Preparar o exame nacional de Matemática A12: Números complexos

PREPARAR O EXAME NACIONAL – MATEMÁTICA A 12
TEMA VI: Números complexos

Exercícios de aplicação (pág. 328)
 b2 
1. z = 2a − 1 +  3 −  i
 a
b2
1.1) z é um número real se e só se 3 − = 0  a
2
 6 − b2 = 0  a 
 b =  6  a a  e b= 6
b2
1.2) z é um imaginário puro se e só se 2a − 1 = 0  3 − 0
2
 2a = 1  6 − b2  0
1
a= b 6
2
a =
1
2
e b \ − 6, 6 
2. z = −x + ( 2 − y ) i w=
1 2
(
x + 1 − 3yi)
2
z = w  −x + (2 − y ) i =
2
(
1 2
)
x + 1 − 3yi 
 −x =
1 2
2
(
x + 1  2 − y = 3y  )
 −2x = x 2 + 1  2y = −2 
 x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0  y = −1 
 ( x + 1) = 0  y = −1 
2
 x + 1 = 0  y = −1 
 x = −1  y = −1
 x = −1 e y = −1
3. P ABCD = 32
Como o perímetro do quadrado  ABCD é 32 , temos que AB = BC = CD = DA = 8 .
Como o afixo do número complexo za , o ponto A , pertence ao 4.º quadrante e pertence à bissetriz dos
quadrantes pares, A é da forma xa , − xa , xa  0 . ( )

B ( −xa , xa ) .
(x − ( − xA ) ) + ( − xA − xA ) = 8  4 ( xA ) + 4 ( xA ) = 8
2 2 2 2
Assim, AB = 8  A
1 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

 8 ( x A ) = 64  ( x A ) = 8  x A = 8 , xA  0
2 2
x A 0
 xA = 2 2
(
Assim, A 2 2, −2 2 e B −2 2,2 2 . ) ( )
Por outro lado, AB = −4 2, 4 2 e ( )

AB = 8 , logo u = 4 2,4 2 ou ( )
( )
v = −4 2, −4 2 são vetores perpendiculares
a AB e tais que u = v = 8 .
Portanto, D = A + u  D = A + v 
( ) (
 D = 2 2, −2 2 + 4 2, 4 2  D = 2 2, −2 2 + −4 2, −4 2 ) ( ) ( )
 D = (6 )
2,2 2  D = −2 2, −6 2( )
e
C =B +u D =B +v
( ) ( ) (
 C = −2 2,2 2 + 4 2, 4 2  C = −2 2,2 2 + −4 2, −4 2 ) ( )
 C = ( 2 2,6 2 )  C = ( −6 2, −2 2 )
 A ( 2 2, −2 2 ) , B ( −2 2,2 2 ) , C ( 2 2,6 2 ) e D ( 6 2,2 2 )

ou
( ) (
A 2 2, −2 2 , B −2 2,2 2 , C −6 2, −2 2 e D −2 2, −6 2 . ) ( ) ( )
4.
(
4.1. 2 1 − i − i ) 18
− 3 = 2 − 2i − i 2 − 3 = 2 − 2i − ( −1) − 3 = 2 − 2i + 1 − 3 = −2i
2 − 2i ( 2 − 2i )( −1 + i ) −2 + 2i + 2i − 2i 2 4i
4.2. = = = = 2i
−1 − i ( −1 − i )( −1 + i ) 2 2
i i (1 + i ) i + i2 i − 1 − 2i 1 1
4.3. − i 25 = −i = −i = =− − i
1− i (1 − i )(1 + i ) 2 2 2 2

5.
1
a) z1 =
2
Seja A o afixo do número complexo z1 .
A pertence ao semieixo real positivo e OA = 1 .

2
Assim, z1 =
1
e arg ( z1 ) = 0 , por exemplo.
2
1 i0
 z1 = e
2
b) z2 = 3i
Seja B o afixo do número complexo z 2 .

B pertence ao semieixo imaginário positivo e OB = 3 .
Assim, z2 = 3 e arg ( z2 ) =  , por exemplo.

2

i
 z2 = 3e 2
c) z3 = −4
Seja C o afixo do número complexo z3 .
C pertence ao semieixo real negativo e OC = 4 .
Assm, z3 = 4 e arg ( z3 ) =  , por exemplo.
 z3 = 4ei
d) z4 = −i
Seja D o afixo do número completo z 4 .

D pertence ao semieixo imaginário negativo e OD = 1 .
3
Assim, z4 = 1 e arg ( z4 ) = , por exemplo.
2
3
i
 z4 = e 2
e) z5 = − 3 + 3i
Seja E o afixo do número complexo z5 .
(− 3 )
2
OE = z5 = + 32 = 12 = 2 3
Seja  um argumento de z5 :
3
tg =    2.º Q  tg = − 3    2.º Q
− 3

2
arg ( z5 ) = , por exemplo
3
2
i
 z5 = 2 3e 3
f) z6 = 1 + 3
Seja F o afixo do número complexo z6 .

2
OF = z6 = 12 + 3 = 2
3
tg =    1.º Q  tg = 3    1.º Q
1

arg ( z6 ) = , por exemplo.
3

i
 z6 = 2e 3
g) z7 = −2 − 2i
Seja G o afixo do número complexo z7 .
( −2) + ( −2) = 8 = 2 2
2 2
OG = z7 =
−2
tg =    3.º Q  tg = 1    3.º Q
−2
5
4
5
i
 z7 = 2 2e 4
h) z8 = 27 − 3i
Seja H o afixo do número complexo z8 .
( ) + ( −3 ) = 36 = 6
2 2
OH = z8 = 27
−3 −3
tg =    4.º Q  tg =    4.º Q
27 3 3
3
 tg = −    4.º Q
3
11
6
11
i
 z8 = 6e 6


          i
i) z9 = 2 cos   + 2sen   i = 2  cos   + sen   i  = 2e 7
7 7  7 7 
 
        i− 
j) z10 = cos   − sen   i = cos  −  + sen  −  i = e  8 
8 8  8  8
 2   2    3 2   3 2  
k) z11 = 2sen   − 2cos  5  i = 2  cos  2 + 5  + sen  2 + 5 i 
 5         
9
  19   19     9   9   i
= 2  cos   + sen  5  i  = 2  cos  5  + sen  5  i  = 2e
5
  5          
   
−sen   − cos   i
 10   10  = 1  −sen    − cos    i  =
l) z12 =   10   10  
2 2     
1  3    3   
=  cos  −  + sen  − i  =
2  2 10   2 10  
7
1  14   14   1  7   7   1 i5
=  cos   + sen  10  i  = 2  cos  5  + sen  5 =
  2
i e
2  10          
6.
= ( cos ( 3 ) + sen ( 3 ) i ) = ( −1 + 0  i ) = −
1 i ( 3 ) 1 1 1
a) z1 = e
4 4 4 4
5
  5   5  
 i  = 2 ( 0 + 1 i ) = 2i
i
b) z2 = 2e 2
= 2  cos   + sen  2
  2    
i
(
c) z3 = −3e = −3 cos  + sen i = −3 −1 + 0i = 3 ) ( )
 
i−       
d) z4 = 4e  2
= 4  cos  −  + sen  −  i  = 4 ( 0 + ( −1) i ) = −4i
  2  2 
 7 
i−    7   7    2 2 
e) z5 = 2e  4 
= 2  cos  −  + sen  − 4  i  = 2  2 + 2 i  = 2 + 2i
  4      
1 i
2
1   2   2   1  1 3  1 1
f) z6 = e 3
=  cos   + sen   i=  − + i=− + i
3 3  3   3   3 2 2  2 3 2
3 1
=− + i
6 2
 13 
i−    13   13        
g) z7 = 3e  6 
= 3  cos  −  + sen  − 6  i  = 5  cos  − 6  + sen  − 6  i  =
  6          
 3  1  3 3
= 3  + − i = −
 2  2   2
i
  2

i
4
  4   4    1  3 
h) z8 = 2e 3
= 2  cos   + sen  3  i  = 2  − 2 +  − 2  i  = −1 − 3i
  3        
 
i  −y 
+
7. z = 2xe  4 
, x e y .

a) z é um número real se e só se x  +
 − y = k , k 
4

 x +
y = − k , k 
4
 
b) z é um imaginário puro se e só se x  +
 −y = + k , k 
4 2
 
 x +
 −y = − + k , k 
2 4

 x +
y =− − k , k 
4
 −y
8. z = ( 3 x − 2 ) e
( i 4 − 6 y )
( )
i
e w = x2 − 2 e 2
, x  2, y
 −y
 −y
z = w  ( 3 x − 2) e (
i 4 − 6 y )
( )
i
= x2 − 2 e 2
 3x − 2 = x 2 − 2  4 − 6y = + 2k , k 
2
 x 2 − 3 x = 0  8 − 12y =  − y + 4k , k   x ( x − 3 ) = 0  7 − 11y = 4k , k  , k
x 2
7 4k
 x = 3  −11y = −7 + 4k , k  y= − ,k 
11 11
9.
 
i−        1  3 
• z = 2e  3
= 2  cos  −  + sen  −  i  = 2   +  −  i  = 1 − 3i
  3  3  2 
  2  
(
A 1, − 3 )
• (
z = 1 − 3i = 1 + 3i )
(
B 1, 3 )
• (
−z = − 1 − 3i = −1 + 3i )
(
C −1, 3 )
• (
−z = − 1 − 3i = − 1 + 3i = −1 − 3i ) ( )
(
D −1, − 3 )
AD = 2 e AB = 2 3 logo
A ABCD = 2  2 3 = 4 3 u.a.

10.
i
5
  5   5    3 1  3 3 3
• z = −3e 6
= −3  cos   + sen  6  i  = −3  − 2 + 2 i  = 2 − 2 i
  6      
3 3 3
A= ,− 
 2 2 

3 3 3  3 3 3  3 3 3
• z = − − i  = − + i=− − i
 2 2   
  2 2  2 2
 3 3 3
B = − ,− 
 2 2 

3 3 3  3 3 3
OA =  , −  e OB =  − ,− 
 2 2   2 2 
 
3 3 3  3 3 3 27 9 18 9
OA  OB =  ,−    − ,−  = − + =− =−
 2 
2   2 
2 4 4 4 2

11.
 
i 
( )
+  − 2 (1 + i )
( )
2
1 i 2 e
2 ( 0 + 1i ) − 2 (1 + i )  2i − 2
a)   = =
 
i−  2 ( 0 − 1i ) − 2i
2e  2
=
( 2i − 2 − 2 i ) =
− 2 − 2i − 2i
=−
2
−
2+ 2
i
( − 2i ) i 2 2 2
 2 2
= −1 +  −

−  i = −1 + − 2 − 1 i = −1 − 1 + 2 i
2 
( ) ( )
 2
7
 i 7 
3 − i e 
  = 3 − ie = 3 − i ( cos  + sen i ) = 3 − i ( −1 + 0i ) =
i
b)
2−i 2−i 2−i 2−i
=
(3 + i )( 2 + i ) = 6 + 3i + 2i + i 2 =
5 + 5i
= 1+ i
( 2 − i )( 2 + i ) 5 5
2 + 3i + i 4 n + 407 2 + 3i + i 4n  i 407 2 + 3i + 1 i 3
c) = = =

  2 2
cos + sen i
i
e 4
+ i
4 4 2 2
(2 + ( ))
 2 2 
3 − 1 i  − i
 2 2 
= =
 2 2  2 2 
 + i  − i
 2 2   2 2 

= 2 + 2i + ( 3 −1 ) 2
2
i− ( 3 −1 ) 2
2 2
i =
6 2 6 2
= 2 − 2i + i− i+ − =
2 2 2 2
 2 6  6 3 2
= + + − i
 2 2   2 2 

2
  i  5 
 1 +  e 5  − 1
   ( ) = (e ) =
2
   ei i 2
1 i i
d) = = 2 = =i
−i −i −i −i −i 1
  2   2      
i
2
i

4  cos   + sen   i  − 2 3i + 8 + 8 2  cos + sen i 
− 2 3i + 8 + 128e  3   3    4 
= 
4e 3 4 4
e) 7
=
 i  2
 −2e 6  128 2
  64 2
 1 3   2 2  32 2
4  − + i  − 2 3i + 8 + 8  + i
 2 2   2 2  16 2
= = 8 2
2
4 2
=
−2 + 2 3i − 2 3i + 8 + 4 2 + 4 2i
2
= 3 + 2 2 + 2 2i ( ) 2 2
1

12. z1 = 4i , z2 = 2e
i
3 , z3 = −1 + i C.A.:
z3 + 2i 51 −1 + i + 2i 48+3
(1)
a) w = = = • z3 = ( −1)
2
+ 12 = 2
( z3 )
4
 z2  i 
( −1 + i )
4
  2e 3 
 
•  é um argumento de z3
1
−1 + i + 2i 3 −1 + i − 2i tg =    2º Q
= = −1
( )
 i
3 4
  i  − 3   4
i 3
 i  − 3    tg = −1    2º Q
 2e 4    2e
 
 2 e   2e   
   3
      = por exemplo
4
5 i
3
i
−1 − i 2e 4  z3 = 2e 4
= = =
 i  − 3    
i  −  ( 2)
( 4e ) i
  2e    8e
 
 6 
  • ( −1) + ( −1) = 2
2 2
−1 − i =
i
5
 5 5 
•  é um argumento de −1 − i
2e 4
2 i −  −1
= 5
= e  4 6 
tg =    3º Q
i 8 −1
6
8e  tg = 1    3º Q
2 5
5
=
i
= e 12 por exemplo
8 4
5
i
 −1 − i = 2e 4

b) z1 = 4i logo P ( 0, 4 )

i
z1 = 4i  z1 = 4e 2
Sejam Q e R os afixos de z2 e z3 , respetivamente, onde:

  2 
i +  i
7
 7 7   3  1 
z2 = 4e  2 3 
= 4e 6
= 4  cos + sen i  = 4− + − i  =
 6 6   2  2  

= −2 3 − 2i
 7  2 
i +  i
11
 11 11   3 1 
z3 = 4e  6 3 
= 4e 6
= 4  cos + sen i  = 4 − i=
 6 6   2 2 

= 2 3 − 2i
(
Assim, R −2 3, −2 e Q 2 3, −2 ) ( )
Portanto, APQR  =
RQ  alt
=
( =
)
2  2 3  ( 4 + 2) 4 3  6
= 12 3
2 2 2
13.
( )
a) 3i i − 1 + iz = z  3i − 3i + iz − z = 0  −3 − 3i + i − 1 z = 0 
2
( )
z=
−3 − 3i
z=
( −3 − 3i )( −1 − i )  z = 3 + 3i + 3i + 3i 2 
−1 + i ( −1 + i )( −1 − i ) 2
 z = 3i
2i − 1 2i − 1 2i − 1
+ i = (1 − 2i ) 
2
b) + i = 1 − 4i − 4  = −3 − 5i
w w w
w =
−1 + 2i
w =
( −1 + 2i )( −3 + 5i )  w = 3 − 5i − 6i + 10i 2
−3 − 5i ( −3 + 5i )( −3 − 5i ) 34
7 11
w =− − i
34 34
 7 11 
C.S. = − − i
 34 34 
c) z 2 = ( 3 + i )
2
( )
2
As soluções desta equação são as raízes quadradas de 3 +i , ou seja, a equação tem duas soluções,
sendo uma delas 3 + i .
2
i
A outra solução é obtida multiplicando 3 + i por e 2
.

