1ª Fase

EFOMM

Colégio Naval As duas Escola Naval

modalidades

Aluno:
.
 Autor: Mateus Germano da Silva
Instagram: @mateus.germano.2001

Concursos Militares abordados: Colégio Naval, EPCAR, EAM,

EsSA, EEAr (das duas modalidades), EsPCEx, AFA, EFOMM,
Escola Naval e ITA
 Sumário
• Conteúdo Programático de cada concurso ------------------------------------------------- 5
• Relação de questões por concurso em cada assunto ------------------------------------- 10
• Top 10 de Inglês de cada Concurso --------------------------------------------------------- 11
Interpretação e Vocabulário --------------------------------------------------- 12
• Colégio Naval ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
➢ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
• EPCAR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
➢ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
• EAM ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
➢ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
• EsSA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
➢ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
• EEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
➢ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
• EEAR BCT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
➢ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
• EsPCEx ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114
• AFA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
• EFOMM ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 152
• Escola Naval ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 153
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174
• ITA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204
Gramática ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 206
• Articles ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 206
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210
• Nouns -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211
➢ Countable x Uncountable ----------------------------------------------------------------- 211
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213
➢ Plural ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 214
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 217
➢ Gender --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 218
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 220
• Adjectives --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 221
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 228
• Adverbs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 229
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233
• Pronouns e Referência Pronominal ------------------------------------------------------- 234
➢ Personal Pronouns: Subject Pronouns x Object Pronouns --------------------------- 234
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 241
➢ Adjective Possessives x Possessive Pronouns ----------------------------------------- 242
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 251
➢ Reflexive Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 252
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 256
➢ Relative Pronouns -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 257
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 264
➢ Demonstrative Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------ 265
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 273
➢ Indefinite Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 274
❖ Gabarito --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 278
• Verbs and Verb Tenses ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 279
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 300
• Numbers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 302
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 304
• Conjunctions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 305
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 313
• Prepositions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 314
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 321
• Modal Verbs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 322
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 327
• Phrasal Verbs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 328
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 336
• Passive Voice and Active Voice ------------------------------------------------------------ 337
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 341
• Wh – Questions e Interrogative Pronouns ----------------------------------------------- 342
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 345
• Question Tag e Tag Answers --------------------------------------------------------------- 346
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 349
• Reported Speech ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 350
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 353
• so / too / either / neither / nor --------------------------------------------------------------- 354
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 356
• If Clauses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 357
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 361
• Determiners ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 362
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 364
• Quantifiers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 365
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 368
• Infinitive × Gerund --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 369
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 374
• Genitive Case ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 375
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 378
• Classes Gramaticais -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 379
➢ Gabarito ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 393
 Conteúdo Programático de cada Concurso
Colégio Naval (Edital de 2023)
• Reading Comprehension;
• Nouns (Countable and uncountable);
• Pronouns (subject, object, demonstrative, relative, possessive adjective and possessive);
• Articles (definite and indefinite);
• Adjectives (comparative and superlative);
• Adverbs (manner, modifier and frequency);
• Prepositions (time and place);
• Verb tenses (Infinitive, Imperative, Simple Present, Present Continuous, Future, Simple Past, Past Continuous) - Affirmative,
negative, interrogative forms and short answers;
• Modal Verbs;
• Quantifiers;
• Genitive Case;
• Word order;
• WH-questions;
• Linking words;
• Word formation (prefixes and suffixes);
• Conditional clauses (type 1 and 2).
EPCAR
• Compreensão e Interpretação de Textos.
• Estruturas Gramaticais.
• Substantivos: gênero, número, contáveis e incontáveis.
• Pronomes: pessoal, oblíquo, possessivo, reflexivo, demonstrativo, relativo, indefinido e interrogativo.
• Adjetivos: graus comparativo e superlativo.
• Preposições.
• Conjunções.
• Advérbios: tempo, lugar, modo e frequência.
• Numerais.
• Artigos: definidos e indefinidos.
• Verbos: modos, tempos, formas e vozes.
• Caso possessivo.
• Questiontag e respostas curtas.
• Orações condicionais.
EAM (Edital de 2023)
• READING COMPREHENSION
• GRAMMAR
➢ Verb tenses (affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms): Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Past
Continuous and Future.
➢ Infinitive.
➢ Imperative.
➢ There to be.
➢ Modal verb “can”.
➢ Questions.
➢ Nouns (Countable and Uncountable).
➢ Articles (Definite and Indefinite).
➢ Adjectives.
➢ Pronouns (Subject, Object, Demonstrative and Possessive Pronouns) and Possessive adjectives.
➢ Prepositions (time and place).
➢ Time expressions.
➢ Conjunctions (and, but, so, or, because).
➢ Quantifiers (some, any, no, many, much).
• VOCABULARY: Numbers, Dates, Sports, Clothes, Food and related verbs.

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 EsSA
• A prova de Inglês avaliará a Compreensão Leitora no idioma estrangeiro por meio de textos em gêneros diversos, além de
expressões, orações, frases e vocábulos; bem como exigirá o conhecimento dos seguintes tópicos gramaticais.
• Substantivos (Nouns)
➢ Gênero.
➢ Substantivos contáveis e incontáveis.
➢ Número dos substantivos contáveis no singular e no plural.
➢ Caso genitivo/possessivo com o genitivo saxão’s e com a preposição of.
• Pronomes (Pronouns)
➢ Pronomes pessoais.
➢ Pronomes reflexivos.
➢ Pronomes e adjetivos demonstrativos.
➢ Pronomes e adjetivos possessivos.
➢ Pronomes e adjetivos interrogativos (question words).
➢ Adjetivos indefinidos.
➢ Pronomes indefinidos.
➢ Quantificadores.
• Artigos (Articles)
➢ Artigo definido the.
➢ Artigo indefinido a/an.
• Adjetivos e Advérbios (Adjectives and Adverbs)
➢ Formas e usos.
➢ Posição dos adjetivos e advérbios.
➢ Graus do adjetivo e do advérbio.
• Verbos (Verbs)
➢ Verbos no tempo Presente Simples (Simple Present).
➢ Verbos no Presente Contínuo (Present Continuous).
➢ Verbos no Passado Simples (Past Simple).
➢ Verbos no Passado Contínuo (Past Continuous).
➢ Verbos no Futuro Imediato (Future with Going to).
➢ Verbos no Futuro com shall/will (Simple Future).
➢ Verbos no Presente Perfeito (Present Perfect).
➢ Verbos Modais can, could, must, may, might, would, should e ought to.
➢ Verbos no modo imperativo (Imperative).
➢ Formas do infinitivo e gerúndio (Infintive and Gerund).
➢ Verbos frasais (Phrasal verbs).
➢ Tag Questions.
• Preposições (Prepositions)
➢ Preposições de tempo, lugar, movimento e formas de transporte.
EEAr – Aeronavegantes e Não – navegantes (Edital de 2023)
• GRAMÁTICA:
➢ Substantivos: gênero, singular e plural, composto, contável e incontável e forma possessiva;
➢ Adjetivos: posição, grau de comparação, sinônimos e antônimos;
➢ Pronomes: pessoal do caso reto e do oblíquo, indefinidos (pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), relativos, demonstrativos
(pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), possessivos (pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), reflexivos e relativos;
➢ Pronomes e advérbios interrogativos;
➢ Advérbios: formação, tipos e uso;
➢ Preposições;
➢ Conjunções;
➢ Verbos: regulares, irregulares e auxiliares;
➢ Tempos verbais: Simple present, Present progressive, Simple past, Past progressive, Present perfect e Future;
➢ Modal verbs;
➢ Infinitivo e gerúndio;
➢ Modos imperativo e subjuntivo;
➢ Orações condicionais (0, 1 e 2);
➢ Voz Passiva e Phrasal Verbs;
➢ Question Tags;
➢ Quantificadores;
➢ Prefixos e Sufixos;
➢ Artigos definidos e indefinidos.
• COMPREENSÃO DE TEXTOS: Textos de assuntos técnicos e gerais.

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 EEAr – Controle de Tráfego Aéreo (Edital de 2023)
• GRAMÁTICA:
➢ Artigos: definido e indefinido;
➢ Substantivos: gênero, singular e plural, composto, contável e incontável e forma possessiva;
➢ Adjetivos: posição, formação pelo gerúndio e pelo particípio e grau de comparação;
➢ Pronomes: pessoal do caso reto e do oblíquo, indefinidos (pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), relativos, demonstrativos
(pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), possessivos (pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), reflexivos e relativos;
➢ Pronomes e advérbios interrogativos;
➢ Determinantes (Determiners: all, most, no, none, either, neither, both, etc.);
➢ Quantificadores (Quantifiers: a lot, a few, a little, etc.);
➢ Advérbios: formação, tipos e uso;
➢ Numerais;
➢ Preposições;
➢ Conjunções;
➢ Verbos: regulares, irregulares e auxiliares;
➢ Tempos verbais: Simple present, Present progressive, Simple past, Past progressive, Future e Perfect tenses;
➢ Modal verbs;
➢ Infinitivo e gerúndio;
➢ Modos imperativo e subjuntivo;
➢ Vozes do verbo: ativa, passiva e reflexiva;
➢ Phrasal verbs;
➢ Forma verbal enfática;
➢ Question tags e tag answers;
➢ Discurso direto e indireto;
➢ Estrutura da oração: período composto (condicionais, relativas, apositivas, etc.);
➢ Prefixos e sufixos; e
➢ Marcadores do discurso (By the way, on the other hand, in addition, in my opinion, etc.).
• COMPREENSÃO DE TEXTOS: Textos de assuntos técnicos e gerais.
EsPCEx
• A prova de Inglês do Concurso de Admissão destina-se a avaliar a habilidade de compreensão geral de textos na Língua
Inglesa, a compreensão específica de expressões, frases e palavras, bem como o conhecimento das seguintes estruturas
gramaticais:
➢ Adjectives;
➢ Adverbs;
➢ Nouns;
➢ Articles;
➢ Conjunctions;
➢ Modal auxiliaries;
➢ Prepositions;
➢ Pronouns;
➢ Possessive adjectives;
➢ Determiners;
➢ Quantifiers;
➢ Verb forms;
➢ Verb tenses;
➢ Active/passive voice;
➢ Wh-questions.
• Os textos de apoio abordarão temas variados e poderão ser extraídos das mais diversas fontes (livros, revistas, jornais e
internet).
AFA
• COMPREENSÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS
• ESTRUTURAS GRAMATICAIS
➢ Substantivos: gênero, número, contáveis e incontáveis.
➢ Pronomes: pessoal, oblíquo, possessivo, reflexivo, demonstrativo, relativo, indefinido e interrogativo.
➢ Adjetivos: graus comparativo e superlativo.
➢ Preposições.
➢ Conjunções.
➢ Advérbios.
➢ Numerais.
➢ Artigos: definidos e indefinidos.
➢ Verbos: tempos, modos, formas e vozes.

7
 ➢ Caso possessivo.
➢ Questiontag e respostas curtas.
➢ Estrutura da oração.
➢ Período composto: orações condicionais, relativas, apositivas, etc.
➢ Discursos: direto e indireto.
EFOMM
• LEITURA
➢ Leitura, compreensão e interpretação de textos diversos;
➢ Significado das palavras e expressões;
➢ Equivalência semântica;
➢ Identificação de informações no texto.
• VOCABULÁRIO
➢ Expressões idiomáticas;
➢ Falsos cognatos;
➢ Sinônimos e antônimos de palavras.
• GRAMÁTICA
➢ Tempos verbais;
➢ Formas verbais: afirmativa, interrogativa e negativa;
➢ Vozes ativa e passiva;
➢ Infinitivo e gerúndio;
➢ Verbos regulares e irregulares;
➢ “phrasal verbs” e verbos seguidos de preposição;
➢ Modais;
➢ Imperativo;
➢ Causativo;
➢ Orações condicionais;
➢ Discursos direto e indireto;
➢ Comparativos e superlativos;
➢ Substantivos;
➢ Pronomes;
➢ Artigos;
➢ Adjetivos;
➢ Advérbios;
➢ Preposições;
➢ Locuções preposicionais;
➢ Conjunções;
➢ Uso de conectivos;
➢ Perguntas com pronomes interrogativos;
➢ Ordem das palavras na frase;
➢ Prefixos e sufixos;
➢ Pontuação;
➢ Numeral;
➢ “determiners”;
➢ “quantifiers”;
➢ “genitive case”;
➢ “relative clauses”;
➢ “clause and their elements”;
➢ “tag questions”;
➢ “so /too/ either/ neither”.
Escola Naval
• LEITURA
➢ Leitura, compreensão e interpretação de diversos tipos de textos: inferência do significado de palavras e expressões;
➢ Identificação da ideia principal e de informações específicas no texto;
➢ Identificação do caráter emocional, da atitude do autor com relação ao texto e do efeito intencional no leitor.
• ASPECTOS GRAMATICAIS
➢ Verbos regulares e irregulares;
➢ Modais;
➢ Tempos verbais;
➢ Formas verbais: afirmativa, interrogativa e negativa;

8
 ➢ Imperativo;
➢ Gerúndio e Infinitivo;
➢ “Tag questions”;
➢ Causativo: “have”/“get”; “So”/“Neither”/“Nor” com auxiliares;
➢ “Phrasal verbs” e verbos seguidos de preposição;
➢ Orações condicionais (tipos 0, 1 e 2);
➢ Comparativos e superlativos;
➢ Discurso indireto;
➢ Voz passiva;
➢ Perguntas diretas e indiretas;
➢ Substantivos contáveis e incontáveis;
➢ “Quantifiers”;
➢ “Determiners”;
➢ Pronomes;
➢ Artigos;
➢ Adjetivos;
➢ Advérbios;
➢ Numerais;
➢ Preposições;
➢ Locuções preposicionais e preposições que seguem substantivos,
➢ Adjetivos e verbos;
➢ Conectivos.
• TÓPICOS
➢ Vestimentas;
➢ Cotidiano;
➢ Educação;
➢ Diversão e mídia;
➢ Tecnologia;
➢ Meio ambiente;
➢ Comida e bebida;
➢ Tempo livre, “hobbies” e lazer;
➢ Saúde e exercícios;
➢ Moradia;
➢ Povos e línguas;
➢ Sentimentos, opiniões e experiências;
➢ Identificação pessoal;
➢ Lugares e edificações;
➢ Relacionamento com outras pessoas;
➢ Transporte e serviços;
➢ Compras;
➢ Esporte;
➢ Mundo natural;
➢ Viagens e férias;
➢ Tempo;
➢ Trabalho e empregos;
➢ A Marinha.
ITA
• O exame de Inglês consistirá em uma prova com 12 questões, visando à avaliação do candidato em sua competência para
compreender textos autênticos em língua inglesa. As questões, todas de múltipla escolha, avaliarão a capacidade do candidato
de predizer conteúdos, inferir significados, reconhecer vocabulário dentro de contextos diversos e identificar estruturas
gramaticais essenciais à compreensão dos conteúdos apresentados. Os textos utilizados serão extraídos das mais diversas
fontes. As questões deverão avaliar a compreensão global dos textos propostos, bem como a compreensão detalhada de
expressões, frases e palavras dentro do contexto. Além de questões para avaliação da compreensão dos textos, poderão compor
a prova questões formuladas a partir de expressões idiomáticas, frases isoladas e tiras cômicas, dentre outras.

9
 Relação de questões por provas em cada assunto
EEAr
Assuntos CN EPCAR EAM EsSA EEAr EsPCEx AFA EFOMM EN ITA Diversos Total
BCT
Interpretação de
Texto e 48 84 10 9 120 183 107 120 74 77 135 0 967
Vocabulário
Articles 4 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 6 9 0 6 32
Nouns: Countable
3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 25 31
x Uncountable
Nous: Gender ⚫ 1 ⚫ ⚫ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 30
Nous: Plural ⚫ 1 ⚫ 2 4 1 0 1 3 1 0 18 31
Adjectives 8 6 0 2 16 9 1 5 4 10 6 0 67
Adverbs 3 4 ⚫ 0 12 3 0 3 0 3 1 5 34
Subject Pronouns x
6 5 2 2 6 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 33
Object Pronouns
Adjectives
Possessives x
5 2 2 0 3 5 5 2 0 7 0 2 33
Possessive
Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns ⚫ 0 ⚫ 0 4 2 0 2 0 1 0 24 32
Relative Pronouns 0 3 ⚫ 0 4 4 5 7 3 5 4 0 35
Demonstrative
0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 1 3 4 18 32
Pronouns
Indefinite
⚫ 4 ⚫ 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 21 31
Pronouns
Verbs and Verb
19 9 5 6 54 20 7 9 27 34 1 0 191
Tenses
Numbers ⚫ 3 0 ⚫ 8 0 ⚫ 0 0 0 0 19 30
Conjunctions ⚫ 3 0 ⚫ 7 10 8 8 9 10 13 0 68
Prepositions 3 0 1 1 9 5 4 1 14 17 0 0 55
Modal Verbs 2 6 1 0 14 7 1 3 9 11 2 0 56
Phrasal Verbs ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ 0 11 17 1 1 16 6 3 2 57
Passive Voice and
⚫ 1 ⚫ ⚫ 8 11 2 5 0 3 2 3 35
Active Voice
Wh – Questions e
Interrogative 6 7 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 9 0 5 30
Pronouns
Question Tag e Tag
⚫ 5 ⚫ 0 4 3 ⚫ 2 3 9 0 6 32
Answers
Reported Speech ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ 6 ⚫ 7 1 9 1 9 33
so / too / either /
⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ 0 10 0 21 31
neither / nor
If Clauses 0 2 ⚫ ⚫ 2 8 ⚫ 3 8 14 0 0 37
Determiners ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ 1 0 ⚫ 0 2 0 27 30
Quantifiers 2 ⚫ 1 1 0 1 0 ⚫ 3 3 0 24 35
Infinitive × Gerund 0 0 1 1 4 2 ⚫ 0 9 16 1 3 37
Genitive Case 2 1 ⚫ 0 0 0 ⚫ 1 1 0 0 26 31
Classes
3 1 0 1 22 7 1 4 27 15 13 0 94
Gramaticais
Total de questões 114 149 24 26 320 312 147 190 221 287 187 293 2270
Número de provas
6 10 5 4 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 ???? 112
analisadas
⚫ = Não está no edital do concurso → baseado nos editais lançados no ano de 2022
Obs: Os exercícios “diversos” são questões de vestibulares e até mesmo de concursos militares que não estejam dentro das últimas
12 provas de cada concurso abordado OU de algum assunto que não está mais no edital dos concursos militares abordados.
Obs: alguns concursos começaram a cobrar inglês recentemente, por isso alguns não apresentam 12 provas

10
 Top 10
Top CN EPCAR EAM EsSA EEAr EEAr BCT
Interpretação de Interpretação de Interpretação de Interpretação de
Interpretação de Interpretação de
1 Texto e Texto e Texto e Texto e
Texto e Vocabulário Texto e Vocabulário
Vocabulário Vocabulário Vocabulário Vocabulário
Verbs and Verb Verbs and Verb Verbs and Verb Verbs and Verb Verbs and Verb Verbs and Verb
2
Tenses Tenses Tenses Tenses Tenses Tenses
Subject Pronouns x Pronouns e
3 Adjectives Wh-questions Object Pronouns Nouns: Plural Referência Phrasal Verbs
Pronominal
Adjectives
Subject Pronouns x Possessives x Identificar a Classe Passive Voice and
4 Adjectives Adjectives
Object Pronouns Possessive Gramatical Active Voice
Pronouns
Subject Pronouns
5 Wh-questions Modal Verbs Adjectives Conjunctions
x Object Pronouns
Adjectives
Possessives x Subject Pronouns x
6 Modal Verbs Adjectives
Possessive Object Pronouns
Pronouns
Os outros Pronouns:
assuntos têm Os outros Adjectives
incidência muito assuntos têm Possessives x
7 Articles Question tag Adverbs
pequena incidência Possessive Pronouns
e
muito pequena
Relative Pronouns
8 Os outros Os outros Phrasal Verbs If Clauses
assuntos têm assuntos têm Identificar a Classe
9 Prepositions
incidência muito incidência muito Gramatical
10 pequena pequena Numbers Modal Verbs
Top EsPCEX AFA EFOMM EN ITA
Interpretação de Texto e Interpretação de Texto e Interpretação de Texto e Interpretação de Texto e Interpretação de Texto e
1
Vocabulário Vocabulário Vocabulário Vocabulário Vocabulário
Análise das classes
2 Conjunctions Verbs and Verb Tenses Verbs and Verb Tenses Verbs and Verb Tenses
gramaticais
Erro gramatical e
3 Verbs and Verb Tenses Conjunctions Prepositions Conjunctions
Preencher lacuna
Pronouns: Relative
Adjectives Possessives
4 Relative Pronouns Phrasal Verbs Infinitive × Gerund Pronouns e Demonstrative
x Possessive Pronouns
Pronouns
Erro gramatical e
5 Relative Pronouns Reported Speech Prepositions Adjective
Preencher lacuna
Passive Voice and
6 Prepositions Infinitive × Gerund If Clauses
Active Voice
Pronouns: Adjectives
Possessives x
7 Adjectives Conjunctions Possessive Pronouns Os outros assuntos
e têm incidência muito
Os outros assuntos
têm incidência Relative Pronouns pequena para entrar
8 muito pequena Modal Verbs Modal Verbs em um Top 10
Os outros assuntos
so / too / either / neither
9 têm incidência If Clauses
/ nor
muito pequena
10 Articles Adjectives

11
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
Colégio Naval
Texto para as questões 1 e 2
Helpinq at a hospital
Every year many young peopie finish school and then take
a year off before they start work or go to college. Some of them
go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give
their time to help people. For example, they work in schools or
hospitais, orthey help with conservation.
Mike Coleman is 19 and lives in Omaha, Nebraska, in the
United States. He wants to become a teacher but now he is
living in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima
Mulilo. He says, " I'm working with the doctors and nurses
here to help sick peopie. I'm not a doctor but I can do a lot of
things to help. For example, I help carry peopie who can't walk.
Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There
aren't many doctors here so they need help from peopie like
me. I don't get any money, but that's OK, l'm not here for the
money.”
"I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small
house with five other volunteers. The work is hard and the days
are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about
life in Southern África and about myself! When I finish the two
months' work, I want to travel in and around Namibia for three
weeks. For example, I want to see the animais in the Okavango
Delta in Botswana."
http://vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the statements below to check
if they are true (T) or false (F), and choose the option that
respectively represents the statements.
( ) Some volunteers work with preservation.
( ) Mike Coleman often works in a hospital.
( ) Mike is happy because the work is hard.
( ) lt's a personal experience, in Mike's opinion.
a) (T) (F) (F) (T)
b) (F) (F) (T) (T)
c) (T) (T) (F) (F)
d) (F) (T) (T) (F)
e) (T) (F) (T) (F)
2) (Colégio Naval 2017) Mark the right option to fill in the
following sentence.
Why is Mike Coleman in Namíbia, South África?
Because_________________________ .
a) he doesn't want to go to coliege.
b) he wants to become a teacher.
c) money is never important.
d) it's a cheap way to travel.
e) he believes that volunteering is nice.
3) (Colégio Naval 2017) According to text II, it's correct to
say that the statements are true, EXCEPT:
My name is Patrick. I went on vacation to Brazii last
Summer, and I stayed in a five-star hotel in front of the
beach in Rio de Janeiro.
I went to Rio by plane and I spent a month there, I met a lot
of people and we had a great time! I want to go back to
Brazii as soon as possible.
a) He liked the trip and intends to visit Brazii again.
b) He flew to Rio de Janeiro to spend his vacation there.
c) Patrick had a great time with many people.
d) He traveled to Rio de Janeiro last summer.
12
e) He spent thirty days in a hotei near the city of Rio de
Janeiro.
Texto para as questões 4 e 5
The Vikings
Raiders, travelers or brave explorers?
The Vikings sailed the seas, attacked towns, and stole treasures
all over Europe between 800 and 1100. They started from
Scandinavia and attacked many countries in Europe. They
settled in Britain, Ireland and France. They also crossed the
Atlantic Ocean and arrived in Iceland and Greenland. They
discovered North America but they also traveled east to Russia
and south to Arabia.
They were good farmers and excelient shipbuilders. They used
their ships for war. They also used them to carry people and
goods to new lands. In winter, when there was not much farm
work to do, they stayed home and did other interesting jobs.
Men made swords to use them in battle. The Vikings liked
swords so much they often decorated them with gold and gave
them names. Women cooked and made clothes, shoes, and
jewelry for themselves, their children and husbands.
In 866 the Vikings captured an Anglo-Saxon town. They called
it Jorvik and it was the capital of the Viking kingdom for 200
years. They made Jorvik rich and one of the most famous cities
in Britain. Some years ago, archeologists discovered part of
that Viking town in York, the modern city of Jorvik. They
found many things such as jewelry, coins and clothes. If you
ever go to York and you want to traveli back in time and see
how the Vikings lived, visit the Jorvik Centre!
Adapted from Wilson, D. M. (1987) The Vikings, Activity
Book, British Museum Press http://www.pi-
schools.gr/books/gymnasio/aggl_a_prox/ergas/043-060.pdf
4) (Colégio Naval 2017) All the statements below are correct
about the Vikings, EXCEPT that They
a) were good at farming and shipbuilding.
b) were a people who enjoyed traveling by ship.
c) liked jewelry and swords.
d) were in the Americas before Columbus.
e) all lived in Jorvik from 866 to 1066.
5) (Colégio Naval 2017) The Vikings used their ships to
a) steal Scandinavia's treasures.
b) become good shipbuilders.
c) build villages all over Europe.
d) sail the seas, to carry people and goods and for war.
e) stay inside them during the cold winter.
Texto para a questão 6
Social media ’destroying how society works'
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing
great harm to society around the world. The executive is a man
called Chamath Palihapitiya. He joined Facebook in 2007 a n d
became a vice president. He was responsible for increasing the
number of users Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels
very guilty about getting more people to use social networks.
He said the networks are destroying society because they are
changing people's behavior. Twenty years ago, people talked to
each other face to face. Today, people message each other and
do not talk. People also really care about what other people
think of them. They post photos and wait to see how many
people like the photo. They get very sad if people do not like
the photo.
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break from
social media so they can experience real life. He wants people
to value each other instead of valuing online "hearts, likes, and
thumbs-up". Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is
affecting how we see the world, it is becoming easier for large
websites to spread lies. It is also becoming easier to hurt other
people online. Anyone can hide behind a fake user name and
post lies about other people. Palihapitiya said this was
a global problem. He is worried about social media so much
that he has banned his children from using it. However, he did
state that Facebook was a good company. He said: "Of course,
it's not all bad. Facebook overwhelmingly does good in the
world."
6) (Colégio Naval 2018) Read the statements to check if they
are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
I- An ex-Facebook boss said social media is damaging
society.
II- It is becoming more difficult for big websites to spread
fake news.
III- People message each other today instead of talking face
to face.
IV- Palihapitiya said social media does not change our
behavior.
Choose the option that respectively represents the
statements above.
a) (F)(T)(T)(F)
b) (F)(F)(T)(T)
c) (T) (F) (T) (F)
d) (T) (T) (F) (T)
e) (F) (F) (F) (T)
Texto para as questões 7 - 10
TRAVEL TIPS
How to Plan a Movie-Themed Vacation
It’s easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy the
places where your favorite movies were made.
Lars Leetaru
By Shivani Vora
March 8, 2018
Whether it’s the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy in New
Zealand or "Roman Holiday” in Rome, many noteworthy
movies are filmed in appealing locales all over the world that
travelers may want to visit and enjoy.
According to Angela Tillson, a film location manager in
Kauai who has worked on the set of films including "Jurassic
Park: The Lost World” and “The Descendants," exploring a
beloved movie set destination through the eyes of the film
makes for an enjoyable vacation. "Seeing a place with a focus
on a movie you love will give you a perspective that the
average tourist doesn’t usually get. You’ll certainly have a
better impression of the place,” she said. Here are her tips to
get started.
Choose Your Destination
If there’s a movie you love, you can find out where it was
filmed by looking at the credits at the end of the film or by
going online to The Internet Movie Database, also known
as IMDB, which often lists filming locations. Once you know
the locale, you can start planning your trip. Or, consider doing
what Ms. Tillson often does when deciding on where to
vacation: pick a spot you’re interested in visiting, and find out
what movies have been filmed there. “It’s fun to sometimes let
a destination determine the movie you're going to live rather
than the other way around,” Ms. Tillson said.
Get in the Mood
Before you head to your destination, be sure to rewatch the
movie. A rewatch not only reminds you of identifiable spots to
13
look out for during your trip, but it also adds to the excitement
of your upcoming exploration.
If the movie is based on a book, consider reading the book,
too. It may have details about the locale that the movie doesn’t
touch on. Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it into
the movie adaptations, which gives you a deeper view of the
destination. Ms. Tillson also recommended downloading the
movie’s soundtrack or score, and listening to it throughout your
trip.
Book a Themed Trip
Some travel companies sell set itineraries focused on
popular movies. Luxury tour operator Zicasso, for example,
has an eight-day trip, all inclusive, to Ireland inspired by "Star
Wars: The Last Jedi” and Wild Frontiers has an eleven-day trip
to India inspired by "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel." Ms.
Tillson suggested doing a web search or checking with a travel
agent to find out about such trips.
Also, in some destinations, local tour operators and hotels
sell movie-themed tours. For instance, The St. Regis Priceville
Resort offers a tour that includes a private helicopter ride to
Manawaiopuna Falls, made famous in "Jurassic Park,” and an
ATV tour of filming locations of movies such as “Raiders of
the Lost Ark" and “Pirates of the Caribbean.” Lunch is even
included. The cost is $5,674 for two adults.
A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour
“Roman Holiday" themed excursion from HR Tours, where
travelers ride a Vespa with a driver and see ail the sites from
the movie; the cost is 170 euros per person.
Hang Where the Movie Crew Did
When they’re not working, movie crews enjoy hitting local
bars and casual restaurants that serve tasty local cuisine, Ms.
Tillson said.
Find out where the behind-the-scenes staff of your film
spent their time by asking your destination’s tourist board or
your hotel’s concierge, and check out a few of the spots. “It’s
another way to get involved in the film and spend time in bars
and restaurants that you wouldn’t normally think to hit,” she
said.
7) (Colégio Naval 2018) What is true about the themed trip
inspired by the film “Star Wars: The Last Jedi"?
a) It offers no meals.
b) It lasts 11 days.
c) It’s very cheap.
d) It’s located in India.
e) It’s offered by Zicasso.
8) (Colégio Naval 2018) In the first paragraph, the word
"appealing” can be replaced by all these words, EXCEPT
for
a) interesting.
b) pleasing.
c) lovable.
d) repulsive.
e) attractive.
9) (Colégio Naval 2018) What’s the main purpose of text II?
a) Teach students how to plan where to go on vacation.
b) inspire the fans of “Lord of the Rings” to visit New
Zealand.
c) Make people feel interested in watching famous movies.
d) Give some suggestions on traveling to a movie set
destination.
e) Advertise travel companies that sell movie-themed
vacations.
10) (Colégio Naval 2018) According to Ms. Tilson,
a) listening to the songs of the movie can get you in the
mood of your movie-themed vacation.
b) you can never choose the destination in the first place.
Always base your trip on the movie you like.
c) you don’t find any information online about the themed
itineraries. You have to check it exclusively with a
travel agent.
d) it’s difficult to have a different perspective when you
explore the destination through the eyes of the film.
e) you can visit local bars and restaurants and have the
opportunity to meet the movie crew.
Texto para as questões 11 - 14
STEPHEN HAWKING
Stephen Hawking, one of the most famous scientists of the
21st century, died on March 14th, 2018. But his ideas on
gravity, black holes and the Big Bang are the greatest legacy he
left to the world.
Early Life and College
On January 8th, 1942, Stephen Hawking was born to a
successful family in Oxford, England. He was not the best
student at fundamental or high school, but he was very smart.
His dad wanted him to become a medical doctor, but Stephen
really wanted to study math.
Despite his poor grades at school, Stephen aced his exams
for college. He was admitted to Oxford University, but they
didn't have math as a major. So, he decided to study physics
and chemistry instead.
Stephen became a member of a rowing team when he was
in college. After he graduated, he decided to continue his
education and went to graduate school.
Graduate School, Marriage and Health Problems
While in graduate school, he had some health problems. He
began tripping for no reason, and his speech became hard to
understand. His family encouraged him to go to the doctor.
Stephen was diagnosed with a disease called ALS, or Lou
Gehrig's disease, which affects the brain and spine. He was
only twenty one, and the doctors initially gave him only a few
years to live. Luckily, his condition progressed more slowly
than is often the case.
During this time, Stephen had a relationship with a woman
named Jane. He said she and his work were his inspiration for
living. Stephen earned his Ph.D. degree in 1965. He started to
get worse, and eventually became confined to a wheelchair.
Nonetheless, he and Jane married in 1965 and were able to
have three children.
He studied how space and time are related, including
scientific studies of black holes in space and how they work in
the universe. He also had a lot of success in his work as a
college professor.
A New Voice
In 1985, Stephen got really sick and doctors were able to
save him, but he was unable to speak. He could only use his
eyebrows to communicate. Eventually, he was able to use a
special voice synthesizer, allowing him to talk by moving his
cheek muscles and using a mouse pad.
Famous Works and Prizes
His most notorious theory is that black holes can emit
radiation; also known as Hawking radiation. He received
numerous awards but never won the Nobel Prize.
Stephen always enjoyed writing books. His best seller, “A
Brief History in Time” made terms like the Big Bang and black
14
holes easy to understand. Other famous Stephen Hawking
books include: “A Briefer History in Time", “On the Shoulders
of Giants” and "The Universe in a Nutshell". He also wrote
many books for children along with his daughter Lucy. His
famous books for children include "George’s Cosmic Treasure
Hunt" and “George and the Big Bang”.
His last work, submitted only two weeks before his death,
reveals the universe will come to an end when stars run out of
energy. However, his theory suggests that scientists will be
able to find parallel universes using probes on spaceships.
11) (Colégio Naval 2018) Say if the following statements are T
(true) or F (false) about Hawking’s disease. Then mark the
correct option, from top to bottom.
( ) It confined him to a wheelchair.
( ) It affected his ability to speak.
( ) It was diagnosed when he was 21 years old.
( ) It progressed more quickly than expected.
( ) It made him sturhble for no reason.
a) (T) (T) (T) (F) (F)
b) (T) (F) (T) (F) (F)
c) (T) (T) (T) (F) (T)
d) (F) (T) (F) (T) (T)
e) (F) (T) (F) (T) (F)
12) (Colégio Naval 2018) What statement is correct about
Hawking’s last work?
a) It predicted the end of the universe.
b) It suggests there are no parallel universes.
c) It could not be finished because of his death.
d) It was his bestselling book and received a prize.
e) It introduced his theory about the Big Bang.
13) (Colégio Naval 2018) It can be inferred from the text that
Stephen Hawking
a) received numerous awards, including a Nobel Prize.
b) was seventy six years old when he died.
c) married Jane one year after he got his Ph.D degree.
d) wrote “A Brief History in Time” for kids.
e) wanted to be a doctor, but studied physics instead.
14) (Colégio Naval 2018) In the sentence, “Despite his poor
grades at school, Stephen aced his exams for college.”
(paragraph 3), the underlined phrase means that Stephen
a) got bad grades in his tests.
b) passed with average grades.
c) achieved high marks in the test.
d) tried hard but did not pass.
e) had a second change and passed.
Texto para as questões 15 – 17
Robotic Cars
The year is 2020, and it’s 7;45 on a rainy Monday morning,
and you are in your car on your way to work. You turn right,
and you turn left. A few minutes later, you stop at a traffic
light. When the light turns green and there are no other cars in
the intersection, you continue on your way. Ten minutes later
you get to work and stop reading the morning paper. Then, you
get out of your car and you say, “Thank you!". Your car
replies, “You’re welcome!’’. This possibie future may sound
unreai, but in fact many car companies are aiready testing
robotic cars, or driverless cars, on the roads today, although the
cars don't speak very much yet.
In the 1980s, Germany and the United States tested the first
driverless cars, and by 2020 companies such as Volvo, GM,
Nissan and BMW plan to seil driverless cars. Driverless cars
are not really ‘driverless - the drivers are computers that use
radar, Computer maps and other modern technology. They <https://breakingnewsenglish.eom/1904/190401 -
offer many advantages. Perhaps the most important of these is webauthentication.html>
fewer deaths caused by road accidents. For example, in 1968 18) (Colégio Naval 2019) Mark the option which is false about
more than 53.000 people lost their lives in car accidents in the the text.
USA. This number has fallen to less than 33.000 but it’s still a a) Login credentiais might soon be replaced by Web
high number. In addition, people will spend iess time stuck in Authentication.
traffic jams and there will be no need for people to have a b) Web Authentication makes use of biometrics.
driving license. One of the major disadvantages of this new c) The WWW Consortium suggested the use of passwords
technology, however, is the cost. It’s not free. U$5.000 to is nearing an end.
U$10.000 is added to the price of the new car. Nevertheless, at d) The WWW Consortium suggested passwords are a
some time in your life, you will probably be sitting in a robotic, waste of resources.
driverless car on your way to work or school. The future is e) Web Authentication increases the risk of having
almost here. Are you ready for it? passwords stoien.
<https://www.aHthinastoDics.eom/uploads/2/3/2/9/23290220/l 19) (Colégio Naval 2019) What two exampies of biometrics
esson-drivina-robo ticcars2.pdf> did the article mention?
15) (Colégio Naval 2019) Mark the sentences that does not a) Facial recognition and DNA.
represent an advantage of driverless cars. b) Fingerprints and facial recognition.
a) Robotic cars will probably reduce the number of c) Our retina and fingerprints.
accidents. d) DNA and fingerprints.
b) People won’t waste so much time in traffic jams. e) DNA and USB security keys.
c) Driverless cars will be cheaper than regular cars. 20) (Colégio Naval 2019) Observe the city map.
d) Driving licenses won’t be necessary.
e) It will be possible to relax in a robotic car.
16) (Colégio Naval 2019) According to the text, a driverless
car is a car that
a) doesn’t have any driver.
b) uses technology to move.
c) goes where ít wants. lt’s correct to say that the
d) only goes to work or school. a) grocery store is in front of the high school.
e) drives and reads the papers. b) library is behind the hospital.
17) (Colégio Naval 2019) The robotic car can: c) drugstore is next to the café.
a) read the morning paper. d) barbershop is across from the sports center.
b) turn right, left and green. e) the bank is between the shopping center.
c) say a few words. 21) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read Garfield, a comic strip, by Jim
d) do your work for you. Davis.
e) test car companies.
Texto para as questões 18 e 19
Passwords to be replaced by Web Authentication
It looks iike login usernames and passwords are on their way
out. No longer will we have to worry about the security of our
login credentiais. They are set to be replaced by an infinitely
more secure login system known as Web Authentication. Web
lt’s correct to say that Garfield
Authentication has become an official standard for logging in
a) is always boring.
at the main Internet standards body, the World Wide Web
b) is never bored at Jon.
Consortium (WWWC). It is a system that will be universally
c) gets bored when Jon talks.
used by web browsers and platforms for simpier and stronger
d) has a boring life.
authentication processes. It will allow website users to iog in
e) thinks Jon has a boring voice.
securely to their online accounts using a digital device,
22) (Colégio Naval 2020) According to the text:
biometrics (such as fingerprints and facial recognition) or USB
The South Korean movie "Parasite won (WIN) the Oscar
security keys.
for best picture on Sunday, which means that it was the first
The WWWC spoke about the days of passwords being
non-English language movie to win the top prize.
numbered. A spokesperson said: "lt’s common knowledge that
lt also was the first movie from South Korea to get a
passwords have outlived their efficacy. Not only are stoien,
nomination at the Oscars. Before the Oscars, 'Parasite' also
weak or default passwords behind 81 per cent of data breaches,
won awards at the Cannes Film Festival, the Screen Actors
they are a drain of time and resources." It added: "Now is the
Guild, and the British Academy of Film and Television
time for web Services and businesses to adopt Web
Arts.
Authentication to move beyond vulnerable passwords and help
Director Bong Joon-ho said that the movie is "a
web users improve the security of their online experiences,"
continuation of all the Korean films that came before. It's an
Web Authentication means users are at less risk of having their
extension of our history." The movie is about class
passwords and credentiais stoien. This is because login
struggles between the rich and poor.
authentication is achieved via physicai vices or biometrics from
our body.

15
 14-02-2020 Adapted
from: <https://www.newsinlevels.com/>
a) the movie Parasite addresses the subject of social issues.
b) Parasite received a lot of nominations but didn't win
anything.
c) other non-English language movies have already won
the Oscar.
d) other South Korean movies got different nominations at
the Oscars.
e) Parasite is a trilogy about the story of South Korea
directed by Bong Joo-ho.
Texto para as questões 23 - 25
Coronavirus: Venice Carnival closes as Italy imposes
lockdown
23 February 2020
Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as they try
to control what is now the worst outbreak of the coronavirus in
Europe.
Authorities in the Veneto region said the event would end
later on Sunday, two days earlier than scheduled. Italy has by
far the highest number of coronavirus cases in Europe, with
152. Three people have died. Italy has imposed strict
quarantine restrictions in two northern "hotspot" regions close
to Milan and Venice.
About 50,000 people cannot enter or leave several towns in
Veneto and Lombardy for the next two weeks without special
permission. Even outside the zone, many businesses and
schools have suspended activities. and sporting events have
been cancelled. The BBC's Mark Lowen described the situation
just outside the zone. ln neighbouring Austria, a train from
Venice was stopped at the Austrian border after it emerged that
two passengers had fever symptoms. Austria's Interior Minister
Karl Nehammer later confirmed to the BBC that the pair tested
negative for coronavirus.
“All authorities have acted quickly and with great caution
in this case," said Mr Nehammer in a statement. "The reporting
chain worked without delay." Elsewhere, authorities in South
Korea and Iran are battling to control rising numbers of
infections. South Korea has raised its coronavirus alert to the
"highest level".
The new strain of coronavirus, which originated last year in
Hubei province in China, causes a respiratory disease called
Covid-19. China has seen more than 76,000 infections and
2,442 deaths.
What is happening in Italy?
Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte announced on Saturday that
"extraordinary measures" would come into force to try to stem
the rising number of coronavirus cases.
He said the quarantine restrictions could last for weeks.
Police, and if necessary the armed forces, will have the
authority to ensure the regulations are enforced.
Angelo Borrelli, the head of Italy's Civil Protection
Department, told reporters that 11 O of the confirmed cases
were in Lombardy, with 21 in Veneto with others in
EmiliaRomagna and Lazio. Officials reported a third death on
Sunday, an elderly woman from the town of Crema suffering
from cancer. Italian officials say they are still trying to trace the
source of the outbreak.
Universities in Milan have been closed and the city's
mayor, Giuseppe Sala, said schools would also close their
doors while the outbreak continued. "As a precaution I think
that the schools have to be closed in Milan. I will propose to
16
the president of the region to enlarge the precaution to the
entire metropolitan city area. lt is just a precautton, we don't
want to create parue," he said.
Meanwhile Giorgio Armanì's fashion show, scheduled to be
held in Milan on Sunday, went ahead but without any media or
buyers present. The show was livestreamed on its website,
lnstagram and Facebook pages.
Adapted from: https ://www. b be. com/news/world-e u
rope51602007
23) (Colégio Naval 2020) When was Carnival supposed to
finish in Venice?
a) Late on Sunday.
b) On Tuesday.
c) After the quarantine.
d) On Wednesday.
e) After two weeks.
24) (Colégio Naval 2020) According to the text:
a) a train was stopped at the Austrian border because there
were two people contaminated with the coronavirus.
b) Italy is now the country with more cases on coronavirus
worldwide.
c) "extraordinary measure" announced by Mr. Conte
include enforcement of the regulations by the
population.
d) Italian authorities haven't discovered the origin of the
coronavirus in Italy yet.
e) cities and regions outside the zone are closing
universities and schools because they are in panic.
25) (Colégio Naval 2020) Which regions in Italy are suffering
the most with the corona virus outbreak?
a) Austria and South Korea.
b) South Korea and Iran.
c) Milan and Venice.
d) Veneto and Lombardy.
e) Emilia-Romagna and Lazio.
Texto para as questões 26 e 27
Six thousand couples decided not to let the coronavirus
deter them from celebrating their happy day. The multiple
brides and grooms attended a mass wedding ceremony in South
Korea's Unification Church on Friday, in spite of the health
scare from the coronavirus in neighbouring China. The
newlyweds were joined by 24.000 guests; some
renewing their marriage vows and others watching friends and
family tie the knot. The church seemed well prepared for such
a large-scale event as staff handed out hand sanitizer and
surgical masks to all attendees. They also checked the
temperature of the couples.
Adapted from: <https://breakinqnewsenglish.
com/2002/200211-masswedd ing. html>
26) (Colégio Naval 2020) All pairs of words are usually related
to a wedding, except:
a) happy day / tie the knot.
b) brides / grooms.
c) sanitizer / surgical masks.
d) couples /newlyweds.
e) marriage vows /guests.
27) (Colégio Naval 2020) What happened last Friday,
according to the text?
a) Friends and families watched couples preparing the
church to a big event.
b) Twenty-four thousand people went to China to get
married, despite the coronavirus threat.
 c) Thousands of people got married and renewed their
marriage vows in South Korea.
d) Newlyweds and their guests went to South Korea to
check their health condition.
e) Thousands of people canceled their wedding ceremony
due to the coronavirus threat.
Texto para as questões 28 e 29
Meditation: A simple, fast way to reduce stress
Meditation can wipe away the day's stress, bringing with it
inner peace. See how you can easily learn to practice
meditation whenever you need it most.
By Mayo Clinic Staff
If stress has you anxious, tense and worried, consider trying
meditation. Spending even a few minutes in meditation can
restore your calm and inner peace.
Anyone can practice meditation. It's simple and
inexpensive, and it doesn't require any special equipment.
And you can practice meditation wherever you are -
whether you're out for a walk, riding the bus, waiting at the
doctor's office or even in the middle of a difficult business
meeting.
Meditation has been practiced for thousands of
years. Meditation originally was meant to help deepen
understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of life. These
days, meditation is commonly used for relaxation and stress
reduction.
Meditation is considered a type of mind-body
complementary medicine. Meditation can produce a deep state
of relaxation and a tranquil mind.
During meditation, you focus your attention and eliminate
the stream of jumbled thoughts that may be crowding your
mind and causing stress. This process may result in enhanced
physical and emotional well-being.
Benefits of meditation
Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace and balance
that can benefit both your emotional well-being and your
overall health.
And these benefits don't end when your meditation session
ends. Meditation can help carry you more calmly through your
day and may help you manage symptoms of certain medical
conditions.
Adapted from:
<https://www.mayoclinic.org/testsprocedures/meditation/in-
depth/meditation/art-20045858>
28) (Colégio Naval 2020) According to the text, meditation is:
a) expensive.
b) mystical.
c) jumbled.
d) simple.
e) difficult.
29) (Colégio Naval 2020) Mark the correct option according to
the text.
a) People use meditation to relief their stress.
b) Meditation can be considered a medical procedure.
c) ln the past, meditation was used only for relaxation and
stress.
d) Nowadays, meditation helps deepen understanding of
the sacred life
e) It's important to keep meditating all the time to maintain
oneself calm and relaxed.
17
30) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the comic strip below.
Mark the correct sentence that explains the comic strip.
a) Mafalda has great plans for Susanita's future.
b) Susanita makes future plans for Mafalda as a to-dolist.
c) Mafalda thinks that planning one's future as a: to-dolist
is a great idea.
d) Mafalda realizes that her future plans are exact the same
as Susanita's.
e) Mafalda thinks that Susanita should not focus on trying
to achieve social expectations.
Texto para as questões 31 - 35
Like students throughout California (USA), students in the
West Contra Costa Unified school district, in Richmond, have
coped with distance learning instituted this year in response to
the coronavirus pandemic. Today, we are bringing you these
students' reflections on their current experiences with distance
learning and being out of school - what worked and what
didn't. Students' remarks have been edited in some instances
for clarity.
Nayeli Mercado, 15, sophomore, Richmond High
Before distance learning, my mental health was never great, but
it was controllable. However, once quarantine started, I have
felt way more mentally exhausted because I can't go out. Also,
l've been really emotional. I get really sad over little things or
angry at things I shouldn't get angry about. I used to complain
about school a lot but I kind of miss it now. I miss my friends,
teachers, attending class. I miss school in general.
Alizei De Leon, 15, sophomore, Middle College High
I have about the same amount of homework, or maybe a little
lesa in this second year since some teachers are trying to make
this easier. Additionally, I don't have to study as much for tests
anymore since some teachers have cancelled 'tests for the rest
of the year... I spend about three to four hours on homework
per day unless l've already finished all my work that week. I'm
getting through my classes, but I know that I will forget most
of this information throughout the summer.
Ricardo Castillo, 17, senior, Richmond High
At first, when this distance learning started, I thought the work
was going to be easier. But then, as time passed, everything
just fell apart. I'm behind in ali of my classes and it's nearly
impossible to catch up. I can't do the work on my own. I want
to learn with my classmates. Distance learning changed a lot of
things for me. I wasn't able to spend time with my friends and
my last year of high school hasn't been what I expected at all.
Yashika Joshi, 17, senior, Aspire College Prep Academy
Distance learning has been difficult. It's been hard to manage,
teaching yourself through assignments... I try to do my work
when everybody is asleep at night. If I was at school, I
would've learned much more due to a teacher paying more
attention. Teachers are assigning work on a daily balis, with 45
minutes to hour-long assignments for each class, all due at the
end of the week. The workload has increased a lot. Some
teachers have reached out (checked in) but not often.
Dana Reyes, 18, senior, Middle College High
My classes are all being taught virtually, through email, or
through Google Classroom. I have pushed my self-
determination to the max and l'm experiencing something very
strange. I am still receiving the content but now I have to work
twice as hard to understand the material. Sometimes, it is
discouraging, and I get unmotivated, but I still try my best to
finish early even though teachers and staff have been very
flexible and understanding with due dates.
Mekayla Saechao, 16, junior, Richmond High
Distance learning for me so far has been difficult but
manageable. Most of my classes consist of completing work
that is posted on Google Classroom with a Zoom meeting
every other week. I don't believe I'm learning as much as I
would have in school because I'm not getting a lesson from my
teachers every day. My teachers have helped a lot by answering
questions about assignments quickly... To tell you the truth, it
is a lot to manage since I'm not physically at school, working
with my classmates and teachers. But being at home in my
comfort tone has helped me become more organized with my
works.
Monishlia Maharaj, 18, senior, Richmond High
Although I have assignments from almost all of my classes
every day, almost back-to-back, I always feel like I can do the
work whenever I want to... lt's like fighting with my brain daily
to do the work or not to do the work. As much as I wouldn't
want to do online learning, I know it benefits everyone by
preventing them from getting sick from the virus.
Sarahi Yupit, 16, sophomore, Richmond High
It is hard to concentrate at home during distance learning
because I don't feel motivated to do the work since there is
nobody my age whereas at school, I feel motivated. lt seems
like it's easier to do the tasks and stay on task. There are
teachers who teach the actual material. They also motivate you
to do your best.
Adapted from https://edsource.orgis posted on June 3
31) (Colégio Naval 2021) Ricardo Castillo’s statement about
his experience studying out of school implies that he is
feeling.
a) Motivated
b) Confortable
c) Disappointed
d) Understanding
e) Self – determined
32) (Colégio Naval 2021) Say if the following statements are T
(true) or F (false). Then, mark the correct option.
( ) Yashika Joshi’s teachers give students tasks every
day through distance leaning.
( ) Monishilla Maharaj thinks online learning during the
pandemic is beneficial to people.
( ) Alizei De Leon has had more homework during the
pnademic than she had in the previous year.
( ) Dana Reyes’ classes are being taught virtually, only
through Google Classroom.
( ) Mekayla Saechao believes she has learned at home as
Much as she would have in school.
a) (T)(T)(F)(F)(F)
b) (T)(F)(T)(F)(T)
c) (T)(T)(F)(F)(T)
d) (F)(T)(T)(T)(F)
e) (F)(F)(T)(F)(T)
18
33) (Colégio Naval 2021) The best title for the text is
a) British students reflect on their experiences with
distance learning.
b) Distance learning in the pandemic: students prefer
studying at home
c) Distance learning sucess in West Contra Costa Unified
schools.
d) Student perspectives: the pros and cons of distance
learning in 2020.
e) How to motivate students to study harder using distance
learning
34) (Colégio Naval 2021) One of the students pointed out an
advantage of studying from home during the pandemic.
Who is this student and what is the advantage mentioned?
a) Nayeli Mercado: her mental health has been more
controllable
b) Dana Reyes: she has been more motivated studying
virtually
c) Sarahi Yupit: she can concentrable more because she is
alone
d) Yashika Joshi: she has learned Much more with the
assignments
e) Mekayla Saechao: she becarme more organized with her
works
35) (Colégio Naval 2021) All students below are in the last
year of their courses, EXCEPT for
a) Ricardo Castillo
b) Dana Reyes
c) Alizei De Leon
d) Monishlla Maharaj
e) Yashika Joshi
Texto para a questão 36
10 Shorts Not to Miss at 2020's Annecy
"Carne" (Camila Kater, Abano Produciónes, Doctela, Brazil,
Spain)
Camila Kater's debut short is a fresh, unprejudiced reflection
on femininity through successive stages of life. A resourceful
documentary, "Carne" mixes diverse techniques such as paint,
watercolor, stop motion, 35mm film and virtual imagery
decomposition to obtain a harmonious, vindicating ensemble
narrated by five women from childhood to old age, from
around the world. Produced by Spain's Abano and Brazil's
Doctela, it premiered last year at Locarno, earning a special
mention. Multiple further awards followed.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/variety.com/2020/film/festivals
/10-shorts-not-to-miss-2020-annecy-1234641312/amp/
36) (Colégio Naval 2021) According to the text, it is correct to
say that “Carne”
a) Has won justo ne prize
b) Is considered a must-see documentary
c) Was written by five women
d) Is short, slow and colorful
e) Is a short about human stages of life
Texto para as questões 37 – 39
Causes and Effects of Climate Change
Glaciers are melting, sea leveis are rising, cloud forests are
dying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It has become
clear that humans have caused most of the past century's
warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our
medem lives. Called greenhouse gases, their leveis are higher
now than at any time in the last 800,000 years.
We often call the result global warming, but it is causing a set
of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather
patterns, that varies from place to place. While many people
think of global warming and climate change as synonyms,
scientists use "climate change" when describing the complex
shifts now affecting our planet's weather and climate systems –
in part because some arcas actually get cooler in the short term.
Climate change encampasses not only rising average
temperatures but also extreme weather events, shifting wildlife
popuiations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other
impacts. Ali of those changes are emerging as humans continue
to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere,
changing the rhythms of climate that ali living things have
come to rely on.
What will we do – what can we do – to slow this human-
caused warming? How will we cope with the changes we
_______ into motion? While we struggle to figure it ali out, the
fate of the Earth as we know it – coasts, forests, farms, and
snow-capped mountains – hangs in the balance.
By Christina Nunez
Adapted from
https://www.nationaigeographic.com/environmentiartiolefgrob
al-warming-overview
37) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the statements. Mark (T) for
true and (F) false.
( ) Glaciers, sea levels, forests and wild life are suffering
from global warming.
( ) Global warming and climate change are synonyms
( ) Greenhouse gases interferes in weather events
( )Human still need to find out how to solve global
warming problems
Mark the correct option.
a) (T)(T)(F)(T)
b) (F)(T)(T)(F)
c) (T)(F)(T)(T)
d) (F)(T)(F)(F)
e) (T)(F)(F)(T)
38) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the following sentence.
“How will we cope with the changes we ________ into
motion?”
Which option completes the sentence correctly?
a) Have already set
b) Have already sat
c) Have sit
d) Even have sat
e) Have set yet
39) (Colégio Naval 2021) What’s the meaning of the
expression hangs in the balance in “– coasts, forests, farms,
and snow-capped mountains – hangs in the balance.”? It
a) Stays the same
b) Will last Forever
c) Can’t change any time
d) Is uncertain
e) Is difficult to believe
Texto para as questões 40 e 41
Generation Z News - Latest Characteristics, Research, and
Facts
Generation Z (aka Gen Z, iGen, or centennials), refers to the
generation that was bom between 1996 – 2010, following
millennials. This generation has been raised on the internet and
social media, with some the oldest finishing college by 2020
and entering the workforce. Generation Z is the youngest, most
19
ethnically-diverse, and largest generation in American history,
comprising 27% of the US population. Pew Research recently
defined Gen Z as anyone borra after 1997. Gen Z grew up with
technology, the internet, and social media, which sometimes
causes them to be stereotyped as tech-addicted, anti-social, or
"social justice warriors."
The average Gen Z got their first smart phone just before their
twelfth birthday. They communicate primarily through social
media and texts, and spend as much time on their phones as
older generations do watching television.
The majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to traditional
cable, as well as getting snackable content they can get on their
phones and computers.
Gen Z is the most ethnically diverse and largest generation in
American history, and eclipses all other generations before it in
embracing diversity and inclusion.
Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/generation-z
40) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the sentence and mark the
correct option.
The majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to
traditional cable, as well as getting snackable content they
can get on their phones and computers.”
According to the contexto, you can change the word
“snackable” without modifying its meaning for
a) Secret
b) Slow
c) Difficult
d) Useless
e) Straightforward
41) (Colégio Naval 2021) In relation to generation Z, it is
correct to say that they
a) Prefer traditional cable services
b) Come after millenials
c) All have finished college by 2020
d) Are reserved and tech-addicted
e) Were born Only in 2020
Texto para a questão 42
There are no excuses for racism.
Racism takes many forms and can happen in many places. It
includes prejudice, discrimination or hatred directed at
someone because of their colour, ethnicity or national origin.
People often associate racism with acts of abuse ar harassment.
However, it doesn't need to involve violent or intimidating
behaviour. Take racial name-calling and jokes. Or consider
situations when people may be excluded from groups or
activities because of where they come from.
Racism can be revealed through people's actions as well as
their attitudes. It can also be reflected in systems and
institutions. But sometimes it may not be revealed at all. Not
ali racism is obvious. For example, someone may look through
a list of job applicants and decide not to interview people with
certain surnames.
Racism is more than just words, beliefs and actions. It includes
all the barriers that prevent people from enjoying dignity and
equality because of their mace.
<https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race-
discrimination/what-racism>
42) (Colégio Naval 2021) According to the text, racism
a) Is all about certain surnames
b) Is not a violent way to address pepople
c) Is clear and easy to identify
d) Is exclusively revealed through people’s words
Texto para as questões 43 – 45
Everything to Know About the Beijing Winter Olympics
Opening Ceremony
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony took
place on Feb. 4 in a world that has changed dramatically since
the last time the chinese capital held the Olympic Game
The 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics marked China's
"coming out" as a global superpower. One third of the world
tuned in to the $100 million event. Some 15,000 performers
participated in a production that showcased the best of Chinese
history and culture. An estimated 91,000 people, including
U.S. President George W. Bush and other world leaders,
attended the event, which Steven Spielberg had called the
"grandest spectacle of the new millennium."
Here's what you need to know about the 2022 Winter Olympics
Opening Ceremony.
When is the 2022 Beijing Olympics Opening Ceremony?
The opening ceremony for the 2022 Winter Games is on
Feb. 4. The Beijing Olympics' formal opening began at 7:30
p.m. China Standard Time - or 6:30 a.m. ET and 3:30 a.m. PT.
What happened at the Beijing Olympics Opening
Ceremony?
Beijing's organizing committee assured a "simple, safe and
splendid" staging of the Winter Games during the COVID-19
pandemic, and the opening ceremony will reflect that theme.
Internationally acclaimed filmmaker Zhang Yimou, who
directed the spectacular launch of the 2008 Summer Olympics,
returned for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics opening
ceremony. He promised a "different and unique" opening this
time around in an interview with state-run news outlet Xinhua:
"China's status in the world, the image of the Chinese and the
rise of our national status - everything is totally different now."
With a runtime of 1 hour and 40 minutes and some 3,000
performers joining, the ceremony was scaled down from 2008's
extravaganza due to cold weather and the pandemic. It was still
held at the National Stadium, dubbed the "Bird's Nest, and
Zhang promised an "innovative" cauldron-lighting that will
echo China's thrust towards environmental protection.
Who is attending the Winter Olympics this year?
Some 2,900 athletes from over 90 countries are attending
the Winter Games in China, close to figures of participating
athletes in Sochi, Russia in 2014 and Pyeongchang, South
Korea in 2018.
How will China minimize COVID-19 infections during the
Winter Olympics?
The Zero COVID policy is the cornerstone of the Beijing
Olympics anti-epidemic playbook published last December.
China will manage athletes and other inbound participants
under a "closed-loop" system. Athletes, coaches and the media
will only be allowed to visit designated Olympics venues using
special transportation that is separate from Beijing's 21.5
million people. The three zones of Beijing, Yanqing, and
Zhangjiakou will have their own closed loop systems - barring
those inside from having any contact with the wider Chinese
population. To transfer from one closed loop system to another,
they must take designated trains, or travel on assigned buses
which will ply specific routes.
20
Adapted from: <http://time.com/6141429/belling-winter-
olympics-opening- ceremony-2022/>
43) (Colégio Naval 2022) According to the text:
a) the 2022 opening ceremony was smaller than 2008's.
b) in 2008, China hosted the Winter Olympic Games in
Beijing.
c) the ceremony was bigger than 2008's with a great
audience.
d) athletes and coaches are free to go anywhere during the
event.
e) there isn't any measure to minimize COVID-19
infections.
44) (Colégio Naval 2022) Read the following sentence taken
from the text.
“The 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics marked China's
“coming out” as a global superpower.”
What can we infer?
a) Summer Olympics in 2008 was a total disaster.
b) China became the most powerful country.
c) The 2008 Summer Olympics was a success.
d) The ceremony in 2008 was simple and safe.
e) The event was scaled down from the last one.
45) (Colégio Naval 2022) Say if the following statements are T
(true) or F (false). Then, mark the correct option.
( ) 15,000 athletes attended The 2008 Beijing Summer
Olympics.
( ) Zhang Yimou directed two Olympics opening
ceremony in Beijing.
( ) George W. Bush attended the 2022 Beijing Olympics
Opening Ceremony.
( ) The 2022 Opening Ceremony took place at the same
stadium as in 2008.
a) (T) (F) (T) (F)
b) (F) (T) (F) (T)
c) (F) (F) (T) (F)
d) (T) (T) (F) (T)
e) (F) (T) (T) (T)
Texto para as questões 46 e 47
The Positive and Negative Effects of Technology on Your
Life
As a society, we've come a long way with the help of
technology. But is it all rainbows and sunshine? Technology is
around us everywhere, from simple devices like our
smartphones, laptop, and TV to background tech that we don't
even notice. Once we get the hang of using tech the right way,
it can improve our lives and make our lives better. On the other
hand, tech can also make our lives harder. Whether technology
has a positive or negative effect on our lives, it all depends on
how we use it. So, let's look at some of the positive and
negative aspects of technology in our lives, shall we?
Positives of Technology in Our Lives
1. Technology Boosts Business
Many new tech advancements and innovations are made by and
for businesses. Why? Because companies are always locking to
upgrade their products and services for profit. The purpose is to
boost business and make the daily management of enterprises
more systematic, structured, and successful.
2. Technology Makes Shopping Online Possible
Advancements in tech have made it easier and cheaper for
more people to access the internet. Currently, most people
prefer to shop online without leaving the house because of its
sheer convenience.
3. Technology Has Advanced Education
One of the most downplayed areas of technology that has
dramatically improved over the past few years is education. A
few examples include the availability of online courses,
accessibility of web seminars, and unlimited online resources
for research. Before tech, you'd have to physically go to class,
attend a meeting or go to the library to do research. Now,
education is easier for everyone, no matter where you live.
4. Technology Makes Everyday Life Better
Tech has made an immensely positive impact on the daily lives
of everyday people. Some positive examples include
improvements in the transportation system and household
items.
Negatives of Technology in Our Lives
1. Technology Causes Health Problems
Apart from creating unhealthy sleeping patterns, electronic
devices can cause digital eye strain, poor posture, and increased
inactivity, leading to health problems like obesity.
2. Technology Creates Job Insecurity
Job loss and downsizing are two significant adverse effects of
technology. Because of advances in the tech field such as Al
integration, automating and accomplishing tasks have become
easy.
3. Tech Products Lack Longevity
Technology grows incredibly quickly, so the digital devices
and gadgets that we use have a short lifespan and become
outdated in a matter of months. These pieces of tech can be
pushed aside by newer.
b) Technology has not boosted businesses by improving
the products and error-free collection.
c) A few of the benefits of online shopping include
cheaper products, saved time, fuel, and energy.
d) Technology has also had a positive influence on
household devices and transportation system.
e) Once we get accustomed to using technology properly,
it has a positive influence in our lives.
Texto para a questão 48
Who is Kamala Harris?
Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States,
making her the first female vice precident and first Black
person and Asian American to hold the position. After
attending Howard University and the University of California’s
Hastings College of the Law, Kamala Harris embarked on a
rise through the California legal system, emerging as state
attorney general in 2010. Following the November 2016
elections, Harris became just the second African American
woman and the first South Asian American to win a seat in the
2020 U.S. Senate. She declared her candidacy for the 2020
U.S. presidential election on Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2019
dropped out of the race before the endo f the year. In August
2020, Joe Biden announced Harris as vice presidential running
mate and after a close race, Biden and Harris were elected in
November 2020.
Adaptes from: <https://www.biography.com/political-
figure/kamala-harris>
48) (Colégio Naval 2022) According to the text:
a) She graduated in law from Oxford College
b) She is the first woman vice president of the US.
c) She was a presidential candidate in 2016
d) She was elected vice president in 2010
e) She became the first woman in the U.S. Senate

4. Technology Spawns Misinformation and Fake News

The spread of misinformation and fake news online is nothing
new. However, with all the developments that happen so
frequently in technology, it has become harder to define what's
true and what's not.
Adapted from: <https://www.makeuseof.com/effects-of-
technology-on-life/>
46) (Colégio Naval 2022) According to the text, it is correct to
state that:
a) technology has, without a doubt, made all our lives
worse over the past two decades.
b) as technology advances, we are connected now more
than ever and it doesn't impact our physical health.
c) some devices are so important in our daily lives that we
don't need a more advanced version.
d) machines can now carry out tasks that only humans
could do so far, which improves job opportunities.
e) because of technology advancements, many people
cannot tell what information is factual and what isn't.
47) (Colégio Naval 2022) Based on the text, mark the
alternative that does NOT indicate a positive effect of
technology.
a) Online classes have made it possible for all students to
enroll without leaving their homes.

21
 Gabarito
1) A
2) E
3) E
4) E
5) D
6) C
7) E
8) D
9) D
10) A
11) C
12) A
13) B
14) C
15) C
16) B
17) C
18) E
19) B
20) D
21) C
22) A
23) B
24) D
25) D
26) C
27) C
28) D
29) A
30) E
31) C
32) A
33) D
34) E
35) C
36) B
37) C
38) A
39) D
40) E
41) B
42) D
43) A
44) C
45) B
46) E
47) B
48) B

