Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

Professor : Luiz Manoel Nóbrega da Fonseca O artigo indefinido “A” é usado diante de
Turma : EEAR substantivos cuja grafia inicie por uma consoante
Disciplina : Inglês - Gramática ou por um som de consoante.
A car – Um carro A boy – Um garoto

AULA 01 As palavras cuja vogal inicial tem, em inglês, som

de consoante, geralmente iniciam por “u”, “ew” e “eu”
e tem o som da consoante y, ou iniciam por “one” e
ARTIGOS : Artigos Indefinidos e Definidos. tem o som da consoante w.
- That’s a university. (Aquilo é uma universidade.)
ARTICLES (ARTICLES) - I have a ewe on my farm.(Eu tenho uma ovelha na minha fazenda.)
- They should wear a uniform. .
- We are a european couple.
Artigos definidos e indefinidos em inglês são de - A user (Um usuário)
- A unit (Uma unidade).
extrema importância na interpretação de textos, pois - A European Journal. (Um jornal europeu.)
são eles que informam se a palavra que é mencionada - A one-story house. (Uma casa de um andar.)
no texto ocorre pela primeira vez ou se ela retoma
O artigo indefinido “AN” é usado diante de
alguma ideia expressada anteriormente. substantivos cuja grafia inicie por uma vogal ou
Os artigos definidos (o, a, os, as), e indefinidos por um som de vogal.
(um, uma, uns, umas), da língua portuguesa na língua - An apple (uma maçã) - An egg (Um ovo)

inglesa são representados por apenas três As palavras cuja consoante inicial tem, em inglês,
artigos: a, an e the e são sempre usados diante de um som de vogal, geralmente iniciam por “h” mudo, ou
seja, não pronunciado.
substantivo. 
- She arrived an hour ago. (Ela chegou há uma hora.)
ARTIGOS INDEFINIDOS EM INGLÊS – A / AN.
- It is an historical fact
- An hour. (Uma hora)
Os artigos indefinidos (indefinite articles, em - An honest person. (Uma pessoa honesta)
inglês) são usados quando nos referimos a algo em
geral, não especificado.
Na Língua Portuguesa , os artigos indefinidos são :
um, uma, uns, umas. Os ‘indefinite articles’ (artigos
indefinidos, em inglês) são usados somente no Regras para o uso dos artigos Indefinidos: A, AN
“singular”. Os artigos indefinidos são usados quando - Nunca utilize “a, an” para substantivos no plural.
Ex.: a men, a women, an eggs, etc.
falamos de algo que não é específico.
Os artigos indefinidos “a, an” têm algumas - Nunca coloque o “a, an” para antes de substantivos
incontáveis. Neste caso, usa-se a palavra “some” :
particularidades no inglês que são diferentes do Ex.: a water, a money, a salt, etc.
português: eles não existem no plural, ou seja, só - I need some advice. (Preciso de um conselho.)

podem ser utilizados no singular. OBSERVAÇÕES:

A) “A/AN" com o significado de “por”:
Os Artigos são usados para coisas que já foram “por” + indicações de tempo, medida e quantidade pede
uso do artigo indefinido.
mencionadas antes por quem está falando:
- I train six times a week. (… seis vezes por semana.)

She made a cake. The cake is for her son. B) Também se usa o artigo a/an em frases com sentido
exclamativo ou enfático, quando o substantivo está no
“Ela fez um bolo. O bolo, que ela acabou de falar ou que eu acabei de falar, singular e é contável:
é para o filho dela.”
- What a beautiful song! (Que bela canção!)
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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

ARTIGO DEFINIDO EM INGLÊS – THE. 7) Antes de nome dos Dias da semana:

- Sunday is always a boring day.

Os artigos definidos (definite articles, em inglês) (O domingo é sempre um dia chato.)
são usados sempre que nos referimos a algo
8) Antes de nome de Cores:
específico ou que já foi mencionado em um
- My favorite color is blue.
discurso anterior.
(A minha cor preferida é o azul.)
O “definite article” (artigo definido em inglês), ao
9) Antes de Cargos acompanhados de um nome
contrário dos indefinidos, fala de algo específico. Em
próprio:
português, seria : a, o, as, os.
President Kennedy was murdered in 1963.
Em inglês, só existe o artigo definido “the” e ele não
(O presidente Kennedy foi assassinado em 1963)
se altera em palavras masculinas e femininas, como
também não muda quando as palavras são 10) Antes de alguns substantivos como:
church (igreja), school (escola), hospital (hospital),
singulares ou plurais. bed (cama), prison (prisão), *quando usados para
Exemplos: seu propósito original.
The boy – O garoto The girl – A garota She went: (ela foi) to church (para rezar)
to the church (por alguma outra razão, ex. limpar a sacristia)
The men – Os homens The women – As
She went: (ela foi) to school (para estudar)
mulheres
to the school (por alguma outra razão, ex. conversar com a diretora)
She went: (ela foi) to hospital (como paciente)
O que mais causa confusão com o artigo definido to the hospital (por alguma outra razão, ex. para buscar seu marido)
é saber quando usá-lo e quando não usá-lo.