2
i
Ora, e 2
= e i = −1 .
Portanto, a outra solução é − 3 − i .
 C.S. =  3 + i, − 3 − i 
d) z + 1 − z = 3i  zi + 1 − z = 3i 2  zi − z = −4 
i
−4 −4 ( −1 − i )
 z ( i − 1) = −4  z = z= 
−1 + i 2
4 + 4i
z=  z = 2 + 2i  z = 2 − 2i
2
2
 i
5
 2 i
10
i
5
e) w 3 =  8e 6
  w = 8 e 6  w = 8e 3 
3 3
 
5
+ 2 k
5
i 3
, k  0,1,2 
3 i
 w = 8e 3
 w = 3 8e 3
 5 2 k  
i + 
 w = 2e  9 3 
, k  0,1,2
5
k = 0 : w = 2e
i
• 9
 5 2  11
k = 1: w = 2e  9
i + 
•
i
3 
 w = 2e 9
 5 4  17
k = 2 : w = 2e  9
i + 
•
i
3 
 w = 2e 9
 i 5 i
11
i
17

C.S. = 2e 9 ,2e 9 ,2e 9 
 
 i−  
 
( ) ( ) ( )
2
f) w = w 2  3 − 3i  w ei = w e i   2 3e  3   
 
 
 
i− 
C. aux.:
 w e(
i − )
= w ei 2  2 3e 
2 3

3 + ( −3 ) = 12 = 2 3
2 2
  • 2 − 3i =
i  2 − 
 w e(
i − ) 2
=2 3 w e  3
 −3
• tg =    4º Q
 3
 w = 2 3 w  − = 2 − + 2k , k 
2
−3 3
3  tg =    4º Q
3

 w − 2 3 w = 0  −3 = − + 2k , k   tg = − 3    4º Q
2
3

2k   =−
( )
, por exemplo.
 w 1− 2 3 w = 0   = − ,k  3
9 3  
i− 
 2 − 3i = 2 3e  3
 −1   2k
w =0 w =   = − ,k 
 −2 3  9 3
 3  2k
w =0 w =
    = − ,k 
 6  9 3
• w =0
3 i 9
• w= e
6
  2   5 
3 i  9 − 3  3 i  − 9  3 i 139
• w= e = e = e
6 6 6
  4   11 
3 i  9 − 3  3 i  −  3 i 79
• w= e = e 9 
= e
6 6 6
  12   
3 i  9 −  3 i  9 − 4  3 i 9
• w= e 3 
= e = e
6 6 6

 
3 i 9 3 i 139 3 i 79 
C.S. = 0, e , e , e 
 6
 6 6 

g) 2 ( z − i ) + 14 ( z − i ) + 25 = 0 
2
−14  196 − 4  2  25 −14  196 − 200

z−i = z−i =
2 2 4
−14  −4 −14  2i −7 1
z−i = z−i = z−i =  i
4 4 2 2
7 1 7 1 7 3 7 1
z=− + i +i z=− − i +i z= − i z= − i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
7 3 7 1 
C.S. =  − i , − i 
2 2 2 2 
14. Opção (B)
Seja z um número complexo diferente de zero.
Sabemos que o afixo de z pertence ao primeiro quadrante e à reta de equação y = 3x , logo


i
z = z e 3 .
 
i−  4
Assim, z = z e  3 i
e −z = z e 3 . C. aux.
 
Seja P o afixo de z .

zz z e  z e
i
3
i− 
 3 (
Então P é da forma x, 3 x . )
Portanto, = 4
=
−z i
tg =
3x
   1º Q
ze 3 x
( x 0)
 4 
z ei 0 i  0−   tg = 3    1º Q
= 4
= ze  3 
= 
e
i
3 = por exemplo
3
 4  2
i−  i
= ze  3 
= ze 3
 O afixo de zz
pertence ao 2º quadrante.
−z

15. Opção C

i
z = 2e 6
é uma das raízes índice s do número complexo w.
As restantes raízes índice s do número complexo w são:
  2  17  17 2  29
i +  i i +  i
z1 = 2e 6 5 
= 2e 30
; z2 = 2e  30 5 
= 2e 30
 29 2  41  41 2  53

i +  i i +  i
z3 = 2e  30 5 
= 2e 30
e z4 = 2e  30 5 
= 2e 30
41
i
 2e 30
é uma das raízes índice s do número complexo w.
16.
x2
a) + 12 = 0  x 2 + 36 = 0  x 2 = −36  x = − −36  x = −36  x = −6i  x = 6i
3
C.S. = −6i; +6i 

b) 3 x 4 = −
1 2
3
( 1
x  9x 4 + x 2 = 0  x 2 9x 2 + 1 = 0  x 2 = 0  x 2 = − 
9
)
1 1
 x =0 x = − i  x = i
3 3
 1 1 
C.S. = − i ;0; + i 
 3 3 
c) x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0  x = −2  4 − 4  1 3  x = −2  −8 
2 2
−2 + 2 2i −2 − 2 2i
x= x=  x = −1 + 2i  x = −1 − 2i
2 2

C.S. = −1 + 2i ; −1 − 2i 
(
1 4
) ( )
2
d) x + 1 = − x 2  x 4 + 1 = −2x 2  x 4 + 2x 2 + 1 = 0  x 2 + 1 = 0 
2
 x 2 + 1 = 0  x 2 = −1  x = − −1  x = −1  x = −i  x = i
C.S. = −i, i
e) x 3 − 5x 2 + 8x = 6  x 3 − 5x 2 + 8x − 6 = 0 
( )
 ( x − 3 ) x 2 − 2x + 2 = 0  x − 3 = 0  x 2 − 2 x + 2 = 0 
2  4 − 4  1 2 C. auxiliar:
 x =3 x = 
2 Pela regra de Ruffini:
2 + −4 2 − −4 1 −5 8 −6
 x =3 x = x=  3 3 −6 6
2 2
1 −2 2 0
 x = 3  x = 1+ i  x = 1− i  x − 5x + 8x − 6 = ( x − 3 ) ( x
3 2 2
− 2x + 2 )
C.S. = 3,1 + i ,1 − i 

17.
a) z + 2 − i = 2  Im ( z )  1
Circunferência de Semiplano limitado pela

centro ( −2,1) e raio 2 reta horizontal que passa
no ponto (0,1)
b) 5 + 2i  z − 3i  5  Im ( 3 − 2i ) + Re ( z + 2 )  1
5 + 22  z − 3i  5  −2 + Re ( z + 2)  1 
2

 11  z − 3i  5  Re ( z + 2 )  3 
 11  z − 3i  5  Re ( x + yi + 2 )  3 
 11  z − 3i  5  x + 2  3 
 11  z − 3i  5  x  1
Coroa circular limitada pelas Semiplano limitado

circunferências de centro pela reta vertical x = 1
(0,3) e raios 11 e 5


c) z − 2i  z − 2  0  arg ( z − 1 − 4i ) 
4
Semiplano definido pela Ângulo compreendido


mediatriz de PQ  sendo entre 0 e e de
4
P ( 0,2) e Q ( 2,0 ) vértice em (1,4 )
d) ( z − 1  2  Re ( 3 − z )  2 )  arg ( iz ) ( 3
) = 2k , k 
k
 ( z − 1  2  Re ( 3 − x − yi )  2)  arg i 3 z3 = ( ) 2
,k 
 ( z − 1  2  3 − x  2 )  arg −i  z ei ( ( )
3
) = 2k , k 
 3
  k
 ( z − 1  2  − x  −1)  arg   1 e 2
i 3 i 3
  z e  = ,k 
   2
 3 i  3 +3    k
 ( z − 1  2  x  1)  arg  z e  2   = ,k 
  2
 
3 k
 ( z − 1  2  x  1)  + 3 = ,k 
2 2
3  k
 ( z − 1  2  x  1)  3 = − + ,k 
2 2

 k
 ( z − 1  2  x  1)   = − + ,k 
2 6
Região limitada pela 

k =0:  = −
circunferência de 2
( )
centro 1,0 e raio 2 k = 1:  = − + = − 2 = − 
 
ou semiplano 2 6 6 3
limitado pela reta k = 2 :  = −  + 2 = − 
vertical x = 1 2 6 6
 3
k =3:  = − + =0
2 6
k = 4 :  = −  + 4 = 
2 6 6
 5 2 
k =5:  = − + = =
2 6 6 3
 6 3 
k = 6:  = − +
2 6
=
6
=
2 Semirretas com origem em (0,0)
 7 4 2
k =7:  =− + = =
2 6 6 3
 8 5
k =8:  = − + =
2 6 6
 9 6
k =9:  = − + = =
2 6 6
 10 7
k = 10 :  = − + =
2 6 6
k = 11 :  = −  + 11 = 4
2 6 3
 12 3 
k = 12 :  = − + = =−
2 6 2 2

w 1 w +w w 1 ( x + yi ) + ( x − yi )
   w w     ( x + yi )( x − yi )
( )
e)
1 − 3i 2 2
12 + − 3
2 2 2
w 1 2x
    x2 + y 2  w  1 x  x2 + y 2  w  1 x2 − x + y 2  0
2 2 2
2
1 1  1 1
 w  1 x2 − x + + y 2   w  1  x −  + y 2 
4 4  2 4
Exterior e Círculo de centro

circunferência  1  e raio 1
de centro em  2 ,0 
  2
(0,0) e raio 1
18.
a)    A rg ( z − 2i )      5  A rg ( z − 2i )  3    z − 2i  2 (p. exemplo)

 4 2  4 2 
ou
C. auxiliar:
(Im z  Re z + 2  Re z  0 )  (Im z  Re z + 2  Re z  0 ) 
   z − 2i  2 r: y =x+2
 Im z = Re z + 2
b)    A rg ( z + 3i )  3   z + 3  2 (p. exemplo)
2 4 
c) z − 1 + 3i = z − 3 + i  Re z  1  Im z  −1 (p. exemplo)
d) 2  z − 4 − 2i  4     A rg ( z − 2 − 2i )      A rg ( z − 4 − 2i )  3  −   A rg ( z − 4 )  0 
2 2 2 
(p. exemplo)

Exercícios propostos (pág. 353)

Itens de construção
1. z = 1− 3i e w = −2 + i .
1.1. z − w = 1 − 3i − ( −2 + i ) = 1 − 3i + 2 − i = 3 − 4i
1 1 1 5
1.2. w + z = −2 − i + (1 − 3i ) = −2 − i + − i = − − 2i
3 3 3 3
1.3. z  w = (1 − 3i )( −2 + i ) = −2 + i + 6i − 3i 2 = 1 + 7i
( )
1.4. −z  iw = − (1 + 3i )  i ( −2 + i ) = ( −1 − 3i ) −2i + i 2 = ( −1− 3i )( −1− 2i ) = 1+ 2i + 3i + 6i 2 =
= −5 + 5i
−1 1 −2 − i −2 − i 2 1
1.5. w = = = =− − i
−2 + i ( −2 + i )( −2 − i ) 5 5 5
w  i5
=
( −2 + i )  i
=
−2i + i 2 1 1
=− − i
1.6.
z  z (1 − 3i )(1 + 3i ) 10 10 5
1 − 3i + ( −2 + i ) −1 − 2i ( −1 − 2i ) i −i − 2i 2
1.7. w + z = = = = = −2 + i
i i 2
i i −1
1.8. 3i  z + (w + 2 − 3i ) = 3i  (1 − 3i ) + ( −2 + i + 2 − 3i ) = 3i  (1 − 6i − 9 ) + ( −2i ) =
2 2 2 2 2
= 3i  ( −8 − 6i ) + 4i 2 = −24i − 18i 2 − 4 = 14 − 24i
( )
2
w 4 − 24i 2015 ( −2 + i ) − 24i 4 − 4i + i 2 + 24i ( 3 − 4i )
4 2
3
+ 24i
1.9. = = = =
7i 14 7i 2 −7 −7
9 − 24i + 16i 2 + 24i −7
= = =1
−7 −7
2 2
w   −2 − i 
2
 4 + 4i + i 2 
1.10.    25i + ( 3i ) + 16 = 
2
100
  25 + 9 i 2
+ 16 =    25 − 9 + 16
w   −2 + i   ( −2 + i )( −2 − i ) 
( 3 + 4i )
2
=  25 + 7 = 9 + 24i + 16i 2 + 7 = −7 + 24i + 7 = 24i

25

(3 + w ) ( ) = (3 − 2 + i ) ( ) = (1 + i )
5 5
+ 2 ( 2 − 3i + 3i )
2 2
+ 2 z + 1 − 3i 11 + 2 1 − 3i + 1 − 3i 3 2 5
1.11.
iz i (1 − 3i ) i − 3i 2
1 + 2i + i 2 + 2  32 ( 64 + 2i )( 3 − i ) 192 − 64i + 6i − 2i 2
= = = =
3+i (3 + i )(3 − i ) 10
194 − 58i 97 29
= = − i
10 5 5
iz  ( −2w ) 1 i (1 − 3i )  ( −2 ( −2 + i ) ) 1
1.12. −2+ = −2+ =
3+w 3+w 3−2+i 3−2+i
i − 3i 2  ( 4 − 2i ) 1 ( 3 − i )  ( 4 − 2i ) − 2 + 1 + i
= −2+ = =
1+ i 1− i 1+ i (1 − i )(1 + i )
=
12 − 6i − 4i + 2i 2
−2+
1 + i 10 − 10i
=
1 1
− 2 + + i = 10
(1 − i )(1 − i ) − 3 + 1 i =
(1 + i ) 2 1+ i 2 2 (1 + i )(1 − i ) 2 2
1 − 2i + i 2 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 19
= 10  − + i = 5  ( −2i ) − + i = −10i − + i = − − i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2.
(3 − 2i ) ( −4i − 3) (3 − 2i )( −3 + 4i ) −
2.1. 4n +2 8 n −3
− (1 − 2i )( 2,1 − 5,3i ) = ( 2,1 − 5,3i − 4,2i − 10,6 )
i −i i 2 − i −3
=
−9 + 12i + 6i + 8
− ( −8,5 + 9,5i ) =
( −1 + 18i ) i + 8,5 + 9,5i = ( −i − 18 )(1 + i ) + 8,5 + 9,5i =
−1 +
1 1− i (1 − i )(1 + i )
i
−i + 1 − 18 − 18i 17 19
= + 8,5 + 9,5i = − − i + 8,5 + 9,5i = 0 c.q.m.
2 2 2
( )
−1
= −( i + ( 4 − 4i − 1) ) −1 − = −( i + 3 − 4i ) − =
i i i
2.2. − i + ( 2 − i )2 −
−1
6 6 6
 1  i  3 + 3i  i  3 3  i
= −  − = −  − = − − i  − =
 3 − 3i  6  18  6  18 18  6
3 3 3 3 1 −
=− + i− i =− =−  c.q.m.
18 18 18 18 6
2.3. i 4n + i 8n +3 + i 16n +6 = ( i 4 ) + ( i 4 )  i 3 + ( i 4 )  i 4  i 2 =
n 2n 4n
= 1n + 12n  ( −i ) + 14n  1 ( −1) = 1 − i − 1 = −i é um imaginário puro c.q.m.
3.
z = m ( 3 − 4i ) + 4  z = 3m − 4mi + 4  z = 3m + 4 − 4mi
w = ( k + m ) i − ( 3m + 4 + 4mi )  w = ki + mi − 3m − 4 − 4mi  w = −3m − 4 + (k − 3m ) i

3.1. z = w  3m + 4 − 4mi = −3m − 4 + ( k − 3m ) i  3m + 4 = −3m − 4  −4m = k − 3m 

4 4
 6m = −8  −m = k  m = − k =
3 3
( i − 2)( −2 − i )  −3m − 4 + −2i + 1 + 4 + 2i

3.2. w = ( k − 3m ) i = 
2 2
5 5 13
 −3m − 4 + ( k − 3m ) i =  −3m − 4 =  k − 3m = 0  −3m =  k − 3m = 0 
2 2 2
13  13  13 13
m=−  k = 3− m=− 6 k =− 2
6  6 
3.3. iz = ( 3m + 4 − 4mi ) i = 4m + (3m + 4 ) i
Seja P o afixo de iz . Então P ( 4m,3m + 4 ) e P pertence ao semieixo imaginário negativo se e só se

4m = 0  3m + 4  0 
4
 m = 0  3m  −4  m = 0  m  − , o que é uma condição impossível, ou seja, não eixste m.
3
4. z = −1 + 3i e w = −2
x=
w
x=
−2
=
−2 −1 − 3i
=
(
2 + 2 3i 1
= +
3
i
)
z −1 + 3i 4 4 2 2
 3
Temos que A −1, 3 , ( ) B ( −2,0) e C  21 , .
2 

Portanto, A ABC  = A ABOC  − ABOC  
39 3 OB  yC
 A ABC  = − 
22 2
3
2
39 3 2 
 A ABC  = −
22 2
39 3 11 3 28 3 14
 A ABC = −  A ABC =  A ABC = 3
22 22 22 11
5. Seja A o afixo do número complexo w .

