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DESENVOLVIMENTO

DESENVOLVIMENTO
Qualquer escavação ou abertura que não
tenha como objetivo “imediato” a
recuperação ou extração mineral.

Acessos:
Pessoal
Insumos
Produção

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DESENVOLVIMENTO
Produtivo:
Realizado no Minério (receita)

Não Produtivo:
Realizado nas Encaixantes (custos)

DESENVOLVIMENTO
Primário:
Acessos Principais
Níveis
Secundário:
Horizontais
Verticais
Terciário:
Escavações auxiliares

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DESENVOLVIMENTO PRIMÁRIO
Acessos Principais:
Características
Tipos
Localização
Quantidade
Geometria
Sistema de Transporte

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

“Shaft”
Poço Vertical

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

“Shaft”
Poço Vertical

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

“Slope”
Poço Inclinado

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
Ádito

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
Ádito

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
Rampa

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
Rampa

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
Rampa

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
Dados de 2012
Profundidade 50 – 850m
Taxa de produção 80000t/mês
Artigo: Mine Development – Acess to
Deposit
Autor S.M. Rupprecht

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Localização

• Centro de Massa
– DTM
– Reseva
• Estabilidade

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Quantidade

• Segurança
• Produção

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Geometria

• Circular x Retangular
• Dimensões
Produção
Equipamentos

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Shaft Sinking Procedures

• Drilling and Blasting
• Depth of round usually between
1.8 and 4.0 metres
• Types of round
– Full Face - V cut, burn cut,
– bench (step)
• Water proof explosives must be
used
– Powder factor of 1.5 - 2.5 kg/m3
• Detonators normally pre-
assembled as a harness
– Initiated with millisecond delays

Mechanised Shaft Sinking

Methods

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Shaft Jumbo

Access: Main Shafts

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Cannington SA50 Pre-sink at

8.0m

Cannington SA50 Shaft:

Erecting Benching Stage

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Removing Benching Stage

© MEA 2007 29 of 46

Rising Methods in Underground

Metal Mining
• Raiseboring
• Alimak rising
• Ladder rising
• Longhole rising

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Cannington SA50 Pilot Hole

Raise Borer

© MEA 2007 31 of 46

Raiseboring

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Alimak Rising: Mining Sequence

Alimak Rising: Climber

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Alimak Rising

Ladder Rising
• Rise mining is a well-established method of
constructing vertical or near vertical
connections between one horizontal level and
another
• Rise mining or ladder rising is used to:
– Confirm the geological continuity of the ore lodes
assisting in minimising mining widths
– Provide fresh air to the workings as a ventilation
raise
– Provide a second means of egress as required by
legislation

36 of 10

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Ladder Rising (cont.)

• Constructed using conventional drill and
blast techniques and usually measures
between 1.2 and 1.4 metres square
• One person usually works in the rise
– This person is usually a very skilled miner and
is paid accordingly
– The work is in demand due to the level of
remuneration and the status and prestige
afforded the position
37 of 10

Ladder Rising (cont.)

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Ladder Rising (cont.)

Rise Mining

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Longhole Rising

August 26, 2018 © MEA 2006 41 of 10

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Instalações do
Shaft

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Instalações
Subterrâneas

Mudança de Direção de Fluxo

Sistema de Carregamento

ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Instalações de
Superfície

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ACESSOS PRINCIPAIS
• Instalações de
Superfície

NÍVEIS
• Distância entre
Níveis

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Declines
• What is a decline?
• A decline is a excavation which is typically
5m x 5m in dimension
• The decline is the access route taken by
all personnel and machinery
• It usually has a slope of 1:8, which means
that for every 8m travelled horizontally the
depth increases by 1m

Decline Development Cycle

• The development of declines is a result of
repetitive cycles of rock breaking, loading
and haulage
• Supporting operations include provision of
power, dewatering, ventilation and
transportation and supply of personnel
• A typical development cycle for a 3.5m to
4.0m advance can be seen in table format
in the following slide

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Decline Development Cycle

(cont.) Task Time (Hrs) Equipment/Personnel

Enter work area for blast 0.08 2 miners

Check ventilation and extend if needed 0.25 1 to 2 miners/IT
Water down muckpile 0.2 Water/Hose/Miner
Check backs and walls for loose material 0.2 1 to 2 miners
Scale loose material 0.5 Scale bars/1 to 2 miners
Bog out muckpile 3 Bogger/haul truck
Check and extend utilities if needed 0.25 1 to 2 miners/IT
Rockbolt, mesh, shotcrete as required 1 Jumbo/1 to 2 miners
Inspect new face for butts 0.2 Miner
Mark up face for line and grade 0.5 Miner/surveyors
Drill blast pattern 2 Jumbo/operator
Charge blastholes 1 2 miners
Tie in blast 0.25 2 miners
Evacuate Blast Area 0.08 2 miners
Initiate blast 0.08 1 miner
Enter work area after blast 2 miners
Total 9.59

The Production Cycle

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Jumbos
• Declines are produced from drilling of the rock faces
by heavy underground machinery commonly known as
Jumbos
• Jumbos can be comprised of a single boom up to triple
booms
• The booms are basically arms that come off the main
body of the jumbo and consist of drill rods and bits,
which drill the rock face
• The jumbos use drill bits, which are attached to the
drilling steel rods and are subsequently powered by a
hydraulic drill
• A two boom jumbo can be seen in the following slide…

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Cuts
• Cuts are a round of holes, which have
been drilled in preparation for blasting
• These cuts are a segment of fresh,
unblasted rock that will, when blasted,
form the next segment of the tunnel
• Cuts consist of easers, lifters, and side
holes
• A picture of a cut can be seen in the next
slide

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DESENVOLVIMENTO
SECUNDÁRIO

• Horizontais
– Galerias
– Salões
• Verticais
– Raises
– Winzes
• Rampas

DESENVOLVIMENTO
SECUNDÁRIO
• Horizontais
Subestação
Fujinor

– Galerias
– Salões
PAINEL E5D

• Verticais
– Raises  

– Winzes
• Rampas PAINEL K4B





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DESENVOLVIMENTO
SECUNDÁRIO
• Horizontais
– Galerias
– Salões
• Verticais
– Raises
– Winzes
• Rampas

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