NÃO USE O ARTIGO DEFINIDO ‘THE’ :

1) Antes de Nomes próprios: (cidades ou nomes de
pessoas): como: “New York”, “Brasilia”, “Steve Jobs”,
“John”...
2) Antes de Nome de Esportes: como “basketball”,
SEMPRE USE O ARTIGO DEFINIDO ‘THE’ COM:
“tennis’, “soccer”, “football”...
3) Antes de Idiomas: como “English”, “Spanish”, 1) Nomes de rios, mares, oceanos e grupos de
ilhas: como “the Pacific Ocean”, “the Red Sea”, “the
“Portuguese”... Missouri River”... Lagos, porém são exceção: the Lake Victoria
4) Antes de nome de Disciplinas ou campos de
2) Golfos, desertos, montanhas, florestas e
estudo: como: “‘English”, “Mathematics”, “Spanish”,
penínsulas: “the Persian Gulf”, “The Sahara Desert”,
“Literature” . . .
"the Amazon forest", “the Iberian Peninsula”...*Nomes
5) Quando falar sobre coisas no sentido geral: geográficos em geral
- - Children like sweeties. - He has already been to the North Pole.
(Ele já esteve no Polo Norte.)
- Man is destroying the environment
- Brazilians like soccer.
- Gold is an expensive metal. 3) Antes de nome Países com: ‘States’ (the United
States), ‘Kingdom’ (the United Kingdom) e ‘Republic’
6) Antes de Pronomes possessivos: (the Dominican Republic) e países (plural).

My father is retired. - I was in the Bahamas last week.

(Eu estava nas Bahamas semana passada)
(O meu pai está aposentado.)

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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

4) Antes de nomes próprios: Somente quando 02) Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks
queremos indicar a família pelo sobrenome, muito subsequently.
comum nos EUA. O sobrenome vem sempre seguido
de “S“. a) a – some – the – some
b) the – the – the – the
- I visited the Smiths yesterday night. c) the – some – some – a
- The Simpsons are going to travel. d) some – a – some – the

5) Antes de Instrumentos musicais, ritmos e danças:

03) “___ milk is not ___ expensive beverage but
- I like to play the piano. ___ milk in this box is very special: it came from
(Eu gosto de tocar piano.)

- In Brazil people dance the samba. ____ Dutch cows.”

(No Brasil as pessoas dançam o samba)
6) Antes de nomes de hotéis, cinemas, teatros,
trens, navios, prédios e obras famosas.
- The Louvre
- The Empire State.
- The Vatican.
- The Statue of Liberty.
7) Antes de Numerais ordinais:
- This is the first time I visit the zoo.
(Essa é a primeira vez que eu visito o zoológico.)
EXERCISES
01) Choose the correct alternative in the sentence
below:
"I play ____ tennis once or twice _____ week if I can.
It's my favorite sport. I can say I'm _____
good player, but not _____ expert."
The best alternative to complete the sentence is:
a) … / a / the / … b) … / an / the / …
c) The / a / the / a d) A / an / the / …
Read the text and answer question 4.
Rio de Janeiro
In a quick and decisive military sweep, Brazilian
security forces seized control of this city’s most
notorious slum on Sunday, claiming victory in a
weeklong battle against drug gangs that has claimed
dozens of lives. Drug gangs have stained the
reputation of this seaside city and contributed heavily
.
to giving it one of the highest murder rates in the
world. For the past two years, _____ (1) government
has carried out_____ (2) ambitious campaign to
pacify _____ (3) most violent slums and regain
control of the city in advance of the 2014 World Cup
and 2016 Olympic Games. The police have since
wrested more than three dozen communities from
criminal gangs, installing special community police
forces there.

a) the/____/a/the 4) Complete the text with the correct article.

b) ____/an/a/a
c) ____/a/a/an a) (1) the – (2) an – (3) the
d) the/an/a/an b) (1) the – (2) the – (3) a
e) ____/the/____/the c) (1) the – (2) a – (3) the
d) (1) a – (2) the – (3) a