Temos que:
• A ( x, − x ) ( P pertence à bissetriz dos quadrantes pares) e w = x − xi
• Im (w )  0  − x  0  x  0

• x 2 + ( − x ) = 2  2x 2 = 2 
2
w = 2
 2 x = 2  x = 1  x = −1  x = 1
logo x = −1 , pois x  0
Portanto, w = −1 + i , A ( −1,1) e C (1, −1) .
Seja B o ponto de coordenadas ( x, y ) , x \ −1 .
Temos que AB  AC = 0  ( x + 1, y − 1)  ( 2, −2 ) = 0
 2 x + 2 − 2y + 2 = 0
 −2y = −2x − 4
y = x+2
 O ponto B é da forma ( x, x + 2) , x  \ −1 .

6.
6.1. z1 = −27 = 27ei

i
6.2. z2 = 2014i = 2014e 2
6.3. z3 = 36 = 36e
5 5 i0
3
6.4. z4 = − 2 2 i = 2 2 e 2
i
3 3
5
i
6.5. z5 = −5 − 5i = 5 2e 4
C. aux:
• ( −5) + ( −5 ) = 50 = 5 2
2 2
−5 − 5i =
−5 5
• tg =    3º Q  tg = 1    3º Q = p. ex.
−5 4
5
i
6.6. z6 = 3i − 27 = −3 3 + 3i = 6e 6
C. aux:
( −3 3 )
2
• −3 3 + 3 = + 32 = 27 + 9 = 6
tg =
3
   2º Q  tg = −
3
   2º Q 5
• = p. ex.
−3 3 3 6


i
6.7. z7 = 3 12 + 18i = 12 3e 3
C. aux:
(3 )
2
• 12 + 182 = 432 = 12 3
432 2
18 6 12
• tg =    1º Q  tg =    1º Q 216 2
3 12 12 108 2
2 3 54 2
 tg =    1º Q  tg = 3    1º Q 27 3
2
9 3
 3 3
= p. ex.
3 1
 
i− 
6.8. z8 =  −  i =  2e  4
C. aux:
•  2 + ( − ) = 2 2 =  2
2
− 
• tg =    4º Q  tg = −1    4º Q  =− p. ex.
 4
 3   3    3   3  
6.9. z9 = − cos   − sen   i = −  cos   + sen   i  =
 11   11    11   11  
3 3 14
i i i
= −1 e 11
= e i  e 11
=e 11
6.10. z10 = sen    i − cos  25  = − cos  2 +   + sen    i =

 12   12   12   12 
         
= − cos   + sen   i = cos   −  + sen   − i=
 12   12   12   12 
11
 11   11  i
= cos   + sen   i = e 12
 12   12 
6.11. z11 = sen    − cos  8  i =

7  7 
   
= sen   + cos   i =
7 7
     
= cos  −  + sen  −  i =
2 7 2 7
5
 5   5  i
= cos   + sen   i = e 14
 14   14 

6.12. z12 = sen  −   + cos  −   i = −sen    + cos    i =

 9  9 9 9
11
       11   11  i
= cos  +  + sen  +  i = cos   + sen   i= e 18
2 9 2 9  18   18 
7.
= 3 cos ( −11 ) + 3sen ( −11 ) i = 3 cos ( − ) + 3sen ( − ) i = −3

( i −11 )
7.1. z1 = 3e
 3 
i−   3  3  3 
7.2. z2 = 5e 3  2 
= 3 5 cos  −  + 5sen  − 2  i = 5i
3
 2   
7.3. z3 = ei 500 = cos ( 500 ) + sen (500 ) i = 1

 
5 i−  5   5   5
7.4. z4 = e  2  = cos  −  + sen  −  i = − i
2 2  2 2  2 2
7
i  7   7     
7.5. z5 = 10e 3
= 10cos   + 10sen   i = 10cos   + 10sen   i =
 3   3  3 3
1 3
= 10  + 10  i = 5 + 5 3i
2 2
 
i− 
    3 1
7.6. z6 = e  6
= cos  −  + sen  −  i = − i
 6  6 2 2
 3 
i   3   3   2 2
7.7. z7 = 2e  4 
= 2 cos   + 2sen  4  i = 2   − 2  + 2  2 i
 4     
= −1 + i
 2 
i−    2   2    1 3 
7.8. z8 = −e  3 
= −1  cos  −  + sen  − 3  i  = −1 − 2 − 2 i=
  3     
 
1 3
= + i
2 2
8.
8.1. −2i ( −1 − 3i ) = −2i (1 + 6i − 9 ) = −2  ( −1)( −8 + 6i ) = −16 + 12i

6 2 2
8.2. i − 5 + 10i = i − 5 + 10  i = i − 5 + 10 =
20 0
( 5 + i )( 2 − 3i ) =
2 + 3i 2 + 3i 2 + 3i 13
10 − 15i + 2i + 3 13 13
= = − i = 1− i
13 13 13

4i − 33 ( 2 − i )
3
4 2 − 11i
8.3. + 7
= −11 + i + 3 = C. aux:
3 i 3 i
(2 − i ) = (2 − i ) (2 − i )
3 2
2 − 11i 2i − 11i 2
= ( 4 − 4i − 1)( 2 − i )
4 4
= −11 + i+ = −11 + i + =
3 −i 3 −i 2
4 2i + 11 4 = ( 3 − 4i )( 2 − i )
= −11 + i+ = −11 + i + 2i + 11 =
3 1 3 = 6 − 3i − 8i − 4 = 2 − 11i
10
= i
3
 3

( 5 + 2i )  5 + 2e 2
i

  = ( 5 + 2i )( 5 − 2i ) = 25 + 4 = 29 = 290
8.4.
0,1ei 10 0,1 0,1 0,1
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
3 −i  3 −i − 77 + i 33 3 − i 3 − 2 3i − 1 − 77 + i
8.5.  3 
= =
i−  −7  i
−7e  2 
=
( )(
3 − i 2 − 2 3i − 77 + i ) =
2 3 − 6i − 2i + 2 3i 2 − 77 + i −77 − 7i
= = 1 − 11i
−7i −7i −7i
(1,5 − 1,5i )  ( i 4 )
4n
8.6. (1,5 − 1,5i )  i − 3e i 3  i 16  i 3 + 3

16 n +19
= =
 5 
3 i  −  3   5   5  
 cos  − 4  + sen  4
4 
e i 
2 2     
=
(1,5 − 1,5i )  1 1 ( −i ) + 3 = −1,5i + 1,5i 2 + 3 = 1,5 − 1,5i
=
3  2 2  3 3 −1,5 + 1,5i
 − + i − + i
2 2 2  2 2
=
(1,5 − 1,5i )( −1,5 − 1,5i ) = −2,25 − 2,25i + 2,25i + 2,25i 2 =
4,5 4,5
−4,5
= = −1
4,5
7 7
    i−  
  
− ( 4 + 2i ) +  2e 28  − (16 + 16i − 4 ) +  2e  28  
2 i
   
  =   =
8.7. 7
i 8
8e 2
 2 2 
  −12 − 16i + 2  − i
2 
i− 
−12 − 16i + 2e  4
 2
= = =
8 8
−12 − 16i + 1 − i 11 17
= =− − i
8 8 8

−20
 23
  
( )
i
3 − 3i   6e 12   i
 
8.8.   + 2   2014e 5 
=
 
i− 
 i
 
−3e  3   2014e 20 
 
 
   −20
i−  i
23
 i 
6e  4
 6e 12
 2014e 5 
=  
+ 2  = C. aux.
i− 
 2014 
( )
i
3e  e  3
  2 2
• 3 − 3i = 3 + − 3
  23 
i− +
= 6
  20 
6e  4 12  i− 
=  
+ 2e  5 
=
i  −  − 3
3e  3
• tg =    4º Q
3
20
 tg = −1    4º Q
i 
e 12
+ 2e (
i −4 )
=2 2
=
i 
e 3  =− p. ex.
4
 5 2 
i − 
= 2e  3 3 
+ 2 1=
= 2ei + 2 =
= 2  ( −1) + 2 = 0
9.
23
 i 
( −6 + 3i ) +  e 2 
  −6 + 3i + i 23 −6 + 3i + i 3 −6 + 3i − i
9.1. = = =
1 − 2i 1 − 2i 1 − 2i 1 − 2i
=
( −6 + 2i )(1 + 2i ) = −6 − 12i + 2i − 4 = −2 − 2i = 2 2e
i
5
4
5 5
C. aux.:
• ( −2) + ( −2) = 2 2
2 2
−2 − 2i =
−2 5
• tg =    3º Q  tg = 1    3º Q  = p. ex.
−2 4
2+i 2+i 2+i
9.2. −i = −i = −i =
 
i−         2 2 
2e  4 2  cos  −  + sen  −  i  2  − i
  4  4   2 2 
=
2+i
−i =
( 2 + i )(1 + i ) − i = 2 + 2i + i − 1 − 2i = + 1 + 1 i = 2 ei 4
1− i 2 2 2 2 2
C. aux:
2 2
1 1  1  1 2
• + + i = +  +   =
2 2  2   
2 2

1
tg = 2    1º Q  tg = −1    1º Q

•  = p. ex.
1 4
−
2
 i−  
 
( 4 + i )  4 + e  2  
 = ( 4 + i )( 4 − i ) =
7
 17 17e i 0 i
9.3.  7   7   7 
=  7 
= 289e 8
1  8 
i − i −
1  8  −
1  8 
i −
1  8 
i
e e e e
17 17 17 17
(1 + 2i )  i 8n −2 + 1 = (1 + 2i )  ( i 4 )
2n
9.4. n  :
 i2 +1
=
(1 + 2i )  ( −1) + 1 =
3    3   
i i−  i −  i
2e 10
 2e  5
2 2e  10 5  2 2e 10
3
i  15  
−1 − 2i + 1 2e 2
2 i  10 −10  2 i 75
= 
= 
= e = e
i i 2 2
2 2e 10 2 2e 10
2014
 i

  2 
i
2
i
2
 2e 4028
 i
2 i−  i

10e 7
 30e 7
  10e 7
 30e  7 
2e 2
9.5 + = +
10 −1 − i 10 2

300ei 0 10 3 i
= +i = + i = 3 + 1 = 2e 6
10 10
C. aux.:
( 3)
2
3 +i = + 12 = 2
tg =
1
   1º Q  tg =
3
   1º Q 
 = p. ex.
3 3 6
i   i−  
 
 i 56 
14
 i 5 
3 − i   e 14   e + 0,5e    −4e

6
 
 2
+
 ( 3 −3 i )
  +  =
9.6.
2−i
2
3i − 2
  5   5      
i 5  cos  6  + sen  6  i + 0,5 cos  6  + 0,5sen  6  i   ( −4  ( −i ) ) + 3i − 3i
3 − ie          
= +
2+i  
2
( )
2 2
 3 + − 2 
 
 3 1 1 3 1 1 
 − + i+  +  i   4i + 3i − 3i
3 − i  ( −1)  2 2 2 2 2 2 
= + =
2+i 5
 3 3 
 − + i   4i + 3i − 3i
=
( 3 + i )( 2 − i )  4
+
4 
=
5 5
6 − 3i + 2i − i 2 − 3i + 3i 2 + 3i − 3i
= + =
5 5
 
7 − i − 3 − 3i 4 4 4 2 i  − 4 
= = − i= e
5 5 5 5
C. aux.:
2 2
4 4 4  4 4 2
• − i =   + −  =
5 5 5  5 5
4
−
tg = 5    4º Q  tg = −1    4º Q

•  =− p. ex.
4 4
5 C. aux.:
2 (1)
  3 + i 6 
i   − 1 3 1  3   1 2
2
  2 
 3 47
 −
i
+
i

i
• + i =  +
 2   2 
=
  − 2e 4
0,25e 11
4e 11
= 2 2  
9.7. 
−4i
(1 + i ) + 6e + 8e 2
i
7 i 5
3 1
= + =1
4 4
2
  i  6   3  47
1
 i e 6  − 2     i−  i
   −  + +  11 
 tg = 2    1º Q
4 
11
2 cos sen i 0,25e 4e •
    4
= − = 3
−4i   7
i  2
i
 2e 4  + 6e + 8i 1
   tg =    1º Q
3
 3 47 
 2 2  i− +  3
− 2  + i  + 1e  11 11 
( i (e ) − 1)  tg =    1º Q
2
i
= −  2 2 
=
3
−4i 7 
8 2e + 6  ( −1) + 8i  =
i
4 p. ex.
6
(2)
( i  ( −1) − 1)
2
−1 − i + ei 4
= − = • 1+ i = 2
−4i  2 2 
8 2  − i  − 6 + 8i • tg = 1    1º Q
 2 2 

= p. ex.
( −1 − i ) 4
2
−1 − i + 1
= − = (3)
−4i 8 − 8i − 6 + 8 i 2 2
1 1  1  1
• − + i = −  +  
1 + 2i + i 2 i 1 1 2 2  2 2
= + =− + i
−4i 2 2 2 2
=
3 2
2 i
= e 4
1
2
• tg = 2    2º Q
1
−
2
 tg = −1    2º Q
3
= p. ex.
4
15

( ) i−  
9  
 −1 + 3i − 510 3  i 4 n − 6 + 2e  6  
9.8.  3
   =
 
i i
 2 + 2e 4
2e 5

15
  i 2  9  3 1 
( )
n
  2e 3  − 510 3  i4 −6
 i + 2  − i  
  2 2  =
=     
 2 + 2 − 2 + 2 i  i

 
5
2e

 2 2  
 
15
 3  1 ( −1) + 3 − i 
512ei 6 − 510
=   =
 2 − 2 + 2i i


 2e 5 
15
 
15   
i−  
2 −i  2 2 i e  2

=   =
 2i 2   =
 2i 
 
 
i i
 2e 5   2 e 5

15 15
 1 i− −  
  
 i
3
1 −  
 7 
=  − 2i  e  2 5   =  2e 2  e 10   =
 2   2 
   
15
 2 i  1510 − 710  
15
 2 i 810  128 2 i 12 2 i0
= e 
 = e  = e = e
 2   2 32768 256
   
C. aux.:
( −1)
2 2
• −1 + 3 = + 3 =2
3 2
• tg =    2º Q  tg = − 3    2º Q = p. ex.
−1 3
10.
10.1. 1 + z − i = 3i 6  iz + 1  z = 3i 3  z + 1 − 1 + i  z = −3iz + i 
i i (1 − 3i )
 z + 3iz = i  z (1 + 3i ) = i  z = z= 
1 + 3i 10
i − 3i 2 3 1
z= z= + i
10 10 10
3 1 
C.S. =  + i
10 10 
10.2 w + 5i = 2w − 3i ( i − 2)  w − 2w = −3i 2 + 6i − 5i  −w = 3 + i 
 w = −3 − i
C.S. = −3, −i 

2 2 2
+ 3i = ( 2 − i ) = + 3i = 4 − 4i − 1  = 3 − 4i − 3i 
2
10.3.
z z z
2 2 2 ( 3 + 7i ) 6 + 14i
 = 3 − 7i  =zz= z= 
z 3 − 7i 58 58
3 7
z= + i
29 29
 3 7 
C.S. =  + i
 29 29 
10.4. (w + 2 ) = ( 2 − i )  w + 2 = 2 − i  w + 2 = −2 + i  w = −i  w = −4 + i
2 2
C.S. = −i ; −4 + i 
4 2 2
10.5. z + = 2i  z + 2i z + 4 = 2i z + 4i 2  z = −8 
z + 2i
 z = − −8  z = −8  z = −2 2i  z = 2 2i 
  
i i− 
 z = 2 2i  z = −2 2i  z = 2 2e 2
 z = 2 2e  2

 i
 i−  
 

C.S. = 2 2e 2 ,2 2e  2  

 

