#### Engenheria florestal – introdução dos conceitos computacionais e

Algoritmo
#### Prof: Murilo Barros
#### Componentes : Andressa dos Santos, Calyne Bianca da Silva, Guilherme
Medeiros, Pedro Lucas Oliveira Sousa.

######Atividade Avaliativa######

# 1) Determine a matriz A = (aij)3x3 tal que aij = i – j.

# Vamos montar o projeto de uma matriz 3x3 (Teoria do Ensino Médio)
# | a11 a12 a13 |
# | a21 a22 a23 |
# | a31 a32 a33 |
# temos então todos os aij da matriz
# Como aij = i-j, vamos contruir um vetor da seguinte forma:
V1 = c(a11= 1-1, a21 = 2-1, a31 = 3-1, a12 = 1-2, a22 = 2-2, a32 = 3-2,
a13 = 1-3, a23 = 2-3, a33 = 3-3)
# Agora elaboramos a Matriz solicitada:
A = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
########################################################################
#2) Construa as seguintes matrizes:
# A = (aij)3x3 tal que aij ={1, se i=j
# {0, se i≠j
#a)
V2a = c(a11= 1-0, a21 = 0-0, a31 = 0-0, a12 = 0-0, a22 = 1-0, a32 = 0-0,
a13 = 0-0, a23 = 0-0, a33 = 1-0)
# Agora elaboramos a Matriz solicitada:
A2a = matrix(V2a, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Responder no console "A2a"
#2) Construa as seguintes matrizes:
# B = (bij)3x3 tal que bij ={i+2j, se i≠j
# {i-3j,se i"=j
# b)
V2b = c(a11= 1 -3*1, a21 = 2+2*1, a31 = 3+2*1, a12 = 1+2*2, a22 = 2-3*2,
a32 = 3+2*2, a13 = 1+2*3, a23 = 2+2*3, a33 = 3-3*3)
# Agora elaboramos a Matriz solicitada:
A2b = matrix(V2b, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Responder no conlose "A2b"
#########################################################################
###################
# 3) Construa a matriz A = (aij)3x2 tal que aij {1,se i=j
# {i^2,se i≠j
V3 = c(a11= 1, a21 = 2^2, a31 = 3^2, a12 = 1^2, a22 = 1, a32 = 3^2)
# Agora elaboramos a Matriz solicitada:
A3 = matrix(V3, ncol = 2, nrow = 3)
# Responder questão 3 "A3"
#########################################################################
####################
#4) Seja a matriz A = (aij)3x4 tal que aij ={i+j,se" i"=j então a22 +
a34 é igual a:
# {2i-2j," i"≠j
# matriz 3x4
# |a11 a12 a13 a14|
# |a21 a22 a23 a24|
# |a31 a32 a33 a34|
V4 = c(a11 = 1+1, a21 = 2*2 - 2*1, a31 = 2*3 - 2*1, a12 = 2*1 - 2*2, a22
= 2+2, a32 = 2*3 - 2*2, a13 = 2*1 - 2*3, a23 = 2*2 - 2*3, a33 = 3+3, a14
= 2*1 - 2*4, a24 = 2*2 - 2*4, a34 = 2*3 - 2*4)
# Agora elaboramos a Matriz solicitada:
A4 = matrix(V4, ncol = 4, nrow = 3)
# Resposta da 4 "A4"
#########################################################################
#########################
# 5) Determine a soma dos elementos da 3º coluna da matriz A = (aij)3x3
tal que aij = 4 + 3i –i.
# primeiro faz a matriz
V5 = c(a11 = 4 + 3*1 - 1, a21 = 4+ 3*2 - 1, a31 = 4+ 3*3 - 1, a12 =4 +
3*1 - 2, a22 = 4+ 3*2 - 2, a32 = 4+ 3*3 - 2, a13 = 4 + 3*1 - 3, a23 = 4+
3*2 - 3, a33 = 4+ 3*3 - 3)
# Agora elaboramos a Matriz solicitada:
A5 = matrix(V5, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Logo, a soma de seus elementos será a seguinte : 10 + 8 + 6 = 24
#########################################################################
########################
# 6) Determine a soma dos elementos da diagonal principal com os
elementos da diagonal secundária da matriz A = (aij)3x3.