22
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
EPCAR
Texto para as questões 1 - 3
WHAT IS OFFSHORE ENGLISH?
Offshore English is a term used by many people for
International English. It is the English spoken and written by
non-native speakers in International communication. Many in
business are starting to worry that native speakers are actually
at a disadvantage in international communication. A good
example of this situation was when a company tried to sell
flight simulators to South Korea, where a French company won
the contract because the buyers found it easier to understand
the English that the French people spoke than the English
spoken by the British company
Many native English speakers feel little necessity to learn
foreign languages, so they often don’t understand the
difficulties and problems learners have. They also don’t see the
need to modify their language for a foreign audience, so they
use idioms, synonyms, colloquialisms, phrasal verbs, etc, and
don't think of the impact this has on a foreign businessperson.
The English studied by non-native speakers tends to use a
more simple vocabulary, and considering the similarities in
courses in many parts of the world, emphasized by a small
number of course books (Headway Series) and the domination
of a few examinations, for example TOEFL, etc. This means
that non-native speakers from different countries and cultures
sometimes understand each other more easily than the native
speaker. Few native speakers outside the world of ESL
(English as a Second language) teaching have much idea of
what non-native learners assimilate, and think that as their
English is native speaker level, they speak it better than their
non-native counterparts. Because of this, companies are
offering courses in Offshore English to native speakers to train
them to speak the type of English that will make it easier for
non-native speakers to understand. So they will gain more
contracts.
Adapted from htto://www.usinaenalish.com/articles/what-
offshore-enalish.html Acessado em 14/03/2013
Glossary:
Foreign: estrangeiro
Businessperson: homem/ mulher de negócios
Counterpart: seu semelhante
To win: ganhar, vencer
Disadvantage: desvantagem
Outside: do lado de fora
Level: nível
1) (EPCAR 2013) According to the text,
a) French people don’t know English language very well.
b) South Koreans understood perfectly the company’s
language.
c) the British company did not speak an easy
understanding English.
d) flight simulators are designed in many different
languages.
2) (EPCAR 34 2013) We can say that Headway (line 20) is a
a) course book.
b) successful course.
c) dominant examination.
d) program.
23
3) (EPCAR 35 2013) After reading the text, we conclude that
a) learners think that it is more difficult to learn English
than French.
b) non-native speakers use less idioms, synonyms, etc to
talk to native ones.
c) English companies are not so famous as British ones.
d) it’s easier to understand the type of English the non-
native speakers communicate.
Texto para as questões 4 - 6
LEARN ENGLISH ONLINE: HOW THE INTERNET IS
CHANGING LANGUAGE
Online, English is now a common language for users from
around the world. In the process, the language itself is
changing. Noah Webster thought that a common language
brings people together and helps create a new identity.
Webster’s dictionary, now is in its 11th edition, adopted the
Americanized orthography familiar today “-er” in place of “-
re” in theatre, not using the “u” from colour, losing one “I” in
traveller, and listed new words for example, skunk and squash.
The Internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at
a much faster velocity. Some linguists anticipate that in 10
years English will dominate the Internet, but in very different
forms. That’s because people who speak English as a second
language are more in number than native speakers. And they
use it to communicate with other non-native speakers,
particularly on the Internet where people don't pay so much
attention to grammar and orthography and users don’t have to
preoccupy about their way of speaking.
Users of Facebook. for example are socializing in a number
of different “Englishes" including Indian English, or Hinglish,
Spanglish (Spanish English) and Konglish (Korean English).
For a long time, these variations existed in individual cultures,
but now they are expanding and becoming popular online. “On
the Internet ali that is important is that people can communicate
- nobody has a right to tell them what the language has to be,”
says Baron.
The intensification of the use of the Internet in everyday
life means that language online is not a zero result game. On
the contrary, it permits multiple languages to show up and they
are mixing into English that is becoming the world's lingua
franca.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.cokh/news/maaazine-20332763
Acessado em 25/03/2013
Glossary:
To lose: perder, retirar
Lingua franca: idioma usado globalmente para a comunicação
4) (EPCAR 2013) The text says that
a) grammar and spelling are important when talking on the
net.
b) words like skunk, squash are very old in English
language.
c) the Webster’s changed as much as the English language
did.
d) the English language is creating more native speakers.
5) (EPCAR 2013) In the Webster’s dictionary, the words
theatre, colour and traveller
a) are now written the same way.
b) changed their orthography to one more common in
Britain.
c) don’t exist anymore.
d) were adapted to American orthography.
6) (EPCAR 2013) Read the word in italics in the text. The
expression “Englishesf (line 19) is related to
a) the second language that users of Facebook speak.
b) the kinds of English speakers around the world use.
c) the different languages people speak in many cultures.
d) the English speakers study to chat on the Internet.
Texto paras as questões 7 - 12
DANCING EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY
These days, people love to watch other people dance.
Competitive dance shows, like “So you think you can dance”
and “Dancing with the stars”, are dominating the world of
reality television. So, if you get off the sofa and dance, you can
keep your body and mind healthy. Studies show that dancing
can improve your heart health, helps you lose weight and stay
flexible, reduces stress and can also help you get old in a
pleasant way.
Dancing, as an aerobic exercise, can reduce the risk of heart
problems and high blood pressure. You can learn ballroom
dancing, participate in a dance-fitness class or dance with a
video in your house. There are many ways to enjoy dancing
and get a good aerobic exercise at the same time.
Dance training helps you to lose weight. The number of
calories burned per hour depends on the type of dance and the
weight of the dancer. Observe the chart below.
Type of dance Calories / hour Weight
Rhythmical 260 80 kg
Vigorous 500 80 kg
442 80 kg
Aerobic
590 100 kg
Another good effect is that dancing works on the part of the
brain that controls memory – hippocampus. So, what are you
waiting for? Let's dance!
(Adapted from www.everydayhealth.com and
www.livestrong.com)
Glossary:
health - “saúde”
ballroom dancing - “dança de salão”
to lose weight - “perder peso”
to improve - “melhorar”
calories burned – “calorias queimadas”
7) (EPCAR 2014) Mark the INCORRECT option.
a) People can choose different types of dance to lose
weight.
b) Dancing helps your brain control your memory.
c) People who don't dance are stressed.
d) There are many good effects on your body when you
dance.
8) (EPCAR 2014) According to the chart, mark the correct
alternative.
a) Rhythmical dance burns more calories than aerobic
dance.
b) Vigorous dance isn't good to burn calories.
c) The calories burned per hour depend on the type of
dance.
d) An eighty-kilo man can lose more weight if he does
rhythmical dance.
9) (EPCAR 2014) Mark the alternative that completes the
sentence.
Some dance shows on TV are dominating the world
because
a) these days people like to see other people dance.
b) people are interested in dancers' life.
24
c) they keep people's mind healthy.
d) they substitute dance-fitness class.
10) (EPCAR 2014) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T
complete the sentence below.
To improve your heart health you can
a) watch people dance.
b) get off the sofa and dance.
c) do aerobic dance as an exercise.
d) do dance training to lose weight.
11) (EPCAR 2014) Read the sentences and mark the correct
option.
I. Dancing is only good for people's mental health.
II. Regular dancing practice can reduce the risk of heart
problems.
III. People who dance don't have high blood pressure.
The only correct sentence(s) is(are)
a) a) I and II.
b) III.
c) II.
d) I and III.
12) (EPACR 2014) Mark the correct alternative to complete
the sentence.
According to the text, dancing
a) makes people get old fast.
b) doesn’t improve heart condition.
c) doesn’t contribute to flexibility.
d) improves memory.
Texto para as questões 13 - 16
“When I studied Interior Design, I took several drawing
classes. I was terrified when the instructor used my drawings as
an example in front of the class. Most of my drawings were
marked with dirty and greasy because of my sweaty hands.
Nowadays, any art work I do is in a digital method, and I am
happy I don't have to worry about my sweaty palms marking
the paper anymore.” (Julia)
“In the future, digital art and real art will never be different.
I use both, and digital art is completely related to the real
drawing talent because they are connected and take the art
style. This digital method has no limits. Paint is limited but we
can fix our mistakes and it takes much more time. If you are
good at creating digital art, you can use your ability in
photoshop, for example, to make your art look real painting or
any other traditional art type. Also, in digital art you can easily
click a button to cancel it. It's not an option in traditional art as
the mistakes are there for all to see.” (Yuuki)
(Adapted from www.graphicssoft.about.com)
Glossary:
drawing - “desenho”
greasy - “engordurado(a)”
sweaty - “suado(a)”
fix - “consertar”
easily - “facilmente”
13) (EPCAR 2014) Julia was uncomfortable because her
a) teacher criticized her sweaty hands.
b) hands were always dirty.
c) classmates' drawings were digital ones.
d) greasy drawings were used as an example in class.
14) (EPCAR 2014) Read the sentence.
“This digital method has no limits.” (line 11)
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT
a) There aren't limits to this digital method.
b) This digital method doesn't have limits.
 c) This digital method is unlimited.
d) The limits of this digital method are real.
15) (EPCAR 2014) Yuuki considers (that)
a) art is only real paintings or traditional art type.
b) in traditional art, we never correct mistakes.
c) digital art isn’t important.
d) the digital method has no limits.
16) (EPCAR 2014) It is correct to affirm that
a) we can’t correct our mistakes in a painting.
b) you can’t use your ability in digital art.
c) photoshop is a traditional art style.
d) people can see mistakes in traditional art.
Texto para as questões 17 - 22
CYBERBULLYING ON THE RISE
Bullying among children and teenagers is not something
new but it is getting more and more common by modern
methods of communication.
Cyberbullying happens when an adolescent is put in danger
by another child or teenager by photos or text messages sent to
cell phones or posted on social networks. Sometimes
cyberbullies send mails with sexual comments or take
passwords of other teenagers and log on to websites with false
identities. Children also play Internet games and make fun of
each other in many ways.
A study by a Canadian University shows that half of the
young people interviewed said that they suffer bullying. One of
the reasons is the great use of cell phones over the past years.
Today’s children are connected with each other electronically.
They call friends every time they want or communicate with
them on Facebook.
Cyberbullying is getting extremely popular because teens
can stay anonymous. Many adolescents act this way because
they feel frustrated or angry and want to punish somebody for
something that happened to them. At other times they do it just
for fun or because have nothing else to do. Parents usually
don’t know their child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just
when the victim or the victim’s parents contact them.
This kind of bullying is not as inoffensive as many people
think. In some cases it can lead to suicide. Many countries have
organized campaigns to inform adults and children of its
dangers.
There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying. First, it is
important to show children that they have to respect others and
they are responsible for what they do. For victims it is
important not to play the bully’s game or answer their emails
and text messages. It is also important to get help from parents
and teachers.
Often schools get involved. They bring together the parents
of victims and cyberbullies and talk with them. Cyberbullying
does not always end at school. Often, parents go to the police
and accuse the bullies.
(Adapted from http://www.english-online.at/society/
cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm)
17) (EPCAR 2015) Cyberbullying is a/na
a) way to use technology for fun.
b) inoffensive kind of bullying at schools.
c) popular way to communicate with teenagers.
d) offensive use of technology to make someone angry or
unhappy.
25
18) (EPCAR 2015) Victims of cyberbullying
a) don’t respect other teenagers.
b) suffer bullying for different reasons.
c) are very popular adolescents at school.
d) are irresponsible and frustrated children.
19) (EPCAR 2015) Bullies are
a) victims of physical attacks at school.
b) teenagers and children who are afraid of cyberbullying.
c) adolescents who treat others very badly on social
networks.
d) teenagers with an aggressive attitude with their parents
and teachers.
20) (EPCAR 2015) Bullying on social networks is popular
because
a) the bullies don't show themselves.
b) the victims’ parents use cell phones.
c) some teens want to punish themselves.
d) teenagers like to make fun of themselves.
21) (EPCAR 2015) The text shows that schools
a) never get involved with bullying.
b) can help the victims and the cyberbullies.
c) often go to the police and accuse the bullies.
d) make the parents and the bullies become friends.
22) (EPCAR 2015) The sixth paragraph
a) explains why cyberbullying is so common.
b) gives some ideas to reduce cyberbullying.
c) shows the importance of answering the bully’s emails.
d) says that parents and teachers are responsible for the
bully’s games.
Texto para as questões 23 - 30
Most Common Prejudices
What are some of the most common ways people
discriminate against each other? Some of the areas where
people show their intolerance are well-known, such as race.
But others are less acknowledged1, even if more common:
Age: Ageism is more common than you think. Older people
are thought to be inflexible and stuck2 in the past, while
younger people are seen as inexperienced and naive. One-fifth
of working adults say they experience ageism in the workplace
Class: Classism usually takes the form of discrimination by
wealthier people against those who are less well off. However,
classism goes both ways— people of lower economic status
can see the wealthy as elite snobs who, while monetarily
secure, are morally bankrupt3.
Color: Different from racism, colorism is discrimination based
only on the color of a person’s skin; how relatively dark or
light they are. Colorism takes place within and between races.
It is common in multi-ethnic and non-white societies and
societies with historical racial prejudice.
Ability: Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of
prejudice is discrimination against people with visible
disabilities such as those in wheelchairs or with a learning
disability. The disabled face discrimination not only from their
peers4, but from institutions, schools, employers, and
landowners5 who are hesitant to accommodate the disabled.
Sex/Gender: Possibly the most universal and long running
prejudice is that based on a person’s gender or sex.
Historically, sexism has placed men in a more advantageous
position than women.
Weight/Size: In short, sizeism is discrimination based on a
person’s body size or weight. Sizeism works with social
standards of beauty and usually takes the form of
discrimination against the overweight — anti-fat prejudice.
Religion: Religious discrimination and persecution has been
common throughout history. But prejudice based on religious
affiliation doesn’t end with organized religion; atheists are
prone6 to discrimination and being discriminated against.
Sexual Orientation: Most commonly, prejudice based on
sexual orientation includes discrimination against those of a
non-heterosexual orientation. Discrimination against the non-
heterosexual takes many forms depending on the society. In
some societies prejudice is open and tolerated, but in most
Western societies, bias7 against the non-heterosexual is more
discreet.
Country of Origin: Nativism is a common form of
discrimination against immigrants to a country. Unlike many
other forms of discrimination, nativism is many times
encouraged and enforced by some public entities.
Which prejudice do you have? Which prejudice have you
experienced?
Adapted from https://aloftyexistence.wordpress.com
Glossary:
1 - acknowledged – reconhecidos (as)
2 - stuck – presos (as)
3 - bankrupt – falidos (as)
4 - peers - pares; colegas
5 - landowners – proprietários (as)
6 - prone – propensos (as)
7 - bias – julgamento ou opinião parcial
23) (EPCAR 2016) The author points out that
a) ableism is a kind of ability.
b) race discrimination is the worst of all prejudices.
c) sex/gender prejudice is more advantageous than other
ones.
d) there are different types of discrimination.
24) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the INCORRECT definition of the
word “ageism” (line 5).
a) Law against age prejudice.
b) Treating people unfairly because of their age.
c) Discrimination on the grounds of a person's age.
d) Prejudice against people's age.
25) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the FALSE statement below in
relation to the text.
a) Some institutions are hesitant to accommodate the
disabled.
b) For some people, overweight is not an acceptable
standard of beauty.
c) Everybody experiences some kind of prejudice.
d) Religious intolerance exists for a long time.
26) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the concept that is mentioned in the
text.
a) Natural selection.
b) The illegality of non-native people in a country.
c) Nature.
d) Abundance of valuable possessions or money.
27) (EPCAR 2016) The word “workplace” (line 8) means
a) an institution for people who need professional care.
b) a place where people work.
c) home for old people.
d) a school where people live.
26
28) (EPCAR 2016) The topic “ability” mentions people who
a) have poor sight.
b) have difficulty in learning.
c) get excited about helping the disabled.
d) face social and economical discrimination.
29) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the option which shows the same
meaning as in “a person’s body size or weight.” (line 29
and 30).
a) A person and body size or weight.
b) The body size or weight of a person.
c) Body size and person’s weight.
d) The body’s size or weight of a person.
30) (EPCAR 2016) The word “persecution” (line 33) means
a) treating somebody in a cruel and unfair way.
b) keeping common types of prejudice.
c) having a religion.
d) showing intense belief in something.
Texto para as questões 31 - 38
SOME OF THE INTERNET'S CRAZIEST
CONSPIRACY THEORIES
Michael Jackson Is Still Alive
The advent of the internet hasn't just cooked up1 new
conspiracy theories, it's also accelerated existing ones. If you
refuse to believe that it was the Iranians that killed him,
perhaps you'll be convinced that MJ is actually still alive.
Proof? His own daughter Paris Jackson took a photo of him.
Seriously. What do you mean you don't see him? He's right
there in the back seat, stacked2 under that pile of clothes
wearing his iconic hat. Believe, man. Thriller Vol.2 to drop
next year.
The Moon Doesn't Exist
t's no good looking at it, night after night. The moon doesn't
exist. It's a hologram, put there by persons unknown. Of
course, serial conspiracy theorist David Icke has a theory.
There are also countless YouTubers keeping an eye out, one of
whom has gone as far as "looking at it regularly for a year".
Jay Z Is A Time-Travelling Vampire
There are vast regions of the internet devoted to explaining
why Jay Z is part of the Illuminati. Hence3 when this photo,
which was taken in New York in 1939, appeared last year, he
was accused of being a time-traveller. And a vampire. This
video lists other old-time celebrity lookalikes4, as well as
suggesting that Hollywood stars don't age because they're the
immortal bloodsucking undead. Not because they're stuffed5
with botox, then?
The Earth Is Hollow
Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through this list. We
can make it to the end. Dig6 deep. Well, not too deep. You see,
the Earth is hollow7 and accessible via portals at the north and
south poles. Luckily though, it's quite habitable down there,
providing excellent living quarters8 for the lost Viking colonies
of Greenland and the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just
visitors from the subterranean areas.
Siri Can Predict The Apocalypse
Amazing as it may seem, given that it can't do anything else
you actually ask it to do, Siri can predict the apocalypse. When
asked "What day is 27th July 2014?", Apple's assistant replied,
"The opening of the gate of Hades", aka9 The End Of The
World. That date has now passed without issue10. Say what you
like about the maligned MS Office paperclip, but at least he
didn't scaremonger11 that the end was near.
 We All Live In The Matrix And Billionaires Want To
Break Us Out Of It
The New Yorker’s Tad Friend claims that many people in
Silicone Valley are obsessed with the idea that we're all living
in a Matrix-like simulation, and some are taking that obsession
a stage further: “Two tech billionaires have gone so far as to
secretly engage scientists to work on breaking us out of the
simulation.”Here's hoping Mark Zuckerberg is 'The One',
yeah?
Hitler Is Still Alive
"Hitler is still alive" rumours have circulated since the
1970s, fuelled by the fact that his crony Josef Mengele hid in
South America. Stories like this one, however, speculate the
125-year-old Hitler has been responsible for various world
disasters, including 9/11 and the 2010 Gulf oil spill, which
happened on his birthday. Other theories say he died in 1984 in
Brazil, aged 94. Or in Argentina, aged 73.
(Adapted from http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/20-of-
the-internets-craziestconspiracy-theories/Acesso em: 14 de fev
2017)
Glossary:
1 - cook up – to invent a story, a plan, etc.
2 - stacked – covered with things
3 - hence – the reason, the explanation for
4 - lookalikes – similar in appearance
5 - stuffed – filled with something
6 - dig – to make a hole in the ground
7 - hollow – a hole or empty space
8 - quarter – a place to live
9 - aka – abbreviation for also known as
10 - issue – problem
11 - scaremonger – a person that creates stories that cause
public fear
31) (EPCAR 2017) We can deduce from the first paragraph
that
a) the new conspiracy theories were created to reinforce
the advent of the internet.
b) conspiracy theories are reliable speculations.
c) technology spread the existence of conspiracy theories.
d) the internet convinced people to be against conspiracy
theories.
32) (EPCAR 2017) According to the second paragraph, the
moon
a) is not real.
b) was created by YouTubers.
c) is just one among countless moons.
d) is an hologram created by David Icke.
33) (EPCAR 2017) “Hollywood stars don't age” (line 23). It
means that
a) famous actors don't celebrate their birth.
b) stars' age is not countable.
c) these people don't look older.
d) some stars never die.
34) (EPCAR 2017) According to paragraph 3, conspiracy
theories DON’T consider that
a) Jay Z is a member of the Illuminati.
b) Hollywood stars are vampires.
c) The singer was alive in 1939.
d) Hollywood stars don't age because of botox.
27
35) (EPCAR 2017) Mark the alternative that can answer the
question below according to the text.
Why can Siri predict the apocalypse? Because
a) it mentions a date that has a specific meaning.
b) the tool opened the gate of Hades.
c) it is responsible for the end of the world.
d) the tool created a new conspiracy theory.
36) (EPCAR 2017) “We all live in the matrix and billionaires
want to break us out of it” (lines 42 and 43) is
a) an important governmental action to set us free.
b) the new version of the movie Matrix starring Mark
Zuckerberg.
c) another conspiracy theory.
d) the slogan of the new Matrix-like simulation.
37) (EPCAR 2017) The sentence “Hitler is still alive rumours
have circulated since the 1970s” (line 52 and 53) means
that
a) some people still consider this hypothesis.
b) it’s an old belief that is not accepted anymore.
c) it was a rumour that occurred in 1970.
d) Hitler has been alive since 1970.
38) (EPCAR 2017) The main purpose of the text is to
a) alert people to the possibility of unexpected events.
b) inform about conspiracy theories.
c) justify how dangerous conspiracy theories are.
d) make people believe in true facts.
Texto para as questões 39 - 46
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century.
Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in
the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in
agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in
sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families
forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls
forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery
around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical
threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or
physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold
as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their
freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for
most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International
has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be
allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution
and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal.
Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are
forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of
punishment.
 • Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they
cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then
losing control over the conditions of both their employment
and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or
harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using
violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into
slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved;
they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery
with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is
harmful for children and hinders5 their education and
development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child
soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married
against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child
marriages can be considered slavery.
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed
above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance
payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often
borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to
control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave
until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in
developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern
slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are
tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or
race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that
everyone can be a victim of slavery, some groups of people are
much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities
for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job
offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated
against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more
likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur
where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-
Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root
causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why
we published our Anti-Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive
measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-
today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and
work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
39) (EPCAR 2018) The concept of slavery worked in the text
is
a) a very hard work for which people are paid very little.
b) about slaves who hardly work.
c) about something that is legally owned by someone else.
d) the activity of having slaves.
28
40) (EPCAR 2018) The word “goods” (line 6) means in the
text
a) nice, pleasant
b) items for sale.
c) purchase.
d) trade.
41) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the INCORRECT statement
according to the text.
a) Slavery still exits worldwide.
b) The modern forms of slavery are encouraging helpless
people.
c) The issue of modern slavery hasn’t finished yet.
d) Slavery has continued until now.
42) (EPCAR 2018) One of the statements below is according
to the text. Mark it.
a) Modern slavery is never considered a crime.
b) Modern slavery does not concern authorities.
c) Slavery today looks exactly the same as it was in the
19th century.
d) Measures are necessary to stop modern slavery.
43) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the option that is NOT mentioned by
the author (lines 15 to 23).
a) Work against people’s will.
b) Abusive control over workers.
c) Expensive properties that are bought and sold.
d) Disrespect for human rights.
44) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the INCORRECT statement,
considering the content of the text.
a) If intimidated people don’t do the forced labour, they’re
going to suffer afterwards.
b) If people cannot pay what they borrowed, they’ll have
to work to pay off the debt.
c) Employers will threat explored people if they don’t do
what they want to.
d) If children don’t receive education, their owners will
punish them.
45) (EPCAR 2018) The author concludes that Anti-Slavery
International believes
a) we need new laws in order to combat slavery.
b) it’s important to attack the origin of slavery to
extinguish it forever.
c) slavery is growing faster and faster.
d) there’s no way to end slavery across the world.
46) (EPCAR 2018) Anti-Slavery International
a) persuades us to tolerate the new forms of slavery.
b) defends human rights.
c) can afford slaves’ working hours.
d) stops people from being killed.
Texto paras as questões 47 - 54
The search for life beyond Earth
We have always been fascinated by the thought of alien life
elsewhere in the universe. The idea has provided the basis for a
huge wealth of science fiction stories that have been limited
only by our imaginations. But can other creatures exist in the
vast reaches of space or on other planets or moons? And are
there other intelligent forms of life out there—or are we more
likely to find something much simpler?
Where are all the aliens?
Our Sun is just one star among billions in our galaxy. In the
last few years, scientists have detected thousands of planets
around other stars and it seems that most stars have planetary
systems. It’s therefore likely that there will be large numbers of
habitable planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these intelligent
civilisations, if they’re out there, may have even developed
interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there—or are
we more likely to find something much simpler?
But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent aliens
(yet?). This apparent high probability of life, combined with a
lack of evidence for its existence, is called the Fermi Paradox,
named for the physicist Enrico Fermi who first outlined1 the
argument back in 1950. This begs the question: where is
everybody?
Back in 1961, astronomer Francis Drake tried to rationalise
this question by developing an equation that takes into account2
all the factors relevant to finding alien civilisations and gives
an estimate of the number of civilisations out there in the
galaxy that should be able to communicate with us. It considers
factors such as the rate3 of new star formation, how many
planets around those new and existing stars might be able to
support life, the number of planets supporting intelligent life,
how many of those civilisations might have technology we can
detect, whether they’re likely to communicate with us here on
Earth, and so on.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Scientists and radio astronomers have started the search for
extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a systematic manner.
Several international organisations, including the SETI
Institute and the SETI League, are using radio telescopes to
detect signals that might have been produced by intelligent life.
In 1995, the SETI Institute started Project Phoenix, which
used three of the most powerful radio telescopes in the world:
the Green Bank radio telescope in West Virginia, USA; the
Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico; and the Parkes radio
telescope in NSW, Australia. During its initial phase, Project
Phoenix used the Parkes telescope to search for signals coming
from 202 Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away. By
the end of its operations, Project Phoenix had scanned a total of
800 ‘nearby’4 (up to 240 light years away) stars for signs of
life. The project detected some cosmic noises, but none of that
could be attributed to aliens.
These days, anyone can become involved in the search for
extraterrestrial intelligence through their personal computer.
While there’s currently excitement about sending human
crews to Mars, missions beyond the Red Planet are at this stage
pretty much not feasible5 the distances and travel times
involved are simply too great. Basically, all exploration for life
beyond Earth will need to be done using robotic space probes6
and landing rovers. These instruments can provide a huge
wealth of information and are capable of exploring as far away
as Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar system. But as for life
beyond the solar system, the nearest stars are several light years
away, and even communications by electromagnetic waves
(which all travel at the speed of light) are essentially going to
be a one-way message.
While we probably won’t find intelligent life too close to
home, there’s a chance we may still find much simpler life
forms. Do we have neighbours beyond Earth? Time will tell—
and the search continues.
(Adapted from https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-
time/search-life-beyond-earth – Access on 16/02/19)
Glossary:
1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about something
29
2. to take into account – consider something
3. rate – expansion
4. nearby – short distance away
5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
6. space probe – spy satellite
47) (EPCAR 2019) The text states that
a) other creatures have already visited us.
b) scientists have searched smart aliens.
c) we have neighbours beyond Earth.
d) nobody has proved the existence of extraterrestrial life.
48) (EPCAR 2019) Mark the alternative in which the
highlighted word is used with the same meaning as in the
sentence below.
“We have always been fascinated by the thought of alien
life elsewhere in the universe.” (lines 1 and 2).
a) We didn't give any thought to her appearance.
b) We thought about the time we spent in the army.
c) We thought of a pretty good excuse for being late.
d) We’d buy John's old car, but we thought better of it.
49) (EPCAR 2019) “the basis for a huge wealth of science
fiction stories” (lines 2 and 3). The underlined word is a
synonym for
a) interesting.
b) limited.
c) important.
d) enormous.
50) (EPCAR 2019) Mark the statement that is in
DISAGREEMENT with the text.
a) There’s a possibility of finding life in other places in the
universe.
b) Appropriate equipment will be necessary for the
exploration.
c) International organisations detected aliens’ signals.
d) Francis Drake developed an equation to find alien
civilisations.
51) (EPCAR 2019) According to paragraph 2,
a) there aren’t many stars in our galaxy.
b) we may not be alone.
c) scientists developed interstellar travel.
d) our sun is the most important star among billions of
planetary systems.
52) (EPCAR 2019) Mark the statement that is NOT mentioned
in the text.
a) The Fermi Paradox tries to answer the question of
where the aliens are.
b) Drake’s equation comes from Fermi’s question.
c) The SETI Institute and the SETI League try to prove
that aliens don’t exist.
d) Project Phoenix has tried to detect signs of life.
53) (EPCAR 2019) The content of the text is based on
a) mistakes and denials.
b) doubts and lies.
c) truths and faults.
d) facts and possibilities.
54) (EPCAR 2019) The author concludes that
a) the subject is still uncertain.
b) our intelligent neighbours live nearby in the universe.
c) the time for answers has already come.
d) there’s no chance of finding new forms of life.
Texto paras as questões 55 – 64
Your digital footprint
Every time you go online you leave a trail. This is just like
a real footprint. It reveals where you’ve been, how long you
stayed and what you’ve been doing there. Every time you
register for an online service, send an email, download a video
or upload a photo, the information can be accessed and your
digital footprint can be revealed. This shouldn’t necessarily be
worrying but it is advisable to be aware of your digital
footprint and to be cautious and sensible when you are online.
Six top tips for taking care of your digital footprint
Don’t forget to log off when you leave a website, especially
if you are using a shared computer. If you don’t, someone can
easily pretend to be you!
Don’t tell anyone your passwords and don’t write them
down in an obvious place. Make them more complex by using
a combination of letters, numbers and punctuation marks.
Tell an adult if you come across anything online that makes
you upset, anxious or concerned. There are ways to report
inappropriate or abusive content and in most cases web
managers respond rapidly.
Remember your favourite websites by using the history
button and the bookmark function on your computer or mobile
device. This is a way that your digital footprint can work in
your favour, but remember to clear your browser history
regularly.
If you want to post comments online, you don’t have to use
your own name. Invent a nickname to use instead. You can
also use a picture instead of a real photo.
Protect your identity online. Be careful about who you
share personal information with and always think twice before
sharing details like your email, home address, school or phone
number with someone. Think about the future
All kinds of people are interested in your digital footprint.
It's now quite common for colleges, universities and employers
to check out the online profiles of possible candidates as part of
their application process. There are cases of people having
missed out on jobs and places in college because their digital
footprint didn’t impress the recruiters. So, remember: keep
safe, don’t put too much personal information online and
always think carefully before you post something. Ask
yourself, ‘Would I be happy for absolutely everyone to see
this?’
(Taken from http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/
reading/upper-intermediate-b2-reading/your-digital-footprint
Access on 28/08/20)
55) (EPCAR 2020) A digital footprint is
a) an online service you can access any time.
b) something used to impress recruiters.
c) anything online that can be worrying.
d) a mark you leave when you access a website.
56) (EPCAR 2020) According to the text
a) a digital footprint is always bad.
b) you should not share computers.
c) when you are online you should use your reason.
d) no one wants to know about your life.
57) (EPCAR 2020) Considering paragraphs 1 and 4, mark the
INCORRECT alternative.
a) When you go online, you leave a trail.
b) If you leave a trail, it can’t be seen.
c) A website may be reported when it looks suspicious.
30
d) Leaving a footprint is not worrying if you are cautious
and sensible.
58) (EPCAR 2020) “Aware” (line 7) means
a) knowing that something exists.
b) preoccupied with one’s thoughts.
c) doing something without attention.
d) feeling strong affection.
59) (EPCAR 2020) If a user reports inappropriate content,
a) other users read what they said.
b) she/he misses out on jobs and college.
c) recruiters often respond.
d) web managers usually react immediately.
60) (EPCAR 2020) A synonym for “come across” (line 16) is
a) find.
b) check.
c) buy.
d) take.
61) (EPCAR 2020) In “six top tips”, the author advises people
a) not to pretend to be another person.
b) to create more obvious combinations as passwords.
c) to use their own digital footprint in their favour.
d) not to access inappropriate or abusive content.
62) (EPCAR 2020) If you use a shared computer, it means that
a) the computer is yours.
b) other people use the same computer.
c) nobody can use that computer.
d) you use a modern computer.
63) (EPCAR 2020) In one of the alternatives, the underlined
word has a negative meaning. Mark it.
a) All kinds of people are interested in your digital
footprint (line 32).
b) You can also use a picture instead of a real photo (lines
26 and 27).
c) There are ways to report inappropriate or abusive
content (lines 17 and 18).
d) Their digital footprint didn’t impress the recruiters
(lines 36 and 37).
64) (EPCAR 2020) The main goal of the text is to
a) teach how to access your favourite websites.
b) stop people from using the Internet.
c) show how to protect your information online.
d) help people to find jobs and go to college.
Texto paras as questões 65 - 70
Many parents are concerned with their child’s seemingly
obsessive video game play. Fortnite, the most recent gaming
phenomenon, has taken the world by storm and has parents
asking if the shooter game is okay for kids. The short answer is
yes, Fortnite is generally fine. Furthermore, parents can breathe
easier knowing that research suggests gaming (on its own) does
not cause disorders like addiction.
However, there’s more to the story. A comprehensive
answer to the question of whether video games are prejudicial
must take into account other factors, and parents need to
understand why kids play, as well as when to worry and when
to relax.
The word “addiction” gets tossed around quite a bit these
days, but if it isn’t causing serious harm and disorder to daily
function, it isn’t an addiction. Parents may worry that their kids
are addicted, but if the children can pull themselves away from
a game to join the family for a conversation over dinner and
shows interest in other activities, like sports or socializing with
friends, then they are not addicted.
 Generally, parents panic when their kid’s video game
playing comes at the expense of doing other things, like
studying or helping around the house. But let’s be honest, kids
have been avoiding these activities for ages. Equally true is the
fact that parents have been complaining about their unhelpful
children well before the first video game was plugged into its
socket.
In fact, moderate video game play has been shown to be
beneficial. A study conducted at Oxford by Dr. Andrew
Przybylski revealed that playing about one hour per day
improved psychological well-being, while when taken to an
extreme, playing over three hours per day, was correlated with
less well-being.
The real question should be what is it about the special
attraction of gaming that makes it the preferred pastime of so
many millions of kids? What makes it so difficult for even non-
addicted kids to step away from video games sometimes? The
answer has to do with the way games address basic
psychological needs.
Fortnite, like any well-designed video game, satisfies what
we are all looking for. According to Drs. Edward Deci and
Richard Ryan, people need three things to flourish. We look for
competence — the need for mastery, progression, achievement,
and growth. We seek autonomy — the need for volition and
freedom of control over our choice. And finally, we look for
relatedness — the need to feel like we matter to others, and that
others matter to us. Unfortunately, when considering the state
of modern childhood, many kids aren’t getting enough of these
three essential elements.
School, where kids spend most of their waking hours, is in
many ways the antithesis of a place where kids feel
competence, autonomy, and relatedness. There, kids are told
what to do, where to be, what to think, what to wear, and what
to eat. While some argue that discipline and control provide
structure, it’s clear why teachers and students might struggle
with motivation in the classroom.
Gamers feel competence when they practice strengths to
reach their goals. In a game, players have the autonomy to call
the shots, do what they want, and experiment with creative
strategies to solve problems. Games are also social outlets
where players can feel relatedness. In Fortnite, for example,
players often meet in the virtual environment to chat and
socialize, because doing so in the real world is often
inconvenient or off limits.
Of course, none of this is to say video games are a good
substitution — quite the opposite. No game can give a child the
feeling of competence that comes from accomplishing a
difficult task or learning a new skill on their own accord.
Fortnite can’t compete with the exhilaration that comes from
the autonomy of exploring reality, where a child is free to ask
questions and unlock mysteries in the real world. No social
media site can give a kid the sense of relatedness, safety, and
warmth that comes from an adult who loves that child
unconditionally just the way they are, no matter what, and
takes the time to tell them so.
Some kids suffer from gaming disorders, but such
dependencies are often combined with preexisting conditions,
including problems with impulse control. For most children,
however, parents understanding the deeper truth behind what
kids are getting out of games empowers them to take steps to
give their children more of what they need. Video games are
this generation’s outlet, and some kids use them as a tool to
31
escape the same way some of us use our own flavor of
dissociative devices to tune out reality for a while.
(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com. Access on
March 25th, 2021)
Glossary:
1. to toss around – to discuss possibilities or new ideas
2. to step away – to not become involved with something
3. to flourish – to grow or develop successfully
4. volition – the power to make your own decision
5. exhilaration – excitement and happiness
6. to call the shots – to be in position to decide
7. outlet – a way in which emotions, energy or abilities can be
expressed or made use of
8. to tune out – to stop paying attention to something or
someone
65) (EPCAR 2021) According to the text, an addiction
a) makes people ignore important activities, which causes
a lack of balance in their routine.
b) happens when game time is restricted to one hour per
day.
c) is any activity that comes at the expense of studying.
d) is caused by video games.
66) (EPCAR 2021) The phrase has taken the world by storm (l.
3) is closest in meaning to
a) has been criticized.
b) has become popular.
c) has a negative effect.
d) has been underestimated.
67) (EPCAR 2021) According to Dr. Andrew Przybylski,
a) if you play video game more than three hours per day,
you’ll improve your skills.
b) video games are prejudicial only if you play more than
you want to.
c) there is no damage on playing video game moderately.
d) playing video game has no effect on psychological well-
being.
68) (EPCAR 2021) The author of the text
a) thinks that children have always liked to help around the
house.
b) believes that schools offer motivation enough for kids to
grow.
c) says that gaming disorders are caused by problems with
social media sites.
d) wonders why kids prefer playing video games to other
activities.
69) (EPCAR 2021) The phrase off limits (l. 65) is closest in
meaning to
a) illegal.
b) not allowed.
c) uncertain.
d) possible.
70) (EPCAR 2021) The underlined word in the passage Many
parents are concerned with their child’s seemingly
obsessive video game play (l. 1) is closest in meaning to
a) unfortunately.
b) apparently.
c) terribly.
d) likely.
Texto para as questões 71 – 80
TEXT I
How climate change has altered Christmas
By Isabelle Gerretsen, 2021
While Hollywood's representation of a white Christmas
might be the northern hemisphere ideal, for many around the
world the holiday is celebrated in very different weather. But,
climate change is threatening both winter wonderlands and
warmer Christmas traditions.
In the Netherlands, where I grew up, a popular tradition
around Christmas is to put on your skates and take to the frozen
rivers. Young and old head onto the ice.
Active skaters used to enter the Elfstedentocht, an iconic
ice-skating race covering 200km that passes through 11 cities
in the northern province Friesland. It's been 24 years since the
last race happened. Climate change is endangering this beloved
winter tradition.
And it is not just cold-weather holiday traditions that are
slowly disappearing. Around the world extreme weather caused
by climate change and rising temperatures are altering beloved
Christmas traditions. BBC Future speaks to three young people
who share their Christmas stories.
Mitzi Jonelle Tan, 22, the Philippines
The Philippines has the earliest and longest Christmas
season in the world. "We celebrate from 1 September until 6
January," says the 22-year-old climate activist from Manila, the
capital of the Philippines. It is a colourful and creative time.
People make their own Christmas decorations, including a star-
shaped lantern, called a parol that they hang in windows and
streets for the entire festive season.
"On Christmas morning we always take photos in front of
churches near where my mum grew up," she says. "My mum
and grandpa also used to take pictures there." But in 50 years'
time, this special place for the Jonelle Tan family could no
longer exist due to rising sea levels.
The Philippines is the world's most vulnerable country to
disasters caused by climate change. It is hit on average by more
than 20 typhoons each year, which cause severe flooding and
large-scale destruction. Flooding already means that families
can't put up their Christmas lights.
In November last year, super typhoon Goni, the year's most
powerful storm, hit the Philippines at 225km/h. "A few days
before Christmas, we were still helping clean up the mud that
had flooded the houses”, says Tan. People brought food and
gifts to the evacuation centres. "Christmas is a celebration of
what we've suffered that year, together as a community".
Salvador Gómez-Colón, 19, Puerto Rico
Puerto Ricans love Christmas, says 19-year-old Salvador
Gómez-Colón. “It is a spectacle. It's the biggest holiday in
Puerto Rico”. During the festive period, families head into the
mountains around the capital San Juan to gather at food trucks,
called chinchorros. There they eat suckling pig and cod fritters.
"It's very communal, you meet your neighbours and talk to
strangers", Gómez-Colón says.
One of his favourite Christmas traditions is the parranda:
carolling in the streets and outside people's houses. "We sing
folklore songs with cymbals and drums". This tradition
continued even during Puerto Rico's darkest days, after the
country was hit by category 5 Hurricane Maria in 2017. It
dropped more rain on Puerto Rico than any storm to hit the
country since 1956. A storm of such power is five times more
32
probable to hit now than in the 1950s due to climate change, a
2019 study found.
"I've never felt as vulnerable in my entire life. I was
[protecting myself] in a basement room with 10 others and lost
communication with my dad and friends," he says. During the
Christmas period, much of Puerto Rico was still in complete
darkness. Despite the terrible situation, Puerto Ricans managed
to celebrate Christmas that year.
Daniel Holanda, 19, Brazil
Christmas starts on 24 November when Brazilians decorate
the tree. Several years ago, Holanda’s family house flooded
while they were celebrating this tradition.
He celebrates Christmas in the city of Anápolis in Brazil's
central state, Goiás. "Every year we get together on 24
December at my grandma's house. I have seven uncles and they
each bring a dish for dinner," he says.
“Christmas dinner is often candlelit as the flooding causes
frequent power cuts at this time of year. We used to decorate
the house with lights and play a lot of different games outside.
Now we can't do it anymore”, he says.
Goiás is home to the Cerrado, a vast wooded savannah that
contains thousands of rare species. Scientists have warned that
this biodiversity place may collapse in less than 30 years if
temperatures continue to rise and large agricultural businesses
rapidly change forests into soy plantations. Besides flooding,
the region has suffered from extreme drought in recent years.
Wildfires are also a major problem there.
Despite the challenges, people find a way to gather and
return at Christmas time, he says. "On Christmas Eve, we give
food to people in need, especially old people."
Adapted from
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211206-how-climate-
change-has-altered-christmas.
Accessed on March 05th, 2022
Glossary:
1. To threaten: to announce or warn of something bad,
disastrous or dangerous
2. To rise: to move upwards, to increase
3. To flood: to become covered with water
4. To gather: to come together in a group
5. Mud: wet earth that is soft and sticky
6. Basement: a room in a house below the level of the
ground
7. Despite: not prevented/influenced by; although
8. Drought: a long period when there is little or no rain
9. Dutch: people from the Netherlands
71) (EPCAR 2022) It is correct to state that
a) people around the world celebrate Christmas with
similar traditions despite the weather differences.
b) only countries with a specific weather condition are
having Christmas traditions impacted, differently from
the others.
c) despite the Christmas traditions and the weather
characteristics, countries are being impacted by climate
change.
d) there is no impact on Christmas traditions in warmer
countries.
72) (EPCAR 2022) Choose the statement that is in
DISAGREEMENT with the text.
a) Brazil and Philippines have a similar impact on their
Christmas decoration due to the natural disaster.
 b) There have been three different types of climate
problems in Brazil recently.
c) Climate change caused so many problems in the three
mentioned countries, that celebrations were impacted.
d) The natural disasters happened in the same year in the
three mentioned countries.
73) (EPCAR 2022) Choose the option that explains what
happened to Salvador Gómez-Colón.
During the storm, he could not talk to his dad and friends,
a) then he decided to protect himself in a basement room
with 10 others.
b) after that he reached a basement room with 10 others to
protect himself.
c) however, he reached a basement room with 10 others to
protect himself.
d) because he was protecting himself in a basement room
with 10 others.
74) (EPCAR 2022) Write (T) for the true sentences and (F) to
the false ones, according to the text.
I - The 3rd paragraph (l. 09 to 13) describes a cold season
activity. ( )
II - The 5th paragraph (l. 20 to 26) tells how the celebrations
were altered due to climate change. ( )
III - In the 11th paragraph (l. 61 to 65), there is a conclusion
about the importance of Christmas to Puerto Ricans. ( )
IV - In the 14th paragraph (l. 74 to 77), there is a
comparison between a habit in the past and present. ( )
Choose the correct sequence.
a) F, F, F, T
b) T, T, T, F
c) F, T, T, F
d) T, F, F, T
75) (EPCAR 2022) The main goal of the text is to
a) teach people how to avoid climate change on Christmas
season.
b) inform people of the problems caused by climate change
in the world.
c) notify the government of their responsibilities in
relation to the climate change.
d) relate three different ways to celebrate Christmas in
spite of the weather.
76) (EPCAR 2022) Choose the sentence that is INCOHERENT
with the idea supported by the author.
a) If the climate keeps changing, holiday traditions will
disappear.
b) If the temperature levels were not rising, people could
keep their holiday traditions.
c) If the temperature levels rise, people may keep
celebrating their holiday with the same traditions.
d) If the climate changes, people might have their
Christmas traditions altered.
77) (EPCAR 2022) Choose the option that explains the idea of
the penultimate paragraph (l. 78 to 84).
a) There is a possibility that the biodiversity of Goiás
disappear in less than 30 years.
b) It is a fact that, in less than 30 years, Goiás biodiversity
will no longer exist.
c) In less than 30 years, there will be a collapse in Goiás
biodiversity for sure.
d) Scientists have alerted that, in 2050, Goiás biodiversity
is collapsing.
33
78) (EPCAR 2022) Read the statements related to the text.
I - Elfstedentocht didn’t happen last year.
II - People from Netherlands have been participating in a
race covering 200km for 24 years.
III - Dutches at all ages usually ice skate during Christmas
season.
IV - The northern province Friesland is the only place that
preserves the beloved winter tradition.
The correct sentences are
a) I and II.
b) I and III.
c) II and III.
d) I, III and IV.
79) (EPCAR 2022) About the Christmas season, it is correct to
say that
a) Puerto Ricans gather in the mountains, where they sing
traditional songs to new people and acquaintances from
their neighborhood.
b) Brazilian families usually concentrate two months
before Christmas in order to decorate their houses and
tree.
c) Philippines celebrate the Christmas season for more
than three months.
d) it is traditional to go to chinchorros in order to give food
to people in need in Puerto Rico.
80) (EPCAR 2022) Choose the INCORRECT statement about
Puerto Rico.
a) It is more expected to happen strong rains in the present
similar to the one that occurred in 1956.
b) In 1956, Puerto Rico was hit by one of the strongest
storms that happened in the country.
c) In 2019, there was a study related to the possible
consequences of the climate change.
d) In 2017, a study showed that a storm like the one that
happened in 1956 will happen again.
Texto para as questões 81 – 84
81) (EPCAR 2022) Mark the correct option.
a) The forest fires were solved due to the droughts.
b) The forest fires were a consequence of the flooding.
 c) The droughts that happened in the past caused less
damage than the ones that happen nowadays.
d) Mudslides happened as a result of the worst fires that
caused the flooding.
82) (EPCAR 2022) According to the first sentence of the text,
it is possible to state that the situation that is being
presented
a) is happening at or around the time of speaking.
b) is temporary, so it may never happen again.
c) is repeated as it is permanent.
d) has recently stopped.
83) (EPCAR 2022) Choose the correct option about the guy in
the cartoon.
a) He was not hit by the damage caused by the climate
change.
b) He did not receive any information about the global
warming impact.
c) He ignores the existence of problems caused by the
climate change.
d) He is worried about the impact caused by the climate
change.
84) (EPCAR 2022) Considering texts I and II, it is correct to
say that in both cases
a) people notice the impact of climate change in their lives.
b) three climate problems in common are mentioned.
c) some solutions to the climate problems are presented.
d) the positive side of global warming effects are justified.

34
 Gabarito 62) B
1) C 63) C
2) A 64) C
3) D 65) A
4) C 66) B
5) D 67) C
6) B 68) D
7) C 69) B
8) C 70) B
9) A 71) C
10) A 72) D
11) C 73) D
12) D 74) D
13) D 75) B
14) D 76) C
15) D 77) A
16) D 78) B
17) D 79) C
18) B 80) D
19) C 81) C
20) A 82) A
21) B 83) C
22) B 84) B
23) D
24) A
25) C
26) D
27) B
28) B
29) B
30) A
31) C
32) A
33) C
34) D
35) A
36) C
37) A
38) B
39) D
40) B
41) B
42) D
43) C
44) D
45) B
46) B
47) D
48) A
49) D
50) C
51) B
52) C
53) D
54) A
55) D
56) C
57) B
58) A
59) D
60) A
61) C

35
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
EAM
1) (EAM 2018) Look at the picture below.
What are they doing in the picture?
a) The children play basketball every day.
b) They are playing basketball now.
c) The boys didn’t play basketball yesterday.
d) They never play basketball together.
e) The boy and the girl won’t play basketball.
Texto para as questões 2 e 3
There's nowhere like Scotland. Scotland is a country in a
country. It is part of Great Britain (England, Scotland and
Wales), and of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales
and Northern Ireland).
Scotland is in the far northwest of Europe, between the Atlantic
Ocean and the North Sea. It is often cold and grey, and it often
rains a lot. But the people of Scotland love their country, and
many visitors to Scotland love it too. They love the beautiful
hills and mountains of the north, the sea and the eight hundred
islands, and the six cities: Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen,
Dundee, Inverness and Stirling. The country is special, and
Scottish people are special too: often warm and friendly.
There are about five million people in Scotland. Most Scots
live in the south, in or near the big cities of Edinburgh and
Glasgow. Most of the north of the country is very empty; not
many people live there.
A Scottish person is also called a Scot, but you cannot talk
about a Scotch person: Scotch means whisky, a drink made in
Scotland. Scottish people are British, because Scotland is part
of Great Britain, but you must not call Scottish people English!
The Scots and the English are different.
These days everyone in Scotland speaks English. But, at one
time, people in the north and west of Scotland did not speak
English. They had a different language, a beautiful language
called Gaelic. About 60,000 people, 1% of the people in
Scotland, speak Gaelic now. But many more want Gaelic in
their lives because it is part of the story of Scotland.
Adapted from: FLINDERS, S. Factfiles Seotland. OUP, 2010.
2) (EAM 2019) Say if the following statements are T (TRUE)
or F (FALSE) about Scotland. Then, mark the correct
option, from top to bottom.
( ) It is part of Great Britain but not of the United
Kingdom.
( ) It is located between the Atlantic Ocean and the North
Sea.
( ) The weather there is usually cold, grey, and rainy.
( ) There are 80 islands in the country.
( ) Tourists can see hills, mountains and the sea there.
a) (F) (T) (F) (T) (T)
b) (T) (F) (T) (F) (F)
36
c) (F) (T) (T) (T) (T)
d) (F) (T) (T) (F) (T)
e) (T) (F) (F) (T) (F)
3) (EAM 2019) About Scotland’s people/population, it is
correct to say that
a) they are often friendly and kind.
b) most of them live in the north.
c) they are also called Scotch.
d) they do not speak English.
e) nobody speaks Gaelic anymore.
4) (EAM 2019)
Loch Ness is a lake (or ‘loch’ in Scottish Gaelic) located in
the Highlands of Scotland, near Inverness. People say there
is a monster in it, which is called Nessie.
In 1933, George Spicer described that he saw Nessie and it
was a "dragon1'. It was 4 feet high, 25 feet long and had a
long neck.
In 1934, Robert Kenneth Williams took the first photo of
the Loch Ness Monster’s neck and head. This photo was
published in the Daily Mail newspaper in April 1934.
Around 1994, the photo was declared to be a hoax.
In 1934, Edward Mountain sent an expedition to Loch Ness
from 9 am to 6 pm every day, for 5 weeks. They never
found any evidence of the Monster.
In 2003, the BBC TV network made a show that did a
detailed search of Loch Ness. They found nothing and
concluded that the Monster was a myth.
It is FALSE to say that
a) Nessie looked like a dragon, according to George
Spicer.
b) The BBC TV network did a search in Loch Ness.
c) “Loch" means “lake", in Scottish Gaelic.
d) Edward Mountain’s expedition found the Monster.
e) Robert Williams’ photo was a fraud.
Texto para as questões 5 e 6
The Baseball game
Dad took his son Chris to a baseball game. The Los Angeles
Dodgers were playing the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers
were the home team. The Giants were the visiting team. Dad
and Chris walked into Dodger Stadium. Many people were
there. Most of them wanted to see the Dodgers win. They
wanted to see the Giants lose. Dad and Chris found their seats.
They sat down. Chris told his dad he was hungry. His dad
bought two bags of peanuts for Chris. He bought two hot dogs
for Chris. He bought a big soda for Chris. A foul ball came
their way. People dived for the foul ball. They knocked Chris'
soda over. His dad bought him another soda.
Adapted from:
<https://www.eslfast.com/supereasy/se/supereasy134.htm>
5) (EAM 2020) What did Chris and Dad do?
a) They went to a supermarket to buy hot dog
b) They watched a basketball game on TV.
c) They played football with friends.
 d) They went to the Giants Stadium.
e) They went to a baseball game.
6) (EAM 18 2020) How many sodas did Dad buy?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
7) (EAM 2020) What sports can you see in the pictures
below?
a) Basketball, volleyball and swimming.
b) Handball, football and canoeing
c) Baseball, soccer and running.
d) Badminton, tennis and jogging
e) Golf, marathon and boxing.
8) (EAM 2021) Study Tips For Online Learners
By Christopher Pappas
You have just enrolled in your first online course, but are
you ready to study for it? Does it need more, less or the
same level of commitment with the traditional instructor-
led class you are used to? What are the best strategies for
studying in online learning? In this article, I'll share some
study tips for online learners that will help you succeed
while studying for your online courses.
(I) _____________
The first thing you need to realize is that online courses are
not an easier way to learn, but rather a more convenient
one. To successfully learn online, you need to dedicate a
significant amount of your time, consistently attend the
program, be concentrated while studying, and fully commit
to your learning process, just as you would do for a regular
course.
(II) _____________
Whether you decide to study in your office or in your living
room, ensure that this place is quiet, organized, distraction-
free, and available for use at any time. Your study
environment should be one of your main concerns when
you are an online learner, so make sure that it enables your
study routine.
(III) _____________
To stay on track with your online course, make sure that
you always keep in mind what you hope to accomplish by
the end of it.
(IV) _____________
Your performance will decrease if you are feeling tired or
frustrated while studying. Integrate some personal time into
your study routine and you will be able to work more
effectively on your online course goals. A mild physical
activity, such as a walk around the block, will help you
37
maintain balance, renew energy, and go back to studying
with a clear mind.
(V) _____________
Online learning doesn't necessarily mean learning in
isolation. Connecting with your virtual classmates on social
media or your online course's forum will enhance
tremendously your eLearning experience.
Follow these study tips for online learners and you will be
able to make your online learning a fun and enjoyable
eLearning experience.
(Adapted from https://elearningindustry.com)
The headings below were removed from the text. Number
them to indicate the order they must appear to complete the
text correctly. Then, mark the option that contains the right
sequence.
( ) Identify your learning objectives and goals
( ) Participate in online discussions
( ) Have a dedicated study space
( ) Understand online learning practices and expectations
( ) Take study breaks
a) (III) (IV) (I) (II) (V)
b) (III) (V) (II) (I) (IV)
c) (II) (V) (III) (IV) (I)
d) (II) (IV) (III) (1) (V)
e) (I) (III) (III) (V) (IV)
9) (EAM 2022) Mark the option that contains only fruit.
a) banana/ mango/ fish/ orange
b) orange/ rice/ beans/ pineapple
c) watermelon/ banana/ chicken/ rice
d) grape/ melon/ apple/ strawberry
e) onion/ mango/ papaya/ lettuce
Texto para a questão 10
Why some people find it easier to stick to new habits they
formed during lockdown
November 24, 2020
Periods of lockdown represent a massive disruption to
people's daily routines, but they also offer an opportunity to
establish new habits.
Our research focus is on what motivates people to change
their behaviour, particularly when it comes to physical activity
routines.
We compared the levels of physical activity of New
Zealanders before and during the country's major lockdown
between March and May. We found 38.5% of our sample were
doing more physical activity than they did prior to lockdown.
But 36% did less and 25.5% were doing about the same.
More interesting was that people whose physical activity
was either below or at the World Health Organization's (WHO)
recommended guideline of 150 minutes of moderate activity
per week increased their activity, while those who were highly
active pre-lockdown did less.
Understanding motivation
Approved lockdown activities specifically allowed physical
activity as long as people stayed in their local neighbourhood.
Our study shows 23% of participants decided to increase
their physical activity to improve their physical and mental
health. Both the New Zealand government and the WHO
emphasised the link between exercise and health and our
results back it up - being physically active during lockdown
was associated with greater self-reported psychological well-
being.
 Motivation is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon. There are
different types of motivation and each has a different influence
on how likely a person is to change their behaviour and to
maintain a new habit.
Someone who enjoys being active and sees the value of it
experiences what is called autonomous motivation. This
provides a strong impetus for people to continue being active in
the long term.
In contrast, someone who is active because they feel they
have to be (for example, their GP told them they need to
improve a health condition) or to avoid feeling guilty about not
getting enough exercise is experiencing controlled motivation.
Our results show that, during lockdown, people's levels of
physical activity were associated with autonomous motivation,
reflecting research from other countries.
Previous research has shown autonomous motivation leads
to sustained physical activity behaviour. People who recognise
and value the physical and mental health benefits of being
active are likely to have continued being active once lockdown
restrictions were lifted.
Two other popular reasons for being active during
lockdown were because people had more time (25%) or simply
because it was a good excuse to get outside (19%). This might
partly explain why some people stopped their physical activity
after lockdown.
Once lockdown finished, the extra spare time many people
reported was likely reduced again. Similarly, once restrictions
were lifted, the use of physical activity as an excuse to get
outside wasn't necessary.
(Adapted from https://theconversation.com)
10) (EAM 2022) Decide if the statements below are true (T) or
false (F) according to the text. Then choose the option that
contains the correct sequence.
( ) People from New Zealand participated in the research.
( ) More than thirty percent of the participants didn't
change their amount of physical activity during lockdown.
( ) People who were highly active before lockdown
increased their physical activity during lockdown.
( ) Half of the participants decided to do more physical
activity in order to have better physical and mental health.
( ) The research shows an association between
autonomous motivation and people's levels of physical
activity during lockdown.
a) (F) (T) (T) (T) (T)
b) (T) (F) (T) (T) (T)
c) (T) (F) (F) (F) (T)
d) (F) (F) (T) (T) (F)
e) (T) (T) (F) (F) (F)

38
 Gabarito
1) B
2) D
3) A
4) D
5) E
6) B
7) C
8) B
9) D
10) C

39
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário – e) the Brazilian Army Aviation is part of the Brazilian
Navy.
EsSA 3) (EsSA 2021) Read the comic strip and mark the best option
1) (EsSA 2019) According to the text, it is correct to say that: about the attitude of the soldier who is giving food to the
February 25, 2019 squirrel.
By LiseAlves, Senior Contribting Reporter
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – Exactly one month after
Brazil’s most deadly mining disasters, firefighters and
volunteers still search for at least 131 people still missing
under tons of mud left behind after a dam in the Feijão
mining complex, owned by Brazilian giant, vale, gave way a) The soldier is sure that the food is healthy and delicious.
on January 25th. So far 179 corpses have been retrieved and b) The soldier loves animals and cares about them.
identified. c) The soldier intends to kill the squirrel.
“The search starts at 5 am, when at teams get up. At 6:am, d) The soldier wants to know the squirrel’s opinion about
we gather for directions, a safety briefi ng and guidelines of the food.
what will be done throughout the day. The teams are then e) The soldier is suspicious of the quality of the food.
taken into the field,” firefighter Lt. Col. Anderson Passos 4) (EsSA 2021) Marque a única alternativa correta de acordo
tells journalist. com o texto abaixo.
“At the end of the day, when the teams return, they give us The Ovambo people in Namibia traditionally build a
feedback on how the search went. We then hold meeting to house for their children, using wooden poles standing
plan the next day and everything repeats itself”, conclueded closely together to form circular walls. However, as the
the official. region where they live is running short of trees, this
a) only firefighters are working to find the missing people. enterprising ethnic group is turning to a more abundant
b) firefighters and volunteers are working together to find building material: the empty beer bottles that litter the
the missing people. roadsides and are cheaply available at local stores.
c) firefighters and volunteers are working together to a) As casas são construídas próximas umas das outras no
identify the retrieved corpses. interior de uma muralha circular feita de madeira.
d) Vale’s officials are working to retrieve the corpses from b) Em função da escassez de madeira, os Ovambos estão
the mud.
construindo casas com garrafas de cerveja vazias.
e) only volunteers are working to fi nd the missing people.
c) Como são um grupo étnico empreendedor, os Ovambos
2) (EsSA 2020) According to the text, it is correct to say that:
estão se voltando para os investimentos no ramo da
Brazilian Armed Forces
construção.
The Brazilian Armed Forces is the unifi ed military
d) O povo Ovambo tem a tradição de construir casas para
organization formed by the Brazilian Army (including the
as crianças utilizando madeira e tijolos.
Brazilian Army Aviation), the Brazilian Navy (including
e) Na Namibia, encontra-se o litro da cerveja à venda a
the Brazilian Marine Corps and Brazilian Naval Aviation)
preços baixos nas lojas de beira de estrada.
and the Brazilian Air Force.
5) (EsSA 2021) Quais destas características, de acordo com o
Brazil's armed forces are the third largest in the
texto, se referem ao transporte público feito pelos ônibus do
Americas, after the United States and Colombia, and the
Rio de Janeiro:
largest in Latin America by the level of military equipment,
Text: Rio de Janeiro
with approximately 318,480 active-duty troops and offi
"Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's heart, its cultural capital and
cers. They are expanding their presence in the Amazon
emotional nerve-center (...). It's wise to remember that the
under the Northern Corridor (Calha Norte) program. In
romantic sparking lights that glimmer in the hillsides
1994, Brazilian troops joined United Nations (UN)
illuminate the city's notorious shanty towns. Crime,
peacekeeping forces in fi ve countries.
especially in the tourist-filled Copacabana district, is
The Brazilian military, especially the army, is more
common. Most visitors are easy targets, if only because
involved in civic-action programs, education, health care,
they usually lack a tan. Don't wear expensive watches or
and constructing roads, bridges, and railroads across the
jewelry and carry as little cash as possible, especially when
nation. The 1988 Constitution preserves the external and
going to the beach. (...) The subway system (Metro) is
internal roles of the Armed Forces, but it places the military
clean, fast and efficient, but only goes as far as Botafogo. It
under presidential authority.
does not extend to Copacabana. Buses are plentiful but are
(Adaptado de BrazilianArmed Forces. Revolvy, 2019.
uncomfortable and can be dangerous. (...) Business visitors
Disponívelemhttps://www.revolvy. com/page/Brazilian-
should not be surprised when meetings start late or
ArmedForces?cr=1.Acessoem: 19de ago. de 2019)
executives are informally dressed. This relaxed attitude is
a) the Brazilian Marine Corps is part of the Brazilian
counterbalanced by the "carioca's" quickness and creativity.
Army.
"Cafezinhos" (literally little coffees), usually highly
b) the Brazilian Armed Forces is part of Brazilian Air
sugared, and mineral water are staple of nearly every
Force.
business meeting in this city. In meetings between men and
c) the Brazilian Air Force is part of the Brazilian Armed
women (and between women), kisses on both cheecks are
Forces.
common. Men shake hands enthusiastically. Cariocas are
d) the Brazilian Naval Aviation is part of the Brazilian Air
easy going and slow to take offence. (...)"
Force.

40
 Source: 1998 Business Travel Guide adaptado de ingless a) The son wants to be exactly like his father without any
Intrumental de Rosângela Munhor exceptions.
a) Efficient and plentiful. b) In fact, the son wants to be different from his father in
b) Uncomfortable and plentiful. adulthood.
c) Clean and dangerous. c) The son thinks his father is very tall, smart, thin, rich,
d) Clean and comfortable. handsome and happy.
e) Fast and dangerous. d) The father thinks his son is short, stupid, fat, poor, ugly
6) (EsSA 2022) According to the text above, we can infer that: and miserable.
Basic Combat Training (BCT) in the US Army e) The father is teaching his son how to be tall, rich, smart,
Soldiers in the United States (US) Army are volunteers. thin, rich, handsome and happy.
The Army trains recruits at basic training units. The main 9) (EsSA 2022) Leia o texto abaixo e marque a opção que
basic training unit is Fort Jackson in South Carolina. melhor descreve o assunto abordado.
Basic training is nine weeks. The instructors are non- Physical training (PT) is an important part of military life
commissioned officers (NCOs). They teach basic military and Company Commander or Platoon Commander
skills, including drill and weapon training. Recruits in basic organizes PT activities every day. Soldiers run every
training live and sleep in barracks. They wear a military morning. They go to the gym twice a week or three times a
uniform. They don’t go home during basic training and they week and do weight lifting, sit-ups and push-ups. They
don’t see their family before graduation. usually go to the swimming pool once a week. Soldiers take
(Source: MELLOR-CLARK, S. ALTAMIRANO, Y. B. a physical test every year. A lot of soldiers usually do more
Campaign: English for the military. Student’s book 1. p. sports in their own time. Many soldiers play football every
14.) weekend. Some soldiers play tennis, or do karate or boxing.
a) Basic Combat Training offers a very comfortable stay a) Cartografia e orientação no terreno
for the recruits. b) Treinamento físico militar
b) Recruits don’t have weapon training during BCT. c) Tecnologia militar
c) Basic training has the duration of less than one month. d) Comunicações no Exército
d) Recruits probably miss their family during Basic e) Serviço médico em campanha
Combat Training.
e) Teenagers in the US Army are obliged to become
soldiers when they are 18 years old.
7) (EsSA 2022) Mark the only correct option according to the
text below.
Cash Flow Problem
“Honey, you have to tell me how we are spending our
money”, said the wife to her husband. “I should know about
these things.”
“Fine”, said the husband. “we are spending 25 percent on
rent, 20 percent on the kids, 30 percent on food, 15 percent
on clothes, and 40 percent on the cars.”
“But honey, that’s 130 percent.”
“I know. That’s the problem”
a) The husband is complaining to her wife about her
personal expenses.
b) The wife is very happy because the couple is saving
money.
c) The husband wants to know how his wife is spending
their money.
d) The couple is spending more money than they make.
e) The couple is spending as much money as they make.
8) (EsSA 2022) Read the cartoon and mark the best option
that interprets its message.

41
 Gabarito
1) B
2) C
3) E
4) B
5) B
6) D
7) D
8) B
9) B

42
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
EEAR
1) (EEAr 1. 2016) According to the captain speech:
a) passengers are being asked to calm down.
b) there is a failure in the pressurization system.
c) there is a problem in the fuselage of the aircraft.
d) there is no oxygen mask available for the passengers.
2) (EEAr 1. 2016) According to the cartoon, the pilot
a) intended to make a stopover on the water.
b) asked swimmers to swim towards the coast.
c) asked passengers who don’t swim to remain in the
plane.
d) landed the plane for the passengers to dive in the water.
3) (EEAr 1. 2016) Are you a couch potato?
A couch potato is a person who spends leisure time
passively or idly sitting around, especially watching TV.
They don’t get involved in any kind of strenuous exercise.
As a matter of fact, they can’t stand any kind of physical
activity.
What’s more, they rarely eat healthy, nourishing food;
they’d rather have hamburgers, fires, soft drinks and that
kind of stuff.
(taken from http:inglesnapontadalingua)
GLOSSARY
strenuous: fatigante
nourishing food: comida nutritiva
Based on the text, couch potato is a person
a) addicted to the internet.
b) that loves eating healthy food.
c) that loves doing exhaustive exercise.
d) that spends a lot of time sitting down and not moving or
exercising very much.
4) (EEAr 1. 2016) Choose the correct alternative, according
to the cartoon.
a) Garfield was disappointed because the cheeseburger
was spoiled.
b) Garfield was disappointed because the ticket wasn’t
valid.
43
c) Garfield expected to eat at McDonald’s.
d) Garfield prefers birds to sandwiches.
5) (EEAr 1. 2016)
A pilot from Northwest Airlines flight was less than pleased
with the food which was to be served on the flight. He
decided to find some better food, so he left his aeroplane,
and then left the airport to find food even though he had a
plane to fly. The passengers were left to wait 90 minutes
until the pilot came back and when the pilot came back he
was fired on the spot for “abandoning his plane”.
(Adapted from www.flightglobal.com)
According to the text, all the alternatives are true, except:
a) the pilot wasn’t satisfied with the food on board.
b) the pilot searched for a better food out of the airport.
c) when the pilot returned to the plane, he was
immediately fired.
d) the alleged reason for losing his job was dissatisfaction
with the airline food.
6) (EEAr 1. 2016) Summer Wine
Hot-weather drinking requires its own genre of wines: light,
easygoing, blithe and, above all, refreshing. These sorts of
wines are enjoyable year-round, but in the sweaty summer
months, the desirable becomes the imperative.
It’s not a question of red or white or even pink. All are
good as long as they come in the proper summer weight.
Just as winter wools are stored away, so are enervating
heavy wines that weigh you down, rather than pep you up.
These summery wines are especially appealing when the
price is equally untaxing. I’ve long asserted that the greatest
values in wines are in the $15 to $25 range.
(Adapted from www.nytimes.com)
GLOSSARY
Winter wools: cobertor de inverno
to Pep up: animar
According to the text, all the alternatives below are correct,
except:
a) refreshing wines are enervating and not exciting.
b) light, easygoing and refreshing wines are suitable for
summer.
c) heavy wines must be stored away during the summer
like the winter wools are.
d) refreshing wines are desirable during the whole year,
but a must for the summer.
7) (EEAr 1. 2016)
An aeroplane was forced to circle for more than half an
hour after an air traffic controller dozed off. The pilot of the
cargo plane said he attempted a number of times to contact
the controller for permission to land – but got no answer
he controller for permission to land – but got no answer.
He was forced to circle Nice Airport in France until the
sleepy controller was woken up by security officials more
than 30 minutes later. French air traffic control service
DGAC described the case as ‘extremely rare’ and said the
cargo plane ‘had never been in difficulty’.
An internal investigation has now been set up to
discover why the controller fell asleep on the job
(Adapted from www.flightglobal.com)
GLOSSARY
dozed off – adormeceu
The verb “discover” (line 12), in the text, is closest in
meaning to
a) realize
 b) decide
c) suppose
d) establish
8) (EEAr 1. 2016) The child and his mother
A curious child asked his mother: “Mommy, why are some
of your hairs turning grey?”
The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It
is because of you, dear. Every bad action of yours will turn
one of my hair grey!”
The child replied innocently: “Now I know why
grandmother has only grey hairs on her head.”
According to the text, the mother told the child her hair is
turning grey because
a) she hasn’t a dye.
b) of her child’s bad behavior.
c) his grandmother has only grey hair.
d) she wants to teach her child a lesson.
Texto para as questões 9 - 11
Sam’s adventure
It’s a very hot Texas night; 35ºC! Sam can’t sleep. He’s hot
and he’s hungry. He goes to the kitchen. He cooks some fried
bananas. But he forgets to turn off the gas. He leaves the
kitchen and goes to the pool. His parents are asleep; they don’t
know about his adventure.
He’s in the water-alone!
Mmm, It’s cool! Suddenly he gets cramp in his legs and he
can’t swim. He looks at the house and it’s on fire. Sam’s
parents are in there and he must help them. He is desperate.
9) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, choose the best
response
a) Sam is a bad boy.
b) Sam is responsible for the house.
c) Sam’s parents aren’t concerned about him.
d) Sam’s parents don’t know what is happening.
10) (EEAr 2. 2016) In “... Sam gets a cramp in his legs and he
can’t swim...” we can infer that
a) he can’t feel his legs.
b) he can just move his legs slowly.
c) he has a suddenly contracting of muscle.
d) his legs are painful, because of the hot water.
11) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, we can infer that
Sam
a) has to call his parents.
b) is not good at swimming.
c) doesn’t know how to cook.
d) is really concerned about his neighbors.
Texto para as questões 12 e 13
Bento boxes
People in offices in Japan often have a bento at lunchtime.
They do not eat a meal in a restaurant; they eat a bento in the
office. They regularly have a menu for the bentos in the office
and they telephone a bento store with their orders. The people
at bento store make the bentos and take them to all the offices
at about 12p.m.
12) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, the word “orders”, in
bold, means
a) something organized in a particular way.
b) the situation that exists when everything is in the correct
place.
c) A group of nuns who live according to a particular set
of rules.
44
d) A request for something to be brought for someone in
return for money.
13) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, Bento Boxes is a/
an.
a) Office
b) kitchen
c) delivery
d) restaurant
Texto para as questões 14 e 15
Olympic Sports
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens,
Greece, in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 countries
participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43
different events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming,
cycling, fencing, gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting,
and wrestling). In 2004, the Olympic Games took place once
again in Athens. This time athletes from 202 countries
competed in 300 events in 28 sports. Only five sports have
been in every Olympic Games
Fonte: adapted from Thoughts and Notions.
14) (EEAr 2. 2016) The underlined words “took place”, (line
01), in the text, is closest in meaning to
a) showed
b) happened
c) presented
d) participated
15) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text,
a) the Olympic Games took place twice in Greece.
b) tennis is one of the sport competed in all Olympic
Games.
c) shooting is the most dangerous sport in the Olympic
Games.
d) more than thirteen countries participated in the first
Olympic Games.
16) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, we can affirm that
The Antique store
Anita Jameson and Steve Weaver are antique dealers.
They have a very successful business. They travel around
the country buying antique furniture and paintings from flea
markets, antique stores, and elderly people. Steve has just
come out of a little antique store, and he seems very
excited.
a) the couple is married.
b) the couple sells old objects.
c) Anita and Steve have a flea market.
d) Anita is very happy about the last acquisition.
Texto para as questões 17 e 18
April
There was a nice little girl which name was April
One day, she asked her parents why she was called April.
They answered that it was because she was born in April. The
little girl liked her name and the month April too. Her parents
made her a party, all her friends celebrated with her, and she
received a lot of presents.
One day her mother became pregnant and April had a little
brother. Her brother was born in February and everybody came
and suggested names for the new baby.
April didn’t understand what the problem was. If the baby
was born in February, the correct name should be February.
17) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text all the alternatives
are correct, except:
a) April liked the fourth month of the year.
b) Her father and mother made her a party.
c) April was her mother’s favorite month.
d) April received a lot of gifts.
18) (EEAr 2. 2016) In “... her mother became pregnant …” we
can infer that she __________.
a) became sick
b) couldn’t have babies
c) gave her a little sister
d) was expecting a baby
19) (EEAr 2. 2016) In “... the path was named after Brazilian
singer Tim Maia ...” we can infer that:
Part of New Bicycle Path Collapses in Rio de Janeiro
Leaving Two Deaths
The Rio Fire Department says two people died on
Thursday, April 21, after a part of the recently inaugurated
bicycle path on Niemeyer avenue, in the south zone of Rio
de Janeiro.
The path was named after Brazilian singer Tim Maia
and is located between Niemeyer avenue and a cliff,
hanging over the sea.
The path is a connection between Leblon beach and São
Conrado, both in the city’s south zone. The bike path was
inaugurated earlier this year, on January 17, and cost R$
44,7 million.
Glossary
Hanging over – suspenso sobre
a) It was a tribute to Niemeyer.
b) It has the same name as Tim Maia.
c) It has a different name from the famous singer.
d) The name of the path was changed by Tim Maia.
Texto para as questões 20 e 21
Another plane returns to Guarulhos airport
For the second day consecutive, an airplane had to return to
Guarulhos airport, after being hit by birds
The incident happened on Wednesday (27) with a Boeing
737- 800 belonging to the airline Gol which took off for
Fortaleza. The bird entered one of the two motors, causing
serious troubles. Because of the problem, the plane returned to
Guarulhos almost two hours after taking off. The aircraft had to
use fuel to land with less weight.
20) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, we can infer that
__________. except:
a) the airplane had troubles.
b) it was necessary to burn fuel.
c) the airplane was heading for Fortaleza
d) the airport had problems with some birds
21) (EEAr 2. 2016) According to the text, we can infer that
a) the aircraft landed before using fuel.
b) the aircraft belonged to Latan Airline.
c) the birds caused damage to the aircraft.
d) after taking off, the aircraft landed in Fortaleza.
Texto para as questões 22 e 23
The New York’s Secret Life
In 2008, the photographer and film director Francesco
Carrozzini bought a townhouse in Greenwich Village for $6.8
million. Ostensibly, he got a home built in 1844 with low
ceilings and small dark rooms. But luxury real estate is never
about the basics.
45
The house is part of the Macdougal-Sullivan Gardens
Historic District a landmarked community of 21 row homes.
Between them is a large interior courtyard shaded by maples,
sycamores and palms. It’s a secret garden in the middle of the
city, hidden from the street. Each home comes with its own
small backyard that borders on the larger common area shared
by all.
Adapted from:http://www.nytimes.com
22) (EEAr 1. 2017) All words bellow are landmarks, except:
a) skyscraper
b) monument
c) bleary
d) bridge
23) (EEAr 1. 2017) Based on the text:
a) All the houses didn’t come with small backyard.
b) It’s easy to find this landmark around famous streets.
c) The luxury house was built with high roof and large
rooms.
d) The house which was bought is surrounded by wooded
area.
24) (EEAr 1. 2017) Air Travel
Air travel has changed the way we see the world,
making our planet feel that much smaller. Depending on
departure and arrival destinations, you can go from coast to
coast in mere hours or travel across seas in less than 10
hours. Complaints aside, flying is the quickest, safest, and
most convenient way to travel.
The U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of
Transportation Statistics reported a total of 812, 914, 960
passengers on domestic, international, or combined flights
in 2012. This was also the safest year on record, with the
aviation industry boasting a record low accident rate,
according to the International Air Transport Administration.
Adapted from:http://weather.com/travel
Choose the best response according to the text:
a) The flight is not so much comfortable and safe but it’s
quick.
b) You can fly anywhere in less than 10 hours without
complains.
c) You can cross a coast depending on departure and
arrivals destinations.
d) Nevertheless, air travel may receive complains related
to speed and safety.
Texto para as questões 25 e 26
Can you be too old to donate blood?
In general, you can never be too old to donate blood.
Though you can be too young or too thin.
The American Association of Blood Banks used to bar
people over 65 from donating blood, but it scrapped the rule in
1978 after studies found that older people who stored their own
blood prior to surgery did well, said Dr. Steven Kleinman, the
association’s senior medical adviser. Now most blood banks
are happy to accept blood from older volunteers.
Adapted from: http://well.blogs.nytimes.com
25) (EEAr 1. 2017) Choose the best alternative according to
the text:
a) Your weight cannot interfere when you want to donate
blood.
b) Nowadays, all blood banks accept donation from older
people.
c) After studies they found that older people that stored
own blood had a satisfactory surgery.
 d) It’s important to bar people less than 60 from donating
blood according The American Association of Blood
Banks.
26) (EEAr 1. 2017) The verb “bar” (line 3), in the text above,
is closest in meaning to:
a) release
b) support
c) block
d) flow
27) (EEAr 2. 2017)
It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases
that may end your flying career. And becoming healthier
doesn’t mean you have to make major changes. Here are
some tips on what you can do today to keep yourself in the
air for years to come.
- take the stairs instead of riding the elevator;
- limit red meat;
- consume more vegetables;
- wear UV-blocking sunglasses;
- walk more;
- try a yoga class;
- don’t smoke;
- drink a lot of water;
- find an activity that you love after retirement.
According to the text, in order to live a healthy life for
years, you should __________.
a) eat a lot of red meat
b) ride the elevator all the time
c) find a hobby that you enjoy, after you retire
d) consume many candies and cakes during the day
28) (EEAr 2. 2017) Finding a taste of Japan in São Paulo’s
Liberdade neighborhood
Home of the largest Japanese community outside of
Japan, São Paulo’s Liberdade neighborhood is a city within
a city, with many specialty shops for Japanese food and
home products.
Since most of the products are imported directly from
Japan, and many do not contain a Portuguese ingredient
version, shop owners and employees are always at hand for
a quick translation.
Fonte: The Rio Times/Brazil News
The words “at hand”, underlined in the text, mean _____.
a) busy
b) distant
c) worried
d) available
Texto para as questões 29 e 30
My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can
be completely honest, I hate Christmas. Maybe it’s because
Christmas was always a little depressing when I was a young
boy. Anyway, my neighbors really love Christmas and every
year they decorate the inside and outside of their house with
big, bright lights. This year, however, they really exaggerated:
their lights are so bright that I can’t sleep at night! Tomorrow I
am going to speak to my neighbors and ask that the lights be
reduced or removed.
29) (EEAr 2. 2017) The word “anyway”, underlined in the text,
was used to __________.
a) indicate a place that does not exist
b) return to a previous topic in the text
c) state the good or bad quality of something
d) mention the time at which something happened
46
30) (EEAr 2. 2017) According to the text, the narrator doesn’t
like Christmas, possibly because __________.
a) it was not a happy time of the year when he was
growing up
b) it reminds him that life is short and that time passes by
quickly
c) his religious beliefs are different from the people in his
neighborhood
d) it makes him feel bad that his house is not decorated
with Christmas lights
31) (EEAr 2. 2017) Economic crisis increases consumption
of rice and beans in Brazil
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer
exchange meat for the traditional dish of rice and beans.
High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the
low prices of these products, caused by good harvest, are
responsible for the increase in demand, which will be 15%
to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the year.
The average consumption per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of
rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans.
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional -10/05/2017
GLOSSARY
harvest = colheita
average consumption = consumo médio
According to the text, the Brazilian consumer is _______.
a) changing rice and beans for meat
b) having more rice than beans on average
c) paying a very high price for rice and beans
d) reducing the demand for the traditional dish of rice and
beans
32) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the best alternative, according to
the cartoon.
According to what the boy says, he _____________.
a) wants to take care of the baby
b) is asking permission to surf the internet
c) is curious to know the origin of the babies
d) will be successful in downloading a baby from the
internet
33) (EEAr 1. 2018) According to the text, the purpose of the
new machine is to __________________.
The Phoenix airport has introduced new technology that
can see through a person's clothes. The new machine costs
$100,000 to make and is designed to find out if a passenger
is carrying a weapon or explosives. Critics of the new X-
Ray scanner, however, say it takes away a person's privacy.
(adapted from www.inglesonline.com.br)
a) waste money
b) undress passengers
c) find dangerous goods
d) see what people are wearing
34) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the best alternative, according to
the text.
Vidigal is Rio’s most foreigner-friendly slum, with
guesthouses, coffee houses, restaurants and even a sushi-bar
aimed at the tourist market. It is relatively small and
picturesque, with spectacular views over the Atlantic, and
an hour-long walking trail that winds from its upper limits
to the top of the Dois Irmãos mountain.
When pacified in 2012, Vidigal was already popular with
artists, young Brazilians and foreigners. Scottish school
librarian Graeme Boyd, 34, lived there for two six-month
periods, in 2009 and 2011. “As long as foreigners respect
the locals, make a contribution and use the business inside
the favela, they will be welcomed,” he said. “People reacted
to me as if I had lived there all my life”
GLOSSARY:
slum = favela
guesthouses = pousadas
a) Foreigners are welcome as long as they contribute to the
business in Vidigal.
b) Graeme Boyd was popular between Brazilian artists in
2009 and 2011.
c) Tourists cannot find Japanese food and places to rest.
d) Local residents prefer to disrespect foreigners.
35) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the alternative that best explains
the words in the picture.
a) Peace will be reached before the search for love or
power is fully completed by all.
b) The love of power is capable of bringing peace into
many people’s lives.
c) We’ll have peace when the love of power is weaker than
the power of love.
d) Peace does not have the power to increase love among
men.
36) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the best alternative according to
the text
Sometimes you don’t have to read an article completely
to get the necessary information. Often you can move your
eyes quickly over the reading to find facts, names, dates,
titles. For example, if you are looking for a date, you should
move your eyes down the page looking for numbers. If you
are looking for a person’s names, you should find capital
letters. Punctuation is also a clue for finding specific
information. Quotation marks (“), commas (,), parentheses (
), and dashes (--) all separate special information.
a) You always need to read the entire article when you are
looking for information.
b) Occasionally you can get necessary information by
skimming an article.
c) It’s not possible to find a person’s name if you read all
the words.
d) Capital letters are not used to find specific information.
47
37) (EEAr 1. 2018) The word “bored”, used twice in the
cartoon, is NOT closest in meaning to __________.
a) refreshed
b) impatient
c) sleepy
d) tired
Texto para as questões 38 - 40
Alberto Santos Dumont (1873-1932) was born in Brazil and
educated in Paris. He made his first balloon ascent in 1898
and, soon after that, began constructing dirigible airships. In
1901 he won a Paris air race and international fame. (After the
race, he asked Louis Cartier for a timepiece that would keep his
hands free - the first wristwatch.)
Turning to heavier-than-air machines, Santos Dumont built
his 14-Bis in 1906, three years after the Wright brothers’ initial
flight. His flight was the first in Europe, and his plane was the
first anywhere to lift off the ground under its own power. In
1909 Santos Dumont designed the Demoiselle monoplane, the
first modern light plane.
In 1901 Santos Dumont fell ill with multiple sclerosis and
retired from flying. He returned to Brazil in 1916. Ill and
despondent over the use of aircraft in warfare, he committed
suicide in 1932.
(Adapted From “Leaders of the Century”)
38) (EEAr 1. 2018) According to the text, Santos Dumont
_____________
a) developed hot air balloons, dirigible airships and
heavier-thanair machines.
b) drew the Demoiselle cargo airplane, the most modern
plane.
c) died of multiple sclerosis before returning to Brazil.
d) was the only man interested in flying, at the time.
39) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the statement about Santos
Dumont that is NOT correct, according to the text:
a) He made a balloon before making a dirigible airship.
b) His plane lifted off the ground under its own power.
c) He got sick but he didn’t stop flying.
d) He became famous in 1901.
40) (EEAr 1. 2018) The words balloon, plane and dirigible
airships, in bold in the text, are different kinds of
______________.
a) air races
b) aircraft
c) flights
d) skies
41) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the correct alternative, according
to the text.
This recipe for chocolate cookies was sent to The New
York Times several years ago by Mari Pfeiffer, a reader in
California; it’s from the cookbook “Great Cookies,”
published in 2003 by the author and teacher Carole Walter.
The cookies are filled with deep flavor from the
combination of cocoa powder, unsweetened chocolate and
espresso powder. Decorate them with royal icing. “Other
icings would spoil the cookie’s simple yet amazing flavor,”
 said Ms. Pfeiffer, who often cuts the dough into letters to
spell out seasonal messages.
(Adapted from www.nytimes.com)
a) Mari Pfeiffer has developed the recipe for chocolate
cookies and shared with Carole Walter.
b) The New York Times published Carole Walter’s book.
c) New York Times received the recipe from a reader.
d) “Great Cookies” is the name of the recipe.
Texto para as questões 42 e 43
Renata, from Brazil: I just kiss them on the cheek. Just one
kiss, because I’m from São Paulo. I have friends from Rio and
they always kiss twice.
Guillermo, from Chile: When it’s the first time I’m meeting
someone or in formal situations, I shake hands. With my male
friends, I give them a hug or a pat on the back but If I’m
greeting a female friend, it’s different: I give her a kiss on the
cheek and sometimes I hug her. Women greet each other the
same way: kissing and sometimes hugging.
Marco, from Italy: I shake hands in formal situations.
Where I live, kissing is acceptable. It’s OK for men to kiss
each other, for men to kiss women or for women to kiss each
other. But with my male friends I usually just give a hug or a
pat on the back.
Molly, from the USA: When I greet close friends I give
them a hug. For casual friends, I just say “Hi”. For men it’s a
little different. Where I live they never hug each other, it’s just
“Hey, man”. In formal situations I always shake hands, and it’s
important to shake hands firmly. When I’m saying good-bye to
people I’m not very close to, I also shake hands, be it a man or
a woman. Kissing is not usual around here, unless it’s among
really close family members.
Adapted from www.rachacuca.com.br
42) (EEAr 1. 2018) According to the text, we can conclude that
__________.
a) in Italy, people only kiss each other to greet
b) Molly shakes hands when she says good-bye to close
friends
c) if someone is from São Paulo, kissing once when
greeting is the usual
d) where Molly lives, men hug each other and say “Hey
man” when they greet
43) (EEAr 1. 2018) According to the text, choose the best
alternative.
a) Shaking hands when greeting people in formal
situations is more common in various countries.
b) People greet each other the same way, in different states
in Brazil.
c) If a man lives in Chile he greets males and females the
same way.
d) In many countries it is normal for men to kiss each
other.
44) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the best alternative, according to
the text.
Illegal levels of arsenic and mercury polluted a river in the
days after a dam burst at an iron ore mine this month in
Brazil’s worst environmental disaster, according to tests by
a state water agency, the Institute for Water Management in
Minas Gerais. The agency found arsenic levels more than
10 times above the legal limit in one place along the river,
the Rio Doce, after the dam burst on Nov. 5, killing at least
13 people. Mercury slightly above the permitted level was
also found in one area. Samarco, the mine operator, and its
48
co-owners, BHP Billiton and Vale, have repeatedly said
that the water and mineral waste unleashed by the dam
burst were not toxic. On Wednesday, the United Nations
human rights agency said “new evidence” showed that the
mud dumped by the flood “contained high levels of toxic
heavy metals and other chemicals.”
a) Levels of arsenic, up to ten times of above the legal
limit, were found in one place beside the river.
b) UN Human Rights Agency said that the mud dumped
actually contained low levels of chemicals.
c) Illegal levels of arsenic and mercury polluted a river
before a dam burst in Brazil.
d) Besides the high levels of arsenic, mercury was also
found.
Texto para as questões 45 e 46
Why facebook will never die
I first heard about a new website for people my age in 2004
when I was a freshman at Indiana University. I was chatting
with some friends on AOL Instant Messenger in my dorm
room, at the start of a new semester.
“Have you heard of The Facebook?” a couple of them asked.
“You should sign up. It’s this new site for college kids.”
45) (EEAr 2. 2018) The main idea of the text refers to
a) how college students depend on the internet.
b) the importance of chatting during classes.
c) the description of a freshman.
d) the beginning of a recent site.
46) (EEAr 2. 2018) The sentence in bold type in the text refers
to
a) actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
b) things in general or things that happen repeatedly.
c) the relationship between the verb and the noun.
d) actions and states that were unfinished.
47) (EEAr 2. 2018) Why Learn with English Podcasts?
English language podcasts are an excellent way to learn
English quickly.
You can listen to them anytime anywhere – at your desk or
while you’re on the move. What better way to pass the time
during a long commute than by immersing yourself in an
entertaining podcast?
With a little dedication, English language podcasts will help
you quickly improve your listening skills and proficiency.
One perk (benefit) is that podcasts often have transcripts (a
written version of the audio). This means that you can listen
and read at the same time, or look at a transcript if one part
of a podcast confuses you. As you know, if you dedicate to
your studies, you will succeed in life
Adapted https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/esl-english-
podcasts/
According to the text, what are advantages of learning
English with Podcasts?
a) You can find free English podcasts on the internet.
b) Your proficiency will be better if you listen to English
podcasts.
c) English podcasts will help you while you learn this
language in a private school.
d) It’s not necessary to listen and read at the same time
because you can look at a transcript.
48) (EEAr 2. 2018) United States Coast Guard cadets
graduate from the Academy.
Two hundred newly graduated United States Coast Guard
Academy students, classified as officers, toss their cadet
covers into the air during their graduation ceremony in New
London, Conn. on May 23, 2018. Wednesday’s
commencement ceremony was the 137th at the academy.
Adapted www.nydailynews.com/news
Based on the text, choose the best alternative.
a) The majority of cadets were classified by rank at the
United States Coast Guard Academy.
b) The graduation ceremony was covered at the United
States Coast Guard Academy in New York.
c) Coast Guard cadets were evaluated at the United States
Coast Guard Academy on May 23, 2018.
d) Coast Guard cadets completed their course at the United
States Coast Guard Academy on May 23, 2018.
Texto para as questões 49 e 50
49) (EEAr 2. 2018) The word “take-down” in the text means
a) a movement in which a wrestler gets the opponent down
to the floor.
b) an arrest or unexpected visit by the police.
c) to write down some information.
d) to take note during a meeting.
50) (EEAr 2. 2018) Read the sentence and choose the best
response. The word “remarkable” in the text can be
replaced by _________.
a) exceptional
b) savoury
c) steady
d) sharp
51) (EEAr 2. 2018) The Science Behind Hawaii’s Surprising
2018 Volcanic Eruption
Kilauea volcano is spewing lava and belching hazardous
gases on Hawaii’s Big Island, forcing more than 1,700
people to evacuate their homes. Eruptions aren’t anything
new on Kilauea. In particular, the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent, where lava
is visible, has erupted almost continuously since January
1983. But the latest eruption took volcanologists by surprise
when it invaded Leilani Estates, a residential area near
Kilauea. Small earthquakes had shaken the region all that
week, but residents were taken aback by 5.0- and 6.9-
magnitude earthquakes on May 3 and 4, respectively, which
preceded lava eruptions. Now, newly opened fissures are
bubbling with lava almost daily, and Hawaii County Civil
Defense has warned sightseers to stay away for safety’s
sake.
https://www.livescience.com/62563-hawaii-volcano-
eruption-2018.html
Choose the best alternative according to the text.
a) Although eruptions were happening, people didn’t have
to leave their homes.
b) No newly opened fissures have been found around
Kilauea volcano.
c) Volcanologists were expecting the invasion in Leilani
States.
d) Earthquakes occurred before eruptions.
49
Texto para as questões 52 e 53
Tourists in Maya Bay
Maya Bay in Thailand made headlines in 1999 when
Hollywood arrived there to film ‘The Beach’ starring Leonardo
DiCaprio. Since then, tourists have flooded this beach with as
many as 4,000 visitors arriving on boats every day.The mass
tourism exhausted the once-pristine beach and ruined the
natural life. That is why people closed the beach to tourists for
four months. When it reopens by the end of September, they
will impose a limit of 2,000 visitors per day.A marine scientist
said that he and the other scientists made a mistake thinking
that the money from the movie was very important, but now
they see that the beach is a natural resource that they have to
preserve. Zelda Tinska, an actress from the film, said that she
honestly thinks that the West is a society which is obsessed
with fame and celebrity. People do not visit the beach because
they want to see the actual location but because there was a
film shot there – and Thailand is an amazing country and there
are many other beaches as beautiful as Maya Bay.
52) (EEAr 2. 2018) Read the text and choose the best
alternative.
a) The visitors enjoyed the beach exclusively for its natural
attractions.
b) The money raised was important for the preservation of
the beach.
c) There are many attractive places like Maya Bay in
Thailand.
d) The beach has received 4,000 visitors per month.
53) (EEAr 2. 2018) The word “pristine” in bold type in the text
means
a) polluted
b) crowded
c) clean
d) large
Texto para as questões 54 e 55
54) (EEAr 2. 2018) According to the cartoon,
a) Monica’s trick was a success.
b) Monica was very worried about her friends.
c) If she doesn’t change her show, the audience will leave.
d) Her rabbit fascinated the entire audience when Monica
finished the show.
55) (EEAr 2. 2018) The word trick in the cartoon, refers to
a) something that helps somebody.
b) a silly method of doing something.
c) a habit of using a particular facial expression.
d) a set of actions that make things appear or disappear.
Texto para as questões 56 e 57
Selecting the Olympic Sports
There are 28 sports permitted in the Summer Olympic Games.
The list of Olympic Sports has many of the world’s best-loved
sports on it, such as baseball, judo, soccer, tennis, and
volleyball. This list of sports hadn’t changed in 70 years, and
the process for changing these sports is long and difficult.
That is why it was surprising news when the International
Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that it was studying new
sports for the list. At a meeting in Singapore in 2005, the IOC
voted on each of the 28 sports from the 2004 Olympic Games
in Athens, Greece. Twenty-six of the 28 sports were selected
for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, which took place in
London, England. The two sports that did not receive 50
percent of the votes were baseball and softball.
Because these two sports were not selected, the IOC started the
process of voting for two new sports. The five sports to select
from were roller skating, golf, rugby, squash, and karate. After
the first vote, karate and squash were submitted to the IOC for
the final vote.
To become an Olympic sport, a sport must receive twothirds of
the votes of the IOC. When the final vote took place, squash
received 39 “yes” votes and 63 “no” votes. Karate received 38
“yes” votes and 63 “no” votes. It meant that neither squash nor
karate would feature in the 2012 Olympic Games. And sad
fans didn’t believe that their sports could be selected for the
2016 Olympic Games.
Adapted from Anderson, Neil J. - Active Skills for Reading -
second Edition
56) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the alternative that IS NOT
correct, according to the text.
a) Baseball and softball didn’t receive more than half of
the IOC votes in Singapore.
b) Baseball and softball were selected in 2005 for the
London Olympics.
c) Squash and Karate were not selected for the 2012
Olympics Games.
d) Baseball and softball were part of the Athens Olympics.
57) (EEAr 1. 2019) “Sad” (line 23), underlined in the text, is
the same as
a) thrilled.
b) gloomy.
c) cheerful.
d) delighted.
58) (EEAr 1. 2019) According to the text the flights
Across the Atlantic!
On Monday May 24, 1976, two Concorde jets crossed the
Atlantic ocean in three hours and fifty minutes. The planes
took off and landed at the same time.
a) were less than four hours.
b) were on a weekend.
c) took off at 3:50.
d) landed at 3:50.
59) (EEAr 1. 2019) The sentence “There’s hardly anything in
the refrigerator”. means that:
a) There’s very little food inside the refrigerator.
b) John has no idea how much food there is.
c) There’s a lot of food in the refrigerator.
d) There’s nothing inside the refrigerator.
50
60) (EEAr 1. 2019) According to the text, the public school
system was in need of changes due to _______________.
Back to School
For generations in the United States, a nineteenth century
invention known as the public school system was seen as
the best way to give students the knowledge and skills to
become nice citizens. Around the 1960s, experts began
questioning the system, citing the need for new types of
schools to meet the changing demands of the twentieth
century. These reformers eventually won for parents a
much broader range of educational choices – including
religious, alternative, and charter schools and home
schooling – but they also sparked a debate on teaching and
learning that still divides experts to this day.
Nunan, David - Listen in book 2, second edition
a) parents requirement
b) the invention of the nineteenth century
c) the demands of the nineteenth century
d) experts concern about the twentieth century
61) (EEAr 1. 2019)
Write (T) True or (F) False, according to the text. Then
choose the correct alternative.
( ) The quality of TV programs in different countries
determines the amount of time people devote to TV
watching.
( ) Some commentators believe people watch so much
TV simply because they enjoy it.
( ) People spend too much time watching TV
a) F – T – F
b) F – T – T
c) T – F – T
d) F – T – F
Texto para as questões 62 e 63
62) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the best alternative to explain the
comic strip:
a) Garfield is terrible at doing things.
b) Garfield did nothing bad and is angry at his owner.
c) John promised Garfield to keep a secret but couldn’t do
it.
d) Garfield did something very bad but doesn’t know what
it is.
63) (EEAr 1. 2019) The word “specific”, in the text, is NOT
closest in meaning to _______:
a) Exact
b) precise
c) detailed
d) unclear
64) (EEAr 1. 2019) The cost of a cigarette
A businesswoman’s desperate need for a cigarette on an 8-
hour flight from American Airlines resulted in her being
arrested and handcuffed, after she was found lighting up in
the toilet of a Boeing 747, not once but twice. She was
because she turned violent when the plane landed in
England, where the police subsequently arrested and
handcuffed her. Joan Norrish, aged 33, yesterday became
 the first person to be prosecuted under new laws for
smoking on board a plane, when she was fined £440 at
Uxbridge magistrates’ court.
Adapted from Innovations , by Hugh Dellar and Darryl
Hocking
According to the text, Joan Norrish:
a) had always been a violent person.
b) was arrested inside the airplane, where the police
handcuffed her.
c) was arrested because she turned the lights inside the
airplane’s toilet.
d) had to pay an amount of money due to the new laws for
smoking inside an airplane.
65) (EEAr 2. 2019) Choose the best alternative according to
the text.
put
a) Frankenstein is an excellent skateboarder.
b) Frankenstein is prohibited from skateboarding.
c) Frankenstein knows how to skateboard very well.
d) Frankenstein hasn’t suffered any accident recently.
66) (EEAr 2. 2019) According to the text, Sibling rivalry is a
competition
Sibling rivalry is a competition between brothers and
sisters. Which brother is smarter? Who gets good grades
than the other? Sibling rivalry is not unusual in families. It
is more unusual on the tennis court. The Williams sisters,
Venus and Serena, are star tennis players. They often
compete. Is it the easiest or the most difficult part of
playing against your own sister? The sisters say the game is
important – not the other player. Does their relationship
make their game more interesting? Some people think the
game is not as exciting when sisters play. I don’t agree. I
think their games are more exciting. Venus and Serena are
both better as most other players in the world – sisters or
not.
a) between family members.
b) for family and friends.
c) only between friends.
d) for some tennis players.
67) (EEAr 2. 2019) Choose the best alternative according to
the text
What happened at Pearl Harbor?
On the morning of 7 December 1941, at 7.55am local
time, 183 aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked
the United States Naval base at Pearl Harbor on the island
of Oahu, Hawaii.
The first attack wave began bombing the hangars and
parked aircraft of the island’s airfields while at the same
time launching torpedoes against the US warships moored
in the harbour.
51
This devastating attack was followed an hour and a half
later by a second wave of 170 Japanese aircraft. Within two
hours, 18 US warships had been sunk or damaged, 188
aircraft destroyed and 2,403 American servicemen and
women killed.
Adapted from https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-
happened-at-pearl-harbor.
a) Only men were killed in Pearl Harbor.
b) The USA attacked the Imperial Japanese Navy.
c) Pearl Harbor was bombed by 358 Japanese aircraft.
d) The American Naval base in Pearl Harbor suffered two
attacks in about 2 hours.
68) (EEAr 2. 2019) Choose the best alternative according to
the text.
Gregory “Greg” Heffley is an American middle school
student and also the main protagonist of the book series
Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
Greg is lazy, petty, slightly narcissistic, sociopathic,
egotistical, eccentric, egocentric, usually backstabbing, and
sometimes even selfish and dishonest, and apparently lacks
talent. He hardly has any skills aside from video games and
possibly singing. However, despite all this, Greg has had
his kind and caring moments, but not that often.
Adapted from https://diary-of-a-wimpy-
kid.fandom.com/wiki/Greg_Heffley
a) Greg is always an adorable kid.
b) Greg suffers bullying at school.
c) The text talks about Greg’s character.
d) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a true story, based on Gregory
Heffley’s life.
69) (EEAr 2. 2019) Choose the best alternative according to
the dialogue in the cartoon
a) The boy is not interested in taking a shower for the next
years.
b) The boy is in love. Due to it, he’s going to take a
shower.
c) The girl doesn't want to take a shower anymore.
d) The girl accepts the boy the way he is.
Texto para as questões 70 e 71
Paul Thompson is a student and he has a part-time job, too.
He lives in London and goes to university there. Paul works at
an Italian restaurant called Mamma Mia. He’s a waiter there.
He likes his job very much, but he doesn’t like to work on the
weekends. When he is free, he likes to go to the movies. He
recently watched “Avengers - Infinity War”, a superhero movie
that was a huge success.
70) (EEAr 1. 2020) All the words below are synonyms for the
word “huge” (line 07), in bold in the text, EXCEPT:
a) insignificant
b) tremendous
c) massive
d) great
71) (EEAr 1. 2020) According to the text, how long does Paul d) is insecure, but he is a good person who tries to act
work? correctly.
a) Part-time. 75) (EEAr 1. 2020) An e-mail to Mary
b) All day long. Hi, Mary!
c) He doesn’t work. How are you? I miss you so much!
d) Every other week. I arrived in Rome last week and I’m having a lot of fun.
72) (EEAr 1. 2020) The verb WONDER, in bold in the text, This morning my parents and I woke up at 8:00 and had a
can be replaced by ______________ without change in great breakfast at the hotel. Afterwards, I walked a little and
meaning. saw many tourists (many from Russia and China) and even
Price Tag some famous people!
Seems like everybody’s got a price Now we are going to Venice
I wonder how they sleep at night How are things in Las Vegas? Come meet us!
When the sale comes first See you soon!
And the truth comes second Paul.
Just stop for a minute and smile Where did Paul go on his vacation?
Why is everybody so serious a) Rome, Italy
Acting so damn mysterious b) Hong Kong, China
Got shades on your eyes c) Miami, The United States of America
And your heels so high d) Las Vegas, The United States of America
That you can’t even have a good time 76) (EEAr 1. 2020) The Lazy Song
Everybody look to the left Bruno Mars
Everybody look to the right Today I don’t feel like doing anything
Can you feel that yeah I just wanna lay in my bed
We’re paying with love tonight Don’t feel like picking up my phone
It’s not about the money money money So leave a message at the tone
We don’t need your money money Money ‘Cause today I swear I’m not doing anything
We just wanna make the world dance https://www.vagalume.com.br/the lazysong-
Forget about the price tag 11/brunomars.html
Ain’t about the uh cha-ching cha-ching Based on the song extract, the person in the song
Ain’t about the yeah b-bling b-bling a) doesn’t want to do anything today.
Wanna make the world dance b) wants to do lots of things today.
Forget about the price tag c) is sick and can’t do anything.
a) know d) has many things to do.
b) can know 77) (EEAr 1. 2020) Rude
c) must know Magic
d) want to know Can I have your daughter for the rest of my life? Say yes,
73) (EEAr 1. 2020) According to the text, Garfield: say yes
‘Cause I need to know
You say I’ll never get your blessing till the day I die
Tough luck my friend but the answer is no!
Why you gotta be so rude?
Don’t you know I’m human too
Why you gotta be so rude
a) Thinks all days are beautiful. I’m gonna marry her anyway
b) Prefers the kitchen only when it’s raining. (Marry that girl) Marry her anyway
c) Prefers staying outside if it’s a beautiful day. (Marry that girl) Yeah no matter what you say
d) Thinks days are beautiful in the kitchen even when it’s (Marry that girl) And we’ll be a Family
raining. Based on the text, we can infer that the couple
74) (EEAr 1. 2020) Doug Funnie a) is going to wait for the girl’s father to die to get married
Douglas Yancey, “Doug” Fannie, is the titular character in peace.
and chief protagonist of the animated series Doug. Douglas b) doesn’t want to get married without the blessing of the
is a shy, insecure, and somewhat clumsy 11-year-old boy girl’s father.
with a wild imagination and a big heart. He owns a very c) doesn’t care about the opinion of the girl’s father and is
expressive dog named Porkchop. Doug is a 6th Grade going to get married.
average kid who always tries to do the right thing, despite d) is going to break up because the girl’s father doesn’t
his frequent failures. He is naive at times, and fears that accept the marriage.
people will think of him as a loser.
According to the text, Doug
a) is a shy kid and, due to it, he isn’t so creative.
b) fails sometimes because he is not a good boy.
c) has a big imagination due to his self-confidence.