Read the text and answer question 02 5) Complete the sentences using an article when
necessary.
Traditional American cake bars
Recipe: 100g butter 1tsp. vanilla ½ tsp baking powder 200g sugar ¼
I- Is Mário_____ honest man?
tsp salt 100g chopped walnuts 2 eggs 100g flour 50g chocolate U II- The students wear ____uniform here.
III- _____Smiths live next to the supermarket.
- Melt _____ chocolate and butter and mix carefully. IV- _____Brasília was made the capital in 1960.
- Add _____ sugar and mix again until smooth. Leave to
cool. Choose the correct option.
- Add _____ eggs and vanilla and mix. (A) a / an / - / -
- Add _____ flour, baking powder, and salt, and mix until
(B) a / an / The / The
well-combined.
(C) an / a / The / The
Stir in the walnuts. Put the mix in a cake tin and cook for (D) a / an / - / The
25min at 175°C. Eat with fruit or ice cream. (E) an / a / The / -

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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

6) Select the alternative that best completes the 10) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles:
extract below.
____Rhine is ___ longest river in ____ Germany.
Workplace Accident Statistics Every year, millions of
a) … – a – …
people in ___ United States are hurt on the job. Each
b) The – the – …
day 16 workers die from injuries at work and more
c) … – the – …
than 17,000 are injured. Accidents also cause the
d) The – the – the
companies to spend more. Last year, ___ total cost
e) … – the – the
was more than $121 billion.

a) the – a b) a – the
11) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles:
c) the – an d) the – the
It’s ________ honor to meet ________ young lady
from ________ Sweden.
7) Choose the correct alternative in the sentence
below: a) a / an / an
b) a / an / a
"My friends live in _____ old house in ____ small c) an / a / …
village. There is ____ beautiful garden behind _____ d) an / a / a
house. I would like to have _____ garden like that." e) a / a / a

a) an/a/a/an/the
b) an/a/a/an/a 12) Put article THE, if necessary.
c) a/an/a/the/the
d) a/an/a/the/a I) ________ silver of her watch.
e) an/a/a/the/a II) ________ John is a student.
III) ________ Red Sea.
IV) ________ Atlantic Ocean.
V) ________ Pacific Ocean.
8) Choose the alternative that best completes the
sentence below.
a) The /The /The / ... / The
b) The / The / The / The /...
Lucy rented _______ blue car about ________ hour c) The / The / ... / The / The
ago and lent it to_________ students. d) The / ... / The / The / The
e) ... /The /The /The / The /
a) a – a – a
b) a – a – the 13) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles:
c) the – the – the
d) a – an – the ______ watches that they build in Switzerland have
____ high reputation.

a) … / … b) The / …
Read the extract and answer question 9 c) The / a d) The / an
____ year 1665 was very bad for England. _____
epidemic of____ terrible disease, bubonic plague,
killed over seventy thousand people just in London. 14) Choose the correct alternative:

________ lion is _______ biggest animal in

9) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles: ________ circus.

a) The / A / a a) A – an – a
b) The / An / a b) A – a – the
c) An / The / a c) That – a – …
d) A / An / the d) This – the – the
e) The – the – …

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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

15) Choose the correct alternative: 21) It’s ________ honor to meet ________ young
lady from ________ Sweden.
___ calculator machines he showed us have _____ a) a / an / an
intricate mechanism.
b) an / a / a
a) The / … b) A / the c) a / an / a
c) … / … d) The / an d) an / a / …
e) a / a / a
16) (ITA) ________ Pacific and ________ Atlantic
are ________ oceans. ________ Alps are
_________ mountains, and ________ Amazon is a 22) Choose the correct answer to complete the
river. sentence:

a) The / the / … / the / … / the Carol is _________ economist. She used to work in
b) The / the / the / the / the / the _________ investment department of Loyds bank.
c) The / the / … / … / … / the Now she works for ______ American bank in
d) … / the / … / … / … / the ________ United States.

a) a – an – the – the
17) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles: b) an – the – an – the
c) an – a – an – Ø
_____ jealous husband is _______ unpredictable d) a – an – an – Ø
e) an – the – Ø – the
man.

a) The – a b) A – a c) …– the d) A – an 23) Smith, _____ man you met yesterday is _____
honest man.

a) the – the
18) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles: b) the – an
c) an – the
____ one-dollar bill is ______ useful thing for d) a – a
e) the - a
changes when buying goods.

a) … – the b) The – a c) A – … d) A – an 24) Mark the alternative that complete the

sentence correctly:
____angry boyfriend is ____unpredictable man.
19) ___ copper is not ___ expensive metal but
___ copper of this vase is very special: it came
from ____ Peru. a) A – an
b) The – a
a) The / a / a / the c) An – an
b) A / an / the / … d) An – …
c) … / the / a / an e)… – the
d) … / an / the / …
e) … / a / the / …
25) Mark the correct alternative for this sentence:

20) Choose the correct option: This elephant is __ biggest animal in __ Africa.
a) the – a
There is___ excellent lawyer in ___office I know. b) a – …
c) the – ...
a) a, the. d) a – the
b) an, an. e) an – a
c) a, an.
d) an, the.