5 5 2 
 i  i i
10.6. w −  2e 4  = 0  w 3 − 2e 2 = 0  w 3 = 2e 2 
3
 

+ 2 k

i2
, k  0,1,2
3 i
 w = 2e 2
 w = 3 2e 3

k = 0 : w = 3 2e 6
i
•
5
k = 1: w
i
• = 3
2e 6
3
k =2: w
i
• = 3
2e 2
 
 5 3
i i i
C.S. =  3 2e 6 , 3 2e 6 , 3 2e 2 
 
3 2
 i  2 + 4i 2i + 4i 2
10.7.  2e 4
  z = 2 + 4i  z = z= 
  −2i −2i 2
−4 + 2i
z=  z = −2 + i
2
C. aux.:
3 6 3 2
 i  i i
 2e 4  = 2e 4 = 2e 2 = −2i
 

  
i  + 
10.8. iw = −w  e 2  w ei = ei  w e (
i − )
= w e(
i i  − )
 w e 2

w +
 + =  −  + 2k , k  
2

w +
 2 = + 2k , k  
2

w +
 = + k , k 
4
 5
i i
w = w e 4 w = w e 4
 i

i
5

C.S. =  w e 4 ; w e 4 
 
( )
10.9. (1 + 2i ) z − 2i = 6 + 1 + 3i  1 + 3i 
2
( ) ( )
( )
 (1 + 2i ) z 2 − 2i = 6 + 1 + 3i  1 − 3i  ( ) ( )
10 (1 − 2i )
(
 (1 + 2i ) z2 − 2i = 6 + 4  z2 − 2i = ) 10
1 + 2i
 z2 − 2i =
5
 z2 − 2i = 2 − 4i  z 2 = 2 − 2i  C. aux.:
• 22 + ( −2) =
2
 
i− 
 
i−  2 − 2i = 8
 z = 8e
2  4
z= 8e  4
 −2
• tg =    4º Q
 2
− + 2 k
i 4  tg = −1    4º Q
 z = 4 8e 2
, k  0,1

 =− p. ex.
  4
i− 
k = 0 : z = 8e 4  8
7
k = 1: z = 4 8e
i
8


 
i−  i
7 

C.S. =  4 8e  8  , 4 8e 8 

 

 
10.10. w 2 = w  (1 − i )  ( w e i ) = w e i ( − )  2e 
i− 
2
4 C. aux.:
• 1 − i = 12 + ( −1) =
2
2
 
i  − −  • tg = −1    4º Q
 w ei 2 = 2 w e
2  4


 =− p. ex.
 4
 w = 2 w  2 = − − + 2k , k 
2
4

 w − 2 w = 0  3 = − + 2k , k 
2
4
 2k
(
 w w − 2 = 0  = − ) 12
+
3
,k 
 2k
(
 w = 0  w = 2  = − ) 12
+
3
,k 
   7 5
i−  i i
 w = 0  w = 2e  12 
 w = 2e 12
 w = 2e 4


  
i−  i
7
i
5 

C.S. = 0, 2e  12  , 2e 12 , 2e 4 

 

10.11. iz3 − 3 − i = 0  iz3 = 3 + i  z3 = 3 + i  z3 = 3i 2+ i 

2
i i
 
−1 + 3i i− 
C. aux.:
z = 3
 z3 = 1 − 3i  z3 = 2e  3  
−1
( )
2
• 1 − 3i = 12 + − 3 =2
  
 − + 2 k 
 
i 3
 3


• tg = − 3    4º Q
i−   
, k  0,1,2
3
 z = 2e  3
 z = 2e 3  

 =− p. ex.
3
  2 k 
i− + 
 z = 2e 3  9 3 
, k  0,1,2
  5 11
i−  i i
 z = 3 2e  9
 z = 3 2e 9
 z = 3 2e 9


 
i−  i
5
i
11 

C.S. =  3 2e  9  , 3 2e 9 , 3 2e 9 

 

10.12. w 3 = w ( i − 1)  w 3 − w ( i − 1) = 0  w w 2 − i + 1 = 0  ( )
3
i
 w = 0  w 2 = −1 + i  w = 0  w 2 = 2e 4

3
+ 2 k
3
i 4
, k  0,1
i
w =0w = 2e 4
 w = 0  w = 4 2e 2
3
+ k
, k  0,1
i C. aux.:
 w = 0  w = 4 2e 8
• ( −1)
2
−1 + i = + 12 = 2
3 11
w =0w = 4
2e
i
8
w = 4
2e
i
8 • tg = −1    2º Q
3

 i
3
i
11

 = p. ex.
C.S. = 0, 4 2e 8 , 4 2e 8  4

 


10.13. z + z2 = −2  z 4 + 2z2 + 4 = 0  z2 = −2  4 − 4  1 4
4
2 2
−2 + −12 −2 − −12
 z2 =  z2 =  z2 = −1 + 3  z2 = −1 − 3
2 2
2 4
 z 2 = 2e
i
3
 z 2 = 2e
i
3

C. aux.:
(1)
2 4
( −1)
2 2
 z = 2e
i
3
 z = 2e
i
3
 −1 + 3 = + 3 =2
 2
+ 2 k
4
+ 2 k  tg = − 3    3º Q
 3 3
 2
  k  0,1
i i
  z = 2e 2
 z = 2e 2 = p. ex.
  3
  (2)
( )
 4 2 5
( −1)
2 2
z= 2e
i
3
z= 2e
i
3
z= 2e
i
3
z= 2e
i
3 −1 − 3 = + − 3 =2
 i

i
4
i
2
i
5
 tg = 3    3º Q
C.S. =  2e 3 , 2e 3 , 2e 3 , 2e 3 
  4
= p. ex.
3
( )
4
10.14. w = 5 3 − 4i
4
( ) , o que significa que a equação

4
As soluções desta equação são as raízes de índice 4 de 5 3 − 4i
tem 4 soluções.
, k  1,2,3 , ou
2 k
i
Uma dessas soluções é 5 3 − 4i e as restantes obtêm-se multiplicando esta por e 4
k
, k  1,2,3 .
i
seja, e 2
Assim:
• w 0 = 5 3 − 4i

( ) = (5 )
i
• w1 = 5 3 − 4i e 2
3 − 4i i = 4 + 5 3i
• w2 = (5 3 − 4i ) e = ( 5 i
3 − 4i )  ( −1) = −5 3 + 4i
3
( ) ( )
= 5 3 − 4i  ( −i ) = −4 − 5 3i
i
• w 3 = 5 3 − 4i e 2

 C.S. = 5 3 − 4i ,4 + 5 3i , −5 3 + 4i, −4 − 5 3i 
2 2
z−i   −i + z  z−i  z−i 
10.15. 2   + 2  + 1= 0  2  + 2  + 1= 0 
 z   z   z   z 
z − i −2  22 − 4  2  1 z − i −2  −4 z − i −2  2i
 =  =  =
z 22 z 4 z 4

z−i 1 1 z−i 1 1 1 1 1 1
 =− + i = − − i  z − i = − z + iz  z − i = − z − iz 
z 2 2 z 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 3 1
 z − iz = i  z + iz = i 
2 2 2 2
3 1  3 1  i i
  − i z = i   + i z = i  z = z= 
2 2  2 2  3 1
− i
3 1
+ i
2 2 2 2
2i 2i 2i ( 3 + i ) 2i ( 3 − i )
z= z= z= z= 
3−i 3+i 10 10
6i + 2i 2 6i − 2i 2 1 3 1 3
z= z= z=− + iz= + i
10 10 5 5 5 5
 1 3 1 3 
C.S. = − + i ; + i 
 5 5 5 5 

( ) ( )e
6 i
i i
10.16. w  w + 729wi = 0  w  w e
6
+ 729 w e 2
=0

 w  w ei 6 + 729  w e (
6 i − ) i
e 2
=0
 
i  − 
7 i 6
w e = −729  w e 2 

 
i  − 
7 i 6 i
w e = e  729  w e 2 

 3 
i − 
 w ei 6 = 729  w e 
7 2 

3
 w = 729 w  6 = −  + 2k , k 
7
2
3
 w − 729 w = 0  7 = + 2k , k 
7
(
 w w − 729 = 0   =
6
) 3 2k
14
+
7
,k 
 w 0
 3 2k
  w = 0  w = 6 729 = 0    = + ,k 
  14 7
3 2k
 ( w = 0  w = 3)   = + ,k 
14 7
3  11 15 19 23 27
i i i i i i i
w = 0  w = 3e 14
 w = 3e 2
 w = 3e 14
 w = 3e 14
 w = 3e 14
 w = 3e 14
 w = 3e 14
 i
3
i

i
11
i
15
i
19
i
23
i
27

C.S. = 0,3e 14 ,3e 2 ,3e 14 ,3e 14 ,3e 14 ,3e 14 ,3e 14 
 

13
i
11. w = 10e 14
13
Temos que  2º Q , logo o ponto D é o afixo de w ( w = zD ).
14
Assim, e como o polígono  ABCDEFG  é um heptágono regular, com centro na origem, temos que:
 13 2  17
i +  i
zE = 10e  14 7 
= 10e 14
 17 2  3
i +  i
zF = 10e  14 7 
= 10e 2
 3 2  25
i +  i
zG = 10e  2 7 
= 10e 14
 25 2  29 
i +  i i
zA = 10e  14 7 
= 10e 14
= 10e 14
  2  5
i +  i
zB = 10e  14 7 
= 10e 14
 5 2  9
i +  i
zC = 10e  14 7 
= 10e 14
12.
12.1. 3x 2 + 75 = 0  x 2 = −25  x =  −25  x = −5i  x = 5i
C.S. = −5i ,5i 
12.2. 8y = 2y 2 + 58  y 2 − 4y + 29 = 0  y = 4  16 − 4  1 29 
2 1
4  −100
y =  y = 2 + 5i  y = 2 − 5i
2
C.S. = 2 + 5i,2 − 5i 
12.3. z 4 + 2z3 = −3z2  z 4 + 2z3 + 3z2 = 0 
−2  4 − 4  1 3
( )
 z2 z2 + 2z + 3 = 0  z2 = 0  z =
2 1

−2  −8
 z =0 z =  z = 0  z = −1 + 2i  z = −1 − 2i
2

C.S. = 0, −1 + 2i , −1 − 2i 
12.4. z3 + 4z2 + 4 + 6z = 0  z3 + 4z 2 + 6z + 4 = 0 
(
 ( z + 2) z2 + 2z + 2 = 0  ) C. aux.:
1 4 6 4
−2  4 − 4  1 2 −2 −2 −4 −4
 z = −2  z = 
2 1 1 2 2 0

−2  −4
 z = −2  z = 
2
 z = −2  z = −1+ i  z = −1− i
C.S. = −2, −1 + i, −1 − i 
13. Sejam zC , zE e zF os números complexos cujos afixos são o ponto C , E e F , respetivamente.
Então zC = ( 2 + i )  i 2 = ( 2 + i )  ( −1) = −2 − i e C ( −2, −1)

Portanto:
2
 2 2 
zE = ( −2 − i )  e = ( −2 − i )  cos
i
• 3
+ sen i=
 3 3 
 1 3  1 3 2
= ( −2 − i )  − + i  = 1 − 3i + i − i =
 2 2   2 2

3 1 2 + 3 1− 2 3
= 1+ + i − 3i = + i
2 2 2 2
 2 + 3 1− 2 3 
Logo E  , 
 2 2
 
 2  4
i  2 
zF = ( −2 − i )  e = ( −2 − i )  e
i
•  3  3
 4 4 
= ( −2 − i )  cos + sen i=
 3 3 
 1 3  1 3 2
= ( −2 − i )  − − i  = 1 + 3i + i + i
 2 2   2 2

3 1 2 − 3 1+ 2 3
= 1− + i + 3i = + i
2 2 2 2
 2 − 3 1+ 2 3 
Logo F  , 
 2 2
 
13
i
14. z = 4e 15
ˆ =
14.1. Temos que OAB
( 5 − 2)   =
3
5 5
Seja A ' a projeção ortogonal de A sobre o segmente de reta OB  .
ˆ =
ˆ ' = 3 e AOB  ˆ  3  
Então OAA  AOB =  − 2 − 10 = 5  .
10 5  

   OA ' 1 + 5 OA ' 13

Portanto, cos   =  = ( z = 4e
i
15
logo z = 4 , ou seja, OA = 4 )
 5  OA 4 4
 OA ' = 1 + 5 , donde se conclui que OB = 2 + 2 5 .
16
ˆ =  , z = 2 + 2 5 ei  15 + 5  = 2 + 2 5 ei 15 , onde z é o número
 13  
( )
13
( )
i
Como z = 4e 5
e AOB B B
5
complexo cujo afixo é o ponto B .
 16 2  22
ˆ = 3 −  = 2 , logo zD = 4e  15 5  = 4e
i +  i
15
Por outro lado, BOD , onde zD e o número complexo
5 5 5
cujo afixo é o ponto D .
( ) (
14.2. AB + OA  OD = OA + AB  OD = OB  OD )
ˆ
= OB  OD  cos BOD = ( )
 2 
( )
= 2 + 2 5  4  cos 
 5 
=
     
( 
)
= 8 + 8 5   cos2   − sen 2    =
5  5 
  1 + 5 2  
  
(
= 8 + 8 5   ) 
  4  
−  1 − cos2     =
 5 
 
  1 + 5 2  1+ 5  
2
(
= 8 + 8 5   )
  4 
 − 1 +   =
4  
  
 
(
= 8 + 8 5  2
 )1+ 2 5 + 5
16
− 1 =

 
6+2 5 
(
= 8 +8 5 
 8
) − 1 =

 
3 
(
= 8 +8 5  +
4 4
5
)
− 1 =

 
 5 1
(
= 8 +8 5 
 4
− =)
4 

= 2 5 − 2 + 10 − 2 5
=8

15. 2x 2 − ( 3 − k ) x + 4 = 0
Uma vez que as raízes da equação não são valores reais então
  0  ( − ( 3 − k ) ) − 4  2  4  0  9 − 6k + k 2 − 32  0 
2
 k 2 − 6k − 23  0
3−4 2 k 3+4 2
C.S. =  3 − 4 2,3 + 4 2 
C. aux.:
k 2 − 6k − 23 = 0 
6  36 − 4  1 ( −23 )
k=
2
6  128
k =
2
68 2
k =
2
k =34 2
16. z3 + z2 = 2  z3 + z 2 − 2 = 0
(
 ( z − 1) z2 + 2z + 2 = 0  )
−2  4 − 4  1 2
 z = 1 z = 
2 1
−2  2i
 z = 1 z = 
2
 z = 1 z = −1− i  z = −1+ i
C.S. = 1, −1 − i, −1 + i 
C. aux.: m2 ( x − 1) − 2 = x − 3m  m2 x − x = −3m + m2 + 2
m 2 − 3m + 2
( )
 x m 2 − 1 = m 2 − 3m + 2  x =
m2 − 1
A equação é impossível se m2 − 1 = 0  m = −1  m = 1

• Se m = −1
1 1 0 −2
−1 −1 0 0
1 0 0 −2
• Se m = 1
1 1 0 −2
1 1 2 2
1 2 2 0
m = 1
17.
17.1. w − 2 + i = 2  Im (w )  0  w − ( 2 − i ) = 2  Im (w )  0
17.2. 3  w + 3i  4i  Re (w ) + Im ( −1 + 2i )  5 
3  w − ( −3i )  4  Re (w ) + 2  5 
3  w − ( −3i )  4  Re (w )  3