52
78) (EEAr 1. 2020) All of me 81) (EEAr 2. 2020) Which expression is usually used to tell
John Legend stories in English?
‘Cause all of me
Loves all of you
Love your curves and all your edges
All your perfect imperfections
Give your all to me
I’ll give my all to you
You’re my end and my beginning
Even when I lose I’m winning
a) There was a house with a man
‘Cause I give you all of me
b) Then the cat ate my breakfast
And you give me all of you
c) That sounds familiar
A synonym for the word “edges” (line 03) is:
d) Once upon a time
a) Hair
82) (EEAr 2. 2020) According to the text, Sandra is
b) bones
Being famous
c) center
Sandra is very beautiful, young, and successful. She’s a
d) margin
famous actress. She’s also very rich. Her house near the
79) (EEAr 2. 2020) According to the chart, we can affirm that
beach is big and beautiful, and her car is very expensive.
____________.
Her fans love her. But is she happy?
Sandra says, “Yeah, I’m young, rich, beautiful, and
famous. People think rich people are happy. That’s not
always true!”
Sandra’s brother, Mike, is her manager. He says,
“Sandra is only 18. She enjoys acting and entertaining
people. But she’s not happy. She doesn’t like being
famous.”
“It’s true,” Sandra says. “I’m never alone. Reporters are
everywhere. Wherever I go, they’re there. They’re outside
my house all the time! That’s so annoying!”
Adapted from:
https://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2008/10/texto-
de-ingls-alunos-de-nvel-bsico.html
a) very happy because she is never by herself.
b) very happy because she has a lot of money.
a) it only has a negative effect c) unhappy with her career because it is annoying.
b) more than 1000 teens were interviewed d) unhappy because wherever she goes, the reporters are
c) all the teens were between 13 and 17 years old there.
d) the survey was conducted in July and August 2020 83) (EEAr 2. 2020) Reading the text, you can infer that
80) (EEAr 2. 2020) Reading the text, you can infer that a man I had a really terrible weekend. My boyfriend took me
Thinking Out Loud out to this really expensive restaurant. In the middle of our
Ed Sheeran dinner, he gave me a very beautiful ring and he asked me to
When my hair’s all but gone and my memory fades marry him. I was really surprised. I said no. I like him, but I
And the crowds don’t remember my name knew I didn’t want to marry him. He was quite angry and
When my hands don’t play the strings the same way, mm sad. It was awful.
I know you will still love me the same a) the girl didn’t like the food at the restaurant because it
‘Cause honey your soul can never grow old, it’s evergreen was too expensive.
Baby your smile’s forever in my mind and memory b) the girl is very happy because she is going to get
I’m thinking ‘bout how people fall in love in mysterious marriage.
ways c) the girl doesn’t like her boyfriend enough to marry him.
Maybe it’s all part of a plan d) the couple will marry soon.
I’ll just keep on making the same mistakes 84) (EEAr 2. 2020) Reading the text, you can infer that
Hoping that you’ll understand It was my birthday. My boyfriend Daniel came to my
a) doesn’t like to be in the middle of a crowd. house to take me out for dinner. I opened the door, and he
b) is talking about the time he’ll get old. had a big bunch of flowers and a very nice car. He rented
c) will give up playing the guitar. the car just to take me out. I was really surprised.
d) wants to change his hairstyle. https://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2016/02/textos-
para-treinar-ingles.html
a) the couple had dinner at home.
b) Daniel gave his girlfriend a car.
c) the couple probably went to a restaurant.
d) the couple celebrated their wedding anniversary.

53
85) (EEAr 2. 2020) According to the text, we can affirm that
__________.
The Importance of the English Language
Nowadays, more and more people are dedicating time to
studying English as a second language. Many countries
include English in their school syllabus and children are
starting to learn English at a younger and younger age. Do
you know why learning English is so important? Here are
five good reasons to take an English Language Course.
1. English is the most commonly spoken language in the
world. One out of five people can speak or at least
understand English!
2. Studying English can help you get a job.
3. English is the language of the Internet.
4. Travelling is a lot easier with a good knowledge of
English.
5. English gives you access to multiple cultures.
Adapted from https://www.british-
study.com/en/importance-of-english-language/
a) English is not the most commonly spoken language
anymore
b) many schools have English at their school syllabus
c) people who don’t speak English should not travel
d) people are studying English at an older age
86) (EEAr 2. 2020) According to the text, choose the right
alternative
Baby Turtles
Thousands of baby turtles have hatched on a beach in
eastern India. The name of this kind of turtle is Olive
Ridley turtle. It is named after the color of its shell, which
is olive-green. It is the smallest sea turtle, and it lives in the
tropical oceans
In March, hundreds of turtles settled in the beach and
they laid eggs in the sand. One and a half months later, the
small baby turtles started to come out from the sand. They
knew where the sea was, and they started to move towards
it. This was a dangerous journey, and not all turtles
completed it.
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/baby-turtles-level-
2/
a) It is safe for baby turtles to go from the sand to the
beach.
b) The Olive Ridley turtle is one of the biggest turtles.
c) The name of the turtle comes from its color.
d) Most of the turtles don’t reach the sea.
Texto para as questões 87 e 88
A woman in Australia discovered her headaches were
caused by tapeworm larvae in her brain
Alaa Elassar
A 25-year-old woman in Australia discovered she had
tapeworm larvae in her brain after suffering from a headache
that lasted for more than a week.
The aches were caused by tapeworm larvae that had taken
up space in her brain, according to a new study on her case by
the The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
published on September 21.
The woman, who never traveled overseas, is the first native
case of the disease in Australia, the study said. Previous
Australian cases of this infection were from immigrants or
returning residents who traveled to regions where the disease is
endemic to, such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
54
For the past seven years, the woman complained of
headaches that would occur two-or three-times a month and
went away with prescribed migraine medication. However, her
latest headache lasted for more than a week and came with
more severe visual symptoms, including the blurring of her
central vision.
An MRI of her brain led doctors to believe that a tumor
might be the cause of her pain, but after operating and
removing the lesion, they discovered it was actually a cyst full
of tapeworm larvae. After the removal, she required no further
treatment.
Tapeworms typically take up residence in human’s
intestines, an infection known as taeniasis, and some can pass
on their own without medication. The parasite is commonly
transmitted when people consume undercooked pork - pigs are
often intermediary tapeworm hosts - or come in contact with
food, water and soil contaminated with tapeworm eggs.
The best line of defense against similar infection is cooking
meat to safe temperatures, washing your hands with soap
before eating and only eating food you can ensure was cooked
in sanitary conditions.
Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com.
87) (EEAr 1. 2021) The word “ensure” underlined in the text is
closest in meaning to _______ .
a) like
b) remove
c) guarantee
d) misunderstand
88) (EEAr 1. 2021) According to the text, we can say
that___________.
a) people are used to consuming undercooked pork in
Australia.
b) tapeworms larvae usually live in human’s intestines and
stomach.
c) doctors thought that a tumor might be the cause of the
Australian woman’s headaches.
d) the young woman has traveled to regions where the
disease is endemic, such as Africa and Asia.
Texto para as questões 89 e 90
Ancient mummies unearthed in Egypt after more than
2,600 years
Charlene Gubash and Adela Suliman
More than 2,600 years since they were buried,
archaeologists in Egypt said Saturday they had found at least
59 ancient coffins in a vast necropolis south of the country’s
capital Cairo, one containing the pristine mummy of an ancient
priest.
The ornate sarcophagi have remained unopened since they
were entombed near the famed Step Pyramid of Djoser in
Saqqara, according to Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and
Antiquities.
Footage shared by the ministry showed colorful sarcophagi
decorated with ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Other artifacts
and at least 28 statues were found in the two deep wells, the
ministry said.
A sealed door was also unearthed where it is expected more
mummies may lie behind, said Khaled el-Anany the first
Minister of Antiquities and Tourism, adding that the artifacts
were in an excellent state of preservation and would be
displayed in the Grand Egyptian museum next year.
Mostafa Waziri, the general director of Egypt’s Supreme
Council of Antiquities, told NBC News that the find reminded
him of the tomb of King Tutankhamun, because both had been
discovered almost intact.
The Saqqara plateau is part of the necropolis of Egypt’s
ancient city of Memphis. Designated a UNESCO World
Heritage site in 1970s, it includes the famed Giza Pyramids. It
is also home to tombs created across thousands of years
between the 1st Dynasty (2920 B.C.-2770 B.C.) and the Coptic
period (395-642).
Hundreds of mummified animals, birds and crocodiles, as
well as two mummified lion cubs were found in the region last
year.
Last week, the ministry displayed a bronze statue of the god
“Nefertam” one of the artifacts discovered with the ancient
wooden coffins.
“Saqqara antiquities area is still revealing its secrets,” the
ministry said.
Adapted from https://www.nbcnews.com
89) (EEAr 1. 2021) The word “sealed”, underlined in the text,
is closest in meaning to __________ .
a) closed
b) opened
c) released
d) very famous
90) (EEAr 1. 2021) According to the text, we can say that
_________________.
a) less than 59 ancient coffins had been found.
b) last year thousands of mummified animals were found
in that region.
c) the first Minister of Antiquities and Tourism was
unconfortable because of the recent find.
d) the artifacts were in an excellent state of preservation as
the tomb of King Tutankhamun when it was found.
91) (EEAr 1. 2021) Choose the alternative that explains the
reason Garfield laughed at Jon’s concern
a) Garfield thinks Jon is more than enough for Liz.
b) Garfield is certain Jon is not enough for Liz.
c) Garfield believes Liz is not enough for Jon.
d) Garfield advises Jon not to think about it.
92) (EEAr 1. 2021) According to the text, we can affirm that
Louis Zamperini
MOVIE INFO
As a boy, Louis “Louie” Zamperini is always in trouble,
but with the help of his older brother, he turns his life
55
around and channels his energy into running, later
qualifying for the 1936 Olympics. When World War II
breaks out, Louie enlists in the military. After his plane
crashes in the Pacific, he survives incredible 47 days adrift
in a raft, until his capture by the Japanese navy. Sent to a
POW (Prisoner-of-war) camp, Louie becomes the favorite
target of a particularly cruel prison commander.
Adapted from
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/unbroken_2014
a) became a runner after being captured by the Japanese
navy.
b) ran in the Olympics before enlisting in the military.
c) didn’t survive when his plane crashed in the Pacific.
d) died in a prisoner-of-war camp.
93) (EEAr 1. 2021) According to the text, we can infer that
Spotify reveals streams of mental health playlists have
doubled in 2020
Isobel Lewis
People are listening to mental health playlists in 2020
more than ever, Spotify has revealed.
With the pandemic forcing people to spend time indoors
and a seemingly never-ending bad news cycle, listeners are
turning to content intended to calm them and allow them to
practice mindfulness.
According to data gathered by Spotify to mark World
Mental Health Day on Saturday (10 October), the music
platform has seen a 50 percent jump in global listens for
playlists relating to mental health this year.
Content related to the terms ‘mindfulness’, ‘calm’, and
‘self-care’ has also been streamed 57 per cent more in 2020
than in 2019.
Spotify has its own mental health initiative called Heart
& Soul, which aims to reduce stigma surrounding mental
health issues in the workplace
Adapted from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-
entertainment/music/news/spotify-mental-health-playlist-
calm-mindfulness-podcast-world-day-b908109.html
a) the pandemic is making people to spend more time
indoors.
b) in the previous years, people listened to mental health
playlists more.
c) spotify believes people will stop listening to these
playlists once the pandemic is over.
d) the bad news cycle in the pandemic is ending.
94) (EEAr 1. 2021) The sentence underlined in the song
expresses the idea of:
Just the way you are
Bruno Mars
Oh, her eyes, her eyes
Make the stars look like they’re not shinin’
Her hair, her hair
Falls perfectly without her trying
She’s so beautiful and I tell her everyday
Yeah, I know, I know
When I compliment her she won’t believe me
And it’s so, it’s so
Sad to think that she don’t see what I see
But every time she asks me, “Do I look okay?”
I say
When I see your face
There’s not a thing that I would change
‘Cause you’re amazing
 Just the way you are
And when you smile
The whole world stops and stares for a while
‘Cause girl you’re amazing
Just the way you are
Yeah
Adapted from
https://www.google.com/search?q=just+the+way+you+are
a) habit
b) condition
c) prediction
d) possibility
95) (EEAr 1. 2021) According to the text, we can affirm that
Fires and Hurricanes
In the US, fires burn in the west. Also, hurricanes hit the
east. However, extreme weather is more and more usual in
all of the world.
Scientists think that human activity brings more extreme
weather. The planet is getting warmer.
A study finds that people are responsible for 97% of
fires in the US. Warmer temperatures mean more fires. The
fires start very easily. They are bigger. It is harder to stop
them.
Warmer temperatures also make more hurricanes. The
hurricanes are stronger. It is more common that they get the
land. They break up houses. They kill people, too.
Scientists expect more hurricanes this year. The hurricane
season ends on November 30th
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/fires-and-
hurricanes-level-1/
a) human beings cannot be held responsible for the fires.
b) colder temperatures make more hurricanes.
c) more hurricanes are expected this year.
d) the hurricane season lasts all year long.
96) (EEAr 1. 2021) Choose the alternative which is not an
example of how to live your life to the fullest.
Ways To Live Your Life To The Fullest
How do you feel about your life today? Are you living
every day in excitement? Do you love what you’re doing?
Are you excited every single moment? Are you looking
forward to what’s coming up next? Are you living your best
life?
If your answer to any of the above is a no, maybe, or not
sure, that means you’re not living your life to the fullest.
Which really shouldn’t be the case, because your life
experience is yours to create. Why settle for anything less
than what you can get? You deserve nothing but the best.
Here are some ways to live your life to the fullest:
Live every day on a fresh new start.
Be true to who you are.
Quit complaining.
Be proactive.
Rather than think “what if”, think “next time”.
Create your own opportunities.
Live consciously each day.
Be committed to your growth.
Know your inner self.
Discover your life purpose.
Stop putting life on hold.
Set your goals.
Be positive.
Build genuine, authentic connections.
56
Do a kind deed a day
Maximize your mind, body, heart and soul.
Be your best self.
Last but not least: LOVE LIFE.
Adapted from https://personalexcellence.co/blog/101-ways-
to-live-your-life-to-the-fullest/
a) Find something good in every challenge you face.
b) Study a new language and start a new hobby.
c) Feel down, depressed and lonely.
d) Get to know yourself better.
97) (EEAr 2. 2021) According to the text we can affirm that
This extra long word (that approximately means
“fantastic”) was popularized by the movie Mary Poppins
and was eventually added to the dictionary. What you
probably didn’t know is that there is a word that is longer
— yes longer — than this one.
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is a type
of lung disease caused by inhaling ash and dust. Go ahead
and try pronouncing that!
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/10-interesting-english-
facts-guest/
a) Mary Poppins had a lung disease.
b) long words are easy to pronounce.
c) the longest word in English means fantastic.
d) the longest word in English is a type of lung disease.
98) (EEAr 2. 2021) According to the text, we can affirm that
The Power of Hashtags in Social Media
By TOMAS McKENNIE
Although hashtags were first used on Twitter back in
2007, they soon became a social media phenomenon, being
integrated into most platforms like Facebook, Instagram,
Pinterest, Linkedin, etc.
So what exactly are hashtags, and how can your
business benefit from them? Well, let’s go ahead and take a
look.
What are Hashtags?
Put simply, hashtags are the “#” symbols followed by a
string of words. As you’ve probably seen, hashtags are
placed in almost every social media post out there. But
why?
Hashtags act as a label for the content users post on
social media. Their job is to place these posts under a
certain category, making it easier to find content that shares
the same topic. And with how cluttered most of our feeds
are, hashtags definitely come in handy.
However, are hashtags important for anything besides
making your posts easier to find? Well, any digital branding
company will tell that the answer to that question is yes.
The Importance of Hashtags
1. Hashtags grab attention
2. Hashtags increase visibility
3. Hashtags give you insights into your competition
4. Hashtags give you insights into your audience
 5. Hashtags increase engagement
All in all, hashtags shouldn’t be treated as an
afterthought. They are as important to social media as
keywords are to Search Engine Optimization. If you use
them properly, hashtags can increase visibility and help you
reach a wider audience.
With that said, to make the most out of your hashtags,
you’ll first need to research both your audience and your
competitors extensively. That will allow you to find out
what your audience is most interested in and understand
how your competitors are engaging with the said audience.
Adapted from https://www.cofmag.com/2021/04/the-
power-of-hashtags-in-social-media/
a) hashtags help people find things related to the same
topic.
b) engagement decreases the use of hashtags.
c) there is no need to know your audience.
d) hashtags have no effect in social media.
99) (EEAr 2. 2021) According to the email, we can affirm that
Email
Neil J. Anderson
Dear Soo Hyun,
Just a quick email to let you know that I’m not
arriving in Korea until June 30. :( The travel agent here in
the U.S. booked my ticket for that date instead of the
26th. Can you come to meet me at the airport on the 30th?
PLEASE, EMAIL ME and let me know. I’m *really*
looking forward to meeting you again.
See you soon :)
Amy
BTW – my brother says ‘Hi!’
Active Skills for Reading - Book 3
a) Amy is traveling on the 26th.
b) Amy can’t wait to meet her friend in Korea.
c) Soo Hyun is meeting Amy at the airport on the 30th.
d) the travel agent booked the ticket for the correct day.
100) (EEAr 2. 2021) According to the comic strip, we can
infer that ____________.
a) he has three checkups every year
b) Garfield’s teeth are sharp
c) he will need treatment
d) his checkup failed
101) (EEAr 2. 2021) According to the first paragraph, we can
infer that
Human-induced global heating ‘causes over a third of
heat deaths’
More than a third of all heat-related deaths around the
world between 1991 and 2018 can be attributed to human-
induced global heating, research has found.
Climate breakdown has a range of effects ranging
from wildfires to extreme weather. As the temperatures
rise, more intense and frequent heatwaves
disproportionately affect elderly people and those with
underlying chronic conditions such as asthma, making
them more vulnerable to disease and premature death.
57
A study, published in the journal Nature Climate
Change, used data from 732 locations in 43 countries to
calculate the number of deaths attributed to heat levels
higher than the ideal temperature for human health, which
varies across locations.
The researchers examined past weather conditions
simulated under scenarios with and without emissions
triggered by human activity – allowing them to separate
the warming and related health impact linked with human
activity from natural trends.
Overall, they found 37% of all heat-related deaths in
the locations studied were attributable to human activity –
but the largest climate change-induced contributions
(more than 50%) were in southern and western Asia (Iran
and Kuwait), south-east Asia (the Philippines and
Thailand) and Central and South America.
Adapted from:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/31/
human-induced-global-heating-causes-over-third-heat-
deaths
a) the world’s population is responsible for more than a
third of heat-related deaths around the world between
1991 and 2018.
b) 50% of heat-related deaths are due to human-induced
global heating.
c) the research is the main cause of human-induced global
heating.
d) global heating has no connection with human practices.
102) (EEAr 2. 2021) We have different ways to use the word
“tip”. Choose the alternative in which “tip” has the same
meaning as “Tips to stay active at home during
#COVID19 outbreak.”
a) How much is the tip?
b) There’s paint on the tip of your nose.
c) We don’t need to leave a tip for the waiter.
d) She gave me a valuable tip for growing tomatoes.
103) (EEAr 2. 2021) According to the text, we can affirm that
Fortnite’s Shopping Carts Disabled Yet Again By Epic
Shopping carts are unavailable due to “ongoing issues.”
Shopping carts have been a fun addition to Fortnite:
Battle Royale, but they’ve also proven to be a problematic
one. Epic Games has had to disable them a number of
times due to problems that have arisen, and that’s the case
once again.
Epic confirmed the temporary removal of shopping
carts in a tweet, stating, “Due to ongoing issues, we’ll be
disabling Shopping Carts again. We’ll update you when
 this issue is resolved.” There’s no time table shared for
when they might be added back in, but at this point
players have become accustomed to seeing shopping
carts--Fortnite’s first vehicle--yanked from the roster of
active items.
It’s not uncommon for Epic to disable items; some are
rotated out to make way for new ones, while others--like
the guided missile--have been removed to provide the
studio with time to work on balancing them. But shopping
carts have been temporarily pulled several times now in a
relatively small window of time. Among other things,
they’ve been utilized to glitch into areas of the map that
players should not be able to access, which is extremely
problematic in a competitive game. With Fortnite’s
massive popularity continuing to rise, it’s no surprise Epic
is fast to pull anything that might upset its competitive
balance (and thereby impact its growing success).
Since the launch of Battle Royale last year as a free-
to-play mode in Fortnite, Epic has steadily and frequently
rolled out new content. Some of that comes in the form of
new weapons, as with the recently added Stink Bomb,
while others serve different purposes, as with the
shopping carts and Hop Rocks.
During E3, Fortnite: Battle Royale was released on
Switch, joining the existing PC, PS4, Xbox One, and
iPhone versions. Fortnite Mobile is also on the way to
Android, although a release date for that version has not
yet been announced.
Adapted from:
https://www.gamespot.com/articles/fortnite-shopping-
carts-still-causing-problems-dis/1100-6459926
a) Fortnite’s Battle Royale mode was released to Android
consoles.
b) Epic Games usually disables items in Fortnite.
c) Epic Games never disables items in Fortnite.
d) Fortnite’s popularity has decreased.
104) (EEAr 2. 2021) The boy in the comic strip is
disappointed because
a) he wants to play with his friend Anne Frank.
b) his father is reading the news to him.
c) he can go outside to play.
d) he mustn’t go out.
105) (EEAr 2. 2021) The text says English has an “ever-
growing” vocabulary. Choose the sentence from the text
that confirms it.
English is flexible and easy to learn
One of the best assets of the English language and
why it is so awesome is its flexibility. It is a huge entity of
vocabulary and is constantly absorbing new words, whilst
at the same time seeping into foreign languages. English
contains over 750,000 words. With so many different
words available to describe things, you should never be
short of synonyms. It is also adding hundreds of new
words every year such as ‘blogging’, ‘selfie’ etc...
58
Another reason why English is so amazing is that there
are even new ‘languages’ created from English, such as
the numerous creole languages across the world which
developed as a result of colonisation.
English has a simple 26 letter alphabet much like most
European languages. Compared to Latin rooted
languages, English doesn’t have complicated gender
grammar rules and much simpler ways of conjugating
verbs into different tenses. So writing essays and other
academic material in English can sometimes be easier
compared to other languages. With a simple structure but
evergrowing vocabulary, English has been described as
easy to learn but hard to master.
Adapted from
https://www.europelanguagejobs.com/blog/english-
awesome-language.
a) “English contains over 750,000 words.”
b) “whilst at the same time seeping into foreign
languages.”
c) “English has been described as easy to learn but hard to
master.”
d) “It is also adding hundreds of new words every year
such as ‘blogging’, ‘selfie’ etc…
106) (EEAr 1. 2022) According to the text, we can affirm that:
Ben
Michael Jackson
Ben, the two of us need look no more
We both found what we were looking for
with a friend to call my own
I will never be alone
And you, my friend, will see
you have got a friend in me
Ben, you are always running here and there
You feel you are not wanted anywhere
If you ever look behind and don’t like what you will find
There’s something you should know
You have got a place to go
I used to say “I” and “Me”
Now it’s us, now it’s we
Ben, most people would turn you away...
www.vagalume.com.br.
a) Ben has a place to go because he has found a friend.
b) The author could turn Ben away at any moment.
c) Ben is looking for a friend by himself.
d) Ben has a lot of friends.
107) (EEAr 1. 2022) According to the text, we can affirm that:
We saw the movie last night.
Marjorie Fuchs and Margaret Bonner
The year was 1912. The Titanic was a new, very large
ship. People thought it was safe. But, on April 15, 1912,
the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank. More than 1,500
people lost their lives.
From the book Grammar Express Basic.
a) the Titanic was a tiny boat.
b) less than 1,500 crew members died.
c) people thought the ship could be risky.
d) the Titanic crashed into an extremely large mass of ice
floating in the sea.
108) (EEAr 1. 2022) The word “meal” in the text is related to:
Read the conversation between Carol and Neil.
Neil: What do you do on New Year’s Day?
Carol: Well, we sometimes go downtown. They have
fireworks. It’s really pretty. Other people invite friends to
their house and they have a party.
Neil: Do you give presents to your friends and family?
Carol: No, we never give presents on New Year’s.
Neil: Do you have a meal with your family?
Carol: No, we do that on Christmas. On New Year’s
we just party!
a) food.
b) money.
c) sports.
d) studies.
109) (EEAr 1. 2022) Match the words according to their
synonyms:
1 – strong
2 – hungry
3 – gorgeous
4 – inteligente
( ) clever
( ) powerful
( ) beautiful
( ) starving
a) 1 - 4 - 2 - 3
b) 4 - 1 - 2 - 3
c) 4 - 1 - 3 - 2
d) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
110) (EEAr 1. 2022) The word “cloth” in the text means:
Camping
On Sunday morning, Tom and his family went
camping. They camped near the lake. Their tent was
shaped like an igloo. It was made of a thin cloth. Tom
helped clean up. They ate a tasty meal of barbecued
chicken and corn. When it got dark they made a fire. They
told stories and sang songs.
English Created Resources.
a) a hard, usually shiny substance.
b) material made from cotton, wool, etc.
c) the hard material that trees are made of.
d) a common hard metal that is used to make steel.
111) (EEAr 2. 2022) Read the text below.
What’s your sign?
Neil J. Anderson
Thousands of years ago, the ancient people of Babylon
and Egypt studied the stars in the sky and created the
zodiac. It was first used to keep track of time. Later, many
used the stars to describe a person’s personality and to say
what would happen in the future.
A person’s zodiac sign is connected to his or her birth
date. Some believe this sign can tell us about a person’s
personality. (...)
In Asia, a person’s blood type is also used to describe
personality. People with the blood type A are calm and
serious, but they can be selfish. Type Bs are independent
but can be lazy. ABs are honest, and type Os are loving
and talkative.
Not everybody believes that your blood type or birth
sign describes your personality. In fact, some people
disapprove of using the zodiac; they say it is just
foolishness. (...)
59
Active Skills for Reading, 2nd Edition, Student Book
1.
According to the text, write T for true and F for false to
the statements related to the zodiac. After, choose the
alternative with the right sequence.
( ) It was originally created to reveal the future.
( ) It is linked to the day a person was born.
( ) It is considered silly by some people.
( ) It was created to name the stars.
a) F - F - T - T
b) T - F - F - T
c) T - T - F - F
d) F - T - T – F
Texto para as questões 112 e 113
Best job advice
The best job advice I ever got was the following: at every
job, you either learn or earn. It’s fine When only one of options
occur. It’s perfect when both of them occur. But if you are not
learning or earning at your current job, you should start
thinking about finding a better one.
112) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that best
summarizes the text.
a) Having a steady income every month is better than
changing jobs constantly.
b) If you aren’t being paid well or learning a relevant skill,
it might be time to search for another job.
c) People should only look for work if they are not at
school or already making money somehow.
d) After someone gives you the best job advice of your
entire professional career, you should quit your job.
113) (EEAr 2. 2022) The word got, underlined in the text, is
closest in meaning to
a) sent.
b) gave.
c) denied.
d) received.
114) (EEAr 2. 2022) Write T for true and F for false, then
choose the alternative with the right sequence.
“Studying in New Zealand was a fun experience for me,
but it was also lots of hard work. I had classes six hours a
day, five days a week - with lots of homework. I also kept
a journal of my experience. (...) On weekends, my
homestay family took me to lots of interesting places. (...)
I’m definitely glad I went!” Alvin Chen - Hong Kong
(Neil J. Anderson, editado)
According to the text, Alvin Chen
( ) sounds disappointed at his experience abroad.
( ) had a good time abroad, despite studying hard.
( ) was able to make written notes about his daily
routine.
( ) doesn’t think that he had enough English speaking
practice.
a) F - T - T - F
b) F - F - T - T
c) T - F - F - T
d) T - T - F – F
115) (EEAr 2. 2022) Write T for true and F for false, then
choose the alternative with the right sequence.
“My year abroad in the United States was a truly
awesome experience. I’m not a shy person, and I was very
comfortable speaking to everyone, so I got lots of
speaking practice. (...) When I got home, my close friends
couldn’t believe how much I had improved!” Mariko
Okada – Tokyo (Neil J. Anderson)
According to the text, Mariko Okada
( ) can be considered an extrovert person.
( ) spent more than eleven months in a foreign country.
( ) thinks that she would speak more if she weren’t so
shy.
( ) regrets investing her time and money on a trip to an
English-speaking country.
a) T - F - F - T
b) F - F - T - T
c) T - T - F - F
d) F - T - T - F
116) (EEAr 2. 2022) According to the chart, write T for true
and F for false, then choose the right alternative.
( ) Even if people wanted to help, there wouldn’t be
much they could do.
( ) People help when they don’t purchase goods made
out of animals’ fur.
( ) Few people believe education is the main key to
help endangered animals.
( ) Many people believe that giving some of your time
to work for charities help endangered animals.
a) T - T - F - F
b) F - F - T - T
c) T - F - T - F
d) F - T - F - T
117) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that completes the
text.
Beauty is where you find it.
There are nearly 8 billion people living on Earth and,
naturally, different cultures have different ideals of beauty
for both men and women. Generally speaking, in most
western societies being thin is more acceptable than being
overweight, whereas nations in other parts of the planet
may prefer a more full-bodied appearance. So if you wake
up feeling ugly some day, just __________ that you may
be the ideal of beauty somewhere. Perhaps you are living
in the wrong country.
60
a) remember
b) disregard
c) overlook
d) remind
Texto para as questões 118 e 119
Suggestion boxes
David Nunan
It may not be a high-tech device, but the suggestion box has
probably done more to boost corporate efficiency over the
years than even the most powerful computer. Suggestion boxes
allow workers to recommend ways of making their jobs easier
and offer employers the chance to save money - or make even
more.
Listen In, Second Edition, Student Book 1, Thomson Heinle
118) (EEAr 2. 2022) Another way of saying “It may not be a
high-tech device, but the suggestion box has probably
done a lot to boost corporate efficiency” is
a) “Despite being a high-tech device, the suggestion box
has probably done a lot to boost corporate efficiency”.
b) “The suggestion box has probably done a lot to boost
corporate efficiency, due to it being a high-tech device”.
c) “Although it isn’t a high-tech device, a lot has been
done by the suggestion box to boost corporate
efficiency”.
d) “It is likely that the suggestion box has probably done a
lot to boost corporate efficiency: hence, it could well be
a high-tech device”.
119) (EEAr 2. 2022) The word allow, in bold in the text, is
closest in meaning to
a) harm.
b) hinder.
c) enable.
d) get in the way of.
120) (EEAr 2. 2022) Write T for true and F for false, then
choose the alternative with the right sequence.
“I spent last year in London. I’m from a small town, and
London is a very big city. (...) There were so many people
to talk to, but I always felt embarrassed about my English.
I missed my family and my two cats. My roommate was
always listening to loud music, so I rarely had the chance
for a nice long talk with my parents. It was a good
experience, but I am glad to be home!” Carla Fonseca –
Resende (Neil J. Anderson, editado)
According to the text, Carla Fonseca
( ) expected London to be a bigger place.
( ) didn’t feel confident about her English.
( ) sounds disappointed at her experience abroad.
( ) felt lonely because she had to live abroad on her
own.
a) F - F - T - T
b) T - T - F - F
c) T - F - F - T
d) F - T - T - F
 Gabarito 62) D
1) B 63) D
2) B 64) D
3) D 65) B
4) B 66) A
5) D 67) D
6) A 68) C
7) D 69) A
8) B 70) A
9) D 71) A
10) C 72) D
11) A 73) D
12) D 74) D
13) C 75) A
14) B 76) A
15) A 77) C
16) B 78) D
17) C 79) C
18) D 80) B
19) B 81) D
20) D 82) D
21) C 83) C
22) C 84) C
23) D 85) B
24) C 86) C
25) C 87) C
26) C 88) C
27) C 89) A
28) D 90) D
29) B 91) B
30) A 92) B
31) B 93) A
32) C 94) A
33) C 95) C
34) A 96) C
35) C 97) D
36) B 98) A
37) A 99) B
38) A 100) B
39) C 101) A
40) B 102) D
41) C 103) B
42) C 104) D
43) A 105) D
44) D 106) A
45) D 107) D
46) A 108) A
47) B 109) C
48) D 110) B
49) A 111) D
50) A 112) B
51) D 113) D
52) C 114) A
53) C 115) C
54) C 116) D
55) D 117) A
56) B 118) C
57) B 119) C
58) A 120) D
59) A
60) D
61) B

61
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
EEAR BCT
1) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Read the cartoon and write (T) for
the true statements and (F) for the false statements.
( ) The pilot is fed up with the passengers’ questions.
( ) The pilot is concerned about the in-flight movie and
meal.
( ) The passenger is concerned about the in-flight movie
and meal.
( ) The pilot and the passenger are engaged in a
conversation about flying a jet safely.
Choose the alternative that corresponds to the correct order.
a) T – F – F – T
b) F – T – T – F
c) T – F – T – F
d) F – F – T – T
2) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) According to the text:
Rio de Janeiro
In a quick and decisive military sweep, Brazilian
security forces seized control of this city’s most notorious
slum on Sunday, claiming victory in a weeklong battle
against drug gangs that has claimed dozens of lives.
Drug gangs have stained the reputation of this seaside
city and contributed heavily to giving it one of the highest
murder rates in the world. For the past two years, the
government has carried out an ambitious campaign to
pacify the most violent slums and regain control of the city
in advance of the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympic
Games. The police have since wrested more than three
dozen communities from criminal gangs, installing special
community police forces there.
Source:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/world/americas/29bra
zil.html?_r=0
a) military forces swept all the slums in Rio de Janeiro.
b) Rio de Janeiro had its reputation regained after many
murders.
c) the government wants to pacify violent slums in Rio
before 2016 Olympic Games.
d) the police has protected more than three dozen criminal
gangs by installing police forces in the slums.
3) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) The doctor’s joke is funny only if the
reader knows that
a) men cannot have a hernia.
b) Hagar knows everything about English grammar.
62
c) there is a different name for the same disease in men
and women.
d) there’s not a disease called hisnia and it was a trick with
the possessive adjectives her (female) and his (male).
Texto para as questões 4 e 5
Why do planes crash?
Navigational errors are among the most common causes of
plane crashes. Planes are flown into a mountain or the sea out
of a variety of reasons. Sometimes weather conditions are bad,
in other cases pilots have made bad judgements.
In 1996 a Peruvian airliner crashed into the sea after the
computer stopped working. The crew had almost no data left to
work with and didn't know at which height they were flying
when they hit the water.
In 1977 almost 600 people got killed when two planes were
heading at full speed towards each other and collided in heavy
fog on the runway in Tenerife. The crash happened after planes
had been guided to Tenerife because Gran Canary airport was
closed.
In June 2009 an Air France airbus disappeared off the coast
of Brazil. Although the wreckage was found after a few days it
took investigators almost three years to find out what had really
happened to the plane.
Pilots are criticising the way planes are built. In the past
decades the structure of planes has changed. More computers
and automated systems are taking over, the pilot often has no
alternatives left.
(Adapted from http://www.english.online.at/news-
articles/technology)
4) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) According to the text, write (T) for
the true statements and (F) for the false statements.
( ) In 1977 two planes collided in Tenerife.
( ) In 1977 almost 600 people were killed due to heavy
fog on the runway.
( ) In 1977 two planes collided when they were heading
for Gran Canary airport.
( ) In 1977 two planes were guided to Gran Canary
airport because Tenerife was closed.
Choose the alternative that corresponds to the order.
a) T – T – F – F
b) T – F – F – T
c) F – T – F – F
d) F – F – T – T
5) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) “Wreckage” in bold type, (line 15)
means
a) the parts of a plane that are left after it has been
destroyed in an accident.
b) a piece of equipment on plane that records what
happens on a flight.
c) the main part of a plane, in which people sit or goods
are carried.
d) the large flat part that sticks out from the side of a plane
and helps to keep the plane in the air.
6) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) According to the article, all the
sentences are correct, except:
The U2 was one of the most famous military planes of
the Cold War. It was designed to fly high over a foreign
country, take pictures and gather information.
The U2 was built in Area 51, a secret place in Nevada,
known for UFO sightings. The US Air Force built the area
to create such a secret plane and test new weapons.
 The single-pilot plane could fly at an altitude of over 20
km above the earth's surface. With its special cameras it
could take detailed photos and close-ups of objects on the
ground. Today, the US Air Force still operates a modified
version of the U2, however it is not used as a spy plane any
more. Current planes have a larger fuselage and need less
fuel than their predecessors of the Cold War. They are also
equipped with more sophisticated instruments. Some of
them fly over Afghanistan and support American soldiers
on the ground. They also saw action during the Gulf War
and the conflict in the Balkans.
U2s are also used for research. NASA uses the former
spy planes for tests in the atmosphere.
(adapted from http://www.english-online.at/news-
articles/history/u2-spy)
a) Nowadays a new version of the U2 is operated as a spy
plane.
b) The US Air Force built a secret area to work on the U2.
c) During the Cold War, the U2 was used as a spy plane.
d) The U2 could identify objects on the ground.
7) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) According to the cartoon, we can
affirm that:
a) Hagar speaks French.
b) Hagar’s friend speaks some French.
c) Hagar is afraid of the other soldiers.
d) Hagar and his friend don’t want to hurt the soldiers.
8) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) According to the text, butterflies:
Throughout history, butterflies have been seen as symbols
of many things - not only transformation and purity, but
also death and sin. Today though, scientists study them to
see what they can tell us about our changing planet, writes
Mary Colwell.
Source: www.bbc.co.uk/news
a) don’t symbolize purity.
b) are also symbols of death and sin.
c) have been studied by scientists throughout history.
d) cannot tell anything about the changes in the planet.
Texto para as questões 9 - 12
Why I stopped mispronouncing my Igbo name
In Nigeria, the language spoken by one of the largest ethnic
groups, the Igbo, is in danger of dying out – which is odd
because the population is growing. In the past this didn’t worry
Nkem Ifejika, who is himself Igbo but never learned the
language
When he is in Nigeria, he says his parents are Igbo. He
might throw in that he partly grew up in the United Kingdom.
In Britain, He says he’s Nigerian, though he often adds
explainers about having been educated at British schools and
lived outside Nigeria since he was 12 years old.
Nkem Ifejika can speak English, French among others.
However, he can’t speak the language of his ancestors. Igbo is
a tonal language, so the words with the wrong stresses and
tones either change their meaning, or worse, become
63
unintelligible. In Igboland, as it’s informally known, names
have meaning and history. Nkemakonam means “may I not
lack what is mine”, while Ifejika means “what I have is
greater”. By mispronouncing his names, he was throwing away
generation of history, and disregarding his parents’ careful
choice.
His indefatigable and proudly wife, who is also Igbo,
helped him out when they met. Now he knows how to
pronounce his name properly, with the correct tones and with
pride.
Fonte: BBC NewsWorld Service
9) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) In ‘Igbo is a tonal language, so the
words with the wrong stresses and tones either change their
meaning, or worse, become unintelligible.’, (lines 12-15), it
means that mispronouncing the words in Igbo can
a) have little change on their meaning as well as their
understanding.
b) affect not only their meaning but also the understanding
of them.
c) change their meaning but hardly ever their
intelligibility.
d) make the understanding easy.
10) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) According to the article, Nkem
Ifejika ___________, except:
a) has been able to speak his ancestors’ tongue since he
was a child.
b) didn’t use to pronounce his name properly.
c) was taught in the United Kingdom.
d) was partly brought up in Nigeria.
11) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) All underlined words in the article
have a negative prefix, except:
a) disregarding
b) indefatigable
c) unintelligible
d) mispronouncing
12) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) In ‘(...) the Igbo is in danger of dying
out (...)’, (line 2), it means that the language is in danger of
______________.
a) being minority
b) being less spoken
c) becoming unclear
d) going into extinction
Texto para as questões 13 - 15
The Bottom Line on Facebook Depression
Facebook, the most popular social media platform, does not
make people more depressed on its own. Instead, what the
research shows is that Facebook – when used as a surveillance
device – leads to a greater risk of feelings of envy. And the
more those feelings of envy increase, the more likely it is for a
person to start feeling depressed
The key to stopping these feelings is to not use Facebook
primarily as a surveillance method to spy on your family and
friends’ lives. Instead, use it as a social network where you
share your own information, photos and updates, as well as
consume other’s updates and shares.
Healthy use of Facebook will protect you against the
possibility of feeling more depressed after using it. It’s a
simple thing you can try for yourself – especially if you feel
more envious after checking Facebook.
Fonte: Psych Central – World of Psychology
13) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Reading the last paragraph can lead
to the conclusion that
a) Facebook is highly addictive.
b) a healthy relationship with Facebook means no use of it
at all.
c) heavy Facebook users should get rid of social media in
order to have a feeling of well-being.
d) Facebook, when it is not used in a healthy way, can
affect the state of people’s mental health, making them
feel very unhappy.
14) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Reading the text leads to the
conclusion that Facebook
a) may lessen depressive feelings.
b) alone doesn’t cause people to be more depressed.
c) is a social tool that can help loneliness if it is used in a
healthy way.
d) can lead to unconscious envy that will result in
depression feelings
15) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) In ‘(...) when used as a surveillance
device (...)’, (lines 3 and 4), it means that Facebook is used
for
a) updating the news.
b) keeping track of others.
c) exchanging the information between more people.
d) surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or
opinions.
16) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Hijacked jets destroy Twin
Towers: a creeping horror
The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling
disbelief, signified first by trembling floors, sharp
eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of
bodies helplessly tumbling out, some of them in flames.
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were
reduced to nothing. Dense plumes of smoke raced through
the downtown avenues, coursing between the buildings,
shaped like tornadoes on their sides.
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared
overhead. Was another one coming? No, it was a fighter jet.
But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for their
lives, but they didn’t know where to go. Should people go
north, south, east, west? Stay outside, go indoors? People
hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated
jumping into the river (…)
Fonte: The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001.
GLOSSARY
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares
to scramble – lutar
The text is about
a) a terrorist attack.
b) a bomb explosion.
c) a terrific day of horror.
d) an implosion of some buildings.
17) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) The Crab and His Mother
Mamma Crab was talking to Baby Crab when she noticed
that he was walking sideways. Mamma Crab said, ‘Why are
you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk
straight.’ Baby Crab replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother,
and I’ll follow your example.’
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain.
She could not walk straight herself. Then, she saw how
foolish she had been to find fault with her child.
64
Fonte: Aesop’s Fables
The moral of the fable is
a) ‘practice is our best friend’.
b) ‘example is the best teacher’.
c) ‘the only way to retain love is to give it away’.
d) ‘never give up persuading someone to copy you’.
Texto para as questões 18 e 19
Greenpeace has campaigned against environmental
degradation since 1971 when a small boat of volunteers and
journalists sailed into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka,
Alaska.
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to
our planet’s biodiversity and environment. It’s also our
responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to
challenge governments and corporations when they fail to act
appropriately in order to protect our environment and our
future.
18) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) The sentence ‘It’s also our
responsibility to expose environmental criminals.’ means
that Greenpeace ________, except:
a) sole responsibility is to expose criminals.
b) exposes environmental criminals, among other things.
c) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals,
too.
d) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, as
well.
19) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) According to the text, Greenpeace
a) is concerned about a range of environmental issues.
b) campaigns actively for the deforestation of the forests.
c) presents a threat to planet’s biodiversity and
environment.
d) blames politicians and business companies for
environmental degradation.
Texto para as questões 20 e 21
A lack of sleep affects your mood
When a person cannot sleep or sleeps only a few hours a
night, a lot of damage is done. A person gets bad-tempered,
loses their drive, feels angry and tired, and also gets bags under
their eyes. Poor sleep can also make a person emotionally
unstable and even affect their immune system. A good tip to
improve the quality of sleep is to avoid heavy meals at night
and to avoid drinking beverages with a high caffeine content,
such as soft drinks and coffee.
Fonte: Maganews
20) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) According to the extract,
a) a bad night’s sleep doesn’t result in skin damage.
b) a good night’s sleep makes a person less energetic.
c) a bad sleep leads to a change in behaviour.
d) sleeping badly is harmless to our health.
21) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) A helpful piece of advice, mentioned
in the extract, is:
a) Stay away from heavy meals at night.
b) Be away from alcoholic drinks.
c) Give up drinks with caffeine.
d) Skip meals when it is night.
Texto para as questões 22 e 23
Airports ‘vunerable’ to attack
The 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack was a
terrorist ramming attack which occurred on Saturday 30 June
2007, when a dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with propane
canisters was driven into the glass doors of the Glasgow
International Airport terminal and set ablaze. It was the first
terrorist attack to take place in Scotland. Security bollards
outside the entrance stopped the car from entering the terminal,
although the doors were damaged.
Security consultant Chris Yates said many of the changes
put in place at Glasgow had been copied at other UK airports.
But he said that although some “weak points” in airport had
been addressed, others remained
Since the attack, cars no longer drop off passengers outside
the main terminal building, which was fitted with bomb-proof
glass.
Fonte:BBC News
GLOSSARY
(car) ramming attack – ataque no qual um veículo choca-se
contra um local
propane canister – container de metal contendo gás propano
bollard – poste usado para manter um veículo fora de uma área
em particular
22) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) – Choose the alternative that reflects
the information provided by the article.
a) Security hasn’t been improved at Glasgow Airport since
the attack happened.
b) The security at Glasgow Airport has been neglected by
the United Kingdom authorities.
c) In spite of the damages at Glasgow Airport, the drop-
offs are still allowed outside the terminal building.
d) The airports in the United Kingdom aren’t secure
enough to prevent the possibility of another terrorist
attack.
23) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) According to the article, the main
terminal building was
a) rebuilt by using glass against bullet.
b) supplied with glass proofed against bomb.
c) fitted with security locks made by bomb-proof glass.
d) fitted out with sophisticated anti-collision equipment.
Texto para as questões 24 e 25
The Pilot Fatigue Problem
For years, pilot fatigue has been a real issue. Airline pilots,
as well as cargo, corporate and charter pilots can all face
fatigue while on the job. While pilot fatigue can be common
and overlooked, it poses a very troubling threat to aviation
safety and should be taken seriously.
Pilot fatigue has been a real problem since the beginning of
air travel. Charles Lindbergh fought to stay awake on his
record-breaking 33.5-hour transatlantic flight from New York
to Paris on the Spirit of St. Louis. Long-haul pilots have
reported falling asleep at the controls. Cargo pilots that fly at
night face fatigue from challenging the body's natural internal
clock.
The Lindbergh flight provides a great example for the real
issue today that fatigue is an acceptable risk and one that isn't
given enough credit. Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris
without falling asleep. Similarly, pilots today get away with
flying tired all the time. If you ask an average pilot how much
sleep he got the night before a flight, it's probably on a par
with the average American, which is about six and a half hours.
This might be an acceptable amount of sleep if you have a
desk job.
(Source: www.thebalance.com/the-pilot-fatigue-problem)
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24) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Write (T) for the true statements and
(F) for the false statements.
( ) Pilot fatigue is affecting only charter pilots.
( ) The Lindbergh flight shows that fatigue poses no risk
for aviation.
( ) If pilots sleep about six and a half hours before a
flight. He won’t face operational risks.
( ) There are accounts that pilots have falled asleep at the
controls due to very long commute.
Choose the alternative that correspond to the right order.
a) T – F – T – F
b) F – T – T – F
c) F – F – F – T
d) T – F – F – T
25) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) “on a par with”, (line 19), in bold
type, means
a) at the same level.
b) at the same local.
c) at different points.
d) at different standards.
Texto para as questões 26 e 27
Twenty-First Century Birdwatching
Our ancestors could spot natural predators from far by their
silhouettes. Are we equally aware of the predators in the
present-day? Drones are remote-controlled planes that can be
used for anything from surveillance, to rescue operations and
scientific research. Most drones are used today by military
powers for remote-controlled surveillance and attack, and their
numbers are growing. The Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) predicted in 2012 that within 20 years there could be as
many as 30.000 drones flying over U.S. Soil alone. As
robotic birds will become commonplace in the near future, we
should be prepared to identify them.
Adapted from https://medium.com/looking-up/21st-century-
birdwatching)
26) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) According to the text, the number of
drones used by military powers is
a) increasing in terms of surveillance and attack.
b) preventing remote – controlled surveillance.
c) continuing the same as in 2012.
d) decreasing in terms of attack.
27) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) In the text, all the nouns bellow refer
to drones, except:
a) predators (line 2)
b) ancestors (line 1)
c) robotic birds (line 10)
d) remote-controlled planes (line 3)
28) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Human's Best Friend
We know that dogs are human's best friends. They love
us and we love them. However, we're not so sure where
they came from. Many scientists think they came from
wolves 15,000 years ago. Although wolves are wild and
dogs are tame, they're still a lot alike. Both wag their tails
when happy and put their tails between their legs when
scared.
Dogs are easy to educate. Well-educated dogs are
sometimes used as watchdogs. A watchdog can stop a
creature that is five to six times bigger. It is interesting,
though, that these dogs, which can become terrifyingly wild
in times of danger, pose no harm to their owners. In the
face of a threat, they put their lives in danger to save their
owners.
 (Adapted from http://www.grammarbank.com)
Write (T) for the True statements and (F) for the False
statements, according to the text
( ) Dogs and wolves present features that make many
scientists think that dogs came from wolves.
( ) Although dogs are human’s best friends. People don’t
know their origin, exactly.
( ) Watchdogs can put their owners in danger in times of
threatening.
( ) Well-educated dogs when in danger are always tame.
Choose the alternative that corresponds to the correct order.
a) T – F – T – F
b) T – T – T – F
c) T – T – F – F
d) T – F – F – T
29) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) “workout”, (line 4), in bold type in
the text, means
Pilates is a unique combination of stretching,
strengthening and breathing. It improves circulation and
body alignment. It engages the powerhouse of the lower
abs, hips and lower back in almost every movement.
Throughout the workout, practitioners try to stay united
from shoulder to shoulder and hip to hip, making sure the
neck and limbs are used in long, graceful movements.
(Adapted fromhttp://www.grammarbank.com/paragraphs-
fitness)
a) a period people rest.
b) a period of mental exercise.
c) a period of physical exercise.
d) a period people spend repairing things at work.
30) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Read the cartoon and choose the best
response.
a) The students were supposed to tell what they did during
the summer.
b) During the summer all the students communicated
through twitter.
c) Every student knew what Kayla did on vacation.
d) Kayla follows all the students on social network.
Texto para as questões 31 e 32
The first man drew a small circle in the sand and told the
second man, “This is what you know”, and drawing a circle
around the small one, “This is what I know”. The second man
took the stick and drew an immense ring around both circles:
“This is where both of us know nothing”.
(Adapted from Carl Sandburg (1878-1967), american poet)
31) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) According to the passage
The first man declared that he had more ____ than the
second man.
a) knowledge
b) wisdom
c) circles
d) rings
66
32) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) The first man thought the second
man knew __________.
a) more than he did
b) very much
c) very little
d) nothing
33) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Read the text and choose the correct
alternative.
In the film “The accountant”, a man on the autism spectrum
is a number cruncher by day, while involving himself in
seedier activities at night.
This scene occurs in a conference room after the lead
character, Christian (Ben Affleck), is hired to review a
company’s financial records. He spends an entire night
writing out figures, using whiteboards and eventually the
room’s glass walls.
For the scene, Mr. O’Connor wanted to take the audience
inside the mind of the character. During an interview, he
explained how he used a real forensic accountant to get the
numbers right and also a creative approach to covering
walls with tidy handwriting.
a) the director, Mr. O’Connor, wanted to show the viewer
what goes on in the head of the character.
b) the director. Mr. O’Connor, put the audience inside the
mind of a real forensic accountant.
c) the main character, Christian, spends the night studying
for presentation work.
d) the main character, Christian, suffers from panic
disorder.
34) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Read the cartoon and choose the best
response.
According to the cartoon,
a) the little boy suggests that the girl is bossy.
b) the dog becomes forever the girl’s dog.
c) the dog tries to teach the girl to jump.
d) the girl wants to buy a dog for her.
35) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Read the cartoon and choose the best
response.
According to the cartoon, the man
a) convinces his companion on the nutritional composition
of the mass.
b) persuades her to choose the same dish and add a salad.
c) describes technically and praises his favorite dish.
d) proves that pizza and salad are the same in theory.
Texto para as questões 36 e 37
Brazil takes on the European Refugee Crisis
In 2016 significantly less refugees arrived in Europe than
the year before. The Organization for Migration and the EU
border agency Frontex have reported a notable decline in the
number of migrants arriving on Europe’s shores by nearly two-
thirds. These numbers, however, are by no means an indication
of improvement in the international situation of refugees.
It’s evident that something has to change in the
international mindset to bring an end to the enduring human
rights violations concerning millions of people. Surprisingly, a
potential wind of change has come from Brazil, a country
facing a deep economic and political crisis.
Brazil is one of the biggest recipients of refugees in Latin
America. In 2013 they introduced a humanitarian visa program
for Syrians, processing 8.450 humanitarian visas on basis of
which more than 2.000 Syrian refugees have already settled in
Brazil. Brazil has several reasons to pursue a recipient
immigration policy. Receiving immigrants from all over the
world helps to boost the country’s international reputation and
to turn around its negative image regarding a high crime rate
and an even higher external debt. Immigrants in Brazil also
seem to be perceived as less as a (financial) burden than in
many European countries.
Fonte: www.dailymail.com.uk
GLOSSARY
mindset – atitudes das pessoas
enduring – resistente, duradoura
financial burden – carga financeira
36) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) – According to the text, we can say
that
a) just Syrians refugees are settled in Brazil.
b) Brazil has supported many Syrian refugees.
c) Brazil has no interest in humanitarian programs.
d) due to the huge crisis, Brazil has refused foreigners.
37) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) ‘a potential wind of change has come
(…)’ in bold in the text, means
a) there’s a possibility of change.
b) the changing has just started.
c) the changing has happened.
d) there’s a hope of changing.
38) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) According to the cartoon,
a) the guy is arguing with his parents about his graduation
gift.
b) the guy’s father is being intentionally sarcastic about the
issue.
c) the guy’s parents are discussing about their present
graduation.
d) the guy’s parents are expecting to win a great gift for his
graduation.
67
Texto para as questões 39 - 41
Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And
Landing Private Jet
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying?
Here’s a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a European
Space Agency (ESA) business incubator center in Bavaria –
released an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater plane called
Lilium that’s currently in the works. With a top speed of 250
mph and a range of 300 miles, the plane can travel roughly
between Munich and Berlin in about 90 minutes. And
according to the ESA, if testing succeeds, this will be the
world’s first vertical takeoff and landing private jet.
The project came about when Daniel Wiegand – one of the four
founders of Lilium – wanted to realize flying for the masses in
a fast, inexpensive, efficient and eco-friendly way. ‘Our goal is
to develop an aircraft that doesn’t need the complex and
expensive infrastructure of an airport, can be used close to
urban areas, and doesn’t produce too much noise and
pollution,’ he said. So to produce this new class of airplanes
that could take off and land vertically anywhere with a surface
area of 250 square feet by 2018, Wiegand and his team in
Germany came up with a design using electric engines and
incorporated movable fan turbines.
Fonte: www.forbes.com
GLOSSARY
glimpse – uma ideia para entender melhor algo
39) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) According to the text, Lilium
a) is a European Space Agency business incubator center.
b) is a helicopter with a vertical takeoff and landing
system.
c) is an electric jet with lower cost for short range
journeys.
d) is an unmanned aircraft which is affordable for the
masses.
40) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Write (T) for true statements and (F)
for false statements and choose the alternative that
corresponds to the right order.
( ) The noise created by Lilium is too loud.
( ) Lilium will be a sustainable form of air transportation.
( ) Lilium has fan engines and an innovative technology
to cut pollution.
( ) A European Space Agency designed an amazing
aircraft with space for more than two people to sit.
a) F – F – T – T
b) T – F – F – T
c) T – T – T – F
d) F – T – F – F
41) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Choose the alternative in which the
prefix ‘in-’ was used to form an opposite.
a) incubator (line 3)
b) inexpensive (line 12)
c) incorporated (line 20)
d) infrastructure (line 14)
42) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) The quotation, in bold in the extract,
means
To be or not to be
Every one knows that ‘To be or Not to be, that is the
question’ comes from Hamlet, but when someone says
‘Neither a borrower nor a lender be’, they are probably
unaware that they also quoting from the same play.
Innovations/ Thompson
 a) If you borrow something, you must refuse to give it
back.
b) If you are not a borrower, you can’t be a lender.
c) Don’t be a lender or a borrower.
d) It’s better to borrow than save.
Texto para as questões 43 - 45
The birds and the bees
My little boy came in the other day with a really serious
look on his face and said, ‘Dad, do you mind if I ask you a
question? Where do I come from?’ I’d been dreading this
question for ages, but like a good father, I sat him down and
gently told him all about the birds and the bees. When I’d
finished, he was very quite. He then got up and went, ‘thank
you, Dad’ and headed for the door. I said, ‘So what made you
ask me?’ and he turned around and said, ‘I just want to know,
because Bobby next door says HE comes from Manchester!’
Fonte: Innovations/ Thompson
43) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) ‘headed’, underlined in the text,
means
a) turned the head.
b) went towards.
c) looked.
d) pushed.
44) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) According to the text, we can infer
that
a) children are always polemic.
b) no adults are prepared to answer some issues.
c) after simple questions, it’s better to give simple
answers.
d) fathers and sons almost always have difficulty in getting
along.
45) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) In “I’d been dreading this question
for ages (...)”, we can infer that
a) the father wasn’t expecting that question.
b) his father’s words could be perfectly understood.
c) the father was well prepared to answer the question.
d) the father feared the day his son would ask him
questions about sex.
Texto para as questões 46 - 48
JetBlue ... The crisis? Never heard of it…
The domestic air transport market in the USA must seem
highly unstable to newcomers, including low-cost carriers. Of
the 82 airlines formed in ten years that followed deregulation in
1978, only two have survived - America West and Mid-west
Express. Statistics show that three-quarters of all projects never
even get off the ground and that most of the others crash in less
than five years.
Paradoxically, Southwest Airlines, the No.1 success story
in the US air transport today, was founded before deregulation
(in 1972), though it did take advantage of it. Many of those
who tried to imitate the Southwest model came to grief. Not
JetBlue, which just four years after it was formed is continuing
to grow at a spectacular rate.
Fonte: Revista Planet Aero-Space
GLOSSARY
come to grief – falir
deregulation – desregulamentação
46) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) According to the text, it’s correct to
say that
a) just a few airlines have survived the crisis.
b) big companies get better results than the others.
68
c) none of the 82 airlines formed in 10 years has failed so
far.
d) domestic air transport market in the USA is not really
vulnerable to newcomers.
47) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) ‘Paradoxically’, in bold in the text
was used to express
a) similar ideas.
b) opposite features.
c) additional information.
d) negative consequences.
48) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) According to the text, all alternatives
are correct, EXCEPT:
a) there’s no crisis for JetBlue.
b) JetBlue has been growing for four years.
c) crisis is something never heard by JetBlue.
d) JetBlue sales are going down at a spectacular rate.
49) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) According to the text,
The practical impacts of climate change can be hard to
predict because of the large scales of time and geography
over which changes are occurring. But more frequent jolts
in midair could be one way in which individuals will soon
literally feel the effects.
A new scientific study says that severe turbulence could
become two to three times more common later this century
when there is twice as much carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
‘Our new study paints the most detailed picture yet of
how aircraft turbulence will respond to climate change,’
says author Dr. Paul Williams. ‘Even the most seasoned
frequent fliers may be alarmed at the prospect of a 149%
increase in severe turbulence, which frequently hospitalizes
air travelers and flight attendants around the world.’
Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical
wind shears in the jet stream, at the cruising altitude for
most jet aircraft. Wind shears can become unstable and
cause turbulence.
Williams used supercomputers simulations that
calculate clear-air turbulence along Transatlantic routes in
winter and found all turbulence strength levels will increase
in a world with twice as much CO2. The computer models
show the average amount of light turbulence will increase
by 59%, light-to-moderate turbulence by 75%, moderate by
94%, moderate-to-severe by 127%, and severe by 149%.
Ironically, or perhaps poetically, aviation has long been
recognized as a major contributor of greenhouse gases to
the atmosphere.
Fonte:www.forbes.com
GLOSSARY
jolt – solavanco
seasoned – experiente
wind shear – tesoura de vento
a) Aviation is a contributory factor in 20 % of all carbon
dioxide emissions.
b) there used to be three times more severe turbulence than
nowadays.
c) an increase in all categories of turbulence will occur in
the years to come.
d) it will take a considerable time to people experience the
effects of climate change.
50) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Read the cartoon and choose the
correct alternative:
a) The air traffic controller duck understood that the duck
pilot was requesting a day of May.
b) The pilot duck was shouting “mayday” because he
wanted to relax.
c) The air traffic controller duck was frantic due to the
affliction of the pilot.
d) The pilot duck was landing due to bad weather.
51) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) The text above is a recipe for:
Ingredients
- 25g butter
- 500g small onions, (about 5 in total), halved and finely
sliced
- 2 eggs
- 284ml pot double cream
- 140g mature cheddar, coarsely grated
For the pastry
- 280g plain flour, plus extra for dusting
- 140g cold butter
Adapted from www.bbcgoodfood.com - Accessed on
15/12/2015.
a) a salmon and watercress quiche.
b) a sticky onion and cheddar quiche.
c) a leek, mushroom and Gruyère quiche.
d) a caramelized onion quiche with cheddar and bacon.
Texto para as questões 52 e 53
The Last Dalai Lama?
On a wet Sunday in June at the Glastonbury Festival, more
than 100,000 people spontaneously burst into a rendition of
‘‘Happy Birthday.’’ Onstage, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai
Lama, blew out the solitary candle on a large birthday cake
while clasping the hand of Patti Smith, who stood beside him.
The world’s most famous monk then poked a thick finger at
Smith’s silvery mane. ‘‘Musicians,’’ he said, ‘‘white hair.’’
But ‘‘the voice and physical action,’’ he added in his booming
baritone, ‘‘forceful.’’ As Smith giggled, he went on: ‘‘So, that
gives me encouragement. Myself, now 80 years old, but I
should be like you — more active!’’
Taken from www.nytimes.com. Acessed on 14/12/15
52) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Match the definitions to the words:
1. clasp (line 4)
2. poke (line 6)
3. giggle (line 9)
4. booming (line 9)
( ) a loud and deep sound.
( ) to laugh in a childlike way.
( ) to hold someone’s hand firmly.
( ) to push someone or something with the fingers.
Choose the correct order:
a) 1 – 4 – 3 – 2
b) 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
c) 3 – 2 – 1 – 4
d) 4 – 3 – 1 – 2
69
53) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) According to the text, it is correct to
affirm that
a) Tenzin Gyatso, the world’s most famous monk, had
more than 100,000 people celebrating his 80th birthday.
b) Dalai Lama is celebrating his friend Patti Smith’s 80th
birthday.
c) Dalai Lama would like to have white hair and beard.
d) Patti Smith is considered the 14th Dalai Lama
Texto para as questões 54 e 55
Heathrow expansion should face strict environmental
conditions, say MPs.
Final government approval for the expansion of Heathrow
should be withheld until Europe’s busiest airport can
demonstrate that it accepts and will comply with key
environmental conditions, a parliamentary committee has
concluded.
MPs on the environmental audit committee have been
hearing evidence on the likely carbon emissions, air quality and
noise levels after the government-appointed Airports
Commission recommended a third runway at Heathrow as the
preferred plan for London airport expansion
(Adapted from www.theguardian/ environment. Acessed on
01/12/2015)
54) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Heathrow airport already has
_____________.
a) 1 runway
b) 2 runways
c) 3 runways
d) 30 runways
55) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Write true (T) or false (F), according
to the text:
( ) The expansion of Heathrow airport ought to be
blocked until the busiest airport complies with key
environmental conditions.
( ) The expansion of Heathrow should begin once
Europe’s busiest airport may accept other conditions for
weather.
( ) Europe’s busiest airport can accept this change under
two conditions: better air quality and lower noise levels.
( ) Heathrow airport can choose the best alternative for
environmental conditions.
a) T – T – F – F
b) F – F – T – F
c) T – F – F – F
d) F – F – T – T
56) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Choose the correct alternative,
according to the cartoon.
a) The flying duck understood there was turbulence,
because the winds were strong.
b) The air traffic controller duck didn’t have time to warn
about turbulence.
c) The water in movement caused the wind turbulence.
d) The water turbulence was caused by the alligator.
57) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018)
The following are examples of types of air traffic
controllers:
Tower controllers direct the movement of vehicles on
runways and taxiways. They check flight plans, give pilots
clearance for takeoff or landing, and direct the movement
of aircraft and other traffic on the runways and other parts
of the airport. Most work from control towers, as they
generally must be able to see the traffic they control.
Approach and departure controllers ensure that aircraft
traveling within an airport's airspace maintain minimum
separation for safety. They give clearances to enter
controlled airspace and hand off control of aircraft to en
route controllers. They use radar equipment to monitor
flight paths and work in buildings known as Terminal
Radar Approach Control Centers (TRACON). They also
provide information to pilots, such as weather conditions
and other critical notices.
En route controllers monitor aircraft once they leave an
airport's airspace. They work at air route traffic control
centers located throughout the country, which typically are
not located at airports.
Each center is assigned an airspace based on the geography
and altitude of the area in which it is located. As an airplane
approaches and flies through a center's airspace, en route
controllers guide the airplane along its route. They may
adjust the flight path of aircraft for safety and collision
avoidance.
Adapted from: ttps://collegegrad.com/careers/air-traffic-
controllers
Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Then
choose the right alternative.
( ) En route controllers manage aircraft within airport’s
airspace.
( ) Approach and departure controllers give official
approval for landing and takeoff.
( ) The responsibility of approach and departure
controllers is to ensure that aircraft stay safe distances
apart.
( ) Some of the tower controller duties are to prepare
flight plans and to manage the movements of aircraft on the
ground.
a) F – T – F – T
b) T – T – F – F
c) F – T – T – F
d) F – F – T – F
58) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) According to the text, it is correct to
say that
Air Traffic Controllers
Air traffic controllers coordinate the movement of air
traffic, to ensure that aircraft stay safe distances apart.
Duties
Air traffic controllers typically do the following:
- Issue landing and takeoff instructions to pilots;
- Monitor and direct the movement of aircraft on the
ground and in the air, using radar, computers, or visual
references;
- Control all ground traffic at airports, including
baggage vehicles and airport workers;
- Manage communications by transferring control of
departing flights to traffic control centers and accepting
control of arriving flights;
70
- Provide information to pilots, such as weather updates,
runway closures, and other critical information; and
- Alert airport response staff, in the event of an aircraft
emergency.
Air traffic controllers' primary concern is safety, but
they also must direct aircraft efficiently to minimize delays.
They manage the flow of aircraft into and out of the airport
airspace, guide pilots during takeoff and landing, and
monitor aircraft, as they travel through the skies.
Controllers usually manage multiple aircraft at the same
time and must make quick decisions to ensure the safety of
the aircraft. For example, a controller might direct one
aircraft on its landing approach, while providing another
aircraft with weather information.
Adapted from: ttps://collegegrad.com/careers/air-traffic-
controllers
a) the main concern of an air traffic controller is to avoid
delays.
b) an air traffic controller must be a fast and a good
decision maker.
c) air traffic controllers must not direct more than one
aircraft at the same time.
d) air traffic controllers manage the flow of aircraft into the
airport airspace only.
59) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, we can infer
that
Hawaii’ volcano
Caleb Jones and Andrey Mac Aroy
Kilawea began erupting more than two weeks ago. It has
burned dozens of homes, forced people to escape from
smoke and fire and led officials to distribute face masks to
protect against ash particles. Lava flying through the air
from cracks in the earth can weigh as much as a refrigerator
and even small pieces can be lethal. The lava streamed
across a highway and flowed into the ocean. That sent
hydrochloric acid with fine glass particles into the air, a
process that can lead to lung demage and eye and skin
irritation. The highway was closed in some places, and
residents in the area have been evacuated.
a) Kilawa erupted about ten days ago.
b) The lavas didn’t cause any health problems.
c) The lavas can be very heavy and dangerous.
d) The residents didn’t leave their houses during the
eruption.
Texto para as questões 60 - 62
The mistake
A photographer named John was flying first class from
London to Nairobi in Kenya when one of the pilots came out of
the cockpit to make some coffee in the microwave. He couldn’t
get the machine to work, so he asked his fellow pilot to help
him.
As the other pilot left the cockpit, he let the heavy metal
door close behind him. The pilot started an urgent, whispered
discussion with his colleague. The two pilots had locked
themselves out of their cockpit and, as they told the
photographer (who promised not to tell the other passengers),
the door was fitted with a safety lock. This meant that not even
the pilots could open it from outside the cockpit. John
remembered that he had put his Swiss army knife in his hand
luggage. However, he couldn’t remember where he had put his
hand luggage and spent five minutes opening and closing
overhead lockers until he found it. John and the pilots attacked
the door with the knife, the lock started to come loose, and
when they broke into the cockpit, the plane was cruising
eastward over the Indian Ocean.
Adapted from American Inside Out - Student’s Book
60) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, we can say that
_________________.
a) The pilots got back to the flight deck
b) Neither passenger realized the situation
c) The pilots often make coffee during the flight
d) It’s really common to face a problem like this one
61) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) The word “whispered”, in bold, in
the text, is closest in meaning to ________.
a) yelled
b) bellowed
c) screamed
d) murmured
62) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, choose the best
response.
a) The airplane was heading for London.
b) The two pilots were locked in the cabin.
c) The two pilots argued with the photographer.
d) The photographer helped the pilots to make coffee.
Texto para as questões 63 e 64
Cuba plane crash: 110 dead as investigators recover
flight’black box
The fiery crash of an ageing passenger jet close to Havana’s
main airport killed 110 people while three survivors remain
gravily in the hospital, making it the Caribean island’s
deadliest air disaster in nearly 30 years. The weather was rainy
at the airport at the time of the accident and some people could
hear a strange noise and saw the plane with an engine on fire.
Among the dead are 20 clergy members of an evangelical
church, the Mexican pilots and the cabin crew.
Adapted from Independent Online, May 25.
63) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) The word “ageing”, in bold in the
text, is closest in meaning to
a) old
b) new
c) modern
d) efficient
64) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, we can infer
that
a) The plane crashed far from the airport.
b) The accident isn’t considered a huge tragedy.
c) All the passengers survived and only a couple died.
d) The weather was dull and wet at the time of the
accident.
Texto para as questões 65 e 66
PRESSURE
Jeremy Berke
Commercial airplane cabins are generally pressurized to an
equivalent of 6,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level, in an effort to
maintain a healthy oxygen level for both the passengers and the
flight crew. When a passenger jet is flying at a cruising altitude
of over 36,000 feet, the pressure outside the cabin
is_____________ than inside the pressurized cabin. Air
pressure has a tendency to equalize, moving from areas of high
pressure to low pressure to achieve equilibrium. When a hole
rips open on a plane, the suction resulting from the pressure
difference between the cabin and the sky could pull nearby
people or objects outside. Depending on the size of the hole,
such accidents could either create just enough force to shuffle
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papers around, or, pull a full-size human out of the plane.
Survival is unlikely for anyone fully sucked out into the sky.
While in-flight incidents are extremely rare, if you want to
survive a crash, research suggests the best place to sit is in a
middle seat toward the back of the plane.
65) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) Write (T) for the true statements and
(F) for the false statements, according to the text.
( ) The safest place into the airplane is the first class.
( ) After being entirely sucked out in the sky, it’s difficult
someone survives.
( ) It’s likely to survive a crash if your place into the
airplane is in the cockpit.
( ) A depressurization caused by a hole on a plane can
suck out any people or object outside.
a) F – F – T – T
b) T – F – T – F
c) T – T – F – F
d) F – T – F – T
66) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, we can infer
that _______________, EXCEPT,
a) at 36,000 feet above sea level, it’s not possible to
breathe without a pressurized cabin
b) it’s possible to breathe naturally at an altitude of 5,000
feet above sea level
c) at 36,000 feet above sea level, the pressure outside the
cabin is higher than inside the pressurized cabin
d) an airplane cabin pressurized to 7,000 feet above sea
level has a good oxygen level to passengers and crew
67) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) Southwest Airlines Flight 1380
Jeremy Berke
Southwest Airlines Flight 1380 suffered an engine
failure that smashed a plane window, sucking a passenger
halfway out of the plane in midair
A passenger on a Southwest Airlines flight on Tuesday
was partially sucked out of a window after an engine
exploded in midair.
The flight, traveling from New York to Dallas, was
forced to make an emergency landing in Philadelphia, and
the passenger — a 43-year-old woman named Jennifer
Riordan — died Tuesday at a hospital. It was the first
fatality in a US passenger plane accident in nine years.
Passengers on the flight described how, after the
explosion sent shrapnel into one of the plane’s windows,
Riordan was pulled halfway out of aircraft.
While passengers were able to pull Riordan back into
the plane, another passenger was said to have felt “severe
pressure” after positioning his back against the opening in
the cabin in an attempt to seal it.
When there’s an opening in an airplane during flight
(regardless of the cause), the plane will undergo rapid
depressurization.
Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com
Glossary:
shrapnel – pequenos pedaços de metal que são lançados
devido a uma explosão.
In, “... another passenger was said to have felt severe
pressure after positioning his back against the opening in
the cabin in an attempt to seal it”.
The word “seal” is closest in meaning to ____________.
a) fix
b) hide
c) close
 d) protect
Texto para as questões 68 e 69
Mrs. Pratchett
Her name was Mrs Pratchett. She was a small, skinny old
hag with moustache on her upper lip and a mouth as sour as a
green goosebery. She never smiled.
Her apron was gray and greasy. Her blouse had bits of
breakfast all over it, toast crumbs and tea stains and splotches
of dried egg yollk. It was her hands, however, that disturbed us
most.They were disgusting. They were black with dirt and
grime.
And do not forget that it was these hands and fingers that
she would plunge into the sweet-jars when we asked for a
pennyworth of TreackleToffe or Wine Gums or Nut Clusters,
or whatever. There were precious few health laws in those
days, and nobody, least of all Mrs. Pratchett , ever thought of
using a little shovel for getting sweets out as they do today.
American Inside Out – Teacher’s book
68) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, we can infer
that Mrs Pratchett was _______________.
a) really tidy
b) kind of adorable
c) sort of unpleasant
d) someone very kind
69) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) According to the text, choose the
best response.
a) Mrs. Pratchett was the cleaner.
b) Mrs. Pratchett was really repulsive.
c) Mrs. Pratchett’s place was very hygienic.
d) Mrs. Pratchett wore an impeccable apron.
70) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018)
Routine
We’re supposed to start work at nine, but I often come
in later because I have to take my children to school first,
but then I stay a little later. Of course, if I have an early
meeting or if I have to be in court first thing in the
morning, my wife has to take the kids to school.
American Inside out - Teacher's book.
According to the text, in “We are supposed to start work
at nine, (...)”. The underlined words are closest in
meaning to “We are .to start (...)”
a) wanted
b) wished
c) hopped
d) expected
Texto para as questões 71 - 74
To tip, or not to tip?
The word tip comes from an old English slang. Americans
usually tip people in places like restaurants, airports, hotels,
and hair salons.
People who work in these places often get paid low wages.
A tip shows that the customer is pleased with service.
Sometimes it’s hard to know how much to tip. The size of
the tip usually depends on the service. People such as parking
valets or bellshops usually get smaller tips. The tip for people
such as taxi drivers and waiters or waitresses is usually larger.
When you’re not sure about how much to tip, do what
feels right. You don’t have to tip for bad services. And you can
give a bigger tip for a very good service. Remember, though,
your behavior is more important than your money. Always
treat service providers with respect.
Adapted from Interchange
72
71) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that:
a) The tips depend on someone’s behavior.
b) Even if the service is very good, tips don’t change.
c) People demonstrate their satisfaction tipping for the
service.
d) People who works as parking vallets or bellshops get no
tips.
72) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) In (...) “you are not sure” about how
much (...)”, the underlined words are closest in meaning to
“you ____________”.
a) know
b) are certain
c) are uncertain
d) have no doubt
73) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, choose the best
response.
In “Americans usually tip people in places like restaurants,
airports, hotels, and (...)”, the word “TIP” is closest in
meaning to
a) take some money.
b) pay for the service.
c) ask for extra money.
d) give an amount of additional money.
74) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) “low wages”, in bold type in the
text, is closest in meaning to
a) large tips.
b) small tips.
c) small salary.
d) a high amount of money.
Texto para as questões 75 e 76
Evacuations as typhoon hits China coast
More than 200,000 people have been evacuated as a
typhoon made landfall on China’s east coast, state media say.
Typhoon Yagi hit China’s Zhejiang province shortly before
midnight on Sunday packing winds of up to 102km/h, the
official Xinhua news agency reports, citing provincial flood
control headquarters.
A total of 204,949 people in 10 cities, including Taizhou,
Zhoushan, and Wenzhou, have been evacuated and almost
21,000 fishing boats called back to port, it said.
The storm will also bring heavy rain and will gradually
weaken as it moves slowly inland to the northwest, Xinhua
said.
Summer is China’s typhoon season, although casualties
have been minimised in recent years by early government
planning and evacuations from potencial danger zones.
Adapted from www.news.com.
75) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that
a) heavy rain is forecast for China’s typhoon season.
b) more than 200,000 fishing boats called back to port.
c) the bad weather condition was caused by a wind shear.
d) typhoon Yagi has hit China’s Zhejiang province just
after noon.
76) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that
a) Zhejiang is the Chinese who forecast the storm.
b) Typhoon is a violent storm with very strong winds.
c) Taizhou and Zhoushan are some countries in China.
d) China has been facing typhoon for a long time during its
all seasons.
Texto para as questões 77 e 78
Hanging out
R. Jordania
In american cities, teenagers like to spend time together –
“hang out”, as they say – at drugstore, luncheonettes, or ice
cream parlors.
Often, they don’t even meet inside, but gather on the
sidewalk in front of the store. From time to time they go in for
coffee, milk, ice cream. They also like to play the pinball
machines.
Most parents disapprove of their children’s “hanging out”
that way. They consider it a waste of time, which could be
better used doing homework, working at a part-time job, or
helping in the house.
Adapted from life in the USA
77) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that
a) teenagers are fond of hanging out with friends.
b) ice cream is the teenager’s favorite kind of junk food.
c) pinball machines are not something they enjoy playing
so much.
d) most of the time teenagers “hang out” in the inner part
of a place.
78) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, choose the best
response:
a) Just a few teenagers make some housework.
b) All of parents think the teenagers should work part-
time.
c) Most of teenagers help their families doing the
housework.
d) Most teenagers’ parents don’t go along with the way
their children spend time.
Texto para as questões 79 e 80
Celebrity Doubles
A group of teenagers is standing outside a shop in
Manchester, England. Many of them have cameras and are
looking in the shop window. they want to see the movie star
Daniel Radcliffe. A man in the shop looks like Radcliffe, but
he isn’t the famous actor. He’s Andrew Walker - a twenty-two-
year old shop clerk.
Walker isn’t surprised by the teenagers. People often stop
him on the street and want to take his picture. Walker is a clerk,
but he also makes money as Daniel’s double. Today, many
companies work with celebrity doubles. They look like famous
athletes, pop singers, and actors. The companies pay doubles to
go to parties and business meetings. Doubles are also on TV
and in newspapers ads.
Why do people want to look like a celebrity? One double in
the USA says, “I can make good money. I also make a lot of
people happy”.
Adapted from World Link - Developing English Fluency
79) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that, EXCEPT:
a) Doubles are paid to go to social events and business
meetings.
b) The young clerk was amazed by the young people in the
shop.
c) Some people like to have a very similar appearance to
celebrities.
d) Many companies work with people who take the place
of famous actors for some purposes.
73
80) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) In “Walker is a clerk, but he also
makes money as Daniel’s double (...)”, the underlined word
means that Walker _________ Daniel.
a) looks like
b) is not similar
c) is different from
d) is the opposite of
Texto para as questões 81 e 82
The legislation follows a year-on-year increase in drone
incidents.
Joana Whitehead
New laws introduced today will restrict all drones from
flying above 400 feet or within one kilometer of airport
boundaries. The legislation follows a year-on-year increase of
drones incidents with aircraft, with 93 reported in 2017. The
measures are hoped to reduce the possibility of damage to
windows and engines of planes and helicopters.
Further laws will require owners of drones weighing 250
grams or more to register with the Civil Aviation Authority
(CAA). The majority of drones users considered it is vital for
drone pilots to adhere to the rules and guidelines of the CAA,
a set of rules introduced to promote safe and responsible drone
use.
Drones are here to stay, not only as a recriational pastime,
but as a vital tool in many industries – from agriculture to blue-
light services – so incresing public trust through safe drone
flying is crucial.
Adapted from www.independent.co.uk
81) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, choose the
correct alternative;
a) Drones incidents with aircraft are increasing every year.
b) Drones are just tools used for recreation in your leisure
time.
c) New laws won’t allow all drones to fly within 400 feet
near the airports.
d) Most of drones users consider it is not important to
follow the rules of the CAA
82) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) The verb “to adhere”, in bold type in
the text, is closest in meaning to
a) to believe in someone’s idea.
b) to behave according a particular rule.
c) to disapprove something or someone.
d) to disagree with an action or proposal.
Texto para as questões 83 e 84
Airline employee steals, crashes plane near Seattle
US authorities are investigating the Friday night crash of a
Horizon Air Q400 aircraft near Seattle-Tacoma airport in
Washington state after an airline employee took off without
clearance and flew the plane for about an hour before it
crashed.
Two F-15 military fighter jets went up into the air in order
to intercept the stolen airliner, and the airport closed for a short
time
There were no passengers on board except the person who
was operating the plane. It is believed that he is Richard
Russel, a 29 year old local man who worked for the airline.
Some media images showed the aircraft doing complicated and
dangerous flying before crash. In an audio recording a
conversation with an air traffic controller, the person piloting
the aircraft said he was a “broken guy”.
Adapted from news.airwise.com/story/airline...
83) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) According to the text, choose the
correct alternative:
a) The only person on board was the airline employee.
b) The aircraft made a calm and smooth flight before
crashing.
c) The plane flew for approximately one hour and landed
safely.
d) The airport was kept closed during many hours after the
accident.
84) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) In “the person piloting the aircraft
said he was a broken guy (...)”, you can infer that the man
was ___________, EXCEPT:
a) so sad
b) very excited
c) suffering a lot
d) extremely unhappy
Texto para as questões 85 e 86
What was lost and what survived devastating Notre Dame
fire
David K. Li
Some of the most prized, centuries-old relics of France and
Christianity survived the devastating Notre Dame Cathedral
fire that almost wiped out the cherished Paris landmark.
According to Culture Minister Frank Riester the “most
precious treasures” were largely spared. Many of the works
will be stored at Paris’ City Hall and the Louvre, where they
will be examined, treated for damage and protected.
Monday’s fire almost destroyed the entire cathedral, wich
has stood in Paris and survived nearly 900 years of tumultuous
French history.
So far, authorities have said blaze appears to be an
accident, possibly connected to a renovation project carried out
by five companies.
The fire was finally extinguished after nine hours of work.
85) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can say
that___________.
a) the fire could only stop burning after more than one day
of work
b) no ancient and valuable object could be saved from the
fire in Notre Dame cathedral
c) Notre Dame cathedral stands in Paris and is considered
a very important Christian symbol
d) maybe the big and dangerous fire was caused by a
restoration work conducted by the government
86) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) “...appears (...)”, underlined in the
text is closest in meaning to _______ . Except:
a) seems
b) sounds
c) looks like
d) looks as if
87) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) The words, “in plenty of time”, in
bold type in the paragraph, is closest in meaning to
__________.
They arrived at the court in plenty of time and went
straight to the robing room. It was crowded with solicitors
and counsil.
Adapted from Reading for Meaning
a) late
b) on time
c) over time
d) in good time
74
Texto para as questões 88 – 90
Asthma from traffic
Asthma is a serious medical condition because it is lifelong;
there is no cure. A study says that pollution from traffic
connects to 4 millions new cases of asthma in children each
year.
Researchers studied the pollution and how it affects
children’s health in 194 countries and 125 large cities.
This is not the first study to make this clame, but the
study’s main author says that it gives a comprehensive idea of
the problem. She says that it tells where pollution “hot spots”
are.
Some people think rules for pollution need to change and
that we need to have cleaner transportation. The author also
said that there are other pollutants in the world causing
deseases, such as lung cancer, strokes, heart disease and
developmental issues.
88) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can say that
_________________.
a) there is no solution for the problems caused by pollution
b) there are other substances that cause diseases in the
world besides the pollution
c) researchers discovered a medical treatment for asthma
that makes the illness go away
d) the study doesn’t give us a complete idea of the problem
related to asthma in children
89) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) The word “comprehensive”,
underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to __________
a) narrow
b) limited
c) complete
d) particular
90) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) In "This is not the first study to make
this claim", the word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to
_____________ . Except:
a) assertion
b) allegation
c) refutation
d) affirmation
Texto para as questões 91 e 92
The plane, the pilot and the mechanic.
Whereas, several test pilots might fly the prototype, each
prototype is enrusted to only one mechanic. For him, I’m the
pilot who is going to fly “his” plane and furnish him with the
proof that the work he has lovingly and conscientiously put it
on it all day, and sometimes all night, has not been in vain. The
relation between the pilot, the plane and the mechanic are at
once very simple – basic, obviously – and very complex when
it comes to putting them into words. For the mechanic, the
plane is a kind of Sleeping Beauty, and he takes care of her and
coddles her while she is asleep. As soon as she wakes up, she
passes into the hands of the pilots, but he only knows the plane
when it is “alive”, when it is flying and functioning. The
moment the plane takes off for a test, the mechanic loses sight
of it, but he follows it, he feels it, he is bound to it by a kind of
sixth sense, or to put it better, by an invisible umbilical cord.
Adapted from Read for Meaning.
91) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can say that
_________________.
a) the pilot flew the mechanic’s plane in vain
b) the mechanic is the only one able to fly his plane
c) there are a lot of mechanics testing the pilot’s plane
 d) the pilot will give the mechanic the proof that his work
has been a success
92) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) In ...”For the mechanic, the plane is a
kind of Sleeping Beauty, and he takes care of her and
coddles her while she is asleep”, we can say that the
mechanic ________________.
a) is clumsy of the plane
b) is really jealous of the plane
c) is very caring about the aircraft
d) doesn’t care of the most of the aircraft
Texto para as questões 93 – 95
Customs
It was the small hours of the morning, when we reached
London Airport. I had cabled London (England) from
Amsterdam (Holland), and there was a hired car to meet me,
but there was one more contretemps before I reached the haven
of my flat. In all my travels I have never, but for that once,
been required by carried by the British Customs to open a
single bag or to do more than state that I carried no goods
liable to duty. It was, of course, my fault; the extreme fatigue
and nervous tension of the journey had destroyed my
diplomacy. I was, for whichever reason, so tired that I could
hardly stand and to the proffered pro forma and the question,
‘have you read this?’ I replied, with extreme testiness and
foolishness, ‘Yes-hundreds of times’.
Adapted from Read for Meaning
93) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can say that
________________.
a) the aircraft headed for London
b) some unfortunate happening was expected
c) someone arrived sooner at London Airport
d) the passenger couldn’t realize his fault so far
94) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that _______________.
a) the passenger was very polite at the customs
b) it was the passenger’s first time at the customs
c) at the customs, the passenger could relax and rest
d) after landing, the passenger couldn’t go towards his
place
95) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, choose the best
response.
In “...there was a hired car to meet me (...)”. We can infer
that___________.
a) there was a car to pick the passenger up at his place
b) there was a car ready to take the passenger to his place
c) the passenger has asked someone to give him a ride to
his flat
d) the passenger has lent a car for someone meet him at the
airport
96) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) The word “weird”, in bold type, in
the text, is closest in meaning to ______________ . Except:
Halloween
One fall day, as you walk down the street, you might
see ghosts, strange animals, and other weird things. What’s
going on? It’s probably October 31, or Halloween.
Halloween is a day when people go out wearing costumes
and colorful makeup.
People think that Halloween started in Ireland during
the 400s. October 31 was the end of summer, and people
believe that everyone who died during the year come back
on that day. To scare away the dead, people put on
costumes and went out into the streets to make noise.
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Different cultures have different ways of celebrating
Halloween. In the United States, it’s the night when
children dress up in costumes and go to neighbors’ houses
to “trick or treat”, or ask for candy. Some adults wear funny
or scary costumes and go to parties or parades. Halloween
has become a fun holiday for both adults and children.
Adapted from Interchange.
a) eerie
b) strange
c) unusual
d) unbelievable
Texto para as questões 97 – 99
The Magic of Potter
There was a time when no one knew the name Harry Potter.
Now the adventures of this extraordinary student at Hogwarts
School of Witchcraft and Wizardry are read in over 45
languages, including Russian, Thai, and even ancient Greek.
No one can explain the Harry Potter Phenomenon – not even J.
K. Rowling, his creator.
J. K. Rowling was born in England in 1965. From a young
age, she knew she wanted to be a writer. When she was 6, she
wrote her first story – about a rabbit that gets sick. In 1990, on
a trip to London, she got the idea for the boy wizard. She soon
created a whole cast of unique characters to help Harry battle
the forces of darkness. She kept working on the story while she
was teaching English in Portugal. She finished the first book in
the series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, in 1995 and
published it in 1997. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
became an unexpected bestseller.
Adapted from Interchange
H. P. = Harry Potter
97) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) In... “Now the adventures of this
extraordinary student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft
and Wizardy(...)”. The underlined words refer
to_______________.
a) Hogwarts School
b) the adventures
c) Harry Potter
d) the author
98) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can say that
J. K. Rowling used to ________________.
a) be a teacher, while she was writing Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone
b) imagine great adventures in her teen’s
c) write novels when she was a child
d) study at Hogwarts
99) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, choose the best
response
a) Harry Potter is J. K. Rowling first story.
b) Harry Potter’s adventures was translated into 45
languages.
c) It has been possible to read H. P. and the Sorcerer’s
Stone since 1993.
d) The boy wizard came up on J. K. Rowling’s mind on a
trip to England.
Texto para as questões 100 – 101
Investigators find “similarities” between Ethiopian and
Lion Air crashes.
Anna Cardovillis, Kara fox and Dakin Andone
Preliminary data recovered from the black boxes of the last
week Ethiopian Airlines crash has revealed “similarities” to
October ‘s fatal Lion Air crash.
Ethiopian Airlines flight 302 crashed March 10, six minutes
after take off, killing all 157 people on board. It was the second
disaster involving a new Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft in less than
six months. In October, all 189 people on board Lion Air Flight
were killed in Indonesia, 13 minutes after take off. Similarities
between the two incidents led aviation authorities around the
world to ban the use of 737 Max 8s. Investigators suspect the
Lion Air crash may have been caused by an angle of attack
sensor on the outside of the plane that transmited incorrect
data, which could have triggered the automated flight software
that forced the plane’s nose down. The pilots first manually
corrected an “automatic aircraft nose down two minutes after
take off and performed the same procedure again and again
before the plane hurtled into the Java Sea.
100) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, we can infer
that __________.
a) the crashes were caused by a mechanical problem in the
nose gear.
b) many people survived in both accidents and this fact
was considered a miracle
c) the pilots tried to find a solution to the problem using
their own hands in the automatic aircraft.
d) the data recovered from Ethiopian Airliners and Lion
Air crashes revealed there were differences between
them.
101) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) In “Similarities between the two
incidents led aviation authorities around the world to ban
the use of 737 Max 8”, the underlined word is closest in
meaning to
a) allow
b) permit
c) forbid
d) suggest
102) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text all the
alternatives are correct, except:
Iceberg ruptures in Patagonia raise alarm about
global warming
Fabian Andres Cambero
Two new icebergs have broken off from the Grey
Glacier in Chile’s Patagonia in recent weeks. Scientists
have linked the increased frequency ice breaks to rising
temperature. According to Ricardo Jana, researcher and
member of the climate change area of the Chilean
Antartic Institute (INACH) “In recent years temperature
rises above the normal average and intense rainfall were
registered with an increase in water level in the lake,
factors that could explain the separation. Reseachers from
universities in Germany and Brazil, together with experts
from INACH and other local entities, have been studing
the Grey Glacier since 2015.
a) The low water level was registered by the scientists.
b) The cause of ice breaks can be the high temperatures.
c) Icebergs were separated from the Grey Glacier in Chile
recently.
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d) Researchers from some countries have been studying
this phenomena for many years.
Texto para as questões 103 – 105
Reasons why the Airbus A380 failed
On 14 February 2019, Airbus announced their A380s have
been cancelled, with production ending in 2021. After 12 years
of shaky business and development, its closure didn’t come as
a surprise. The dream is over for the world’ largest passenger
airliner. Why was the king of the airliners forced to land so
quikly? Here’s what happened:
• poor business planing finds itself at the heart of the
A380’s downfall. Most of all A380’ eggs were put in a basket
called Emirates, Airbus biggest buyer.
• bigger isn’t always better. With a wingspan of almost 80
meters was difficult to guide the giant four-turbine around
airports.
• airbus failed to antecipate how consumer’s tastes in air
travel would change over the years. Passengers nowadays
prefer smaller airports, using direct routes to their destinations.
• although a seating capacity of 800 may seem impressive
at first, it is not easy to fill them up, even when you give
discounts and make promotions.
Airbus A380’ closure perhaps teaches us all a lesson or two.
Dream big, but keep your feet on the ground.
Adapted from https://www.slashgerar.com.
103) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) In “... Dream big, but keep your
feet on the ground.”, the expression is closest in meaning
to: _______________________.
a) Be careful about your dreams
b) It’s possible to dream without consequences
c) Don’t do anything without be sure that it will work
d) Try to achieve your wishes being realistic and sensible
104) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) According to the text, choose the
alternative that best complete the sentence.
Airbus A380 _________________.
a) can land in all kinds of airports
b) is considered the largest cargo airliner
c) have many costumers among the other airliners
d) is so big that it is difficult to have enough passengers to
make it full
105) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) In”...Most of all the A380’s eggs
were put in a basket called Emirates(...)”, we can infer
that Airbus ______________.
a) is the Emirates’ best customer
b) have no other alternative left if Emirates fails
c) made investments on the open market for many years
d) put most of their efforts into Emirates, but have another
plans to get sucess
Texto para as questões 106 e 107
Diplomat
There are three main aspects to this profession: a diplomat
has to keep his country informed about pertinent international
events, promote a favorable image of his country and protect
his country’s interests.
Whoever is interested in a diplomatic career has to be
extremely familiar with political, economical, scientific,
cultural and administrative issues. To be a diplomat, it is
essential to have a good knowledge of English, not only the
conversational language, but also the technical terms in
international law and diplomacy itself.
 To follow this career, besides being fluently bilingual, one
needs a standard college education and has to take and do well
in the Rio Branco Institute examination in Brasilia.
English is so important in this career that in the first part of
this selection exam, the applicant has to demonstrate his or her
proficiency in the English language. Then, during the course,
foreign language classes become a priority, giving future
diplomats the necessary expertise to deal with the areas of
official correspondences, diplomatic negotiation and
international media.
Adapted from Inglês no mundo do trabalho.
106) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that:
A diplomat _______________.
a) doesn’t need a normal college education
b) must be familiar with English, but only in the
conversational language
c) doesn’t have to give much attention to foreign language
classes during the course
d) must have a comprehensive knowledge of political,
economical, scientific and administrative problems
107) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) In...“giving future diplomats the
necessary expertise to deal with”, the underlined word in
the text is closest in meaning to, EXCEPT:
a) Skill
b) knowledge
c) proficiency
d) unawareness
Texto para as questões 108 e 109
Oil contaminating Brazil’s beaches very likely from
Venezuela
Anna Jean Kaiser
Thick crude oil that has stained hundreds of miles of pristine
Brazilian beach in recent weeks probably originated in
Venezuela, the Brazilian government has said, in an accusation
likely to further strain relations between the two countries.
Brazilians authorities have been investigating the growing
disaster for more than a month, as the oil has spread to more
than 130 beaches across nine states.
Ricardo Salles, the country’s environment minister, told that a
study by Petrobrás had concluded that the oil “is very likely
from Venezuela. He said that a foreign ship near Brazil’s
coastline appeared to have caused the spill.
There was no immediate response from Venezuela.
Social media users have shared shocking images of the spill,
showing kilometers of white sand stained with oil blotches and
dead, oil-covered turtles and dolphins. One shows thick black
oil lapping up against a rocky jetty.
Adapted from The Guardian.
108) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that____________________.
a) The spill was caused by a domestic ship near Brazilian
beaches
b) No dolphins and turtles died according to the images
shared by the media
c) A dense and natural oil marked hundreds of miles of
clean beaches recently
d) The government is investigating to discover how many
beaches are involved in the disaster
77
109) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) The word “strain”, underlined in
the text, is closest in meaning to, EXCEPT:
a) close
b) tense
c) difficult
d) problematic
Texto para as questões 110 e 111
Singapore overtakes US as world’s most competitive
economy
Sherisse Pham
Singapore has knocked the United States out of the top spot
in the World Economic Forum’s annual competitiveness report.
The index takes stock of an economy’s competitive
landscape, measuring factors such as macroeconomic stability,
the infrastructure, the labor market and the innovation
capability.
Singapore pushed the world largest economy down to
second place this year. Hong Kong, the Netherlands and
Switzerland rounded out the top five. Hong Kong climbed four
spots from last year’s report, despite the political crisis taking
a toll on its economy. The financial hub received high marks
for its macroeconomic stability and financial system, but fell
short on its capability to innovate.
Adapted from CNN.com
110) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) The expression “taking a toll on
its economy”, in bold type in the text, means that it
_____________on the economy.
a) has a good impact
b) has a desired effect
c) has a very bad effect
d) has an unacceptable effect
111) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, choose the
correct alternative:
a) The United States won the best position in the World
Economic Forum.
b) The economy’s landscape is measured considering some
different factors.
c) The financial center increased its ability to use new
ideas and methods.
d) Hong Kong reached a lower position in the competition
due to the political crisis.
112) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that______________________.
Can you recognize your emotions?
If I ask you how you are feeling, you may answer:
“I’m feeling good, I’m fine”! But what does that “good”
or “fine” really mean? Would it mean fascinated, curious,
balanced, joyful, encouraged, hopeful, motivated, happy?
On the other hand you might also reply: “I’m feeling
bad”, and, then, recognize that you are feeling bored,
lonely, sorry, anxious, fearful, nervous, insecure or
frustrated.
The advantage of making such distinctions, rather than
feeling “good” or “bad” is that your emotions indicate
what you need to do to feel more satisfying.
For example, if you are angry with a person, you can
argue with him, you can request him to stop his offensive
behavior or you can avoid him. You have choices.
Recognize each of your emotions and pay attention to
what they are communicating to you.
Adapted from Inglês no mundo do trabalho.
a) Our emotions are divided only between good and bad
 b) It’s very easy to identify if our emotions are good or bad
c) You have no choice when you are annoyed with
somebody
d) Our emotions may indicate what we need to do to feel
happier
Texto para as questões 113 e 114
Diary: your life day by day
Most people consider diaries indispensable - a reminder of
what they have to do each day. This is especially true in the
professional world. A diary can help you keep track of your
agenda and make it easier for you to follow a planned schedule.
In this sense, it is similar to a notebook with dates in which you
write meetings and other things to remember. At school or at
work, diaries are very useful.
However, a diary can be more than a list of appointments: it
can be a secret record of private thoughts. People write these
diaries for different reasons: for fun or to read them years later.
“It makes you think and form an opinion on what you are
writing” - when you express your feelings and experiences, it’s
easier to overcome your problems; it’s like a therapy.
Nowadays, some people write e-diaries, called blogs or web
logs. “They open their hearts” to other people on the Net.
In fact, many people, famous or ordinary in fiction or in
real life, write diaries.
Adapted from Inglês de olho no mundo do trabalho.
113) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that:
A diary____________________.
a) is just useful to make a list of our compromises
b) can be considered essential to those people who use it
every day.
c) is better than a notebook, where people open their hearts
on the net
d) is used to write about our feelings, but it can’t help to
solve our problems
114) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) In…“A diary can help you keep
track of your agenda”, the underlined words are closest in
meaning to:
a) maintain your secret thoughts.
b) remember some events from the past.
c) continue to know what is going to happen.
d) have information about another people’s private life.
Texto para as questões 115 e 116
Corruption
People all over the world complain about the corruption of
police, government officials, and business leader. Three
examples of corruption are:
• a police officer takes money from a driver so he doesn’t
give the driver a ticket for speeding.
• a public official gives a government contract to a
company in which he, or she has a financial interest.
• a company that wants to do business with a government
agency offers public official money, or a gift to choose that
company for the job.
Some people feel that power promotes corruption and that
corruption is just an unavoidable part of human nature. But
everyone agrees that it’s a terrible problem all over the world.
Adapted from Top Noch.
115) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that___________________.
a) the corruption involves different classes of workers
b) government just deal with corruption company
78
c) all good business are related to the corruption
d) financial interests don’t matter to anyone
116) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that____________.
a) corruption is something related to power in everyone
opinion
b) money is offered to drivers in order to avoid a ticket for
speeding
c) people around the world used to complain about the
corruption of police
d) it’s possible to see people using their own interest to
deal with companies
Texto para as questões 117 e 118
The Printing Press
If you asked a large number of people what the most
important invention has been, many would say the printing
press. Others might say the wheel. But even though it’s
debatable whether the appearance of the printing press affects
the course of history more than the wheel. The printing press
ranks within the top two or three inventions in history. Long
before the telephone, the TV, the radio and the computer, the
written word was the only way to communicate ideas to people
too far away to talk with. Until the sixth or seventh century, all
books had to be written by hand. Creating a book was difficult,
and in comparison with today, very few books existed.
Therefore, very few people read books.”
Adapted from Top Noch.
117) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, choose the
best alternative________________.
a) the printing press invention was very important to the
course of history
b) the wheel was as important as the printing press
invention
c) the most important invention in the world was the wheel
d) the printing press is the top invention in the world
118) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can say
that_____________.
a) even in the last centuries, people used to write lots of
books
b) the printing press invention allowed people to write the
books by hand
c) just after the printing press, the TV, the radio, and the
computer were the new means of communication
d) nowadays, there are more readers than there used to be
in the earlier centuries like the sixth and the seventh
119) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) Choose the best alternative to
complete the text subsequently.
Many advertisements also contain a ________slogan
or a ________ to attract the consumer’s attention.
Effective slogans are usually short, easy to remember and
to repeat. Another technique for advertising is ________
commercials. It’s when a person, often a famous one,
shows up in ads and commercials. They speak on behalf
of a product and they promote from hygiene items to
financial institutions. Sponsors pay high ________ to
these “posters boys” because it’s been proved that
celebrities are a status symbol that not only play a role
model but can easily influence people.
Adapted from Grad Two.
a) catchy/ jingle/ endorsement/ fees
b) jingle/ catchy/ endorsement/ fees
c) catchy/ fees/ jingle/ endorsement
 d) jingle/ endorsement/ catchy/ fees
Texto para as questões 120 – 123
Mandela
Nelson Mandela has achieved many things, but his greatest
influence may be for something he didn’t do: run for a second
term as South Africa’s leader. As the first President of a post-
apartheid South Africa, he was, like George Washington, aware
that everything he did would be a model for those who would
follow. He once said, “I don’t want to be an octogenarian
President.”
What he really meant was that no man - not even one
unfairly imprisoned for 27 years - should be above the law or
the people. Mandela will remain perhaps the only figure on the
world stage who has been an unambiguous moral giant. He
could be considered a hero precisely because he always
admitted his errors and then tried to rise above them. And
never stop learning. He had to catch up on almost three decades
of social change, and one of the things he had to learn about
was AIDS. At first, this man didn’t have the most enlightened
view. But within a year-long before other, younger South
African leaders - he understood that AIDS was an enormous
tragedy for his country and his continent, and he saw it as
another moral challenge in a life of facing up to them. That’s a
moral leadership.
Adapted from Grad Two.
120) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) The word achieved, in bold type in
the text, is closest in meaning to:
a) failed
b) accorded
c) considered
d) accomplished
121) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) In... “he had to catch up on almost
three decades of social change...”, we can infer that
Mandela had to____________.
a) read many things about social change
b) inform their followers about social change
c) teach the society procedures
d) write about the social change
122) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that Nelson Mandela _________. EXCEPT:
a) used to like George Washington
b) was able to recognize his mistakes
c) has never intended to be above the law
d) knew he was an example for his followers
123) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, we can infer
that Mandela _______________. EXCEPT:
a) was a straight leader
b) could be considered a hero
c) was kept in prison for about 27 years
d) didn’t consider or face AIDS as an issue
Texto para as questões 124 e 125
Woman wins Picasso painting worth €1m in raffle
An Italian woman has won a painting by Pablo Picasso,
worth about €1m (£900,000; $1.1m), in a raffle after being
given the ticket as a gift.
The winning ticket was pulled out during a live draw at
Christie’s auction house in Paris.
The event, which was fundraising for Care charity, had
been postponed twice - first to sell more tickets, and then
because of coronavirus restrictions.
The prize painting, Nature Morte, is a still life from 1921.
79
It is a relatively small artwork - measuring 9in by 18in
(23cm by 46cm) - which shows a glass of absinthe and a
newspaper on a table.
In total €5.1m was raised for the charity by selling 51,000
raffle tickets at €100 each. About 29% of the tickets were sold
in France, followed by the US and Switzerland.
Organisers said that €4.2m of proceeds will go towards
clean water projects in schools and villages in Madagascar,
Morocco and Cameroon.
David Nahmad, the billionaire collector from Monaco who
supplied the Picasso painting, will be given €900,000. He also
donated €100,000 to Care, organisers said.
“Picasso would have loved an operation like this, because
he was someone with a lot of interest in humanitarian and
social causes,” sale organiser Peri Cochin told Reuters news
agency.
Adapted from www.bbc.com
124) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Choose the right alternative
according to the text.
a) Part of the money will help people in Europe and Asia.
b) Picasso would not be satisfied with this cause.
c) Christie’s auction house is in Rome.
d) 51,000 tickets were sold at €100.
125) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The meaning of “raffle” in the title
is:
a) The same as “for free”.
b) When you buy something very expensive.
c) A difficult operation that involves Picasso’s lecture.
d) A competition or game in which people buy numbered
tickets and can win prizes.
Texto para as questões 126 e 127
Flooding hits parts of Midwest, with evacuations in
Michigan
People living along two mid-Michigan lakes and parts of a
river were evacuated Tuesday following several days of heavy
rain that produced flooding and put pressure on dams in the
area.
Two Midland-area schools were opened for evacuees and
more than 50 roads have been closed. The evacuations in
Michigan followed days of heavy rains in parts of the Midwest
that also brought flooding to Chicago and other parts of
Illinois, as well as Ohio and other states.
“We were laying in bed when I heard sirens,” Jon St. Croix
told the Midland Daily News. “A fire truck was driving around,
broadcasting that (we needed) to evacuate. It’s a scary thing
— you’re sleeping and awake to sirens.”
St. Croix, 62, his wife and a next-door neighbor were
among more than a dozen people sheltering in one of the
schools. Their home was not flooded, but St. Croix said he had
seen flooding in the area.
Volunteers at the schools said about 120 vehicles were in
the parking lots and about 30 people had been staying on cots
inside, according to WNEM-TV.
126) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) According to the text, we can say
that:
a) The schools were working despite the evacuations.
b) During the night the Police asked people around to
evacuate.
c) One hundred and twenty volunteers have died because
of the flooding.
d) Because of the heavy rain people who lived around the
lakes area had to leave home.
127) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) “...broadcasting (...),” underlined in
the text is closest, in meaning to:
a) Transmitting
b) Causing
c) Following
d) Considering
128) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The closest meaning of the word
‘thoughtful’ is:
Home School Tips
Many schools around the world closed because of the
coronavirus. Parents must be a substitute teacher, and they
learn with their children at home. It is not an easy task.
Some parents expect that their children will work as
hard as they do in school. However, parents need to
understand that every child is different and works at
different speeds. It is important to be kind and
thoughtful.
It does not have to be boring to learn. It can be fun,
too. When parents teach their children math, they do not
need to sit at the table and work with a book. Children can
practice math during common activities such as baking or
dining.
Experts also say that it is important to communicate
with the school and teachers and to stay in contact with
school friends.
a) Mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way.
b) When you think about how you can help other people.
c) In need of rest or sleep.
d) Feeling frightened.
Texto para as questões 129 e 130
Hero pilot safely lands passenger plane with no front
wheels as sparks fly from nose of jet
A pilot safely landed a passenger plane without using its
front wheels after they failed to deploy on arrival at the airport.
Video footage of the emergency touchdown showed sparks
flying from the nose of the aircraft as it slid along the runway
in Myanmar.
None of the 82 passengers and seven flight crew were
injured during the incident at Mandalay International Airport.
Myanmar National Airlines said in a statement that the
pilot, Captain Myat Moe Aung, was alerted to the problem by
the plane’s Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
(EICAS).
He informed the control tower and tried a backup
emergency procedure to pull down the wheels on the Brazilian-
made Embraer 190-LR.
The pilot then carried out two fly-bys of the runway to
allow air controllers to check visually whether the landing gear
had deployed.
After dumping fuel to reduce the landing weight, he
brought the aircraft in to land on its rear wheels before the nose
slowly tipped down to make contact with the runway at 9.09am
on Sunday.
“The pilot did a great job,” said Win Khant, permanent
secretary of transportation and telecommunication ministry.
A video posted online by one of the passengers showed
smoke spreading through the plane before they evacuated the
aircraft.
Several of the passengers were smiling as they walked
away from the plane.
80
Flight operations at the airport were suspended for several
hours as a result of the incident, which is now under
investigation.
“Myanmar national airlines would like to thank all
passengers and our crew on board,” the company said in a
statement.
Last week a Biman Bangladesh Airlines plane skidded off
the runway after landing in bad weather in Yangon. At least 15
crew and passengers were injured.
129) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The correct information from the
text is:
a) The name of the Captain is Myat Musk Aung.
b) There were 82 passengers and eight flight crew.
c) The passengers were scared when leaving the plane.
d) On Sunday it was made the contact with the runway.
130) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) It is possible to infer from the title
that:
a) Landing a plane without front wheels is not safe.
b) The kind of airplane was a cargo aircraft.
c) The nose of a jet is not a part of the plane.
d) The action of the pilot was normal.
Texto para as questões 131 e 132
Anne With an E fans wage digital war with Netflix over
cancellation
Anne Shirley, the outspoken orphan who first appeared in
Lucy Maud Montgomery’s 1908 novel, Anne of Green Gables,
has since appeared in countless movies and television spinoffs
– and built a loyal global following. So it should probably
come as little surprise that fans of the show’s latest remake –
the TV series Anne With an E – are fiercely protective of their
heroine. And like Anne, they’re willing to fight for what they
believe in
The shows coproducers, Netflix and CBC, announced that
the drama would be cancelled after three seasons. “People were
outraged. The cast and the crew were also blindsided by it,”
said Lisa E, a Toronto-based organizer with AWAE Fan
Projects. “Everyone loves the show obviously. They just
couldn’t believe it.” The day after the announcement, a group
of fans took to Twitter with rallying cry: renew the show. The
group’s most successful – and most controversial – campaign
has been a digital, guerilla-style battle against the two
companies.
Adapted from
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/22/anne-withan-
e-show-cancelled-angry-fans
131) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The word “blindsided”, in bold in
the text, could be replaced by all the words below,
EXCEPT:
a) surprised
b) irritated
c) shocked
d) flabbergasted
132) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) According to the text:
a) Anne with an E fans started crying when they
discovered the show would be canceled.
b) Like the heroine of the show, Anne’s fans fought for
their beliefs, as they were outraged by the show’s
cancellation.
c) Fans guerrilla fight for the show was successful, and the
next season of the show will be called “Anne of Green
Gables”.
 d) Although the actors of the show knew from the 136) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) According to the text, choose the
beginning it would only last 3 seasons, they were correct alternative:
devasted by the way the series ended. The World’s strangest laws
Texto para as questões 133 e 134 1. You can’t call a pig Napoleon in France.
Brazilian airforce airlifted 4 Polish citizens from the 2. It is illegal to die in the Houses of Parliament.
coronavirus-stricken Chinese city Wuhan 3. In Miami, Florida, you mustn’t skateboard in a police
The President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, has aided Poland station.
by helping to evacuate 4 Polish citizens from the 4. In London, you don’t have to pay to take a flock of
Coronavirus-stricken Chinese city Wuhan. A Brazilian air sheep across London Bridge.
force plane landed in Warsaw to drop the 4 Poles off, after 5. In Florida, unmarried women can’t parachute on
which it continued its journey from Wuhan to Brazil. A total of Sundays.
34 Brazilians were quarantined for 18 days after returning back 6. It’s illegal to play golf on the streets of New York.
home. 7. In Kentucky the law still says that everyone must have
133) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The verb “aided”, in bold in the a bath at least once a year.
text, is closest in meaning to: 8. In seventeenth-century Russia, you couldn’t grow a
a) Cured beard unless you paid a special tax.
b) Helped 9. In fifteenth-century England, it was illegal for men to
c) Fought wear a moustache.
d) Rescued 10. In the USA in the eighteenth century, bars couldn’t
134) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) According to the text: sell soda water on Sundays.
a) Jair Bolsonaro flew a plane himself to rescue 4 Polish From the book Practical Grammar John Hughes and Ceri
citizens from Wuhan, besides the 34 Brazilians already Jones
rescued. a) In Kentucky, the law says that everyone should have a
b) Bolsonaro refused to rescue Polish citizens from Wuhan bath at least once a year.
stating that the airplane was full with 34 Brazilians in it. b) It’s allowed to play soccer on the streets of New York.
c) The airplane used to rescue 4 Polish citizens stopped in c) In the USA, bars must sell soda water on Sundays.
Warsaw so to that these citzens could leave. d) In France, it is not allowed to call a pig Napoleon.
d) Four Polish citzens were evacuated from Warsaw by a Texto para as questões 137 e 138
Brazilian air force plane. The Last Kingdom
135) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) The word “void”, in bold in the The Last Kingdom is a contemporary story of redemption,
text, is closest in meaning to vengeance and self-discovery set against the birth of England.
The series combines real historical figures and events with
Shallow fiction, retelling the history of King Alfred the Great and his
Lady Gaga desire to unite the many separate kingdoms into what would
Tell me something, girl become England.
Are you happy in this modern world? Set in the 9th century AD, many of the separate kingdoms
Or do you need more? of what we now know as England have fallen to the invading
Is there something else you’re searching for? Vikings, only the great Kingdom of Wessex stands defiant
I’m falling under its visionary King Alfred the Great. It is the last
In all the good times kingdom. Against this turbulent backdrop lives Uhtred. Born
I find myself longing for change the son of a Saxon nobleman, he is orphaned by the Vikings
And in the bad times I fear myself and then kidnapped and raised as one of their own. Forced to
Tell me something, boy choose between the country of his birth and the people of his
Aren’t you tired trying to fill that void? upbringing, his loyalties are ever tested. What is he — Saxon
Or do you need more? or Viking? On a quest to claim his birthright, Uhtred must tread
Ain’t it hard keeping it so hardcore? a dangerous path between both sides if he is to play his part in
I’m falling the birth of a new nation and, ultimately, recapture his ancestral
In all the good times lands.
I find myself longing for change The Last Kingdom is a show of heroic deeds and epic
And in the bad times I fear myself battles but with a thematic depth that embraces politics,
I’m off the deep end, watch as I dive in religion, warfare, courage, love, loyalty and our universal
I’ll never meet the ground search for identity. Combining real historical figures and
Crash through the surface events with fictional characters, it is the story of how a people
Where they can’t hurt us combined their strength under one of the most iconic kings of
We’re far from the shallow now history in order to reclaim their land for themselves and build a
https://www.letras.mus.br/lady-gaga/shallow-feat-bradley- place they call home.
cooper/ Adapted from https://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/the-last-
a) Meaningful kingdom/about
b) emptiness
c) fullness
d) solid