#aij = 4 + 3i-i
a11 = 4 + 3 - 1
a22 = 4 + 6 - 2
a33 = 4 + 9 - 3
a13 = 4 + 3 - 3
a31 = 4 + 9 - 1
S6 = 6 + 2 * 8 + 10 + 4 + 12
# basta agora escrever "print(S6)".
#########################################################################
#######
# 7) questão
# Em a_{23} teremos j>i, dessa forma: a_{23}=2+3=5
# Além disso a_{34} teremos j>i, dessa forma a_{34}=3+4=7.
# Por fim a soma será: a_{23}+a_{34}=5+7=12
# Dado os respectivos valores.
a23 = 2+3
a34 = 3+4
S7 = a23 + a34
#########################################################################
#######
# 8) Seja a matriz A = (aij)5x5 tal que aij = 5i – 3j. Determine a soma
dos elementos da diagonal principal dessa matriz.
#Elementos da diagonal principal da Matriz 5x5 = a1,1; a2,2; a3,3; a4,4;
a5,5.
#Equação para determinar os valores de acordo com a sua linha e coluna:
# 5i - 3j = aij
# Substituindo:
a11 = 5*1 - 3*1
a22 = 5*2 - 3*2
a33 = 5*3 - 3*3
a44 = 5*4 - 3*4
a55 = 5*5 - 3*5
#Então a soma seria:
S8 = a11 + a22 + a33 + a44 + a55
#########################################################################
#######
# 9) Determine a soma dos elementos da matriz linha (1x5) que obedece a
lei: aij = 2i2 – 7j.
# baseado nisso
# temos:
a11=2-7
a12=2-14
a13=2-21
a14=2-28
a15=2-35
S9 = a11 + a12 + a13 + a14 + a15
#########################################################################
#######
# 10 Questão
# Para que a e b sejam iguais seus componentes têm que ser iguais:
# a + 4 = 2a
# 4 = 2a - a
a = 4
# Agora vamos fazer a matriz para achar o valor de b, lembrando que na
diagonal principal (esquerda para a direita) multiplica os termos e
mantém o sinal. Já na diagonal secundária inverte o sinal.
# 56 - 10b^3 = 56 - 10b
# 10b^3 - 10b = 0
# 10b(b^2 - 1) = 0
# Para que essa equação seja verdadeira:
# 10b = 0
# b = 0
# b^2 - 1 = 0
# b = 1
#########################################################################
#######
# Questão 11
V11 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 3, a31 = 4, a12 = -1, a22 = 0, a32 = 2)
A11 = matrix(V11, ncol = 2, nrow = 3)
V11t = c(a11 = -2, a21 = 0, a31 = 7, a12 = -1, a22 = 8, a32 = 5)
B11 = matrix(V11t, ncol = 2, nrow = 3)
# Para fazer a soma, basta "A11 + B11" no console.
#########################################################################
#######
#12 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 0, a21 = 2, a12 = 3, a22 = -5)
#2x2
A12 = matrix(1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz B
V2 = c(a11 = -2, a21 = 0, a12 = 4, a22 = -1)
B12 = matrix(V2, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz C
V3 = c(a11 = 4, a21 = -6, a12 = 2, a22 = 0)
C12 = matrix(V3, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Para responder as alternativas, basta digitar no console:
# a) A12 + B12
# b) A12 + C12
# c) A12 + B12 + C12
#########################################################################
#######
# 13 Questão.
# Dada a matriz A
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = 2, a31 = 0, a12 = -1, a22 = 3, a32 = 1, a13 = 0,
a23 = 4 , a33 = -2)
#3x3
A13 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# temos a matriz A, para conseguimos a matriz At, basta somar a mesma.