3 
( )  A rg (w − 1)  −
2
17.3. w − 1 − i  −1 + 3i − C. aux.:
( −1 + 3i )
4 2 2
• =
3 
 w − (1 + i )  2 − 2 3i  −  A rg (w − 1)  − = 1 − 2 3i − 3
4 2
= 2 − 2 3i
3 
 w − (1 + i )  4  −  A rg (w − 1)  − • 2 − 2 3i =
4 2
( )
2
= 22 + 2 3 =
= 4 + 12 = 4
 
17.4. w − 1 − i = w   A rg (w )  
4 2
 
 w − (1 + i ) = w − ( 0 + 0i )   A rg (w ) 
4 2
17.5. 2i − w  w + 6  Im (w )  2 
 w − 2i  w − ( −6 )  Im (w )  2  Im (w )  −2

(
17.6. w + 2 + 4i  w − 2 − 4i  w − 2  2  Re ( 2 − w )  2 )
 w − ( −2 − 4i )  w − ( 2 + 4i )  ( w − 2  2  Re ( 2 − x − yi )  2 )
 w − ( −2 − 4 i )  w − ( 2 + 4 i )  ( w − 2  2  2 − x  2 )
 w − ( −2 − 4i )  w − ( 2 + 4i )  ( w − 2  2  x  0 )
 w
17.7.  
1 
(
   w + w  0   A rg ( iw ) =  k, k 
  3i 3  
2
)
 w 1 
 
  3i 3   (
   ( x + yi + x − yi )  0   A rg i 2w 2 =  k, k  )
 
(
 ( w  1  x  0)  A rg −w 2 =  k, k  )
(
 ( w  1  x  0 )  A rg − w e i ( ) ) =  k, k 
2

(
 ( w  1  x  0 )  A rg ei  w ei 2 =  k, k 
2
)
 ( w  1  x  0 )  A rg ( w e( ) =  k, k 
2 i 2 + )
 ( w  1  x  0 )  2 +  =  k, k 
 k
 ( w  1  x  0)   = − + ,k 
2 2
17.8. 6 (w + w )  13 − w  w  4i  Re (w )  1 
 6  ( x + yi + x − yi )  13 − ( x + yi )( x − yi )  4i  x  1
 12x  13 − x 2 − y 2  4i  x  1
1
 x 2 + 12x + y 2  13  x 
4
 1 1
 ( x + 6 ) + y 2  49   x   x  − 
2
 4 4 


i
e5 1 −w − w 3
17.9.    Im (w + 5i )    A rg (w + 5 ) 
w 5 2 2

i
5
e
1 − x − yi − x + yi 3
    Im ( x + yi + 5i )    A rg (w − ( −5 ) ) 
w 5 2 2
3
  − x  y + 5    A rg (w − ( −5 ) ) 
1 1
 
w 5 2
3
 w  5  y  − x − 5    A rg (w − ( −5 ) ) 
2

 1  i
  1  8w − 27e = 0 
3 3
17.10. Re 
w + 2

 1  i
 Re    1  8w 3
= 27e 3

 x + 2 + yi 
 x + 2 − yi  27 i 3
 Re    1  w 3
= e 
 ( x + 2 )2 + y 2  8
 
x+2 27 i 3
  1 w = 3 e 
( x + 2)
2
+ y2 8

 
+ 2 k 
 3 i3 3 
  x + 2  ( x + 2) + y  w = e , k  0,1,2   ( x + 2 ) + y 2  0
2 2 2
 2 
 
  2 k 
3 i + 
 x + 2  x + 4x + 4 + y  w = e  9
2 2 3 
, k  0,1,2  ( x, y )  ( −2,0 )
2
 3 i 3 i 7 3 i 13 
 x 2 + 3 x + 2 + y 2  0   w = e 9  w = e 9  w = e 9   ( x, y )  ( −2,0 )
 2 2 2 
 2 3 1  3 i 9 3 i 79 3 i 139 
  x +  + y   w = e  w = e  w = e
2

 2 4  2 2 2 
18.
( −2 − 0) + ( −2 − 0 ) = 8 = 2 2
2 2
18.1. BO =
 3
z − ( −2 − 2i )  2 2   arg ( z − ( −2 − 2i ) )  
4 4
 3
 z + 2 + 2i  2 2   arg ( z + 2 + 2i ) 
4 4
4 11
18.2.  arg ( z )   Im ( z )  −3
3 6
( ) (
18.3. z − 2i  3  z − 2i  z − ( 2 − i )  Re ( z )  0  z − 2i  3  z − 2i  z − ( 2 − i )  Im ( z )  0 )
 ( z − 2i  3  z − 2i  z − 2 + i  Re ( z )  0 )  ( z − 2i  3  z − 2i  z − 2 + i  Im ( z )  0 )
18.4. C1C2 = 9 − 7 logo rC = 9 − 7 − 2 = 7 − 7

2

z − ( −3 + 4i )  4  z − ( −3 + 2i )  2  z − 4 + 7 i  7 − 7 ( )
 z + 3 − 4i  4  z + 3 − 2i  2  z − 4 + 7 i  7 − 7 ( )
  
18.5.  arg ( z − ( −4i ) )  +  Re ( z )  5 
6 6 5
 11
  arg ( z + 4i )   Re ( z )  5
6 30
 
18.6. z − ( −1 + i ) = z −  1 + 21 i   z − ( 0 + 0i )  5  −2  Re ( Z )  3
 2  2

21 5 C. aux.:
 z + 1− i = z − 1− i  z   −2  Re ( Z )  3
2 2 x2 + y 2 =
25
4
( )
1,3
25 21
12 + y 2 =  y2 =
4 4
21
y =
2
 21   21 
 1,  e  1, −  são pontos da
 2   2 
circunferência.
19. 5Im (w ) = 13 − 2Re (w )  3Re w + 12Im w = 0  ( ) ( )
 5y = 13 − 2x  3x + 12 ( −y ) = 0 
 5y + 2x = 13  x = 4y 
 5y + 2  4y = 13  x = 4y 
 13y = 13  x = 4y 
 y = 1 x = 4
w = 4 + i
20. z1 =  − 3 − 3i k + 4isen  11  e
( ) z2 = 4 − 4 3i
9
k =7  2 
20.1. z1 =  − 3 − 3i k + 4isen  11  =

( )
9
k =7  2 
 3 
( ) (
= − 3 − 3i 7 + − 3 − 3i 8 + − 3 − 3i 9 + 4isen 
 2 
) (
= )
= − 3 − 3i 3 − 3 − 3i 0 − 3 − 3i + 4i  ( −1) =
= − 3 + 3i − 3 − 3 − 3 − 3i − 4i =
= −4 3 − 4i =
 7 
i 
= 8e  6 
c.q.m.
3
 z1 
(
20.2. z1 − z1   )  =
 z2 
Calc. Aux.:
(1)
( −4 3 ) + ( −4 ) = 8
2
•
2
 7

3
−4 3 − 4i =
(( −4 3 − 4i ) − ( −4 3 − 4i ))
i
= 

8e 6 
 −4
 4 − 4 3i  • tg =    3º Q
  −4 3
3
 i
7

3
 tg =    3º Q
( )
3
= −4 3 + 4i + 4 3 + 4i   
6
8e
   7
 i  − 3   = p. ex.
 8e  6
3
(2)
 i 7  + 2 
= 8i   e 6 6  = • 4 − 4 3i = 8
 
−4 3
3
• tg =    4º Q
 i
9
 i
9 4
= 8i   e 6
 = 8i  e 2
=
   tg = − 3    4º Q

i

 =− p. ex.
= 8i  e 2
= 8i  i = 8i = −8 2
3
20.3. z1 = n w e z2 = n w , ou seja,
n
 i 76   i  − 3  
n
( z1 ) = ( z2 )
n n
  8e  =  8e  
   

7 n  n 
i i− 
8 e n 6
=8 en  3 
7n n
 8n = 8n  =− + 2k , k 
6 3
 7n = −2n + 12k , k 
 9n = 12k , k 
12k
n= ,k 
9
4k
n= ,k 
3
• k = 0 : n = 0
• k = 1: n = 4 
3
• k = 2: n = 8
3
• k = 3 : n = 4
n = 4
21.
 0 + 2 k  2 k
i 
, k  0,1,2 = e , k  0,1,2
i
21.1. 3 1 = 3 ei 0 = 3 1e  3  3
k = 0 : ei 0 = 1
2
i  2   2  1 3
k = 1: e 3
= cos   + sen   i = − + i
 3   3  2 2
4
i  4   4  1 3
k =2: e 3
= cos   + sen  3  i = − 2 − 2 i
 3   
As raízes cúbicas de 1 são 1 , − 1 + 3 i e − 1 − 3 i .

2 2 2 2
21.2. w1 = − 1 + 3 i e w2 = − 1 − 3 i
2 2 2 2
 1 3   1 3 
 z + − i z + +
 
i=
 2 2   2 2 
1 3 1 1 3 3 3 3
= z2 + z+ iz + z + + i− iz − i − i2 =
2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4
1 3
= z2 + z + + = z2 + z + 1 c. q. m.
4 4
13
13 i
i 6e 12
21.3. w  z = 6e 12
z=
8 − 8i
13
i  13  C. aux.:
6e 12
3 i  12 + 
z= z= e 4

 
i−  2 • 8 − 8i =
4e  4
( 8) + ( 8)
2 2
3 i 16 3 i 4 = =4
 z = e 12  z = e 3 
2 2 − 8
• tg =    4º Q
8
3  4   4  
 z =  cos   + sen  3 i    tg = −1    4º Q
2  3     
 =− p. ex.
3 1 3  4
z=  − − i
2 2 2 
3 3 3
z=− − i
4 4

22. z = sen + 2bi ,    − , −   e b

 2
 5 
i− 
w =e  2 
 = 2a
 5 
i− 
19 19  5 
i i i−  e 2 
ze 4
=w  ze 4
=e  2 
z=  19 

i 
 4 
e
 5 19 
i− − 
z=e  2 4 

 10 19 
i− − 
z=e  4 4 

 29 
i− 
z=e  4 

3
i  3   3 
z=e 4
 sen + 2bi = cos   + sen   i
 4   4 
2 2
 sen + 2bi = − + i
2 2
2 2  
 sen = −  2b =    − , − 
2 2  2
3 2
 =− b= 
4 4
3 2
 2a = − b= 
4 4
3 2
a=− b=
8 4
(− )
3
3 + 3i  7 
i− 
23. z = e  12 
6 (1 − i )
1
= ei  ,   3 
z2 = 6ei e z3  , 
2 2 

(− )
3
3 + 3i  7 
i− 
23.1. z1 + z2 = e  12 
+ 6ei =
6 (1 − i )
3
 i
2

 12e 3
  7 
=   i− 
 e  12  + ( −6 ) =
 i−  
 
6  2e  4  
 
 
 7 
12 12ei 2 i− 
=  
e  12 
−6=
i− 
 4
12e
  7   
i  2 + −  i− 
= 12e  4 12 
− 6 = 12e  3
−6
      1 3 
= 12  cos  −  + sen  −  i  − 6 = 12  − i−6
  3  3  2 2 

 
i− 
= 6 − 6 3i − 6 = −6 3i = 6 3e  2
C. aux.:
(1)
(− 3 )
2
− 3 + 3i = + 32 = 12
3 2
tg =    2º Q  tg = − 3    2º Q  = p. ex.
− 3 3
(2)
1 − i = 12 + ( −1) = 2
2
−1 
tg =    4º Q  tg = −1    4º Q  = − p. ex.
1 4

(− )
3
3 + 3i  7 
( )
i 
23.2. z = e  12 
= 6 − 6 3i  A 6, −6 3
6 (1 − i ) ( 23.1)
1
z2 = 6ei = −6  B ( −6,0)
z1 + z2 = −6 3i (
 C 0, −6 3 )
66 3
A ABC = = 18 3 u.a.
2
(
23.3. z1  ( z3 ) = 6 − 6 3  e ) ( )
4
4 i
= C. aux.:
( )
2
6 − 6 3i = 62 + −6 3 = 12
 
i− 
= 12e  3
 ei 4  = tg =
−6 3
   4º Q
6
  
= 12e
i  − +4 
 3  tg = − 3    4º Q

 = − p. ex.
3

  
i  − +4 
 3 
12e é um número imaginário puro se e só se
 
− + 4 = + k , k 
3 2
5
 4 = + k , k 
6
5 k
= + ,k 
24 4
Como     , 3  :
2 2 
k = 2 :  = 5 + 2 = 17
24 4 24
5 3 23
k =3:  = + =
24 4 24
k = 4 :  = 5 + 4 = 29
24 4 24
5 5 35
k =5:  = + =
24 4 24
Os valores de  são 17 , 23 29

, e
35
.
24 24 24 24

i
24. w = w e 2
3 
24.1. z3  w = 4ei 2 − 4i  z = −1 + e
i
2

w
4 − 4i
 z3 =  z3 = ( −1 + i ) w 
w
4 − 4i 4 − 4i
 z3 =  = ( −1 + i ) w 
w w
4 − 4i 4 − 4i
 z3 =  w2 = 
w −1 + i
 z3 =
4 − 4i
 w2 =
( 4 − 4i )( −1 − i ) 
w 2
4 − 4i −4 − 4i + 4i + 4i 2
 z3 =  w2 = 
w 2
4 − 4i
 z3 =  w 2 = −4 
w
4 − 4i
 z3 =  w 2 = 4ei 
w

4 − 4i
 z3 =  w = 4ei  ~
w
 + 2 k
4 − 4i
 w = 4e 2 , k  0,1
i
 z3 =
w
 
4 − 4i i  + k 
 z3 =  w = 2e  2  , k  0,1
w

k = 0 : w = 2e 2 = 2i
i
3
k = 1: w
i
= 2e 2
= −2i
Como o afixo de w pertence ao semieixo positivo Oy , w = 2i .
4 − 4i 4i − 4i 2 4 + 4i
24.2. z 3 =  z3 =  z3 =  z 3 = −2 − 2i
2i 2i 2
−2
5
i
 z3 = 8e 4
 C. aux.:
• ( −2) + ( −2) = 8
2 2
5
−2 − 2i =
3 i
z= 8e 4
 −2
• tg =    3º Q
5
−2
+ 2 k
i 4
 tg = 1    3º Q
 z = 3 8e 3
, k  0,1,2 5
 =
5 + 8 k 
4
, k  0,1,2
i
 z = 6 23 e 12
5 + 8 k 
, k  0,1,2
i
 z = 2e 12
5
k = 0 : z = 2e 12
i
13
k = 1:
i
z= 2e 12
21 7
k = 2:
i i
z = 2e 12
= 2e 4
5 13 7
i i i
Os valores de z são 2e 12
, 2e 12
, 2e 4
.