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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

26) _____ calculator machines he showed us 32) The indefinite article can be appropriately used
have _____ intricate mechanism. in:

a)The / an a) __________ information

b) … / … b) __________ News
c) A / the c) __________ luggage
d) The / … d) __________ egg
e) The / a e) __________ sugar

27) ___ copper is not ___ expensive metal but ___

copper of this vase is very special: it came from 33) choose the wrong alternative
____ Peru. a) a watch; a pity; an orange.
b) an umbrella; a real effort; a year.
a) an / the / … c) a small plane; an idea; a whale.
b) The / a / a / the d) a honest person; an university.
c) … / a / the / … e) an egg; an uncle; a book.
d) … / an / the / …
e) … / the / a / an
Leia o texto abaixo e responda às questões de 34 a 38
28) My sister went to the beach last month. She
met_____ girl there who was born in Goiânia. Mark Zuckerberg’s 650 Million Friends (and
When they went to ____ restaurant they noticed counting) Back in June 2009, the globe’s potpourri of
that ____place was amazing. There was ___ social-networking sites was extremely diverse:
picture of ____ Elephant. Google’s Orkut dominated India and Brazil; Central
and South America preferred Hi5; Maktoob was king
a) a, the, a, a, an. in the Arab world. The Vietnamese liked Zing, the
b) a, the, the, a, an. Czechs loved Lidé, South Koreans surfed Cyworld.
c) a, the, an, an, an. Two years after that, and Facebook has stolen users
d) a, an, the, a,an. away from its rivals very fast. It’s completely knocked
Hi5 off the map in former strongholds such as Peru,
Mexico, and Thailand. After a tense back-and-forth
29) Choose the correct option: with Orkut in India, Facebook has emerged
victorious. And it’s becoming more popular in
There is__ excellent lawyer in__office I know. Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands, where local
providers are making a desperate last stand.
a) a, the. There are some glaring exceptions to Facebook’s
b) an, an. colonization kick. Russians continue to use Vkontakte
c) a, an. and Odnoklassniki, with Facebook a distant fourth in
d) an, the. the rankings. China remains highly committed to
domestic sites such as Qzone and Renren. But for
the rest of us, we’re living in Zuckerberg’s world.
30) Check the alternative that is NOT correct:
(endereço eletrônico omitido propositadamente)

a) An excellent idea you have!

34. (ESPCEX) According to the text, Facebook’s
b) An one-armed man.
boom on the Internet was in
c) A new concept of fashion.
[A] 2007.
d) A word in front of us.
[B] 2008.
[C] 2009.
31) Julia wants to have ____ ice-cream, Kelly [D] 2010.
wants ____ banana-split, Trevor wants ____ [E] 2011.
avocado dessert and I want ____ acai cup.
35. (ESPCEX) How many different social-
a) an - a - an - a networking sites are mentioned in the text ?
b) an - a - an - an [A] Five.
c) a - an - an –an [B] Seven.
d) a - a - an -an [C] Nine.
[D] Eleven.
[E] Thirteen.
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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