81
137) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) According to the text: c) Finish.
a) Although the series shows many brave actions and d) Over.
battles, it also includes deeper topics. 141) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) Memories
b) The main character, Uhtred, is often tested, which Maroon 5
makes the series repetitive and in need of identity. Chorus:
c) When combining real events with fiction, the series only Here’s to the ones that we got
real strength lies in the character of King Alfred the Cheers to the wish you were here, but you’re not
Great. ‘Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
d) The show focuses on great battles and lacks depth when Of everything we’ve been through
representing the characters. Toast to the ones here today
138) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) Mark the alternative that LACKS Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
the correct synonym for the underlined word. ‘Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
a) On a quest to claim his birthright, Uhtred must tread a And the memories bring back, memories bring back you
dangerous path (...) – walk There’s a time that I remember, when I did not know no
b) (...) only the great Kingdom of Wessex stands defiant pain
under its visionary King Alfred the Great – refusing to When I believed in forever, and everything would stay the
obey same
c) The Last Kingdom is a contemporary story of Now my heart feel like December when somebody say
redemption, vengeance and self-discovery set against your name
the birth of England. – revenge ‘Cause I can’t reach out to call you, but I know I will one
d) (...) it is the story of how a people combined their day, yeah
strength under one of the most iconic kings of history in Everybody hurts sometimes
order to reclaim their land for themselves and build a Everybody hurts someday,
place they call home. – give back But everything gon’ be alright
139) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) Life on a desert island. Go and raise a glass and say,
Alexander,L.G. Chorus
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life There’s a time that I remember when I never felt so lost
on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island When I felt all of the hatred was too powerful to stop
to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life (ooh, yeah)
there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees Now my heart feel like an ember and it’s lighting up the
and you never have to work. There is also the other side dark
of the picture: Life on a desert island is wretched - you I’ll carry these torches for ya that you know I’ll never
either starve to death or live like Robison Crusoe waiting drop, yeah
for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element Everybody hurts sometimes
of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the Everybody hurts someday,
opportunity to find out. But everything gon’ be alright
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral Go and raise a glass and say,
island whished they had stayed there no longer. They Chorus
were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands Choose the alternative that contains a word from the song
to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their meaning “a piece of wood or coal, etc. that continues to
boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber burn after a fire has no more flames”.
dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed a) ember
for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at b) hatred
a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the c) same
island and there was no water to drink, but this didn’t d) raise
prove to be a problem since the men collected rain-water 142) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) The lion and the four bulls
in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun Clarke, M.
with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and A lion used to walk about a field in which four bulls
fish every day, and, as one of them put it, “ate like kings”. lived. Many times he tried to attack them, but whenever
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both he came near, they turned their tails toward one another
men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave. so that whichever way the lion tried to attack, he would
New concept English. Developing skills: an integrated have to face the horns of one of them.
course for intermediate students. At last, however, the bulls started arguing with each
The men on the island didn’t go thirsty because they: other, and each went off to a different part of the field by
a) had plenty of ripe fruit. himself. Then the lion attacked them one by one and soon
b) could drink rain-water. had killed all four
c) were at a coral island. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press,
d) had a spear gun. 1996.p.138
140) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) In the sentence “You can start a The messsage of the text can be summarized as:
conversation just by saying...”, the opposite of start is: a) Necessity is the mother of invention.
a) Purpose. b) You must take the bull by the horns.
b) Initiate. c) United we stand, divided we fall.

82
 d) Only the strong survive 146) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) The word “panned”, in bold in the
143) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) Metal airplane part seems to fall text, could NOT be replaced by:
from plane into Arizona family’s backyard ‘Emily in Paris’ star says he partly understands why
An Arizona couple discovered what appeared to be a critics panned the ‘cliché’ Netflix show
metal plate from an airplane in their backyard last week. Despite being a huge hit for Netflix, critics across the
Charlie and Jaclyn High of Phoenix found the white board (particularly French critics) have slammed the show
metal piece, which had fallen in their backyard, on for indulging in outdated and offensive stereotypes that
Friday, CBS5 reported. present Parisians as rude, sexist, and elitist.
“I kind of looked around to see if there was anything The main love interest in Netflix’s controversial
else, like another piece, or something else other than that, comedy “Emily in Paris” said he partly understands why
with writing on it. It looks like it’s from an airplane, and critics have panned the show. “I think they’re right in a
you think, oh man, that’s crazy,” Jaclyn told the outlet. way,” Lucas Bravo, who plays chef Gabriel in the show,
According to images shared with CBS5, the metal piece said during an interview with Cosmopolitan.
seems to be part of the airplane lavatory. The 32-year-old French actor continued: “At some
Adapted from https://www.foxnews.com/travel/arizona- point, if you want to tell a story about Paris, you have to
metal-piece-airplane-backyard. choose an angle. You have to choose a vision. French
In the sentence “Charlie and Jaclyn High of Phoenix critics, they didn’t understand the fact that it’s just one
found the white metal piece, which had fallen in their vision. They’re like, ‘Oh, this is not what Paris is.’ Of
backyard, on Friday, CBS5 reported.”, in bold in the text, course. Paris is many things.”
choose the alternative that contains a verb connected to Adapted from https://www.insider.com/emily-in-paris-
the action that happened first. star-lucas-bravo-understands-netflix-show-criticism-
a) piece 2020-10.
b) found a) condemned
c) fallen b) criticized
d) reported c) attacked
Texto para as questões 144 e 145 d) praised
Insomnia Texto para a questão 147
Insomnia is the most common of all sleep complaints. Perfect
Almost everyone has occasional sleepless nights, perhaps due Ed Sheeran
to stress, heartburn or drinking too much caffeine or alcohol. (...)‘Cause we were just kids
Insomnia is a lack of sleep that occurs on a regular or frequent When we fell in love
basis, often for no apparent reason. Not knowing what it was
How much sleep is enough varies. Although 7 1/2 hours of I will not give you up this time
sleep is about average, some people do fine on 4 or 5 hours of But darling, just kiss me slow
sleep. Other people need 9 or 10 hours a night. Your heart is all I own
Inability to get a good night’s sleep can affect not only your And in your eyes you’re holding mine
energy level and mood but your health as well because sleep
helps bolster your immune system. Fatigue, at any age, leads to Baby, I’m dancing in the dark
diminished mental alertness and concentration. Lack of sleep is With you between my arms
linked to accidents both on the road and on the job. Barefoot on the grass
About one out of three people have insomnia sometime in Listening to our favorite song
their life. Sleeplessness may be temporary or chronic. You When you said you looked a mess
don’t necessarily have to live with sleepless nights. Some I whispered underneath my breath
simple changes in your daily routine and habits may result in But you heard it, darling
better sleep. You look perfect Tonight
144) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) The text contains information on: Well I found a woman, stronger
a) The different intellectual activities which may keep a Than anyone I know
person’s mind too busy to sleep. She shares my dreams
b) The effects of sleep problems on people’s body and I hope that someday I’ll share her home’(...)
mind. 147) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Choose the alternative that contains
c) The activities that help promote a good night’s sleep. a word meaning “not wearing any shoes or socks”.
d) The food that is necessary to eat to sleep better. a) Underneath
145) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) According to the text, we can NOT b) Whispered
infer that: c) Barefoot
a) Changing some everyday habits can be a step to d) Odds
improve sleep quality. 148) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The correct information from the
b) A large number of people suffer from occacional text is:
sleepless nights. World Knowledge
c) Difficulty in concentration can be a consequence of lack France is the most popular country to visit. It has
of sleep. about 76 million visitors a year.
d) Insomnia will necessarily lead to chronic sleepless China has the greatest number of stores in the world.
nights. There are over 19 million stores.

83
 Lake Baikal in Russia is the deepest lake on earth. It’s
1,637 meters deep.
Tokyo Disneyland is the world’s most popular
amusement park. It has over 25 million visitors a year.
The longest nonstop flight is from New York to
Singapore. It’s 18 hours long.
The busiest airport in the world is London Heathrow,
with over 55 million passengers a year.
Canada has the longest coastline of any country on
earth. It’s 243,792 kilometers long.
Easter Island is the world’s most isolated island. It’s
about 3,700 kilometers from the South American
continent.
From the book Interchange
a) The flight from China to Sigapore is the longest
nonstop.
b) London Heahrow is the busiest airport in the world.
c) Canada has the most popular amusement park.
d) The deepest lake on earth is Easter Island.
Texto para as questões 149 – 151
How many kisses?
You must remember this: you were going in for a double
European - style greeting kiss with a friend who was expecting
only a single cheek peck. It’s an awkward question that
constantly creates trouble for traveleres: How many times
should you pucker up? Here’s a handy guide:
One: A single buss is acceptable in the U.S., but it’s mostly
a big-city, phenomenon. Women will give a brief hug, while
men shake hands. In the Middle East, one kiss on the lips is a
normal greeting, but not between men and women.
Two: Double up in Spain, Austria, Sweden, Hungary and,
more recently, in Britain.
Three or more: Triple kisses will work in Egypt, Russia,
Switzerland and the Netherlands. Business in Belgium? Three
kisses are a sign of respect for those at least 10 years older than
you. Pack your lip balm in France; many people still insist on
four kisses.
Keep your lips to yourself: Germans rarely greet with a
kiss. In Chile, opt for a handshake. Skip the kiss and bow or
shake hands instead when visiting Japan, China and Korea.
Time, March 15, 2004, p.63.
149) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) According to the text, one kiss on
the lips is a normal greeting in:
a) The Middle East.
b) Switzerland.
c) Russia.
d) Spain.
150) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The text informs that kissing a
friend’s face:
a) Is a sign of respect with olders in Netherlands.
b) In Austria, means triple kisses.
c) Is not a habit in Japan.
d) Is okay in Chile.
151) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) According to the text, choose the
alternative that is NOT correct.
a) In the U.S: women give a brief hug, men shake hands.
b) Greeting kiss is an easy task for travelers.
c) In Switzerland, triple kisses will work.
d) Germans seldom greet with a kiss.
84
152) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The word “fussing” in bold type
means:
We can work it out
The Beatles
“Life is very short, and there’s no time for fussing and
fighting, my friend.”
a) To give too much attention to small matters that are not
important.
b) Not willing to work or use any effort.
c) Feeling very happy and enthusiastic.
d) Tired and wanting to sleep.
Texto para a questão 153
Building on a breakthrough: Firm hoping to extend range
of hydrogen-powered plane
The firm behind the world’s first hydrogen-electric
powered passenger plane flight is hoping to extend the range of
the aircraft by the end of the year.
ZeroAvia made the breakthrough by completing a 15-
minute flight at an airfield in southern England last month.
“It is not the future, it’s reality,” Sergey Kiselev,
ZeroAvia’s European chief told Euronews in an interview on
Thursday, referring to hydrogen-powered planes. “We are
working on expanding the range of the reach of the aircraft. By
the end of the year, this exact aircraft will be able to fly about
300 nautical miles.”
It is hoped ZeroAvia’s maiden flight will be the first step in
making one of the most polluting industries green.
“The only emission from this aeroplane in flight is water
vapour,” said Val Miftakhov, CEO and founder of ZeroAvia,
back in September.
“We also have a fueling infrastructure set up that ensures
zero-emission production of hydrogen itself. It’s clean, it’s less
noisy, and they will be able to fly without feeling guilty for
flying.”
https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/22/building-on-a-
breakthrough-firmhoping-to-extend-range-of-hydrogen-
powered-plane.
153) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The word “breakthrough”, on the
title of the text, could be best substituted by:
a) an important discovery.
b) a major problem.
c) a big step-back.
d) a hope.
154) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) According to the text:
Flying with a Dog? Here’s What You Need to Know
The choice to take your dog in the cabin with you
versus traveling in the cargo hold will often be decided
for you by the size of the animal and the airline’s policy.
Some airlines restrict the total number of pets allowed on
any given flight, and these spots are usually parceled out
on a first-come, first-served basis—so you will want to
book early.
Expect to pay a fee to fly with your dog. Current
standard fees range from around $75 to $200 each way,
and can go up to several hundred dollars for larger dogs
that must be transported on cargo planes.
If at all possible, choose a direct flight. As tough as
flying is on a dog, especially in the cargo hold, submitting
them to even longer travel times plus multiple encounters
with baggage handling can easily go sideways. My family
flew cross-country with our dog several years ago, and
had purchased direct flights, but due to aircraft problems
 on the way home had to switch to a connecting itinerary.
During our connection in St. Louis, we watched
helplessly through the airport windows as a baggage
hander in St. Louis let our dog’s travel crate nearly free-
fall onto the tarmac. When we picked her up at our home
airport, the crate was shattered and the dog significantly
traumatized.
https://www.smartertravel.com/flying-with-a-dog/
a) The choice to take your dog in the cabin with you
versus traveling in the cargo hold will often be decided
for you mostly by the size of the animal and will have
almost zero connection to the airline’s policy.
b) The choice to take your dog in the cabin with you
versus traveling in the cargo hold will often be decided
for you both by the size of the animal and the airline’s
policy.
c) The choice to take your dog in the cabin with you
versus traveling in the cargo hold will often be decided
for you either by the size of the animal or the airline’s
policy.
d) The choice to take your dog in the cabin with you
versus traveling in the cargo hold will often be decided
for you neither by the size of the animal or the airline’s
policy.
Texto para as questões 155 e 156
Job Search Tips
1. You should tell all your friends that you are looking for a
job.
2. You’d better not quit your present job before you find a new
one.
3. You shoudn’t tell your boss that you are looking for a new
job.
4. You ought to apply for several jobs at once.
5. You shoudn’t immediately ask an interviewer about job
benefits.
6. You should always give the interviewer accurate salary
information.
155) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The word “accurate” in bold type
means:
a) Able to give completely correct information.
b) Able to give completely wrong information.
c) To express the fact that you are surprised.
d) To increase over a period of time.
156) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) According to the tips:
a) Sharing with your friends about your job search is not a
good idea.
b) You ought to keep your present job during your search.
c) Asking about benefits right away sounds good.
d) You should apply for just one job.
Texto para a questão 157
ICE AGE
Ice Age is an animated movie about a story that took place
20,000 thousand years ago. At that time, everything was
covered in ice. The movie follows the path of a mammoth, a
sabertooth tiger and a sloth after they encounter an Eskimo
baby and decide to protect it from the cold and other animals.
Diego, the tiger, had attacked the tribe to get the baby
eskimo but was not successful. Other tigers were unhappy with
Diego because of his incompetence to get the baby, who is now
with Manfred, the mammoth, and Sid, the sloth. Eventually the
three animals get together, although with very different
85
agendas, and form a friendship bond while taking care of the
human baby
The movie also features a squirrel desperately trying to
bury an acorn without success. This squirrel has such a
distinctive personality that we can only hope he’ll star in his
own movie someday.
157) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Choose a sentence in which the
word “agenda” is used correctly and with the same
meaning it has on the text
a) She told me the travel agency will give the travelers an
agenda describing the different places they will go and
things they will see.
b) I got a very beautiful blue agenda as a gift from my dad.
c) There were several important items on the agenda.
d) There’s no hidden agenda, I’m just trying to help.
Texto para a questão 158
NOBODY does it better
Mark Powell
The James Bond movies are the longest-running, highest
grossing film series in history. Current turnover stands at over
$6 billion. In fact, the combined earnings of Star Wars and Star
Trek series and the most successful single film ever, Gone with
the Wind, still fall $750 million short of Bond at the box office.
Bond is also the most profitable film series ever. The
special effects may cost much more these days, but the films
still enjoy 30% profit margins, not including merchandising.
Even Stephen Spielberg’s blockbusters ET, Jurassic Park and
the Indiana Jones trilogy can’t compete.
Bond appeal on men and women, adults and children alike.
From Russia with Love was one of President Kennedy’s top
ten favourite books, but James Bond is no longer just a
Hollywood hero; he’s a bestselling brand. Although the actor
playing Bond has changed several times over the last forty
years, and although there are no Ian Fleming novels on which
to base the films, the series goes on and on.
The film business is risky - seven out of ten movies lose
money. But brand awareness of Bond is so strong that even
people who don’t like films instantly recognise the Bond
music, fast cars and glamorous women. They know that James
takes his vodka Martini “shaken not stirred”.
And then there is Bond himself - certainly the key factor in
007’s commercial success. With so much money at stake, the
choice of a new Bond always makes front-page news. Not
everyone agreed in 1962 with the decision to choose a virtually
unknown Sean Connery as James Bond, and Connery was only
paid $7000 for Dr No, but it was perhaps one of he best
recruitment decisions ever made. And the rest, as they say, is
history.
POWEL, Mark. In Company Intermediate. Macmillan.
158) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) According to the text, write T for
true or F for false, then choose the alternative with the
right sequence.
( ) Gone with the wind made more money than The
James Bond movies.
( ) There are movies that were as profitable as The
James Bond movies.
( ) The character itself, 007, is a key factor for the
success.
( ) There are no more books to make movies about.
a) F - F - T - T
b) T - F - F - T
c) T - T - F - F
 d) F - T- T - F
Texto para a questão 159
JUST GET RID OF IT
Chirs Redston and Gillie Cunningham
Is your home full of stuff you never use? If so, the time has
come to get rid of all your junk and create a peaceful, relaxed
atmosphere in your home.
• Give yourself at least two hours to clear out a room.
• Make space on the floor and empty all the cupboards and
drawers.
• Sort out the things you haven’t used for six months and
make three piles: 1) things to give away 2) things to throw
away 3) things to keep.
• Put the first and second piles into separate rubbish bags
and take them out of the room.
• Allow yourself one junk drawer in each room for the stuff
you can’t decide about.
• Tidy up the room and put everything away, then sit down
and enjoy the calm and space you have created.
And here’s how to stop all your junk coming back.
• Before you buy anything, ask yourself: Have I got
something similar? Do I need it? Where will I put it?
• When you buy something new, always throw something
else out.
• Go through the cupboards and drawers in a different room
every month and throw away anything you don’t need.
REDSTON, C.; CUNNINGHAM, G. Face2face Intermediate.
Cambridge: Cambrige University Press, 2006.
159) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) What can you affirm according to
the text?
a) You have to throw away anything you don’t use.
b) You are allowed to accumulate junk if you want to.
c) It doesn’t take you many hours to clear out a room.
d) You don’t have to clean rooms often, if you keep them
organized.
160) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Choose the alternative which has
the same meaning as the following sentence.
“I saw Ian in town but he cut me dead.”
a) I saw Ian in town but he was in a hurry.
b) I saw Ian in town but he ignored me.
c) I saw Ian in town but he was sick.
d) I saw Ian in town but he was dying.
161) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Sara is a very distracted girl, only
when she got home last Friday, she realised that she’d
forgotten her keys at home. What happened first?
a) First she got home.
b) First she forgot her keys.
c) First she realised her mistake.
d) First she left her workplace.
Texto para as questões 162 e 163
Before you go....
A checklist for international travelers
Joan Saslow and Allen Ascher
Vaccinations
You may be required to get vaccinated before you are
allowed to enter certain countries. Check the immunization
requirements of the country you are visiting. The farther “off
the beaten path” you travel, the more important it is to be
protected from illness and disease.
Eyewear
86
If you wear glasses or contact lenses, get a copy of your
prescription before you go. Carry it with you in case you break
or lose your eyewear. Or be sure to carry an extra pair with
you.
Medications
Talk to your doctor before your trip. Your doctor may be
able to write a prescription for extra medication or give you
tips for staying healthy while traveling. Buy and pack a supply
of all medications you take regularly. Carry your medications
in your carry-on bags. If you lose your luggage, you will still
have them.
Dental Care
There’s nothing more frightening than having a toothache
when you’re far from home. Have a dental check-up before you
leave on a long trip to avoid any problems.
Top Notch 3 - Pearson Longman
162) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) The expression “off the beaten
path”, in the text, means
a) a place that is not well known and is far from the places
people usually visit.
b) a place people are only allowed to travel when they
cover their tracks.
c) a touristic place which receives many visitors every
year.
d) a place you hadn’t planned to visit.
163) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) According to the text, choose the
right alternative.
a) You must be vaccinated to travel overseas.
b) Doctors’ advice can help you stay healthy during your
trip.
c) You can only travel abroad if you take an extra pair of
glasses with you.
d) Going to the dentist after your trip can prevent you from
a toothache when traveling.
164) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) According to the graph, we can
infer
a) our upbringing doesn’t interfere in the way we see
happiness.
b) our parents genetics have no influence on our happiness.
c) a big portion of your happiness is within your control.
d) the place where we live, our marital status and income
define our happiness.
165) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) José went to a Rock in Rio concert
many years ago, there he met Ana. They’ve been married
for 2 years now. Believe it or not, he didn’t really want to
go to that concert, his friends convinced him at the time.
What would have happened if he hadn’t gone to Rock in
Rio?
 a) He would meet his friends if he went to the concert. The remnants of Hurricane Ida have killed dozens of
b) He won’t meet his wife if he doesn’t go to that concert. people as they brought relentless rain, causing New York
c) He wouldn’t meet his wife if he didn’t go to that City and New Jersey to declare states of emergency.
concert.
d) He wouldn’t have met his wife if he hadn’t gone to that
concert.
166) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) We use WISH when we want
something to be true although we know it is either
impossible or unlikely. Choose the alternative with a
correct example of its use.

a) Dependent on something or someone.

b) Strict, cruel, or determined, without ever stopping.
c) Directly relating to the subject or problem being
a) I wish my mother is here with me. discussed.
b) I wish I can speak Spanish. d) A feeling of comfort when something frightening has
c) I wish time travel exists. ended.
d) I wish I were younger. 170) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Read the meme below, what causes
167) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Relate the columns considering the it to be humorous?
idea they are expressing, then choose the alternative with
the right sequence.
(1) My sister broke her tooth, she must be feeling a lot of
pain.
(2) He may want to be on his own for a while.
(3) That can’t be her real hair color.
( ) It refers to something we believe is true.
( ) It refers to something we believe isn’t true.
( ) It refers to something we think is possibly true.
a) 3 - 1 - 2
b) 1 - 3 - 2
a) The person who wrote it is a psycho.
c) 2 - 3 - 1
b) The person is talking about things he/she enjoys.
d) 3 - 2 - 1
c) The person who likes cooking has outstanding writing
168) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Read the meme below, what can
skills.
you affirm about it?
d) It has a punctuation problem, so there’s ambiguity in the
sentence.
171) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) According to the text, write T for
true and F for false. Then, choose the alternative which
corresponds to the correct sequence.
Vegetarianism: The Basic Facts
Contributors: Sarah Klemm, RDN, CD, LDN
Published August 18, 2021
There are several types of vegetarians. Some eat dairy
foods, others may choose to include eggs, while others
abstain entirely from any food product that comes from an
animal. One thing they all have in common, though, is
they rely primarily on plant-based foods for their
nutritional needs.
The decision to adopt a meat-free diet can be a
a) Only recently people have started making visual
complex choice. People of all ages and backgrounds
registers of their meals.
choose to be vegetarians and for a variety of reasons.
b) Taking pictures of your food is a curious modern habit.
Types of Vegetarians
c) People have taken pictures of their food for a long time.
A lacto-ovo vegetarian consumes milk and other dairy
d) People 500 years ago didn’t like images of their food.
products, eggs, grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts and
169) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Choose the correct definition of the
seeds. Whereas a lacto-vegetarian follows a similar eating
word relentless.
pattern but does not eat eggs. Meanwhile, a vegan avoids
Ida: Pictures show aftermath of storm that has killed
all animal-based products. In addition to meat, this
dozens of people
includes eggs, milk and dairy products. Some vegans also
Samuel Osborne
do not eat honey.
Thursday 2 September 2021 23:08, UK
(...)

87
 Adapted from
https://www.eatright.org/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-
special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts
( ) Vegans choose not to eat foods related to animals,
including milk and eggs.
( ) People only become vegetarians because they worry
about animals.
( ) Eating eggs is the only difference between lacto-ovo
vegetarians and vegans.
( ) Vegetarians depend on plant-based foods to provide
the nutrients they need.
a) F - T - F - T
b) F - F - T – T
c) T - T - F - F
d) T - F - F - T
172) (EEAr BTC 1. 2022) Read the sentences below, write T
for true or F for false, then choose the correct alternative.
Holiday reviews
Alan’s holiday
Chirs Redston and Gillie Cunningham
My holiday began when I arrived at the medical center
in Cape Town. I had my operation the next day and it
went very well, I’m glad to say. However, I had to spend
the next five days inside, which is quite difficult when
you’re on a holiday. But you need to be patient - you
can’t just sit in the sun after having a facelift. The second
week I just relaxed by the pool. In the third week I went
on a safari, which was definitely the best thing about the
holiday. We saw lots of lions and other wild animals, but
we were never in any danger. We stayed in a guest house
in the jungle, which was extremely comfortable. The staff
were very kind and helpful, and it was fantastic being
surrounded by nature. I’d definitely come back again and
I’m sure this kind of holiday will increase in popularity as
more people worry about their health and appearance.
( ) Going on holiday to improve your appearance is
something very popular.
( ) The only purpose of his trip was relaxing and going
on a safari.
( ) He didn’t have to deal with many inconveniences.
( ) Overall, he had a positive experience.
a) T - T - F - F
b) F - F - T - T
c) T - F - F - T
d) F - T - T – F
173) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the comic, choose the
alternative that is incorrect.
a) The sentence on the wall was gramatically incorrect.
b) The woman corrected the phrase written on the wall.
c) It’s OK to vandalise walls if there is a grammar mistake.
88
d) The police officer says it is not legal to use paint for
correcting phrases on street walls.
Texto para as questões 174 e 175
La Palma volcano eruptions shut airport and force more
evacuations
Source: TRTWorld and agencies
The Cumbre Vieja volcano is seen from Los Llanos de
Aridane on the Canary island of La Palma, September 25,
2021.
Rivers of lava raced down the Cumbre Vieja volcano and
exploded high into the air overnight on the Spanish island of
La Palma and the airport was closed as an eruption intensified
and entered its most explosive phase so far.
Since it began erupting on Sunday on the small island in the
Atlantic, volcano has spewed out thousands of tons of lava,
destroyed hundreds of houses and forced the evacuation of
nearly 6,000 people.
Authorities said on Saturday that the 160 people evacuated
from three more towns on Friday would not be able to return to
their homes to retrieve their belongings because of the
“evolution of the volcanic emergency”.
Experts said the volcano had entered a new explosive
phase.
“Volcanic surveillance measurements carried out since the
beginning of the eruption recorded the highest-energy activity
so far during Friday afternoon,” emergency services said in a
statement on Friday evening.
Spanish airport operator Aena said on Saturday the island’s
airport had been closed. “La Palma airport is inoperative due to
ash accumulation. Cleaning tasks have started, but the situation
may change at any time”.
Adapted from https://www.trtworld.com/europe/la-palma-
volcano-eruptions-shut-airport-force-more-evacuations-50241.
Access on October 25th, 2021.
174) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Choose the alternative in which the
prefixes and/or suffixes are formed in the same way as the
following words from the text, respectively: explosive -
volcanic - surveillance – inoperative
a) achieve - irony - contact - excuse
b) include - ocean - maintain - sense
c) eat - pathology - persevere - respond
d) construct - period - manoeuvre - nature
175) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the text, it is correct
to affirm that
a) the airport of La Palma Island was closed because it had
been covered with volcano ashes.
b) specialists are measuring the amount of lava that has
been spewed from the volcano.
c) only around 160 people will be able to go back to their
homes due to the emergency.
d) more than 6,000 people had been evacuated until
September 25th.
Texto para as questões 176 e 177
Turtle’s walk delays planes at Tokyo airport
There are many reasons for delays at airports. Sometimes
it’s bad weather, sometimes it’s a technical problem, and other
times it’s a passenger who is late to the boarding gate. Narita
Airport in Tokyo, Japan has added a new cause of flight delays
– a turtle going for a walk. The runway at Narita had to close
for 12 minutes because a 2.1-kilogram turtle was spotted on the
tarmac. The pilot of an airplane waiting to take off told air
traffic controllers about the small reptile at around 11:35am.
There was an immediate search for it. This caused the delay of
five flights. Airport staff managed to locate the creature. They
safely removed it with a net. They reported that it was
unharmed.
A Narita Airport spokesperson said she believed the turtle
lived in a nearby pond. It managed to get under a fence
alongside the airport and crawl onto the runway. The turtle
might have decided to sunbathe because of the warm weather.
It was a lot warmer than usual at the airport for the time of the
year. Shortly after the turtle was caught, an A380 airplane took
off from the runway. By coincidence, the A380 was painted in
a turtle design. The plane was from the Japanese airline ANA.
It was going to the island of Okinawa in the south of Japan. An
ANA spokesperson said: “Turtles are seen as bringing good
luck. We hope this turtle, who came to see the flight off,
signals a bright future.”
https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2109/210930-turtle.html
176) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the news report, there
was a delay because (of)
a) weather conditions.
b) an animal was harmed.
c) an animal caused an accident.
d) an animal was in the wrong place.
177) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Read the text, write T for true and F
for false. After that, choose the alternative with the
correct sequence.
( ) The aircraft had turtle markings on its fuselage.
( ) The turtle was on the tarmac because it was lost.
( ) The flight was delayed because a turtle was seen on
the runway.
( ) The company’s representative thinks the turtle might
be a sign of good luck.
a) T - F - T - T
b) F - T - F - F
c) T - F - T - F
d) T - T - T- F
178) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the comic strip, some
people may have found
a) the exact location where the plane fell.
b) signs that Amelia is still alive.
c) parts of Amelia’s aircraft.
d) the black box.
89
179) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the comic strip, it is
correct to affirm that Calvin
a) is a super hero and rescues people in danger.
b) is very brave and not at all afraid of heights.
c) gets a bit scared of the altitude.
d) has excellent hearing.
Texto para as questões 180 e 181
I sold my first car at 11 and earned a million by 14
Tom Hartley Jr
All my life, I’ve been around cars. Some of my earliest
memories are of being in the showroom and wacth my father
close deals for cars such as Ferraris and Lamborghinis. (...)
Everyone’s good at something: I discovered my forte at an
early age, and was fortunate enough to have a father who was
already in the car business. I sold my first car - a Porsche
convertible - at the age of 11 and by the time I was 14, I was
buying and selling around three cars a week. That was the age I
became Britain’s youngest self-made millionaire.
Sometimes people make the mistake of thinking that
success has been handed to me on a plate. But everything I
have I’ve earned myself - and all my share of profits went into
a trust fund so that at 18 I was able to buy half of the business.
(...) I love the fact that I get to meet different kinds of people
through my work. One day I’ll be dealing with the guy from
the corner shop who’s buying a Mercedes for his wife, and the
next I’ll be meeting somebody famous.
I have a comfortable life, but it’s not overly ostentatious. I
don’t have a car of my own. When I get to work, I’ll drive
whatever car happens to be on the forecourt, and most days I’ll
roll up my sleeves and wash it too. I haven’t had a proper
holiday for years and I still live in the family home. I’m having
my own house built at the moment. (...)
In my opinion, natural business acumen is not something
that can be taught - it comes from the inside. There has to be an
inherent competitive streak. Good salesmen are in competition
with themselves - they’re always trying to do better and sell
more. (...)
KAY, S.; HIRDS, J.; MAGGS, P. Move Upper
Intermediate. Macmillan: Oxford, 2006.
180) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the text, choose the ( ) The robots fly around and outside the Museum.
correct statement. ( ) The machines dance like a bee.
a) He started the car selling business without anyone’s a) T-F-F-T
influence. b) F-F-T-T
b) His life is not as stravagant as people might expect. c) T-T-F-F
c) He thinks that business abilities can be learned. d) F-T-T-F
d) He mostly deals with famous clients.
181) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) The underlined expression forte in
the text can be replaced by
a) greatest strength.
b) father’s secret.
c) biggest dream.
d) life mission.
Texto para as questões 182 e 183
Giant floating robots and millennia-old odors make up a
new installation at Tate Modern Museum
Aimee Dawson
Two species of intelligent robots have moved into some
prime, Thames-side real estate: Tate Modern’s Turbine Hall.
Collectively named “aerobes,” the floating orbs that the New
York-based artist Anicka Yi has created to inhabit the
cavernous space are called “planulae” and “xenojellies”.
Inspired by ocean life forms and mushrooms, the helium-
filled shapes move around using rotors and a small battery
pack. Together, they create an “ecosystem” within the museum,
Yi said in a press statement, interacting with their environment
and visitors, and displaying individual and group behaviors.
Behind the scenes, an incredible amount of AI technology
and research is powering this floating family. A team of
specialists has developed the aerial vehicles using software that
gives each a unique flight path. The software, called an
artificial life program, generates a huge range of journey
options for the orbs to take and therefore simulates the
somewhat unpredictable processes of natural life.
The robots will respond to the space and people around
them by receiving information from electronic sensors
positioned around the venue. The signals affect them
individually and as a group so that they will behave differently
upon each encounter.
“Like a bee’s dance or an ant’s scent trail, the aerobes
communicate with each other in ways we cannot understand,” a
Tate Modern statement described.
Yi is also using her aerobes to question ideas around
intelligence and our focus on the brain as its main transmitter
182) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the text, it is correct
to affirm that
a) due to the fact that the artistic creations are robots, they
have the same behavior, no matter where they are or
who they find on their path.
b) the aerobes functioning is very different from the
functioning of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
c) the artist is using the robots to investigate issues about
intelligence and how it is developed.
d) the technological pieces of art were designed to inhabit
caves and oceans.
183) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Write T for true or F for false. Then
choose the alternative that corresponds to the correct
sequence.
( ) There is an exhibition of AI technology at Tate
Modern Museum.
( ) The aerobes interact with the environment through
sensors.

90
 Gabarito 62) B
1) C 63) A
2) C 64) D
3) D 65) D
4) A 66) C
5) A 67) C
6) A 68) C
7) B 69) B
8) B 70) D
9) B 71) C
10) A 72) C
11) B 73) D
12) D 74) C
13) D 75) A
14) B 76) B
15) B 77) A
16) A 78) D
17) B 79) B
18) A 80) A
19) A 81) A
20) C 82) B
21) A 83) A
22) D 84) B
23) B 85) C
24) C 86) B
25) A 87) D
26) A 88) B
27) B 89) C
28) C 90) C
29) C 91) D
30) A 92) C
31) A 93) A
32) C 94) D
33) A 95) B
34) A 96) D
35) D 97) A
36) B 98) A
37) C 99) D
38) B 100) C
39) C 101) C
40) D 102) A
41) B 103) D
42) C 104) D
43) B 105) B
44) C 106) D
45) D 107) D
46) A 108) C
47) B 109) A
48) D 110) C
49) C 111) B
50) A 112) D
51) B 113) B
52) D 114) C
53) A 115) A
54) B 116) D
55) C 117) A
56) D 118) D
57) D 119) A
58) B 120) D
59) C 121) A
60) A 122) A
61) D 123) D

91
124) D
125) D
126) D
127) A
128) B
129) D
130) A
131) B
132) B
133) B
134) C
135) B
136) D
137) A
138) D
139) B
140) C
141) A
142) C
143) C
144) B
145) D
146) D
147) C
148) B
149) A
150) C
151) B
152) A
153) A
154) B
155) A
156) B
157) D
158) A
159) C
160) B
161) B
162) A
163) B
164) C
165) D
166) D
167) B
168) C
169) B
170) D
171) D
172) B
173) C
174) B
175) A
176) D
177) A
178) C
179) C
180) B
181) A
182) C
183) C