24.3. A ABCD = 20  AC  BD = 20 
2
4  BD
 = 20 
2
 BD = 10
2 2
AB = 22 + 52  AB = 29  AB = 29 , AB  0
P ABCD = 4  AB = 4 29 u.m.
zA  w = 2i , zB = −5 , zC = −2i e zD = 5 .
25.
25.1. w 4 + 2w 2 = −4  (w 2 ) + 2w 2 + 4 = 0  w 2 = −2  4 − 4  1 4
2
−2  −12 −2  2 3i
 w2 =  w2 =  w 2 = −1 − 3i  w 2 = −1 + 3i
2 2
4 2
i i
 w 2 = 2e 3
 w 2 = 2e 3
 C. aux.:
( −1) ( )
2
•
2
4 2 −1 − 3i = + − 3 =2
i i
 w = 2e 3
 w = 2e 3
− 3
tg =    3º Q
4
+ 2 k
2
+ 2 k −1
i 3 i 3
 w = 2e 2
 w = 2e 2
, k  0,1 tg = 3    3º Q
4
4 + 6 k  2 + 6 k = p. ex.
, k  0,1
i i
 w = 2e 6
 w = 2e 6 3
• −1 + 3i = 2
2 + 3 k  + 3 k
, k  0,1 tg = − 3    2º Q
i i
 w = 2e 3
 w = 2e 3
2
i
2
i
5
i

i
4 = p. ex.
 w = 2e 3
 w = 2e 3
 w = 2e 3
 w = 2e 3 3
4
i
Como o afixo de z pertence ao 3º quadrante z = 2e 3
1 1 1
3
= = =
i
 4
 
3
3 3   2 2 
z3 + 2e 4 i
 2e 3  + 2  cos + sen 2 2ei 4 + 2  − + i
4 
i
   4  2 2 
1 2 2 − 1− i 2 2 − 1− i
= = = =
2 2 − 1+ i ( )
2 2 − 1 + 1 8 − 4 2 + 1+ 1
2
=
2 2 − 1− i
=
(2 )(
2 − 1 − i 10 + 4 2 ) = 20 2 + 16 − 10 − 4 2 − 10i − 4 2i
10 − 4 2 100 − 32 68
16 2 + 6 −10 − 4 2 8 2 +3 5+2 2
= + i= − i
68 68 34 34

255
25.2. z = − 8i
4
2
 1  255
a) zA = z  ( zA )
2
= z  x + i  = − 8i 
 2  4
1 2 255 1 255
 x 2 + xi + i = − 8i  x 2 − + xi = − 8i 
4 4 4 4
1 255 256
 x2 − =  x = −8  4 x 2 − 1 = 255  x = −8  x 2 =  x = −8
4 4 4
 x 2 = 64  x = −8  x = 8  x = −8  x = −8
 A abcissa do ponto A é −8 .
b) z2 = ei  ,    3 ,   O afixo de z é um ponto
 4 
do 4ºQ , logo
z  z2 = z e i  e i  = z e (
i  + ) arg z =   4º Q
3
  
4
3
+  +    +
4
2ºQ 2ºQ
  +   2º Q
 O afixo de z  z2 encontra-se no 2º quadrante.
2
26. w1 = 1 + 3i + i 26 = 1 + 3 i + i 2 = − 1 + 3 i = e 3
i C. aux.:
2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3
• − + i = + =1
−2 −2 2 2 4 4
w2 = = =
 1 3  3 1 3
i  − + i  − − i
 2 2  2 2
tg = 2    2º Q
1
 3 1  −
−2  − + i 2
 2 2   
i− 
= = 3 − i = 2e  6   tg = − 3    2º Q
1
2
 = p. ex,
w 3 = 2e (
i  − )
,    − , −   3
 2 • 3 − i = 3 +1= 2
−1
tg =    4º Q
3
3
 tg = −    4º Q
3

 = − p. ex.
6

2
i
w1 4 e 3
26.1. = z  
=4z
w2 i− 
2e  6 
 2  
1 i +  1 i 5
 e  3 6 = 4 z  e 6 = 4 z
2 2
4
 1 i 5  1 i 103
z= e 6  z= e 
2  16
1 i 43 1  4   4  
 z = e  z =  cos   + sen  i 
16 16   3   3  
1  1 3  1 3
z=  − − i z=− − i
16  2 2  32 32
26.2. w 2 = z  w 3 = z
3 3
 (w 2 ) = z  (w 3 ) = z
3 3
3
 i  −   
( )
3
  2e  6   = z  2e ( )
i  −
=z
 
 
 
i− 
= z  8e (
i 3 −3 )
 8e  2
=z
 
i− 
= 8e (
i 3 − )
 8e  2

8=8− = 3 −  + 2 k, k 
2

− +  − 2 k = 3 , k 
2

 3 = − 2 k, k 
2
 2 k
 = − ,k 
6 3

k =0:  = e    − , −  
6  2
k = 1:  =  − 2 =  − 4 = − 3 = −  e    − , −  
6 3 6 6 6 2  2
k = 2 :  =  − 4 =  − 8 = − 7 e    − , −  
6 3 6 6 6  2
 Como    − , −   , w 2 e w3 não podem ser ambas raízes cúbicas de um mesmo nº complexo.

 2

 
( )
i−  10
 2e (
 6 i  − )  
w2  w 10 2e i− 
26.3.
3
= −2048i   2 
= −2048e  2

−w1 i 
−e  3 
  
i  +10 −10 
i i (10 −10 )    
2e  2 e 6 10 i−  2 e 11 6  i− 
 2
= 2048e  2
 5
= 2048e  2
i i
i
e e 3
e 3
 23     23   
i  10 −  i−  i  10 −  i− 
 2048e  2 
= 2048e  2
e 2 
=e 2

23 
 10 − = − + 2k , k   10 = 11 + 2k , k  
2 2
11 k
 = + ,k 
10 5
k = −8 :  11 8 11 16   

= − = − = −   − , − 
10 5 10 10 2  2
k = −9 :  = 11 −
9 11 18
= − =−
7  
  − , − 
10 5 10 10 10  2
k = −10 :  = 11 −
10 11 20
= − =−
9  
  − , − 
10 5 10 10 10  2
k = −11 :  = 11 −
11 11 22
= − =−
11  
 − , − 
10 5 10 10 10  2
Como    − , −   , = − 7 e  = − 9 .
 2 10 10
2  2 
i− 
26.4. w3 + 2w1 = 2e (
i  − )
= 2e (
i i  − )
+ 2e 3
+ 2e  3 
=
  2   2  
= 2 ( cos ( −  ) + sen ( −  ) i ) + 2  cos  −  + sen  − i  =
  3   3  
 1 3 
= 2 ( − cos ( ) − sen ( ) i ) + 2  − − i=
 2 2 

= −2cos ( ) − 2sen ( ) i − 1 − 3i =
= ( −2 cos ( ) − 1) + −2sen ( ) − 3 i ( )
 w 3 + 2w1 é um número real se e só se −2sen ( ) − 3 =0
3  2
 sen ( ) = −   = − + 2k   = − + 2k
2 3 3
2
Como    − , −   ,  = −
 2 3

27. z =
5
sen ( 2 )  e ( ) e
i −
w = i 3 (4 − i )
8
27.1. w = i 3 ( 4 − i ) = −i ( 4 − i ) = i 2 − 4i = −1 − 4i C. aux.: w = −1 − 4i
• ( −1) + ( −4 ) = 17
2 2
5 w =
z = sen ( 2 ) e ( ) =
i −
sen ( 2 ) ( cos ( − ) + sen ( − ) i ) =

5
=
8
5
= 2sen cos  ( cos  + sen i ) =
8
=
5
8
(
2sen cos2  − 2sen 2 cos  i = )
5 5
= sen cos2  − sen 2 cos  i
4 4
2 2
5  4  1  5 4   1 
= − − − − −
4  17   17  4  17   17 
      i
=−
5
+
20
i sen = sen ( +  ) cos  = cos ( +  )
17 17 17 17 = −sen = − cos 
4 1
=− =−
17 17
27.2. y  y 2 = (w + 5)3  y  ( y ei ) = ( −1 − 4i + 5)3 

2
3
 i−  
 
 y  y ei 2 = ( 4 − 4i )  y ei 2
2 3 3
=  32e  4   
 
  C. aux.:
 3  • 42 + ( −4 ) = 32
2
3 i 2
3 i−  4 − 4i =
 y e = 32 e  4 

−4
• tg =    4º Q
3 3 4
 y = 32  2 = − + 2k , k 
3
4  tg = −1    4º Q

3  =− p. ex.
 y = 32   = − + k , k  4
8
 3  5
i−  i
 y = 32e  8 
 y = 32e 8

28. z = 2cos2  − sen ( 2 ) i , com 0    2
28.1.
• ( 2 cos  ) + ( −sen ( 2 ) ) =
2 2
z = 2
= 4 cos4  + sen 2 ( 2 ) =
4cos4  + ( 2sen cos ) =

2
=
= 4cos4  + 4sen 2 cos2  =
= (
4 cos2  cos2  + sen 2 = )
= 4cos2   1 = 2 cos 
 z = 2 cos 
−sen ( 2 ) −2sen cos sen

• tg  =  tg  =  tg  = − 
2cos2  2cos2  cos

 tg  = −tg  tg  = tg ( − )   = − + k , k    + k , k 
2
 
Como   0,   e   , arg ( z ) = − +  k, k   
2 2
28.2. z = i − z  2cos2  − sen ( 2 ) i = i − 2cos2  + sen ( 2 ) i 
( 2 cos  ) + ( sen ( 2 ) ) = ( −2 cos  ) + (1 + sen ( 2 ) ) 

2 2 2 2
 2 2
 4 cos4  + sen 2 ( 2 ) = 4 cos4  + 1 + 2sen ( 2 ) + sen 2 ( 2 ) 
1
 1 + 2sen ( 2 ) = 0  sen ( 2 ) = − 
2
 5
 2 = − + 2k  2 = − + 2k , k 
6 6
 5
 = − + k   = − + k , k 
12 12
7 11
Como   0,   ,  =  =
12 12

w2 = cos  + (1 + sen ) i e w 3 = ( )
5 3
29. w1 = 2e
i
4 , 2 − 6i
i

 i
5

e 2   2e 4  i
  5 
i− 
C. aux.:
  e  2e  4 
( )
iw1 2 2 2
= = =
2
29.1. • 2 − 6i = 2 + − 6
( )
3 3
w3 2 − 6i  i−  
 
 8e  3   = 8
 
  − 6
• tg =    4º Q
  5 
i − 
 3 
2
2 4  i  − + 
2e 1
C. aux.: = i ( − )
= e  4 
=  tg = − 3    4º Q
 8 8e 16
2  
   =− p. ex.
 82 2  3
1 i 4 1      
= e =  cos   + sen   i  =
16 16  4 4 
1  2 2  2 2
=  + i= + i
16  2 2  32 32
29.2. w2 = cos2  + (1 + sen )2 = cos2  + 1 + 2sen + sen2  =
 4
= 2 + 2sen = 2 + 2 −  =
 5
8 2 2 10 C. aux.:
= 2− = = =
5 5 5 5
z = −6 − 8i
a = 10 e b = 5 z = ( −6)
2
+ ( −8) = 10
2
 = − + 
sen = sen ( − +  ) =
8 4
= −sen = − =−
10 5
4
 sen = −
5
30. z = ei
((e ))
3 3
i
z +z= + e i =
( ) + cos ( ) + sen ( ) i =
3
= e(
i − )
+ cos ( ) + sen ( ) i =
i ( −3  )
=e
= cos ( −3 ) + sen ( −3 ) i + cos ( ) + sen ( ) i =
= cos ( 3 ) − sen ( 3 ) i + cos ( ) + sen ( ) i =
= cos ( 2 +  ) − sen ( 2 +  ) i + cos ( ) + sen ( ) i =
= cos ( 2 ) cos − sen ( 2 ) sen − sen ( 2 ) cos i − sen cos ( 2 ) i + cos + sen i =
= cos ( 2 ) cos − 2sen cos sen − 2sen cos cos i − sen cos ( 2 ) i + cos + sen i =
= cos ( 2 ) cos  − 2sen2 cos  − 2cos2  sen i − sen cos (2 ) i + cos  + sen i =
( ) (
= cos  cos ( 2 ) − 2sen2 + 1 + isen −2cos2  − cos ( 2 ) + 1 = )
= cos  ( cos  − sen  − 2sen  + cos  + sen  ) +
2 2 2 2 2
+isen ( −2cos  − cos  + sen  + cos  + sen  ) =

2 2 2 2 2
= cos  ( 2cos  − 2sen  ) + isen ( −2cos  + 2sen  ) =

2 2 2 2
= 2cos  ( cos  − sen  ) − i 2sen (cos  − sen  ) =

2 2 2 2
= 2 ( cos  − sen  ) (cos  − sen i ) =

2 2
= 2cos ( 2 ) ( cos ( − ) + sen ( − ) i ) =
= 2cos ( 2 ) e (
i − )
c.q.m.
31. w1 = 3 + 3i w 2 = 6w1 (1 − i )
( ) ( ) ( 6( ) )
6
1442  w1 − 3 − w 26 1442  3 + 3i − 3 − 3 + 3i (1 − i )
31.1. w =  3 
=  3 
i−  i− 
 2 
144 e 2
144 2 e  2 
( ) (1 − i )
6 6 6
3  1442 i − 6 3 + 3i C. aux.:
= 2
= 2
144 i
• 3 + 3i = 3 + 32 = 12
6
 i−  
 
6
 i 

tg =
3
   1º Q
3  144 i − 216   12e 3 
2
 2e  4  
    3
=   =  = 3   1ºQ
2
144 i 
 = p. ex.
 3  3
i− 
3  1442 i − 216  1728ei 2  8e  2 
• 1 − i = 12 + ( −1) = 2
2
= =
1442 i −1
tg =    4º Q
62 208i − 2985 984i −2923 776i 1
= = =
20 736i 20 736i  tg = −1    4º Q

 
i−   =− p. ex.
= −141i = 141e  2 4

n n
 w14     w3 
n
w14
31.2.   =   = 1
 =
 2   6w1 (1 − i )   6 (1 − i ) 
w  
n
  i 
  3
  12e 3    n
i  5 n
3
     12 e   i  i
5 n
=   
=  =  12e 4
 = 12 n
e 4
i−  
 
 i− 
   
6  2e  4    12e  4  
 
 
5 n
i
12n e 4
tem o seu afixo no 2º quadrante e a pertenceu à bissetriz dos quadrantes pares se e só se
5n 3
= + 2k , k 
4 4
 5n = 3 + 8k , k 
3 8k
n= + ,k 
5 5
3
• k =0: n = 
5
• k = 1: n = 11 
5
• k = 2 : n = 19 
5
27
• k =3: n = 
5
• k = 4 : n = 7
 O menor valor de n é 7.
32.
cos  + isen e i e i
32.1. = = =
( sen − i cos  )
3 3 3
  3   3    i  32 +  
 cos  2 +   + sen  2 +   i  e  

       
 
    3 
e i i   − −3  i  − 2 
=  9 
=e  2 
=e  2 
c.q.m.
i  + 3 
 2 
e
5
  5
   i ( − ) 
 cos  − isen  cos ( − ) + isen ( − )
5
=     =
  e
32.2.   =
 sen + i cos        
 i  2 −  
 cos  2 −   + isen  2 −    e 
    
5 5
 i  − − 2 +    i  − 2    5 
i− 
= e  
 = e  
 = e  2  = −i c.q.m.
   
   
10
  3   3 
−sen − i cos  
10  cos  2 −   + isen  2 −   
32.3.   =     =
 − cos  + isen   cos ( −  ) + isen ( −  ) 
 
 
10
 i  32 −   10
 i  32 − − +  
10
e  
  i 2 
=  i ( − )  =  e  
 =  e  = e i 5  = −1 c.q.m.
   
 e   
 
33.
33.1. Seja w = x + yi , x, y 
2 2 2 2
i + w + i − w  20  i + x + yi + i − x − yi  20 
2 2
x 2 + (1 + y ) ( −x ) + (1 − y )
2 2 2
 +  20 
 x 2 + 1 + 2y + y 2 + x 2 + 1 − 2y + y 2  20  2x 2 + 2y 2 + 2  20 
 x2 + y 2  9  x2 + y 2  9  w  3 c.q.m.
33.2. Seja w = x + yi , x, y 
(w + i )  (w − i ) = ( x − yi + i )  ( x + yi − i ) = x 2
+ xyi − xi − xyi − y 2i 2 + yi 2 + xi + yi 2 − i 2 =
= x 2 + y 2 − y − y + 1 = x 2 + y 2 − 2y + 1 =
2
= x 2 + ( y − 1) =  x 2 + ( y − 1)  = x + ( y − 1) i
2 2 2 2
= x + yi − i =
 
2
= w −i c.q.m.
m
 i−  
 
m
 i 

33.3. (1 + i ) + (1 − i )
m m
=  2e 4  +  2e  4   =
   
 
C. aux.:
m i
m
m
 m 
i−  • 1+ i = 2
= 2 e 4
+ 2 e  4 
tg = 1    1º Q
 m         
= 2  cos  m  + sen  m  i + cos  −m  + sen  −m  i  = = p. ex.
  4  4  4  4  4
• 1− i = 2
         
tg = −1    4º Q
m
= 2  cos  m  + sen  m  i + cos  m  − sen  m  i  =
  4  4  4  4 

 =− p. ex.
m    
m 4
= 2  2cos  m  = 2 2 cos  m  , m , c.q.m.
 4  4
33.4. 1 + w + w 2 + ... + w 2n−1 é a soma dos primeiros 2n termos de uma progressão geométrica de 1º termo
1 e razão w.