# então digite "A13+A13" no console
#########################################################################
#######
# 14 Questão;
# A = (aij)1x3 tal que aij = 2i – j
# B = (bij)1x3 tal que bij = -i + j + 1
# Matriz A
# 2i - j
V1 = c(a11 = 2*1-1, a21 = 2*2-1, a31 = 2*3-1)
A14 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 1)
# Matriz B
# -i + j + 1
V2 = c(a11 = -1+1+1, a21 = -2+1+1, a31 = -3+1+1)
B14 = matrix(V2, ncol = 3, nrow = 1)
# Resposta "A14 + A14"
#########################################################################
#######
# Questão 15
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = -3, a12 = 1, a22 = 4)
#2x2
A15 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz B
V2 = c(a11 = 0, a21 = 2, a12 = -1, a22 = 5)
B15 = matrix(V2, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz C
V3 = c(a11 = 3, a21 = 6, a12 = 0, a22 = 1)
C15 = matrix(V3, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Para responder as alternativas, basta digitar no console:
# a) A15 – B15 b) A15 – B15 – C15
#########################################################################
#######
# 16 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 0, a21 = 6, a12 = 4, a22 = 2, a13 =-2, a23 =8)
#3x2
A16 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 2)
# Matriz B
V2 = c(a11 = -3, a21 = 12, a12 = 6, a22 = -6, a13 = 9, a23 = 0)
B16 = matrix(V2, ncol = 3, nrow = 2)
# Matriz C
V3 = c(a11 = 0, a21 = 1, a12 = -1, a22 = -1, a13 = 0, a23 = 2)
C16 = matrix(V3, ncol = 3, nrow = 2)
# Para fazer os calculos basta digita no console:
# a) 2*A16-B16+3*C exatamente assim
# b) 1/2 * A16 - (1/3 * B16 + C16) parece complicado, mas é um
programa :)
#########################################################################
#######
# 17 Questão;
# a)
# Matriz 1
V1 = c(a11 = 5, a21 = -1, a12 = -3, a22 = 4)
A17 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz 2
V2 = c(a11 = 3, a21 = -2)
B17 = matrix(V2, ncol = 1, nrow = 1)
#Resposta: Digite "A17 * B17" no console para obter o calculo.
# b)
# Matriz 3
V3 = c(a11 = 5, a21 = -1, a12 = 2, a22 = 4)
C17 = matrix(V3, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz 4
V4 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 0, a12 = -1, a22 = 3)
D17 = matrix(V4, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Resposta: Digite "C17 * D17" no console para obter o calculo.
# c)
# Matriz 5
V5 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = 1, a32 = 0, a12 = 0, a22 = 1, a32 = 1, a13 = 0, a23
= 0, a33 = 1)
E17 = matrix(V5, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Matriz 6
V6 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 1, a32 = 2, a12 = 2, a22 = 2, a32 = 1, a13 = 1, a23
= 2, a33 = 2)
F17 = matrix(V6, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Resposta: Digite "E17 * F17" no console para obter o calculo.
#########################################################################
############
# 18 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 1, a32 = 0, a12 = -1, a22 = 0, a32 = 0, a13 = 0,
a23 = 0, a33 = 1)
A18 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Resposta: Digite "A18^2" no console para obter o calculo.