92
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
EsPCEx
Texto para as questões 1 – 4
Mark Zuckerberg’s 650 Million Friends (and counting)
Back in June 2009, the globe’s potpourri of social-
networking sites was extremely diverse: Google’s Orkut
dominated India and Brazil; Central and South America
preferred Hi5; Maktoob was king in the Arab world. The
Vietnamese liked Zing, the Czechs loved Lidé, South Koreans
surfed Cyworld. Two years after that, and Facebook has stolen
users away from its rivals very fast. It’s completely knocked
Hi5 off the map in former strongholds such as Peru, Mexico,
and Thailand. After a tense back-and-forth with Orkut in India,
Facebook has emerged victorious. And it’s becoming more
popular in Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands, where local
providers are making a desperate last stand.
There are some glaring exceptions to Facebook’s
colonization kick. Russians continue to use Vkontakte and
Odnoklassniki, with Facebook a distant fourth in the rankings.
China remains highly committed to domestic sites such as
Qzone and Renren. But for the rest of us, we’re living in
Zuckerberg’s world.
(endereço eletrônico omitido propositadamente)
1) (EsPCEx 2011) According to the text, Facebook’s boom on
the Internet was in
a) 2007.
b) 2008.
c) 2009.
d) 2010.
e) 2011.
2) (EsPCEx 2011) How many different social-networking
sites are mentioned in the text ?
a) Five.
b) Seven.
c) Nine.
d) Eleven.
e) Thirteen.
3) (EsPCEx 2011) According to the text, Facebook is not
number one in
a) South America.
b) Peru, Mexico and Thailand.
c) Russia and China.
d) India and Brazil.
e) South Korea.
4) (EsPCEx 2011) Which alternative represents the main idea
of the text ?
a) Facebook dominates the world of social networks.
b) Orkut is the most popular site in Latin America.
c) Facebook is used by people all over the world except in
China.
d) Orkut won the battle in India.
e) Facebook is one of the top three in popularity in Russia.
Texto para as questões 5 – 8
Life and the Movies
Joey Potter looked at her friend Dawson Leery and she
smiled sadly.
“Life isn’t like a movie, Dawson,” she said. “We can’t
write happy endings to all our relationships.”
Joey was a pretty girl with long brown hair. Both Joey and
Dawson were nearly sixteen years old. The two teenagers had
93
problems. All teenagers have the same problems - life, love,
school work, and parents. It isn’t easy to become an adult.
Dawson loved movies. He had always loved movies. He
took film classes in school. He made short movies himself.
Dawson wanted to be a film director. His favorite director was
Steven Spielberg. Dawson spent a lot of his free time filming
with his video camera. He loved watching videos of great
movies from the past. Most evenings, he watched movies with
Joey.
“These days, Dawson always wants us to behave like
people in movies,” Joey thought. And life in the little seaside
town of Capeside wasn’t like the movies.
Joey looked at the handsome, blond boy who was sitting
next to her. She thought about the years of their long
friendship. They were best friends...
ANDERS, C. J. Retold by CORNISH, F. H. Dawson’s Creek.
Shifting into overdrive. Oxford, Macmillan, 2005.
5) (EsPCEx 2011) Which alternative best explains the
sentence “We can’t write happy endings to all our
relationships.”?
a) It’s not possible to decide what happens in our future.
b) We need permission to write books about happy endings
in relationships.
c) Our relationships are the happiest things in our lives.
d) Happy endings are always possible in real life.
e) People expect unhappy endings when they watch a
movie.
6) (EsPCEx 2011) According to the sentence “Joey looked at
the handsome, blond boy who was sitting next to her”, it is
correct to say that Dawson was
a) strange.
b) calm.
c) ugly.
d) good-looking.
e) intelligent.
7) (EsPCEx 2011) According to the text, which alternative is
correct about Dawson?
a) He first met Joey a couple of weeks ago.
b) He spent most of his evenings with Joey.
c) He had dark hair.
d) He didn’t have any problems
e) He was older than Joey.
8) (EsPCEx 2011) According to the text, “The two teenagers
had problems” because
a) they wanted to be film directors.
b) it is difficult to become an adult.
c) they wanted to behave like people in movies.
d) they were best friends.
e) they watched movies until late at night.
Texto para as questões 9 – 12
Brazilian Forces Claim Victory in Gang Haven
RIO DE JANEIRO - In a quick and decisive military
operation, Brazilian security forces took control of this city’s
most notorious slum on Sunday, celebrating victory over drug
gangs after a weeklong battle.
In the early afternoon, the military police raised the flags of
Brazil and Rio de Janeiro atop a building on the highest hill in
the Alemão shantytown complex, providing a rare moment of
happiness and celebration in a decades-long battle to rid this
city’s violent slums of drug gangs.
An air of calm and relief swept through the neighborhood,
as residents opened their windows and began walking the
streets. Dozens of children ran from their houses in shorts and
bikinis to jump into a swimming pool that used to belong to a
gang leader. Residents congregated around televisions in bars
and restaurants, cheering for the police as if they were cheering
for their favorite soccer teams. “Now the community is ours,”
Jovelino Ferreira, a 60-year-old pastor, said, his eyes filling
with tears. “This time it will be different. We have to have
faith. Many people who didn’t deserve have suffered here.”
http://www.nytimes.com, consulta em 28/11/2010
9) (EsPCEx 2011) According to the text, Brazilian security
forces fought Against
a) Alemão shanty town complex.
b) drug gangs.
c) Jovelino Ferreira.
d) the military police.
e) Jovelino Ferreira’s community.
10) (EsPCEx 2011) After Brazilian security forces’ victory,
a) residents went to streets.
b) children were afraid.
c) the gang leader used the swimming pool.
d) residents cheered for their favorite soccer team.
e) residents prayed with pastor Jovelino Ferreira.
11) (EsPCEx 2011) It is correct to say that, after the decisive
military operation in the Alemão shantytown complex,
Jovelino Ferreira was
a) angry.
b) sick.
c) sad
d) hungry
e) hopeful.
12) (EsPCEx 2011) In the last paragraph, the author is
describing a scene of
a) sadness.
b) conflict.
c) happiness.
d) fear.
e) tragedy.
Texto para as questões 13 – 15
Apple manufacturing plant workers complain of long hours
and militant culture
Chengdu, China (CNN) — Miss Chen (we changed her
name for this story), an 18-year-old student from a village
outside of the southern megacity of Chongqing, is one of more
than one million factory workers at a Chinese company that
helps manufacture products for Apple Inc.’s lucrative global
empire, which ranked in a record $46.3 billion in sales last
quarter. They work day or night shifts, eating and sleeping at
company facilities, as they help build electronics products for
Apple and many other global brand names, such as Amazon’s
Kindle and Microsoft’s Xbox.
As a poor college student with no work experience, looking
for a job in China’s competitive market is an uphill battle. So
when Chen was offered a one-month position at Foxconn with
promises of great benefits and little overtime, she jumped at the
chance. But when she started working, she found out that only
senior employees got such benefits.
“During my first day of work, an older worker said to me,
‘Why did you come to Foxconn? Think about it again and
leave right now’,” said Chen, who plans to return to her studies
at a Chongqing university soon.
Foxconn recently released a statement defending its
corporate practices, stating its employees are entitled to
94
numerous benefits including access to health care and
opportunities for promotions and training. In response to
questions from CNN, Apple also released a statement: “We
care about every worker in our worldwide supply chain. We
insist that our suppliers provide safe working conditions, treat
workers with dignity and respect, and use environmentally
responsible manufacturing processes wherever Apple products
are made. Our suppliers must live up to these requirements if
they want to keep doing business with Apple.”
After three weeks of applying more than 4,000 stickers a
day onto iPad screens by hand and working 60 hours a week in
an assembly line, Chen says she’s ready to go back to school
and study hard so she’ll never have to return to Foxconn. “It’s
so boring, I can’t bear it anymore. Everyday is like: I get off
from work and I go to bed. I get up in the morning, and I go to
work. It is my daily routine and I almost feel like an animal,”
said Miss Chen. When asked why humans do machine-like
work at Foxconn, she responds, “Well, humans are cheaper.”
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com, consulta em 06/02/2012
13) (EsPCEx 2012) It’s correct to say that Miss Chen
a) is very satisfied with her job at Foxconn.
b) is a special factory worker at Foxconn.
c) has lots of benefits and little overtime at Foxconn.
d) works day or night shifts, eating and sleeping at
Foxconn.
e) worked in another company before working at Foxconn.
14) (EsPCEx 2012) In the sentence “As a poor college student
with no work experience, looking for a job in China’s
competitive market is an uphill battle.”, the author means
that
a) you cannot find a job in China.
b) you have to go up a hill.
c) it’s exciting to get a job in China.
d) it’s difficult to get a job in China.
e) you have to be an excellent athlete.
15) (EsPCEx 2012) According to the text, workers at Foxconn
company are compared to
a) machines and animals.
b) machines and humans.
c) animals and men.
d) suppliers and machines.
e) animals and suppliers.
Texto para a questão 16
Fire at Antarctica station kills 2 Brazilian sailors
Two Brazilian sailors died and one was injured Saturday
after a fire broke out at a naval research station in Antarctica,
authorities reported. The fire occurred at the Comandante
Ferraz Station on King George Island, said Adm. Julio Soares
de Moura Neto, commander of the Brazilian Navy. The three
sailors were trying to extinguish a fire that broke out in the
engine room of the facility. Brazilian military police are
investigating the cause. The station is home to researchers who
conduct studies on the effects of climate change in Antarctica
and its implications on the planet, according to the Ministry of
Science and Technology and Innovation. Researchers at the
base also study marine life and the atmosphere.
Adaptado de http://articles.cnn.com, consulta em 26/02/2012
16) (EsPCEx 2012) According to the text, it is correct to state
that
a) the Brazilian sailors were responsible for the fire
incident.
b) the fire started outside the engine room.
 c) Brazilian military police still don’t know the cause.
d) researchers are studying the cause.
e) climate change caused the fire.
Texto para as questões 17 – 19
“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice.
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was
sitting as far away from me as the desk allowed, but his chair
was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked
like someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face
was friendly, open, a slight smile on his flawless lips. But his
eyes were careful.
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have
a chance to introduce myself last week. You must be Bella
Swan.”
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly
polite now. I had to speak; he was waiting. But I couldn’t think
of anything conventional to say.
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered.
He laughed a soft laugh.
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town
was waiting for you to arrive.”
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006.
Page 43
17) (EsPCEx 2012) According to the sentence “I looked up,
stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella
a) didn’t expect Edward to approach her.
b) was feeling comfortable.
c) didn’t want to be friends with Edward.
d) didn’t want to talk to Edward.
e) was offended by Edward’s attitude.
18) (EsPCEx 2012) “My mind was spinning with confusion.
He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to
say.
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered.”
The excerpt above describes a feeling of
a) sadness.
b) deception.
c) pain.
d) nervousness.
e) anger.
19) (EsPCEx 2012) According to Bella’s descriptions in the
text, Edward was
a) intelligent.
b) boring.
c) charming.
d) inconvenient.
e) dangerous.
Texto para as questões 20 e 21
What is a pub? The word pub is short for public house.
Pubs are popular social meeting places. They are an important
part of British life. People talk, eat, drink, meet their friends
and relax there. Many have a garden where people can sit in the
summer. One of the oldest pubs, Fighting Cocks in St. Albans,
Herts, is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh
century. Groups of friends normally buy ‘rounds’ of drinks,
where the person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the
members of the group. In most pubs in Britain, you must go to
the bar to order drinks and food and pay for your purchase
immediately, there is no table service. Bartenders do not expect
frequent tipping. To tip them, it is customary to say: “Would
you like a drink yourself?”
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Adaptado de http://projectbritain.com/pubs.htm, consulta em
22/06/2012
20) (EsPCEx 2012) According to the text, pubs are popular
places where people
a) get together.
b) just drink.
c) have to tip the bartender.
d) meet only in the winter.
e) pay the bartender a drink.
21) (EsPCEx 2012) According to the text, it is correct to say
that in Britain
a) there is table service in most pubs.
b) pubs do not serve the customer at the bar.
c) pubs have a very important role in social life.
d) pubs are always located in very old buildings.
e) friends can’t buy ‘rounds’ of drinks in pubs.
Texto para as questões 22 – 24
Facebook Song lyrics
I wouldn’t call myself a social butterfly
And there’s not much that separates me from the other guy
But when I log in I begin to live
There’s an online world where I am king
Of a little website dedicated to me
With pictures of me and a list of my friends
And an unofficial record of the groups that I’m in
Before the internet, friendship was so tough
You actually had to be in people’s presence and stuff
Who would have thought that with a point and a click
I could know that Hope Floats is your favorite flick
Facebook
I’m hooked on Facebook
I used to meet girls hanging out at the mall
Now I just wait for them to write on my wall
Oh! Link’s status changed, it says he’s playing the recorder...
How do you know this person?
Did you hook up with this person?
Do you need to request confirmation?
Or did you just think they looked cute...
From their picture on Facebook?
If the internet crashed all across the land
Or my Facebook account was deleted by the man
I’d carry around a picture of my face
And a summary of me typed out on a page
Adaptado de
http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/r/rhett_and_link/facebook_s
ong.html
22) (EsPCEx 2013) The text above can be considered
a) obscene.
b) obsolete.
c) religious.
d) ironic.
e) thrilling.
23) (EsPCEx 2013) The sentence “But when I login I begin to
live” brings the readers a reflection about the extreme
importance that people, in our society, give to
a) school and internet.
b) love and life.
c) life and death.
d) girls and computers.
e) the online world.
24) (EsPCEx 2013) In the sentence “Before the internet,
friendship was so tough”, the word tough can be replaced
by
a) easy.
b) difficult.
c) respectable.
d) nice.
e) flexible.
Texto para as questões 25 – 27
President Obama Launches Gun-Violence Task Force
Five days after deadliest elementary school shooting in U.S.
history, President Obama said his administration plans
immediate action early next year on proposals to curb an
“epidemic of gun violence”. At a morning news conference,
Obama announced the formation of a task force to be headed
by Vice President Joe Biden that will formulate a package of
policy recommendations by January. “The fact that this
problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing
nothing”, Obama said. “The fact that we can’t prevent every
act of violence doesn’t mean that we can’t steadily reduce the
violence and prevent the very worst violence.” The president
said he intends to push for implementation of the proposals
“without delay”. “This is a team that has a very specific task to
pull together real reforms right now”, he said.
While Obama did not offer specifics, he suggested the task
force would examine an array of steps to curb gun violence and
prevent mass shootings, including legislative measures, mental
health resources and a “look more closely at a culture that all-
too-often glorifies guns and violence”. “I will use all the
powers of this office to help advance efforts aimed at
preventing more tragedies like this”, Obama said.
Obama made similar pronouncements following at least
four other mass shootings that marked his first term. But few
policy changes were made. “This is not the first incident of
horrific gun violence of your four years. Where have you
been?”, asked ABC News’ Jake Tapper. “I’ve been president of
the United States, dealing with the worst economic crisis since
the Great Depression, an auto industry on the verge of collapse,
two wars. I don’t think I’ve been on vacation”, Obama
responded.
Adaptado de http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/president-
obama - launches-gun-violence-task-
force/story?id=18015694#UOA3AOTAdyw
25) (EsPCEx 2013) In the sentence “This is a team that has a
very specific task …”, who is the leader of this team?
a) the press.
b) Jake Tapper.
c) Joe Biden.
d) the task force.
e) ABC channel.
26) (EsPCEx 2013) According to the text, Obama
a) is not trying to solve the mass shootings problem.
b) is not worried about gun violence.
c) was on vacation during the shooting.
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d) requests a task force to try to solve the problem.
e) decides to take action after talking to the reporter.
27) (EsPCEx 2013) In the sentences “... proposals to curb an
“epidemic of gun violence”...” and “an array of steps to
curb gun violence...”, the word curb means
a) control.
b) cultivate.
c) increase.
d) encourage.
e) originate.
Texto para as questões 28 e 29
Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests
Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be
divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving banners and
placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers
with strollers, and pensioners carrying shopping bags join the
crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious neighbors.
Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family
living on the fifth floor, but they are all here to protect Rocio
from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal
process.
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from
Ecuador in 2003, when times were good and jobs plentiful in
Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s
economy down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a
cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits, but then those
stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards
face as the country deals with the highest unemployment rate
since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession entering its
second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets
with my son, but I have no idea where else to go”, she says.
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this
fear that took many Spanish citizens to action. Many of those
people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are
supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the
Platform of People Affected by Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma
de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to
prevent banks and authorities from eviction because of the
country’s economic crisis. They accuse the banks and
authorities of “real estate terrorism”.
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement -
also known as the “Indignados”. Activist Dante Scherma, 24,
says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues.
“The 15-M movement made people talk about social issues,
and about politics in normal conversations - in cafés,
restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football
or fashion.”
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the
crowd - now shouting at the police, insisting they have to stop
forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had
an impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be
able to stay - for a while, at least. For those working to stop
Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and
temporary victory. For those demonstrating about cuts,
corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/
world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html
28) (EsPCEx 2013) According to the text, Rocio
a) moved to Spain when there were many jobs there.
b) was the only person affected by the crisis in Spain.
c) is getting benefits from Spain’s government nowadays.
d) had two jobs in Ecuador before moving to Spain.
 e) has the best job in Spain nowadays.
29) (EsPCEx 2013) According to the text, the 15-M movement
made
a) Spaniards’ lives lose their importance.
b) citizens in Spain more interested in social issues.
c) Spaniards talk more about football and fashion.
d) people go to cafés, restaurants and bars.
e) Spaniards accept evictions.
Texto para a questão 30
Empirically Based Leadership
A significant area of interest within the US Army empirical
literature on leadership is emotional intelligence (EI), which in
recent years has been the focus of considerable attention in
relationship to leadership efficacy. Emotional intelligence
involves an awareness of one’s own emotions as well as the
ability to control them, social awareness of others and their
emotions, and the capacity to understand and manage
relationship and social networks.
In understanding others’ emotions, an important
contributing factor to the success of the more effective military
officers is their ability to empathize with their subordinates. In
discussing empathy, FM (Field Manual) 6-22 defines it as “the
ability to see something from another person’s point of view, to
identify with and enter into another person’s feelings and
emotions”. Empathy is not typically a quality that most soldiers
would readily identify as an essential characteristic to effective
leadership or necessary to producing positive organizational
outcomes, but it is an important quality for competent
leadership, especially as it relates to EI.
Adaptado de McDONALD, Sean P. Military Review, Jan-Feb,
2013.
30) (EsPCEx 2013) According to the text, we can state that
a) empathy is part of emotional intelligence.
b) emotional intelligence does not include empathy.
c) emotional intelligence is the ability to avoid empathy.
d) the US Army wants soldiers to hide feelings.
e) the US Army wants leaders to control subordinates’
feelings.
Texto para as questões 31 – 34
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, is leading important changes following recent scandals
involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and
development programs for generals and admirals. They will
include new courses to train the security detail, executive staffs
and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues,
General Dempsey said that evaluations of top officers needed
to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional
performance by superior officers alone. He said that he had
decided the changes were necessary “to assess both
competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t
lead their way out of a forward operating base because they
don’t have the competence to understand the application of
military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General
Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can have someone who is
intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t
live a life of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews
would be transformed from top-down assessments to the kind
of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes
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feedback from subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new
training programs, he said that while it may be impossible to
prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the
rules and regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures
of commanders and their staffs. The inspections will not be
punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general
officers to understand whether, from an institutional
perspective, we think they are inside or outside the white
lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to
ensure that a commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware
of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are
not a profession just because you say you are. You have to earn
it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General
Dempsey said.
According to the Macmillan English Dictionary Online, the
word issue has the following definitions. Read them and
answer the question below.
1. a problem that needs to be considered.
2. a magazine that is published at a particular time.
3. a set of things that are available to people at a particular
time.
4. (formal) the act of officially giving something to
someone.
5. (legal) someone’s children.
31) (EsPCEx 2014) According to the text, which definition
above corresponds to issue in the sentence “...he was
disturbed about the misconduct issues...” (paragraph 2)?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
32) (EsPCEx 2014) Which word is a synonym for evaluations
in the text?
a) Applications.
b) Regulations.
c) Infractions.
d) Assessments.
e) Procedures.
33) (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “Conversely, you can
have...” (paragraph 3), the word conversely indicates that
the two situations described in the paragraph
a) have similar elements.
b) have opposite elements.
c) have identical elements.
d) have chronological elements.
e) have unbelievable elements.
34) (EsPCEx 2014) According to the text, a 360-degree
performance evaluation (paragraph 4)
a) is a periodic evaluation that rotates 360 degrees.
b) is a periodic evaluation that lasts 360 days.
c) includes the opinions of an immediate work circle.
d) is an evaluation that certainly prevents infractions.
e) includes only the opinions of superior officers.
Texto para as questões 35
Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World
War Two ended and spent 29 years in the jungle has died aged
91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang
Island near Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did
not believe that the war had ended. He was finally persuaded to
emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown
in to see him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to
Japan.
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command
he obeyed for nearly three decades. “I became an officer and I
received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel
shame. I am very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers
were with him at the end of the war. One emerged from the
jungle in 1950 and the other two died.
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender.
He later said that he dismissed search parties sent to him, and
leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something
suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended.
Though Onoda had been officially declared dead in December
1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last
person from his group was killed by local police, but they did
not find him. Onoda was now alone.
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki,
found Onoda after four days of searching. They became
friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was
waiting for orders from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to
Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as proof of their
encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s
commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to
Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda
and rescinded his original orders in person.
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although
many in Lubang never forgave him for killing 30 people during
his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this
and other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return
home.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-
25772192 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda
35) (EsPCEx 2014) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I) Hiroo Onoda was in the jungle for 29 years.
II) Hiroo Onoda was abandoned in the jungle by his
country after the war ended.
III) Hiroo Onoda tried to go back home many times.
IV) Hiroo Onoda had another soldier with him until 1972.
V) Hiroo Onoda was admired by people in Lubang.
a) III and V are correct.
b) I and II are correct.
c) I and IV are correct.
d) I and III are correct
e) All of them are correct.
Texto para as questões 36 e 37
Brazil’s Rolezinhos – The Kids Are All Right
Shopping Metrô Itaquera, a gleaming mall amid the favelas
(shantytowns) of eastern São Paulo, gained notoriety on
January 11th, when the police used rubber bullets and tear gas
to disperse a crowd of 3,000 youths. The youngsters were
participating in a rolezinho, a gathering of tens, hundreds, and
sometimes thousands of youngsters which is convened via
social networks.
98
Mall owners and shopkeepers have reasons to be cautious.
A few rolezinhos have led to muggings and robberies. But
most do not end in Itaquera-like chaos: the word’s true
meaning is closer to “little outing”. And theories that rolezeiros
are class warriors or favela dwellers tired of the country’s
veiled racism are not correct. “Their battle cry is not ‘Less
oppression!’” says Renato Barreiros, who has directed a
documentary about them. “It’s ‘More Adidas!’”
The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out, chill, buy nice
things, meet people”, explains Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-old
from Capão Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo. He has
taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped organise a few,
drawing some of his 89,000 Facebook followers. His 15-year-
old girlfriend, Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro sweetheart with
94,000 fans of her own on the social network, says that
shopping centres make good meeting places because they are
safe – an important consideration in a crime-ridden city. There
are few other public venues for kids, especially in poorer
neighbourhoods.
As well as air conditioning, shopping centres also confer
something no open-air space can: status. Rolezeiros enjoy
walking around in a branded T-shirt and bermudas, with a pair
of 400- reais ($170) shades perched on a baseball cap. Vinicius
confesses to spending 800-1,000 reais a month on clothes and
accessories, most of what he makes as a helper at a local
Adventist church. Just 8% of Itaquera shoppers enjoy a
monthly income in excess of 2,780 reais. Some rolezeiros
support their flashy lifestyle by reselling outmoded attire to
poorer neighbours.
Shopkeepers in the local malls have mixed feelings about
the gatherings. On the one hand, the youngsters make ideal
clients: they often pay cash and can spend 2,000-3,000 reais in
one go. On the other, larger groups can scare away customers.
Adapted from http://www.economist.com
36) (EsPCEx 2014) Another title for this article could be
a) Youngsters in Brazil are anxious for political changes.
b) Youngsters find a way to protest against social
inequality.
c) Social networks are the first step into indiscipline and
chaos.
d) Shopkeepers see a strong need for legislation against
rolezinhos.
e) Youngsters in shopping malls want to get attention, not
political changes.
37) (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “Some rolezeiros support
their flashy lifestyle by reselling outmoded attire to poorer
neighbours.” (paragraph 4), the expression outmoded attire
means
a) clothes that are not fashionable anymore.
b) old and slow personal computers.
c) cheap shades they don’t want anymore.
d) high quality fashionable accessories.
e) their mothers’ clothes without permission.
Texto para as questões 38 – 40
The Phenomenon of Candy Crush: Why Is the Game So
Popular?
In 2012, Candy Crush was released on Facebook and was
later converted to smartphone format for people to play on the
go. In 2013, the game reached real prominence and became the
most popular game on Facebook. It’s no surprise then that so
many people play this game on their phones. Candy Crush
Saga has changed the way many of us kill time on commutes,
or even in the toilet. I don’t remember the last train journey I
took where at least one person wasn’t playing Candy Crush on
their phone. I’m sure almost every reader of this article will
have either been invited or invited others to play Candy Crush
via Facebook in an effort to get more lives or even levels.
Despite being incredibly similar to many games over the
years, Candy Crush Saga has added new depth to the genre,
with seemingly unlimited combinations of new scenarios and
concepts. So, this mixture of simplicity and variety is what
makes Candy Crush so unbelievably popular.
As a result, Candy Crush Saga shows no signs of slowing
down. New levels are generally released via the Facebook
version every three weeks, with new levels also being made
frequently available for the smartphone version. With 6.7
million active users, the developers are rumoured to be earning
$633,000 per day from Candy Crush users.
Adapted from http://metro.co.uk/2013/09/27/
38) (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “Candy Crush Saga has
changed the way many of us kill time on commutes...”
(paragraph 1), the expression kill time on commutes means
a) sleep while traveling on the bus.
b) travel on business by airplane.
c) work or travel on a holiday.
d) do something while on a journey.
e) rest or sleep on the weekend.
39) (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “I don’t remember the last
train journey I took where at least one person wasn’t
playing Candy Crush on their phone.” (paragraph 1), the
author means
a) his memory isn’t so good.
b) he doesn’t travel by train a lot.
c) Candy Crush is very popular.
d) people play Candy Crush at home.
e) people were not playing Candy Crush on his last trip.
40) (EsPCEx 2014) According to the text, the popularity of
Candy Crush Saga is because
a) it is a combination of many games over the years.
b) it was converted to smartphone format.
c) people can play it in the toilet.
d) it was released on Facebook in 2012.
e) it is a mixture of simplicity and variety.
Texto para as questões 41 – 43
Chapter 1 - Madras 1986
“He knows too much. I must ask you to do nothing.”
“But this time I caught him in the act. I have proof,
witnesses, everything. There is no possible doubt.”
“I said he knows too much! The company can’t afford to
have any problems. Our position is very sensitive in this
country. We can’t afford to take risks. I am telling you once
again – you will do nothing. And if there is any trouble, I’m
afraid I shall have to hold you personally responsible. So be
sensible for once in your life.”
“I see. So you are telling me to close my eyes to corruption
and behave as if nothing has happened. Is that right?”
“I didn’t put it quite like that. But, if you insist, yes. What
Vish does or doesn’t do is a minor matter compared with the
company’s global strategy. Just try to get things in perspective.
After all, you won’t be stuck in Madras for ever – I’ll make
sure that you are not. So just go with the flow for a bit longer.
When you’re in your next post this will all seem a very long
way away, I can assure you. But meantime, no trouble. I hope
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I’ve made myself clear. Oh, and, by the way, I advise you to
forget that we have had this conversation. Goodbye.”
Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were
trembling. He was furious with himself for failing to persuade
his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox, to support him, and was
disgusted at the mixture of veiled threats and vague promises
Lennox had made.
Adapted from MALEY, Alan. He knows too much. Cambridge
University Press, 1999. p.6
41) (EsPCEx 2015) In the sentences “Our position is very
sensitive in this country.” and “So be sensible for once in
your life.” (paragraph 3), sensitive and sensible mean
respectively
a) completely safe; responsive.
b) innocent; inoffensive.
c) easily affected; reasonable.
d) conservative; harmful.
e) worried; stupid.
42) (EsPCEx 2015) The sentence “So just go with the flow for
a bit longer.” (paragraph 5), the expression go with the flow
means
a) don’t accept corruption.
b) don’t accept bribery.
c) don’t fight vague promises.
d) don’t accept threats.
e) don’t fight prevailing trends.
43) (EsPCEx 2015) According to the text, Keith Lennox and
Dick Sterling are
a) father and son.
b) union members.
c) close friends.
d) superior and subordinate.
e) college colleagues.
Texto para as questões 44 – 46
Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram
What is Instagram?
It’s an application for your mobile phone that enables you
to edit pictures you have taken with your mobile phone camera
using built-in filters and share them with others. If you have an
Instagram account you can tag pictures, rate and comment on
other people’s pictures and follow other users.
How much is your app?
$0.00.
Where does the name come from?
When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras.
We loved how different types of old cameras marketed
themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today.
We also felt that the snapshots people were taking were like
telegrams in that they got sent over the wire to others - so we
figured why not combine the two?
How did the idea come about?
We love taking photos. We always assumed taking
interesting photos required a big bulky camera and a couple
years of art school. But as mobile phone cameras got better and
better, we decided to challenge that assumption. We created
Instagram to solve three simple problems:
- Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our
awesome looking filters transform your photos into
professional-looking snapshots.
- Sharing on multiple platforms is a pain - we help you take
a picture once, then share it (instantly) on multiple services.
 - Most uploading experiences are clumsy and take forever -
we’ve optimized the experience to be fast and efficient.
How does privacy work?
We have adopted a follower model that means if you’re
“public” on Instagram, anyone can subscribe to follow your
photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this
mode, a user can make sure he/she must approve all follow
requests before they go through.
Who can see my photos?
All photos are public by default which means they are
visible to anyone who has an account. If you choose to make
your account private, then only people who follow you on
Instagram will be able to see your photos.
Adapted from https://instagram.com/about/faq/#
44) (EsPCEx 2015) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I - The user is able to control who is going to be a follower.
II - Anyone can see your pictures when you use the private
mode.
III - The name Instagram comes from instant + telegram.
IV - Creators of Instagram think that all mobile pictures
look good.
V - The application software is available for free.
VI - You can post your Instagram photos directly to other
social platforms.
a) I, III, V and VI are correct.
b) I, II, V and VI are correct.
c) II, III and V are correct.
d) I, II, IV and V are correct.
e) All of them are correct.
45) (EsPCEx 2015) In the sentence “We loved how different
types of old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” -
something we take for granted today.” (question 3), the
expression something we take for granted means
a) Something we have to give someone.
b) Something we have to do everyday.
c) Something we usually value a lot.
d) Something we don’t have to learn.
e) Something we don’t give much importance to.
46) (EsPCEx 2015) Which words are synonyms for photos in
the text?
a) requests and filters.
b) snapshots and pictures.
c) followers and pictures.
d) platforms and pictures.
e) requests and snapshots.
Texto para as questões 47 e 48
Children experience basic training and mock deployment
The 460th Force Support Squadron (FSS) hosted the 6th
Annual Operation Future Forces (OFF) Sept. 13, 2014, at
Camp Rattlesnake. OFF allows children ages 8-18 to
experience what military members endure from basic training
to technical school to a mock deployment, ending with a
homecoming party.
“The youth mock deployment was developed to alleviate
many of the stresses commonly experienced by young family
members when one or both parents are deployed,” said Thomas
Cox, 460th FSS youth program chief. “Everything from basic
training, tech schools, camp activities and accomplishing their
mission as a team made the event a one of a kind opportunity
for military kids.”
100
A few of the boys had their heads shaved before heading
off to “Basic Military Training.” The training consisted of
doing push-ups and sit-ups, jumping through hula-hoops and
running through an inflatable castle. They were also taught
how to stand at attention, salute and do an about-face.
After basic training, each child attended “technical school”
and was taught a specific Air Force Specialty Code to help
them in their mock deployment. Some children were taught
lifesaving self-aid and buddy care skills while others learned
about the importance of radio communications while on a
deployment.
The tech-school graduates were then issued water pistols
before heading out. During their deployment, the children
encountered hostile and non-hostile citizens, a water-balloon
fight and injured allies who needed help along the way.
At the end of a long day, loved ones waited outside the
youth center on base with homemade signs welcoming the
“troops” back home.
“This event was great,” said Senior Airman Jasmine
Madison, 460th FSS Force Support Force Management
technician. “It’s a way for kids to get a hands-on understanding
of what their parents do when they are separated from them
during deployments.”
Adapted from
http://www.buckley.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123424927
47) (EsPCEx 2015) According to the text, what is a mock
deployment?
a) traveling on a peacekeeping mission.
b) simulation of a movement of troops on a mission.
c) rescue mission in a conflict area.
d) coming back home after a mission abroad.
e) going on a real mission in another country.
48) (EsPCEx 2015) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) All the children had their heads shaved.
b) Some children were injured during the event.
c) All the children learned about radio communications.
d) The event happens every year and lasts only one day.
e) The objective of the program is to recruit civilian
parents.
Texto para a questão 49
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless
Record numbers of students have entered higher education
in the past 10 years, but despite being the most educated
generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly
ignorant when it comes to basic life skills.
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I
consider myself lucky to still be alive. I have survived a couple
of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-
poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although
some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the
domestic skills I missed out in my modern education.
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current
education system dislocates people from their natural talents
and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to
generation – a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s
graduates may have earned themselves distinctions in history,
law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like
putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a
hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call for help from a
professional handyman or tailor.
 Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must
have practical skills. We don’t grow our own crops, build our
own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy
these things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we
have mastered instead is consumption.
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal
state has created a middle class that isn’t able to “make”
anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate
reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic
science” education. Instead of only maths, language and
history, we should create an interactive learning environment in
schools where craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued
as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate information.
We need to develop children into people that not only think for
themselves, but are also able to act for themselves.
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/
mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless
49) (EsPCEx 2015) What is the main topic of the text?
a) Consumption is the biggest problem of young students.
b) The most educated generation in history has earned
distinctions.
c) Basic life skills are passed from generation to
generation.
d) Young students attend domestic science education.
e) Students don’t have the ability to do practical tasks.
Texto para a questão 50
This migrant crisis is different from all others
2015 was unquestionably the year of the migrant. The news
was dominated for months by pictures of vast crowds shuffling
through the borders of yet another European country, being
treated with brutality in some places and given a reluctant
welcome in others.
When researching a report for radio and television about the
migrant phenomenon, it is possible to realize that there was
nothing new about it. For many years, waves of displaced and
frightened people have broken over Europe again and again
and the images have been strikingly similar each time.
In 1945, there were the ethnic Germans, forced out of their
homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and obliged to
seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany. More
recently, we can see floods of Albanian refugees escaping from
the ethnic cleansing of the Serbian forces in Kosovo in 1998
and 1999.
Yet there is one major difference between these waves of
migrants in the past and the one we saw in 2015. Professor
Alex Betts, director of the Refugee Studies Centre at Oxford
University says that it was the first time Europe faced people
coming in from the outside in large numbers as refugees. He
explains: “The fact that many are Muslims is perceived as
challenging Europe’s identity.” European societies are
changing very fast, indeed, as a result of immigration. In
London, for instance, more than 300 languages are now
spoken, according to a recent academic study. The influx of
migrants reinforces people’s sense that their identity is under
threat.
But how can the world deal conclusively with the problem?
The former UN under-secretary-general for humanitarian
affairs, Sir John Holmes, blames global governance. “Other
powers are rising,” he says - Syria is an example of this. “And
the United States doesn’t have the influence it once did, so the
problem’s not being fixed, no-one’s waving the big stick and
we’re having to pick up the pieces.” We have endured an entire
101
century of exile and homelessness and the cause is always the
same - conflict and bad government. Unless these are dealt
with, the flow of migrants will never be stopped.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-35091772
50) (EsPCEx 2016) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I – There isn’t anything new about the current migrant
crisis.
II – The former migrant phenomena happened in London.
III – This migrant phenomenon is interfering in Europe’s
society.
IV – Europeans are concerned about learning new
languages.
V – Syria is becoming powerful and apparently there is no
control over it.
VI – Conflicts and poor governance are the reasons for
the migration.
a) I, IV and V are correct.
b) I, IV and VI are correct.
c) III, V and VI are correct.
d) II, III and V are correct.
e) I, II and IV are correct.
Texto para as questões 51 – 53
How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law
The passage of the Marco Civil da Internet, an “Internet bill
of rights” commonly referred to in English as the Brazilian
Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, demonstrates how the
Internet can be used to rejuvenate democratic governance in the
digital age. The law is important not only for its content, but
for the innovative and participatory way it was written,
bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making to go
directly to the country’s citizens. At a moment when
governments of all kinds are viewed as increasingly distant
from ordinary people, Brazil’s example makes an argument
that democracy offers a way forward.
The pioneering law was signed in 2014 and has three
components. First, it safeguards privacy by restricting the
ability of private corporations and the government to store
Internet users’ browsing histories. Second, it mandates a
judicial review of requests to remove potentially offensive or
illegal material, including content that infringes copyrights.
And third, it prohibits Internet service providers from
manipulating data transfer speeds for commercial purposes.
The bill was acclaimed by activists as an example the rest of
the world should follow.
What makes this law even more interesting is that it became
one of the largest-ever experiments in crowdsourcing
legislation. The law’s original text was written through a
website that allowed individual citizens and organizations —
including NGOs, businesses, and political parties — to interact
with one another and publicly debate the law’s content. This
process was markedly different from the traditional method of
writing bills “behind closed doors” in the halls of Congress, a
process that favored well-connected families and large
corporations.
Policymakers in other countries have tried to capture citizen
input using social media before, but never on this scale, in a
country of roughly 200 million people. Whether it would
succeed was far from certain. During the website’s public
launch, in 2009, one of the government lawyers summed up the
organizers’ high hopes: “This experience could transform the
way we discuss not just legislation about the Internet, but also
the way we discuss other bills in Brazil, and, in so doing,
reconfigure our democracy.”
Adapted from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/19/how-brazil-
crowdsourced-a-landmark-law/
51) (EsPCEx 2016) In the title “How Brazil Crowdsourced a
Pioneering Law”, the verb crowdsource means
a) obtain ideas by soliciting contributions from diverse
groups of people.
b) favor common citizens who don’t have Internet
connection.
c) draft a new law according to large corporations’
interests.
d) remove contributions from politicians that prefer the
traditional method.
e) allow the congress to pass a bill that infringes
copyrights.
52) (EsPCEx 2016) Choose the alternative that correctly
substitutes the word bypassing in the sentence “...
bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making ...”
(paragraph 1).
a) Offending
b) destroying
c) praising
d) avoiding
e) accepting
53) (EsPCEx 2016) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Organizers were sure the experience would be totally
successful.
b) Other laws from now on can be written and discussed
the same way.
c) The content of the law is more important than the way it
was written.
d) This innovative way to develop a law puts democracy at
risk.
e) Brazil’s example made activists and political parties
disappointed.
Texto para a questão 54
Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart
Weaponry Alone
Technology has long been a deciding factor on the
battlefield, from powerful artillery to new weaponry to
innovations in the seas and the skies. Twenty-five years ago, it
was no different, as the United States and its allies proved
overwhelmingly successful in the Persian Gulf War. A
coalition of U.S. Army Apache attack helicopters, cruise
missiles from naval vessels, and Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
“stealth fighters” soundly broke through Saddam Hussein’s
army defenses in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm,
which became known as the “100-hour war”.
But for all the possibilities that this “Computer War”
offered, Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart
weaponry, alone. Despite the “science fiction”-like technology
deployed, 90 percent of the pieces of ammunition used in
Desert Storm were actually “dumb weapons”. The bombs,
which weren’t guided by lasers or satellites, were lucky to get
within half a kilometer of their targets after they were dumped
from planes. While dumb bombs might not have been exciting
enough to make the headlines during the attack, they were
cheaper to produce and could be counted on to work. But
frequency of use doesn’t change why history will remember
Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones.
102
Adapted from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/
operation-desert-storm-was-not-won-smart-weaponry-alone-
180957879/
54) (EsPCEx 2016) According to the text, “dumb weapons”
(paragraph 2) were
a) bombs that couldn’t reach any coalition planes.
b) bombs that were “science fiction”-like targets.
c) bombs that weren’t guided by lasers or satellites.
d) bombs that became known as smart weaponry.
e) bombs that were exciting enough for the headlines.
Texto para as questões 55 e 56
Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes?
The mosquito is the most dangerous animal in the world,
carrying diseases that kill one million people a year. Now the
Zika virus, which is carried by mosquitoes, has been linked
with thousands of babies born with brain defects in South
America. There are 3,500 known species of mosquitoes, but
only the females from just 6% of species draw blood from
humans - to help them develop their eggs. Of these, just half
carry parasites that cause human diseases.
More than a million people, mostly from poorer nations, die
each year from mosquito-borne diseases, including Malaria,
Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever. Some mosquitoes also carry
the Zika virus, which was first thought to cause only mild fever
and rashes. However, scientists are now worried that it can
damage babies in the womb. There’s a constant effort to
educate people to use nets and other tactics to avoid being
bitten. But would it just be simpler to make an entire species of
disease-carrying mosquito extinct?
In Britain, scientists at Oxford University and the biotech
firm Oxitec have genetically modified (GM) the males of
Aedes aegypti - a mosquito species that carries both the Zika
and Dengue viruses. These GM males carry a gene that stops
their offspring from developing properly. This second
generation of mosquitoes then die before they can reproduce
and become carriers of disease themselves.
So are there any downsides to removing mosquitoes?
Mosquitoes, which mostly feed on plant nectar, are important
pollinators. They are also a food source for birds and bats while
their young - as larvae - are consumed by fish and frogs. This
could have an effect further ahead in the food chain.
Mosquitoes also have limited the destructive impact of
humanity on nature. Mosquitoes make tropical rainforests, for
humans, virtually uninhabitable. Rainforests are home to a
large share of our total plant and animal species, and nothing
has done more to delay man-made destruction over the past
10,000 years than the mosquito.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35408835
55) (EsPCEx 2016) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Female mosquitoes from all the species cause the
diseases mentioned.
b) People from wealthy countries are the most bitten by
mosquitoes.
c) Mosquitoes are also important for food chain balance
and pollination.
d) A few species of male mosquitoes were genetically
modified.
e) Mosquitoes carry diseases, infect animals and destroy
the rainforests.
56) (EsPCEx 2016) In the sentence “... a gene that stops their
offspring from developing properly.” (paragraph 3), the
word offspring means
a) wombs.
b) viruses.
c) diseases.
d) brains.
e) babies.
Texto para a questão 57
How diversity makes us smarter
Decades of research by organizational scientists,
psychologists, sociologists, economists and demographers
show that socially diverse groups (that is, those with a diversity
of race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation) are more
innovative than homogeneous groups. It means being around
people who are different from us makes us more creative, more
diligent and more hardworking.
It seems obvious that a group of people with diverse
individual expertise would be better than a homogeneous group
at solving complex, non-routine problems. It is less obvious
that social diversity should work in the same way – yet the
science shows that it does. This is not only because people with
different backgrounds bring new information. Simply
interacting with individuals who are different forces group
members to prepare better, to anticipate alternative viewpoints
and to expect that reaching consensus will take effort.
Diversity of expertise confers benefits that are obvious –
you would not think of building a new car without engineers,
designers and quality-control experts – but what about social
diversity? The same logic applies to social diversity. People
who are different from one another in race, gender and other
dimensions bring unique information and experiences to bear
on the task at hand. A male and a female engineer might have
perspectives as different from one another as an engineer and a
physicist – and that is a good thing.
The fact is that if you want to build teams or organizations
capable of innovating, you need diversity. Diversity enhances
creativity. It encourages the search for novel information and
perspectives, leading to better decision making and problem
solving. Diversity can improve the bottom line of companies
and lead to discoveries and breakthrough innovations. Even
simply being exposed to diversity can change the way you
think.
Adapted from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-
diversity-makes-us-smarter/
57) (EsPCEx 2017) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) It takes more than interaction with others to become a
better person.
b) Homogeneous groups work as hard as heterogeneous
ones.
c) According to science, social diversity works just like
diversity of expertise.
d) When it comes to bear on the task at hand, a male is
better than a female.
e) Solving complex problems is easier than searching for
novel information.
103
Texto para as questões 58 e 59
A handwritten note from September 11
In moments of crisis, our first thoughts are usually to get in
contact with the people we love. September 11, 2001, was a
day when many people wanted to know that their loved ones
were safe. At 9:37 a.m., the Pentagon was attacked by terrorists
who crashed an airplane into the western side of the building.
Many people tried using the mobile phones that existed
then, but few were successful. Franklin and Daria Gaillard
(Frank and Chip) were both members of the Air Force and
worked at the Pentagon. They worked in different parts of the
building and had a previous agreement that they would meet at
their car in the parking lot if there were any emergency.
Daria was the first to arrive at the car and wrote a note to
Franklin saying “Frank - Sweetie I am okay. I’m w/ my office
over by the Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Sign. I’ll stay there
till you come. Love lots & lots, Chip.” Frank found the note
and was able to locate his wife in the aftermath of the attack.
What makes this story so interesting is the handwritten
note. Today, in our digital culture, we have a variety of ways to
let people know that we are safe. Text messages, voicemail,
and different forms of social media can be used to get the
information out to loved ones. In 2001, when these attacks
happened, the cellular network was still growing and was not
as robust as it is today.
This letter is just one of the many objects that The National
Museum of American History has collected since 2001. To
learn more, visit our online exhibition September 11th: Bearing
Witness to History.
Adapted from http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/handwritten-
note-september-11-2001
58) (EsPCEx 2017) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Frank and Chip found a note on the western side of the
building.
b) Frank and Chip wrote a note together before the attack.
c) Frank and Chip had a meeting at the Air Force HQ.
d) Frank and Chip relied on pen and paper to
communicate.
e) Frank and Chip located each other using social media.
59) (EsPCEx 2017) In the sentence “the cellular network... was
not as robust as it is today” (paragraph 4), the word robust
means
a) capable of producing repeated failures in bad
conditions.
b) capable of performing without failure under a variety of
conditions.
c) capable of predicting critical weather changes in other
countries.
d) capable of creating standard responses to technical
problems.
e) capable of manufacturing its own components in bad
conditions.
Texto para as questões 60 e 61
Military operations in megacities
A linguistic perspective
The challenge of conducting future military operations
within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies
in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional
complexities of these urban areas. Military operations in
megacities, whether combat-oriented or otherwise, will be
similar to those in other urban environments, but will be
complicated by factors unique to the megacity environment.
First and foremost, megacities are largely multilingual.
While this can be said of large cities in general, the scale of
multilingualism in megacities magnifies its effects. For
instance, in New York City (NYC) – a metropolitan megacity
of over eighteen million people – nine foreign languages are
spoken by communities of one hundred thousand or larger.
Language also plays a role in determining one’s identity and
the language community in which one decides to live. For
example, the majority of Russian speakers in NYC tend to live
in south Brooklyn and Staten Island, while Chinese speakers
tend to cluster in Manhattan and Sunset Park. In megacities,
language, culture, and regional context go hand in hand and
often reach beyond ethnic identities.
In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we
must understand the role of the languages used in its
communities. How do language communities interact in
megacities? What tensions are caused by multiple language
communities in urban space? What role does language play in
the power structures (government or otherwise) of megacities?
Adapted from Military Review – Jan/Feb 2016
60) (EsPCEx 2017) Choose the statement in which the word
lies is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.
a) He lies in the sun for too long.
b) His skill lies in his ability to communicate.
c) I can tell from her face that she lies.
d) A giant crocodile lies in wait for its prey.
e) This item always lies over for a next meeting.
61) (EsPCEx 2017) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Urban environments are more complex than megacities.
b) Nine languages are spoken in large cities.
c) Language is of great concern to the military.
d) Ethnic identities are limited by regional context.
e) Military operations are just combat-oriented.
Texto para as questões 62 – 64
Woman who rescued Nigerian ‘witch-child’ beats Obama
and Pope Francis to top list of world’s most inspiring
people
A woman who rescued a two-year-old boy who had been
cast out by his own community for being a “witch-child” has
been recognised in an international list of the most inspiring
people of the year. Anja Ringgren Lovén, a Danish care worker
who rescued the young Nigerian boy back in February 2016,
beat the likes of Pope Francis, Barack Obama and the Dalai
Lama to top the list of 100 inspiring individuals compiled by
German-language OOOM Magazine.
An image of Ms Lovén giving the two-year-old boy (now
called Hope) some water was shared around the world, and
served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan
children in Nigeria. Witch accusations is a growing problem in
many African countries, especially in Nigeria, where Anja’s
charity African Children’s Aid Education and Development
Foundation cares for other children like Hope.
“When she saw the starving child, she acted like a human
being and became an inspiration for millions,” said Georg
Kindel, OOOM’s editor-in-chief, who led the jury that chose
the list. Speaking today about the experience, she said: “He
was the size of a little baby, my whole body froze. I was
thinking of my own son when I saw the boy. For me it was
104
clear at that moment that I would fight with all my strength for
him to survive.”
Adapted from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/
worlds-most-inspiring-person-2016-ooom-anja-ringgren-loven-
nigeria-witch-child-a7460976.html
62) (EsPCEx 2017) Choose the best alternative that correctly
substitutes the word highlight in the sentence “... served to
highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children
in Nigeria.” (paragraph 2).
a) emphasize
b) observe
c) implement
d) diminish
e) console
63) (EsPCEx 2017) When Ms Lovén says: “... my whole body
froze.” (paragraph 3), she means
a) she was feeling cold and wanted to leave.
b) she needed help because she could not walk.
c) she felt unhappy and wanted to go home.
d) she didn’t want Hope to find out she was there.
e) she became suddenly paralysed with shock.
64) (EsPCEx 2017) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I – Hope’s community didn’t want him because of a
superstition.
II – Ms Lovén started helping orphan children after she met
Hope.
III – Anja’s foundation cares for poor parents who have
many children.
IV – George Kindel was the only person who voted for Ms
Lovén.
V – Ms Lovén has a child of her own and it’s a boy.
a) I, II and IV are correct.
b) III and V are correct.
c) I and V are correct.
d) I, III and IV are correct.
e) II, III and V are correct.
Texto para as questões 65 e 66
Learn to code, it’s more important than English as a second
language
Apple CEO Tim Cook says coding is the best foreign
language that a student in any country can learn. The tech
executive made the remarks to French outlet Konbini while in
the country for a meeting with French President Emmanuel
Macron. The tech leader gave some brief thoughts on
education:
“If I were a French student and I were 10 years old, I think
it would be more important for me to learn coding than
English. I’m not telling people not to learn English in some
form – but I think you understand what I am saying is that this
is a language that you can use to express yourself to 7 billion
people in the world. I think that coding should be required in
every public school in the world.”
Of course, it’s in Cook’s best interest to have the world
learning how to code. He runs a tech company that depends on
access to a constantly growing pipeline of talent. But it could
be in your interest too: studying coding could increase your
chances of pulling in a big salary. A computer-science
education, at least in countries like the US, is one of the most
viable and lucrative career paths open to young people today
But, Cook says, the benefits go beyond that. “It’s the
language that everyone needs, and not just for the computer
scientists. It’s for all of us”. He added that programming
encourages students of all disciplines to be inventive and
experimental: “Creativity is the goal. Coding is just to allow
that. Creativity is in the front seat; technology is in the
backseat. With the combination of both of these you can do
such powerful things now.”
Adapted from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/12/apple-ceo-
tim-cook-learning-to-code-is-so-important.html
65) (EsPCEx 2018) The sentence “The tech leader gave some
brief thoughts on education” (paragraph 1) can be correctly
paraphrased in the following terms:
a) The tech leader created regulations on education.
b) The tech leader underestimated education.
c) The tech leader was concerned about private education.
d) The tech leader has been studying coding.
e) The tech leader stated his opinion about education.
66) (EsPCEx 2018) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Creativity is not a big issue for Tim Cook.
b) Coding is going to be required in every public school.
c) Cook went to France to learn how to code.
d) Cook and people in general can benefit from coding.
e) Coding and creativity don’t make a good combination.
Texto para as questões 67 e 68
(Título omitido propositadamente)
German explosives experts defused a massive Second World
War bomb in the financial capital of Frankfurt on Sunday after
tens of thousands of people evacuated their homes.
About 60,000 people were ordered to leave in what was
Germany’s biggest evacuation since the war, with more than
1,000 emergency service workers helping to clear the area
around the bomb, which was discovered on a building site last
week. Police set up cordons around the evacuation area, which
covered a radius of just under a mile (1.5km), as residents
dragged suitcases with them and many families left by bicycle.
The fire service said the evacuation of two hospitals,
including premature babies and patients in intensive care, had
been completed and they were helping about 500 elderly
people to leave residences and care homes.
More than 2,000 tonnes of live bombs and munitions are
found each year in Germany, even under buildings. In July, a
kindergarten was evacuated after teachers discovered an
unexploded Second World War bomb on a shelf among some
toys. British and American warplanes pummelled Germany
with 1.5 million tonnes of bombs that killed 600,000 people.
Officials estimate that 15% of the bombs failed to explode.
Frankfurt police said they rang every doorbell and used
helicopters with heat-sensing cameras to make sure nobody
was left behind before they began defusing the bomb on
Sunday.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/
67) (EsPCEx 2018) Choose the most appropriate title for the
text.
a) Discovery of Germany’s biggest evacuation since the
war forces bombs to explode.
b) Kindergarten was evacuated after a World War II bomb
exploded among the toys.
c) Discovery of unexploded bomb in German financial
capital forces evacuation.
d) 15% of World War II bombs were discovered on a
building site.
105
e) Emergency service workers exploded American
warplanes and killed 600,000 people in Germany.
68) (EsPCEx 2018) According to the text, choose the
alternative that correctly substitutes “was left behind” in
the sentence “ ...to make sure nobody was left behind
before they began...” (paragraph 5).
a) remained in the evacuation area.
b) exploded in the evacuation area.
c) destroyed buildings in the evacuation area.
d) discovered bombs in the evacuation area.
e) entered kindergarten in the evacuation area.
Texto para as questões 69 e 70
Many graduates earn ‘paltry returns’ for their degree
Mr Halfon, a former skills minister, stated in his speech that
the nation has “become obsessed with full academic degrees”.
“We are creating a higher education system that
overwhelmingly favours academic degrees, while intermediate
and higher technical offerings are comparatively tiny. The
labour market does not need an ever-growing supply of
academic degrees. Between a fifth and a third of our graduates
take non-graduate jobs. The extra return for having a degree
varies wildly according to subject and institution. For many,
the returns are paltry.”
Mr Halfon said that there is a strong need for intermediate
skills. “There are skills shortages in several sectors. And there
are millions of people who want to get on in life – preferably
without spending £50,000 on academic degrees,” he added.
“There has been growing concern about the amount of debt
students are accumulating and the interest being charged on
that debt.”
A spokesman for UUK (a representative organisation for
the UK’s universities) said: “Official figures are clear that, on
average, university graduates continue to earn substantially
more than non-graduates and are more likely to be in
employment. A university degree remains an excellent
investment.”
“We must, however, be careful to avoid using graduate
salaries as the single measure of success in higher education.
Many universities specialise in fields such as the arts, the
creative industries, nursing and public sector professions that,
despite making an essential contribution to society and the
economy, pay less on average.”
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-42923529
69) (EsPCEx 2018) In the title “Many graduates earn ‘paltry
returns’ for their degree”, the word paltry means
a) big enough.
b) huge.
c) very small.
d) expected.
e) satisfactory.
70) (EsPCEx 2018) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I. Fifty percent of the graduates take non-graduate jobs.
II. Having a degree doesn’t necessarily mean having great
salaries.
III. The labour market lacks intermediate skills.
IV. Many people would rather not spend £50,000 on
academic degrees.
V. In every single case, university graduates make more
money than non-graduates.
a) All of them are correct.
b) I and V are correct.
 c) III, IV and V are correct.
d) II, III and IV are correct.
e) I and III are correct.
Texto para as questões 71 – 73
The photography exercise book by Bert Krages
Training your eye to shoot like a pro
A while ago I was asked if I’d like to have a look at Bert
Krages’ book. My initial thought was that it would pretty much
be a list of ‘try this’ exercises. Well in a way it is, in that you
really need to go out and try the exercises, not just read about
them. In much the same way that my piano playing won’t
improve by just buying more books about playing the piano…
Try the technical exercises – a desk lamp and an egg really can
teach you an enormous amount about the realities of lighting,
shadows and reflected light. I’ve been a pro photographer since
2004 and taking the time to do some of the exercises has been
of real benefit.
A well-written book that is packed with useful images to
illustrate the matters at hand. It’s nice to see the author didn’t
fall into the trap of only including ‘perfect’ photos – you will
look at some and think ‘I could do better than that’ – good!
It’s a book for people who want to take more photos and
increase their satisfaction from doing so. Definitely one to try
if you feel you’re perhaps clinging to some of the technical
aspects of photography as a bit of a safety blanket, to avoid the
fluffy artsy stuff.
Book Author Info.
Bert Krages is a photographer and attorney who is the author of
two previous photography books, Legal Handbook for
Photographers and Heavenly Bodies: The Photographer’s
Guide to Astrophotography
Adapted from http://www.northlight-images.co.uk/
71) (EsPCEx 2018) What kind of text is this?
a) Autobiography.
b) Book review.
c) Letter.
d) Recipe.
e) Contract.
72) (EsPCEx 2018) What is the question the author refers to
when he says: “...I was asked if I’d like to have a look at
Bert Krages’ book.”? (paragraph 1).
a) Did you like to have a look at Bert Krages’ book?
b) Should you like to have a look at Bert Krages’ book?
c) Need you like to have a look at Bert Krages’ book?
d) Would you like to have a look at Bert Krages’ book?
e) Do you like to have a look at Bert Krages’ book?
73) (EsPCEx 2018) In the sentence “... the author didn’t fall
into the trap of only including ‘perfect’ photos...”
(paragraph 3), the expression fall into the trap means
a) make a mistake.
b) give instructions.
c) write clearly.
d) include extra lessons.
e) improve his abilities.
Texto para as questões 74 e 75
Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside
“In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new
places, new cultures and people. However, they think their
everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine
that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the
world”, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a
106
language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in
Paraguaçu. His learners are the children of rural workers.
Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being
developed in the cooperative is to give the young people more
opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes
the ability to communicate with international buyers. “In the
future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in
countryside activities because, nowadays, rural workers’
children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes
even doctors, but those children very rarely want to have a
profession related to rural work”, says Rafael.
“That happens”, he adds, “because their parents understand
that life in the countryside can be hard work and they do not
want to see their children running the same type of life that
they have. Their children also believe that life in the country
does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the
world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The
program intends to show them that by means of a second
language they can travel, communicate with new people and
learn about new cultures as a means of promoting and selling
what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving
visitors in their workplace from abroad.”
Rafael’s strategy is to contextualize the English language
and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in the global
market. “Integrating relevant topics about countryside living
can be transformative in the classroom. The local regional and
cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning
not only for the young, but for us all.”
Adapted from
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-
english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/
74) (EsPCEx 2019) In the sentence “... our project may help
overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities...”
(paragraph 2), the word overcome means
a) increase a problem.
b) hide a problem.
c) control a problem.
d) start a problem.
e) neglect a problem.
75) (EsPCEx 2019) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I. Rafael tries to show them that their everyday lives are not
an obstacle.
II. Those children’s parents don’t want them to attend
university.
III. Rafael brings classroom topics close to what the
children see and live.
IV. Those children may replace their parents in the future as
rural workers.
V. The language school reaffirms that country life has
nothing to do with other parts of the world.
a) I, II and IV are correct.
b) II, IV, and V are correct.
c) All of them are correct.
d) I, III, IV and V are correct
e) I, III and IV are correct.
Texto para as questões 76 – 78
(Título omitido propositadamente)
Italian children have been told not to turn up to school
unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The
deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory
vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases -
but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it
was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory
immunisations before attending school. They include
vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps and
rubella.
Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from
nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under
the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be
banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if
they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations.
Italian media report that regional authorities are handling
the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the
local authority has set letters of suspension to the parents of
some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have
their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there
have been no reported cases, while still others have been given
a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline.
The new law was passed to raise Italy’s dropping
vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health
Organisation’s 95% target.
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-
47536981
76) (EsPCEx 2019) Choose the most appropriate title for the
text.
a) Italy bans unvaccinated children from school.
b) Italian vaccination rates increased to 80% this year.
c) National debate over compulsory vaccination has no
deadline.
d) Parents to face fines if they are not immunised in Italy.
e) Italy prohibits immunisation campaigns in schools.
77) (EsPCEx 2019) Choose the statement in which the word
range is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.
a) It came within my range of vision.
b) The bomb was tested on a missile range in the desert.
c) Prices range between £7 and £10.
d) There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.
e) She was cooking soup on the range.
78) (EsPCEx 2019) In the sentence “...while still others have
been given a grace period of a few days...” (paragraph 3),
the expression grace period means
a) tiebreak.
b) dead end.
c) extra time.
d) target.
e) timetable.
Texto para as questões 79 e 80
Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable
materials
The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their
products with a “sustainable material” by 2030, the company
announced.
The world’s largest toy company will invest $1 billion in
their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark,
which will be devoted to finding and implementing new
sustainable alternatives for their current building materials.
Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no
official definition of a sustainable material.
Legos have been made with a strong plastic known as
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses
more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its
products, according to NBC News.
107
Changing the raw material could have a large effect on
Lego’s carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10%
of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its
factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and
refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from
factories to toy stores.
The company has already taken steps to lower its carbon
footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an
investment in an offshore wind farm.
Adapted from http://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-
materials/
79) (EsPCEx 2019) In the sentence “Changing the raw material
could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon footprint...”
(paragraph 4), the expression carbon footprint means
a) carbon dioxide separation technology for industrial and
gas treating applications.
b) estimation of soil carbon saturation that indicates its
potential to store more carbon.
c) the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the activities
of a company.
d) species that are particularly sensitive and disappear after
a pollution event.
e) long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s
climate system.
80) (EsPCEx 2019) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) A new sustainable material has already been chosen.
b) Lego has already reduced the size of their packaging.
c) Lego is planning to reduce the size of their products.
d) Lego’s raw material will continue to be the same.
e) They are going to hire 100 specialists in 2030.
Texto para as questões 81 e 82
Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil
Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother of two
who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil. The South
American country has the world’s fourth largest prison
population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for
their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang
violence provoking deadly riots.
Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream
penitential system to a facility run by the Association for the
Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of
Itaúna, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system,
“which steals your femininity”, as Lima puts it, at the APAC
jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror,
make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes
is far more than skin-deep.
The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as
a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the country’s
prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through
the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing
to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of
the system’s philosophy. There are no guards or weapons and
visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to
the small women’s jail.
main door to the small women’s jail. Inmates are known as
recuperandos (recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus
on restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and
work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If
they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned
to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but
never a murder at an APAC jail.
 Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-
44056946
81) (EsPCEx 2019) In the sentence “But the difference
between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.”
(paragraph 2), the expression skin-deep means
a) protective.
b) extreme.
c) shocking.
d) profound.
e) superficial.
82) (EsPCEx 2019) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Brazil’s prison system is the most populous in the
world.
b) The prisoners must regret their previous crimes to be
relocated to an APAC jail.
c) There have been no cases of aggression inside APAC
facilities.
d) Lima has a child who is 12 years old.
e) Brazil is known for its poverty and street protests.
Texto para as questões 83 e 84
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to
stay in Australia
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in
history and politics – both obtained in English. She is married
to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an
equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a
native English speaker, she has excellent grammar and a broad
vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can
speak English well enough to stay in Australia.
But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a
computer-based English test – scored by a machine –
essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing
immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language.
Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek
permanent residency in Australia. She knew she would have to
sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when
she got the results. While she passed all other components of
the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when
the government requires 79. “There’s obviously a flaw in their
computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency
cannot get enough points,” she said.
The test providers have categorically denied there is
anything wrong with its computer-based test or the scoring
engine trained to analyse candidates’ responses. “We do not
offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration
department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent
residency”, they say.
Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she
will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a
more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her
Australian husband.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-
news/2017/aug/08/computer-says-no-irish-vet-fails-oral-
english-test-needed-to-stay-in-australia
83) (EsPCEx 2020) Choose the alternative that has the same
meaning as the word mandatory in the sentence “She knew
she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency
test...” (paragraph 3).
a) difficult
b) reasonable
c) compulsory
108
d) useful
e) comprehensive
84) (EsPCEx 2020) According to the context, the missing part
of paragraph 3 is ..
While she passed all other components of the test including
writing and reading, (...).
a) she got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
b) she couldn’t get the results on the computer software.
c) she didn’t have enough time to take the listening test.
d) she failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
e) she was not able to write a composition.
Texto para as questões 85 – 87
Are any foods safe to eat anymore? The fears and the facts
Food was once seen as a source of sustenance and pleasure.
Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a
minefield. Is bacon really a risk factor of cancer? Will coffee or
eggs give you a heart attack? Does wheat contribute to
Alzheimer’s disease? Will dairy products clog up your arteries?
Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook
Nigella Lawson recently put it: “You can guarantee that what
people think will be good for you this year, they won’t next
year.”
This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health
advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the
nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our
bodies. But when the media (and ill-informed health gurus)
exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context,
it can lead to unnecessary fears that may, ironically, push you
towards less healthy choices.
The good news is that “next year” you may be pleased to
learn that many of your favourite foods are not the ticking time
bomb you have been led to believe...
Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151029-are-
any-foods-safe-to-eat-anymore-heres-the-truth
85) (EsPCEx 2020) Choose the statement in which the word
minefield has been used in a figurative way just like in
paragraph 1.
a) I’ve heard stories about a ghost town that has a secret
minefield.
b) Princess Diana walked through an active minefield in
Angola.
c) The rhetoric of the legal system is a minefield for the
ordinary person.
d) A minefield located in the rear of the battle area must be
marked.
e) Placing a minefield without marking it for later removal
is a war crime.
86) (EsPCEx 2020) In the sentence “... ill -informed health
gurus...” (paragraph 2), the prefix ill means
a) finely
b) badly
c) sadly
d) highly
e) gladly
87) (EsPCEx 2020) In the text, the word ironically (paragraph
2) introduces
a) a situation that is irreversible.
b) a situation that ends the problem.
c) a situation that is not true.
d) a situation that carries a contradiction.
e) a situation that carries the solution.
Texto para as questões 88 e 89
OXFAM AMERICA
Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief.
It was started in Oxford, England in 1942 in response to the
European famine-related issues resulting from the Second
World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the
United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam.
They make up what is known as Oxfam International.
Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to
hunger, poverty, and social injustice through long-term
partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a
privately funded organization, we can speak with conviction
and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster
conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the
skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient.
Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas
particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on
developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they
are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of
food aid. Oxfam’s projects operate on the communal level, and
are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger
in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure
that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-
sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has
been or is involved range from a women’s literacy program in
India to providing microloans and agriculture education
programs for small-scale organic farmers in California.
Adapted from
http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm
88) (EsPCEx 2020) In the sentences “...barriers that foster
conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2) and “...end
hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.”
(paragraph 3), the word foster means
a) promote.
b) expel.
c) minimize.
d) finish.
e) decrease.
89) (EsPCEx 2020) According to the text, choose the correct
alternative.
a) Oxfam helps poor people only giving food to them.
b) Famine was one of the consequences of Second World
War in Europe.
c) Oxfam’s money comes from the government.
d) Oxfam’s projects are not supposed to go beyond
Europe.
e) Oxfam believes that the causes of poverty and hunger
are impossible to overcome.
Texto para as questões 90 e 91
Native English speakers are the world’s worst
communicators
It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge
financial losses for a multinational company. The message,
written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague
for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word,
the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his
dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.
Months later, senior management investigated why the
project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It
all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-
based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who
didn’t reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-
109
specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of
control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”
When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the
native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at
delivering their message than people who speak English as a
second or third language, according to Chong. “A lot of native
speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global
language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning
another language.”
The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more
purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently
with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a
second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand,
often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang,
abbreviations and references specific to their own culture, says
Chong. “The native English speaker is the only one who might
not feel the need to adapt to the others,” she adds.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-
native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicators
90) (EsPCEx 2020) Choose the alternative that correctly
substitutes SPIRALLED OUT OF CONTROL in the
sentence “Things spiralled out of control because both
parties were thinking the opposite.” (paragraph 2).
a) quickly got worse in an unmanageable way
b) got better after a phone call about the word
c) were intentionally unprofessionally handled
d) went on the way everybody wanted them to go
e) started to reach a common sense for them
91) (EsPCEx 2020) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I – The company had a profit of hundreds of thousands of
dollars.
II – The tricky word that caused the problem isn’t
mentioned in the text.
III – Native speakers don’t usually think they should adapt
in order to make themselves understood.
IV – Using abbreviations in emails facilitates the
communication.
V – Non-native speakers choose language from a limited
repertoire.
a) I, II and III are correct.
b) II, III and IV are correct.
c) I, IV and V are correct.
d) II, IV and V are correct.
e) II, III and V are correct.
Texto para as questões 92 – 94
Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts
Good Deeds as Payment
How many high schools can say they have a grocery store
inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt
High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other
necessities to students and their families while teaching
essential job skills. And the store doesn’t accept cash, just good
deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system.
The store, which aims to address food insecurities for
students and others in the community, is open Monday through
Wednesday for students and staff within the school district. “A
lot of our students come from low socioeconomic families,”
principal Anthony Love told KTVT. “It’s a way for students to
earn the ability to shop for their families. Through hard work
you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores
around the building or helping to clean.”
 The pioneering project is run in partnership with First
Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a
grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsibility falls on
the students. They stock the shelves, keep track of inventory,
address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased.
“I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job
skills that they can carry with them as they graduate high
school and move on into the world,” Love said to WAGA-TV.
“Students are really the key piece to it.”
Adapted from
https://www.southernliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-
school-grocery-store
92) (EsPCEx 2021) In the sentence “And the store doesn’t
accept cash, just good deeds.” (paragraph 1), the word
deeds means
a) bitcoins.
b) rural products.
c) actions.
d) donations.
e) checkbooks.
93) (EsPCEx 2021) According to the text, “...stock the
shelves...” (paragraph 3) is an example of
a) point system.
b) grocery store chain.
c) chores around the building.
d) job skills.
e) food necessities.
94) (EsPCEx 2021) The sentence “Students are really the key
piece to it.” (paragraph 3) can be correctly paraphrased in
the following terms:
a) Students are the most important part of the project.
b) Students are not allowed to re-take the lessons.
c) Students are profoundly upset by the project.
d) Students buy lots of products every day, including keys.
e) Students don’t earn enough points buying keys.
Texto para as questões 95 e 96
Lockdown Named 2020’s Word of the Year by Collins
Dictionary
Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives
across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by
Collins Dictionary. Lockdown is defined by Collins as “the
imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction,
and access to public spaces”. The 4.5-billion-word Collins
Corpus, which contains written material from websites, books
and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio,
television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in
its usage. In 2019, there were 4,000 recorded instances of
lockdown being used. In 2020, this had risen to more than a
quarter of a million.
“Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020
has been dominated by the global pandemic,” says Collins
language content consultant Helen Newstead. “We have chosen
lockdown as our word of the year because it encapsulates the
shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict
their daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has
affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialise. It is not a
word of the year to celebrate, but it is, perhaps, one that sums
up the year for most of the world.”
Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social
distancing and key worker were on the dictionary’s list of the
top 10 words. However, the coronavirus crisis didn’t
completely dominate this year’s vocabulary: words like
110
“Megxit,” a term to describe Prince Harry and Meghan Markle
stepping back as senior members of the royal family, also made
the shortlist along with “TikToker” (a person who regularly
shares or appears in videos on TikTok), and “BLM.” The
abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter is defined by
Collins as “a movement that campaigns against racially
motivated violence and oppression”, it registered a 581%
increase in usage.
Adapted from
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/10/lockdown-
named-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary
95) (EsPCEx 2021) Lockdown is defined by Collins as “the
imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social
interaction, and access to public spaces” (paragraph 1).
Choose another possible definition for lockdown.
a) The ability to do something very dangerous, or to face
great pain or opposition when necessary.
b) A document or statement that does not officially
represent regular or current government policy.
c) A section of a large public or private organization such
as a government, business, university, etc.
d) An official order to control the movement of people or
vehicles because of a dangerous situation.
e) A common disease that causes a high temperature and
small red spots that cover the body.
96) (EsPCEx 2021) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) All the words on the dictionary’s top 10 list were related
to the coronavirus crisis.
b) Collins Corpus is a collection of both written and
spoken language evidence.
c) The word of the year does not tell us much about the
world’s main worries.
d) BLM showed a timid increase in usage and didn’t make
the shortlist.
e) Collins counted about 100,000 uses of the word
lockdown in 2020, versus only 4,000 in 2019.
Texto para a questão 97
Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some
Fresh Air
A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by
police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of
fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei
province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on
Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which
was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.
Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s,
about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and
reminded her not to touch the button that opened the
emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some
fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the
stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The
woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour.
Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing
public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police
detention and a fine
In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time
mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her
plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released
and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was
detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price
for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and
considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a
man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in
Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in
compensation to the airline.
In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China
from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency
exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to
witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and
given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.
Adapted from
https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-
woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air
97) (EsPCEx 2021) The woman who caused the incident on
Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 was
a) less than 50 years old.
b) an hour late.
c) between 50 and 59 years old.
d) a stewardess.
e) a policewoman.
Texto para as questões 98 e 99
The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess Set
Now
Although for the past few years the most popular queen on
Netflix was undoubtedly Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, as
portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia Colman in The Crown, this
fall another type of queen made her mark: Beth Harmon, the
captivating protagonist of The Queen's Gambit, a Netflix
original that became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew
of discerning viewers to pick up chess.
Call it the Queen's Gambit effect: Chessboards are flying
off the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit
season. Just ask Anthony Barzilay Freund, editorial director
and director of fine art at vintage site 1stDibs: “The Queen's
Gambit is driving an interest in the game of chess among new
audiences and demographics,” Freund confirms: “At 1stDibs,
in just the month following the show's release, we've seen a
100% increase in sales of chessboards, pieces, and tables as
compared to this time period last year.”
Of course, while it might be enjoying a renewed popularity
at the moment, the game of chess dates back centuries and has
long captivated players all over the world. It's believed to have
derived from a 7thcentury Indian game, then evolved as it
spread across Asia and Europe in the following centuries. As a
result, says Freund, “you can find a variety of vintage and
contemporary chess paraphernalia from dealers all over the
world.” Those who don't necessarily have the budget for pawns
of precious stone have a myriad of options on the market at all
price ranges. So light a fire, make a drink, and set up the
chessboard – Beth Harmon would be proud.
Adapted from https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-
inspiration/a34874207/queens-gambit-beth-harmon-chess-sets/
98) (EsPCEx 2021) In the sentence “Chessboards are flying off
the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit
season.” (paragraph 2), the words fly off the rack mean
a) to put money in a bank account.
b) to have no chance of succeeding.
c) to be sold very quickly.
d) to make a short sound.
e) to give or return a call.
99) (EsPCEx 2021) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
111
a) “The Queen's Gambit” is a game of chess created by
Netflix.
b) After “The Queen’s Gambit”, new audiences became
interested in chess.
c) If you do not have a lot of money, you cannot afford to
buy a chess set.
d) Vintage and contemporary chessboards are considered
unusual.
e) The game of chess emerged in India in the last century
Texto para as questões 100 e 101
(Título omitido propositadamente)
Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be
clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very
regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and
stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they
look in the mirror.
I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside
people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school
or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might
be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t
always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to.
You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and
cultivate a strategy to counteract them.
If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an
internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice
that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re
worrying about not being good at something, what would you
say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them
that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe
in them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for
yourself.
Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.
100) (EsPCEx 2022) Choose the most appropriate title for the
text.
a) Why are you so tired?
b) Who’s your biggest critic?
c) How often do you talk to a friend?
d) Where’s the best place to relax?
e) Is it the voice of your parents?
101) (EsPCEx 2022) Choose the alternative that correctly
substitutes counteract in the sentence “You can,
however, recognise that they are internal voices and
cultivate a strategy to counteract them.” (paragraph 2).
a) neutralize
b) encourage
c) forget
d) remember
e) listen to
Texto para as questões 102 e 103
Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-
Invented Journalism
The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan,
whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its
aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest
Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war
correspondent.
Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on
June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to
General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the
best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and
research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia
Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.
 Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a
triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few
years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen
different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long
weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was
taking place in the telling of this story that transcended
journalism.”
The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several
newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You
There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote
back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his
assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of
the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion
forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by
surprise, fight back furiously.
Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his
gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word:
“Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to
be remembered.
Adapted from
https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-
dday-reporter.
102) (EsPCEx 2022) How many people wrote back when
Ryan placed an ad in the newspapers in 1957 (paragraph
4)?
a) 1.155
b) 1.550
c) 1.150
d) 1.105
e) 1.115
103) (EsPCEx 2022) According to the text, read the statements
and choose the correct alternative.
I – Cornelius Ryan was a reporter who documented
WWII’s D-day and made history in journalism.
II – The book The Longest Day was written in 1944 on
the eve of a long weekend.
III – “It broke completely new ground” (paragraph 2)
means Ryan’s book was different from anything that had
been done before.
IV – Ryan’s book The Longest Day was published in 18
different countries, but only in English.
V – The interviews of 1957 took place on several
beaches, but were not used in the book The Longest Day
a) I and III are correct.
b) I, II and III are correct.
c) II, III and V are correct.
d) IV and V are correct.
e) I and V are correct.
Texto para as questões 104 e 105
Romance and Reality
Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write
this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile
environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on
terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.
Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young
cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl
Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year,
every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature,
reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to
Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a
challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their
toughest hurdles.
112
Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex
warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen
weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?
Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their
worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry,
history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects
provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives,
competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our
graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper
hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between
competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these
problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own
morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In
teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but
how to think.
Adapted from
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and
+reality.
104) (EsPCEx 2022) According to the text, choose the correct
statement.
a) Poetry is responsible for bringing subjects such as
philosophy, politics, and law to West Point curriculum.
b) Poetry, history, philosophy, politics and law help
combat leaders to think critically and analyse problems
from different points of view.
c) Poetry is important because it brings irony, rhyme, and
meter to the cadets’ curriculum.
d) Combat leaders must review all the curriculum on
English literature before making important decisions.
e) America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks
studying schoolbooks that carry solutions to all the
problems.
105) (EsPCEx 2022) Choose the words that correctly and
respectively substitute meanwhile and hurdles
(paragraph 2).
a) ironically and excitements
b) contradictorily and obstacles
c) simultaneously and hobbies
d) simultaneously and obstacles
e) erroneously and advantages
Texto para as questões 106 e 107
Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021
Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use
it to keep in touch, make new friends, shop, and have fun. But
reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social
media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More
than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in
2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a
message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million
in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.
For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a
low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the
world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers
can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick.
There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on
social media and target people with false ads based on details
such as their age, interests, or past purchases.
Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers
in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments.
After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as
the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to
romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years.
While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars
lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said
they were scammed trying to buy something they saw
marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads
that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to
lookalike websites.
There are many other frauds on social media and new ones
are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline
friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see
your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what
you share online, and take care with suspect links.
Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-
spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.
106) (EsPCEx 2022) Scammer is a recurring word in the text.
We can define “scammer” as someone who
a) is in charge of a newspaper or magazine.
b) persuades people to work for a company.
c) writes books or articles to be published.
d) makes money using illegal methods.
e) manages local government services.
107) (EsPCEx 2022) The second paragraph of the text states
that
a) we have to deal with fake news all the time and try to
combat it.
b) romance scams are the most profitable fraud on social
media.
c) your online activity and personal information can be
easily captured by criminals.
d) scammers use social media platforms to promote false
investment opportunities.
e) scammers who lost money to fraud in 2021 said it
started on social media with an ad.

113
 Gabarito 62) A
1) E 63) E
2) D 64) C
3) C 65) E
4) A 66) D
5) A 67) C
6) D 68) A
7) B 69) C
8) B 70) D
9) B 71) B
10) A 72) D
11) E 73) A
12) C 74) C
13) D 75) E
14) D 76) A
15) A 77) D
16) C 78) C
17) A 79) C
18) D 80) B
19) C 81) E
20) A 82) B
21) C 83) C
22) D 84) D
23) E 85) C
24) B 86) B
25) C 87) D
26) D 88) A
27) A 89) B
28) A 90) A
29) B 91) E
30) A 92) C
31) A 93) D
32) D 94) A
33) B 95) D
34) C 96) B
35) C 97) C
36) E 98) C
37) A 99) B
38) D 100) B
39) C 101) A
40) E 102) C
41) C 103) A
42) E 104) B
43) D 105) D
44) A 106) D
45) E 107) C
46) B
47) B
48) D
49) E
50) C
51) A
52) D
53) B
54) C
55) C
56) E
57) C
58) D
59) B
60) B
61) C

114
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
AFA
1) (AFA 2011) The text DOESN’T mention that
Twilight
Twilight is a 2008 American romantic vampire film
based on Stephenie Meyer’s popular novel of the same
name. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series.
This film focuses on the development of the relationship
between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen (a vampire), and
the subsequent efforts of Cullen and his family to keep
Swan safe from a coven of evil vampires.
The project was in development for approximately 3
years at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen
adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was
written. Principal photography took 44 days and the film
was primarily shot in Oregon.
Twilight was theatrically released on November 21
2010, grossing over US$392 million worldwide and
became the most purchased DVD of the year. The
soundtrack was released in the same year. Following the
success of the film, New Moon and Eclipse, the next two
novels in the series, were produced as films the following
year.
Adapted from Wikipedia
a) the movie changed a lot from its initial storyline.
b) all the trilogy was established on stories with similar
names.
c) New Moon and Eclipse also became the most purchased
DVDs in 2010.
d) the principal character, Cullen, tried to maintain the girl
away from others of his species.
Textos para as questões 2 e 3
Titanic – The Movie
Storyline
In this fiction movie, 84 years later, a 100-year-old woman
named Rose DeWitt Bukater tells the story to her
granddaughter Lizzy Calvert and others about her life set on
April 10th 1912, on a ship called Titanic when young Rose
boards the departing ship with the upper-class passengers, her
mother Ruth DeWitt Bukater, and her fiancé. Meanwhile, a
drifter and artist named Jack Dawson and his best friend
Fabrizio De Rossi win third-class tickets to the ship in a game.
She explains the whole story from departure until the death of
Titanic on its first and last voyage April 15th, 1912 at 2:20 in
the morning.
Adapted from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/
"My Heart Will Go On" is the love theme of the 1997
blockbuster film Titanic. It was recorded by Celine Dion.
Originally released in 1997, it went to number 1 all over the
world. It became Dion's biggest hit, and one of the best selling
of all time, and was the world's best-selling single of 1998.
Adapted from Wikipedia
My Heart Will Go On (Celine Dion)
Soundtrack of Titanic
Every night in my Dreams
I see you, I feel you,
That is how I know you go on
Far across the distance
115
And spaces between us
You have come to show you go on
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
[...]
http://www.stlyrics.com/lyrics/titanic/myheartwillgoon
2) (AFA 2011) After reading both Titanic storyline and
soundtrack, we can conclude that
a) Rose and Jack promised each other to be together.
b) the couple was sure their love wouldn’t last forever.
c) Rose and Jack boarded the same ship.
d) Rose knew their dreams would come true.
3) (AFA 2011) Rose DeWitt Bukater is the
a) narrator.
b) protagonist of the real Titanic tragedy.
c) actress that starred this blockbuster.
d) inspiration for Celine Dion theme song.
4) (AFA 2011) The first boy
a) has never intended to be a Rolling Stone.
b) has never been a Rolling Stone, but wanted it had
happened.
c) has already been a Rolling Stone.
d) hasn’t wished to be a Rolling Stone yet.
Texto para as questões 5 – 7
How to Become a Stunt Double
A stunt double stands in for the actor when the action or fight
scene gets dangerous or goes beyond the capabilities of the
actor. To become a stunt double, you must be in excellent
physical condition and have special skills.
Instructions
1. Exercise regularly if you want to become a stunt double. Eat
nutritiously for optimal health and strength.
2. Take lots of lessons because the more skills you have, the
better. Gymnastics is extremely important in becoming a stunt
double. Get good at trampoline, skateboarding, swimming and
high board diving. Take scuba diving lessons. Practice rock
climbing and horseback riding. Learn to water ski and snow
ski.
3. Enroll in martial arts classes, especially judo. Judo is
excellent for learning how to break falls.
4. Get training in CPR(1) and First Aid. This training looks
good on a résumé, especially for stunt double careers. Injuries
happen.
5. Have valid driver's licenses for both car and motorcycle. c) the biography of the sisters Velma Kelly and Roxie
Take advanced driving classes so you'll be qualified for Hart.
difficult driving scenes. d) the death row conditions in that city.
6. Move to Hollywood and plan to work your way up from the 10) (AFA 2011) The expression “ [...] the fame will keep them
bottom. You must get into the Screen Actors Guild(2) and have from the gallows [...]” means the fame
a union card(3) . a) is an opportunity for a better life in the death row.
Taken from Google b) will go on.
(1) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. c) is what they wanted when they committed the crimes.
(2) Annual prize promoted by the American Syndicate of d) could avoid an execution.
Actors. Texto para as questões 11 – 16
(3) A card certifying membership in an organization. BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE ACADEMY
5) (AFA 2011) After reading this text, we can deduce that it
a) requests new stunt doubles.
b) briefs about what people should do to start any career.
c) recommends ways to deal with wounds and provides
tips to be healthy to be a double.
d) questions the problems stunt doubles usually have to
face.
6) (AFA 2011) One of the instructions below IS NOT stated
in the text. Choose it.
In order to become a stunt double you
AFA (Air Force Academy), located at Pirassununga, State
a) must have specific qualification for driving.
of São Paulo, is responsible for the training of Pilots,
b) have to consume the necessary substances for your
Administrative and Aeronautics Infantry Officers for the
health.
Brazilian Air Force.
c) need to be a black belt in martial arts.
The history of the Brazilian military pilots schools goes
d) have to show up in some specific surroundings.
back to 1913, when the Brazilian Aviation School was
7) (AFA 2011) In the article, the author DOES NOT
founded, at Campo dos Afonsos, State of Rio de Janeiro. Its
a) advise future doubles to train in First Aid to face
mission was to provide instruction at similar levels to those of
possible injuries.
the best European schools at the time; Blériot and Farman
b) recommend to eat junky food.
aircraft, made in France, were available for the instruction of
c) instruct and give tips for developing a lot of different
the pupils. The Great War 1914-1918, however, forced its
abilities.
instructors to leave and the school was closed.
d) mention that people should be qualified to join the
At that time, both the Brazilian Army and Navy had their
career.
own air arms, the Military Aviation and the Naval Aviation.
Texto para a questão 8
The Navy bought Curtiss F seaplanes in May 1916 to equip the
When the sun rose this morning,
latter, and in August of the same year, the Naval Aviation
I didn't have my baby by my side.
School was created.
When the sun rose this morning,
The Military Aviation, however, only activated its Military
I didn't have my baby by my side.
Aviation School after the Great War, on 10 July 1919. Among
I don't know where she was,
the aircrafts used at the school, one could find the Sopwith
I know she's out with some another guy.
1A2, Bréguet 14A2, and Spad 7.
fragment taken from the blues Blow Wind Blow (Muddy
Until the beginning of the 1940s, both schools continued
Waters, Paul Butterfield)
with their activities. The Brazilian Government was concerned
8) (AFA 2011) According to it, the author
with the air war in Europe and decided to concentrate under a
a) affirms he doesn’t have his lover with him.
single command the military aviation activities. Thus, on 20
b) wishes she had another man.
January 1941, the Air Ministry was created and both the Army
c) wants her back anyway.
and Navy air arms were disbanded, their personnel and
d) believes she will return that morning.
equipment forming the Brazilian Air Force. On 25 March
Texto para as questões 9 e 10
1941, the Aeronautics School was based at Campo dos
Murderesses Velma Kelly (a woman who killed her husband
Afonsos, and its students became known as Aeronautics Cadets
and sister after finding them in bed together) and Roxie Hart
from 1943 to the current days.
(who killed her boyfriend when she discovered he wasn't going
As early as 1942, it became clear that the Aeronautics
to make her a star) find themselves on death row together and
School would need to be transferred to another place, offering
fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows, in
better climate and little interference with the flight instruction
1920s musical Chicago.
of the future pilots.
Adapted from
The town of Pirassununga was chosen among others, and,
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0299658/plotsummary
in 1952, the first buildings construction was initiated. The
9) (AFA 2011) Mark the most appropriate option. According
transfer of the School activities to Pirassununga occurred from
to the plot summary, the musical Chicago shows
1960 to 1971. The School was redesigned as the Air Force
a) criminals trying to be the best-known ones.
Academy in 1969.
b) women who were abandoned by their partners.