1 − w 2n
Assim, 1 + w + w 2 + ... + w 2n −1 = 1 =
1− w
2n
 i 
1−  e n 
  1 − e i 2 1− 1 0
= 
= 
= 
= 
=0 c.q.m.
i i i i
1− e n
1− e n
1− e n
1− e n
34.
Seja zP o número complexo cujo afixo é o ponto P .
Então zP = 2 + i .
 
i−       
34.1. z = zP  e  4
= ( 2 + i )   cos  −  + sen  −  i  =
  4  4 
 2 2  2 2 2
= (2 + i )  − i  = 2 − 2i + i− i =
 2 2   2 2

2  2  3 2 2
= 2+ + − 2i = − i

2  2  2 2

 
34.2. Temos que P ( 2,1) e Q  3 2 , − 2 
 
 2 2 
2 2
 3 2  2 9 1
Assim PQ =  2 −  + 1 +  = 4 − 6 2 + + 1 + 2 + =
 
2    2  2 2

= 10 − 5 2
 
i  − 
34.3. w 1 , w 2 = 3e  2
e w 3 = −i + w1
w 3 = −i + w1  2 + i = −i + w1  2 + 2i = w1  w1 = 2 − 2i
 
i  −       
w1 + w 2 = 2 − 2i + 3e  2
= 2 − 2i + 3  cos   −  + sen   −  i 
  2  2 
= 2 − 2i + 3sen − 3 cos  i = 2 + 3sen + −2 − 3 cos  i ( ) ( )

Temos que Re (w1 + w 2 ) = 2 + 3sen e Im ( z ) = −2 − 3 cos  .

−1  sen  1 e −1  cos  1
− 3  3sen  3 e − 3  − 3 cos  3
2− 3 2+ 3sen  2 + 3 e −2 − 3  −2 − 3 cos  −2 3
0 0 0 0
Portanto, Re (w1 + w 2 )  0 e Im (w1 + w2 )  0 , ou seja, o afixo de w1 + w 2 pertence ao quarto

quadrante.
35. z1 = 3 + i
35.1. iz3 − z1 = 0  iz3 − 3 − i = 0  iz3 = 3 + i  z3 = 3 + i 

i
3i + i 2 C. aux.:
 z3 =  z3 = 1 − 3i  z = 3 1 − 3i
i2
( )
2
• 1 − 3i = 12 + − 3 =2
  
 − + 2 k 
i 3 
  − 3
i−  

3 
 • tg =    4º Q
, k  0,1,2
3
 z = 2e  3
 z = 3 2e  
1
 
i−  i
5
i
11  tg = − 3    4º Q
z= 3
2e  9
z= 3
2e 9
z= 3
2e 9

 =− p. ex.
  3
i− 
 z = 3 2e  9
tem o seu afixo no 4º quadrante.
5 3
35.2. 8  z1 − z1  z − ( z1 )  20 
2
4
(
 A rg z − 2 − 2 3i 
2
 )
( ) 5
( ( ))  32 
2
8 3 −i − 3 −i  z− 3+i  20   A rg z − 2 + 2 3i
4
(
 8  −2i  z − 3 + 2 3i + i 2  20  ) 5
4
( (
 A rg z − 2 + 2 3i ))  32 
8 ( −2)
2
(
 z − 2 + 2 3i  20  ) 5
4
( (
 A rg z − 2 + 2 3i ))  32 
(
 8  2 z − 2 + 2 3i  20  ) 5
4
( (
 A rg z − 2 + 2 3i ))  32 
(
 4  z − 2 + 2 3i  10  ) 5
4
 A rg z − 2 + 2 3i ( ( ))  32

A =
1
8
1
(
Acoroacircular  A =   102 −   42 
8
)
1
 A = (100 − 16 ) 
8
1
 A = 84 
8
21
 A =  u.a.
2

35.3.
a) z2 = ( ei ) = ei 2 = cos ( 2 ) + isen ( 2 ) =

2
C. aux.:
• 3   
tg = −    − ,  ,
= cos2  − sen 2 + 2sen cos  i = 4  2 2
4
2
 3  3 4
2 então   4ºQ
=   − −  + 2−  i =
     5 5 1
5 5 • 1 + tg 2 = 
cos2 
16 9 24
= − − i=  1+
9
=
1

25 25 25 16 cos 2
7 24 16
= − i  cos 2 = 
25 25 25
4
   cos  = ,  4º Q
z e i 1 i  −  5
b) = = e  3 =
z1 
2 sen
• tg =
i
2e 3 
cos 
1      3 sen
=  cos   −  + sen   −  i  = − = 
2  3  3  4 4
5
1       
=  cos  cos + sen sen +  sen cos − cos sen  i  sen = −
3
2 3 3  3 3   5
2
1  4 1  3  3  3  1 3  3   • 3 +i = 3 + 12 = 2
=   + −  +  −   −  − i  =
2  5 2  5  2  5  2
 2  5    tg = 3 e   1ºQ

1  4 3 3 3 3 3  = p. ex.
=  − − i+ i= 3
2  10 10 10 10 

1 4 −3 3 3 3 −3  4 −3 3 3 3 −3
=  + i= + i
2  10 10 
 20 20
36. Seja z = z e i
  + 2 k 
k  0,1,..., n − 1
i 
Então n
z= n z e i = n ze  n 
,
   2    4 
i i +  i + 
Assim: n z e n + n z e n n 
+ n z e n n 
+ ...
n −1   
  2 k 
i +
=  z e n n   =
n

i =0 


n −1  i  2 k

= n z e n  e n
i
=
i =0  
 n =1 k
 i 2 
z e e n 
i
= n n
k =0  
Soma dos 1º n termos de uma progressão

2 0
 i 2  i
geométrica de 1º termo  e n  e razão e n
 
n
 i 2n 
 0 1 − e 
i  i 2    =
= n z e n  e n   2
  1− e n
i
 
i 1 − ei 2 i 1− 1
= n ze n
 ei 0  2
= n ze n
 1 2
=
i i
1− e n
1− e n

i 0
= n ze n  2
i
1− e n
= 0 c.q.m.
37. Seja z = z ei  z = aei
( )
2
i ( − )
= a 2e (
2 i −2 )
Então: z2 = ( aei ) = a2ei 2 e z = ae
2
2
Temos que: z 2 = n w e z =nw 
 z2( )
n
=w e z ( )
2 n
=w 
 z2( )
n
( )
= z
2 n

( ) = (a e ( ) )
n n
2 i −2
 a2ei 2 
( ) ( ) e(
i −2 n )
n n
 a2 ei 2 n = a2 
 a2n = a2n  2 n = −2 n + 2k , k 
 4 n = 2k , k 
2k
 = ,k 
4n
k
 = ,k 
2n
k
( )
n i 2n
Portanto, w = a2ei 2 = a2n ei 2n = a2ne 2n
= a2neik , k 
• k = 0 : a2n ei 0 = a2n  1 = a2n

k = 1: a e = a  ( −1) = −a
2n i 2n 2n
•
• k = 2 : a2n ei 2 = a2n  1 = a2n
k = 3 : a e = a  e = a  ( −1) = −a
2n i 3 2n i 2n 2n
•
(…)
w = a2n  w = −a2n c.q.m.
38. z − 3 + 2i = 3  z − ( 3 − 2i ) = 3
Seja A e B os afixos de −2 − 3i e 2 + i ,
respetivamente.
Então A ( −2, −3) e B ( 2,1) .

1 − ( −3 ) 4
Temos que mAB = = = 1.
2 − ( −2) 4
Assim, a reta AB é da forma y = x + b .
Como o ponto ( 2,1) pertence à reta AB , temos que

1 = 2 + b  b = −1.
Portanto, AB : y = x − 1
Queremos determinar os pontos de interseção da reta y = x − 1 com a circunferência de centro (3, −2)
e raio 3 :
y = x − 1  ( x − 3 ) + ( y + 2 ) = 32 
2 2
 y = x − 1  ( x − 3) + ( x − 1 + 2) = 9 
2 2
 y = x − 1  x 2 − 6x + 9 + x 2 + 2x + 1 = 9 
 y = x − 1  2x 2 − 4x + 1 = 0 
− ( −4 )  ( −4 )
2
− 4  2 1
 y = x − 1 x = 
22
4 8
 y = x − 1 x = 
4
42 2
 y = x − 1 x = 
4
 2 2
 y = x − 1  x = 1+  x = 1− 
 2 2 


 2 2   2 2 
  x = 1+  y = 1+ − 1   x = 1 −  y = 1− − 1 
 2 2   2 2 
   
 2+ 2 2  2− 2 2
 x = y =   x = y =− 
 2 2   2 2 

2+ 2 2 2− 2 2
z = + i z= − i
2 2 2 2
39. z = 2 + 11i
39.1. 2 + i = z  ( 2 + i ) = z
3 3
 ( 2 + i )( 2 + i ) = z
2
(
 ( 2 + i ) 4 + 4i + i 2 = z )
 ( 2 + i )( 3 + 4i ) = z
 6 + 8i + 3i + 4i 2 = z
 2 + 11i = z c.q.m.
39.2. w = z , arg (w ) − arg ( 2i ) = 3 arg ( z ) e Im  w  = 2

z 25
• w = z  w = 22 + 112  w = 125
Logo w = 125ei e z = 125ei

 
• A rg (w ) − A rg ( 2i ) = 3 A rg ( z )   − = 3   = 3 +
2 2
 
i  3 +       
Logo w = 125e  2
= 125  cos  3 +  + sen  3 +  i  =
  2  2 
= 125 ( −sen ( 3 ) + cos ( 3 ) i ) =
= − 125sen ( 3 ) + 125 cos ( 3 ) i =
= − 125sen ( 2 +  ) + 125 cos ( 2 +  ) i =
= − 125 ( sen ( 2 ) cos  + sen ( ) cos ( 2 ) ) + 125 ( cos ( 2 ) cos ( ) − sen ( 2 ) sen ( ) ) i
 9 11 2 11 2   2 2 9 11 11 
− 125   +   + 125   −  i =
 25 125 25  125 
 125  25 125 25
 18 11 22   4 99 11  18 11 + 22 4 − 99 11
= − −  +  −  i = − + i
 25 25   25 25  25 25


C. auxiliar:
 125e i  2
•
w  2
Im   =
 z  25
 Im 
 =
i 
 Im e ( ) =
i  − 2
 ( )
 125e  25 25
 Im ( cos ( −  ) + sen ( −  ) i ) =
2 2
 sen ( −  ) = 
25 25
   2   2 2
 sen  3 + −   =  sen  2 +  =  cos ( 2 ) =
 2  25  2  25 25
4 621
• sen 2 ( 2 ) + cos2 ( 2 ) = 1  sen 2 ( 2 ) = 1 −  sen ( 2 ) =
625 2 0,  625
3 69
 sen ( 2 ) = 621 3
25
207 3
• z = 2 + 11i 69 3
23 23
z = 125 1
2
cos  = e sen = 11
125 125
1 i
40. z1 = e e z2 = 2 − 2i
2
3
 1 i  1 i (3 )
40.1. 64  ( z1 ) = ( z2 )  64   e  = ( 2 − 2i )  64  e
3 2 2
= 4 − 8i + 4i 2
2  8


 8e (
i 3 )
= 8i  e (
i 3 )
=i e(
i 3 ) i
=e 2
 3 = + 2k , k 
2
 2k
 = + ,k 
6 3

Como   1ºQ ,  = + 2k , k 
6

(
40.2. 2z1 z2 − 3 − i 27 = )
1
(
= 2  ei 2 − 2i − 3 − i 3 =
2
)
  
 5 
= ei ( −1 − 2i − ( −i ) ) = ei ( −1 − i ) = e i   2e  4   =
i
 
 
 5 
i  + 
= 2e  4 
 5 
i  + 
 4 
2e é um imaginário puro se e só se
5   5
+ = + k , k   = − + k , k  
4 2 2 4
3
 = − + k , k 
4
Como   1ºQ ,

= + 2k , k 
4
n
4
40.3. Se z = w e   = w , então w = 2n ou w = −2n .
n
z
n n
4 4
Se z = w e   = w , então z =  
n n
z z
n
4 4n
( )
2
z =    zn = n  zn
n
= 4n  w 2 = 4n 
z z
( ) ( )
n 2
 w 2 = 22  w 2 = 22n  w 2 = 2n 
 w = 2n  w = −2n c.q.m.
1
40.4. Os afixos de w , e w − 1 pertencem à mesma circunferência de centro na origem se
w
1
w = = w −1.
w
Seja w = x + yi , x, y  .
• w = x2 + y 2
1 1 1
• = =
w w x + y2
2
1 1
w =  x2 + y 2 =  x 2 + y 2 = 1 representa a circunferência de centro
w x +y2 2
(0,0) e raio 1 .
• ( x − 1)
2
w − 1 = x + yi − 1 = x − 1 + yi = + y2
( x − 1)
2
 w = w −1  x2 + y 2 = + y 2  x 2 + y 2 = x 2 − 2x + 1 + y 2 
1
 2x = 1  x =
2
1
Portanto, w = + yi , y  e o afixo de w pertence à circunferência x 2 + y 2 = 1, logo
2
2
 1 1 3 3 3
 2  + y = 1  y = 1− 4  y 2 =  y =
2 2
y =− .
  4 2 2
Como o afixo de w pertence ao 4ºQ , y = − 3 .

2
Assim, w = 1 − 3 i .
2 2
40.5. 2w + z2 + 2 = w − z2 + 2 
 2w + 2 − 2i + 2 = w − 2 + 2i + 2 
 2w + 4 − 2i = w + 2i 
 2 ( x + yi ) + 4 − 2i = x + yi + 2i , w = x + yi , x, y 
 2x + 2yi + 4 − 2i = x − yi + 2i 
 ( 2 x + 4 ) + ( 2y − 2) i = x + ( 2 − y ) i 
( 2x + 4 ) + ( 2y − 2) = x2 + (2 − y ) 
2 2 2

 4x 2 + 16x + 16 + 4y 2 − 8y + 4 = x 2 + 4 − 4y + y 2 
 3x 2 + 16x + 3y 2 − 4y + 16 = 0 
16 4 16
 x2 + x + y2 − y + =0
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
16  16  4  4  16   4 16
 x2 + x + y2 − y + −  =   + − 6  − 3 
3  6  3  6  6   

2 2
 8  2 64 4 48
 x +  + y −  = + − 
 3  3 9 9 9
2 2
 8  2  20
 x +  + y −  =
 3  3 9
Circunferência de centro  − 8 , 2  e raio 20

 3 3 3
403
40.6. Acolorida =
288
2
Acolorida maior =   8 = 8 C. aux:
• z2 = 22 + ( −2) = 8
2

2
 1
Acolorida menor =     = −2
2 4 • tg =    4º Q  tg = −1    4º Q
2
 32 −  31 
Acoroacircular = 8 − = =  = − p. ex.
4 4 4 4
Seja  a amplitude, em radianos, do ângulo que a semirreta OA faz com o semieixo positivo Ox .
Temos então que:
31
2 rad 
4
403
 rad
288
403
2 
 = 288   = 2  4  403   = 13  rad
31 288  31 36
4

Portanto, uma condição que define a região colorida é:
1   13    
 z  8  −  A rg ( z )   + −  
2 4  36  4  
1  4
  z  8  −  arg ( z )  
2 4 36
1  
  z  8  −  arg ( z ) 
2 4 9
41. z = 1 + b 2i e w = a − i , a, b  \ 0
41.1. z + w é um número real e Im ( z ) = 2Re (w )
• ( ) (
z + w = 1 + b 2 i + a − i = (1 + a ) + b 2 − 1 i = (1 + a ) − b 2 − 1 i é um número real se e só se )
b2 − 1 = 0  b2 = 1  b = −1  b = 1
• (
Im ( z ) = 2Re (w )  Im 1 + b2i = 2Re ( a − i )  )
 b2 = 2a
1
Se b = 1, então 12 = 2a  a =
2
1
Se b = −1, então ( −1) = 2a  a =
2
.
2
1
Portanto, a = e b = 1.
2
( )
41.2. 2 z 2 + w 2 = z + w 2 + z − w 2
2 2 2 2
z +w + z −w = 1 + b2 i + a − i + 1 + b2i − a + i =
= (1 + a ) + b2 − 1 i ( ) + (1 − a ) + b2 + 1 i ( )
2 2
=
2 2
(1 + a ) ( ) (1 − a ) ( )
2 2 2 2
= + b2 − 1 + + b2 + 1 =
= 1 + 2a + a2 + b4 − 2b2 + 1 + 1 − 2a + a2 + b 4 + 2b2 + 1 =
= 2b4 + 2a2 + 4 = 2 b4 + a2 + 2 = ( )
(
= 2 b 4 + 1 + a2 + 1 = )
((
= 2 b2 )
2
+ 12 + a 2 + 12 = )
 2
2
(b )
2
= 2  2
+ 12 + a 2 + 12  =
 
=2 z ( 2
+ w
2
) c.q.m.
Itens de seleção
42. Opção B
 
i  i  
i e2 e2 i i  + 
i
= = = e 2
 e = e 2 
w −1  w 1
w w
w
w e i
Como o afixo de w é um ponto do 2.º quadrante, temos que A rg w    ,   , ou seja:

2 

  
2
 3
  + 
2 2
i
Deste modo, o afixo de é um ponto do 3.º quadrante.
−1
w w
43. Opção B
2z − 2i = 2 ( x + yi ) − 2i = 2x + 2yi − 2i = 2x + ( 2y − 2) i
Como Im (w3 ) = −2 , o afixo do número complexo 2z − 2i só pode ser w 2 .