36. (ESPCEX) According to the text, Facebook is The item that completes the comic strip is:
not number one in a) a
[A] South America. b) an
[B] Peru, Mexico and Thailand. c) the
[C] Russia and China. d) some
[D] India and Brazil.
[E] South Korea. 41) In “She must first establish if [ARTICLE]
cause is [ARTICLE] infection…”, the correct
37. (ESPCEX) In the sentence “And it’s becoming forms of the articles are, respectively:
more popular in Armenia, Georgia, and the a) the _ an.
Netherlands...”, the pronoun it refers to: b) the _ the.
[A] Orkut. c) a _ the.
[B] India. d) a _ an.
[C] Armenia. e) a _ a.
[D] Hi5.
[E] Facebook.
Read the text and answer question 42
38. (ESPCEX) Which alternative represents the
main idea of the text ? DISCOVERING NEW YORK
[A] Facebook dominates the world of social networks.
[B] Orkut is the most popular site in Latin America. This month TRAVEL magazine will take you to
[C] Facebook is used by people all over the world _____ unforgettable journey through _____ most
except in China. charming and posh places of _____ city claimed to
[D] Orkut won the battle in India. be _____ capital of _____world, New York City.
[E] Facebook is one of the top three in popularity in The Island of Manhattan, one of the five districts of
Russia. New York, is the richest, most urban and most filled
with attractions. The largest green area of the
Manhattan Island, with 340 hectares of woods, grass
39) Choose the correct alternative to complete the and lakes, Central Park is one of the great surprises
sentences below. in the city.
I - Simon is in ______ prison because he didn’t pay Fifth Avenue, one of the most famous addresses in
his taxes. the world, marks the middle of the city, like
Greenwich Meridian, in London, marks the middle of
II - You have made ____ very good progress.
the Earth. Some of the most expensive and luxurious
III - We didn’t have time to visit ____ Louvre when we stores are located there, just like some of the best
were in Paris. museums.
IV - I’ve always wanted to visit ____ Netherlands. A present from the French government to the United
States in 1866, The Statue of Liberty is one of the
a) a / a / the / the most visited spots in New York. It is not located in
b) --- / --- / the / the Manhattan, but rather in Liberty Island, a small island
c) the / a / --- / --- between Wall Street and Staten Island.
d) --- / a / --- / a
e) a / --- / --- / the
42) The missing articles in the first paragraph are
respectively:
40) Choose the correct alternative a) a – the – a – the – a.
b) the – a – a – the – the.
c) a – an – the – a – the.
d) an – the – a – the – a.
e) an – the – a – the – the.

43) Choose the alternative in which the definite

article is used correctly:
a) The old man is arriving right now.
b) The President Kennedy was murdered in 1963.
c) The Brazilians are very friendly.
d) The New York is a very beautiful city.

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 Sistema PeC de Ensino – EEAR - Inglês - Gramática

44) Mark the correct alternative for this sentence: 49) It will take you ____ year to be a better player.
a. a;
________ elephant is _______ biggest animal in b. an;
________Africa. c. the;
d. n.d.a.
a) The – the – …
b) That – a – … 50) The thieves stole Michael's car yesterday.
c) This – the – ... ____ car was parked in front of his house.
d) A – a – the a. An;
e) A – an – a b. The;
c. A;
d. n.d.a.
45) Complete with the appropriate articles:
Yesterday I ate ________ egg and ________ apple 51) The food will arrive in ____ hour.
for breakfast. a. a;
b. an;
a) an – an. c. the;
b) an – a d. n.d.a.
c) a–a
52) Thalia studies in ____ university far from her
d) a – an.
home.
a. a;
46) Complete with the appropriate articles: b. an;
c. the;
I know ____ girl and she has ____ d. n.d.a.
friends. ____ time ago, ____ friend of mine gave 53) (FMU – SP) Choose the correct alternative:
me ____ advice to make ____ invitation, but I'm “I want ….. one-dollar bill to buy …… envelope and ……
waiting ____ exact moment to do it. useful book”, said ….. boy who has just arrived.
a) the – an – an – an
a) a - some - a - a - an - an – an. b) an – an – an – the
b) an - some - a - a - an - an – an. c) an – a – a – a
c) a - a - a - a - an - an – an. d) the – the – the – an
d) a - an - a - a - an - an – an. e) a – an – a – the

54) (FMU/Fiam – SP) In …… Brazil, differently from …….

United States, if you want to enter ……… university, you
47) (MACK-SP) - Paul, _____ doctor, was _____ first have to take ….. exam which normally takes more than
person in _____ city to swim in _____ Mississipi …….. hour.
River on _____ tenth of _____ October, 1970 and in a) the, the, an, a, a
____ Lake Michigan in _____ 60s. b) …., …., an, an, a
c) ….., the, a, an, an
a) a - the - X - the - X - X - the – X d) …., …., a, an, an
b) a - the - the - the - the - X - X – the e) …., the, an, an, an
c) the - the - X - the - the - X - X – the
d) a - X - the - the - the - the - X – the GABARITO
e) an - the - the - the - the - X - X – the *Dica: Procure conferir o gabarito somente depois de
resolver as questões, pois assim será mais proveitoso.

01C 02B 03B 04A 05E 06D 07E 08D 09B 10B
48) (FAC.DIR.-PR.) Smith, _____ man you met 11C 12D 13C 14D 15D 16A 17D 18B 19D 20D
yesterday is _____ honest man. 21D 22B 23B 24C 25C 26A 27D 28B 29D 30B
31B 32D 33D 34E 35D 36C 37E 38A 39A 40B
41A 42E 43A 44C 45A 46A 47B 48B 49A 50B
a) the – the 51B 52A 53E 54C
b) the – an .
c) an – the
d) a – a
e) the - a

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