116
 The motto of the Academy is the Latin expression “Macte
Animo! Generose Puer, sic itur ad astra”, extracted from the
poem Thebaida, by the Roman poet Tatius. It is an exhortation
to the cadets, which can be translated as Courage! This is the
way, oh noble youngster, to the stars.
The instruction of the Aeronautics Cadets, during the four-
year-long course, has its activities centred in the words
COURAGE - LOYALTY - HONOUR - DUTY -
MOTHERLAND. The future officers take courses on several
subjects, including Calculus, Computer Science, Mechanics,
Portuguese and English, given by civilian lecturers, Air Force
instructors and supervisors. The military instruction itself is
given on a daily basis, and the Cadets are trained on different
subjects, including parachuting, and sea and jungle survival.
According to the chosen specialization, the Cadet will receive
specific instruction:
Pilots: Instruction on precision maneuvering, aerobatics,
formation flying and by instruments, with 75 flying hours on
the primary/basic training aircraft T-25 Universal, beginning
on the 2nd term of the 1st year and completed in the 3rd year.
Advanced training is given on T-27 Tucano aircraft, with 125
flying hours.
Administrative: Training on the scientific and technological
modern foundations of economics and financial management,
and logistics training.
Aeronautics Infantry: Instruction on defense and security
techniques of military Aeronautics installations, anti-aircraft
measures, command of troops and fire-fighting teams, military
laws and regulations, armament usage, military service and
call-up procedures.
During their leisure time, the Cadets participate on the
activities of seven different clubs: Aeromodelling, Literature,
Informatics, Firearms shooting, Gauchos Heritage (for those
coming from the South of Brazil), Gerais Club and Sail Flying.
The clubs are directed by the Cadets themselves, under
supervision of Air Force officers.
The Academy also houses the Brazilian Air Force Air
Demonstration Squadron - The Smoke Squadron.
Flying as the eagles do!
Adapted from
http://www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br/FAB/en/afa.html
11) (AFA 2012) Mark the option that is related to the Air Force
Academy.
a) Cadets are prepared at AFA to perform in different
areas.
b) The Air Force Academy trains the Army to administer
the Brazilian officers.
c) The Academy instructs the Aeronautics Brazilian
officers to manage our country.
d) The Brazilian Aviation School forced AFA’s instructors
to abandon their military base, creating a new
command.
117
12) (AFA 2012) Read the statements in order to mark only the
correct ones according to the text.
I. The military aviation work had to be controlled by
Europe in the beginning of the 1940s because of a war.
II. Because of a war, the government resolved to unify the
military aviation operation under a single command.
III. A single officer was chosen to concentrate the military
aviation skills.
IV. As the Brazilian government got worried, it was
decided to join the military aviation operations due to air
European war.
a) III and I.
b) II and IV.
c) I, II and III.
d) II, III and IV.
13) (AFA 2012) The last sentence from the text connotes a
a) way to celebrate the importance of The Brazilian
military schools.
b) metaphor that describes the similarity among pilots,
aircrafts and wings.
c) comparison between a myth and a hero.
d) reference to ancient airplanes.
14) (AFA 2012) We can infer from the text that among the
different specializations
a) the future Pilot has to be trained for hours before
becoming skilful.
b) the pilot should follow instructions on security
techniques and deal with anti-aircraft measures more
than the Aeronautics Infantry.
c) the Administrative Officer might have the most
advanced training on aircraft of all.
d) Aeronautics Infantry and Pilots ought to obtain more
and more instructions on aerobatics.
15) (AFA 2012) Read the statements about the informative text
and mark the correct option.
I. In the beginning of the last century, Brazilian cadets were
sent to the best European schools that provided them
instruction.
II. In France, the youngsters had Blériot and Farman
aircraft instruction.
III. Brazilian Aviation School had to be closed in 1913.
IV. The Brazilian Aviation School and the Naval Aviation
School were created in the same year.
a) Only I and II are correct.
b) Only III and IV are correct.
c) All sentences are correct.
d) None of the sentences are correct.
16) (AFA 2012) According to the text, in 1941,
a) the Brazilian Air Force replaced the Army and Navy air
arms.
b) Military and Naval aviation schools were created at
Campo dos Afonsos.
c) students from both Military and Naval aviation schools
started to be called Aeronautics Cadets.
d) the Air Ministry created the Army and Navy air arms.
Texto para as questões 17 – 21
Why Bilinguals Are Smarter
Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious
practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in
recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages
of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to
converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns
out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your
brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and
even protecting from dementia in old age.
This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the
understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th
century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long
considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively
speaking, that delayed a child’s academic and intellectual
development. They were not wrong about the interference:
there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both
language systems are active even when he is using only one
language, thus creating situations in which one system
obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are
finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise.
It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a
workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.
Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more adept than
monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a
2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle
Martin-Rhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were
asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a
computer screen into two digital bins — one marked with a
blue square and the other marked with a red circle. In the first
task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue
circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares
in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with
comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by
shape, which was more challenging because it required placing
the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The
bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.
The collective evidence from a number of such studies
suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s
so-called executive function — a command system that directs
the attention processes that we use for planning, solving
problems and performing various other mentally demanding
tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay
focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another
and holding information in mind — like remembering a
sequence of directions while driving.
Why does the fight between two simultaneously active
language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until
recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage was
centered primarily in an ability for inhibition that was
improved by the exercise of suppressing one language system:
this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual
mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that
explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies
have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals
even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line
through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on
a page.
The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain
from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it
may also apply to those who learn a second language later in
life).
118
In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International
School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old
babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared
with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of tests,
the infants were presented with an audio stimulus and then
shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups
learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the
puppet. But in a later set of tests, when the puppet began
appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies
exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch
their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other
babies did not.
Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years. In
a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals,
scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the
University of California, San Diego, found that individuals
with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured through a
comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language —
were more resistant than others to the beginning of dementia
and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the
degree of bilingualism, the later the age of occurrence.
Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who
would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences
we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?
Adapted from
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-
benefits-of-bilingualism.html
17) (AFA 2012) The last two sentences of the second paragraph
mean that the interference of bilingualism
a) was considered positive in the past, but nowadays this
view has changed.
b) has always been a problem, since the brain has to solve
an internal conflict.
c) brings to the brain an internal conflict that improves its
cognition.
d) has proved to increase the disabilities of the brain and
reduce the blessings it can have.
18) (AFA 2012) Considering the context, mark the alternative
that contains the correct synonym or explanation to the
words from the text.
a) Remarkably (line 9) – ordinarily, usually.
b) For instance (line 22) – in my opinion.
c) So-called (line 38) – used to introduce a new
expression.
d) Even (line 54) – used to explain something.
19) (AFA 2012) Mark the INCORRECT option. According to
the text, recent researches prove that bilingualism
a) causes general cognitive development.
b) enables people to communicate better in both languages
only.
c) prevents people from suffering from problems related to
memory and other mental disorders or delay these
problems.
d) is seen as positive cognitive interference.
20) (AFA 2012) Based on the text, it is NOT correct to state
that bilingualism
a) delays the symptoms of diseases related to old age.
b) has effect on children’s brains.
c) is irrelevant for the elderly.
d) develops the ability of performing difficult tasks.
21) (AFA 2012) The psychological study done in 2004 (3rd
paragraph) showed that
a) the children in preschool had the same performances in
both tests.
b) bilingual children were more efficient in the most
complex test.
c) monolinguals are better at solving mental puzzles.
d) blue and red are confusing colors for both groups.
Texto para as questões 22 – 25
ETHICS OF WAR
Human beings have been fighting each other since
prehistoric times, and people have been discussing the rights
and wrongs of it for almost as long.
The Ethics of War starts by assuming that war is a bad
thing, and should be avoided if possible, but it recognizes that
there can be situations when war may be the lesser evil of
several bad choices.
War is a bad thing because it involves deliberately killing
or injuring people, and this is a fundamental wrong – an abuse
of the victims human rights.
The purpose of war ethics is to help decide what is right or
wrong, both for individuals and countries, and to contribute to
debates on public policy, and ultimately to government and
individual action.
War ethics also leads to the creation of formal codes of war
(e.g. the Hague and Geneva conventions), the drafting and
implementation of rules of engagement for soldiers, and in the
punishment of soldiers and others for war crimes.
The three key questions are:
Is it ever right to go to war?
When is it right to fight?
What is the moral way to conduct a war?
The discussion of the ethics of war goes back to the Greeks
and Romans, although neither civilization behaved particularly
well in war.
In the Christian tradition war ethics were developed by St
Augustine, and later by St Thomas Aquinas and others.
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), a Dutch philosopher and author
of De Jure Belli Ac Pacis (The Rights of War and Peace),
wrote down the conditions for a just war that are accepted
today.
Cicero argued that there was no acceptable reason for war
outside of just revenge or self-defence – in which he included
the defence of honor.
He also argued that a war could not be just unless it was
publicly declared and unless compensation for the enemy’s
offence had first been demanded.
Cicero based his argument on the assumption that nature
and human reason influenced a society against war, and that
there was a fundamental code of behavior for nations.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/war/. Shtml
Acessado em 14/03/2013
22) (AFA 2013) The main purpose of this text is to
a) alert readers about all the disadvantages related to wars.
b) show that moral rules of behavior concerning wars had
long been discussed.
c) prevent humans from engaging or fighting.
d) influence societies to follow their nature and therefore,
justify their warlike behavior when facing future wars.
119
23) (AFA 2013) War ethics’ intention, according to the text, is
to show that
a) even the enemies deserve a fair treatment.
b) in a war every violent action can be justified.
c) individual actions shouldn’t be controlled.
d) it’s wrong not to kill your opponent.
24) (AFA 2013) According to the first paragraph, it’s correct to
state that
a) only after fighting for a long time humans began to
worry about the correctness of their fights.
b) people always cared for their enemies rights.
c) in prehistoric times people were more peaceful.
d) fighting and talking about fighting have happened for
just about the same time.
25) (AFA 2013) The best definition for the word ‘drafting’
(line 16) is a/the
a) concluded idea about an assumption.
b) system of regulations only for the high ranking officers.
c) written version that is not in its final form.
d) personnel who select the drafted soldiers.
Texto para as questões 26 – 30
SEPTEMBER 11
On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants associated with
the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airlines and
carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States.
Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World
Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon
just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in
a field in Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks
resulted in extensive death and destruction, activating major
U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency
of George W. Bush. Over three thousand people were killed
during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C.,
including more than four hundred police officers and
firefighters.
At 8:45 a.m., on a clear Tuesday morning, an American
Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with twenty thousand gallons of jet
fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in
New York City. The impact left a wide, burning hole near the
80th floor of the 110- story skyscraper, instantly killing
hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher
floors. Eighteen minutes after the first plane hit, a second
Boeing 767– United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the
sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and crashed
into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a
massive explosion that showered burning fragment over
surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was
under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and
several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi
fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda terrorist organization,
they were acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel,
its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued
military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had
lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken
flying lessons at American commercial flight schools.
As millions watched the events unfolding in New York,
American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown
Washington, D.C., and banged into the west side of the
Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the
Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to the
structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building.
Less than fifteen minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve
center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a
catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the
World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and
smoke. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed.
Close to three thousand people died in the World Trade Center
and its vicinity, including an impressive three hundred and
forty three firefighters and paramedics, twenty three New York
City police officers and thirty seven Port Authority police
officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the
buildings and save the office workers trapped* on higher
floors.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane– United Flight
93–was hijacked about forty minutes after leaving Newark
International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had
been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of
events in New York and Washington via cell phone calls to the
ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an
airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and
flight attendants planned a rebellion. One of the passengers,
Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know
we're all going to die. There are three of us who are going to do
something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger–
Todd Beamer–was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's
roll" over an open line.
The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected
to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane
then flipped over and sped toward the ground, crashing in a
rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All forty-five
people aboard were killed. Within two months, U.S. forces had
effectively removed the Taliban from operational power, but
the war continued. Osama bin Laden, was finally chased and
killed by U.S. forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Adapted from http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks
Acessado em 04/04/2013
26) (AFA 2013) One of the main reasons of the Al Qaeda
attacks was
a) a necessity of taking initiatives to force George W. Bush
out.
b) the retaliation against the contribution given to Israel by
the USA.
c) because the Middle East had lost previous wars against
the USA.
d) to incite terrorism in New York and Washington, D.C.
27) (AFA 2013) Consider the following statements based on
the text.
I. Almost three thousand people were saved in the World
Trade Center.
II. The hijackers of the United Flight 93 plane circled over
downtown in Washington, D.C.
III. A fire extinguisher is supposed to be the weapon used
by the passengers to attack the hijackers.
IV. The North tower was the second giant concrete building
to collapse.
120
The correct ones are Only
a) I and III.
b) I and II.
c) III and IV.
d) I, II and III.
28) (AFA 2013) According to the text, “some terrorists had
lived in the United States for more than a year [...]”. It
means that the terrorists
a) lived in the US before the attacks.
b) were still living in the US when the tragedy happened.
c) had plans to move to America after the deadly events.
d) intended to leave the US.
29) (AFA 2013) The word “meanwhile” (paragraph 5) indicates
in the text that
a) many events happened at different times.
b) a short event interfered in a longer one.
c) two events were happening at the same time.
d) an important event would come to pass.
30) (AFA 2013) The verb “learned” (line 56) has the same
meaning as
a) talked about
b) heard
c) looked for
d) typed
Texto para as questões 31 – 35
JOBS AT HIGH RISK
It is an invisible force that goes by many names.
Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence.
Technology. Innovation. And, everyone's favorite, ROBOTS.
Whatever name you prefer, some form of it has been
stimulating progress and killing jobs — from tailors to
paralegals — for centuries. But this time is different: nearly
half of American jobs today could be automated in "a decade
or two". The question is: which half?
Another way of posing the same question is: Where do
machines work better than people? Tractors are more powerful
than farmers. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than
assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and
robots have succeeded replacing a particular kind of
occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy
worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration.
Indeed, it's projected that the next wave of computer
progress will continue to endanger human work where it
already has: manufacturing, administrative support, retail, and
transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are "likely to
diminish over the next decades". Cashiers, counter clerks, and
telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand,
health care workers, people responsible for our safety, and
management positions are the least likely to be automated.
The next big thing
We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in
robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years
have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually
increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by
their own moats. Higher-skill workers have been protected by a
kind of social-intelligence moat. Computers are historically
good at executing routines, but they're bad at finding patterns,
communicating with people, and making decisions, which is
what managers are paid to do. This is why some people think
managers are, for the moment, one of the largest categories
immune to the fast wave of AI.
 Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have been protected by the
Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out
that machine technology copied a savant infant: Machines
could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in
chess, but they can't answer a simple question or walk up a
flight of stairs. As a result, not skilled work done by people
without much education (like home health care workers, or
fast-food attendants) have been saved, too.
The human Half
In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology
replaced what was then skilled labor. In the second half of the
20th century, however, software technology took the place of
median-salaried office work. The first wave showed that
machines are better at assembling things. The second showed
that machines are better at organizing things. Now data
analytics and self-driving cars suggest they might be better at
patternrecognition and driving. So what are we better at?
The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers,
health-care workers, and a super-category that includes
education, media, and community service. One conclusion to
draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior
at working with, and caring for other humans. In this light,
automation doesn't make the world worse. Far from it: it
creates new opportunities for human creativity.
But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and
surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that
replaces teaching hours. The fact that some industries have
been safe from automation for the last three decades doesn't
guarantee that they'll be safe for the next one.
It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs
are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier. We don't
really have a clue.
(Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-
overtaking-american-jobs-2014-1)
Glossary:
savant infant – a child with great knowledge and ability
to assemble – to make something by joining separate parts
to creep – to move slowly, quietly and carefully
31) (AFA 2014) One of the purposes of the text is to show that
a) machines are as effective at reaching decisions as we
are.
b) some easy tasks are much more difficult to a machine.
c) automated activities are the most questionable ones to
be done by robots.
d) human beings are getting worse and worse at
performing robot’s tasks.
32) (AFA 2014) According to the first paragraph, robots can be
_____ by many names.
a) Called
b) Invented
c) Examined
d) Protected
33) (AFA 2014) The expression “wave of computer progress”
(lines 16 and 17) has the same idea as
a) increase of social skills.
b) reduction of skilled machine.
c) technology advances.
d) social-intelligence moat.
34) (AFA 2014) According to paragraph 5, managers are
a) at risk of losing their jobs.
b) professionals that need to have social skills.
c) paid to do manual work.
121
d) subjected to automation.
35) (AFA 2014) Mark the option closest in meaning to “We
don't really have a clue” (line 67).
a) We're completely unable to guess what will happen.
b) People are prepared for hard times in the future.
c) We're not trying to find out what the right thing to do is.
d) We won't have a chance in the future.
Texto para as questões 36 – 40
JOBS OF THE FUTURE
“There is no future in any job. The future lies in the person
who holds the job.” – George W. Crane
One of my primary complaints with higher education is that
they tend to prepare students for jobs of the past. Similarly, the
best paying jobs of the future are all jobs that currently exist
today. Many of them will still exist in the future, but with some
changes as technology and communication systems make their
impact.
As a rule of thumb, 60% of the jobs 10 years from now
haven’t been invented yet. With that in mind, I’ve decided to
put together a list of some jobs that will be in high demand in
the future.
Jobs before 2020
Many of the changes we see today will cause new jobs to
materialize quickly. This first section deals with new positions
that will likely be developed within the next 10 years.
3D printing engineers – Classes in 3D printing are already
being introduced into high schools and the demand for printer-
produced products will rise quickly. The trend will be for these
worker-less workshops to enter virtually different fields, at the
same time, driving the need for competent technicians and
engineers to design and maintain the next wave of this
technology.
Nano-medics – Health professionals capable of working on the
nano-level, both in designing diagnostics systems, remedies,
and monitoring solutions will be in high demand.
Organ agents – The demand for transplantable organs is
exploding and people who can track down and deliver healthy
organs will be in hot demand.
Octogenarian service providers – As the population
continues to age we will have record numbers of people living
into their 80s, 90s, and 100s. This growing group of active
oldsters will provide a demand for goods and services currently
not being addressed in today’s marketplace.
Jobs in 2030 and beyond
A number of technologies currently on the drawing board
will require a bit longer lead time before the industry comes
into its own. Here are a few examples of these kinds of jobs:
Body part & limb makers – The organ agents listed before
will quickly find themselves out of work as soon as we figure
out how to efficiently grow and mass produce our own organs
from scratch.
Earthquake forecasters – While scientists are developing
skills to work with nanoscale precision on the earth’s surface,
the best we can know about below the surface is blindfolded
guesswork done with 100-mile precision. What we don’t know
is literally killing us – over 226,000 killed in 2010 alone. But
that will change over time as we begin to understand the inner
working of the earth and accurately forecast when the next big
quakes are about to hit.
“Heavy air” engineers – Compressed air is useful in a wide
variety of ways. However, we have yet to figure out how to
compress streams of air as they pass through our existing
atmosphere. Once we do, it will create untold opportunity for
non-surface based housing and transportation system, weather
control, and other kinds of experimentation.
Final thoughts
The jobs and occupations listed above are just scratching the
surface. This list is intended to help stretch your imagination
and start you down a path of imagining your own future.
(Adapted from http://www.futuristspeaker.com/2011/11/55-
jobs-of-the-future)
36) (AFA 2014) Read the statements and mark the right option.
I. Universities and colleges prepare students for jobs that
already exist.
II. All jobs of the future will be better paid than today's
jobs.
III. The majority of future jobs are still unknown.
The correct statement(s) is (are)
a) I, II and III.
b) II.
c) III.
d) I and III.
37) (AFA 2014) The text's main goal is to
a) force some jobs out of the marketplace.
b) call people's attention to future professional
opportunities.
c) increase the number of educated people in high school.
d) create careers for people who predict the future.
38) (AFA 2014) Mark the INCORRECT alternative.
a) Some professionals of the future will have to deal with
environmental issues.
b) In the future, old people will need services that have not
been given attention yet.
c) Changes in the world today will stimulate the creation
of new jobs.
d) Technology and communication won't affect existing
jobs.
39) (AFA 2014) All the following verbs are used in the text in
their literal meaning, EXCEPT
a) rise (line 19).
b) explode (line 28).
c) age (line 31).
d) kill (line 47).
40) (AFA 2014) “The jobs and occupations listed above are just
scratching the surface.” (lines 58 and 59) This sentence
means that
a) occupations listed in the text are not really interesting
for young workers.
b) the jobs' reality relies much upon the possibility one has
to work.
c) new jobs and occupations are becoming real as time
goes by.
d) if you work with surface professions, there's a great
possibility of success.
122
Texto para as questões 41 – 48
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDS AND
TYPES OF FRIENDSHIP
Everyone has at least one best friend, some maybe even
more. There are also those people who are just friends and also
arch-enemies. People may think that just because they are your
friends it means that they are your best friend. The thing is,
even though they are your friend, the relationship between a
best friend and a friend is different. Either way regardless of
arch-enemies, friends or best friends, there are not many ways
to compare any of these different types of friends, but you can
easily contrast them from one another.
Arch-enemies often know more about each other than two
friends. In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is
considered to be closer than association, although a wide range
of degrees of intimacy exists in friendships, arch-enemies, and
associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as
spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is
included in the fields of sociology, social psychology,
anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Even animals have
familiars! Various academic theories of friendship have been
proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity
theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. In Russia,
one typically bestows very few people the status of “friend”.
These friendships, however, make up in intensity what they
lack in number. Friends are entitled to call each other by their
first names alone, and to use diminutives. A customary
example of polite behavior is addressing "acquaintances" by
full first name plus their patronymic. These could include
relationships which elsewhere would be qualified as real
friendships, such as workplace relationships of long standing,
or neighbors with whom one shares an occasional meal or a
social drink with.
Also in the Middle East and Central Asia, male friendships,
while less restricted than in Russia, tend to be reserved and
respectable in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive
forms of their first names. In countries like India, it is believed
in some parts that friendship is a form of respect, not born out
of fear or superiority. Friends are people who are equal in most
standards, but still respect each other regardless of their
attributes or shortcomings. Most of the countries previously
mentioned (Russia, Asia, and even the Middle East) and even
our own nation are suffering a decline in genuine friendships.
According to a study documented in the June 2006 issue of
the Journal American Sociological Review, Americans are
thought to be suffering a loss in the quality and quantity of
close friendships since at least 1985. The study’s results state
that twenty-five percent of Americans have no close
confidants, and the average total number of confidants per
citizen has dropped from four to two. According to the study,
Americans' dependence on family as a safety net went up from
fifty-seven percent to eighty percent; Americans dependence
on a partner or spouse went up from five percent to nine
percent.
Recent studies have found a link between fewer friendships,
especially in quality, and psychological and physiological
regression. In the sequence of the emotional development of
the individual, friendships come after parental bonding and
before the pair bonding engaged in at the approach of maturity.
In the intervening period between the end of early childhood
and the onset of full adulthood, friendships are often the most
important relationships in the emotional life of the adolescent,
and are often more intense than relationships experienced later
in life.
Unfortunately, making friends seems to trouble many of
people. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging for all
ages, from young children to full grown adults. A study
performed by researchers from Purdue University found that
post-secondary-education friendships, college and university
last longer than the friendships before it. Children with
Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty
forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are
just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in.
This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships,
however. With time, moderation and proper instruction, they
are able to form friendships after realizing their own strengths
and weaknesses.
There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the
link, including that; Good friends encourage their friends to
lead more healthy lifestyles; Good friends encourage their
friends to seek help and access services, when needed; Good
friends enhance their friend’s coping skills in dealing with
illness and other health problems; and/or Good friends actually
affect physiological pathways that are protective of health.
Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are
some ways that friends, best friends and arch-enemies are the
same, but in the end they are clearly more different.
Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives.
(Adapted from:
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/the-relationship-
between-friends-and-types-of-friendship-philosophy-
essay.php)
41) (AFA 2015) “In Russia, one typically bestows very few
people the status of ‘friend’ ” (lines 20-21) means that
a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all
are trustful.
d) the status of “friend” in Russia shows how much one is
respected.
42) (AFA 2015) The first paragraph
a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart.
43) (AFA 2015) “Socially crippling conditions” (line 69) refers
to
a) college and university atmosphere.
b) Asperger and autism children.
c) post-secondary-education friendships.
d) researchers and friends.
44) (AFA 2015) Mark the option that is closest in meaning to
“Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of
people” (lines 62-63).
a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of
people.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of
people.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of
people.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of
people.
123
45) (AFA 2015) According to the last paragraph
a) every human being is the same in many ways.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of
them.
46) (AFA 2015) According to the information in the fourth and
fifth paragraphs
a) the quality of American close friendships have been
decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their
dependence on a partner or spouse.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries
such as Russia and Asia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of
respect, fear and superiority standards.
47) (AFA 2015) “Good friends enhance their friend's coping
skills in dealing with illness and other health problems”
(lines 78 to 80). The highlighted word has the same
meaning as in
a) engrave.
b) entreat.
c) enlighten.
d) enlist.
48) (AFA 2015) The expression “coping skills” (line 79) is
closest in meaning to
a) the capability to give up something.
b) the ability to manage something.
c) the position to resent something.
d) the condition to resign from something.
Texto para as questões 49 – 55
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning
styles’ by Valerie Strauss
The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized
30 years ago when we now world-renowned psychologist
Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind:
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new
model of human intelligence that went beyond the traditional
view that there was a single kind that could be measured by
standardized tests.
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which
work together: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical,
bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later
added an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a
few more. The theory became highly popular with K-12
educators1 around the world seeking ways to reach students
who did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time,
‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became synonymous with the
concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner
explains why the former is not the latter.
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple
intelligences’. I have been gratified by the interest shown in
this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence
has driven me to distraction and that’s the tendency of many
people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with the
notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple
intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s high time to relieve
my pain and to set the record straight.
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in
several disciplines, including the study of how human
capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that
each of us has a number of relatively independent mental
faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple intelligences’. The
basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence
assumes that we have one central, all-purpose computer, and it
determines how well we perform in every sector of life. In
contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human
beings have 7 to 10 distinct intelligences.
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term
‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in educational
circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all
children (indeed all of us) have distinctive minds and
personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are
appropriate, that they value, and above all, are effective.
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself
not coherent. Those who use this term do not define the criteria
for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have
a learning style that is ‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny
is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? What
does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’,
or should we compensate by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of
learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same
issues apply.
Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify
learning styles, teach consistently with those styles, and
examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the
learning style analysis produces more effective outcomes than
a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the learning style
analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the
mark, the fact that one intervention did not work does not mean
that the concept of learning styles is fatally imperfect; another
intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence
does not prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to
educational researchers: ‘back to the drawing boards’.
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to
analyze this lexical terrain:
Intelligence: We all have the multiple intelligences. But we
signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where the person
has considerable computational power.
Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how an individual
approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a
‘reflective style’, he/she is hypothesized to be reflective about
the full range of materials. We cannot assume that
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in
one’s interaction with the others.
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an
‘auditory’ learner. The implication is that some people learn
through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion is
incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the
eyes, but they make use of entirely different cognitive faculties.
What matters is the power of the mental computer, the
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once
picked up.
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk
about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual learner’, that’s their
prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be
unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst.
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have
a range of intelligences and that strength (or weakness) in one
intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any
other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of
124
intelligences. There are common sense ways of assessing our
own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take
a more formal test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or
self-assessors, we can decide how best to make use of this
information.
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-
sheet)
Glossary:
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary
curriculum and methods for teaching with objects.
49) (AFA 2016) The text
a) aims at highlighting distinctive mind barriers related to
learning.
b) provides the reader with a bird’s-eye-view of Gardner’s
landmark publication.
c) develops a considerable set of psychological and mental
implications.
d) concerns about spending 30 years to measure people’s
intelligence.
50) (AFA 2016) Mark the option that shows synonyms for the
underlined expressions in “it’s high time to relieve my pain
and to set the record straight” (lines 25 and 26).
a) An important brake / to register.
b) An ordinary condition / to show the discussion.
c) A belated explanation / to make myself clearly
understood.
d) An unusual hour / to comprehend an argument.
51) (AFA 2016) In the fourth paragraph (lines 27 to 36), it’s
said that
a) a single intelligence (SI) concept leads to the
assumption of computers which control 7 to 10 distinct
intelligences.
b) MI theory believes that instead of a central computer
mastering various sectors, there are a larger amount of
them relatively autonomous.
c) MI theory estimates the existence of a central computer
responsible for 7 to 10 distinct intelligences.
d) a SI determines people’s performance in different
sectors of life through autonomous computers.
52) (AFA 2016) Mark the alternative in which the problems
described in paragraphs 6 and 7 (lines 44 to 64) are
correctly summarized.
a) The idea of teaching distinct leaning styles and their
consistence were questionable concepts when researches
started.
b) Educational researchers have found that an impulsive
learning style causes problems in its outcomes.
c) There are proofs that different learning styles exist and
produce positive results.
d) The notion of learning styles and the outcomes observed
when teaching based on them need further studies.
53) (AFA 2016) The expression “one size fits all approach”
(line 58) means
a) for a variety of cases a single aftermath.
b) the body dimension for human beings.
c) different outcomes for different people.
d) every person has the same achievements.
54) (AFA 2016) The expression “back to the drawing boards”
(line 63) suggests that
a) one should pay more attention to the blackboards.
b) every researcher should draw schemes on boards.
c) more knowledge of the subject shall be considered.
 d) the evidences are clear on drawing boards.
55) (AFA 2016) According to the last paragraph
a) many outcomes have shown more kinds of strong or
weak intelligences.
b) other intelligences are always more significant for
human beings.
c) despite gathering distinctive intelligences people use
their senses.
d) knowing intelligences are many, one becomes able to
use them as needed.
Texto para as questões 56 – 67
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND
SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is
prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused
by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop
failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the
main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental
factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given
place, economic factors determine the buying and production
capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of
food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and
short term negative impacts which include starvation,
malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1 . There is
need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using
both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food
shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than
increase in food production. The world is consuming more than
it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage
level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand.
Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for
human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor,
2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in
urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction
of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest
has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and
desertification. Population increase means more pollution as
people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The
resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect
the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food
shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production.
The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities
and to some small extent natural activities. Increased
combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through
power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits
green house gases which have continued to affect world
climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure
has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to
desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land
degradation due to increased human activities has impacted
negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural
disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged
droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on
food security particularly in developing countries. There are
several economic factors that contribute to food shortage.
Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in
agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations
have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers
cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming
125
methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use.
Investments in agricultural research and developing are very
low in developing nations. Recent global financial crisis have
led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in
agriculture by individuals and governments in developed
nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage.
The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as
seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children
succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand
long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of
emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These
include increase in the price of food as a result demand and
supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the
increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain
producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of
food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the
price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial
agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political
instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe
in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina
Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations
(Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage.
There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and
pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through
concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in
clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in
homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects
on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help
poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in
order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere
(Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with
climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects
aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
auses of food shortage are well known and can be solved if
appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and
effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food
shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human
activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be
controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-
causeseffects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different
groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the
usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or
an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed
on grass
56) (AFA 2017) The text
a) points out how well Burkina Faso dealt with food
shortage.
b) shows a remaining difficulty as well as its way out.
c) highlights the importance of urbanization for crop
fields.
 d) states that land degradation is a natural impact for
today’s climatic stability.
57) (AFA 2017) Mark the INCORRECT option according to
the text.
a) There are no clear explanations on reasons for food
shortage.
b) If one applies the required solutions one solves food
shortage problem.
c) Green house issues have contributed for experiencing
food restriction.
d) Droughts and desertification also harm food production.
58) (AFA 2017) The first paragraph states that crop failure,
overpopulation and poor government policies are the main
cause of food scarcity in most countries. Such problems
may represent respectively
a) urban, economic and social factors.
b) economic, social and environmental factors.
c) economic, environmental and political factors.
d) environmental, social and economic factors.
59) (AFA 2017) Some environmental factors that have
contributed to food shortage are
a) land degradation, deforestation and fuel prices.
b) climatic change, combustion of fossil fuels and floods.
c) agriculture, fertilizers and cost of food production.
d) droughts, tropical storms and reduced investments in
agriculture.
60) (AFA 2017) “Overcrowding of population” (line 22) in the
text means a
a) short number of inhabitants.
b) place for human beings.
c) great amount of people.
d) lack of populational area.
61) (AFA 2017) The sentence “the change in climate is majorly
caused by human activities” (line 32) means that
a) human activities are majorly responsible for the climate
change.
b) the change in climate is responsible for several human
activities.
c) human changes have caused lots of climate problems.
d) changes in climate are leading to the current human
behaviors.
62) (AFA 2017) In the sentence “the change in climate is
majorly caused by human activities” (line 32), the
highlighted word means
a) on the average.
b) basically.
c) unlikely.
d) up to a great extent.
63) (AFA 2017) The sentence “recent global financial crisis
have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments
in agriculture” (lines 52 to 54) states that
a) investments in agriculture have increased as much as
food prices after the recent global crisis.
b) food prices are getting lower than investments in
agriculture because of the recent global financial crisis.
c) investments in agriculture are getting more and more
common since food prices are getting higher.
d) food prices are getting higher and investments in
agriculture are getting lower due to the recent global
financial crisis.
126
64) (AFA 2017) Starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality
and political unrest are mentioned in the text as examples of
a) food shortage negative impacts.
b) food shortage main causes.
c) long term measures to overcome the scarcity of food.
d) emergency measures to overcome the scarcity of food.
65) (AFA 2017) The scarcity of food may lead to long term
effects such as
a) malnutrition and hunger.
b) the increase of food prices.
c) starvation and death.
d) climatic changes.
66) (AFA 2017) Investing in clean energy is considered
a) one of the worst solutions to the problem of food
shortage.
b) a good way to increase the green house emissions.
c) a reasonable idea to reduce the adverse effects on the
environment.
d) a concern faced by several nations in political instability
and social unrest.
67) (AFA 2017) The text conclusion seems to be
a) logical and sharp.
b) nonsense and worn out.
c) controversial and useful.
d) excessive and repeated.
Texto para as questões 68 – 76
WHY DO SUPERVILLAINS FASCINATE US? A
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Why are we fascinated by supervillains? Posing the
question is much like asking why evil itself intrigues us, but
there's much more to our continued interest in supervillains
than meets the eye.
Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the Red Skull run
unconstrained by conventional morality, they exist outside the
limits of reality itself. Their evil, even at its most realistic,
retains a touch of the unreal.
But is our fascination with fantastic fiends1 healthy? From a
psychological perspective, views vary on what drives our
enduring interest in superhuman bad guys.
Shadow confrontation: Psychiatrist Carl Jung believed we
need to confront and understand our own hidden nature to grow
as human beings. Healthy confrontation with our shadow
selves can unearth new strengths (e.g., Bruce Wayne creating
his Dark Knight persona to fight crime), whereas unhealthy
attempts at confrontation may involve dwelling on or
unleashing the worst parts of ourselves.
Wish fulfillment: Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as
inherently antisocial, biologically driven by the undisciplined
id's pleasure principle to get what we want when we want it –
born to be bad but held back by society. Even if the psyche
fully develops its ego (source of self-control) and superego
(conscience), Freudians say the id still dwells2 underneath, and
it wishes for many selfish things – so it would love to be
supervillainous.
Hierarchy of needs: Humanistic psychologist Abraham
Maslow held that people who haven't met their most basic
needs will have difficulty maturing. If starved for food, you're
unlikely to feel secure. If starved for love and companionship,
you'll have trouble building self-esteem. People who dwell on
their deficits may envy and resent others who have more than
they do. Some people who are unable to overcome social
shortcomings fantasize about obtaining any means, good or
bad, to satisfy every need and greed.
Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov would say we can learn to
associate supervillains with other things we value – like
entertainment, strength, freedom or the heroes themselves.
Behaviorist B.F. Skinner would likely argue that we can find it
reinforcing to watch or read about supervillains, but without
knowing what's reinforcing about them, that's a bit like saying
it's rewarding because it's rewarding.
Our Motivations for Seeking Out Supervillains
Throughout history, humans have been captivated by
stories of heroes facing off against superhuman foes3. But what
specific rewards, needs, wishes and dark dreams do
supervillains satisfy?
Freedom: Superpowered characters enjoy freedoms the rest
of us don't. Nobody can arrest Superman unless he lets them (at
least not without kryptonite handcuffs). As much time as
supervillains spend locked up, they seem to escape as often as
they please, to run unconstrained by rules and regulations.
Cosplayers who dress like Wonder Woman and Captain
America can't do any crazy thing that crosses their minds
without seeming to mock and insult our heroes, whereas those
dressed as villains get to go wild. Supervillainy feels liberating.
Power: Maybe you envy the power these evil characters
wield4. While that's also a reason to adore superheroes, good
guys don't ache to dominate. Stories like Watchmen and
Kingdom Come show how heroes become menaces5 when they
try to take over. So when dreaming of superpowers, maybe you
relate to characters who dream of power as well, from the
Scarecrow (who controls individuals' fears) to Doctor Doom
(who's perpetually out to dominate the world).
Better villain than victim: Physiologically, anger activates
us and feels better than anxiety or fear. One who feels
victimized and cannot figure out constructive ways to stand up,
be strong or become heroic might twist the need for self-
assertion into destruction. Alternately, a healthy person simply
might focus on how all characters assert themselves in any
given story.
Better villain equals better hero: A hero only appears as
heroic as the challenge he or she must overcome. Great heroes
require great villains. Without supercriminals, the world's
finest heroes seem like overpowered brutes nabbing thugs6
unworthy of them.
Through myths, legends and lore across time, we have needed
heroes who rise to the occasion, overcome great odds7 and take
down giants.
Facing our fears: Instead of dreading the darkness, you
might reduce that dread by shining a light and seeing what's out
there. Fiction can help us feel empowered and enlightened
without literally traipsing into mob hangouts8 and poorly lit
alleyways9.
Exploring the unknown: Our need to challenge the
unknown has driven the human race to cover the globe. This
powerful curiosity makes us wonder about everything that
baffles10 us, including the world's worst fiends. Knowledge is
power, or at least feels like it. When gritty details repulse us,
exploring evil through the filter of fiction can help us
contemplate humanity's worst without turning away or
dwelling almost voyeuristically on real human tragedy. Even
when the fiction is about improbable people doing impossible
things, the story's fantastic nature reassures us that this cannot
happen – and therefore we don't have to turn away.
127
Supervillains' Ultimate Purpose
In the end, our interest in supervillains can be healthy or
unhealthy. Even the more maladaptive reasons for such
fascination tend to arise from motivations that were originally
healthy and natural – frustrated drives that went the wrong
way.
Remember, though, that superheroic fiction ultimately
begins and ends with the heroes. Comic book writers and
artists create supervillains, who move in and out as guest stars
and supporting cast, first and foremost to reveal how heroic the
comics' stars can be.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/2012/07/why-do-
supervillains-fascinate-us/)
Glossary:
1. fiend – an evil and cruel person
2. to dwell – remain
3. foe – an enemy
4. to wield – influence, use power
5. menace – threat
6. to nab thugs – arrest criminals
7. odds – probability
8. to traipse into mob hangouts – walk among places where
gangs, criminals meet
9. poorly lit alleyways – narrow road or path with little light
10. to baffle – confuse somebody completely
68) (AFA 2018) One of the messages below is mentioned in the
text. Mark it.
a) We have to face and know ourselves deeply in order to
become better.
b) In fact, we are conditioned to expect more from the
heroes.
c) A psychological study states that people have been
intrigued by the question whether we are fiends or not.
d) Superheroes are empowered despite dominating the
world.
69) (AFA 2018) Mark the INCORRECT alternative.
“[...] there's much more to our continued interest in
supervillains than meets the eye.” (lines 3 and 4)
If there’s more to something than meets the eye, it means
that
a) it’s more difficult to understand.
b) you are conscious of what is around you.
c) it involves more things than you thought at the
beginning.
d) the situation is not as simple as it seems to be.
70) (AFA 2018) According to what drives people’s interest in
supervillains, the text mentions
a) the conscious knowledge that supervillains reinforce
things we value (Pavlov and Skinner).
b) the negative side people need to hide to grow as human
beings (Carl Jung).
c) the undisciplined principle controlled by society
(Sigmund Freud).
d) people’s lack of necessity of food, security and love
(Abraham Maslow).
71) (AFA 2018) Identify the option that summarizes the item
“freedom” (lines 47 to 55).
a) We need to obey rules and regulations that the
superpowered characters follow too.
b) We look for supervillainy in order to feel that we can
behave the way we want.
c) Supervillains shouldn’t insult our heroes.
 d) Nobody can arrest a superhero or a supervillain.
72) (AFA 2018) In the paragraph “Better villain equals better
hero” (lines 71 to 75), the author DOESN’T
a) make a comparison.
b) count a number of features.
c) indicate that something is necessary.
d) describe characters.
73) (AFA 45 2018) In the sentence “when gritty details repulse
us [...]” (line 88), the underlined word means
a) harmful.
b) unknown.
c) unpleasant but true.
d) impossible.
74) (AFA 2018) Read the statements below and mark the
option that contains the correct ones according to the text.
I. Vulnerable people may have their self-esteem affected.
II. Everybody is infatuated with antagonists.
III. In a psychological perspective, antiheroes aren’t
despised at all by the public.
IV. The author reminds us that funny writers created
supervillains stories. V. We have cherished defeated heroes
and victorious antiheroes.
a) Only sentences I, II and IV are correct.
b) Only sentences I and III are correct.
c) Only sentences II, III and V are correct.
d) Only sentences IV and V are correct.
75) (AFA 2018) One of the statements below LACKS the
content of the text. Mark it.
a) Our curiosity makes us wonder what we’ve already
understood.
b) According to the author’s perspective on superheroes,
they can be both heroes and fiends.
c) Heroes depend on villains to succeed.
d) A part of our unconscious mind would desire to be a
villain.
76) (AFA 2018) The author concludes that
a) superheroes have been the supporting cast, not the stars
anymore.
b) our motivations for seeking out supervillains are
originally unhealthy.
c) supervillains are created to prove how heroic and
powerful the superheroes are.
d) comic book writers create supervillains to overcome
superheroes.
Texto para as questões 77 – 87
Music therapy with cancer patients
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United
States, in Germany and in many other industrialized countries.
In 2007, about 12 million people were diagnosed with cancer
worldwide with a mortality rate of 7.6 million (American
Cancer Society, 2007). In the industrial countries, the most
commonly diagnosed cancers in men are prostate cancer, lung
cancer and colorectal cancer. Women are most commonly
diagnosed with breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer.
The symptoms of cancer depend on the type of the disease,
but there are common symptoms caused by cancer and/or by its
medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation). Common
physical symptoms are pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of
appetite, nausea (feeling sick, vomiting), dizziness, limited
physical activity, hair loss, a sore mouth/throat and bowel
problems. Cancer also often causes psychological problems
such as depression, anxiety, mood disturbances, stress,
128
insecurity, grief and decreased self-esteem. This, in turn, can
implicate social consequences. Social isolation can occur due
to physical or psychological symptoms (for example, feeling
too tired to meet friends, cutting oneself off due to depressive
complaints).
Besides conventional pharmacological treatments of cancer,
there are treatments to meet psychological and physical needs
of the patient. Psychological consequences of cancer, such as
depression, anxiety or loss of control, can be counteracted by
psychotherapy. For example, within cognitive therapy cancer
patients may develop coping strategies to handle the disease.
Research indicates that music therapy, which is a form of
psychotherapy, can have positive effects on both physiological
and psychological symptoms of cancer patients as well as in
acute or palliative situations.
There are several definitions of music therapy. According
to the World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT, 1996),
music therapy is: “the use of music and/or its music elements
(sound, rhythm, melody and harmony) by a qualified music
therapist, with a client or group, in a process designed to
facilitate and promote communication, relationship, learning,
mobilization, expression, organization, and other relevant
therapeutic objectives, in order to meet physical, emotional,
mental, social and cognitive needs”.
The Dutch Music Therapy Association (NVCT, 1999)
defines music therapy as “a methodological form of assistance
in which musical means are used within a therapeutic relation
to manage changes, developments, stabilisation or acceptance
on the emotional, behavioural, cognitive, social or on the
physical field”.
The assumption is that the patient's musical behaviour
conforms to their general behaviour. The starting points are the
features of the patient's specific disorder or disease pattern.
There is an analogy between psychological problems and
musical behaviour, which means that emotions can be
expressed musically. For patients who have difficulties in
expressing emotions, music therapy can be a useful medium.
Music therapy might be a useful intervention for breast cancer
patients in order to facilitate and enhance their emotional
expressivity. Besides analogy, there are further qualities of
music that can be beneficial within therapeutic treatment. One
of these qualities is symbolism: music can symbolize persons,
objects, incidents, experiences or memories of daily life.
Therefore, music is a reality, which represents another reality.
The symbolism of the musical reality enables the patient to
deal safely with the other reality for it evokes memories about
persons, objects or incidents. These associations can be
perceived as positive or negative, so they release emotions in
the patient.
Music therapy both addresses physical and psychological
needs of the patient. Numerous studies indicate that music
therapy can be beneficial to both acute cancer patients and
palliative cancer patients in the final stage of disease.
Most research with acute cancer patients receiving
chemotherapy, surgery or stem cell transplantation examined
the effectiveness of receptive music therapy. Listening to music
during chemotherapy, either played live by the music therapist
or from tape has a positive effect on pain perception,
relaxation, anxiety and mood. There was also found a decrease
in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate and an improvement in
fatigue; insomnia and appetite loss could be significantly
decreased in patients older than 45 years. Further
improvements by receptive music therapy were found for
physical comfort, vitality, dizziness and tolerability of the
chemotherapy. A study with patients undergoing surgery found
that receptive music therapy led to decreased anxiety, stress
and relaxation levels before, during and after surgery. Music
therapy can also be applied in palliative situations, for example
to patients with terminal cancer who live in hospices.
Studies indicate that music therapy may be beneficial for
cancer patients in acute and palliative situations, but the
benefits of music therapy for convalescing cancer patients
remain unclear. Whereas music therapy interventions for acute
and palliative patients often focus on physiological and
psychosomatic symptoms, such as pain perception and
reducing medical side-effects, music therapy with post-hospital
curative treatment could have its main focus on psychological
aspects. A cancer patient is not free from cancer until five years
after the tumour ablation. The patient fears that the cancer has
not been defeated. In this stage of the disease, patients
frequently feel insecure, depressive and are emotionally
unstable. How to handle irksome and negative emotions is an
important issue for many oncology patients. After the difficult
period of the medical treatment, which they often have
overcome in a prosaic way by masking emotions, patients often
express the wish to become aware of themselves again. They
may wish to grapple with negative emotions due to their
disease. Other patients wish to experience positive feelings,
such as enjoyment and vitality.
The results indicate that music therapy can also have
positive influences on well-being of cancer patients in the post-
hospital curative stage as well as they offer valuable
information about patients' needs in this state of treatment and
how effects can be dealt with properly.
(Adapted from
https://essay.utwente.nl/59115/1/scriptie_F_Teiwes.pdf -
Access on 25/02/19)
77) (AFA 2019) Cancer is
a) the most relevant disease people face.
b) not related to industrialized countries.
c) actually restricted to German individuals.
d) one of the major causes of people's death.
78) (AFA 2019) The second paragraph of the text states that
a) social isolation happens as a result of physical effort and
medical treatments.
b) radiation and chemotherapy prove to be ineffective for
cancer treatment.
c) there may be a relation between kinds of disease as well
as their symptoms.
d) dizziness and bowel disturbances could be caused by
different tunes.
79) (AFA 2019) In the phrase “coping strategies” (line 27), the
underlined word is a synonym for
a) noting.
b) defining.
c) managing.
d) creating.
80) (AFA 2019) The text
a) focuses on the present cancer mortality rates.
b) aims at presenting a complementary way to deal with
cancer.
c) delves into the mind of worldwide cancer patients.
d) develops a detailed idea on how to live with cancer.
129
81) (AFA 2019) The passage “patient's musical behaviour
conforms to their general behaviour” (line 47) suggests that
a) one standard complies with the other.
b) an unstable relation could take place.
c) some reactions are more predictable than others.
d) general kinds of behaviour are not very common.
82) (AFA 2019) According to the text, most patients felt
compelled to
a) create choruses in order to promote musical learning.
b) deprive themselves of getting along with people.
c) join other oncology patients for therapeutic purposes.
d) distress therapists as part of psychotherapy sessions.
83) (AFA 2019) The text is mainly concerned with the
a) diastolic blood pressure decrease in cancer patients.
b) studies on music therapy and its different sorts.
c) relevance of music in cancer patient's welfare.
d) patient's tolerability of chemotherapy as well as
radiation.
84) (AFA 2019) According to the text, mark the option which
contains the meaning for the word “hospice” (line 85).
a) A protocol for dealing with cancer.
b) A sort of music therapy for cancer patients.
c) A cancer surgery for palliative medical cases.
d) A place providing care for ill people.
85) (AFA 2019) Regarding music therapy in cancer treatment
a) good results are still not obvious in some cases.
b) psychological problems would not be considered.
c) patients could not benefit from it after surgeries.
d) relaxation and stressful levels were very high.
86) (AFA 2019) Read the statement based on paragraph 8 and
mark the action that happened first.
A study discovered that receptive music therapy had
decreased anxiety and stress levels before, during and
after surgeries. Also, music therapy can be applied to
different levels of the disease.
a) Discover.
b) Decrease.
c) Can.
d) Apply.
87) (AFA 2019) One concludes that
a) the therapy’s outcome helps out in distinct stages.
b) some effects are hard to be managed suitably.
c) healing patients definitely overcome curative course.
d) cancer welfare has to be faced by means of fierce
sounds.
Texto para as questões 88 – 97
The end of life on Earth?
It weighted about 10,000 tons, entered the atmosphere at a
speed of 64,000 km/h and exploded over a city with a blast of
500 kilotons. But on 15 February 2013, we were lucky. The
metereorite that showered pieces of rock over Chelyabinsk,
Russia, was relatively small, at only about 17 metres wide.
Although many people were injured by falling glass, the
damage was nothing compared to what had happened in
Siberia nearly one hundred years ago, when a relatively small
object (approximately 50 metres in diameter) exploded in mid-
air over a forest region, flattening about 80 million trees. If it
had exploded over a city such as Moscow or London, millions
of people would have been killed.
By a strange coincidence, the same day that the meteorite
terrified the people of Chelyabinsk, another 50m-wide asteroid
passed relatively close to Earth. Scientists were expecting that
visit and know that the asteroid will return to fly close by us in
2046, but the Russian meteorite earlier in the day had been too
small for anyone to spot.
Most scientists agree that comets and asteroids pose the
biggest natural threat to human existence. It was probably a
large asteroid or comet colliding with Earth which wiped out
the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago. An enormous object,
10 to 16 km in diameter, struck the Yucatan region in Mexico
with the force of 100 megatons. That is the equivalent of one
Hiroshima bomb for every person alive on Earth today.
Many scientists, including the late Stephen Hawking, say
that any comet or asteroid greater than 20km in diameter that
hits Earth will result in the complete destruction of complex
life, including all animals and most plants. As we have seen
even a much smaller asteroid can cause great damage.
The Earth has been kept fairly safe for the last 65 million
years by good fortune and the massive gravitational field of the
planet Jupiter. Our cosmic guardian, with its stable circular
orbit far from the sun, sweeps up and scatters away most of the
dangerous comets and asteroids which might cross Earth’s
orbit.
After the Chelyabinsk meteorite, scientists are now
monitoring potential hazards even more carefully but, as far as
they know, there is no danger in the foreseeable future.
Types of space rocks
• Comet – a ball of rock and ice that sends out a tail of gas
and dust behind it. Bright comets only appear in our visible
night sky about once every ten years.
• Asteroid – a rock a few feet to several kms in diameter.
Unlike comets, asteroids have no tail. Most are to small to
cause any damage and burn up in the atmosphere.
• Meteoroid – part of an asteroid or comet.
• Meteorite – what a meteoroid is called when it hits Earth.
Taken from: http://learningenglishteens.britishcouncil.org –
Access on 29/06/2020
88) (AFA 2020) The damage caused by the Russian meteorite
a) could be impossible to calculate.
b) was not as bad as the one in Siberia.
c) was much worse than the one in Siberia.
d) had its impact reduced by the early warning system.
89) (AFA 2020) The Siberian meteorite
a) damaged trees when it exploded.
b) caused glass to shower over people.
c) has the destructive power of a nuclear bomb.
d) exploded over a big city.
90) (AFA 2020) “If it had exploded over a city such as Moscow
or London, millions of people would have been killed”
(lines 10 – 12). We can conclude from the information in
this passage that
a) because of an explosion, millions of people died.
b) experts managed to save people from an explosion.
c) an explosion will hit both cities killing millions of
people.
d) the explosion and the millions of deaths are
hypothetical.
91) (AFA 2020) On the same day as the meteorite exploded
over Chelyabinsk,
a) scientists were terrified.
b) experts issued a warning for 2046.
c) another linked asteroid incident happened.
d) there was another, unrelated, asteroid event.
130
92) (AFA 2020) The Russian meteorite
a) will come close to Earth again.
b) was too small to cause damage.
c) had been predicted by scientists.
d) was not noticed before exploding.
93) (AFA 2020) Experts maintain that comets and asteroids
could
a) wipe out only animal life.
b) put an end to both animal and great part of plant life.
c) cause as much damage as the Hiroshima bomb.
d) kill a significant proportion of the human population.
94) (AFA 2020) A relatively small asteroid
a) is not a problem if seen early.
b) can still cause a lot of damage.
c) cannot cause any significant harm.
d) is in fact more dangerous than a large one.
95) (AFA 2020) Earth has been relatively safe thanks to
a) luck and the protective force of another planet.
b) early warning systems set up by NASA.
c) researches and our position to the sun.
d) the foreseeable future.
96) (AFA 2020) Scientists support the idea that
a) we are not in any danger for the moment.
b) NASA early warning systems will protect the planet.
c) a meteorite is likely to hit Earth sooner or later.
d) it’s impossible to monitor potential hazards.
97) (AFA 2020) According to the text
a) meteoroids and meteorites are the same object.
b) dinosaurs were certainly wiped out by a space rock.
c) asteroids and comets are exactly alike.
d) meteorites are harmless.
Texto para as questões 98 – 108
When making a decision, it is a common impulse to look
and see what others are doing. Nevertheless, it is often unclear
whether the path that everyone else may be following is good
for us as well. After all, sometimes following the crowd has
merit - at other times, it is simply peer pressure blinding us.
The phenomenon of looking to others and following the
crowd by social has been studied science for a long time.
Nevertheless, those findings do not always make their way to
individual decision-makers. Therefore, let’s review why people
conform to the crowd – and under what conditions it is a god
idea to go your own way instead.
To start, individuals tend to look to the opinions of others,
especially when they are unsure and lack information from
other sources. This dynamic was supported by classic research
from Sherif (1937), who explored how a person’s perception of
a very ambiguous stimuli can be influenced by the opinion of
others. Sherif (1937) asked participants to watch a small light
in a dark and featureless room and evaluate how much that
light moved around. In actuality, however, the light never
moved at all – but the way our perception works in that
situation gives the possible illusion of movement (called the
Autokinetic Effect). In this uncertain and ambiguous perceptual
situation, Sherif (1937) found that individuals were quite
susceptible to the influence of the opinions of others when
trying to decide how much light was “moving”.
Unfortunately, this phenomenon also extends to individuals
following the crowd, even when they can clearly see that others
are wrong. This was first evaluated by Asch (1955), who asked
participants to pick a line from a few choices of varying lengths
that matched up with another example line given to them. From
a perceptual standpoint, the task was easy – as the correct
choice of which lines were actually similar to one another was
clear. Nevertheless, when participants were surrounded by
other individuals giving the wrong answer, they often
conformed and made the wrong choice as well. Thus, even
when the correct choice is clear, and what others are doing is
wrong, that peer pressure can still cause us to doubt ourselves
and follow the crowd.
Why is it that we are so compelled to follow the crowd,
even when it is objectively clear that they are wrong?
According to more recent research, we may simply be wired
that way. Specifically, these social influences can actually
change our perceptions and memories (Edelson, Sharot, Dolan,
& Dudai, 2011). Therefore, rather than knowingly making the
wrong choice just to conform to peer pressure, the influence of
others may actually change what we see as the correct choice in
the moment and remember as the right thing after the fact.
Beyond that, we might just have “herding brains” with built-in
components that monitor our social alignments and make us
feel good when we follow the crowd too (Shamay-Tsoory,
Saporta, Marton-Alper, & Gvirts, 2019).
Fortunately, this effect has good points as well. In many
cases, group decision-making can help individuals look beyond
their own private perspectives and make more rational
decisions (Fahr & Irlenbusch, 2011). Furthermore, pro-social
and altruistic behaviors can be influenced and shared through
such conformity as well (Nook, Ong, Morelli, Mitchell, &
Zaki, 2016). Therefore, sometimes following the crowd helps
people get along and make better decisions too.
Given the above, when making a decision, it is important to
consider whether following others is a good idea – or is leading
you astray instead. Some simple steps can help you figure it
out.
Getting swept away by what everyone else is doing is often
an emotional and thoughtless process. We are conforming
simply because we have not given sufficient attention and
effort toward considering any other options. Therefore, unless
you are in an emergency situation and need to immediately
follow everyone else toward the nearest exit, it might be a good
idea to switch to more deliberate thinking processes, rather
than just going with your initial reaction.
Some choices and decision-making situations are more
individual, while others are more social. Therefore, it is
important to consider the specific situation. Is this an individual
choice, or does it involve others? If you have sufficient
information to make a clear choice on your own, and you do
not need group approval, then you might want to make up your
own mind. If you are personally unsure, or you need the
support of others to make something happen, then taking the
opinion of others into consideration might be a good idea
instead.
It is generally a good idea to evaluate your choices and
decisions from multiple perspectives. The same is true for
following the opinion of others too. Although it might not feel
that way at times, especially in the modern day of media
coverage and social networking, everyone is not doing it –
whatever “it” is that you are considering. Given that, before
you follow the advice or choices of any particular group of
people, it might be a good idea to look at what other groups of
people are doing or choosing too. In addition, we can learn a
lot from people making choices contrary to ourselves or our
preferred group, particularly about potential down-sides to
131
choices we might not be seeing. Therefore, if you do need to
look to others to help provide information regarding a
particular choice or decision, then it might help to seek out
people with a few different opinions, weigh your options
among them, and figure out what will work best for you.
(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com. Access on
March 25th, 2021)
98) (AFA 2021) Mark the option that makes an appropriate
title for the text.
a) 5 Tips For Better Decisions at Work
b) Why Can Decision-Making Be So Simple?
c) Should You Do What Everyone Else Is Doing?
d) New Research Suggests That Machines Can Give Better
Recommendations Than People
99) (AFA 2021) Earlier experiments showed that
a) individuals surrounded by other participants might be
tricked into providing a wrong answer.
b) personal beliefs provide guidance when there’s
uncertainty and lack of information.
c) the Autokinectic Effect describes how light can improve
people’s perception.
d) the influence of the opinion of others can help us make
correct decisions.
100) (AFA 2021) According to more recent research,
a) the more people are in control of their choices, the
better they can match their preferences.
b) crowd following does not occur when people see that
others are mistaken.
c) people might change their beliefs or behavior in order to
fit in with the group.
d) people made the wrong choice to avoid disagreement.
101) (AFA 2021) In the text, the word even (line 27)
a) is used for emphasis or surprise.
b) has the same meaning as just.
c) expresses a negative idea.
d) means exactly.
102) (AFA 2021) Read the statements below.
I. We ought to consider things more slowly and
intentionally to make better decisions.
II. When under pressure it might be valid to follow the
crowd.
III. Being driven by what other people are doing is a
rational process.
Mark the alternative that is correct according to the text.
a) I and II
b) I and III
c) II and III
d) I, II and III
103) (AFA 2021) A recurring idea in the text is that
a) scientists found a definite answer as to why people are
compelled to follow the crowd.
b) social impacts are reduced when people conform to the
crowd.
c) going your own way eventually leads to bad decisions.
d) following the crowd has pros and cons.
104) (AFA 2021) The statement that is more closely related to
the idea found in paragraph 9 is:
a) Following others will take you away from the correct
path.
b) People are drawn to the immediate rewards of a
potential choice.
 c) Individual decisions tend to be made to the benefit of
the group.
d) We’re often balancing between what is best for
ourselves and for others too.
105) (AFA 2021) The following factors can influence people
into following the crowd, EXCEPT,
a) choices that express more than one possible meaning.
b) the strong influence of a group on members to behave as
everyone else does.
c) a possible modification in the way we perceive and
memorize things due to social connections.
d) more objective facts, statistics, measurements and
evaluations as sources of potential decision-making
information.
106) (AFA 2021) Mark the alternative that shows a synonym
for down-side (line 92).
a) disruption
b) discomfort
c) disadvantage
d) dislocation
107) (AFA 2021) Based on the last paragraph, it’s safe to say
that
a) when making important decisions, it is helpful to stay 109) (AFA 2022) Mark the option in which the information
open to facts and possibilities that we don’t want or like. DISAGREES with the chart.
b) our reasoning about an issue may lead us to pursue a a) Almost a quarter of Canadian youth feel that their future
deeper understanding of who we are. living conditions will improve.
c) we often automatically accept things as “true” before we b) India, Brazil and Turkey are more pessimistic than
carefully deliberate about them. optimistic for their young compared to the US.
d) gathering every fact and carefully thinking through c) The young in China are more likely to think things will
every decision is impossible. be better rather than worse.
108) (AFA 2021) It’s correct to affirm that the text is d) Belgium, Spain and France ranked towards the bottom.
a) personal and informal. Texto para a questão 110
b) informative and supportive. TEXT II
c) ironic and reminiscent. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the
d) lyrical and sublime. age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch
Texto para a questão 109 of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of
TEXT I Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope,
it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we
had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we
were all going the other way – in short, the period was so far
like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities
insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the
superlative degree of comparison only.
(DICKENS, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities.
Penguin Books, 1994.)
110) (AFA 2022) The extract above
a) develops the idea that nothing is as it seems.
b) presents an account of a series of recent contentions.
c) suggests that there is room for debate on the level of
comparisons presented.
d) establishes an analogy between the past and the time in
which a story takes place.
Texto para as questões 111 e 112
TEXT III
Transcript: Franval who lived in Paris, where he was born, possessed,
Q: To what extent, if at all, do you feel that your generation along with an income of 400,000 livres, the finest figure, the
will have had a better or worse life than your parent’s
most pleasant face and the most varied talents; but beneath this
generation, or will it be about the same? attractive exterior lay hidden every vice, and unfortunately
Key: Better those of which the adoption and habitual indulgence lead so
Total rapidly to crime. An imagination more unbridled than anything
Great Britain one can depict was Franval’s prime defect; men of this kind do
not mend their ways, the decline of power makes them worse;

132
the less they do, the more they undertake; the less they achieve, Texto para a questão 116
the more they invent; each age brings new ideas, and satiety, TEXT V
far from cooling their ardour, only prepares the way for more Oh, I’ve just come from the land of the sun
fatal refinements. From a war that must be won
(SADE, Marquis de. The Gothic Tales of the Marquis de In the name of truth
Sade. 2000.) With our soldiers so brave
111) (AFA 2022) Franval possesses the following feature(s), Your freedom we will save
EXCEPT With our rifles and grenades
a) his looks are second to none. And some help from God
b) no other figure is on a par with his. I want to see my family
c) the aptitude to perform activities of different kinds. My wife and child waiting for me
d) his personality traits correspond to his appearance. I’ve got to go home
112) (AFA 2022) A similarity between Text II and Text III can I’ve been so alone you see
be found in the following aspect(s): You just can’t believe
a) consolation and hope of a better, but unchanging future. The joy I did receive
b) a full description of the main characters’ motivations. When I finally got my leave
c) pairings of contrasting concepts that reflect duality. And I was going home
d) a combination of tension, action and violence. Oh, I flew through the sky
Texto para as questões 113 – 115 My convictions could not lie
TEXT IV For my country I would die
I know I shall meet my fate And I will see it soon
Somewhere among the clouds above; When I walked through the door
Those that I fight I do not hate, My wife she laid upon the floor
Those that I guard I do not love; And with tears her eyes were sore
My country is Kiltartan Cross, I did not know why
My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor, Then I looked into her hand
No likely end could bring them loss And I saw the telegram
Or leave them happier than before. Said that I was a brave, brave man
Nor law, nor duty bade1 me fight, But that I was dead
Nor public men, nor cheering crowds, (SUMMER, Bernard; GILBERT, Gillian; HOOK, Peter;
A lonely impulse of delight MORRIS, S
Drove to this tumult in the clouds; tephen. Lyrics to Love Vigilantes, performed by New Order,
I balanced all, brought all to mind, Low Life CD, track 1, Universal Music Publishing Group,
The years to come seemed waste of breath, 1986.
A waste of breath the years behind Taken from https://lyricfind.com)
In balance with this life, this death. 116) (AFA 2022) Whose characteristic is described below?
(YEATS, W.B. An Irish Airman Foresees His Death in Rhyme Write 4 for the speaker in Text IV, and 5 for the speaker
and Reason, An Anthology. Org. O’MALLEY, Raymond. in Text V.
HartDavis Educational.) ( ) He is driven by a patriotic fervor.
Vocabulary: ( ) He is fighting because he cares who wins.
1. Bid (bade, bidden): to tell somebody to do something. ( ) He is believed to have been killed in action.
113) (AFA 2022) In Text IV, the following phrase refers to ( ) Nothing else in his life seems worth pursuing.
dying: ( ) He considers aspects of his past, present and future.
a) meet my fate. Now, mark the correct option.
b) waste of breath. a) 5 / 5 / 5 / 4 / 4
c) tumult in the clouds. b) 5 / 5 / 4 / 4 / 5
d) impulse of delight. c) 4 / 4 / 5 / 5 / 4
114) (AFA 2022) According to lines 7 and 8 people will d) 4 / 4 / 4 / 5 / 5
a) express hope of making it through war. Texto para as questões 117 – 120
b) be encouraged to fight for Kiltartan Cross. TEXT VI
c) remain oblivious to the outcome of the war. Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, caused
d) be aware of the dangers they might face. something of a stir at the annual Air Force Association’s Air
115) (AFA 2022) Lines 9-12 imply that the speaker is Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida. During an informal
a) willing to risk his life to win honor and glory. ‘fireside chat’ with Lt. Gen. John Thompson of Space
b) fighting for the sheer pleasure and exhilaration of it. Command on Friday, Musk told a room packed with fighter
c) motivated by the desire to protect his fellow citizens. pilots that “the fighter jet era has passed”. Now, Musk is
d) daydreaming about moving through the clouds. renowned for finding soundbites for the media to hook onto,
and also of causing calculated disruption in his target audience,
but even by his standards this is a well-baited line. What makes
this such a bold and controversial statement?
The contemporary battlefield is far more networked,
complex, congested and lethal – it’s those that adapt that will

133
survive. Simply being ‘a good stick’ will rapidly no longer cut
it in the hostile skies of the future.
Musk’s main thrust is, however, that the human in the
cockpit is the limiting factor in air combat now, not the
advantage.
Firstly, humans are awkward for aircraft designers to
accommodate. In a modern fighter the pilot sits on an ejection
seat for emergency escape, needs an oxygen supply and air-
conditioning to function at extremes of temperature and
altitude, and requires flight controls and instruments to fly and
fight the machine. All of these add a significant amount of
weight and cost into the aircraft. Moreover, having a
transparent canopy to permit the crew to see out does little to
improve signature management1 as radar cross section and the
chances of reflected sun glint all increase. The human also adds
more weight, especially when encumbered with flight kit such
as helmet, NVGs, g-suit and flight planning and survival
equipment. Traditionally, pilots sit toward the front of the
aircraft to afford them the best view for take-off and landing, as
well as air combat. This has implications on aerodynamics,
stealth1 design and weight distribution factors. In short, it can
make the designers life a lot simpler if the pilot/crew are not in
the aircraft.
(Extracted from https://www.forbes.com/. Accessed on
March 03, 2022.)
Vocabulary:
1. Signature management and stealth: both terms refer to
technology that reduces the likelihood of personnel,
aircrafts, missiles, etc. being detected.
117) (AFA 2022) According to the text, it’s eminent that Elon
Musk
a) improvises his speeches to entertain his listeners.
b) presents pieces of information to make the news.
c) plans what to say to keep the public heedful.
d) disapproves of being in the spotlight.
118) (AFA 2022) Based on Musk’s position, it is right to infer
that
a) combat planes will become more pilot-friendly.
b) high-performance fighter jets will proliferate.
c) a new era of conflicts is a controversial issue.
d) fighter pilots might end up becoming obsolete.
119) (AFA 2022) In the future, pilots will
a) be inconvenienced by flight helmets and survival
equipment.
b) have to rely on other qualities besides technical
prowess.
c) be considered the most important element in air combat.
d) have to make split-second life or death decisions.
120) (AFA 2022) Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false
(F) according to Text VI; then mark the right alternative.
I. Designers are challenged to find solutions that enable
fitting flying conditions.
II. The human factor is considered an asset when it comes
to air combat.
III. A transparent canopy is both an advantage and a
disadvantage.
IV. The flying gear turns out to be heavy and expensive.
a) I. T / II. F / III. T / IV. F
b) I. F / II. T / III. F / IV. F
c) I. T / II. F / III. T / IV. T
d) I. F / II. T / III. F / IV. T

134
 Gabarito 62) D
1) C 63) D
2) C 64) A
3) A 65) B
4) B 66) C
5) C 67) A
6) C 68) A
7) B 69) B
8) A 70) C
9) A 71) B
10) D 72) B
11) A 73) C
12) B 74) B
13) B 75) B
14) A 76) C
15) D 77) D
16) A 78) C
17) C 79) C
18) C 80) B
19) B 81) A
20) C 82) B
21) B 83) C
22) B 84) D
23) A 85) A
24) D 86) B
25) C 87) A
26) B 88) B
27) C 89) A
28) A 90) D
29) C 91) D
30) B 92) D
31) B 93) B
32) A 94) B
33) C 95) A
34) B 96) A
35) A 97) A
36) D 98) C
37) B 99) A
38) D 100) C
39) B 101) A
40) C 102) A
41) D 103) D
42) C 104) D
43) B 105) D
44) A 106) C
45) D 107) A
46) C 108) B
47) C 109) B
48) B 110) D
49) B 111) D
50) C 112) C
51) B 113) A
52) D 114) C
53) A 115) B
54) C 116) A
55) D 117) B
56) B 118) D
57) A 119) B
58) D 120) C
59) B
60) C
61) A