44. Opção D
4  i  4
( ) ( )
2
arg iw 2 =  arg  e 2  w ei = 
3   3
 i  4  2 i   + 2   4
 arg  e 2  w ei 2  =
2
 arg  w e  2   = 
  3   3
 
 4 4  5 5
 + 2 =  2 = −  2 =  =
2 3 3 2 6 12
5 19
 O argumento do conjugado de w será − , ou seja, .
12 12
45. Opção C
5
i
Como z está no 3.º quadrante e pertence à bissetriz dos quadrantes ímpares z = z e 4
.
5
i
5
z ze 4 i
Assim: + i 26 − i =  5  
+ i 2
− i = e 2
− 1− i =
z i− 
ze 4

i
=e 2
− 1 − i = i − 1 − i = −1
z
O afixo de + i 26 − i só pode ser z3 .
z

46. Opção C
Seja z = x + yi , então z = x − yi e A ( x, y ) e B ( x, −y ) , x, y 
47. Opção B
Temos que  é um ângulo com vértice no interior da circunferência logo
JFC + BA 7  JI + BA 8  BA 2 4
= = = = 4BA = 4 =
2 2 2 10 5
 4 
i − 
Assim, z = 2e  5 
e é um número real positivo se e só se
4 4 4
−  = 2k , k   − = − + 2k , k   = + 2k , k 
5 5 5
6
 = − para k = −1
5
48. Opção A
Seja zc = x + yi e C ( x, y ) ( C não pertence a nenhum dos eixos do plano complexo)
(
Temos que zD = x + 1 − ( y − 1) i )
= x + (1 − y + 1) i
= x + (2 − y ) i
= x + 2i − yi
= x − yi + 2i
= z + 2i

49. Opção D
w = −2i
w −2i 2i
• =w +w  = −2i + ( −2i )  = 2i − 2i  1 = 0 Proposição falsa
−w − ( −2i ) 2i
• w 2 + 14n +8 = 4  ( −2i ) + i 4 ( )
2 n
 i 8 = 4  4i 2 + 1n  1 = 4  −4 + 1 = 4 
 −3 = 4 Proposição falsa
( −2)
2
w 2 1 i
• = −i  = −i  = −i  = −i  2 = −i
w −2i −2i −i −i
i
 = −i  i = −i Proposição falsa
1
5 5
• A rg (w ) = −  A rg ( −2i ) = − Proposição verdadeira
2 2
50.
50.1. Opção A
Seja x a amplitude, em radianos, do ângulo AOB .
Temos que OB = 3 .
Assim:
2 rad 2  3 u.m.
43
x
20
43
2 
Ou seja, x = 20  x = 43 rad
6 60
4 43 48 43 5 
− = − = =
5(12) 60 60 60 60 12

i
Portanto, zA = 3e 12
50.2. Opção B
5
 i 45 
 3e  5 i ( 4 )
w5   =3 e
• = = 3e i 0 = 3 não pertence à região sombreada.
81 81 81

−5
 i 4 
34   3e 5 
34 w −5   34 1
• − =− =− 
=− 
=
i i i
i 4
i
e 2
3 e 5
3e 2
 
1 i  − 2  1 i 2
=− e = e pertence à região sombreada
3 3
 i 4  i

 3e 5   e 2  4  
w  i 5   i−  i  4  
 3e  5   e 2 1 i  − 5 + 2 
• = = = e
81 81 81 27
 3 
1 i  − 10 
= e não pertence à região sombreada
27
37 w −5 37 32 9
• − =− 5
=− 
=− 
=
i  i

i
4
 i
e 3 e
2 5 i 4
e
i
2
e   3e 2 5

 

9ei i
= 
= 9e 2 não pertence à região sombreada
i
2
e
50.3. Opção D
 4
z − ( 0 + 0i )  3   arg ( z − ( 0 + 0i ) ) 
12 5
29
29 i  29   10
51. zi =  e
i e 18 i −  i
18
,  +
z= 
 z = e  18 2 
 z = e 9
,  +
i
2
e
BA  BC
• A ABC = 4 15  = 4 15  BA  BC = 8 15
2
• AC  AB = 48 5  AC  AB  cos AC, AB = 48 5  ( )
 2OB  AB  cos ( AC, AB ) = 48 5 
 2  ( 2  BC )  AB  cos ( AC, AB ) = 48 5 
 4  BC  AB  cos ( AC, AB ) = 48 5 
 4  8 15  cos ( AC, AB ) = 48 5 
 cos AC, AB = ( ) 48 5
32 15


(
 cos AC, AB =) 32 31 
 cos ( AC, AB ) =
3

2 3
(
 cos AC, AB = ) 3
2


 AC, AB = rad
6
51.1. Opção B
ˆ =  logo BOC
Temos que BAC ˆ = 2    BOC
ˆ =
6 6 3
 10   7
i −  i
Portanto, zB =  e  9 3
 zB =  e 9
51.2. Opção A
( )
BO + AC + CB = BO + AC + CB = BO + AB = AB + BO = AO = OC
O número complexo é o z .
51.3. Opção C
8 ˆ =  rad
Asetor circular = e BOC
3 3
Assim:
  r 2 u.a. 2 rad
8 
u.a. rad
3 3
(  = 4)
( r 0 )
Ou seja:   r 2   = 8  2  r 2 = 16  r = 4
3 3
3
 i 7  7 
w = ( zB )
3 i i
=  4e 9  = 43 e 3 = 64e 3
 
51.4. Opção B
ˆ =  , logo  = 2  n = 6
Temos que BOC
3 3 n

52. z = a − 2i , a  0 , w = zi − 2 e    0,  
 2
52.1. Opção B
−z = − ( a − 2i ) = −a + 2i  a  0
O afixo de −z está no 1ºQ , pelo que 5ei  ,    0,   é o número complexo que pode representar o
 2
simétrico de z .
52.2. Opção B
w 3 = ( zi − 2) = ( ( a − 2i ) i − 2) = ai − 2i 2 − 2 ( ) = (ai + 2 − 2)
3 3 3 3
= a3i 3 = −a3i
Como a  0 , temos que a3  0 e consequentemente −a3  0 , logo o afixo de −a 3 i pertence ao

semieixo positivo imaginário.
53. Opção C
 
z = 2cos  −   − 2i cos ( − )  z = 2sen − 2i cos  = 2 ( sen − i cos  ) =
2 
  
       i  − + 
= 2  cos  − +   + isen  − +    = 2e  2 
  2   2 
4
 
i−   i  −  +  
e  2
  2e  2    
−i  z 4   i− 
 2
 16e (
i −2 + 4 )
w= =   = e
=
z      
i  − +  i  − + 
 2   2 
2e 2e
  
i  − − 2 + 4 
 2   5  
8e i  − + 4 − + 
= 8e (
i 5 − 3 )
=  
= 8e  2 2 
i  − 
2 
e
= 8e (
i 5 + )
54. Opção B
2
z + 3i  3  A rg ( z + 3i ) 
3
2 2
 z − ( 0 − 3i )  3  −  A rg ( z − ( 0 − 3i ) ) 
3 3
Círculo de centro Ângulo de vértice no

no ponto (0, −3) ponto (0, −3) e cuja
e de raio 3 amplitude varia entre
2 2
− a
3 3

55. Opção C
• arg ( z − 1) =   arg ( z − (1 + 0i ) ) = 
• Im ( iz ) = 3  Im ( i ( x + yi ) ) = 3  Im ( − y + xi ) = 3  x = 3
• z − 1 = z − 1 − 2i  z − (1 + 0i ) = z − (1 + 2i ) (mediatriz dos pontos (1,0 ) e (1,2 ) )
• z − i = z − 2 + i  x + yi − i = x − yi − 2 + i  x + ( y − 1) i = ( x − 2 ) + (1 − y ) i
x 2 + ( y − 1) = ( x − 2) + (1 − y ) 
2 2 2

 x 2 + ( y − 1) = ( x − 2 ) + (1 − y ) 
2 2 2
 x 2 = x 2 − 4x + 4  4x = 4  x = 1

56. Opção A
3 7 
 Im ( z )  −2
i i i
z + 2e 4
 z + 2e 2
 z + 2  3e 2
 z − 2 + 2i  z − 2i  z − ( −2 + 0i )  3i  Im ( z )  −2
 z− ( 2 − 2i )  z − (0 + 2i )  z − ( −2 + 0i )  3  Im ( z )  −2
Semiplano fechado limitado pela Círculo de Semiplano aberto
mediatriz entre os pontos centro no ponto superior à reta
( ) (0,2) ao qual
2, − 2 e ( −2,0) e raio 3 y = −2
pertence o ponto ( 2, − 2 )
Calc. Auxiliar:
i
3
 3 3   2 2
2e 4
= 2  cos + isen  = 2  − 2 i 2  = − 2 + 2i
 4 4   
7 3
i i
2e 2
= 2e 2
= −2i
57. Opção C
Uma vez que o centro da circunferência tem centro no semieixo positivo real e a parte sombreada está no
seu exterior, uma das condições será z − 2  8 .
Por outro lado:
• Re ( z ) − Im ( z )  2  Re ( x + yi ) − Im ( x + yi )  2 
 x − y  2  −2  x − y  2 
 x −2 y  x +2
Deste modo Re ( z ) − Im ( z )  2  x − 2  y  x + 2 não pode ser a outra condição, uma vez que as duas
retas representadas têm declives iguais, mas negativos.

• Re ( z ) − Im ( z )  2  Re ( x + yi ) + Im ( x + yi )  2 
 x + y  2  −2  x + y  2  − x − 2y  − x + 2
 A condição que define a região sombreada é z − 2  8  Re ( z ) + Im ( z )  2
58. Opção D
Uma vez que uma das retas representadas é a bissetriz dos quadrantes pares, podemos defini-la como a
mediatriz dos pontos (1,1) e ( −1, −1) . Deste modo, a condição que define o semiplano sombreado limitado
por esta mediatriz é z − (1 + i )  z − ( −1 − i ) , ou seja, z − 1 − i  z + 1 + i . Uma vez que a semirreta
horizontal representada está representada no 4.º quadrante, a única condição que a poderá definir é
arg ( z + i ) = −2 .
Portanto, a condição que define a região sombreada é z − 1 − i  z + 1 + i  A rg ( z + i ) = −2 .

59. Opção C

3z − 3z = 6i  0  A rg ( z )  
4

 z − z = 2i  0  A rg ( z − ( 0 + 0i ) )  
4

 x + yi − ( x − yi ) = 2i  0  A rg ( z − ( 0 + 0i ) )  
4

 2yi = 2i  0  A rg ( z − ( 0 + 0i ) )  
4

 y = 1  0  A rg ( z − ( 0 + 0i ) ) 
4

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PREPARAR O EXAME NACIONAL – MATEMÁTICA A 12

TEMA VI: Números complexos

Como o perímetro do quadrado  ABCD é 32 , temos que AB = BC = CD = DA = 8 .

quadrantes pares, A é da forma xa , − xa , xa  0 . ( )

1 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Por outro lado, AB = −4 2, 4 2 e ( )

 A ( 2 2, −2 2 ) , B ( −2 2,2 2 ) , C ( 2 2,6 2 ) e D ( 6 2,2 2 )

2 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

A pertence ao semieixo real positivo e OA = 1 .

Seja B o afixo do número complexo z 2 .

Assim, z2 = 3 e arg ( z2 ) =  , por exemplo.

Seja C o afixo do número complexo z3 .

C pertence ao semieixo real negativo e OC = 4 .

Assm, z3 = 4 e arg ( z3 ) =  , por exemplo.

Seja D o afixo do número completo z 4 .

Seja E o afixo do número complexo z5 .

3 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Seja F o afixo do número complexo z6 .

Seja H o afixo do número complexo z8 .

4 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

5 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

6 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

7 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

8 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Sejam Q e R os afixos de z2 e z3 , respetivamente, onde:

9 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

−14  196 − 4  2  25 −14  196 − 200

Sabemos que o afixo de z pertence ao primeiro quadrante e à reta de equação y = 3x , logo

11 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

 29 2  41  41 2  53

C.S. = −6i; +6i 

12 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Circunferência de Semiplano limitado pela

Coroa circular limitada pelas Semiplano limitado

13 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Semiplano definido pela Ângulo compreendido

14 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Região limitada pela 

15 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Exterior e Círculo de centro

a)    A rg ( z − 2i )      5  A rg ( z − 2i )  3    z − 2i  2 (p. exemplo)

16 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Exercícios propostos (pág. 353)

= 3i  ( −8 − 6i ) + 4i 2 = −24i − 18i 2 − 4 = 14 − 24i

=  25 + 7 = 9 + 24i + 16i 2 + 7 = −7 + 24i + 7 = 24i

17 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

= 1n + 12n  ( −i ) + 14n  1 ( −1) = 1 − i − 1 = −i é um imaginário puro c.q.m.

w = ( k + m ) i − ( 3m + 4 + 4mi )  w = ki + mi − 3m − 4 − 4mi  w = −3m − 4 + (k − 3m ) i

18 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

3.1. z = w  3m + 4 − 4mi = −3m − 4 + ( k − 3m ) i  3m + 4 = −3m − 4  −4m = k − 3m 

( i − 2)( −2 − i )  −3m − 4 + −2i + 1 + 4 + 2i

3.3. iz = ( 3m + 4 − 4mi ) i = 4m + (3m + 4 ) i

Seja P o afixo de iz . Então P ( 4m,3m + 4 ) e P pertence ao semieixo imaginário negativo se e só se

Portanto, A ABC  = A ABOC  − ABOC  

5. Seja A o afixo do número complexo w .

19 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

Seja B o ponto de coordenadas ( x, y ) , x \ −1 .

 O ponto B é da forma ( x, x + 2) , x  \ −1 .

20 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

6.10. z10 = sen    i − cos  25  = − cos  2 +   + sen    i =

6.11. z11 = sen    − cos  8  i =

21 Andreia Gonçalves | Carla Silva

6.12. z12 = sen  −   + cos  −   i = −sen    + cos    i =