8564
11,5240

26
27
28
29
30

11,1603
11,8076
12,4613
13,1211
13,7867

40
50
60
70
80
90
100

29
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.

30
EPR503 Exerccios e Tabelas.