135
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
EFOMM
Textos para as questões 1 – 5
EXTRACT 1
Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake
Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March
11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of
the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship
Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster
“will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”.
Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were
affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for
exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact,
the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained
“slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and
Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would
cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of
interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect
our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the
degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a
statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th
consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese
shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk
carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the
April-February period.
(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March
2011)
EXTRACT 2
Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years
The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake
destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as
houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris
might head have been made at the international Pacific
Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their
model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread
out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine
National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores;
in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some
effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast,
dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of
British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will
then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific
Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into
smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can
expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and
longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the
North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and
beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up
and tracking operations.
Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011)
1) (EFOMM 2011) Acoording to the first extract, it is correct
to say that:
a) Japanese shipyards that build large vessels were
virtually unharmed by the impact of the tsunami.
b) all Japanese shipyards are not located on the path of the
tsunami.
c) Japanese shipyards located on the path of the tsunami
were slightly affected by the devastating waves.
d) shipyards in northwestern Japan were the most affected
by the earthquake and tsunami.
136
e) the earthquake and tsunami will have a big impact on
the Japanese shipyard industry over the next decade.
2) (EFOMM 2011) Read the following piece from extract 1
“The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply
due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works
and subsidiaries.” It may be inferred that:
a) Operations will be greatly affected by the constant
interruption of power supply.
b) The earthquake caused the interruption of power supply
without any consequences to the operations.
c) Some operations are expected to be affected by the
interruption of power supply. d) Subsidiaries and works
will benefit from the power supply due to the
earthquake.
d) Power supply was not affected by the earthquake and
operations will continue.
3) (EFOMM 2011) According to the following segment from
the first extract: “Japanese export ship orders rose for the
15th consecutive month in February on a year-on-year
basis.”
a) The information above is collected every 15 months.
b) The passage investigates the decrease in the number or
ship orders.
c) The figures above were released before the tsunami.
d) One can tell for sure that Japanese ship orders were
decreasing just before the tsunami.
e) Japanese ship orders have increased for over a year.
4) (EFOMM 2011) According to the second extract, the
model developed by the International Pacific Research
Center intends to:
a) predict the movement of tsunamis in the ocean.
b) study the movement of litter in the ocean.
c) indicate the amount of garbage dumped in the ocean.
d) collect the Japanese tsunami debris to clean the ocean.
e) spread the debris in the ocean after the tsunami.
5) (EFOMM 2011) Extract 2 explains that the North Pacific
Garbage Patch
a) was formed after the Japanese tsunami.
b) will reach the shores of the US West Coast.
c) is formed by the garbage dumped on US shores.
d) is formed by the accumulation of garbage in the ocean.
e) releases debris that will eventually end up in Baja
California.
6) (EFOMM 2011) The initials V.I.P. _____________Very
Important Person.
a) means
b) stand for
c) are about
d) describe
e) accounts for
7) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the word that completes the idea
of the following statement correctly:
“Michael is a _______ smoker. He smokes three packs of
cigarettes a day.”
a) Violent
b) fierce
c) big
d) chain
e) Strong
Texto para as questões 8 – 11
Shipping industry faces new risks, says Allianz.
Increasing ship sizes, human error and the challenge of
shipping in arctic waters are among the biggest risks facing the
modern maritime industry, according to Allianz Global
Corporate and Speciality.
The challenge of shipping in arctic waters is among the biggest
challenges facing the modern maritime industry, the report
said.
Marking 100 years since the sinking of Titanic, the insurers
yesterday published a report which noted that, while the world
commercial shipping fleet has trebled to over 100,000 vessels
over that period, overall shipping loss rates have declined
significantly. In 1912, they were one ship per 100 per year; in
2009 they had fallen to one ship per 670 per year.
Despite this, Safety and shipping 1912-2012: from Titanic to
Costa Concordia, based on research from Cardiff University,
said the industry faced several key challenges. These include
the growing trend to ‘super-size’ ships and cost pressures
which are forcing ship-owners to source crews from emerging
economies where training standards can be inconsistent.
Other emerging risks include reduced crew numbers, which can
compromise safety and encourage human error, increasing
bureaucracy on board ships and the increased threat of piracy
in Somalia and elsewhere. The emergence of ‘ice shipping’ and
its associated navigational and environmental complications
also poses a risk, the report said.
Dr Sven Gerhard, AGCS’s global product leader for hull &
marine liabilities, said the industry needed to address the new
risks facing them proactively.
‘For example, ultra-large ships pose challenges for insurers due
to their sheer size and value, while others raise concerns on
structural integrity and failure. While scale alone does not
make these ships riskier, the increased sizes introduce specific
risks that need to be addressed, such as salvage and recovery
considerations and emergency handling,’ he said.
AGCS noted that, despite hundreds of years of improvements
in safety, human error remained a challenge. According to the
report, over 75% of marine losses can be attributed to a wide
range of ‘human error’ factors, including fatigue, inadequate
risk management and competitive pressures, as well as
potential deficiencies in training and crewing levels.
Dr Gerhard said: ‘As technological improvements reduce risk,
so does the weakest link in the system – the human factor –
become more important. This is where the industry should
focus most closely, so that best practice risk management and a
culture of safety becomes second nature across the world fleet.’
Allianz did, however, note that major accidents have often been
the catalysts for key changes in maritime industry safety. In
light of this, Dr Gerhard said the Costa Concordia disaster
137
earlier this year was likely to be ‘no different’, regardless of the
outcome of investigations into the incident itself.
(The Actuary Newsdesk: Nick Mann 27/Mar 2012)
8) (EFOMM 2012) According to Allianz Global Corporate
and Speciality, the maritime industry has been facing
emerging risks, the odd one out is:
a) Incorrect decisions or improper lack of action aboard.
b) Crew numbers have been thriving.
c) Ultra large vessels are on the increase
d) Robbery on the high seas.
e) Red tape on board ships.
9) (EFOMM 2012) In line 28:‘(…) facing them proactively.’,
is the same as:
a) Complying with the rules of safety.
b) Keeping track of risks.
c) Foreseeing difficulties.
d) Putting off decisions.
e) Making deals.
10) (EFOMM 2012) In lines 46-47: ‘(…) major accidents have
often been the catalysts for key changes(…)’, the
underlined word can be replaced by:
a) goads
b) clogs
c) obstructions
d) troubles
e) excuses
11) (EFOMM 2012) What can be inferred from the text?
a) Technology is the sole solution for casualties at sea.
b) Improper lack of action is still a defiance.
c) Ultra large vessels are not hazardous to navigation.
d) Maritime industry has been collapsing.
e) Mishaps seldom happen at sea.
12) (EFOMM 2012) People who never think of other people’s
feelings are very ___________________.
a) Insensible
b) impolite
c) inconsiderate
d) brutal
e) sensitive
Texto para as questões 13 e 14
Royal Navy hands fishing boat to Yemen authorities in
counter-piracy operation
An elite team of Royal Marines stormed the fishing vessel
on Friday, seizing it back from a gang of suspected Somali
pirates. The pirates are believed to have stolen the fishing
vessel in order to use it as a platform for launching hijack
attempts on cargo ships and tankers in the Gulf of Aden.
The return of the fishing vessel – known as a dhow – is part
of the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) crackdown
on piracy in the seas around Somalia. Captain Gerry
Northwood, who is heading the counter-piracy operation on
board RFA Fort Victoria, said that he was pleased to return the
dhow to her Yemeni owner. “This was a good example of
Royal Navy and the Yemeni Navy working together for the
common good of the local maritime community”, he said. “I
was pleased that we were able to return the dhow to its rightful
owner. It is important that through our cooperation with the
Yemeni Navy, we reassure the local maritime community that
we are able to protect their interests. They are as much the
victims of Somali piracy as the larger international ships
navigating through the area". The dhow was handed over to the
Yemeni Navy. A spokesman said “Thank you for the dhow and
thank you for everything”.
Piracy in the Indian Ocean currently costs the world
economy billions of pounds a year. Merchant vessels are being
forced into large detours around dangerous areas and insurance
costs have risen.
(Adapted from www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/piracy/
Jan 17,2012)
13) (EFOMM 2013) According to TEXT 1, it is correct to say
that:
a) Yemen hasn’t been a victim of Somali piracy.
b) Somali pirates have been hijacking Yemeni vessels.
c) International ships are navigating through the area of
Somalia to attack Yemeni trawlers.
d) Royal Navy isn’t able to defend itself from Somali
pirates.
e) Piracy in the Indian Ocean is worthless.
14) (EFOMM 2013) In: ‘An elite team of Royal Marines
stormed the fishing vessel on Friday (…)’ (lines 1-2), the
underlined word could be replaced by:
a) Docked
b) anchored
c) damaged
d) assaulted
e) berthed
Texto para as questões 15 e 16
Seven dead in Genoa shipping accident
Up to eight people are feared dead after a massive cargo
ship rammed into a control tower in the Italian port of Genoa
during a night-time manoeuvre that went wrong. The collision
sent the 165ft-tall cement control tower crashing to the ground,
with much of its mangled remains tumbling into the harbour.
Around 14 people were in the glass-topped tower when it was
hit by the ship’s stern as it ploughed into the dock. Some were
thrown into the water, while others were trapped under rubble
or in a lift which may have toppled into the sea.
A 50-year-old man was reportedly pulled alive from the
rubble 12 hours after the accident and taken to hospital while
seven bodies were recovered -several by rescue divers from the
water, the police said. It is unclear how many are still missing.
The vast red ship, which has a gross tonnage of more than
40,500, was following the protocol and navigating towards the
control tower when it failed to reverse properly before turning
out into the open sea. It rammed into the concrete and metal
structure.
As rescue workers and sniffer dogs searched through the
rubble for survivors, the death toll steadily increased. Four
people were still missing, with some believed to be trapped in
the wrecked internal lift in the tower.
The collision happened during a change of shift, meaning
that there were more people in the tower than normal. The
655ft-long Jolly Nero cargo ship was leaving Genoa’s port, the
biggest and busiest in north-western Italy.
The vessel has been impounded and investigators have
opened an investigation. The captain has been detained for
questioning.
(Adapted from www.telegraph.co.uk / May 08, 2013)
15) (EFOMM 2013) The prefix un as in ‘unclear’ (line 13) is
used correctly in all alternatives EXCEPT:
a) Unconscious
b) Uninteresting
c) unfold
138
d) undetermined
e) unexpensive
16) (EFOMM 2013) Which statement CAN NOT be inferred
from the text?
a) The vessel was clear of land.
b) There were casualties in the shipping accident.
c) Investigators will make inquiries about the accident.
d) The ramming incident occurred during duty period.
e) The tower was smashed by the rear section of the
vessel.
17) (EFOMM 2013) There are two options for the sentences
below, choose the ONLY one that both options are
possible.
a) The doctors (advised / persuaded) that I should rest for 3
months.
b) The police (assured / promised) local residents that
everything possible was being done to catch the car
thieves.
c) A spokesperson for the company (reminded / warned)
that there may be delays on the railways this summer
due to major engineering work.
d) Russian scientists (have shown / have convinced) that
honey can prevent the growth of bacteria.
e) Jack (told / promised) that he would be home before
midnight.
Texto para as questões 18 – 20
Five stranded snorkellers rescued from tiny island off
Australia after their huge SOS message was spotted by
helicopter.
(Adam Withnall / Wednesday 23 April 2014)
Five snorkellers stranded on a tiny island off the east coast
of Australia have been rescued after scrawling a giant SOS
message into a nearby sandbank.
The group had been stuck out at sea for more than nine
hours after their boat’s anchor failed and it drifted away.
They had been swimming around a remote sandbar near
Wigton Island, Queensland, when the vessel started shifting -
with their mobile phones, clothes, water and sunscreen all still
on board – and it had moved beyond reach before they had
time to react.
Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday,
Lyn Forbes-Smith described how she, a female friend and three
male friends were facing the prospect of a long, cold night
surrounded by ocean when they finally spotted an approaching
rescue helicopter.
“We had sort of made plans about what we’d do on the rock
for the evening,” she said.
“We had reef walkers on thankfully, but we had no food,
water, cream, no hats, not much at all. We just looked for the
highest ground, we looked for rocks where five of us could
huddle together because we didn’t really want to separate, and
we wanted to be out of the wind as best as possible.”
Ms Forbes-Smith explained that they were concerned the
sandbar – and their message – would go under with the tide,
but that they were “reasonably confident” someone would
come looking when friends realised they had not returned.
The group had set off from Keswick Island towards Wigton
Island at around 8am for the snorkelling trip, and it was around
5pm when they first saw signs of help approaching.
Another member of the group, Craig Gilbert, told ABC
News of their joy at spotting an RACQ rescue helicopter.
 “We saw the helicopter and we thought, 'Oh, you beauty' -
and then it disappeared and we thought, 'Oh no - we better look
out for our beds for the night' - then it came back probably 20
minutes later,” he said.
Rescue helicopter crew member Damien Kross said the five
were treated for sunburn and dehydration, but were otherwise
“fine”.
“They were a little bit dehydrated but we winched them to
safety and brought them back here [to Mackay on the
mainland] for just to have a quick medical attention and they
were all fine.”
(Adapted from The Independent / Friday 11 July 2014)
18) (EFOMM 2014) In: “ (...) after scrawling a giant SOS
message into a nearby sandbank (...)” (line 2 - 3), the
underlined word is closest in meaning to:
a) reef
b) debris
c) shoal
d) derelict
e) seabed
19) (EFOMM 2014) What is the text mainly about?
a) Five snorkellers who were overboard in the vicinity of
the east coast of Australia.
b) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton
Island.
c) A rescue chopper near Queensland.
d) Five snorkellers who were hoisted by a windlass.
e) Castaways who were in mourning.
20) (EFOMM 2014) In : “ (...) Speaking to the Courier-Mail
about the ordeal yesterday (...)” (line 11), the word in bold
means:
a) a risible story
b) a trying experience
c) a petty detail
d) a remarkable situation
e) a fuzzy plan of action
21) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the word that correctly completes
the sentence.
“A____________person has 'common sense', and does not
make stupid decisions.”
a) bored
b) mischievous
c) clumsy
d) jealous
e) sensible
Texto para as questões 22 – 24
The seven-decade journey to an expanded Panama Canal is
coming to a close, despite one last obstacle.
(by David Z. Morris / April 17, 2015)
The Panama Canal is getting a major overhaul, and despite
an unresolved lawsuit that has delayed the project, it’s poised
to transform global trade dramatically.
The original Panama Canal remains of the most ambitious
public works projects of all time. But it wasn’t quite ambitious
enough: within a few years of its opening in 1914, it was too
small for many military and cargo ships. The U.S. authorities
then in control began excavation for larger locks in 1939—but
that work came to a standstill as America entered World War
II, and no effective progress was made on the project for the
remainder of the 20th century.
That changed swiftly when the canal transitioned to full
Panamanian control in 1999. By 2006, a detailed expansion
139
plan had been drafted and approved by Panamanian voters in a
77% landslide. With a total budget of $5.2 billion, completion
was initially projected for 2014. Last year, the canal netted $2.6
billion, roughly half of Panama’s national revenue. The
Panama Canal Authority has projected that the expansion will
increase that revenue eightfold by 2025.
There’s been a hitch in the expansion effort, however. A
group of mostly European contractors known as the Grupo
Unidos por el Canal has filed claims totaling more than a half
billion dollars against the Panama Canal Authority, alleging
that misinformation led to cost overruns.
But according to Dr. J. David Rogers, a professor of
geological engineering at Missouri University of Science and
Technology, who has worked closely with the Panamanians for
more than a quarter-century, the real problem is that
contractors knowingly underbid the job.
The canal expansion is about more than money to the
Panamanians, according to Dr. Rogers. “It’s a national pride
project for them. It’s their lifeblood,” he says of the
Panamanians’ feelings about the canal. “It’s what makes them
go.”
The same seriousness didn’t characterize Americans’
approach to canal expansion. Of a series of false starts and
fizzled plans, the most amazing came as part of Operation
Plowshare, the “Atoms for Peace” program of the U.S. Atomic
Energy Agency (now the Department of Energy).
Intended to highlight the peacetime usefulness of atomic
warheads, Plowshare spent more than a decade exploring the
possibility of widening the canal by detonating a string of
nuclear warheads. Rising awareness of environmental risks in
the 1960s scuttled the idea.
Under the current, nuke-free plan, new approach channels
and locks are being excavated alongside the existing entrances,
allowing operations to continue normally during construction.
The new locks and channels will be about three times bigger,
allowing the passage of more of today’s huge container ships.
The maximum load will increase from about 5,000 containers
to 12,000—though the very largest ships, which currently
balloon up to 19,000 containers and primarily work routes
between Europe and Asia through the Suez Canal, still won’t
fit.
The expansion will provide cheaper shipping between Asia
and the American Gulf Coast. Traffic that currently flows
through West Coast ports such as Los Angeles and Long
Beach—including huge amounts of Midwestern grain and
coal—will soon move more directly through ports including
Houston and Savannah. Ports along the U.S. Gulf and East
coasts have been expanding to accommodate increased ship
size and traffic.
The ongoing court battle means that even the Panama Canal
Authority’s recently-updated 2016 target for completion may
be missed. But a bigger canal is finally coming—and with it, a
host of new possibilities.
(fortune.com/2015/04/17/panama-canal/)
22) (EFOMM 2015) Mark the correct option about the text.
a) Dr. Rogers pointed out that there was evidence of
deliberate overbilling.
b) The 'Atoms for Peace' program thrived fairly due to
public opposition.
c) The expansion project is expected to bolster trade.
d) Environmental awareness in the 1960s fostered
Operation Plowshare.
 e) Misleading information ended up preventing budget
overruns.
23) (EFOMM 2015) In lines 7 - 8: “The US authorities then in
control began excavation for larger locks in 1939”, the
word in bold means:
a) An artificial waterway used for travel, shipping or
irrigation.
b) A river or canal that vessels travel on.
c) A barrier that protects a harbor or shore from the full
impact of waves.
d) A place on a river with a set of gates which open and
close to allow boats in.
e) A barrier constructed across a waterway to control the
flow or raise the level of water.
24) (EFOMM 2015) In lines 1 – 2: “(…) and despite an
unresolved lawsuit that has delayed the project (...)”, the
word in bold is formed by the prefix 'un'. In which option
below the word is not correctly formed by the same prefix?
a) unfinished
b) unfasten
c) unwrapped
d) undecided
e) unpolite
Texto para as questões 25 e 26
Pidgins and creoles
Pidgin Languages
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up
among people who do not share a common language, but who
want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins
have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’
languages. They have a limited vocabulary, a reduced
grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions,
compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are
the native language of no one, but they are nonetheless a main
means of communication for millions of people, and a major
focus of interest to those who study the way languages change.
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language,
as perpetrated over the years in generations of children’s
comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from
the reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down;
nor is it the result of baby talk, laziness, corruption, primitive
thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary:
pidgins are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural
languages, with a structure and rules of their own. Along with
creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of
linguistic change, as languages come into contact with each
other, producing new varieties whose structures and uses
contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of
language being created and shaped by society for its own ends,
as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis on
processes of change is reflected in the terms pidginization and
creolization.
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English,
French, Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese – reflecting the history
of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result
only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa,
South America, or South-east Asia, where situations of
language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-
European pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by
American Indians in north-west USA. Another is Sango, a
pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central
Africa.
140
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually
do not last for very long – sometimes for only a few years, and
rarely for more than a century. They die when the original
reason for communication diminishes or disappears, as
communities move apart, or one community learns the
language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop
into a creole.) The pidgin French which was used in Vietnam
all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin
English which appeared during the American Vietnam
campaign virtually disappeared as soon as the war was over.
But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean
Lingua Franca, or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and lasted
until the 20th century.
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of
communication between languages that they have developed a
more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may
even be given official status by a community, as lingua francas.
These cases are known as ‘expanded pidgins’, because of the
way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the
needs of their users, and have come to be used in a much wider
range of situations than previously. In time, these languages
may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even
develop a literature of their own. Some of the most widely used
expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian Pidgin
English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the
local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used language in
the country.
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of
Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344).
25) (EFOMM 2016) Which option can NOT be inferred from
the text? A pidgin language is:
a) a simplified means of linguistic communication.
b) the native language of a speech community.
c) employed in situations such as commerce.
d) a contact language.
e) constructed impromptu, or by convention, between
individuals or groups of people.
26) (EFOMM 2016) In line 48, “Lingua Franca” is:
a) a language that people use to communicate when they
have different first languages.
b) a distinctive lect, or variety of English spoken by
African Americans.
c) an informal language consisting of words and
expressions that are not considered appropriate for
formal occasions.
d) a body of words and phrases that apply to a specific
activity or profession, such as a particular art form or a
medical or scientific subject.
e) the language that a person has spoken from earliest
childhood.
27) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the correct option.
a) She was very ingenuous to believe that her boss would
listen to her suggestions.
b) He pretends to buy a new car soon.
c) Put both vegetables into a recipient and crush with a
potato masher.
d) Beat the eggs and sugar until they start to engross.
e) My family and my job both play an important part in
my life, fulfilling separate but complimentary needs.
28) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the option that correctly
completes the two sentences below, respectively.
I- When he started borrowing my books without asking, I
had to put my ______ down.
II- I didn’t want to go to the party but Jessy twisted my
______.
a) neck / knee
b) finger / head
c) hand / mind
d) foot / arm
e) heart / leg
29) (EFOMM 2016) Which sequence completes the text
below?
I- My wallet has been ______.
II- The painting later proved to be a forgery and virtually
______.
III- Never walk into the road from behind a ______ vehicle.
IV- A ______ at the contents shows that it covers much
familiar ground.
V- Having found a property we liked, we had to ______
money quickly.
a) stolen / worthless / stationery / glance / rise
b) robbed / invaluable / stationary / glimpse / raise
c) stolen / worthless / stationary / glance / raise
d) stolen / invaluable / stationery / glimpse / rise
e) robbed / invaluable / stationery / glance / raise
Texto para as questões 30 e 31
Cruise ship crash causes more than $18M in damage to pristine
Indonesian reef, experts say
Published March 14, 2017.
The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that
accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef
could total more than $18 million, according to academics and
environmental groups working in the region.
Researchers for Conservation International Indonesia (CII),
Papua State University and the Regional Technical
Implementing Unit (UPTD) found that the grounding of the
295-foot Caledonian Sky cruise ship - which weighs 4,200 tons
and carried 102 passengers - caused massive damage to several
endemic reefs that are unique to Raja Ampat, a remote and
idyllic island chain west of Indonesia's Papua province.
“The types of reefs that were damaged by the ship are
Genus Porites, Acropora, Poicilopora, Tubastrea, Montipora,
Stylopora, Favia and Pavites. It will take decades to restore the
reefs,” Ricardo Tapilatu, who headed the research, told the
Jakarta Post. Tapilatu added that the damage area stretched for
more than 145,000-square-miles.
The Caledonian Sky, owned by British company Noble
Caledonia, was finishing a birdwatching trip on Waigeo Island
on March 4 when it veered slightly off course and slammed
into the reef. An investigation into the incident found that the
cruise ship allegedly entered the area without consulting local
guides and that ship’s crew only relied on GPS navigation
without considering the tide.
“The skipper forced the ship to enter the area, which was
not open to cruise ships,” CII spokesman, Albert Nebore, said.
Noble Caledonia called the accident an “unfortunate”
incident and added that the company is “firmly committed to
protection of the environment” and fully backed an
investigation, but made no mention of compensation.
141
The Caledonian Sky has since been refloated and an
inspection revealed that "the hull was undamaged and remained
intact,” the company said.
The ship itself “did not take on water, nor was any pollution
reported as a result of the grounding,” Noble Caledonia added.
Indonesia’s Enviromnent and Forestry Ministry has
deployed its staff to identify the damaged coral reefs and
collect evidence that they will use to demand compensation
from the British company.
Ministry spokesman Djati Witjaksono said, “We will
discuss with experts the amount of compensation the company
must pay [to Indonesia].”
Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the damage to the
reef, the accident has also put a major 55 strain on the local
economy, which relies heavily on snorkeling and scuba-diving
tourism.
“Coral reefs are the main attraction for many tourists in the
area. It is counterproductive for our tourism prospects,” Laura
Resti, from Raja Ampat's 60 homestay association, told the
BBC. “We have tried to conserve those coral reefs for a long
time, and just within few hours they were gone”. Resti added:
“I am so sad and feel ashamed to take tourists there.”
(Adapted from: www.foxnews.com)
30) (EFOMM 2017) In the extract from the first paragraph:
“The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that
accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef
could total more than $18 million (...)”, the word in bold
means
a) shabby
b) bulky
c) unspoiled
d) cozy
e) awesome
31) (EFOMM 2017) What is true according to the text?
a) The one in charge of the Caledonian Sky took her to an
unforbidden area.
b) The main frame of the Caledonian Sky was wrecked
when she was relaunched.
c) An inspection showed that there was no pollution but
flooding as a consequence of the allision.
d) The Caledonian Sky steered away from her route and
rammed into a ridge of rocks and sand.
e) The phases of flood or ebb tide made the crew of the
Caledonian Sky trust the GPS navigation.
32) (EFOMM 2017) Choose the correct sentence.
a) Her breadth of knowledge is amazing.
b) David has a large respect for his teacher.
c) The river is 230 meters width.
d) The driver’s behavior caused a big annoyance.
e) Some native English speakers measure their personal
weigh in pounds.
33) (EFOMM 2017) Mark the correct alternative.
a) All his bags were robbed of him.
b) I handed to my sister the bottle.
c) I am going to treat myself to a new dress.
d) He claimed that he had been deprived from his freedom.
e) Her grandmother made a lovely scarf to me.
34) (EFOMM 2018) According to the comic strip, it is possible
to infer that:
a) Hagar comes to terms with his daughter.
b) Hagar’s daughter takes love for granted.
c) Hagar proved to be a greedy man.
d) Hagar’s daughter is afraid of being left on the shelf.
e) Hagar’s daughter is highly delighted with the proposal.
35) (EFOMM 2018) Read the text below. Which alternative is
correct ?
What’s the weather like ?
Of all human activities, transport is probably one of
the most influenced by the weather. From deciding
wheather or not to go for a walk in the park to cancelling
or delaying intercontinental passenger flights, the weather
influences our movements all the time. Extreme weather
conditions can cause accidents, death and destruction. So,
predicting the weather is a priority when people and
goods are moved from one place to another. Today man
has developed some very sophisticated means for
predicting the weather, but despite this, our predictions
are not always accurate because weather conditions can
change very suddenly.
(Adapted from: Flash on English for Transport and
Logistics)
a) Adverse weather conditions are not feasible.
b) Inclement weather can be hazardous.
c) Rotten weather indicates it will turn cold.
d) The weather forecast is invariably gloomy.
e) Weather records are to be neglected.
36) (EFOMM 2018) Read the text and mark the correct option
The Radar
The word RADAR stands for Radio Detection and
Ranging. It is a technology which was properly used for the
first time during the Second World War by the allied troops
against the Germans. Basically, a radar is an anti-collision
tool and can measure the bearing and the distance of a
selected target. It is therefore a vital aid on ships and
airplanes, especially in case of low or blind-visibility
navigation. To detect a target’s position, the radar dish or
antenna sends out pulses of electromagnetic waves. When
these waves hit the target their echo is returned to the aerial
and transformed into visual signals shown on a screen
called PPI (Plan Position Indicator) or display. The capacity
of the antenna to concentrate the irradiation energy in the
dish is called gain. The whole process is based on the
principle that radio waves bounce off solid surfaces. It is
therefore possible to determine the bearings and distances
of far away targets and deduce infonnation about potential
hazards. The Radar can also be used to find out the position
of a ship at sea, but only in the case in which a fix (a fixed
142
point of reference on the land) is available. For this, other
more precise, handy and faster tools, like the GPS, are used.
(Adapted from: Flash on English for Transport and
Logistics)
a) A Radar is a Global Positioning System.
b) Targets are unsafe due to bearings and distances.
c) Electromagnetic waves are shown in the Plan Position
Indicator.
d) A Radar is a device used to avert crashes.
e) A Radar is a tool that uses distinct methods of giving
position to locate vessels.
37) (EFOMM 2018) Based on the text below, mark the correct
option.
Russian jet intercepts US Navy plane
A Russian Su-27 fighter jet performed an
"unprofessional" intercept of a US Navy P-8 surveillance
plane while it was flying in international airspace over the
Baltic Sea Tuesday, two defense officials told CNN.
The Russian jet came within about 20 feet of the US
aircraft, one official said, adding that the encounter lasted
about nine minutes.
The intercept was described by officials as safe but
unprofessional, though a US Navy official told CNN that
the Navy does not officially classify aerial encounters that
way. The Navy classifies aviation intercepts simply as
either safe or unsafe.
Lt. Cdr. Zach Harrell, a spokesman for US Naval Forces
Europe, declined to comment on the specific incident,
saying, "US Navy ships and aircraft routinely interact with
military units from other countries.". He added that the
Navy would provide information on unsafe interactions.
The last unsafe intercept of a US Navy aircraft by a
Russian jet occurred in January when a Russian Su-27 jet
flew within five feet of a US Navy EP-3, forcing the Navy
plane to fly through its jet wash. The US Navy deemed that
intercept unsafe and unprofessional.
Following that incident, the US State Department issued
a statement accusing the Russians of "flagrantly violating
existing agreements and international law.".
(Adapted from: http://www.cnn.com)
Considering the text, the word “declined” in “[...] a
spokesman for US Naval Forces Europe, declined to
comment on the specific incident [...] (4thparagraph) means
“______ ”.
a) decided
b) agreed
c) accepted
d) refused
e) intended
Texto para a questão 38
Buy a beach cruiser and help save sea turtles on Kiawah
Every spring, fierce female sea turtles-mostly loggerheads-
make their way from the ocean to Kiawah Island during nesting
season.
From May through October, Kiawah's beaches are home to
400 nests and thousands of baby loggerheads. But many of
these endangered hatchlings would not survive without the
island's hands-on nest protection program. Specifícally, the
Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol efforts that help 75% of hatchlings
make it from their nests to the ocean. Without these efforts:
less than 10% have a chance.
 Sea turtles are an endangered species and the loggerhead
turtle has been on the threatened list since 1978. Over the
years, the Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol has become one of the
largest volunteer turtle efforts in the United States. From
relocating nests to helping hatchlings find the sea, volunteering
is open to island residents and guests, and the program relies on
the community to help raise awareness about the importance of
nesting season.
This May, you'11 see a custom fleet of beach cruisers with
an original turtle print designed by Peter Millar at the new
Timbers Kiawah Ocean Club and Residences.
“We approached Peter Millar, a favorite on Kiawah, to
design a turtle-pattemed bike as a fun way to raise our owners'
awareness about the turtles and show our commitment to
protecting the wildlife on Kiawah”, says Chris Burden,
managing director for Timbers Kiawah.
You don't have to be a Timbers' owner to help: the limited-
edition beach cruisers are for sale to the public and 100% of the
proceeds go to the turtle patrol. “Kiawah Island is one of the
country's most vital nesting areas for loggerhead sea turtles and
the turtle patrol is responsible for nesting patrols and
monitoring efforts up and down the beach. The contributions
will be used to fund their initiatives in whatever way they see
fit”, Burden says. Anyone can volunteer in the nesting and
hatching programs by contacting Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol.
(Abridged and adapted from
https://www.newsweek.com/iawahsave-turtles-1412015)
38) (EFOMM 2019) It is possible to infer from the text that
a) the island's hands-on nest protection program has been
jeopardizing the offspring.
b) hatchlings are imperilled.
c) the purpose of the protection program is to cheat the
community.
d) the nesting and hatching programs are compulsory.
e) it is a pointless effort to raise awareness of the
community.
Texto para as questões 39 – 41
Are shipping containers the future of affordable housing?
Millions of people need homes. Millions of shipping
containers are going unused. Could this be an answer to the
global housing crisis? Cleveland Containers explore further.
England is facing a housing crisis. According to housing
charity Shelter, more than 50,000 households a year are being
forced out of their homes, and there are more than 9 million
renters in unsecure rented accommodations.
The situation is shaky even for those who own their own
homes. 28,900 homes were repossessed across the UK in 2013.
But this situation isn't unique to England. House prices are
soaring across the world, which is placing home ownership out
of reach for millions. And that's just in the developed world.
Around 850 million people are currently living in “informal
settlements”. In numerous rapidly urbanising cities, the average
housing costs can be up to 200% of the net monthly income.
There is no single explanation as to why the world's facing
a housing crisis, and there's no easy answer for how to solve it.
But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality,
affordable housing. Many developments in the housing market
are focused on constructing high-end units that are expensive
to build and out of the price range of most. This needs to
change.
Desperate times often call for radical Solutions. One thing
the world isn't lacking is shipping containers. There may be up
143
to 40 million shipping containers in the world right now, and
experts believe that only six million are currently in use.
Who'd live in a shipping Container?
Shipping containers are built to be strong, secure and
practical. These are all sound benefits for storage and mass
transit, but do they make for comfortable accommodation?
The idea of living in a shipping Container might strike
some as odd, unfeasible, impractical and maybe even a little
unappealing. But it's important to think of shipping containers
not as finished products, but as raw materiais - as exoskeletons
for future homes.
Because, really, there's no end to what you can do with a
shipping Container. They can easily be insulated and fitted
with Windows, doors, indoor partitions, electricity and running
water - everything that's needed for human inhabitation. A
single shipping Container can be transformed into a cosy
dwelling in no time at all. But if more space is needed, you can
just stack multiple containers on top of each other.
And if you're really wondering whether people would be
comfortable living in converted shipping containers, just
consider the great reaction that greets shipping containers
converted for retail use. They're thought of as cool, hip and
quirky. When used as affordable housing, it's no stretch to say
that many won't think of shipping containers as a last resort, so
much as actively desirable.
(Abridged and adapted from
https://www.openaccessgovemment.org)
39) (EFOMM 2019) Read the statements about the text and
decide whether they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Mark the
correct option.
I - There is a surfeit of dwellings in England.
II - Housing is wobbly in England.
III - House prices are steep worldwide.
IV - Home ownership is attainable for many people.
V - Living in a shipping Container is alluring and ordinary
throughout the world.
a) I - (F) / II - (T) / III - (T) / IV - (F) / V - (F)
b) I - (T) / II - (F) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (F)
c) I - (T) / II - (T) / III - (T) / IV - (F) / V - (T)
d) I - (F) / II - (F) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (F)
e) I - (F) / II - (T) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (T)
40) (EFOMM 2019) In the excerpt “But one major factor is a
general dearth of good quality, affordable housing.”, the
word in bold means:
a) wealthy
b) paucity
c) surplus
d) amount
e) glut
41) (EFOMM 2019) According to the text, shipping containers
a) can be a menace for people.
b) are a rip off.
c) are usually rotten.
d) never tamish.
e) can be snug.
Texto para as questões 42 e 43
Smartphones are rewiring our brains
With beeps, buzzes and chimes alerting us to crucial
intelligences like the latest software updates we'll regret
installing, and our work colleague's groundbreaking new
profile picture, our mastery of concentration is slipping away.
Focus is becoming a lost art. One study reported that adults
between the ages of 18 and 33 interact with their phones an
astounding 85 times a day, spending about 5 hours doing so.
Interestingly, their usage was largely unconscious. They all
thought they spent about half the time. For Larry Rosen, a
psychologist at Califórnia State University, smartphones are
really influencing our behavior.
Benjamim Storm, a psychologist at the University of
Califórnia says: “The scope of the amount of information we
have at our fíngertips is beyond anything we've ever
experienced. The temptation to become reliant on it seems to
be greater”. One of his studies offered strong evidence that the
more students were allowed to use the internet to answer
questions, the more they were prone to continue to use the
internet, even when the questions became easier. “Some people
think memory is absolutely declining as a result of us using
technology”, he says. “Others disagree”. Based on the current
data, though, I don't think we can really make strong
conclusions one way or the other”.
(Adapted and abridged from: http://www.cbc.ca)
42) (EFOMM 2019) Read the text and mark the correct option.
a) Smartphone notifications such as beeps, buzzes and
chimes are crucial to our intelligence.
b) Smartphones help in mastering concentration and
sharpening our focus.
c) A study showed that adults between 18 and 33 were
unaware of the actual time they spent on their
smartphones.
d) Although we've never had so much information at our
fíngertips, people are less reliant on them.
e) For Benjamim Storm, it is a fact that memory is
declining as a result of using technology.
43) (EFOMM 2019) In the excerpt “[...] the more they were
prone to continue to use the internet [...]”, the word in bold
means:
a) assured
b) inclined
c) averse
d) certain
e) unwilling
Texto para as questões 44 e 45
Development of world's first autonomous, zeroemission
feeder postponed amid COVID-19 crisis
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the changed global
outlook, the development of the world's first autonomous and
electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on hold,
Norwegian company Yara announced.
Yara has decided to pause further development of the vessel
and will assess next steps together with its partners, the
company stated. The hull of the Yara Birkeland vessel was
launched to sea in Romania in February 2020. The ship is
expected to arrive at the Norwegian shipyard in May where it
will be fitted with various control and navigation systems and
undergo testing before delivery to Yara.
Yara and technology company Kongsberg teamed up in
2017 with the ambition to build the world's first autonomous
and zero-emission container vessel.
Replacing 40,000 truck journeys a year, Yara Birkeland
seeks to reduce NOx and CO2 emissions and improve road
safety in a densely populated urban area in Norway.
(Adapted from: https://safety4sea.com)
144
44) (EFOMM 2020) According to the article:
a) Covid-19 pandemic urged the development of the
world's first autonomous, zero-emission feeder.
b) Norwegian Company Yara issued a statement about the
launching of a new watercraft fully manned,
c) Unmanned craft can whittle down the discharge of foul
air and greenhouse gases.
d) Yara and Kongsberg technology company split up due
to the virus outbreak.
e) Autonomous and zero-emission feeders are salvage
vessels that can stow the level of pollutants.
45) (EFOMM 2020) Which statements are TRUE about the
article?
I-The pandemic forestalled additional improvement ofthe
feeder vessel.
II-The ship will enable a depletion of road freight and road
hazards.
III-The vessel will be scrapped straight away.
IV-The Norwegian shipyard went bankrupt due to the
changed global outlook.
V-The ship will be fitted with outdated controls and
navigation systems.
a) I and V
b) IV and V
c) II and V,
d) III and IV
e) I and II
Texto para as questões 46 e 47
Passenger ship hits rock
A passenger ship was inbound in daylight and fair
visibility. The Master gave the Pilot a briefing regarding the
ship's manoeuvring characteristics; the ship was highly
manoeuvrable and would 'turn on a dirne,' he said. The Master
told the Pilot that a three-degree helm order would create a rate
of turn of 10-15 degrees per minute.
The bridge team would consist of the Pilot at the con while
the Master would bave overall navigational conunand. The
staff captain would be in charge of communications while the
first officer would be in charge of electronic navigation and
collision avoidance. Finally, the second officer would be in
charge of plotting the ship's position on the navigational chart,
The Pilot and the . Master discussed and agreed the
intended passage plan, noting a strong flood tide that would be
running astern. However, the subsequent investigation found
that, due to miscommunication during the exchange, the
passage inwards began with the Master and Pilot having
different understandings of how the first turn would be
conducted.
The ship was lined up with the leading navigation lights
and entered the channel without incident. As the Pilot took the
con, the Master brief ed the staff captain on the Master/ Pilot
exchange and explained his understanding of how they were
going to negotiate the tum to port. The rest of the bridge team
were not included in this conversation and essentially relied on
what they overheard.
Under the Pilot's con, the first alteration of course to port
was initiated using three degrees of port helm. At this time the
vessel had a speed over ground (SOG) of nearly 18 knots. The
initial helm order was followed by successive increases to five
and then 10 degrees of rudder.
About one minute after the initial three degree port helm
order an offtrack: alarm flashed 011 the ECDIS, but this
information was not brought to the attention of the Master or
the Pilot. The alarm appeared only as a visual indicator on the
radar screen because its audio had been muted prior to the ship
entering the channel.
Even so, the Master and Pilot soon realised that the ship
was proceeding dangerously close to a known rock shoal, so 20
degrees of port rudder was ordered, immediately foll owed by
maximum port rudder.
About three minutes after the initial helm order of three
degrees, and despite the emergency helm order, the ship's bilge
keel and the starboard propeller made contact with the rock as
the ship passed.
The ship was then navigated back to the centre of the
channel and continued on its passage to port without further
incident.
The official report on this accident discusses the concept of
allowing a ship to depart from an intended track in the belief
that other influences, such as tide in this case, would return the
ship to the intended track. The report notes that this carries a
high risk when manoeuvring large ships in narrow waterways,
where margins for error are small. The report posits that there
is less risk when a ship is kept strictly to the intended track by
increasing or decreasing its rate of tum inresponse to the
external influences such as tide and wind. This method has the
advantage of being unambiguous for other members of the
bridge team tasked with monitoring the progress of the ship
against the planned track.
(Adapted from: https://steamshipmutual.com)
46) (EFOMM 2020) It is possible to infer from the text that:
a) Both the one in charge of the ship and the Pilot saw eye-
to-eye on the voyage planning at the outset.
b) The outer passenger ship was quite stationary.
c) Despite being highly manoeuvrable, the ship would
have problems in changing direction very quickly in a
very small space.
d) Due to a rock shoal the ship stranded
e) The navigation lights were unlit, although the ship was
keeping track of it.
47) (EFOMM 2020) Mark the option that is TRUE about the
text.
a) As the Master does not hold ultimate command and
responsibility on board, the Pilot and staff Captain take
the navigation watch.
b) After taking over the navigational duties on the bridge,
the Pilot gave instructions to the staff Captain on the
Master/Pilot trade.
c) Both the Pilot and the Master took the offtrack alarm for
granted as it went off the ECDIS.
d) The audible and visual emergency alarms had been
hushed when the vessel entered the channel.The audible
and visual emergency alarms had been hushed when the
vessel entered the channel.
e) The Master as well as the Pilot found out that the vessel
was running into risk and made up their minds to steer
clear of it at once.
145
Texto para a questão 48
IMO, FAO to reduce marine plastic litter
In light of the global issue of marine plastic litter, IMO and
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO) shake their hands and inked an agreement in order to
prevent and reduce marine plastic litter coming from shipping
In fact, the agreement focuses on how the agencies will
jointly execute the project and marks the next step towards
many strategic partnerships anticipated under the project.
Through their collaboration, both sides will move forward
and jointly implemente the GloLitter Partnerships Project,
initially launched in December 2019, with funding from
Norway.
For the records, the GloLitter Project will help developing
countries to identify opportunities to prevent and reduce marine
litter, icluding plastic litter, from within the maritime transport
and fishery sectors, and to decrease the use of plastics in these
industries.
“It will identify opportunities to re-use and recycle plastics.
It will directly help to achieve one of the specific targets in the
global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 – to prevent
and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in
particular from lan-based activities, including marine debris
and nutriente pollution, by 2025.”, as IMO noted in its
statement.
Moreover, IMO and FAO will now reach out to their
respective Fields to strengthen cooperation, not least private
sector participation through a Global Industry Alliance. The
agreement was signed on 14 April 2020.
(Adapted from: https://safety4sea.com)
48) (EFOMM 2020) According to the text, it is possible to
infer that:
a) IMO and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations made an agreement that would spur the
jettison of waste in the oceans.
b) Marine pollution has been backed by some sectors of
society.
c) The contract between IMO and FAO is related to the
strategies for enlarging the provision of rubbish for the
industries.
d) The contract will enable an ebb in marine pollution
besides averting it.
e) The project is a helping hand in the development of
other countries and a deterrent for recycling.
49) (EFOMM 2020) Choose the option with the correct
prefixes to complete the sentences below.
I. Computing systems often deliberately _____ classify
sensitive information.
II. Since then, every time I felt stressed, _____ aligned, or
dissatisfied, I would refer back to them to get the source of
my frustration." ·
III. My son-in-law was talking and acting in an ____
appropriate manner at the party.
IV. Crooks sometimes ____ run the police.
V. She had difficulty in writing anything but scribbles
because she was ____ patient.
VI. Her latest article is quite ____ similar from the previous
one.
a) de- / dis- / in-/ out- / im- / dis
b) de-/ un-/ un- / mis- / im- / un-
c) dis-/ in- / dis-/ out- / un- / un-
d) de- / dis- / in- / mis-/ im- / dis
 e) dis- / mis- / un- / mis- / un-/dis
50) (EFOMM 2020) Based on the passage below, mark the
correct option.
By the end of our first two weeks in Holland, we had
fallen head over heels for the country. It's a historic, visual,
artistic and cultural feast that is compact and easy to get
around thanks to its efficient trains, buses and bike routes.
(Adapted from: Sail Magazine, August 2018.)
Considering the previous passage, the underlined phrase
'head over heels' is closest in meaning to:
a) Bewildered
b) Gleeful
c) At ease
d) In love
e) Stupefied
51) (EFOMM 2020) Read the poem below and choose the
correct answer.
SEA-FEVER
I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky,
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by,
And the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white
sail's shaking,
And a grey mist on the sea's face and a grey dawn breaking.
I must down to the seas again, forthe call of the running tide
Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied;
And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying,
And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the seagulls
crying.
I must down to the seas again to the vagrant gypsy life,
To the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like
a whetted knife;
And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover,
And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's
over.
By John Masefield (1878-1967)
According to the text:
a) The title refers to a disease that could commonly occur
working onboard vessels at sea.
b) The seagulls are crying because of the blown spume and
the flung spray.
c) The voice of the poem has a strong desire to hear a story
from a seafarer.
d) The whetted knife is going to be used to cut the seagulls
and the whales like the wind.
e) The voice of the poem wants to have an amazing
adventure at sea by sailing in very bad weather,
Texto para as questões 52 e 53
52) (EFOMM 2020) In "A merchant navy or merchant marine
is the fleet of merchant vessels [... ]. ", the word fleet
means:
a) Union
b) Team
146
c) Group
d) Category
e) Company
53) (EFOMM 2020) Based on the text, it is possible to infer
that:
a) There are many job positions to be held.
b) Most ofthe job vacancies are overlooked.
c) Prospects for employment are short-term ones.
d) A great deal of job opportunities has been shed.
e) A gloomy unemployment scenario has been faced.
54) (EFOMM 2020) According to the text:
Confluence of Cultures
A professional involved in a merchant marine career
gets to meet and mingle with people of different cultures
and nationalities. This helps the individual to understand
and function better as a team player and learn the nuances
of different cultures and traditions at the same time. This
automatically increases adaptability and brings about more
awareness about what goes and what doesn't in a different
country.
(From: https://www .marineinsi ght. com/careers-2/10-
reasonswhy-a-career-in-merchant-navy-ís-unl ike-any-
other-career/)
a) Communication between co-workers provides them
with deeper understanding about their way of life.
b) Interaction with people from various cultures enhances
professional skill.
c) By being exposed to different cultures, workers end up
strict professionals.
d) Knowledge got from being in contact with foreigners
affects the professional's quality of life.
e) A proper behavior on the part of such a professional is a
requirement for communication abroad.
Texto para a questão 55
MARITIME ACCIDENTS
Accidents on Tugboats
Tugboats are those which help move huge ships to enter
docks. They are small in nature but are powerful to ensure that
the large vessels are handled safely. But sometimes because of
the blockage of the visibility of tugboats by the larger vessels,
maritime accidents occur. Also, human error on the part of the
pilot of the tugboat can also lead to unwanted and unexpected
tugboat mishaps.
Accidents on Oil Tankers
The major cause of accidents on tankers is explosions.
Since the very nature of the materials . these tankers transport
is dangerous and highly flammable, even the most minor of
explosions can cause enormous losses. According to statistics,
one of the main reasons for oil tanker accidents occurring is
because of workers' negligence - nearly 84-88%.
(Adapted from: https://www
.maríneinsight.com/marinesafety/12-types-of~maritime-
accidents/)
55) (EFOMM 2020) Read the statements below and decide
whether they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Then choose the
option that contains the correct answer.
I. Maritime accidents can be caused by human failure.
II. Size of vessels does not imply maritime accidents.
III. Maritime accidents sometimes occur at dock entrances.
IV. Lack of visibility is one of the causes of maritime
accidents.
 V. Explosions represent a small percentage in tanker
accidents.
a) T - T - F - T – F
b) T - F - F - T – F
c) F - T - F - T – T
d) F - T - T - F – F
e) T - F - T - F - T
56) (EFOMM 2021) It is possible to infer from the excerpt that
Inland cargo ship ran aground, damaged, may break in
two, Western Scheldt
Inland cargo ship MVS SOWNENT loaded with soil ran
aground at around 1750 UTC April 14 on Western Scheldt
near Baalhoek, Netherlands, while sailing downstream. The
ship suffered serious damages, hull is breached, understood
to get cracks, but there's no immediate danger of breaking.
She was refloated and taken below grounding site, to be
offloaded and after that, towed to Hansweert.
(Adapted from
https://www.fleetmon.com/services/vesselrisk-rating/)
a) the coastal freighter MVS SOWNENT was disabled and
adrift.
b) the vessel nearly turned turtle clear of land.
c) the ship managed to avoid flood damage.
d) the main frame of the vesselis rifted.
e) before being discharged, the vessel was hauled to
Hansweert.
Texto para as questões 57 e 58
First ship tunnel to be constructed in Norway
Norway plans for a pioneering construction project that will
facilitate ship transportation. The plan includes the construction
of a tumnel from which ships will pass by in order to avoid the
Stad peninsula. The endeavor has been underway since 2017
and was approved by Norway’s Ministry of Transport and
Communications in late February 2021.
The waters in the Stad peninsula are dangerous since it is an
exposed area where navigation is challenging. Except for the
water currents, the underwater topography creates additional
issues including unpredictable waves which may persist for a
significant amount of time after a storm has passed.
The Norwegian Coastal Administration stated that plans for
alternatives such as the one currently underway have been
suggested for years. Even the Vikings used to drag their ships
over the land in order to avoid the dangerous conditions around
the peninsula. During World War II, the Germans also made
plans to construct a similar project, however, according to
Terje Andreassen, head of the Norwegian Coastal
Administration, “the war didn’t last long enough to build it”.
The tunnel will create an alternative, faster route for ships
around the peninsula. It will stretch for 1700 meters and will be
37 and 36 meters in height and width, respectively. The
construction will begin from the two sides of the tunnel
(probably using the drilling and blasting technique). The tunnel
face will be excavated in multiple phases. The top of the tunnel
will be supported by a layer of shotcrete. Routes from which
the excavated material will be transported outside ofthe tunnel
will also be established.
The two entrances of the tunnel will feature walls made
from the excavated rocks. The interior of the facility will have
led lights that will function both as an aesthetic and a
navigation tool. The design aims at making the tunnel fit with
the surrounding nature and not interrupt the natural
environment.
147
The total cost of the project is expected to reach $325MM
with officials mentioning that funding has been secured. The
construction process is planned to begin in early 2022 after
signing a contract in 2021. Officials suggest that the
construction phase will last for 3-4 years, hence, the tunnel will
be completed by 2026.
Norway is a pioneering country for tunnel engineering and
has more than 1,100 facilities. The rough terrain and the
rockmass conditions (which are generally good) have favored
the establishment of such projects.
Despite the excitement for the project, not everyone is in
favor of it. According to Knut Samset, Professor of project
management at the Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, the project is not going to be financially
prosperous due to its high cost, the fact that it will not always
be thefaster route and that modem ships will not be obliged to
use it. “It's a very expensive thing. Weather permitting, it's as
fast to sail around the cape as it is to sail into the fjord and
through the tunnel. Plus, today’s boats are big enough and safe
enough to handle the choppy waters, which makes traveling
through the tunnel a moot point.”, Prof. Samset stated.
(From https:// www.geoengineer.org>news)
57) (EFOMM 2021) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) The new route will be compulsory for contemporary
ships.
b) The project is going to be a little steep.
c) The groundbreaking project of the tunnel is a real flop.
d) The placid waters of the peninsula are the main
deterrent to safe navigation.
e) The construction of the tunnel caused a feeling of
dispair.
58) (EFOMM 2021) It is true about the text that
a) plying the new waterway is still a bone of contention.
b) due to its underwater topography, the tunnel will
certainly jeopardize future navigation in the peninsula.
c) the Vikings used to shut their eyes to the menacing
situation around the peninsula.
d) integrating the tunnel with its surrounding nature is
beyond the bounds of possibility.
e) the plans for the first ship tunel came overnight.
Texto para as questões 59 e 60
What the Ever Given can tell us about mental health at sea
Captain Lee Clarke from Tapiit Live on one of the overlooked
aspects stemming from last month's Suez blockage.
Thirty days ago, a ship named Ever Given was sailing in
relative anonymity. Twenty-nine days ago, that same ship
found itself splashed across the front cover of every national
newspaper from London to Lima.
In a matter of hours, the ship and its 25 strong crew went
from highly skilled seafarers to media targets. In the maelstrom
of social media memes, newspaper cover stories and “special
reports”, one major thing was forgotten, more likely ignored:
the crew”'s mental well-being.
In a world of social media, everyone is an expert, and
never has that been felt more in the maritime industry than
now. A frenzy of blame erupted almost instantly with little or
no merit or fact-checking, as evidenced by the naming of a
female officer as the Ever Given's Captain, regardless of the
fact she was over 200 miles away on another vessel.
Being a seafareris a stressful job, irrespective of a global
incident, especially when you factor in being away from family
for extended periods and working contract to contract with
little job security. You also have to cope with fatigue,
extreme weather conditions and intense time pressure placed
upon the crew and its Master by multiple state and global
agencies as well as the ship’s own charter. So, add to that
taking the “blame” for halting $9.6 billion of trade a day,
understandably, stress levels rise astronomically.
As an industry, mental health appears still to be very much
a taboo topic. Seafarers are more likely to be signed off and
dismissed for being deemed “unfit to serve” than they are to
receive any form of support. Whilst onboard, the mood will
feel somewhat supportive with the crew banding together to
keep the ship operating, internally, each and every seafarer,
from deckhand to Master will be worrying about their
reputation and thus, their employability.
From my experience as a Captain, your crew is your first
line of defence against any major incident. As soon as
something goes awry, they burst into action, they're trained to
do so, it's instinctive. I have no doubt, everyone aboard the
Ever Given did everything in their power to protect that ship
and avoid a major incident, but some things are beyond your
control. In reality, they will never be praised for saving the
ship, only criticised for grounding it.
This crew is acutely aware of the issues the incident has
caused and they are reminded of it every time they open their
phone or computer to read the news or speak to their families,
and I feel for every single one of them.
They’re now stuck in an Egyptian lake, further away from
their families, without the ability to defend themselves with the
threat of civil and criminal charges looming. This downward
spiral will undoubtedly be taking its toll on their mental health
and in the past, there hasn't been much of a support system in
place to help.
Based on my experience offshore, working for a company
that provides mental well-being training, and from all of the
feedback, Tapiit has garnered from its live-streamed mental
health awareness courses, seafarers want and need this support.
Yet, there's a deep-rooted fear that admitting they're struggling
and asking for help will be the end of their careers.
Of course, the conversation has advanced significantly,
however, it's still not where it should be. The harsh reality is,
the Ever Given and its crew will be forgotten about in a month
or two’s time, but this crew is hurting and will continue to
struggle with the mental health issues caused by the incident
for years to come.
(Adapted from https://splash247.com>what-the-ev...)
59) (EFOMM 2021) Read the sentences and mark the correct
option aboutthe text.
I) Captain Lee Clarke reckons that the crew of the Ever
Given busted a gut to steer clear ofjeopardies.
II) The crew’s mental well-being was slighted.
III) Seafarers are usually given the sack for being unwary.
IV) The crew of the Ever Given stood out for being clumsy.
V) It was settled that there was a female skipper who rode
herd on the Ever Given
a) I and II
b) II and IV
c) III and V
d) I and III
e) II and V
148
60) (EFOMM 2021) According to Captain Lee Clarke, the
seafarer’s occupation is
a) a piece of cake.
b) a cushy job.
c) terrific.
d) a cinch.
e) grueling.
61) (EFOMM 2021) Mark the correct option about the text.
Ever Given crew fear joining ranks of seafarers
stranded on ships for Years
“For two years Mohammad Aisha has been the lone
resident of an abandoned container ship marooned off
Egypt in Golf of Suez. If he needs to charge his phone, get
drinking water or buy food, he has to row to shore, although
he can only stay for two hours at most as the area is a
restricted military zone. According to one doctor who
examined him, the malnourished sailor has started to
exhibit similar symptoms to prisioners held in poor
conditions.”
(Adapted from https://www.the guardian.com>19)
a) Mohammad Aisha’s having the time of his life on board
the ship.
b) The container ship is keeling over in the vicinity of the
port.
c) Mohammad Aisha’s endurance hinges on his attempís.
d) Mohammad Aisha gets a real kick out of rowing to
shore.
e) Mohammad Aisha is a ravenous convict.
Texto para as questões 62 – 65
Maersk, the worlds largest shipping company, says the
Suez Canal blockage”s economic fallout will continue into
second half of May
Kevin Shalvey
Apr 11, 2021, 9:01 AM
Fallout from the Ever Given's time lodged in the Suez
Canal will “ripple” through the economy for the next few
weeks or months, according to Maersk, the world's biggest
shipping company.
“We will see ripple effects continuing into the second half
of May,” Lars Mikael Jensen, head of Maersk's Global Ocean
Network, told The Financial Times.
The Ever Given, which is among the world’s largest
container ships, was lodged in the canal for six days,
effectively closing ons of the world’s most important trade
routes.
The Ever Given was operated by the Taiwan-based
shipping company Evergreen Group. The ship was freed on
March 29.
Maersk predicted knock-on effects from the blockage. In an
updated press advisory posted on Thursday, the company said
it was pleased to see that the queue waiting at the canal was
rapidly diminishing.
“For each day that passes we are getting a clearer picture of
what this incident means for our customers,” the company said.
Maersk said about 50 ships had been delayed for about a
week because of the blockage. Some of those ships waited on
either end of the canal, while others were redirected around the
Cape of Good Hope.
The effects of those delays will be felt in ports around the
world, the company said. Its advisory warned that delays may
vary by location. Busy ports and terminals may not have berths
for ships arriving outside their originally scheduled: windows.
The company previously said shipping backlog may take
months to unravel.
“Even when the canal gets reopened, the ripple effects on
global capacity and equipment are significant and the blockage
has already triggered a series of further disruptions and backlog
in global shipping that could take weeks, possibly months, to
unravel,” Maersk said in a statement back when the Ever Given
was still lodged in the canal.
(Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com maersk-ever-
given-suez-canal-blockage-economic-fallout-late-may-2021-4)
62) (EFOMM 2021) According to the text, it is possible to
infer that
a) the prolonged marine blockage at Suez Canal could
have spiralled into an economic trouble.
b) the tie-up of shipment caused by the lodged Ever Given
would cause customers financial problems.
c) concerted actions to salvage the ship could have averted
serious shortages of supplies.
d) the Suez trade route closure has undermined confidence
in economy position.
e) success in freeing the Ever Given as soon as possible
would significantly boom economy.
63) (EFOMM 2021) In “The company previously said
shipping backlog may take months to unravel”, the
company
a) had stated about the period of time that might have been
taken to carry through the accumulated amount of
shipping work.
b) had assumed that a period of months might have been
taken in order to have the shipping activities rearranged.
c) had commented that it might take months to start again
the great amount of shipping work.
d) had pronounced on the amount of time that might be
taken so that all shipping work is brought down.
e) had said that it might take a long period until the
quantity of shipping work gets its volume increased.
64) (EFOMM 2021) Which statementis true about the text?
a) Ever Given vessel operated by Evergreen group is the
world's largest ever container ship.
b) In consequence of a six-day shipping backlog, ports all
over the world would be as busy as ever.
c) The Canal blockage was over after six days and
shipping lane has been freed ever since.
d) According to Maersk, as the six days went by, blockage
effects on our customers” business were getting ever
more evident.
e) The fact that Ever Given has run aground for six days
would rarely, if ever, affect ships” schedule adversely.
65) (EFOMM 2021) According to the text, it is possible to
conclude that
a) authorities had reassessed maritime laws before the time
the Suez Canal got reopened.
b) even when the Suez Canal got opened again, shipping
companies remained inactive for months.
c) when the Suez Canal got no longer obstructed, the Cape
of Good Hope had got impassable.
d) all ships in the long queue had been redirected before
the time the Suez Canal became passable.
e) Ever Given had already been refloated, by the time the
Suez Canal got unblocked.
149
Texto para as questões 66 e 67
IMO Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships
IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)
in 2018 adopted the International Maritime Organisation
(IMO) Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships,
which aims to enhance existing regulations and introduce new
supporting measures to reduce marine plastic litter from ships.
What is marine litter?
Plastic materials in all shapes and sizes are omnipresent in
our seas and oceans. They break down extremely slowly in the
marine environment, taking in excess of 400 years. Marine
litter originates from many sources and causes a wide spectrum
of environmental, economic, safety, health and cultural
impacts. For example, marine litter can cause harm to sea life if
ingested or even death if a marine mammal becomes entangled
in litter.
Marine litter has been defined by UN Environment (United
Nations Environment) as “any persistent, manufactured or
processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned
in the marine and coastal environment. Marine litter consists of
items that have been made or used by people and deliberately
discarded into the sea or rivers or on beaches; brought
indirectly to the sea with rivers, sewage, storm water or winds;
accidentally lost, including material lost at sea in bad weather
(fishing gear, cargo); or deliberately left by people on beaches
and shores.”
Marine litter, including plastics and microplastics, is known
to result from land-based sources in massive quantities but can
also originate from ships. Debris particles have been observed
in coastal areas, in waters far from anthropogenic pollution
sources, in surface waters, in the water column of deep water
and in ocean sediments, and from the equator to the poles,
including trapped in sea ice.
UN Environment estimates that 15% of marine litter floats
on the sea's surface, 15% remains in the water column and 70%
rests on the seabed.
According to another study, 5.25 million plastic particles,
weighing 268,940 tonnes in total, are currently floating in the
world’s oceans.
What problems does marinelitter cause?
In addition to the environmental and health problems posed
by marine litter, floating garbage and plastics pose a costly as
well as dangerous problem for shipping, as they can be
anavigational hazard and become entangled in propellers and
rudders.
Another problem requiring urgent remedial action is the
massive accumulation of plastics, not only in coastal areas but
also in the deep sea.
This litter is harmful to marine life: sea creatures can
become trapped inside containers or strangled by nets or ropes,
and microplastics can also enter the food chain as they are
indigestible when swallowed.
(Adapted from https://www.imo.org)
66) (EFOMM 2021) Mark the correct alternative about the text
above.
a) Litter disposal at sea has been treated as a matter of
human lack ofattention.
b) IMO voices its view about sea life being caught in a trap
of extensive damage.
c) UN Environment has called on IMO to issue litter-
related death on sea.
 d) Attention has been diverted from land-based litter to
debris on open sea.
e) Plastic is by far the least noticeable substance discarded
into marine environment.
67) (EFOMM 2021) “They break down extremely slowly in
the marine environment, taking in excess of 400 years.”
The underlined expression means:
a) As little as possible
b) further than normally recommended
c) much less than usually expected
d) more than a particular amount
e) slightly greater than normal
Texto para as questões 68 – 70
The invasion of Ukraine is causing crisis at sea
Russian ships have nowhere to dock, and supply chains will
suffer.
The United Kingdom has banned Russian ships from
calling on its ports, and the European Union (EU) is about to
do the same. The world's three largest shipping lines will no
longer call on Russian ports. Ukraine's ports are closed.
Russian's invasion of Ukraine is wreaking havoc on global
shipping, which transports 80 per cent of the world's trade.
Ships are now sailing the oceans unable to deliver and pick up
cargo while some 140 other merchant vessels are stuck in
Ukrainian ports, at risk of coming under fire and with food and
other provisions running low. The rest of the world should care
about their desperate situation - if nothing else because the
cargo they carry is crucial to our daily lives.
On March 1, the crude oil tanker NS Champion suddenly
encountered an urgent problem. It was steering toward
Scotland's Orkency oil terminal. Like many other cargo
vessels, the NS Champion sails under a Liberian flag, but it is
owned by Sovcomflot, Russia's largest shipping company, and
on Feb. 24 the U.S. government had placed the company under
sanctions. Even so, the tanker had the right to make its next
port of call, because sanctions don't affect ships that are already
en route. But before it arrived, the British government
announced it was immediately closing U.K. ports to Russian
vessels. The Champion had to sail on, oil undelivered, to its
next port of call, Denmark's Port of Skagen.
Very soon, it won't be able to deliver its oil there either.
The EU is expected to imminently follow the U.K.'s lead and
close its ports to vessels owned or operated by Russian
companies or sailing under the Russian flag. Canada already
has. Switzerland-based Mediterranean Shipping Company, the
world's largest shipping company has announced that it's
suspending all container traffic to and from Russia. So have the
other two members of global shipping's top three, Denmark-
based Maersk and France's CMA CGM. Singapore-based
Ocean Network Express and Germany's Hapag-Lloyd had
already made similar announcements. The companies will only
make humanitarian deliveries, usually understood as food and
medication.
That means Russia will be cut off from much of the world,
able to send and receive goods only via primarily Asian
shipping companies such as China's COSCO. Ukraine,
meanwhile, has already been cut off. The week before the
invasion, maritime insurers red-listed the Russian and
Ukrainian parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, making
it difficult and expensive for ships to sail through the waters.
When Russia invaded last month, Ukraine closed its ports. The
150
country is already running low on oxygen and other medical
supplies.
(Adapted from foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/07/ ukraine-
shipping-supply-w...)
68) (EFOMM 2022) According to the text,
a) there is a surfeit of food in the Ukrainian ports.
b) the Russian invasion is laying waste to global shipping.
c) the Russian seizure of Ukraine is panning out.
d) worldwide shipping is making strides on account of the
Russian invasion.
e) global shipping is thriving as a result of the Ukrainian
occupation.
69) (EFOMM 2022) It is possible to infer from the text that
a) humanitarian assistance is beside the point.
b) the transportation of goods is plain sailing.
c) penalties imposed by the US government pose threats to
vessels already on the way.
d) the European Union is on the verge of casting out
Russian ships from dropping into its ports.
e) China refrained from backing Russia.
70) (EFOMM 2022) The invasion of Ukraine is wreaking
havoc on global shipping. That means it _______________
international freight.
a) is fostering
b) is uplifting
c) is strengthening
d) is evolving
e) is ravaging
Texto para as questões 71 e 72
Seafarers are being fired upon by military vessels, one seafarer
has been killed, and others remain trapped in the Sea of Azov
and along the Black Sea coast. Others have lost their jobs or
cannot access their salaries. Seafarers are suffering because of
war. They are in a precarious position yet again.
(Adapted from: https://www.globalmaritimeforum.org news-
war-in-uk.)
71) (EFOMM 2022) According to the previous excerpt,
seafarers are undergoing a treacherous situation. Which
statement is the odd one out?
a) They are in a fix.
b) They are going through a sticky patch.
c) They are painting the town red.
d) They are on a razor edge.
e) They are having a thin time of it.
72) (EFOMM 2022) Read the previous excerpt and decide if
the following statements are True (T) or False (F). Mark the
option with the correct sequence.
Concerning seafarers, it is possible to say that
I- they are having a ball.
II- they are not in a tight corner.
III- one has been bumped off
I- they are well-heeled.
V- they are being laid off.
a) T - F - T - F - F
b) F - T - F - F - F
c) T - T - F - T - F
d) T - F - T - T - T
e) F - F - T - F – T
Texto para a questão 73
Tackling the challenges of cultural differences onboard
The phenomenon of manning a ship with a culturally mixed
crew is nothing new in the shipping industry. However,
working along with mixed crews on board ships can easily lead
to potential misunderstandings or miscommunication issues.
As a result, shipping companies and operators need to provide
cross-cultural training to every crewmember before boarding a
vessel.
Given the matter of multi-national crews' employment, the
industry must be well-prepared, in order to cope with manning
diversity, while realize the hidden risks of mixed crews.
Multiplicity of persons whose ethnicity involves differences,
not only language but also culture and religion are a major
challenge to overcome when facing prolonged periods of on
board.
According to a study conducted by World Maritime
University, cultural complexity on ships has become an issue
of intensive attention, due to the fact that a growing number of
maritime accidents are attributed to ineffective communication
and misinterpretation of different behaviors on multilingual
and multicultural vessels.
"Seafaring professional culture, seafarers' national
cultures, shipping company organizational culture and the
industry-hailed safety culture all exert influences on seafarers'
individual attitudes, values, and team interactions and can lead
to positive or negative performance on board ships." ... as
World Maritime University stated.
What is more, it is observed that poor command of English,
wrong stereotyping, different understanding of safety/work
culture and different attitude toward risk, can all lead to severe
marine accidents and impact a ship's operational performance.
"The development of cross-cultural competency is absent
from the agenda of maritime education and training, despite
the fact that the shipping sector is highly globalized and the
maritime labor market widely multicultural."
In addition, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime
Studies conducted a survey noting that companies should not
only focus on the acquisition of appropriate technical skills for
navigation and engineering, but also on the non-technical, i.e.
soft skills, such as communication skills and intercultural
competences and understanding of how culture can impact
communication.
Therefore, it is of vital importance for shipping industry
and the seafarers to tackle the challenges of cultural differences
onboard, by taking into consideration the following points:
boost a cultural awareness environment; develop a global
mindset; practice of language skills; enhance international
work experience; boost diverse social contacts: promote
appreciation of cultural differences.
"Cultural differences should not separate us from each
other, but rather cultural diversity brings a collective strength
that can benefit all of humanity. Intercultural dialogue is the
best guarantee of a more peaceful, just and sustainable
world."... Robert Alan, American writer, artist and social
activist noted.
(Adapted from: https://safety4sea.com/cm-tackling-the-
challenges-of-cultural-differences-onboard/)
151
73) (EFOMM 2022) Choose the correct statement according to
the text.
a) Multiculturalism on board is a thorny issue and it is
imperative to find means to take the edge off its
challenges.
b) The article describes cultural differences on board as
challenging and unprecedented.
c) Seafarers are held solely responsible for their
performance on board
d) The challenges of cultural differences might be dealt
with by curbing cultural awareness on board.
e) The soft skills encompass a wide range of technical
skills required to work on the deck and in the engine
room.
Texto para a questão 74
Raising the reef
On the tiny island of Bonaire, scuba divers tend to an
underwater nursery, slowly plucking off the algae that
smothers young coral dangling from fibreglass trees. The
island's entire coastline is a protected marine park and a major
draw for tourists, but like elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea, coral
cover has declined since the 1970s due to warming sea
temperatures, disease outbreaks, coastal development and
pollution. A team of scientists and volunteer divers are working
tirelessly to restore the dying reef in the hope that it will serve
as a model for the rest of the Caribbean.
Above water, Bonaire has a semi-desert landscape dotted
with giant cacti and low shrubs, which trap sediment and help
prevent soil erosion. There is one problem, though: feral goats
and donkeys, descendants of those once brought in by Spanish
settlers, love to gobble up the scant vegetation. The loss of
plant life, combined with powerful winds and hurricanes,
increasingly pushes sediment and waste into the ocean, where
it chokes the clear water.
As Bonaire is located outside of the hurricane belt, it
provides a safe haven for boat owners to moor their vessels, but
this can also have a negative impact on the coral. "We now
have increasing number of boats mooring in the town area,
very close to shore. They just release their waste water into the
occan, right here, on top of the reef," says Francesca Virdis, a
marine biologist and project co-ordinator at Reef Renewal
Foundation Bonaire (RRFB). Waste water introduces bacteria,
viruses and disease to the shallow reef, as well as nitrogen and
phosphorus that can fuel the growth of algae. As algae and
corals both require sunlight to survive, they compete for space
on the seabed.
(Adapted from: Wired, 2020)
74) (EFOMM 2022) According to the text, choose the correct
option.
a) Volunteer divers and scientists are tired of trying to
make coral reefs return to their former condition.
b) Attempting to preserve life at sea, scuba divers are
engaged in algac farming.
c) Waste water favors the proliferation of algae improving
the resilience of coral reefs.
d) The depletion of skimpy vegetation in Bonaire is a
critical issue.
e) Human impact on Bonaire's coral reef's has plummeted
dramatically over the years.
 Gabarito 62) B
1) A 63) A
2) C 64) C
3) E 65) E
4) B 66) B
5) D 67) D
6) B 68) B
7) D 69) D
8) B 70) E
9) C 71) C
10) A 72) E
11) B 73) A
12) C 74) D
13) B
14) D
15) E
16) A
17) B
18) C
19) B
20) B
21) E
22) C
23) D
24) E
25) B
26) A
27) A
28) D
29) C
30) C
31) D
32) A
33) C
34) C
35) B
36) D
37) D
38) B
39) A
40) B
41) E
42) C
43) B
44) C
45) E
46) A
47) E
48) D
49) A
50) D
51) C
52) C
53) A
54) B
55) B
56) D
57) B
58) A
59) A
60) E
61) C

152
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
Escola Naval
1) (Escola Naval 2011) Choose the best option to rewrite the
sentence keeping the same meaning.
He had his hair cut yesterday.
a) He himself cut his hair yesterday.
b) He wanted to cut his hair yesterday.
c) His hair needed cutting.
d) He cut his hair yesterday.
e) The hairdresser cut his hair yesterday.
Texto para as questões 2 e 3
USING SENSORS TO PREDICT BREAKING GLASS
Ever been walking down the street in a major city and
suddenly get the eerie feeling that something is not quite right
above you? Some of the buildings around you will be designed
with lots of glass. Huge plates of the stuff. What might happen
if that glass shattered and started falling all over you? This
happens more often than you might think. And with large glass
façades becoming part of modern building design, it’s
becoming even more of a concern to architects, builders and
engineers.
Researches at the Fraunhofer Institute want to help by using
sensors to sound the alarm before the glass is already breaking
and falling. Four sensors are situated on the edge of the pane at
a distance of one meter from each other. One sensor produces
an ultrasound wave that is registered by the others. If the signal
remains constant, the pane is not defective. If it changes, this
indicates a fissure, which most often emanates from the edge of
the pane and is initially invisible. It is only as time goes by that
it gets larger due to various factors, like fluctuations in
temperature. The information is relayed to the building control
systems and an alarm goes off.
The modules are also equipped to with light and
temperature sensors that can instruct the building control
system to lower shades to prevent the building from getting too
hot.
(Adapted from: http://news.discovery.com)
2) (Escola Naval 2011) According to the text, in what way
has the modern building design worried architects, builders
and engineers?
a) Glass façades make buildings quite expensive.
b) Glass façades make buildings too hot.
c) Glass façades require control systems, which are not
safe enough.
d) Glass façades make people afraid of living in modern
buildings.
e) Glass façades make buildings dangerous for people on
the streets.
3) (Escola Naval 2011) Which is the best alternative
considering some of the statements are true (T) and others
are false (F)?
I- Modern building façades might be dangerous.
II- The sensors show when the glass is breaking or falling.
III- A glass fissure is not easily seen in the beginning.
IV- The sensors can help control the building temperature.
V- A change in the signal indicates that the pane is not
defective.
VI- Changes in temperature do not have any influence on
the size of glass fissures.
The best alternative is
a) I- (T) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (F) VI- (F)
153
b) I- (F) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (F) VI- (F)
c) I- (F) II- (T) III- (T) IV- (F) V- (F) VI- (T)
d) I- (T) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (T) VI- (F)
e) I- (T) II- (T) III- (F) IV- (F) V- (F) VI- (T)
Texto para as questões 4 – 6
MOVIES ON THE JOB
Yesterday I watched a movie in which Joan Allen’s
character had a job which seemed to consist entirely of
standing around while other people do the actual work of
restoring historic artwork in old buildings (the movie was
“Hachiko: A Dog’s Story”). This seemed like a nice, lucrative
job -- she certainly dressed well, and lived in an enormous,
stately home with her music-professor husband -- and one that
left her plenty of energy and free time. And it got me thinking
about the idea of work in the movies; how so often jobs (which
take up a huge amount o four waking time in real life) are
treated by movies as a dismissible fantasy thing, sometimes to
unintentionally comic effect.
Ever notice how young women in the movies, who usually
have some sort of underling office job, live in adorably
decorated apartments that an administrative assistant couldn’t
possibly afford -- and are never shown doing anything at work
other than taking personal calls and having lunch? Or the way
writers in the movies, like the hero of “Marley and Me” or
Carrie Bradshaw in “Sex and the City,” seem to effortlessly
make a fortune while doing very little actual writing? Or the
way attractive female executives (see Renee Zellweger in
“New in Town,” and quite possibly Sandra Bullock in the
upcoming “The Proposal”) prance around on their high heels
and tight skirts and do ... well, nothing? Or how pepople in the
movies routinely have the kind of careers, like Allen’s in
“Hachiko,” that seem a tad difficult to pull off in real life? I
remember a Hilary Swank movie from a couple of Years back
in which she effortlessly transitioned from real estate agente to
. . . wait for it . . . . shoe designer, and lived happily ever after.
(Adapted from http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html)
4) (Escola Naval 2011) The main aim of this text is to
a) list women jobs in the movie industry.
b) recommend movies which talk about jobs.
c) compare careers in different movies.
d) criticize the way careers are portrayed in movies.
e) describe some fantasy careers which appear in movies.
5) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternatives below is
correct?
a) The author saw "The Proposal" before writing the text.
b) Hilary Swank's character made no effort to change her
career.
c) Carrie Bradshaw's character is not a writer.
d) Jobs are treated by movies in a funny way on purpose.
e) The characters mentioned are all rich, well dressed
women who live in adorably decorated apartments.
6) (Escola Naval 2011) What was the author's motivation to
write this text?
a) She would like to work in the movie industry.
b) She watched a film and thought about the topic.
c) She's doing some research on movies on the job.
d) She writes film reviews for her blog.
e) She wants the movie industry to be more realistic.
Texto para as questões 7 – 9
BIG INCREASE IN DRUNKEN 10-YEAR-OLDS WHO
NEED NA AMBULANCE
London Ambulance Service figures today reveal that the
number of 10 – and 11 – year – olds requiring medical
treatment for alcohol abuse has more than doubled in the past
thow Years. The figures come as health groups called for
restrictions on cheap alcohol after it was revealed that
youngsters could get drunk for Half the price of a bar of
chocolate.
Campaigners called on the Government to tackle the “plague”
of illness caused by cheap alcoholic drinks after an
investigation found that Strong cider was available in city
supermakets for as little as 10 p a unit.
Former chief medical officer Sir Liam Donaldson has
recommended parentes should not let children under 15 drink
alcohol. But many young people are consuming an average of
15 units a week, the equivalent of a pint of beer every day.
A report by Alcohol Concern and the Children’s Society
reveals that parentes who drink to excesso might also be
influencing their children. At least 2.6 million children in the
UK now live with parentes drinking “hazardously”.
(Adapted from http://www.thisislondon.co.uk)
7) (Escola Naval 2011) Considering the text, what does the
word "tackle" mean in this extract?
"Campaigners called on the Government to tackle the
"plague" of illness caused by cheap alcoholic drinks."
a) to handle
b) to save
c) to restore
d) to check
e) to protect
8) (Escola Naval 2011) Considering the text, what does the
word "reveal" mean in this extract?
"London Ambulance Service figures today reveal that the
number of 10- and ll-year-olds requiring medical treatment
for alcohol abuse has more than doubled in the past two
years."
a) relay
b) suspect
c) presume
d) show
e) rely
9) (Escola Naval 2011) According to the text, the increase in
drunken 10-year-olds is mainly due to:
a) figures in health groups.
b) drunken youth restrictions.
c) alcohol abuse among parents.
d) lack of public medical treatment.
e) low prices of alcoholic drinks.
Texto para as questões 10 e 11
A Shift from Nursing Homes to Managed Care at Home
Faced with soaring health care costs
and shrinking Medicare and Medicaid financing, nursing
home operators are closing some facilities and embracing an
emerging model of care that allows many elderly patients to
remain in their homes and still receive the medicai and social
Services available in institutions.
In the newer model, a team of doctors, social workers,
physical and occupational therapists and other specialists
provide managed care for individual patients at home, at adult
day-care centers and in visits to specialists. Studies suggest that
154
it can be less expensive than traditional nursing homes while
providing better medicai outcomes.
The number of such programs has expanded rapidly,
growing from 42 programs in 22 States in 2007 to 84 in 29
States today. In New York City, a program run by a division of
Center Light Health System, formerly known as the Be th
Abraham Family of Health Services, has over 2,500
participants at 12 sites in the metropolitan area.
"It used to be that if you needed some kind of long-term
care, the only way you could get that Service was in a nursing
home, with 24-hour nursing care," said Jason A. Helgerson, the
Medicaid director for New York State. "That meant we were
institutionalizing Service for people, many of whom didn't
need 24-hour nursing care. If a person can get a Service like
home health care or Meais on Wheels, they can stay in an
apartment and thrive in that environment, and it's a lower cost
to taxpayers."
(Adapted from http: //www. nytimes.com)
10) (Escola Naval 2012) According to the text, which of the
alternatives below is correct?
a) Elderly patients prefer to receive medical care at home.
b) Medicare and Medicaid are no longer offering medical
Services.
c) A new model of health care is coming out.
d) Medicare and Medicaid are nurse home operators.
e) Elderly patients will have to stay in their homes.
11) (Escola Naval 2012) Considering the text, what do the
words "soaring" and "shrinking" mean in this extract?
"Faced with soaring health costs and shrinking Medicare
and Medicaid f inancing [...] ."
a) seeking – closing
b) increasing – improving
c) claiming – improving
d) seeking – falling
e) increasing – decreasing
Texto para a questão 12
Why Join the Navy?
In the Navy, you' 11 find there' s much more to be gained
than a regular paycheck. In fact, the Navy experience can shape
your future through outstanding financial benefits, unparalleled
career potential, and the lifestyle of freedom and personal
growth that you've been waiting for.
(I) ______________
Launch your future in any of dozens of dynamic career and
j ob areas - each with excellent opportunities to earn
promotions by advancing through the ranks.
(II) _______________
Report to work in a dif f erent time zone or a dif f erent
hemisphere. Take on lif e as a world traveler. Experience
people and places that most others simply canft . And see
firsthand the positive impact you'11 make - for yourseif, your
country and the world at large.
(III) _______________
Do it all while earning competitive pay, generous vacation
time and other special bonuses that make the difference
between getting ahead and just getting by.
(IV) ________________
The Navy has a strong interest in the long-term health of its
Sailors and their families, which means that outstanding
benefits are standard - for both you and your family, including
full coverage from some of the nation's most talented
professionals.
 (V) _________________
Think about it . As long as you have the drive to make a
difference in the world - and in your own life - there will be a
place for you in America's Navy. Enlist now!
(Adapted from http://www.navy.com/joining/why-join.html)
12) (Escola Naval 2012) The following headings have been
removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV)
and (V).
1- Secure Your Finances
2- Get Medical Care
3- Join the Navy
4- Find Your Niche
5- Go Global
Therefore, the correct order of the headings is:
a) I- (3) II - (1) III - (2) IV - (4) V - (5)
b) I- (4) II - (5) III - (1) IV - (2) V - (3)
c) I- (4) II - (1) III - (3) IV - (2) V - (5)
d) I- (3) II - (5) III - (1) IV - (2) V - (4)
e) I - (4) II - (2) III - (3) IV - (1) V - (5)
Texto para as questões 13 e 14
Navy preps submarines for 1st female officers
HARTFORD, Conn. — For Ensign Peggy LeGrand, the
biggest concern about serving on a submarine is not spending
weeks at a time in tight quarters with an entirely male crew.
What worries her is the scrutiny that comes with breaking one
of the last gender barriers in the military.
"I have a feeling more people will be focused on us. Our
mistakes and successes will be magnified more than they
deserve", said LeGrand, a 25-year-old Naval Academy
graduate from Amarillo, Texas.
LeGrand is among a small group of female officers who are
training at sites including Groton, Connecticut, to join the elite
submarine force beginning later this year. While the Navy says
it is not treating them any differently from their male
counterparts, officials have been working to prepare the
submarine crews — and the sailors1 wives — for one of the
most dramatic changes in the 111-year history of the Navy’s
"silent Service."
The change is a source of anxiety for others, including the
wives of submariners, who worry the close contact at sea could
lead to sailors' cheating. The issue really has to do with the
creation of a relationship that becomes very close and then
results in further relations ashore. That is, of course, what
bothers the wives. "They know the kind of relationships that
happens between the shipmates", said retired Navy Rear Adm.
W . J. Holland Jr., a former submarine commander.
The initial class of 24 women will be divided among four
submarines, where they will be outnumbered by men by a ratio
of roughly 1 to 25. The enlisted ranks, which make up about 90
percent of a sub's 160-sailor crew, are not open to women
although the Navy is exploring modifications to create separate
bunks for men and women.
The female officers, many of them engineering graduates
from Annapolis, are accustomed to being in the minority, and
so far they say they hardly feel like outsiders. The nuclear
power school that is part of their training, for example, has
been open to women for years because the Navy in 1994
reversed a ban on females serving on its surface ships,
including nuclear-powered vesseis.
(Adapted from http://www.militarytimes.com)
155
13) (Escola Naval 2012) Which is the best alternative
considering some of the statements are TRUE (T) and
others are FALSE (F)?
I- The female officers who will join the elite submarine
force are all engineering graduates from Annapolis.
II- Peggy LeGrand is worried about being confined in tight
quarters with an entirely male crew.
III- America's submarine force is over a hundred years old.
IV- Female officers have been serving at sea for less than
two decades.
V- Allowing female officers in the elite submarine force is
the last gender barriers in the military.
The best alternative is
a) I- (T) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (F)
b) I- (F) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (F)
c) I- (F) II- (T) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (T)
d) I- (T) II - (F) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (T)
e) I- (F) II- (F) III- (F) IV- (F) V- (F)
14) (Escola Naval 2012) Considering the text, what does the
word "magnified" mean in this extract?
"I have a feeling more people will be focused on us. Our
mistakes and successes will be magnified more than they
deserve."
a) penalized
b) treated
c) amplified
d) certified
e) justified
Texto para as questões 15 e 16
Genetically Modified Foods, Pros and Cons.
Genetically modified foods (GMs)are becoming
increasingly coirtmon in many countries. However, before one
opts for any of these foods, it is very important to know
about their pros and cons.
There are a variety of reasons for developing GMs. For
instance, some foods are genetically modified to prevent the
occurrence of allergies after consumption, while some are
developed to improve their shelf life.
Though the seeds of GMs are quite expensive, their cost of
production is said to be lesser than that of the traditional crops
for these foods do have natural resistance towards damaging
pests and insects. This reduces the necessity of exposing crops
to hazardous Chemicals. It is also said that GMs grow faster.
Due to this, productivity increases, providing the population
with more food. At times, GMs crops can be grown at places
with unfavorable climatic conditions whereas a normal crop
can grow only in specific season or under some favorable
climatic conditions.
The biggest threat caused by GMs is that they can have
harmful effects on the human body. It is believed that they can
cause diseases which are immune to antibiotics. Moreover,
according to some experts, people who consume such foods
have high chances of developing câncer. Besides, not much is
known about their long-term effects on human beings.
In many countries, manufacturers do not mention on the labei
that foods are genetically modified because they think that this
would affect their business. However, this is not a good
practice as consumers do not get the chance to decide whether
they should really opt for these foods, Experts are of the
opinion that with the increase of genetically modified foods,
developing countries would start depending more on industrial
countries because it is likely that the food production would be
controlled by them in the time to come.
(Adapted from http://www.buzzle.com)
15) (Escola Naval 2012) Which is the best alternative
considering some of the statements are TRUE (T) and
others are FALSE (F)?
I- All types of GMs last longer than their traditional
counterparts.
II- The cost of production of GMs is higher due to the cost
of the seeds.
III- Some companies omit Information about their products
to save money.
IV- GMs crops require less Chemicals than traditional ones.
V- GMs consumption can make some organisms resistant
to antibiotics.
The best alternative is
a) I - (T) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (F)
b) I- (F) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (F) V- (T)
c) I- (F) II- (T) III- (F) IV- (T) V - (F)
d) I - (T) II- (F) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (T)
e) I- (F) II- (F) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (T)
16) (Escola Naval 2012) Which of the alternatives below
States an aspect of GMs that is NOT mentioned in the text?
a) GMs may prevent the occurrence of allergies.
b) GMs seeds are more resistant to pesticides and insects.
c) GMs can have harmful effects on the human body.
d) GMs crops are likely to grow despite climatic
conditions.
e) GMs contain genes added or transferred into plant
seeds.
17) (Escola Naval 2012) Choose the best option to rewrite the
sentence keeping the same meaning.
She got her brother to do her homework.
a) She herself did her homework.
b) The homework was too difficult for her brother.
c) She persuaded her brother to do the homework for her.
d) Sister and brother did the homework together.
e) Her brother offered to do the homework for her.
Texto para as questões 18 – 20
Exercising Body and Mind at the Same Time?
New Device Lets You Read While You Run
Engineers from Purdue University have devised a new
System that will facilitate a very specific type of physical and
mental multitasking - helping treadmill runners to read text on
a display screen.
The System, called ReadingMate, compensates for
constantly bobbing eyes so runners can train for a marathon
while reading their favorite novel.
"Not many people can run and read at the same time," said
Ji Soo Yi, an assistant professor of industrial engineering at
Purdue University. "This is because the relative location of the
eyes to the text is vigorously changing, and our eyes try to
constantly adjust to such changes, which is burdensome."
Instead of increasing the size of the displayed font, Yi and
his colleagues decided to compensate for a runner's head
motion.
"You could increase the font size and have a large-screen
monitor on the wall, but that's impractical because you cannot
have numerous big screen displays in an exercise room," Yi
said.
According to a report on the system published recently in
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and
156
Ergonomics Society, the engineers recruited 15 multitasking
volunteers to perform a "letter-counting" test while jogging on
a treadmill and using ReadingMate. The participants were
asked to tally how many times the letter 'F' appeared in two
lines of text nested in 10 lines of text that were displayed on a
computer monitor.
While performing the test, the participants wore goggles
equipped with infrared LEDs. An infrared camera tracked the
motion of the LEDs, essentially recording the movement of the
runner's head. To compensate for the head motion, the
displayed text was moved as the volunteers ran along the
treadmill with their heads bobbing.
The researchers found those who used the ReadingMate
system performed better at multi-tasking their physical and
mental assignments, particularly when it carne to reading
smaller font sizes and smaller line-spaced text.
Besides aiding people with the novel task of reading while
running, the researchers said their system could be used to
assist airline pilots or those working in heavy industry.
"Both may experience heavy shaking and turbulence while
reading information from a display," Kwon said. "ReadingMate
could stabilize the content in such cases."
(Adapted from http://www.redorbit.com/news)
18) (Escola Naval 2013) According to the text, which
alternative is correct?
a) ReadingMate allows street runners to read their favorite
novels.
b) Runners compensate for training reading novels.
c) Increasing the size of the displayed font was the
solution to adjust the runner's eyes to the text.
d) It's not possible to install monitors in an exercise room.
e) It's stressing for the eyes to adapt themselves to constant
movement when reading.
19) (Escola Naval 2013) Considering the text, what does the
word "tally” mean in this extract?
"The participants were asked to tally how many times the
letter 'F ' appeared in two lines of text [...]"
a) Calculate.
b) Prove.
c) Describe.
d) Study.
e) Show.
20) (Escola Naval 2013) In the last paragraph "both" refers to:
a) reading and running.
b) heavy shaking and turbulence
c) airline pilots and those in heavy industry.
d) reading smaller font sizes and smaller line-spaced text.
e) physical and mental assignments.
Texto para as questões 21 e 22
Facebook deserted by millions of users in biggest markets
Facebook has lost millions of users per month in its biggest
markets. In the last six months, Facebook has lost nearly 9m
monthly visitors in the US and 2m in the UK. Studies suggest
that its expansion in the US, UK and other major European
countries has peaked. In the last month, the world's largest
social network has lost 6m US visitors, a 4% fall, according to
analysis firm Socialbakers. In the UK, 1.4m fewer users visited
in March, a fali of 4.5%. Users are also turning off in Canada,
Spain, France, Germany and Japan, where Facebook is
extremely popular.
Alternative social networks have seen surges in popularity
with younger people. Instagram, the photo-sharing site, got
30m new users in the 18 months before Facebook bought the
business. Path, the mobile phone-based social network founded
by former Facebook employee Dave Morin, which only
allows its users to have 150 friends, is gaining 1m users a
week.
Facebook is still growing fast in South America. Monthly
visitors in Brazil were up to 6% in the last month to 70m,
according to Socialbakers, whose Information is used by
Facebook advertisers. India has seen a 4% rise to 64m - still
only a fraction of the country's population, so there is room for
more growth.
As Facebook itself has warned, the time spent on its pages
from those sitting in front of personal computers is decreasing
fast because people now prefer to use their smartphones and
tablets. Although smartphone minutes have doubled in a year,
to 69 a month, that growth may not compensate
for dwindling desktop usage.
Facebook will tell investors about its performance for the
quarter. Wall Street expects revenues of about $1.44bn, an
increase from $1.06bn a year ago. Shareholders will want to
know how fast the number of mobile Facebook users is
growing, and whether advertising revenues are increasing at the
same rate. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has created a
series of new initiatives designed to appeal to smartphone
users. One initiative, Facebook Home, is software that can be
downloaded onto Android phones to feed news and photos
from friends - and advertising - directly to the owner's locked
home screen.
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.com.uk)
21) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the best alternative
considering some of the statements are TRUE (T) and
others are FALSE (F)?
I - Facebook is gaining users in the US and the UK.
II - Facebook is the owner of Instagram and Path.
III - People are spending more time on their PCs.
IV - Facebook has recently introduced new software.
V - Facebook has probably made more money this year
than in 2012.
The best alternative is
a) I - (T) II - (F) III - (T) IV - (T) V - (F)
b) I - (F) II - (F) III - (T) IV - (T) V - (F)
c) I - (F) II - (T) III - (F) IV - (T) V - (F)
d) I - (T) II - (F) III - (F) IV - (T) V - (T)
e) I - (F) II - (F) III - (F) IV - (T) V - (T)
22) (Escola Naval 2013) Considering the text, the words
“surge” (line 10) and “dwindling” (line 29) mean
respectively a sudden (1) _________ and (2) _________.
a) increase – shrinking
b) increase – progressing
c) decrease – increasing
d) decrease – passing
e) abatement – surviving
Texto para as questões 23 e 24
Slash and burn
Brazil’s rainforest is going up in smoke. Again.
As Brazil'S skyscrapers and silos rose, it seemed the most
impressive quality of this 21st-century Latin American
powerhouse was its ability to grow without trashing the
environment. Just last year, Brasilia was boasting about a steep
decline in deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, a feat that
President Dilma Rousseff trumpeted as "impressive, the fruit of
social change." What would she say now?
157
After nearly a decade of steady decline, forest cutting has
spiked again in the world's largest rainforest. The nonprofit
Amazon watchdog organization, Imazon, released a study
reporting that deforestation at the hands of farmers and
ranchers jumped 90 percent in the 12 months since April of last
year. And since burning always follows felling, another 88
million tons of carbon dioxide and other gases hit the
atmosphere—a 62 percent increase on the year.
For decades, Brazilians were told that ruin in the Amazon
was the price of development. But recent research has
imploded that assumption. A paper published by the National
Academy of Sciences shows that continued deforestation
threatens not just the trees but the progress and riches their
removal were thought to guarantee. The paper bolsters an old
theory by Brazilian climate scientist Eneas Salati, who argued
that the Amazon actually produces half its own rainfall. The
takeaway: remove too much of the forests and the Amazon
could dry out. And more than the jungle is at stake. Reduced
rainfall from forest cutting could dry up the water that powers
hydroelectric dams, thus slashing Brazilian power-generating
capacity by 40 percent by midcentury. It could also rob the
food larder, cutting soybean productivity by 28 percent and
beef production by 34 percent.
Brasilia quickly countered the environmental skeptics by
saying that these are unofficial figures, noting that the National
Space Institute is still crunching the satellite data. The
government is still basking in last year's numbers: only 4,600
square kilometers of forests felled, a fraction of the 27,700
square kilometers lost in 2004. But the Rousseff administration
would do well to heed the smoke signals. Even Brasilia admits
that Brazil's continued rise to glory turns on the country's
ability to stay green.
23) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the best alternative
considering some of the statements are TRUE (T) and
others are FALSE (F)?
I - In 2012 fewer trees were cut down than in previous
years.
II - Until recently the destruction of the Amazon forest was
seen as a necessary evil.
III - The President agrees with the numbers presented by
scientist.
IV - The Amazon forest might die because of lack of rain.
V - Farming and livestock sectors might produce more food
as a result of deforestation.
The best alternative is
a) I- (T) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (T) V- (F)
b) I- (F) II- (F) III- (T) IV- (F) V- (T)
c) I- (T) II- (T) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (F)
d) I- (T) II- (F) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (T)
e) I- (F) II- (F) III- (F) IV- (T) V- (T)
24) (Escola Naval 2013) Considering the text, what does the
word "crunching" mean in this extract?
[...] the National Space Institute is still crunching the
satellite data."
a) Collecting.
b) Confirming.
c) Selecting.
d) Revising.
e) Processing.
25) (Escola Naval 2013) Which of the alternative completes
the paragraph correctly?
“Alex is very (1) _______ and his girlfriend, Janice, is
very (2) ________. She has (3) ________ hair and beautiful
eyes.”
a) pretty – handsome – dark straight brown
b) handsome – pretty – straight dark brown
c) handsome – pretty – straight brown dark
d) pretty – handsome – brown dark straight
e) handsome – pretty – brown straight dark
Texto para as questões 26 e 27
The War at Home: The Struggle for Veterans to Find Jobs
In today's tough and competitive job market, it can be
challenging for any adult to land a decent job. Though
education can definitely improve outcomes, sometimes it's not
just abont the degree. Experience can also play a major role in
helping people find jobs. Yet in some cases, if you do not have
the right kind of experience, this may be of little help. Just ask
one of the many college-educated military veterans who serve
their country only to return to find a job market that will treat
them as rookies.
Army veteran John Lee Dumas said he had zero anxieties
about finding a job after graduating college and had been told
that his military experience would give him a leg up on other
candidates. But things did not turn out that way.
"I quickly found out that I was lumped together with recent
college grads for entry-level positions, and that an employee
that had two years' experience at a job in a similar industry was
considered way more qualified than I was despite my four
years as an officer in the army", Dumas said.
When Dumas did find work, he said it was difficult to
acclimate to the civilian Office environment.
"I often found that my peers and above had a hard time
dealing with my direct approach and attitude about tackling
problems head on, often asking for forgiveness rather than
permission", he said.
One issue is that veterans are too modest when it comes to
stating their accomplishments in the military.
"For some reason, I've had veterans not tell me about their
awards and honors, but it should all be listed - from
commander' s coins to medals of honor," Hurwitz said.
Navy veteran Tom Graves, who has a career in world force
development helping companies understand the benefits of
hiring skilled and experienced military veterans, agreed.
(Adapted from http://www.onlinecollege.org)
26) (Escola Naval 2014) According to the text, which
alternative is correct?
a) The largest obstacle for veterans to find a job is their
previous experience as military officers.
b) Important accomplishments as a military officer do not
count when applying for a job as a civilian.
c) It was difficult for John Lee Dumas to deal with
civilians because they never asked for permission.
d) Things did not turn out as John Lee Dumas expected
because he had a leg up on other candidates.
e) Veterans should value their experiences as officers
when applying for a job in the civilian market.
158
27) (Escola Naval 2014) Considering the text, what does the
word "skilled" mean in this extract?
" [...] the benefits of hiring skilled and experienced
military veterans [...]."
a) Strong.
b) Loyal.
c) Expert.
d) Resolute.
e) Confident.
Texto para as questões 28 e 29
How to Exercise While Sitting At Your Computer
Is your work stressing you out? Is your work making you
fat? Of course, it is. If you are in a relationship with your work
like me (I hate the word "workaholic") , then maybe you are
also dealing with some relationship issues like stress and
weight gain. Every person who has a desk job does not need to
indulge in a tub of ice-cream after a particularly stressful day at
work to gain the pounds. In fact, the downside of being a way
too dedicated employee is that it will make you fat! The stress
to perform plus the inactivity of a desk job will definitely
increase your waist size. What's more, you will become
lethargic once four hours of inactivity can seriously send your
metabolism leveis to an all-time low. If you think that a 30
minute walk every day is enough cardio activity in a week to
maintain your metabolism, you are wrong! Yes, I was surprised
too! The mathematics of this is that when you perform any
cardio activity, it elevates your metabolism rate for a span of
time, but not the entire day. Because the rest of the day you are
sitting idle on your chair without much activity, the 30 minute
walk is not enough, nor is the 1-hour intense workout. What
you need to do to keep yourself from pilling on the pounds is to
keep your metabolism rate high all day long. For that, you need
to break the no physical activity routine from 9 to 5 by
exercising while sitting at your desk!
Here are simple exercises that take 5 minutes of your day
and prevent you from feeling stiff.
A) Neck: To stretch your neck, slowly flex your head
forward and backward, side to side and look right and left. This
can be done almost any time to lessen tension and strain. Never
roll your head around your neck— this could cause damage to
the joints of the neck.
B) Shoulders: Roll your shoulders forward around 10 times,
then backward. This helps release the tension off your
shoulders.
C) Wrists: Roll your wrists regularly, around every hour or
so. Roll the wrists 10 times clockwise, then 10 times
counterclockwise. This will help minimize the potential for
getting carpal tunnel syndrome if you spend a lot of time
typing.
D) Ankles: Roll your ankles regularly. As with your wrists,
roll the ankles in a clockwise motion three times, then
counterclockwise. This helps improve blood circulation, and
prevents that tingling feeling you can get when blood
circulation is cut off, also known as "pins and needles".
(Adapted from http://www.buzzle.com and
http://www.wikihow.com)
28) (Escola Naval 2014) According to the text, which
alternative is correct?
a) Stress and weight gain cause relationship issues.
b) A regular high rate of metabolism prevents weight gain.
c) Exercising from 9 to 5 prevents putting on weight.
d) Inactivity elevates metabolism all the time.
 e) Lethargy is a result of waist size increase.
29) (Escola Naval 2014) According to the text, which
alternative is correct?
a) To relax your shoulders, roll them. Repeat the
movement no more than 10 times.
b) Ankles and wrists should be exercised regularly, but
more repetitions are recommended to relax the ankles.
c) To minimize carpal tunnel syndrome you should spend
a lot of time typing.
d) "Pins and needles" sensation results from poor blood
circulation.
e) Rolling your head is certain to result in problems in the
neck region.
Texto para as questões 30 e 31
American Students Test Well in Problem Solving, but Trail
Foreign Counterparts
Fifteen-year-olds in the United States scored above the
average of those in the developed world on exams assessing
problem-solving skills, but they trailed several countries in
Asia and Europe as well as Canada, according to International
standardized tests results released on Tuesday.
The American students who took the problem-solving tests
in 2012, the first time they were administered, did better on
these exams than on reading, math and Science tests,
suggesting that students in the United States are better able to
apply knowledge to real-life situations than perform
straightforward academic tasks.
Still, students who took the problem-solving tests in
countries including Singapore, South Korea, Japan, several
provinces of China, Canada, Australia, Finland and Britain
all outperformed American students.
"The good news is that problem solving still remains a
relatively strong suit for American students," said Bob Wise,
former governor of West Virginia and president of the Alliance
for Excellent Education, a national policy and advocacy group
focused on improving high schools. "The challenge is that a lot
of other nations are now developing this and even moving
ahead. So where we used to, in an earlier era, dominate in what
we called the deeper learning skills — Creative thinking,
criticai thinking and the ability to solve problems — in terms
of producing the workers that are increasingly needed in this
area, other nations are coming on strong and in some cases
surpassing us ."
The new problem-solving exams were administered to a
subset of 15-year-olds in 28 countries who sat for the Program
for International Student Assessment, a set of tests every three
years commonly known as PISA and given by the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development, a Paris-based
group whose members include the world's wealthiest nations.
Almost 1,275 American students took the exams.
Critics of the rankings on International tests have tended to
characterize the high performance of Asian countries in
particular as demonstrating the rote learning of facts and
formulas. But the problem-solving results showed that students
in the highest-performing nations were also able to think
flexibly. Even on Interactive tasks, the American students'
strength, all the Asian countries that participated in this round
of exams outperformed the United States.
"To understand how to navigate a complex problem and
exercise abstract reasoning is actually a very strong point for
the Asian countries," said Francesco Avvisati, an analyst on the
PISA team at the O.E.C.D.
159
(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com)
30) (Escola Naval 2014) Considering the text, the words
"trailed" (lst paragraph) and "outperformed" (3rd and
6th paragraphs) mean respectively "followed _______ " and
"did _________ ".
a) ahead / better
b) ahead / less
c) behind / better
d) behind / the same
e) side by side / the same
31) (Escola Naval 2014) Say if the statements are T (true) or F
(false) and choose the best alternative.
( ) American students outscored students of developed
countries in all kinds of tests.
( ) Results suggest American students are good at
problem-solving tests.
( ) American students have outstanding results in
problem-solving tasks and in academic subjects like
reading, math and science.
( ) American educational authorities are concerned about
the performance of students from other countries.
( ) Asian students only perform better when it comes to
memorizing facts and formulas.
a) (T) (F) (T) (T) (F)
b) (F) (F) (T) (T) (F)
c) (F) (T) (F) (F) (T)
d) (F) (T) (F) (T) (F)
e) (T) (F) (F) (T) (T)
Texto para a questão 32
How New Words Are Created
Below we can find the description of five different
processes that have led to the creation of new words in the
English language.
(I) ________
Many of the new words added to the ever-growing lexicon
of the English language are just created out of the blue, and
often have líttle or no etymological pedigree. A good example
is the word dog, etymologically unrelated to any other known
word, which, in the late Middle Ages, suddenly and
mysteriously displaced the Old English word hound (or hund)
which had served for centuries.
(II) ___________
Some words arise simply as shortened forms of longer
words (exam, gym, lab, bus, vet, phone and burger are some
obvious and wellused examples). Perhaps less obvious is the
derivation of words like goodbye (a shortening of God-be-
with-you) and hello (a shortened form of the Old English for
"whole be thou").
(III) ______________
Like many languages, English allows the formation of
words by joining together shorter words (e.g. airport, seashore,
fireplace, etc.). The concatenation of words in English may
even allow for different meanings depending on the order of
combination (e.g. houseboat/boathouse, casebook/bookcase,
etc) .
(IV) _______
The drift of word meanings over time often arises, often but
not always due to catachresis. By some estimates, over half of
all words adopted into English from Latin have changed their
meaning in some way over time, often drastically. For
example, smart originally meant sharp, cutting or painful; A
more modern example is the changing meaning of gay from
merry to homosexual (and, in some circles in more recent
years, to stupid or bad).
(V) ______
New words may arise due to mishearings or misrenderings.
According to the "Oxford English Dictionary", there are at
least 350 words in English dictionaries (most of them
thankfully quite obscure) that owe their existence purely to
typos or other misrenderings (e.g. shamefaced from the original
shamefast, penthouse from pentice, sweetheart from sweetard,
buttonhole from button-hold, etc).
(Adapted from
http://wviw.thehistoryofenglish.com/issues_new.html)
32) (Escola Naval 2014) The following headings have been
removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV)
and (V). Choose the alternative which presents them in the
correct order.
1- Change in the Meaning of Existing Words
2- Creation from Scratch
3- Fusion or Compounding Existing Words
4- Truncation or Clipping
5- Errors
a) (2) (4) (3) (1 (5)
b) (3) (4) (2) (5) (1)
c) (4) (2) (3) (1) (5)
d) (4) (2) (1) (3) (5)
e) (2) (5) (3) (1) (4)
33) (Escola Naval 2015) Read this sign and answer the
question.
(Taken from http://blog.stocksigns.co.uk)
By reading the sign, we CANNOT infer that.
a) the place where the sign is offers risks.
b) it is permitted to work before you enter.
c) you need permission to enter the place.
d) only authorized people can work there.
e) it is a limited or restricted place.
Texto para a questão 34
Life in the Navy – Frequently Asked Questions
Many of your questions about the Navy have been
asked and answered before. See if you can find your question
in the list below. Or, to get the most complete picture of
the Navy, locate your nearest recruiter and set up a meeting.
How much time will I spend at sea?
It depends. Normally ships will go to sea for 10 days to 2
weeks each month for training operations. Extended operations
away from home port can last up to 6 months, and ships deploy
every 18-24 months. This varies depending on the mission and
type of ship. Ships on 6-month deployments spend time
visiting ports throughout the world. If you are on a shore duty
160
tour, you will likely spend no time at sea during the course of
the duty assignment {usually 2 to 3 years).
What things are there for me to do on a ship?
There are plenty of activities available to sailors in their
off-duty time. Depending on the size of the ship, you'll have
areas for exercise, watching movies, playing cards, emailing
friends, and purchasing snacks and other items. Many ships
also provide college classes.
How long is the normal workday?
The tempo of operations will dictate actual length. While in
home port or on shore duty, it is very similar to that of civilian
jobs. While out to sea, it is often longer because of the
workload needed to keep the ship, aircraft and other machinery
working properly and efficiently.
What is the career plan like?
Onder normal circumstances, you will be eligible for
a promotion from E-l to E-2 in 9 months, from E-2 to E-3 in
9 months, and from E-3 to E-4 in 6 months. Advancements on
the basis of merit can occur in basic training to E-2
without waiting the 9 months. By referring friends who join
the Navy, you can be promoted even faster!
How often will I have to live in another place?
Once you have completed basic training and any
followup schooling, you will probably move just once to your
first permanent duty station. Naturally, if you stay in the
Navy past your first enlistment (or if you request a
specific deployment) you may have to move again.
(Adapted from https://www.navy.eom/faq.html#section-4)
34) (Escola Naval 2015) The words and expressions that can
replace "picture", "locate" and "set up" in the extract "
[...] to get the most complete picture of the
Navy, locate your nearest recruiter and set up a meeting."
while keeping the same meaning are.
a) photo / assign a location to / arrange.
b) image / discover the place of / combine.
c) photo / ascribe a location to / combine.
d) notion / assign a location to / combine.
e) Idea / discover the place of / arrange.
Texto para a questão 35
Top Tips for Safe Travel
The world isn’t dangerous or unsafe. Quite the opposite.
There are some desperate places and people, even in your home
town, but these are a minority. In fact, you're more likely to get
into trouble at home than travelling if you follow these
common sense tips on your trips:
1) Scan ali your major documents. Scan your
travel documents and email them to yourself - that way
your documents won't go missing even if your bags do.
2) Get travel Insurance. This is mainly for health costs if
you get ill or injured while abroad. Hospital costs can quickly
get into the tens of thousands of dollars, even for a minor
injury.
3) Get vaccinated. Visit your doctor before you leave to get
ali the relevant vaccinations/immunizations for the destinations
you're visiting, and to learn what health precautions you should
follow.
(Adapted from http://www.lonelyplanet.com)
35) (Escola Naval 2015) According to the text, which
statement is correct?
a) The majority of places that tourists visit are likely to be
safe.
b) When you are travelling, you may get into trouble
more easily than when you are in your home town.
c) Unless you have common sense, you will be safe
when travelling.
d) Health care in a foreign country isn't so expensive
as some people might imagine.
e) Before travelling, you must see the doctor and ask for
a check-up.
Texto para as questões 36 e 37
How to Become a USINA Midshipman
Posted by: Jacqui Murray j December 8, 2010
There are lots of how-to books on getting in the
Naval Academy, but they1re quite dry and impersonal. Mine -
Buildinq a Midshipman - is from the perspective of a
woman who did it (my daughter!) and how she accomplished
such a lofty goal. It's down-to-earth and should give confidence
to any teen, male or female, considering a military academy
as their college of choice.
I wrote this because there was a need for a book like this.
When my daughter wanted a step-by-step on how to get into
the Naval Academy, ali she could find were books that told her
how hard it was, how selective they were, how very few could
achieve it. My daughter brushed the negativity off, but I
wondered how many kids were discouraged by that approach.
I decided to write a book (a) explaining how to achieve the
goal, not why kids couldnTt; (b) showing how teens can solve
the problems that stand in their way rather than why they can't,
and (c) sharing the many but predictable steps that will take a
motivated, committed applicant where they want to go rather
than why they can't get there.
That approach worked for my daughter and I had no
doubt it would work for others. From what I hear from
readers, it1s true. I hope you find it useful.
(MURRAY, Jacqui. Building a USNA Midshipman. How to
crack the United States Naval Academy Application, 2nd
edition, 2008. Adapted from https://
usnaorbust.wordpress.com)
36) (Escola Naval 2015) According to the text, which
statement is correct?
a) Many books fail to tell the applicants how selective
the Naval Academy examination board is.
b) The previous books on how to get in the Naval
Academy are discouraging and do not show any
emotion.
c) Teenagers are always confident when they choose
a military academy as their college.
d) The author of the book "Building a USNA
Midshipman" succeeded in getting in the Naval
Academy.
e) Jacqui Murray decided to write her book because
the other books take the perspective of men.
37) (Escola Naval 2015) Considering the text, the words
"lofty" in how she accomplished such a lofty goal.” and
"brushed off" in "[...] she brushed the negativity off [...] ."
mean respectively.
a) unattempted / cleaned.
b) easy / defeated.
c) intelligent / surrendered.
161
d) noble / rejected.
e) practical / suffered.
Texto para as questões 38 e 39
The Future of Libraries Has Little to Do with Books
On a Monday morning between Christmas and New
Year's Eve in Paris, the line for modern art museum Centre
Georges Pompidou winds around the block. But the patrons
waiting in the cold aren't there to catch a glimpse of a
Magritte —they're young locais queueing for access through
the museum’s back door to another attraction: the
public library.
In a digital age that has left book publishers
reeling, libraries in the world's major cities seem poised for
a comeback, though it1s one that has very little to do
with books. The Independent Library Report — published
in December by the U.K.'s Department for Culture, Media,
and Sport — found that libraries across the nation
are reinventing themseives by increasingly becoming "vibrant
and attractive community hubs", focusing on the "need to
create digital literacy, and in an ideal world, digital fluency.”
Taking into account the proliferation of freelancing, the gig
economy, and remote working (also known as 'technomadism'),
the rise of library as community hub begins to make sense.
Cities are increasingly attracting location independent workers,
and those workers need space and amenities that expensive and
unreliable coffee shops simply cannot provide enough of.
Furthermore, when one considers that the most vulnerable
and underserved city dwellers are also those who generally do
not have access to the Internet, the need for a free and publicly
connected space becomes even clearer.
According to a 2013 Pew poli, 90 percent in the U.S. said
their community would be negatively impacted if their local
library closed. But if libraries are going to survive the digital
age, they need to be more about helping patrons filter vast
quantities of digital Information rather than access to analog
materiais. Good news carne for U.S. libraries in November,
when Federal Communications Commission Chairman Tom
Wheeler announced a 62 percent increase in spending on high-
speed Internet for schools and public libraries.
When it comes to this need for connectivity,
Britainfs library report stated a "Wi-Fi connection should
be delivered in a comfortable, retail standard environment
with the usual amenities of coffee, sofas and etc." The
report suggested that libraries focus less on loaning
physical books and more on widening access via loaning of e-
books, which the report noted was up by 80 percent in Britain
from 2013.
Also in 2013, the first bookless public library in the United
States opened in San Antonio, Texas. The cityTs BiblioTech
offers an all-digital, cloud-based collection of more than
10,000 e-books, plus e-readers available for checkout. Located
in San Antonio’s underserved South Side, the BiblioTech
provides an important digital hub in a city with a population
that still struggles to connect to wireless Internet, Last month
saw the opening of Canada's Halifax Central Library, designed
by a world-leading Danish design firm. With its auditorium,
meeting space for entrepreneurs, multiple cafes, adult literacy
classes and gaming facilities, actual books seemed like
an afterthought.
(Abridged from http://magazine.good.is/articles/public-
libraries-reimagined).
38) (Escola Naval 2015) Mark the only option that is FALSE
according to the text.
a) Libraries are making efforts to reinvent themselves
in order to remain relevant for the population.
b) According to a poll, a small percentage of
Americans said their community would be negatively
impacted if their local library closed.
c) Nowadays some libraries have become places that
provide favorable conditions for some independent
professionals to work.
d) In some communities, libraries serve as places
where city dwellers can have free access to the Internet.
e) There has been a sharp increase in the loaning of e-
books in Britain.
39) (Escola Naval 2015) The word "unreliable" in " [...] those
workers need space and amenities that expensive
and unreliable coffee shops simply cannot provide enough
of." is the opposite of.
a) dependable.
b) independent.
c) dependent.
d) insufficient.
e) expensive.
Texto para as questões 40 – 42
Navy looking for drone operator flying device around
Washington state base
Published February 27, 2016 Foxnews.com
(I) _________
A civilian employee of Naval Submarine Base Kitsap-
Bangor reported seeing the drone, spokeswoman Silvia
Klatman told Military.com.
According to the Navy, it is illegal to operate a drone above
the base without the permission of the Navy. "It's our intent to
support the investigation and prosecution of this reported act,
and any others that may occur, in coordination with civilian
law enforcement," Klatman said.
Military.com reported that agents interviewed families who
lived in houses surrounding the base. (II) _______ Officials
said the drones were seen operating at night. "It could be a
hoax, but worst-case scenario, it could be clandestine, a foreign
government, a cell," Al Starcevich, whose family's house is
located between the base and Hood Canal in Washington, told
the website. "The creepy thing is they' re only doing it at night.
(Ill) ______ "
Starcevich told The Seattle Times that agents told him there
had been repeated incidents around the base involving an
alleged drone.
Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor's airspace was designated as
"prohibited" by the FAA in May 2005, at the request of the
Navy. (IV) ______ The prohibited area extends to the water
across Hood Canal and the Navy-owned portion of Toandos
Peninsula.
Doug O'Donnell, chief pilot at Avian Flight Center at
Bremerton National Airport, said security forces are supposed
to shoot down aircraft that violate the FAA riiles.
The Bangor base houses eight of the Navy's 14 ballistic-
missile submarines, according to Military,com. Each can carry
up to 24 missiles with multiple nuclear warheads.
The Defense Department has held countless classified
exercises to counter possible drone attacks, The Seattle Times
reported. Last year, one exercise included a Marine sniper
shooting one down from a military helicopter,
162
(http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/02/27/navy-looking-for-
drone-operator-flying-device-around-washington-state-
base.html)
40) (Escola Naval 2016) By reading the text, we CANNOT
state that
a) the Navy plans to work with non-military agencies on
the case.
b) there has been more than one report on drones in that
region.
c) there has been a huge number of exercises to fight
drones.
d) the Navy controls part of Toandos Peninsula.
e) the Defense Department has shot down a spy drone.
41) (Escola Naval 2016) The sentences below have been
removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III) and
(IV). Number them to indicate the order they must appear
to complete the text correctly. Then choose the option that
contains that sequence.
( ) They said they haven't seen anything unusual.
( ) No aircraft of any kind is allowed to fly over the area
up 2,500 feet.
( ) The U.S. Navy is searching for the operator of a drone
that has been seen flying near a Washington state naval
base at night since Feb. 8.
( ) What are you going to see at night unless you have an
infrared camera?
a) (II) (IV) (I) (III)
b) (II) (I) (III) (IV)
c) (IV) (II) (I) (III)
d) (IV) (II) (III) (I)
e) (II) (III) (I) (IV)
42) (Escola Naval 2016) According to the text, it is right to say
that
a) there are 14 submarines on Bangor base at house eight.
b) the total number of missiles on Bangor base is 24.
c) there are six submarines that are not kept on Bangor
base.
d) half of all Navy's submarines are kept on Bangor Base.
e) there are eight houses for the Bangor base submarines.
Texto para a questão 43
The Armel-Leftwich Visitor Center
Welcome to the Armel-Leftwich Visitor Center of the
United States Naval Academy. Visit the United States Naval
Academy in Annapolis, MD to see where future officers are
educated and trained.
The Visitor Center is conveniently located inside USNA
Gate 1 at the Annapolis harbor. Pedestrian entrances are on
Prince George and Randall Streets. The Visitor Center provides
guided historical tours for visitors, as well as groups.
Anyone 18 or older must show a government-issued photo
ID or original passport to enter USNA grounds. Visitors from
the states of Minnesota, Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico and
Washington are required to present a SECOND PHOTO ID.
The Visitor Center is the first stop on a visit to the
undergraduate college of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine
Corps. Information specialists welcome visitors to view the 13-
minute film, "The Call to Serve", and to take a guided walking
tour with a professional, certified guide.
Admissions Information
United States Naval Academy Admissions briefings, lasting
approximately one hour, are held at 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.,
Monday through Saturday, on the second deck of the Visitor
Center.
U.S. Naval Academy Museum
The museum's artifacts are displayed in galleries located on
two floors in Preble Hall. The first floor is devoted to the
exhibit entitled "Leadership and Service: The History of the
United States Navy and the Naval Academy". The famous
Rogers Collection of antique ship models is the focus of the
second floor exhibit.
(Adapted from http://www.usnabsd.com/for-visitors)
43) (Escola Naval 2016) According to the text, which
statement is correct?
a) There is a single pedestrian entrance, which is located
on Prince George Street.
b) People under eighteen are required to show a photo ID
or original passport to visit USNA.
c) "The Call to Serve", a film that lasts less than thirty
minutes, is shown to visitors.
d) United States Naval Academy Admissions briefings
take place from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p .m., six days a
week.
e) The museum presents an exhibit called "Leadership and
Service" on the second floor.
Texto para as questões 44 e 45
Additional Factors That Affect Sleep Comfort
By Richard A. Staehler, MD
The type of mattress one uses is not the only factor for
patients with pain and sleep difficulty. Many other factors need
to be considered that may affect sleep, including;
- medication side effects;
- irregular sleep patterns;
- caffeine / alcohol / tobacco use;
- sleep apnea;
- anxiety / stress.
If comfort is not the only thing making sleep difficult, it is
advisable for the patient to consult his or her family physician
to discuss other possible causes and treatments for
sleeplessness.
If anyone experiences significant or persistent back pain,
there may be an underlying back condition that has nothing to
do with the mattress. It is always advisable for people with
back pain to consult with a health care provider for a thorough
exam, diagnosis, and treatment program.
As a reminder, sleep comfort is first and foremost a matter
of personal preference. No one should expect that switching
mattresses or beds will cure their lower back pain, and changes
in the type of bed or mattress used should be made solely for
the sake of comfort,
(Adapted from http;//www.spine-
health,com/wellness/sleep/additional-factors -affect -sleep-
comfort )
44) (Escola Naval 2016) Which option expresses a
recommendation?
a) "The type of mattress one uses is not the only factor for
patients with pain and sleep difficulty."
b) "Many other factors need to be considered that may
affect sleep [...] . "
c) "[...] it is advisable for the patient to consult his or her
family physician [...] ."
d) "If anyone experiences significant or persistent back
pain [...] . "
163
e) " [...] sleep comfort is first and foremost a matter of
personal preference."
45) (Escola Naval 2016) Considering the text, the word
"solely" in "[...] changes in the type of bed or mattress used
should be made solely for the sake of comfort." Means
a) only.
b) mainly.
c) nearly.
d) lately.
e) quickly.
Texto para as questões 46 e 47
Hard Lesson in Sleep for Teenagers
By Jane E. Brody October 20, 2014
Few Americans these days get the hours of sleep optimal
for their age, but experts agree that teenagers are more likely to
fall short than anyone else.
Researchers report that the average adolescent needs eight
and a half to nine and a half hours of sleep each night.
However, in a poll taken in 2006 by the National Sleep
Foundation, less than 20 percent reported getting that much rest
on school nights. With the profusion of personal electronics,
the current percentage is believed to be even worse. A study in
Fairfax, Va., found that only 6 percent of children in the 10th
grade and only 3 percent in the 12th grade get the
recommended amount of sleep. Two in three teens were found
to be severely sleep-deprived, losing two or more hours of
sleep every night. The causes can be biological, behavioral or
environmental. The effect on the well-being of adolescents —
on their health and academic potential — can be profound.
Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases the risks of high
blood pressure and heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity,
said Dr. Owens, pediatric sleep specialist at Children's National
Health System in Washington. Sleeplessness is also linked to
risk-taking behavior, depression, suicidal ideation and car
accidents. Insufficient sleep also impairs judgment, decision-
making skills and the ability to curb impulses, which are "in a
critical stage of development in adolescence," Dr. Owens said.
With the current intense concern about raising academic
achievement, it is worth noting that a study by Kyla Wahlstrom
of 9,000 students in eight Minnesota public high schools
showed that starting school a half-hour later resulted in an
hour's more sleep a night and an increase in the students' grade
point averages and standardized test scores.
When children reach puberty, a shift in circadian rhythm
makes it harder for them to fall asleep early enough to get the
requisite number of hours and still make it to school on time. A
teenager’s sleep-wake cycle can shift as much as two hours,
making it difficult to fall asleep before 11 p.m. If school starts
at 8 or 8:30, it is not possible to get enough sleep. Based on
biological sleep needs, a teenager who goes to sleep at 11 p.m,
should be getting up around 8 a.m.
Adding to the adolescent shift in circadian rhythm are
myriad electronic distractions that cut further into sleep time,
like smartphones, iPods, computers and televisions. A stream
of text messages, tweets, and postings on Facebook and
Instagram keep many awake long into the night.
Parents should consider instituting an electronic curfew and
perhaps even forbid sleep-distracting devices in the bedroom,
Dr. Owens said. Beyond the bedroom, many teenagers lead
overscheduled lives that can lead to short nights.
Also at risk are many teenagers from low-income and
minority families, where overcrowding, excessive noise and
safety concerns can make it difficult to get enough restful
sleep, the academy statement said. Trying to compensate for
sleep deprivation on weekends can further compromise an
adolescent's sleep-wake cycle by inducing permanent jet lag.
Sleeping late on weekends shifts their internal clock, making it
even harder to get to sleep Sunday night and wake up on time
for school Monday morning.
(Adapted and abridged from http://www.nytimes.com)
46) (Escola Naval 2016) Mark the only option that is FALSE
according to the text.
a) Most Americans are sleep deprived nowadays but
teenagers are the age group mostly affected by it.
b) Sleep deprivation may lead to several diseases such as
diabetes, obesity and depression.
c) For a teenager, falling asleep early is only a matter of
self-discipline.
d) According to research done is some schools, starting
classes half an hour later increased student performance.
e) A teenager's social status may influence his/her sleeping
habits.
47) (Escola Naval 2016) Which words are similar in meaning
to ''curb" and "curfew" in the following extracts:
"Insufficient sleep also impairs judgment, decision-making
skills and the ability to curb impulses [...] . " and "Parents
should consider instituting an electronic curfew and perhaps
even forbid sleep-distracting devices in the bedroom [...] ."?
a) restrict / device
b) restrict / limit
c) restrict / delay
d) encourage / device
e) encourage / delay
Texto para a questão 48
Too many third graders can’t read this sentence
9 Feb. 2017- Editor's Picks
Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will
impact their future, including academic struggles that could
lead to dimmer academic and career prospects. Sadly, only one
in three U.S. students demonstrates reading proficiency at the
end of third grade. This has alarming consequences
for these children, and for our country.
A report released today from the Business Roundtable
(BRT) sheds light on this troubling trend in American
education, and advises business leaders on how they can help
put more children on a path to success.
(...)
I’ve heard it said that before third grade, students are
learning to read, while after third grade, they’re reading to
learn. Grade three is a critical crossroads in a life's journey. If
you’ve read this far, then you understand why this is so
important. Not enough of our young learners can say the same.
I encourage you to read the BRT report. As you read, please
consider ways to help our schools and our teachers keep
students on paths to bright futures.
Leave your comments below
Michel Jonas
Really, all I read was blabla wa wa wa. Are you Charlie
Brown’s teacher? If we can't understand our children who are
crying out for help and direction, then there is something
wrong with you. Please go back and check yourself! They are
worth so much more.
Rick Shire
164
Thanks for sharing. With two young children, I increasingly
think about the importance of early childhood education. Pre-k
care is far too inaccessible, ultimately magnifying inequality
from the earliest stages of life.
Tom Franks
What exactly is education? Academic education doesn't
make someone a better person or even a better employee, I
would guess that anything we learn in the education process is
at the most 10% useful to us as people. Education should teach
academia but also life skills such as budgeting, EQ skills,
languages etc., all the elements to be a successful person and
not necessarily a successful professional.
(Adapted from https ://www.linkedin.com)
48) (Escola Naval 2017) Decide if the statements below are
true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Then choose the
option that contains the correct sequence.
( ) Most kids in American schools cannot read well
enough at third grade.
( ) The BRT report does not include suggestions on how
to improve education.
( ) Michel Jonas posted a positive comment about the
matter.
( ) Tom Franks believes schools do not prepare us for life.
a) (T) (F) (T) (T)
b) (F) (T) (T) (F)
c) (F) (F) (T) (T)
d) (T) (T) (F) (F)
e) (T) (F) (F) (T)
Texto para as questões 49 – 51
As the Olympics Approaches, a Lesson in Overcoming
Adversity
Bert R. Mandelbaum, MD
July 20, 2016
I've known a lot of athletes who qualified for the Olympic
Games despite injuries. But I know of only one who
qualified because of an injury.
Cliff Meidl’s story captures the spirit of the Olympics.
In November 1986, Cliff, a 20-year-old plumber's
apprentice, hit three buried high-voltage electrical cables with a
jackhammer. An estimated 30,000 volts surged through his
body, exploding bone and cartilage from the inside ail the way
up to his head. To put that into perspective, electric chairs use
only 1500-2000 volts for executions. So it's safe to say that
Cliff should have died.
And he nearly did. His heart stopped. Paramedics were able
to get it going again, but they had to resuscitate him on the way
to the hospital.
As part of a team with renowned plastic surgeon Malcolm
Lesavoy, MD, and others, I got to work reconstructing Cliffs
legs. Our best hope was to avoid amputation.
But very quickly, we noticed something else going on -
something that had nothing to do with our expertise. Through
every step of his painful rehabilitation, Cliff grew more and
more determined. He never complained. He just asked, "What's
next?"
Before he had even finished the rehabilitation, Cliff started
paddling various watercrafts. The days spent on crutches had
already strengthened his upper body, and he took naturally to
the sport. The same year in which he was injured, he began
competing in canoe and kayak events, and in 1996 he qualified
for the Olympics - not the Paralympic Games, the Olympic
Games.
 Four years later, in Sydney, Australia, I was overseeing the
sports medicine team at the Olympic soccer tournament. I was
sitting in the stands during the opening ceremonies when Cliff
walked into the Olympic Stadium carrying the Stars and
Stripes.
It's a long-standing tradition for delegations of athletes to
select one among their number to bear the flag, and the choice
often symbolizes some extraordinary accomplishment. I had no
idea that Cliff would be selected. So when he strode into the
stadium with a normal gait, I nearly broke down.
Moments like that reinforce what I have always believed:
that sport can bring out the best in us all.
The Olympic Games (...) are devoted to celebrating the
human capacity to improve body, mind, and soul.
They are about taking part - not necessarily about winning.
Cliffs peers in the US delegation of 2000 recognized that when
they elected him to bear the nation's colors. He never won a
medal at the games, but the spirit with which he overcame
adversity inspired all of them.
The Olympic motto - faster, higher, stronger - can help our
patients realize that the real victory is the "win within." The
Win Within: Capturing Your Victorious Spirit is the name of
the book I wrote to show people that coming back from
adversity is part of our heritage - that we as human beings are
more adapted to adversity than we are to success.
Adversity is the engine of unimagined opportunity. It can
unleash our energy and stimulate our will. It moves us to
succeed. If I don’t have food, I have to go get some. If I’m
cold, I have to build a shelter.
I remind patients who don't participate in sports that they
have the heritage of athletes. We all have the genes of pursuit-
hunters who survived by running down their prey and running
away from their predators. That's why even now, in 2016,
when we go out and take a run, we feel good. We get an
endorphin surge and our lipids go down. Our hearts and brains
become clear.
The life of sport and sport of life are interlinked. Exercise is
our birthright; it's our legacy; it's why we are here.
We no longer have to fear saber-toothed tigers or cave
bears. But when you look today at how people can be
successful in 2016, it's by avoiding the predators in our urban
life: overeating, inactivity, and smoking. And it's by rising to
meet adversity.
(Adapted from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/866279)
49) (Escola Naval 2017) Considering the text, the words
“nearly” (4th and 9th paragraphs) and “overseeing”
(8th paragraph) mean, respectively,"______ ” and “______”,
a) seldom / helping
b) nearby / joining
c) certainly / meeting
d) quite / disregarding
e) almost / supervising
50) (Escola Naval 2017) According to the text, which
statement is correct?
a) Cliff Meidl got seriously injured during a competition
and almost lost his legs.
b) In 1996, Cliff Meidl took part in the Paralympic Games
for the first time.
c) In 2000, Cliff Meidl was the US flag bearer during the
opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games.
d) Cliff Meidl has already won several medals, including a
gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1996.
165
e) After the accident, Cliff Meidl wrote a book called The
Win Within: Capturing Your Victorious Spirit.
51) (Escola Naval 2017) Choose the correct statement
according to the text.
a) The Olympic Games emphasize the importance of
defeating our opponents.
b) As human beings evolved, they lost the ability of
overcoming adversity.
c) Adversity brings new opportunities and helps human
beings succeed.
d) Physical exercises increase the amount of endorphin and
lipids in our body.
e) Nowadays, we have to face the same dangers as our
ancestors.
52) (Escola Naval 2017) Read some rules for voting in Brazil.
- The minimum legal age for voting is 16.
- Voting is compulsory for all literate citizens over 18 and
under 70.
- Voting is optional for citizens who are older than 70 or are
illiterate.
Based on the information above, choose the correct option.
a) In Brazil, illiterate people mustn’t vote.
b) A person who is 15 years old can vote in Brazil.
c) Brazilians who are over 70 years old can’t vote.
d) In Brazil, a literate citizen who is 20 years old must
vote.
e) Brazilians who are over 18 years old don’t have to vote.
Texto para as questões 53 e 54
Doctors Know Best
By Ted Spiker
Along with all the disease stomping, heart reviving, baby
delivering, and overall people healing they do, doctors have
another full-time job: keeping themselves healthy. Scratch that
- keeping themselves healthiest. So instead of peeking into
their medical practices, we looked at what they actually
practice - in their own lives. Use personal strategies and insider
tips from the best medical pros to supercharge your health this
year.
(I)-______
"As soon as I feel an illness coming on, I go to sleep for at
least nine hours," says Hilda Hutcherson, MD, clinical
professor of ob-gyn at Columbia University Medicai Center. "I
also lie on the floor with my legs elevated and propped against
the wall and breathe deeply for five minutes." It helps lower
stress, which weakens the immune system.
(II)-______
Instead of having a garden-variety green salad, Margaret
McKenzie, MD, assistant professor of surgery at the Cleveland
Clinic, tosses napa cabbage, radicchio, edamame, and carrots
with ginger-soy dressing. "It gives me a lot of vitamins,
antioxidants, and protein and makes me feel full," she says.
(III)-______
[...] Gary Small, MD, professor of psychiatry and
biobehavioral sciences at the University of California, Los
Angeles, and author of The Alzheimer's Prevention Program,
plays Scrabble and Words With Friends on his smartphone
most days. These word games are perfect brain boosters,
because they build not only verbal and math skills but also
spatial abilities as you position letters to create words.
"Combining several mental tasks strengthens multiple neural
circuits," Dr. Small says. "It's like cross-training for your
brain."
(IV) - _____
Make your bedroom spalike: Dim the lights at least an hour
before you go to bed; ban cell phones, laptops, and the TV; ask
your partner for a foot rub. "I do deep breathing exercises," Dr.
Hutcherson says. "Sometimes I play relaxing music softly."
(V) - _____
The most important meal is breakfast, says David Katz,
MD, director and founder of Yale-Griffin Prevention Research
Center in Derby, Connecticut. He often has two breakfasts,
divvying up his morning meal so that he eats half before his
workout and half after. "It helps with portion control, and it
establishes a daily eating pattern," Dr. Katz says. Plan your
breakfast at night to start the next day on a healthy note.
(Abridged from https
://www.fitnessmagazine.com/health/doctors-tips-tostay-
healthy/)
53) (Escola Naval 2018) The headlines below have been
removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV)
and (V). Number them to indicate the order they must
appear to complete the text correctly. Then mark the option
that contains the right sequence.
( ) Fuel up for the day
( ) Take a time out
( ) Stay sharp
( ) Eat extra veggies
( ) Sleep easier
a) (II) (I) (V) (III) (IV)
b) (V) (I) (III) (II) (IV)
c) (I) (IV) (V) (III) (II)
d) (II) (IV) (III) (V) (I)
e) (V) (III) (IV) (II)(I)
54) (Escola Naval 2018) In the sentence "It helps lower stress,
which weakens the immune system.” (2nd paragraph), the
underlined words mean, respectively,______and______ .
a) raise / lessens
b) rise / strengthens
c) reduce / debilitates
d) eliminate / toughens
e) decrease / reproduces
Texto para a questão 55
Doctor works to save youth from violence before they reach his
ER
As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital
Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic
situations that he'd rather forget. But some moments stick with
him. "Probably the worst thing that I've ever had to do is tell a
15-year-old's mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I
can't keep somebody alive, I've failed." [...]
"Conflict's not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore
said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in
the neighborhood, you realize, 'I don't want this to happen
anymore. What do we do about it?"
For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence
Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today,
the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital,
schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young
people.
Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the
first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an
intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist
victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at
other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after
166
someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent
retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some
of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.
Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of
volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership
between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call
24/7.
Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently
injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began
working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high
school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were
involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and
female students in three schools, teaching mediation and
conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health
counseling for students who need one-on-one support.
"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school,
neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they
can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."
While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now
led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students,
some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as
mentors to the students. School administrators say the program
has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and
sending many graduates on to college.
"This is really about the community in which we live" he
said. "This is my home. And I'm going to do whatever is
possible to make sure people can actually thrive."
(Adapted and abridged from http://www.cnn.com)
55) (Escola Naval 2018) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) In Dr. Rob Gore's opinion, violent conflict cannot be
avoided.
b) “Kings Against Violence Initiative" is a nonprofit
organization.
c) KAVI started a successfui project at a high school in
2009.
d) Male students do not attend workshops held by KAVI.
e) Dr. Rob Gore does not go to workshops anymore.
Texto para a questão 56
Switzerland’s invisible linguistic borders
There are four official Swiss languages: German, French,
Italian and Romansh, an indigenous language with limited
status that's similar to Latin and spoken today by only a
handful of Swiss. A fifth language, English, is increasingly
used to bridge the linguistic divide. In a recent survey by Pro
Unguis, three quarters of those queried said they use English at
least three times per week.
In polyglot Switzerland, even linguistic divisions are
divided. People in the German-speaking cantons speak Swiss-
German at home but learn standard German in school. The
Italian spoken in the Ticino canton is peppered with words
borrowed from German and French.
Language may not be destiny, but it does determine much
more than the words we speak. Language drives culture, and
culture drives life. In that sense, the Rõstigraben is as much a
cultural border as a linguistic one. Life on either side of the
divide unfolds at a different pace, Bianchi explained. “[In my
opinion] French speakers are more laid-back. A glass of white
wine for lunch on a workday is still rather usual. German
speakers have little sense of humour, and follow rules beyond
the rigidity of the Japanese."
 The cultural divide between Italian-speaking Switzerland
and the rest of the country - a divide marked by the so-called
Polentagraben - is even sharper. Italianspeakers are a distinct
minority, accounting for only 8% of the population and living
mostly in the far southern canton of Ticino. “When I first
moved here, people told me, Ticino is just like Italy except
everything works’, and I think that's true,” said Paulo
Gonçalves, a Brazilian academic who has been living in Ticino
for the past decade.
Coming from a nation with one official spoken language,
Gonçalves marvels at how the Swiss juggle four. “It is quite
remarkable how they manage to get along,” he said, recalling
going to a conference attended by people who spoke French,
German, Italian and English. "You had presentations being
given in four different languages in the same conference hall.’’
Living in such a multilingual environment "really reshapes
how I see the world and imagine the possibilities,” Gonçalves
said. “I am a significantly different person than I was 10 years
ago.”
Switzerland’s languages are not evenly distributed. Of the
country’s 26 cantons, most - 17 - are German speaking, while
four are French and one Italian. (Three cantons are bilingual
and one, Grisons, trilingual.) A majority of Swiss, 63%, speak
German as their first language.
(Abridged from http ://www.bbc.com)
56) (Escola Naval 2018) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) English is spoken by one-fifth of the Swiss.
b) French speakers don’t usually drink on workdays.
c) Germans are as rigid as the Japanese.
d) Everything works in Italy and in Ticino.
e) German is spoken by most Swiss citizens.
Texto para a questão 57
HNSA Ships
HMS Nordkaparen
This submarine was built at Kockums Mekaniska Verkstad
in Maimo. The Dragon-class submarine was delivered in 1962
and differed from earlier boats primarily in that her aft part is
streamlined and fitted with a rudder in the longitudinal form of
a cross. Her single propeller is less noisy than the earlier twin
propellers. A wire guided system steers her torpedoes, and a
novel system of storage in a revolving device in her forward
compartment simplifies and shortens the time for recharging
her tubes. Her original equipment included radar, snorkel
ventilation and a crane on her foredeck for recovering dummy
torpedoes used in training.
Kalmaesund (M13)
The minelayer Kalmarsund, M13, was built at Orlogsvarvet
in Stockholm in 1953. M13 was used in Karlskrona for repairs
and maintenance of the Swedish Coast Defence minefields, and
for training of officers and conscripts in navigation and mine
service. In 1992 she was refitted at Oskarshamn naval yard
when, for instance, the mine storage was converted into crew's
quarters. In 2001 she was transferred to Gothenburg. Her main
task was to serve as a support-and-quartering ship for the
regiment.
HMS Smaland
The largest destroyer ship in Scandinavia preserved in a
museum, HMS Smaland was launched in 1952 at Eriksberg’s
Mekaniska Verkstad in Goteborg, and delivered to the Royal
Swedish Navy in 1956. Before the destroyer was
decommissioned in 1979, she had been modernized three
167
times. On delivery, she and her sister vessel, HMS Haliand
were the first destroyers armed with surface to surface marine
missiles. Her propulsion machinery comprises 29,000 hp steam
turbines, each driving a propeller. She may be said to be the
result of the 80-year development of destroyers.
(Abridged from http ://www.hnsa.org/hnsa-ships)
57) (Escola Naval 2018) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) HMS Nordkaparen is a Dragon-class submarine which
is similar to earlier vessels.
b) HMS Nordkaparen has a novel system of storage to
keep her torpedoes in the right direction.
c) Kalmaesund (M13) was built for a different purpose
than the one she served in Gothenburg.
d) HMS Haliand was the first ship destroyed by surface
marine missiles in Scandinavia.
e) It took 80 years to complete building the HMS Smaland,
which is now in a museum.
Texto para as questões 58 – 62
If children lose contact with nature they won't fight for it
[1] According to recent research, even if the present rate of
global decarbonisation were to double, we would still be on
course for 6°C of warming by the end of the century. Limiting
the rise to 2°C, which is the target of current policies, requires
a six-time reduction in carbon intensity.
[2] A new report shows that the UK has lost 20% of its
breeding birds since 1966: once common species such as
willow tits, lesser spotted woodpeckers and turtle doves have
all but collapsed; even house sparrows have fallen by two
thirds. Ash dieback is just one of many terrifying plant
diseases, mostly spread by trade. They now threaten our oaks,
pines and chestnuts.
[3] While the surveys show that the great majority of
people would like to see the living planet protected, few are
prepared to take action. This, I think, reflects a second
environmental crisis: the removal of children from the natural
world. The young people we might have expected to lead the
defence of nature have less and less to do with it.
[4] We don't have to undervalue the indoor world, which
has its own rich ecosystem, to lament children's disconnection
from the outdoor world. But the experiences the two spheres
offer are entirely different. There is no substitute for what takes
place outdoors, mostly because the greatest joys of nature are
unplanned. The thought that most of our children will never
swim among phosphorescent plankton at night, will never be
startled by a salmon leaping, or a dolphin breaching is almost
as sad as the thought that their children might not have the
opportunity.
[5] The remarkable collapse of children's engagement with
nature - which is even faster than the collapse of the natural
world - is recorded in Richard Louv's book Last Child in the
Woods, and in a report published recently by the National
Trust. Since the 1970s the area in which children may roam
without supervision has decreased by almost 90%. In one
generation the proportion of children regularly playing in wild
places in the UK has fallen from more than half to fewer than
one in 10. In the US, in just six years (1997-2003) children
with particular outdoor hobbies fell by half. Eleven- to 15-year-
olds in Britain now spend, on average, half their waking day in
front of a screen.
[6] There are several reasons for this collapse: parents'
irrational fear of strangers and rational fear of traffic, the
destruction of the fortifying lands where previous generations
played, the quality of indoor entertainment, the structuring of
children's time, the criminalisation of natural play. The great
indoors, as a result, has become a far more dangerous place
than the diminished world beyond.
[7] The rise of obesity and asthma and the decline in cardio-
respiratory fitness are well documented. Louv also links the
indoor life to an increase in attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder and other mental ill health. Research conducted at the
University of Illinois suggests that playing among trees and
grass is associated with a marked reduction in indications of
ADHD, while playing indoors appears to increase them. The
disorder, Louv suggests, "may be a set of symptoms aggravated
by lack of exposure to nature". Perhaps it's the environment,
not the child, that has gone wrong.
[8] In her famous essay the Ecology of Imagination in
Childhood, Edith Cobb proposed that contact with nature
stimulates creativity. Reviewing the biographies of 300
"geniuses", she exposed a common theme: intense experiences
of the natural world in the middle age of childhood (between
five and 12). Animals and plants, she argued, are among "the
figures of speech in the rhetoric of play... which the genius, in
particular of later life, seems to remember".
[9] Studies in several nations show that children's games are
more creative in green places than in concrete playgrounds.
Natural spaces encourage fantasy and roleplay, reasoning and
observation. The social standing of children there depends less
on physical dominance, more on inventiveness and language
skills.
[10] And here we meet the other great loss. Most of those I
know who fight for nature are people who spent their
childhoods immersed in it. Without a feel for the texture and
function of the natural world, without an intensity of
engagement almost impossible in the absence of early
experience, people will not devote their lives to its protection.
[11] Forest Schools, Outward Bound, Woodcraft Folk, the
John Muir Award, the Campaign for Adventure, Natural
Connections, family nature clubs and many others are trying to
bring children and the natural world back together. But all of
them are fighting forces which, if they cannot be changed, will
deprive the living planet of the wonder and delight that for
millennia have attracted children to the wilds.
(Adapted from:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/19/chil
dren-lose-contact-with-nature)
58) (Escola Naval 2019) According to the text, which option
completes the sentence below correctly?
The current policies aim at a ________ in the rise of
temperatures by the end of the century.
a) minimum of 6°C
b) maximum of 6°C
c) maximum of 12°C
d) maximum of 2°C
e) minimum of 2°C
59) (Escola Naval 2019) What’s the meaning of the word
“engagement” in paragraph 5?
a) Argument.
b) Disagreement.
c) Involvement.
d) Disappointment.
e) Punishment.
168
60) (Escola Naval 2019) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) Richard Louv believes there is a connection between
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and life
indoors.
b) Richard Louv believes that ADHD consists of a set of
symptoms that are aggravated by too much exposure to
nature.
c) Richard Louv suggests that ADHD is an illness that is
caused by a child’s physical conditions.
d) The symptoms of ADHD increase when a child is
submitted to many unexpected conditions in the natural
world.
e) Richard Louv suggests that the environment has gone
wrong and, consequently, parents should be afraid of
exposing their children to it.
61) (Escola Naval 2019) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) Edith Cobb proposed that contact with nature stimulates
creativity because many geniuses have presented
theories in favour of that.
b) The creativity of many geniuses has led them to suggest
that children between the ages of five and 12 should be
in contact with nature.
c) The creativity of many geniuses appears to have been
influenced by their intense experiences of the natural
world when they were children.
d) Edith Cobb proposed that the biographies of many
geniuses should contain information about how their
creativity was improved.
e) Edith Cobb wrote about the fact that geniuses of later
life used to present speeches in public.
62) (Escola Naval 2019) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) Undervaluing the indoor world would be a solution to
the problem of children’s disconnection from nature.
b) Undervaluing the indoor world would emphasize the
fact that there are two spheres that are completely
different.
c) Being in contact with nature has no substitute because
the greatest joys of nature are unplanned.
d) There is no substitute for what takes place outdoors
because children will never swim among
phosphorescent plankton at night.
e) The thought that our children’s children might not have
the opportunity to enjoy nature has been overestimated
for decades.
Texto para as questões 63 – 67
Career confusion in the 21st century: challenges and
opportunities
[1] The time and energy that teenagers dedicate to learning
and the fields of study they choose profoundly shape the
opportunities they will have during their whole lives. Their
dreams and aspirations do not just depend on their talents, but
they can be highly influenced by their personal background as
well as by the depth and extent of their knowledge about the
world of work. ln summary, students cannot be what they
cannot see.
[2] With young people staying in education longe than ever
and the labour market automating with unprecedented speed,
students need help to make sense of the world of work. ln
2018, the OECD Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA), the world's largest dataset on young
people's educational experiences, collected first-of-its kind data
on this, making it possible to explore how much the career
dreams o young people have changed over the past 20 years,
how closely they are related to actual labour demand, and how
closely aspirations are shaped by social background
and gender.
[3] Studies in Australia, the United Kingdom and the
United States show that teenagers who combine part-time
employment with full-time education do better in their school-
to-work transitions. The positive benefits include lower
probabilities of being unemployed or NEET (Not in
Education1 Employment or Training), higher waçes, and others
(see Box 1). However, the benefits cannot be taken for granted
and some experiences in different countries have demonstrated
that governments and schools can better support young people
as they prepare themselves for working life.
[4] Schools may provide programmes of career
development activities, particularly those that include
workplace experience. Experience of the world of work
challenges young people to understand what it means to be
personally effective in different workplaces while providing a
unique opportunity to develop social networks of value.
Through exposure to the people who do different jobs, young
people have the chance to challenge genderN and class-based
stereotyping and expand their aspirations, easing ultimate entry
into the labour market (see Box 2).
[5] However, in recent years, analyses of career preparation
have focused on the challenge of misalignment: where the
educational plans of young people are out of kilter with their
occupational expectations. When young people underestimate
the education required to fulfil their dreams, they can expect to
63) (Escola Naval 2020) According to the text, which option is
find their early working lives more difficult than would be
correct?
expected. Of particular concern is that most young people
a) When schools provide career talks, they challenge the
whose aspirations are misaligned with their education come
world of work.
from disadvantaged backgrounds. Consequently, it is now clear
b) When teenagers attend career talks, they challenge the
that career guidance serves an important service in dealing with
different social classes.
inequalities.
c) The higher the number of career talks teenagers attend,
[6] Results from PISA show that the career aspirations of
the higher their salaries may be.
young people are no simple reflection of teenage academic
d) The higher the number of career talks teenagers attend,
ability. Rather, they reflect complex lives. Analyses show that
the higher the number of drop-outs.
the children of more advantaged families are more likely to
e) Career talks facilitate someone's immediate entry into
want to go on to university than working class kids. Similarly,
the labour market.
career thinking is often determined by gender and immigrant
64) (Escola Naval 2020) According to paragraph 1, it is correct
background as well as socioeconomic status. Disadvantaged
to say that "students cannot be what they cannot see"
young people are at clear risk of career confusion. lt is neither
because:
fair, nor efficient, for students to move through education with
a) their dreams and aspirations belong to the opportunities
limited views of both the amplitude of the labour market and
they find.
their own potential. b) their dreams and aspirations consume much time and
energy.
c) they need to extend their knowledge about their talents.
d) they need to be well-informed about the world of work.
e) they need to devote more time to dreaming about their
careers.
65) (Escola Naval 2020) The meaning of the expression "out of
kilter with" in paragraph 5 is:
a) outdated about.
b) delivered by.
c) in equal terms with.
d) in accordance with.
e) in disagreement with.