#########################################################################
##########
# 19 Questão;
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 3, a21 = 5, a12 = 2, a22 = 1)
A19 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz B
V2 = c(a11 = 3, a21 = 2, a12 = -1, a22 = 0)
B19 = matrix(V2, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz C
V3 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = 4)
C19 = matrix(V3, ncol = 1, nrow = 1)
# Resposta: Digite para responder a alternativa a) "A*B"
# para responder a b) "A19*C19" e c) "B19*C19" no console.
#########################################################################
#######
# 20 Questão;
# Considere as matrizes A = (aij) e B (bij) quadradas de ordem 2
# Sabemos que as matrizes A e B são de ordem 2, ou seja, 2x2.
# Matriz A
# aij = 3i + 4j
V1 = c(a11 = 3*1+4*1, a21 = 3*2+4*1, a12 = 3*1+4*2, a22 = 3*2+4*2)
A20 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz B
# bij = -4i – 3j
V2 = c(a11 = -4*1-3*1, a21 = -4*2-3*1, a12 = -4*1-3*2, a22 = -4*2-3*2)
B20 = matrix(V2, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Sabendo que C = A + B, logo temos que (A20+B20) = C, precisamos
calcular
# o valor de C^2, que é o mesmo que (A20+B20)^2, então basta digitar essa
# sequência "(A20 + B20)^2" no console.
#########################################################################
#######
# 21 Questão;
# Para calcular os determinantes de uma matriz no R, basta colocarmos
# a matriz no programa, e logo em seguida digitar o comando "det(matriz)"
# dentro parenteses colocamos a matriz que queremos a resposta"
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = -4, a21 = 1, a12 = 8, a22 = -3)
A21a = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# det (A21a) = 4
# Matriz B
V2 = c(a11 = 8, a21 = sqrt(3), a12 = sqrt(3), a22 = -7)
A21b = matrix(V2, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# det (A21b) = -59
# Matriz C
V3 = c(a11 = -4, a21 = -3, a31 = -1, a12 = 6, a22 = 4, a32 = 3, a13 = -9,
a23 = 6, a33 = 8)
A21c = matrix(V3, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det (A21c) = 97
#########################################################################
##################
# 22 Questão
# Matriz a
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = -3, a12 = 1, a22 = 4)
A22a = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz b
V2 = c(a11 = 21, a21 = -3, a12 = 7, a22 = 1)
A22b = matrix(V2, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz c
V3 = c(a11 = 8, a21 = sqrt(3), a12 = sqrt(3), a22 = -7)
A22c = matrix(V3, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Determine A = a^2 + b - c^2
# det(A22a^2 + A22b - A22c^2)
# det = 1233
#########################################################################
#######
# 23 Questão;
# Matriz a
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 3, a12 = 3, a22 = 4)
A23 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Determine A^2 - 2 ordem
# Digite det(A23^2 - 2*A23)
# det(A23²-2*A23) = 9*17 - 12*12
# det(A23²-2*A23) = 9
#########################################################################
#######
# 24 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 2^3, a12 = 3, a22 = 3^3)
A24 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# det(A24) = 30
#########################################################################
#######
# 25 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 4, a21 = 5, a31 = 2, a12 = -1, a22 = 7, a32 = 1, a13 = 0,
a23 = 6, a33 = 3)
A25 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A25) = -1
#########################################################################
#######
# 26 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 3, a31 = 4, a12 = 3, a22 = 4, a32 = 5, a13 = 4,
a23 = 5, a33 = 6)
A26 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Fazendo os calculos no console
# det (A26) = 0
#########################################################################
#######
# Questão 27
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 4, a12 = -1, a22 = 5)
A27 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Feito a matriz,, basta colocar no console o seguinte:
# det(A27^2/7 - 2 * A27)
# det = 34.285
#########################################################################
#######
# 28 Questão
# Matriz A
# aij = -1 + 2i + j
V1 = c(a11 = -1 + 2*1 + 1, a21 = -1 + 2*2 + 1, a12 = -1 + 2*1 + 2, a22
= -1 + 2*2 + 2)
A28 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# det (A28) = -2
#########################################################################
#######
# 29 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = -1, a31 = 0, a12 = 2, a22 = 4, a32 = 1, a13 = 3,
a23 = 5, a33 = 2)
A29 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Primeiro vamos encontrar o det(A29)
# det(A29) = 4
# Agora a matriz * 2 = 2A
# [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,] 2 4 6
# [2,] -2 8 10
# [3,] 0 2 4
# criamos o comando assim:
A29t = 2*A29
# A29t vai ser nossa matriz *2, então, det(A29t) = det(2A)
# Para calcular digite det(A29t)
# det(A29t) = 24
#Logo, temos que
# det(2A) / detA = 24/4
# det(2A) = 6 * det(A)
# Portanto a determinate de 2A é 6 vezes maior que a determinate de A.
#########################################################################
#######
# 30 Questão
# Seja A = (aij)3x3 tal que aij = i – j. Calcule det A e det At.
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 1 - 1, a21 = 2 - 1, a31 = 3 - 1, a12 = 1 - 2, a22 = 2 - 2,
a32 = 3 - 2, a13 = 1 - 3, a23 = 2 - 3, a33 = 3 - 3)
A30 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# Calculando det(A)
# det(A30) = 0
#########################################################################
#######
# 31 Quesão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = -1, a31 = -2, a12 = 0, a22 = 3, a32 = -1, a13 = 2,
a23 = 4, a33 = -7)
A31 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A31) = -3
# Matriz B
V1 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = 3, a31 = 1, a12 = 0, a22 = -4, a32 = -6, a13 = 0,
a23 = 2, a33 = -7)
B31 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(B31) = 40
#########################################################################
#######
# 32 Questão
# Matriz a
V1 = c(a11 = -3, a21 = -5, a12 = 2, a22 = 1)
A32a = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# Matriz b
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 4, a12 = 6, a22 = 10)
A32b = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# para calcular o valor de 3a + b2.
# 3*A32a + A32b*2
#########################################################################
#######
# 33 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 1, a12 = 4, a22 = 3)
A33 = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# a) det A
# det A = det(A33)
# det A = 2
#b) det A^2
# det A^2 = det(A33)^2
# det A^2 = 4
#########################################################################
#######
# 34 Questão
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 3, a21 = 4, a31 = 2, a12 = 2, a22 = 1, a32 = 3, a13 = 5, a23
= 3, a33 = 4)
A34a = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A34a) = 15
# Matriz B
V1 = c(a11 = 0, a21 = -2, a31 = 4, a12 = 3, a22 = 3, a32 = -2, a13 = 0,
a23 = 1, a33 = 5)
A34b = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A34b) = 42
# Matriz C
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 1, a31 = 4, a12 = 2, a22 = 1, a32 = 3, a13 = 0, a23
= 1, a33 = 0)
A34c = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A34c) = 2
#########################################################################
#######
# 35 Questão
# Matriz P
V1 = c(a11 = sqrt(2), a21 = sqrt(2), a31 = 0, a12 = -1, a22 = 1, a32 =
sqrt(2), a13 = 1, a23 = -1, a33 = sqrt(2))
A35 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A35^2)= 0
#########################################################################
#######
# 36 Questão
# Matriz a
V1 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = 2, a12 = 3, a22 = 2)
A36a = matrix(V1, ncol = 2, nrow = 2)
# det(A36a) = -4
# Matriz b
V2 = c(a11 = 1, a21 = 2, a31 = 1, a12 = 3, a22 = 2, a32 = 1, a13 = 1, a23
= 1, a33 = 3)
A36b = matrix(V2, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A36b) = -10
# Efetuando o calculo pedido -> a2 – 2b.
# A36ab = (det(A36a)^2) - (2*det(A36b))
# A36ab = 36
#########################################################################
#######
# 37 Questão
# Dada a matriz A abaixo, o determinante da matriz 2A é igual a:
# Matriz A
V1 = c(a11 = 2, a21 = 1, a31 = 0, a12 = 1, a22 = 1, a32 = 1, a13 = 3, a23
= 1, a33 = 4)
A37 = matrix(V1, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)
# det(A37) = 5
# 5 * 2 = 10
# a) 40.
# b) 10. (X)
# c) 18.
# d) 16.
# e) 36.
# Resposta certa é a letra b.