169
66) (Escola Naval 2020) According to the contents of
paragraph 3, the transition from school to work is better for
teenagers who:
a) study full-time and work part-time.
b) study part-time and work full-time.
c) both study and work part-time.
d) both study and work full-time.
e) work, study and have higher wages.
67) (Escola Naval 2020) According to the text in Box 1, it is
correct to say that people who worked a lot and studied
when they were teenagers:
a) always had the best grades in final exams.
b) tended to have lower grades in final exams.
c) were very happy about their grades and their jobs.
d) had higher salaries but were often unemployed.
e) had higher salaries and were never unemployed.
Texto para a questão 68
Dedicated to helping his community
December 2020
When the country went into coronavirus lockdown this
year, one Royal Navy sailor sprang into action to protect his
local community with all the dedication and efficiency of a
military operation.
Chief Petty Officer Sean Mackenzie has served in the Royal
Navy for 29 years and works at Royal Navy Air Station
Culdrose in Cornwall. So when people in his village of
Tregony faced the uncertainty of lockdown in March, CPO
Mackenzie knew exactly what to do.
In the navy, he specialises in logistics at 1700 Naval Air
Squadron, which deploys teams of sailors around the world to
allow flying operations on navy warships, support ships and air
bases. He also supervises a team of 70 personnel at Culdrose's
extensive supply chain depot.
“From the first day of lockdown, | got together with a
couple of former military men and we created our own group,”
he said. “We did rounds of the village and we deliberately
made it as military as we could. | wanted to help my
community and these people in it are all part of that together.”
His team of volunteers, which grew to 27 people,
immediately set up a 'smiley-face system” where anyone, many
of them elderly, could indicate with a simple sign in their
window if they needed help or not.
Regular smiley-face patrols were soon underway every day
in the village of around 450 households. This was followed by
a 'buddy system”, where socially-isolated people could receive
a visit and talk to someone - for many it could be their only
contact all day, [...] from a safe distance outside.
The team also prepared an emergency kitchen [...]
established their own foodbank and updated noticeboards with
the latest advice.
They bought food for those who could not get out,
including up to 20 visits a day to the local shop. Soon, dog-
walking and pizza-delivery services followed as well as a
medicine delivery service, which collected more than 2,000
prescriptions over lockdown, which were then personally
handed out to each patient.
All of this was on top of Chief Petty Officer Mackenzie's
responsibilities at work, where he continued as a key-worker,
helping to ensure that the Royal Navy could still meet its key
defence requirements.
“I was really aware that everyone needed help and I was
capable of helping. I was also aware that my own parents were
170
sat in a similar situation, but 300 miles away. Here I could do
something to help my community.”
He has now been singled out for an award by the
commanding officer of RNAS Culdrose, Captain Stuart Finn,
who said: “Chief Petty Officer Mackenzie has displayed
exemplary leadership skills, both in his professional capacity
with the Royal Navy and a selfless approach to service in his
local community.”
(Adapted from “Dedicated to helping his community”. Naval
News, p. 39, December 2020. &
https://www..cornwalllive.com)
68) (Escola Naval 2021) Decide if the statements below are
true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Then choose the
option that contains the correct sequence.
( ) After retiring from the Navy, Sean Mackenzie decided
to help his community during coronavirus lockdown.
( ) Sean Mackenzie was helped by a team of 70
volunteers.
( ) People could show that they needed help by putting a
sign in their window.
( ) Mackenzie and other volunteers helped people in
different ways, such as delivering food and medicine to
them.
( ) Mackenzie's parents, who live near him, also needed
help during lockdown.
a) (T) (T) (T) (T) (F)
b) (F) (T) (T) (F) (T)
c) (F) (F) (T) (T) (F)
d) (F) (T) (T) (T) (T)
e) (T) (F) (F) (T) (F)
Texto para as questões 69 e 70
U.K. hospitals are overburdened. But the British love their
universal health care
March 7, 2018
When Erich McElroy takes the stage at comedy clubs in
London, his routine includes a joke about the first time he went
to see a doctor in Britain.
Originally from Seattle, McElroy, 45, has lived in London
for almost 20 years. A stand-up comedian, he's made a career
out of poking fun at the differences in the ways Americans
versus Britons see the world - and one of the biggest
differences is their outlook on health care.
"I saw a doctor, who gave me a couple pills and sent me on
my way. But I still hadn't really done any paperwork. I was
like, 'This isn't right!’ " McElroy says onstage, to giggles from
the crowd. "So I went back to the same woman, and I said,
'What do I do now?’ And she said, ‘You go home!’"
The mostly British audience erupts into laughter.
McElroy acknowledges it doesn't sound like much of a
joke. He's just recounting his first experience at a U.K. public
hospital. But Britons find it hilarious, he says, that an
American would be searching for a cash register, trying to find
how to pay for treatment at a doctor's office or hospital. It is a
foreign concept here, McElroy explains.
Onstage, McElroy recounts how, when the hospital
receptionist instructed him to go home, he turned to her and
exclaimed, "This is amazing!"
Amazing, he says, because he did not have to pay - at least
not at the point of service. In Britain, there is a state-funded
system called the National Health Service, or NHS, which
guarantees care for all. That means everything from ambulance
rides and emergency room visits to long hospital stays,
complex surgery, radiation and chemotherapy - are all free.
They are paid for with payroll taxes. In addition, any
medication you get during a hospital visit is free, and the cost
of most prescription drugs at a pharmacy are cheap - a few
dollars. (Private health care also exists in the U.K., paid out-of-
pocket or through private insurance coverage, but only a small
minority of residents opt for it.)
Since the 2008 financial crisis, the U.K., like many
countries, has been taking in less tax revenue - so it has had to
cut spending. Its expenditure on the National Health Service
has still grown, but at a slower pace than before. [...] Wait
times at the emergency room are up, says Richard Murray,
policy director at the King's Fund, a health care think tank.
"If the ER is really busy, it makes the ambulances queue
outside the front door - not great," Murray says. "And in some
cases, the hospital is simply full."
(Adapted from https:/Awww.npr.org)
69) (Escola Naval 2021) Which option replaces the word
“overburdened” in the title “U.K. hospitals are
overburdened”, according to its meaning in the text?
a) Completely broke.
b) Completely crowded.
c) Completely abandoned.
d) Extremely expensive.
e) Extremely bad.
70) (Escola Naval 2021) According to the text, which option is
correct?
a) British and American people share the same opinion
about health care.
b) Mr. McElroy was dissatisfied with his first experience
at a British hospital.
c) In Britain, the majority of the population prefers the
public health system.
d) Only British people attend Mr. McElroy's gigs at
comedy clubs in London.
e) British people do not like it when Mr. McElroy makes
fun of the NHS.
Texto para a questão 71
Time to envision legal recourse for climate refugees
As gradually worsening climate patterns and severe weather
events prompt an increase in human mobility, people who
choose to move will do so with little legal protection. The
current system of international law is not equipped to protect
climate migrants, as there are no legally binding agreements
obliging countries to support climate migrants.
While climate migrants who flee unbearable conditions
resemble refugees, the legal protections afforded to refugees do
not extend to them. In the aftermath of World War II, the
United Nations established a system to protect civilians who
had been forced from their home countries by political
violence. Today, there are almost 20.4 million officially
designated refugees under the protection of the United Nations
High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), but there is an
additional group of 21.5 million people who flee their homes as
a result of sudden onset weather hazards every year.
The UNHCR has refused to grant these people refugee
status, instead designating them as “environmental migrants,”
in large part because it lacks the resources to address their
needs. But with no organized effort to supervise the migrant
population, these desperate individuals go where they can, not
necessarily where they should. As their numbers grow, it will
become increasingly difficult for the international community
171
to ignore this challenge. As severe climate change displaces
more people, the international community may be forced to
either redefine “refugees” to include climate migrants or create
a new legal category and accompanying institutional
framework to protect climate migrants. However, opening that
debate in the current context would be very difficult. Currently,
the atmosphere in Europe and the U.S. would most likely lead
to limiting refugee protections rather than expanding them.
(Adapted from https://www.brookings.edu)
71) (Escola Naval 2021) Choose the correct option according
to the text.
a) The number of people who are fleeing home due to
climate change is stable.
b) There is some similarity between climate migrants and
refugees.
c) The UNHCR can afford to protect climate migrants and
refugees.
d) The international community is considering revising the
definition for refugee.
e) The U.S. and European countries want to increase
refugee protections.
72) (Escola Naval 2021) Read the information below.
How do | know if I'm eligible to apply to the Naval
Academy?
You must be:
- at least 17 years of age and must not have passed your
23rd birthday on July 1st of the year of admission;
- unmarried, not pregnant and have no incurred
obligations of parenthood; and
- a United States citizen (except for the limited quotas of
international midshipmen specifically authorized by
Congress).
(Adapted from https://www.usna.edu/)
Considering only the requirements above, who can apply to
the Naval Academy?
a) A woman who is expecting a baby.
b) A married American man who is eighteen years old.
c) Any foreign person who lives in the US.
d) A nineteen-year-old American woman who is single.
e) An unmarried man over twenty-four who was born in
the US.
Texto para as questões 73 – 75
What lt's Like to Live in the Jungle for a Month
December 10, 2018
Lesley de Souza (Keller Science Action Center)
Our team of Field Museum scientists - experts on fish,
plants, amphibians, mammals, and more - traveled to Colombia
to join regional and national scientists for a month, with the
goal of going deep into the rainforest and documenting as
much wildlife as possible. We've done several trips like this,
called rapid inventories, in the Amazon basin, but this one felt
especially important. We were exploring an area that no
scientists had entered for over sixty years because of guerrillas.
Now we're able to venture into this region, but it is also
exposed to threats. Deforestation is moving into this area at an
alarming rate. With a focused mission, we explore the beautiful
landscape and its many diverse critters while working and
learning from the people who live there.
But getting into the rainforest - it's no easy feat! After
taking a commercial airliner from Chicago, we made our way
into the jungle by bush plane, upriver by boat, and lastly, on
our own two feet. To get to one campsite, we hiked for a mile
in a flooded creek, balancing on floating logs.
Each campsite is a little different, but it's always important
to set up a kitchen and dining area! Typical meals include fish,
rice, beans, plantains, and oatmeal - repeat, repeat, repeat. A
definite bonus of fieldwork life? Brewing fresh hot chocolate
from local cacao in the jungle. Plus, lots of coffee keeps us
going for long days (and late nights) of collecting and
recording data.
You realize what a force nature is - especially during rainy
season in the Amazon. That's why I prefer sleeping off the
ground in a hammock. At one particular site, I woke up with
water below me. The river had risen so much that it flooded the
forest. But I also love the breeze being suspended in the air. l'm
convinced you sleep better with the swaying ...
Of course, we're here to work. That means finding,
measuring, photographing, identifying, and in some cases,
collecting specimens. I focus on Neotropical fish species, and I
learn A LOT from talking to local people about fishes. lt is an
important part of their diet and the economy. Because they're
fishermen themselves, they have firsthand knowledge of things
like fish behavior, where and when to find them, and how to
catch them. It's such important information when trying to
understand the landscape, people, and fishes for conservation.
At the end of each day, we have seen, collected and
photographed so many specimens. But there is still more work
to do at night - which means working by candlelight or putting
on our headlamps. Some groups stay up until one in the
morning, like the botany team pressing plants. The reptile &
amphibian and fish teams go out for their night survey, and the
mammal team sets up mist nets to catch bats! lt's activity
around the clock for a rapid inventory team.
At the end of the day, we may be exhausted, but it really is
a privilege to set foot in these natural areas and learn from the
local people and scientists. On this trip alone, we documented
750 species of plants and 686 species of vertebrates! And we
estimate there are more than double these numbers in the area.
The more we know about what lives in rich natural areas like
the Amazon rainforest, the easier it is for us to work together to
protect the landscapes where they live and the people who
depend on them.
(Adapted from https://www.fieldmuseum.org/blog)
73) (Escola Naval 2022) The word "creek" in the sentence "To
get to one campsite, we hiked for a mile in a flooded creek,
balancing on floating logs." (para. 3) means:
a) small river.
b) light breeze.
c) deep ocean.
d) arid desert.
e) strong wind.
74) (Escola Naval 2022) The author does research on:
a) amphibians.
b) fish.
c) mammals.
d) plants.
e) reptiles.
75) (Escola Naval 2022) Decide if the statements below are
true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Then choose the
option that contains the correct sequence.
( ) The text is about a leisure trip.
( ) They spent more than twenty days in Colombia.
( ) Their journey into the forest was hard.
172
( ) ln the forest, the author sleeps better on the ground.
( ) They documented less than six hundred species of
animais during the trip.
a) (T) (F) (F) (T) (F)
b) (F) (T) (T) (T) (T)
c) (T) (F) (T) (T) (F)
d) (F) (T) (T) (F) (F)
e) (T) (T) (F) (F) (T)
Texto para a questão 76
Brazilian Navy releases new 20-year plan
By Victor Barreira
The Brazilian Navy is looking to acquire mediumsized
general-purpose helicopters and attack, antisubmarine (ASW)
and reconnaissance helicopters, according to the recently
released Brazilian Navy latest Strategic Plan (Plano Estratégico
da Marinha 2040/PEM 2040).
The Plan, which was publicly released on 10 September,
calls for a host of other new measures to be implemented over
the next 20 years. For example, the Navy wants to significantly
increase research-and-development (R&D) to develop
shipboard systems such as communications, detection,
navigation, and electronic warfare. The R&D increases are also
meant to help boost the country's Defence Technological and
Industrial Base (DTIB).
The Navy also wants to achieve a minimum of 65% of
ships and aircraft operational availability, create a cyber-
warfare squadron, and bolster its satellite ability to intercept
maritime communications.
According to the Plan, the Navy is now going to focus more
heavily on operations in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, paying
particular attention to threats such as piracy, illegal fishing,
organised crime, urban conflicts, natural resources dispute,
cyber warfare, terrorism, illegal access to knowledge, lhe
pandemics, natural disasters, and environmental issues.
The document, which does not describe exact schedules,
also covers a range of modernisation projects that were
previously planned or initiated, but not yet effectively
implemented or concluded. These include the acquisition of
vessels (mine-hunting ships, escort ships, aircraft carriers, a
logistics support ship, coastal and offshore patrol ships,
Antarctic support ship, training ships, and survey ships),
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), fighter jets, and lightweight
training and utility helicopters. ln addition, the Plan aims at the
enlargement and modernisation of equipment used by the
Marines Corps, the development of anti-ship missiles, and the
local construction of the country's first nuclear-powered
submarine SN Álvaro Alberto.
(Adapted from https://www.janes.com/)
76) (Escola Naval 2022) According to lhe text, which option is
correct?
a) The Navy has a new Strategic Plan that will start in
2040.
b) The R&D that will be carried out is expected to have
little impact on DTIB.
c) The Plan measures are restricted to activities that
involve sea patrolling.
d) The Plan contains a detailed calendar for lhe purchases
and projects.
e) The Plan includes projects that were once started but not
finished.
Texto para a questão 77 77) (Escola Naval 2022) Decide if the statements below are
Sleeping longer than 6.5 hours a night associated with true (T) or false (F) according to lhe text. Then choose lhe
cognitive decline according to research - what's really going option that contains lhe carreei sequence.
on here? ( ) The study aimed at finding out how much sleep in a
November 5, 2021 year could cause dementia.
A good night's sleep is important for many reasons. lt helps ( ) People who were 70 years old were not included in the
our body repair itself and function as it should, and is linked to group of 100 older adults.
better mental health and lower risk of many health conditions - ( ) Less than 15% of the subjects already had some level
including heart disease and diabetes. lt has also been shown of cognitive decline.
that not getting enough sleep is linked to cognitive decline and ( ) Cognition tests were administered before the subjects'
conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. sleep patterns were tracked.
However, more is not always better, as one recent study ( ) The team concluded that the amount and the quality of
found. Researchers from the Washington University School of sleep are linked to cognition.
Medicine have published a paper that indicates that just like a) (T) (T) (T) (T) (F)
getting too little sleep, sleeping too much may also be linked b) (F) (T) (F) (F) (T)
with cognitive decline. c) (F) (T) (T) (T) (T)
The research team wanted to know how much sleep was d) (F) (F) (T) (T) (F)
linked to cognitive impairment over time. To do this, they e) (T) (F) (F) (T) (F)
looked at 100 older adults in their mid-to-late-70s, and tracked
them for between four and five years. At the time of their
study, 88 people did not show any signs of dementia, while 12
showed signs of cognitive impairment (one with mild dementia
and 11 with the pre-dementia stage of mild cognitive
impairment).
Throughout the study, participants were asked to complete
a range of commonplace cognitive and neuropsychological
tests to look for signs of cognitive decline or dementia. Their
scores from these tests were then combined into a single score,
called the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC)
score. The higher the score, the better their cognition was over
time.
Sleep was measured using a single-electrode
encephalography (EEG) device, which participants wore on
their forehead while sleeping, for a total of between four to six
nights. This was done once, three years after people first
completed their annual cognitive tests. This EEG allowed the
researchers to accurately measure brain activity, which would
tell them whether someone was asleep (and for how long), and
how restful that sleep was.
Sleep was only measured at one period during the study,
but this still gave the research team a good indication of
participants' normal sleep habits. While using an EEG to
measure brain activity may be somewhat disruptive to sleep on
the first night, as people get used to the equipment, sleep tends
to return to normal the following night. This means that when
sleep is tracked from the second night onwards, · it is a good
representation of a person's normal sleep habits.
The researchers also took into account other factors that can
affect cognitive decline - including age, genetics and whether a
person had signs of lhe protein beta-amyloid or tau, which are
both linked to dementia.
Overall, the researchers found that sleeping less than 4.5
hours and more than 6.5 hours a night - alongside poor quality
sleep - was associated with cognitive decline over time.
lnterestingly, the impact of sleep duration on cognitive function
was similar to the effect of age, which is the greatest risk factor
for developing cognitive decline.
(Adapted from https://theconversation.com/)

173
 Gabarito 62) C
1) E 63) C
2) E 64) D
3) A 65) E
4) D 66) A
5) B 67) B
6) B 68) C
7) A 69) B
8) D 70) C
9) E 71) B
10) C 72) D
11) E 73) A
12) B 74) B
13) B 75) D
14) C 76) E
15) E 77) C
16) E
17) C
18) E
19) A
20) C
21) E
22) A
23) C
24) E
25) B
26) E
27) C
28) B
29) D
30) C
31) D
32) A
33) B
34) E
35) A
36) B
37) D
38) B
39) A
40) E
41) A
42) C
43) C
44) C
45) A
46) C
47) B
48) E
49) E
50) C
51) C
52) D
53) B
54) C
55) B
56) E
57) C
58) D
59) C
60) A
61) C

174
 Interpretação de Texto e Vocabulário –
ITA
Texto para as questões 1 – 3
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2010.
Newsweek Article: Bullying and Empathy (Kate Altman,
M.S.)
Newsweek offers an article on how schools are using
empathy-training programs in an effort to reduce bullying
in schools: http://www.newsweek.com/2010/12/15/can-
schools-teach-kids-not-to-bully.html
The effective_____ of such programs is unclear at this
point, and experts are divided on whether it makes more sense
to offer the programs to young children (elementary school
age) or older children (middle school age) (both, is probably
the answer). High school kids are simply difficult to reach
logistically, since they all have different schedules all day.
Unsurprisingly, some experts have found that the most
important component to empathy training is to include the
parents.
In assessing these programs and the broader issues of
empathy-training and bullying, there are multiple factors to
consider and no clear answers. First of all, empathy is one of
the most difficult and least-understood skills we can develop –
adults and kids alike. Empathy is the process of viewing and
understanding the world through another’s experience, and it is
often confused with sympathy, which is, essentially,
compassion and lacks the ―walking in another’s shoes‖
component (which is not to say it is not an admirable trait, it’s
just different from empathy). Developmentally, children may
not be able to truly understand and practice empathy until they
are closer to the pre-teen years, but introducing the concept
early and often is a good primer for its later development.
Another big question to consider: are programs focused on
empathy simply band-aids on much larger, more systemic
problems? Why are kids bullying other kids in the first place?
What family issues, societal issues, educational issues, are
contributing to the need/urge to humiliate and attack other
children for some sort of personal gain and satisfaction? My
guess is that for many kids, participating in a brief (or even a
few brief) empathy-skills seminars simply is not enough, and
will not get at the root(s) of the problems(s), no matter how
young they are when the programs begin.
I’m not saying that the programs are not a good idea. I
imagine that they have a lot of benefits and could especially
help kids who would not necessarily be bullies themselves, but
may have quietly stood by while witnessing bullying, to
become more confident about standing up to/reporting bullies.
However, to truly reduce bullying, society and schools need to
find ways to identify and work with aggressive children and
their families from a young age — to troubleshoot factors
(from not having basic needs met, to divorce, to models of
aggression in the home, etc.) that contribute to triggering
aggressive behavior. Such an approach would be expensive and
time-consuming and would command a lot of schools’
175
resources, but it is hard to imagine a more lightweight
approach being nearly as effective.
1) (ITA 2011) Para estar adequada ao contexto em que
aparece, a palavra effective (linha 1), deve ser acrescida de
a) fully.
b) by.
c) ness.
d) ful.
e) lessly.
2) (ITA 2011) A opção que descreve a palavra empathy é
a) essentially compassion.
b) walking in another’s shoes.
c) an admirable trait.
d) a band-aid on more systemic problems.
e) societal and educational issues.
3) (ITA 2011) Segundo o texto,
a) é difícil incluir os alunos de ensino médio nos empathy
training programs, por serem mais velhos e
demandarem uma abordagem diferenciada.
b) o componente mais importante na empatia é a relação
familiar.
c) simpatia está estritamente relacionada à empatia.
d) é inútil trabalhar o conceito de empatia anteriormente à
pré-adolescência.
e) há, provavelmente, fatores mais determinantes para a
prática de bullying do que a falta de empatia.
Texto para as questões 4 e 5
THE WORLDS OF INFINITIES
To see the world in a
grain of sand,
And a heaven in a
wildflower;
Hold infinity in the palm of you hand,
And eternity in an hour. – William Blake
Infinity has stimulated imaginations for thousands of years. It
is an idea drawn upon by theologians, poets, artists,
philosophers, writers, scientists, mathematicians – an idea that
has perplexed and intrigued – an idea that remains illusive.
Infinity has taken on different identities in different fields of
thought. In early times, the idea of infinity was, rightly or
wrongly, linked to large numbers. People of antiquity
experienced a feeling of the infinite by gazing at stars and
planets or at grains of sand on a beach. Ancient philosophers
and mathematicians such as Zeno, Anaxagoras, Democritus,
Aristotle, Archimedes pondered, posed and argued the ideas
that infinity presented.
Aristotle proposed the ideas of potential and actual infinities.
He argued that only potential infinity existed.
In The Sand Reckoner Archimedes dispelled the idea that the
number of grains of sand on a beach are infinite by actually
determining a method for calculating the number on all the
beaches of the earth.
Infinity has been the culprit in many paradoxes. Zeno’s
paradoxes of Achilles and the tortoise and the Dichotomy have
perplexed readers for centuries. Galileo’s paradoxes dealing
with segments, points, and infinite sets should also be noted.
The list of mathematicians with their discoveries and uses or
misuses of infinity extends through the centuries. (…).
Texto adaptado de PAPPAS, T. ―The Magic of Mathematics:
Discovering the Spell of Mathematics‖, 1994.
4) (ITA 2011) Segundo o texto, a ideia de infinito 6) (ITA 2011) De acordo com o texto,
a) embora atraia a atenção de poetas, artistas e filósofos é a) Kurzweil está convencido de que os novos
explorada, mais especificamente, por matemáticos e computadores poderão conduzir nossa mente e nosso
cientistas. corpo.
b) tem propiciado discussões e descobertas desde a b) é possível que, num futuro próximo, supercomputadores
antiguidade. se desenvolvam independentemente de seus criadores
c) é sempre relacionada a grandes números. humanos.
d) deixou de ser ilusória a partir do método desenvolvido c) Kurzweil acredita que o fim da civilização humana
por Arquimedes. poderá acontecer em 35 anos.
e) foi abordada, de forma semelhante, por diferentes d) computadores, cada vez mais rápidos, igualar-se-ão ao
campos do saber. cérebro humano.
5) (ITA 2011) Sobre as inúmeras ideias e paradoxos relativos e) a Ciência da Computação ocupa-se, atualmente, do
ao infinito, o texto informa que desenvolvimento de superinteligências.
a) os paradoxos de Zeno são os que despertam maior 7) (ITA 2011) From that point on (linha 23), refere-se a
perplexidade nos leitores. a) whatever it is our brains are doing.
b) Aristóteles defendeu a existência de infinito potencial, b) all bets are off.
em contraposição à ideia vigente de um infinito real e c) Kurzweil and a lot of other very smart people can.
outro potencial. d) if you can swallow that idea.
c) Galileu, trabalhando com pontos e segmentos, e) they would keep on developing.
conseguiu provar a existência do infinito. Texto para as questões 8 – 10
d) o grande número de grãos de areia na praia e de estrelas
no céu conferia sensação de infinito aos povos da
antiguidade.
e) eles resultam das contradições acerca do tema.
Texto para as questões 6 e 7
Thursday, Feb. 10, 2011
2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal
By Lev Grossman
(…), Kurzweil believes that we’re approaching a moment when
computers will become intelligent, and not just intelligent but
more intelligent than humans. When that happens, humanity –
our bodies, our minds, our civilization – will be completely and
irreversibly transformed. He believes that this moment is not
only inevitable but imminent. According to his calculations, the
end of human civilization as we know it is about 35 years
away.
Computers are getting faster. Everybody knows that. Also,
computers are getting faster faster – that is, the rate at which
they’re getting faster is increasing.
True? True.
So if computers are getting so much faster, so incredibly fast,
there might conceivably come a moment when they are capable
of something comparable to human intelligence. Artificial
intelligence. All that horsepower could be put in the service of
emulating whatever it is our brains are doing when they create
consciousness – not just doing arithmetic very quickly or
(I) → led
composing piano music but also driving cars, writing books,
(II) → leading
making ethical decisions, appreciating fancy paintings, making
8) (ITA 2011) Assinale a opção que indica a relação das
witty observations at cocktail parties.
palavras cabbage e carrots com o restante do anúncio.
If you can swallow that idea, and Kurzweil and a lot of other
a) Serviços e produtos oferecidos pelo GE Capital são
very smart people can, then all bets are off. From that point on,
sustentáveis e ecologicamente corretos.
there’s no reason to think computers would stop getting more
b) Dentre os serviços e produtos oferecidos pelo
powerful. They would keep on developing until they were far
anunciante constam refeições preparadas com legumes
more intelligent than we are. Their rate of development would
produzidos organicamente.
also continue to increase, because they would take over their
c) A GE Capital oferece a seus clientes um cardápio
own development from their slower-thinking human creators.
nutritivo e balanceado.
Imagine a computer scientist that was itself a super-intelligent
d) A GE Capital só estabelece parceria com empresas que
computer. It would work incredibility quickly. It could draw on
priorizam o desenvolvimento sustentável.
huge amounts of data effortlessly. It wouldn’t even take breaks
e) Apenas veículos movidos a biocombustível são
to play Farmville.
admitidos na frota da GE Capital.
(…)

176
9) (ITA 2011) A opção que traduz the company’s long-term
transport needs (linha 3) é
a) há tempos a empresa investe no suprimento de sua
necessidade de transporte.
b) as necessidades de transporte a longo prazo da empresa.
c) o suprimento da necessidade de um serviço de
transporte contínuo e eficaz para a empresa.
d) a empresa firma contratos de longo prazo para suprir
sua necessidade de transporte.
e) a empresa precisa de transporte a longo prazo.
10) (ITA 2011) Que tipo de serviço é anunciado pela GE
Capital?
a) Cardápios nutritivos.
b) Assistência ao produtor agrícola.
c) Locação de veículos.
d) Serviços de logística.
e) Soluções financeiras.
Texto para as questões 11 – 16
The Double Mirror
How Pakistan’s intelligence service plays both sides
By DAVID IGNATIUS
(...) I found that I couldn’t capture ISI’s nuances in
newspaper columns. So my eighth novel, Bloodmoney, is set
largely in Pakistan; it centers on a fictional ISI and a CIA
whose operations inside Pakistan have spun out of control. I
describe the director general of my imaginary ISI this way: “To
say that the Pakistani was playing a double game did not do
him justice; his strategy was far more complicated than that.”
This Janus-like quality is true of all intelligence services, I
suppose, but I have never seen an organization quite like the
ISI. It is at once very secretive and very open, yet ISI officials
get especially peeved at the charge of duplicity: “I can not go
on defending myself forever, even when I am not doing what I
am blamed for,” wrote one of my ISI contacts, after I had
written a column noting the organization’s “double game” with
the U.S. “I shall do what I think is good for PAKISTAN, my
country. I am sure you will do the same for US.”
What this official wanted me to understand was that
Pakistan was suffering under its own onslaught of terrorism.
An ISI briefer almost shouted at me in 2010: “Mr. David
Ignatius! Look at the casualties we have suffered fighting
terrorism!” We’re in alongside the U.S., ISI officials insist. Yet
they are caught in the backwash of an anti-American rhetoric
they help create. The ISI’s press cell feeds Pakistani
newspapers constantly; presumably, it thinks its U.S.-bashing
leaks will hide the reality of the ISI’s cooperation. But
the puppeteer has gotten caught in the strings. Anti-
Americanism has taken a virulent form that threatens the ISI
too.
ISI = Inter-Services Intelligence
Time, May 23, 2011 Essay
Adaptado.
11) (ITA 2011) Segundo o texto, é possível afirmar que
a) há particularidades no modo de agir da ISI que o autor
nunca viu em organizações semelhantes.
b) a ISI trata com virulência a questão do
antiamericanismo para que ele não contamine suas
fileiras.
c) Bloodmoney é uma novela encenada, em grande parte,
no Paquistão.
d) as operações da ISI e da CIA, no Paquistão, fugiram de
controle.
177
e) o autor é correspondente jornalístico no Paquistão.
12) (ITA 2011) Segundo o texto, a ISI é uma organização
a) contraditória.
b) corporativa.
c) terrorista.
d) cooperativa.
e) autoritária.
13) (ITA 2011) A opção cujo significado mais se aproxima do
vocábulo peeved (linha 11) é
a) mistrustful.
b) challenged.
c) irritated.
d) worried.
e) encouraged.
14) (ITA 2011) A palavra casualties (linha 20)
a) é sinônimo de eventualities.
b) pode ser entendida como desgastes.
c) expressa uma relação de causa e consequência.
d) é o mesmo que ataques.
e) pode ser substituida por losses.
15) (ITA 2011) A sentença I cannot go on defending myself
forever, even when I am not doing what I am blamed for
(linhas 11 – 13), sugere que aquele que a pronunciou
a) seguramente carrega consigo alguma culpa.
b) se autocondena ao tentar explicar-se.
c) se responsabiliza pela própria defesa.
d) se defende de uma acusação formal.
e) está farto de defender-se do que não faz.
16) (ITA 2011) A opção que corresponde à expressão the
puppeteer has gotten caught in the strings (linha 26) é
a) mentira tem perna curta.
b) o tiro saiu pela culatra.
c) para bom entendedor, meia palavra basta.
d) prevenir é melhor que remediar.
e) uma mão lava a outra.
Texto para as questões 17 e 18
Artist Detained In Growing Crackdown
BEIJING
Ai Weiwei, China’s most prominent dissident after imprisoned
Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo, was detained April 3 at the Beijing
airport as he tried to board a flight to Hong Kong. Perhaps best
known for codesigning the 2008 Beijing Olympic stadium
known as the Bird’s Nest, Ai is an outspoken critic of the
government an has been detained several times. During one
period in custody, he was allegedly beaten so badly that he
required brain surgery. This arrest comes amid a widespread
crackdown touched off by online calls for a Tunisian-style
“jasmine revolution.” Over the past several weeks, at least 26
activists have been detained, 200 have been put under house
arrest, and more than 30 have disappeared.
Time, April 18, 2011.
17) (ITA 2011) Segundo o texto, Ai Weiwei
a) alegou ter sido severamente torturado.
b) foi preso devido a um recrudescimento da repressão na
China.
c) embarcou num voo para Hong Kong.
d) foi preso por incitar uma revolução nos moldes da
tunisiana.
e) foi quem projetou o estádio olímpico de Pequim.
18) (ITA 2011) Segundo o texto,
a) Liu Xiaobo foi preso em 3 de abril no aeroporto de
Pequim.
b) houve, na China, incitação à revolução via Internet.
c) Ai Weiwei é o mais proeminente dissidente chinês.
d) a prisão domiciliar é prática frequente em território
chinês.
e) Ai Weiwei faz críticas veladas ao regime vigente.
Texto para as questões 19 – 22
19) (ITA 2012) No contexto em que se insere, “external
stuff”, no quarto quadro da tirinha, foi interpretado, pelo
entrevistado, como
a) funcionários terceirizados.
b) exames de rotina para contratação.
c) informações de menor importância.
d) dados de veracidade questionável.
e) dados investigados externamente.
20) (ITA 2012) Segundo a tirinha, em uma entrevista de
trabalho
a) está cada vez mais difícil falsear informações pessoais.
b) a empresa contratante exige uma série de exames
clínicos que atestem a saúde do candidato.
c) a atitude do candidato é comprovada através de
detalhada investigação laboratorial.
d) o desempenho do entrevistado é de suma importância
para a construção de sua imagem.
e) as informações sobre o entrevistado, disponíveis online,
não são mais importantes do que sua atitude e
apresentação pessoal.
21) (ITA 2012) “Tanning bed”, no penúltimo quadro da
tirinha
a) foi mencionado para ocultar um MRI.
b) refere-se a uma atitude do entrevistado.
c) refere-se a um tipo de cama utilizada para relaxamento.
d) é sinônimo de MRI.
e) é um tipo de exame.
22) (ITA 2012) A palavra “landed”, na sentença “apparently
some of your sample landed [...]”, no sexto quadro da
tirinha, pode ser substituída por
a) stopped.
b) ended up.
c) was included.
d) arrived.
e) was caught.
178
Texto para as questões 23 – 28
5 Ways To Turn Fear Into Fuel
Editor’s note: This is a guest post from Jonathan Fields,
author of Uncertainty: Turning Fear and Doubt Into Fuel for
Brilliance.
Uncertainty. It’s a terrifying word.
Living with it, dangling over your head like the sword of
Damocles, day in day out, is enough to send anyone spiraling
into a state of anxiety, fear and paralysis.
Like it or not, though, uncertainty is the new normal. We
live in a time where the world is in a state of constant, long-
term flux. And, that’s not all. If you want to spend your time on
the planet not just getting-by, but consistently creating art,
experiences, businesses and lives that truly matter, you’ll need
to proactively seek out, invite and even deliberately amplify
uncertainty. Because the other side of uncertainty is
opportunity.
Nothing great was ever created by waiting around for
someone to tell you it’s all going to be okay or for perfect
information to drop from the sky. Doesn’t happen that way.
Great work requires you to act in the face of uncertainty, to live
in the question long enough for your true potential to emerge.
There is no alternative.
When you find the strength to act in the face of uncertainty,
you till the soil of genius.
Problem is, that kills most people. It leads to unease,
anxiety, fear and doubt on a level that snuffs out most
genuinely meaningful and potentially revolutionary endeavors
before they even see the light of day. Not because they
wouldn’t have succeeded, but because you never equipped
yourself to handle and even harness the emotional energy of
the journey.
But, what if it didn’t have to be that way?
What if there was a way to turn the fear, anxiety and self-
doubt that rides along with acting in the face of uncertainty—
the head-to-toe butterflies—into fuel for brilliance?
Turns out, there is. Your ability to lean into the unknown
isn’t so much about luck or genetics, rather it’s something
entirely trainable. I’ve spent the past few years interviewing
world-class creators across a wide range of fields and pouring
over research that spans neuroscience, decision-theory,
psychology, creativity and business.
Through this work, a collection of patterns, practices and
strategies have emerged that not only turbocharge insight,
creativity, innovation and problem-solving, but also help
ameliorate so much of the suffering so often associated with
the pursuit of any creative quest.
Fonte: http://zenhabits.net/fearfuel. Acesso em 07/12/2011.
Texto adaptado.
23) (ITA 2012) De acordo com a ideia central do texto, a
incerteza
a) é comum nos dias de hoje e leva a um estado de
ansiedade e medo paralisante.
b) é normal nos dias de hoje e impede o desenvolvimento
das potencialidades.
c) é normal nos dias de hoje mas também pode
proporcionar oportunidades.
d) embora natural nos dias de hoje, pode até levar à morte.
e) embora seja objeto de estudo de diversas áreas de
conhecimento, nenhuma desenvolveu mecanismos para
sua total superação.
24) (ITA 2012) Na sentença “When you find the strength to
act in the face of uncertainty, you till the soil of genius”
(linhas 19 e 20), o vocábulo “till” tem o mesmo significado
de
a) crop.
b) until.
c) stir.
d) cultivate.
e) still.
25) (ITA 2012) Escolha a opção que apresenta a mesma ideia
da afirmação a seguir: “Your ability to lean into the
unknown isn’t so much about luck or genetics, rather
it’s something entirely trainable” (linhas 32 – 34).
a) Your ability to deal with the unknown isn’t a matter of
genetics but luck.
b) Your ability to deal with the unknown has nothing to do
with genetics or luck but training.
c) Your ability to deal with the unknown rather than being
simply about genetics is equally a matter of luck and
training.
d) Your ability to deal with the unknown, instead of being
simply a matter of luck and genetics, is mainly
something trainable.
e) Your ability to deal with the unknown, instead of being
entirely trainable, is mainly a matter of luck and
genetics.
26) (ITA 2012) A expressão “The head-to-toe butterflies”
(linha 31), no contexto em que se insere, significa
a) incertezas que confundem a mente.
b) autoquestionamentos que imobilizam o corpo da cabeça
aos pés.
c) aflições que acabam interferindo no bom funcionamento
do organismo.
d) sensação de formigamento nas extremidades do corpo.
e) medos e anseios que dão a sensação de “frio na barriga”.
27) (ITA 2012) No contexto em que se insere, a afirmação
“turns out, there is” (linha 32) pode ser entendida como:
a) é possível transformar medo e ansiedade em algo
construtivo.
b) o medo e a ansiedade levam à inação.
c) a incerteza transforma o medo em ansiedade e dúvida.
d) temores estão geralmente associados à incerteza.
e) há um caminho no qual temores e incertezas andam
juntos.
28) (ITA 2012) Na linha 5, “Like it or not”
a) refere-se à espada de Damocles.
b) significa sendo ou não sendo como descrito no texto.
c) refere-se à normalidade da incerteza nos dias atuais.
d) significa goste disso ou não goste.
e) refere-se aos sentimentos desencadeados pela incerteza.
29) (ITA 2012) Leia o anúncio abaixo e assinale a opção que
substitui corretamente a afirmação “so should your
airline”.
179
a) Your airline should offer its clients a wider range of
businesses.
b) Business should cross borders and also should your
airline.
c) Your airline should invest more in business worldwide.
d) Business crosses borders and your airline should, too.
e) Your airline should keep on doing business abroad so as
to improve its results.
Texto para as questões 30 – 32
Reboot the School
SALMAN KHAN’S YOUTUBE LESSONS HAVE
ALREADY MADE HIM A GEEK CELEBRITY.
NOW HE WANTS TO REINVENT HOMEWORK, BANISH
CLASSROOM LECTURES—AND MAYBE SAVE
EDUCATION
Fifth-graders at Eastside College Preparatory School in East
Palo Alto, Calif., sit at their desks with netbooks. They're in the
middle of a math lesson, listening as a teacher explains how to
convert percentages to decimals. "If we get rid of the percent
sign, we just have to move the decimal sign two places to the
left," the instructor says. Pens scribble across notebooks.
Eleven thousand miles away in Accra, Ghana, students at
the African School for Excellence are studying logarithms.
Their teacher is the same one firing off math tips in California–
both groups of kids are learning by watching online videos.
While the screen shows a march of equations and diagrams, the
students never actually see the face of the lecturer. There's just
a voice, deep, patient and unrehearsed—think NPR host
crossed with Mister Rogers. His inflection rises at times to
underscore a point or when he gets really excited. "Math is not
just random things to memorize and regurgitate on a test next
week," he says. "It's the purest way of describing the universe!"
The voice belongs to Salman Khan, a 35-year-old hedge-
fund manager turned YouTube professor to millions around the
world. Thanks to his Khan Academy, an online repository of
some 3,250 digital lectures, he has become a celebrity to
techies, educators and uncounted high schoolers cramming for
the AP biology test. His 18-minute discourse on the Krebs
cycle and cell metabolism has been viewed more than 675,000
times.
But Khan isn't satisfied with being the most famous teacher
ever to appear on a Web browser. He believes he has stumbled
onto a solution to some of education's most intractable
problems, with his video-driven teaching method at its heart.
He wants to fundamentally change the role of teachers in the
classroom—and redefine the concept of homework along the
way. And he has persuaded Bill Gates, Google's Eric Schmidt
and a minor constellation of other tech billionaires to back this
quest.
Education reform is notoriously difficult. K-12 schools are
debating everything from teacher evaluations to standardized
tests, with no consensus in sight. Universities, meanwhile, are
confronting massive budget cuts and new kinds of
competition—as dramatized by the recent turmoil at the
University of Virginia. Its board fired the president amid
worries that UVa wasn't keeping up with change and
embracing online education fast enough, then rehired her 16
days later after a backlash from students and faculty.
At all levels, there's plenty of skepticism about any tech-
centric approach to teaching. An estimated $65.7 billion was
spent in the U.S. last year on education technology, according
to research firm Gartner. But many educators say there is little
concrete proof of its benefits.
Khan is already butting up against veteran teachers nervous
about their roles in his brave new classroom. But the biggest
obstacle of all may be Khan himself. For all his grassroots
fandom and Silicon Valley cred, he's not an educator, and he's
never worked with children. Are parents and teachers ready to
upend hundreds of years of precedent about how basic subjects
are taught on the word of a guy who has spent more time
analyzing financial statements than standing before a
blackboard?
Fonte: Time, July 9, 2012. Texto adaptado.
30) (ITA 2012) Escolha a opção correta.
a) O texto descreve o método adotado para o ensino de
matemática na Eastside College Preparatory School, em
Palo Alto, Califórnia.
b) O uso da tecnologia está tão disseminado que em Gana,
África, substitui o professor no ensino de logaritmos.
c) Khan não é educador, mas pode ter encontrado a
solução para alguns problemas educacionais.
d) Cortes no orçamento provocaram demissão em massa e
tumulto na Universidade de Virgínia.
e) Nos vídeos online, não é possível ver o rosto do
professor; apenas se ouve a voz de Mister Rogers.
31) (ITA 2012) Assinale a opção correta, de acordo com o
texto.
a) Professores, de modo geral, acreditam que o ensino
centrado numa abordagem tecnológica pode ser a
grande promessa para o avanço educacional.
b) Khan quer contar com a ajuda de celebridades como
Bill Gates para vencer algumas resistências em relação
ao seu método educacional.
c) Há pais e professores que desconfiam da pretensão de
um profissional do mercado financeiro em substituir a
experiência educacional acumulada ao longo de muito
tempo.
d) Há descrença quanto à aplicação da abordagem de Khan
em crianças do ensino fundamental.
e) A maioria dos professores do ensino regular defende
uma proposta de ensino tradicional.
32) (ITA 2012) A palavra “actually” (linha 12)
a) está empregada com o mesmo significado de can.
b) é um cognato.
c) está relacionada à modernidade mencionada no texto.
d) é sinônimo de eventually.
e) equivale a really.
Texto para as questões 33 – 37
A HISTORY OF PI
The history of Pi, says the author, though a small part of the
history of mathematics, is nevertheless a mirror of the history
of man. Petr Beckmann holds up this mirror, giving the
background of the times when Pi made progress — and also
when it did not, because science was being stifled by
militarism or religious fanaticism. The mathematical level of
this book is flexible, and there is plenty for readers of all ages
and interests.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Petr Beckmann was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in
1924. Until 1963, he worked as a research scientist for the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, when he was invited as a
Visiting Professor to the University of Colorado, where he
180
decided to stay permanently as professor of electrical
engineering.
Dr. Beckmann has authored 11 books and more than 50
scientific papers, mostly on probability theory and
electromagnetic wave propagation. History is one of his side
interests; another is linguistics (he is fluent in five languages
and he has worked out a new generative grammar which
enables a computer to construct trillions of grammatical
sentences from a dictionary of less than 100 unprocessed
words).
He also publishes a monthly pro-science, pro-technology,
pro-free enterprise newsletter Access to Energy, in which he
promotes the viewpoint that clean energy can be made
plentiful, but that access to it is blocked by government
interference and environmental paranoia.
BECKMANN, Petr. A History of Pi. New York: Barnes &
Noble Books, 1983.
33) (ITA 2013) O texto foi extraído de um(a)
a) aba / orelha de livro.
b) prefácio de livro.
c) roteiro de leitura.
d) resenha literária.
e) ensaio literário
34) (ITA 2013) O livro A History of Pi
a) descreve grande parte da história da matemática e da
humanidade.
b) é direcionado apenas para iniciantes em matemática.
c) conta a história de Petr Beckmann em tempos de
repressão ao conhecimento.
d) associa conceitos matemáticos a fatos da vida cotidiana.
e) é acessível a um público diversificado.
35) (ITA 2013) No contexto deste texto, o item lexical
“stifled” (linha 5) pode ser traduzido por
a) sufocada.
b) desmascarada.
c) organizada.
d) promulgada.
e) institucionalizada.
36) (ITA 2013) Dentre os interesses de Petr Beckmann, NÃO
se encontra(m)
a) a divulgação científica.
b) a Geografia.
c) a História.
d) a pesquisa científica.
e) as línguas estrangeiras.
37) (ITA 2013) Indique o item lexical que pode substituir o
sublinhado no trecho “... mostly on probability theory
and electromagnetic wave propagation.” (linhas 16 e 17),
sem prejudicar o seu sentido.
a) absolutely
b) chiefly
c) inherently
d) randomly
e) utterly
38) (ITA 2013) A Grant Study, pesquisa realizada pela
Universidade de Harvard,
Harvard conducted one of the longest and most
comprehensive studies of human development — the 75
year old Grant Study — that’s reached some fascinating
conclusions regarding the recipe for leading a happy life.
The sample group was comprised of healthy male
Harvard college students who, over the course of their
 lifetime, agreed to meet with an array of scientists and
researchers who measured their psychological, physical
and anthropological traits. Though all identities are
confidential, it was recently discovered that John F.
Kennedy was a sample participant. Following these men
through times of war, their careers, parenthood and old
age, the Grant Study has amassed an exorbitant amount of
data that deeply reflects the human condition. What can
be concluded from seven decades of data? It is quite
simple actually; warm relationships between parents,
spouses, children and friends have the greatest impact on
your health and happiness in old age. The study found
that 93 percent of the sample group who were thriving at
age 65, had a close relationship with a sibling when they
were younger. As George Vaillant, the lead director of the
study states, it can all be boiled down into five simple
words: “Happiness is love. Full stop.” (Business Insider.)
http://www.goodnet.org/articles/1055 (acesso em
10/06/2013).
a) teve por objetivo investigar o comportamento de
pessoas idosas e felizes.
b) possibilitou o levantamento gigantesco de dados sobre
pesquisadores de Harvard.
c) comprovou que John F. Kennedy foi um homem
extremamente feliz.
d) chama-se the 75 year old Grant Study por ser
homenagem à faixa etária analisada.
e) comprovou que felicidade na vida adulta está atrelada às
relações afetivas ao longo da vida.
39) (ITA 2013) Pelo contexto, pode-se depreender que os
personagens são
a) dois alunos e um professor de matemática.
b) um aluno e dois professores de matemática.
c) pelo menos um professor de matemática.
d) três professores de matemática.
e) de identificação impossível.
Texto para as questões 40 – 45
DISTANT PEAK CAR
Carmakers worry that one day demand for cars will stop
rising. But that is a long way off.
IN 1924 FORD ran an advertisement headlined “His First
Car”, urging fathers to buy their teenage sons their first set of
wheels. The idea caught on. For boys, especially, learning to
drive became an essential part of growing up. By the late 1970s
86% of American 18-year-olds—of both sexes—had a driving
licence. But then the trend went into reverse: researchers at the
University of Michigan found that in 2010 only 61% of 18-
year-old Americans had licences. Other rich countries are
going the same way. Teenagers are showing less interest in cars
as they turn their attention to smartphones and social
networking.
181
This is a worry for carmakers, who are wondering where
their future customers are going to come from. In the two
decades to 2008 the number of miles driven by Americans in
their 20s fell by 8%. In Britain a study for the RAC
Foundation, a transport-research body, found a 30% drop
among men in the same age group between 1996 and 2006.
One reason for concern is that half the world’s population
now lives in towns and cities, which have only so much space
for cars. Even in rapidly growing car markets such as China,
city governments in the more prosperous parts of the country
are beginning to restrict new car registrations and invest
heavily in public transport.
Young urban residents may also be meeting up less often in
person, thanks to social-networking sites that let them keep in
touch digitally. So they have less need for a car, and when they
do need one they turn to car clubs, which offer rental by the
hour in their neighbourhood, and to car-sharing schemes. In
particular, the generation who came of age after 2000, the so-
called “millennials”, express a preference for having access to
rather than owning cars. But some of that may be just talk. In a
survey by McKinsey, American millennials said they expected
to use car clubs in the future, but when asked if owning a car
would remain an important status symbol, they were much
more likely to answer “yes” than older consumers.
Economic factors, too, work against car ownership. Sheryl
Connelly, Ford’s “global trends and futuring” manager, notes
that a few decades ago teenagers in America often got free
driving lessons at school, but now they may have to pay up to
$800 for them before they can sit their test. The cost of adding
a young driver to the family’s car-insurance policy too has
risen sharply, she says. In Britain the RAC Foundation study
found that fewer young men are driving because their
employers have cut back on providing company cars.
However, studies also show a marked rise in the proportion
of elderly people with driving licences. Baby-boomers pretty
much all learned to drive, and now that they are beginning to
retire they expect to continue motoring. The development of
assisted driving, followed one day by fully automated cars, will
allow them to stay mobile for much longer.
What may be happening in rich countries is a one-off shift
in the timing of people’s driving careers, so that they start later
but then continue well into old age. This may be no bad thing
for carmakers. It has long been an open secret in the business
that cars are advertised as being for the young but are bought
mainly by the middle-aged with the necessary disposable
income. In America the average Mercedes buyer is in his late
50s, and even the supposedly youth-oriented MINI Cooper is
typically bought by people in their early 40s. The world’s
biggest car markets—China, North America and Europe—are
all greying.
So it is not clear that declining car ownership among young
urbanites will have more than a marginal effect on overall car
sales. Besides, argues Renault-Nissan’s Mr Ghosn, for most
people “their car is more than an object.” For some it is an
extension of their home, he says, and most people would rather
not share their home. For others it is their pet, and who wants
to share their pet?
All in all, “peak car”— the point at which worldwide
demand for cars will stop rising—still seems quite a long way
off. In the rich world some of the economic factors that have
deterred young people from taking up driving will fade away:
as cars become increasingly self-piloting and accident rates
fall, insurance costs should decrease, and in time there will be
little or no need to take expensive lessons.
The Economist, April 20th, 2013.
40) (ITA 2013) Uma das razões para o menor uso de carros por
jovens nos últimos anos é o(a)
a) desinteresse em usar carro como símbolo de status
social.
b) realização de festas em clubes particulares.
c) falta de segurança nas grandes cidades.
d) uso de redes sociais digitais.
e) insuficiência de estacionamentos e alto custo das vagas
privativas.
41) (ITA 2013) Considere as sentenças:
I. A geração millennials não se incomoda com status social.
II. A geração millennials já atingiu os 40 anos de idade.
III. A geração baby boomers faz parte dos apreciadores da
fabricante de carros Mercedes.
Está(ão) correta(s)
a) apenas I.
b) apenas II.
c) apenas III.
d) apenas I e II.
e) apenas I e III.
42) (ITA 2013) Assinale a opção correta.
a) O modelo MINI Cooper foi idealizado para o público
consumidor jovem, apesar da maior comercialização
para pessoas na faixa dos 40 anos.
b) O mercado automobilístico em ascensão é constituído
exclusivamente por consumidores aposentados.
c) De acordo com a Fundação RAC, houve uma queda de
30% nos percursos feitos pelos americanos.
d) O declínio de vendas de carro para o público jovem está
diretamente relacionado ao alto custo de aulas de
direção.
e) Veículos fretados e transporte solidário estão entre as
opções dos jovens chineses que não compram veículos.
43) (ITA 2013) De acordo com o texto, a expressão “a long
way off” (no subtítulo e nas linhas 70 e 71) pode ser
entendida como
a) eminente retrocesso.
b) acontecimento a longo prazo.
c) grande possibilidade.
d) evento fora de cogitação.
e) preocupação factível.
44) (ITA 2013) A expressão “this is a worry for carmakers”
(linha 12) resgata o(a)
a) decréscimo do número de habilitações para motoristas
britânicos.
b) generalização da baixa venda de veículos.
c) pequena disponibilidade de estacionamentos.
d) menor interesse dos jovens por carros.
e) demora no amadurecimento dos adolescentes
americanos.
45) (ITA 2013) Considere as sentenças:
I. Houve queda no número de motoristas na Inglaterra até
1996.
II. No passado, estudantes americanos geralmente tinham
aulas gratuitas de direção.
III. A propaganda “His First Car” tinha como público alvo
pais de jovens rapazes.
Está(ão) correta(s)
a) apenas I.
182
b) apenas II.
c) apenas III.
d) apenas I e II.
e) apenas II e III.
Texto para as questões 46 – 48
THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE
One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got
an email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie Mellon’s vice
president for advancement. She told me a story.
She said she had been driving home from work the night
before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible. It
was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man had
his top down and all his windows lowered. His arm was
hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were
tapping along to the music on his radio. His head was bobbing
along, too, as the wind blew through his hair.
Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the
side, she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face,
the kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s
all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself
thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating
this day and this moment.”
The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s
when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,”
she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!”
She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my
cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email,
she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private
moment, I was obviously in high spirits. Robbee wrote in her
email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you
made my day, reminding me of what life is all about.”
I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it as
a feedback loop of sorts.
It has not always been easy to stay positive through my
cancer treatment. When you have a dire medical issue, it’s
tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had
wondered whether a part of me was acting when I was with
other people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong
and upbeat. Many cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave
front. Was I doing that, too?
But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment.
I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She certainly saw me as I
was that evening.
Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to
me. She had given me a window into myself. I was still fully
engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK.
Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion,
2008. p.64-65
46) (ITA 2014) O autor do texto
a) utiliza a dissertação e a descrição como tipologia textual
predominante.
b) é narrador observador e mescla discursos direto, indireto
e indireto livre.
c) usa foco narrativo em primeira pessoa configurando o
texto autobiográfico.
d) utiliza linguagem coloquial nos diálogos para externar
seus sentimentos.
e) recorre a figuras de pensamento para compor o gênero
dramático.
47) (ITA 2014) De acordo com as informações no texto,
Robbee Kosak
a) descreveu detalhadamente o cenário do seu primeiro
encontro com Randy Pausch.
b) sentiu-se atraída pelo veículo de Randy Pausch devido à
alta velocidade dele.
c) escreveu palavras motivadoras a Randy Pausch porque
desejava reanimá-lo.
d) caracterizou o motorista do veículo como uma pessoa
satisfeita e de bem com a vida.
e) ocupava o cargo de Vice-Presidente na empresa
presidida por Randy Pausch.
48) (ITA 2014) A frase “She had given me a window into
myself” (linha 39) expressa
a) percepção que Robbee Kosak transmitiu de si própria
para Pausch.
b) visão reduzida que o autor transmitiu sobre seu lado
otimista.
c) aparência distorcida de uma personalidade extrovertida.
d) constatação de que Randy Pausch não transmitia
vontade de viver.
e) percepção do narrador sobre algo de que ele não se dava
conta.
Texto para as questões 49 – 51
IRON MAN DESIGNERS TO BUILD BODY ARMOUR
FOR US ARMY
Hollywood special effect team is working on a new Iron
Man 'agile exoskeleton' for US soldiers
The Oscar-nominated special effects team behind the Iron
Man suit has been contracted to design body armour for the US
military.
Legacy Effects, a Hollywood design studio based in
California, has previously worked on power suits for films such
as RoboCop, Captain America, The Terminator and Iron Man.
Now, the company is building body armour equipped with an
"agile exoskeleton" that will allow soldiers to carry hundreds of
pounds of equipment, the Wall Street Journal reports.
"We are trying to be revolutionary," said Mike Fieldson,
who manages the US military project known as the Tactical
Assault Light Operator Suit (Talos).
Three prototypes have been presented to the Pentagon by
teams of bioengineers, technologists and a Canadian company
that studies insect and animal exoskeletons. The prototypes
will contribute to the creation of a new generation of body
armour which the US Special Operations Command aims to
complete within four years.
The suits are designed to protect soldiers from bullets,
explosions and bayonet attacks.
Legacy Effects admits that bringing an Iron Man to life
presents significant challenges. For one thing, a real-life
version of the suit would add extra bulk to a soldier limiting his
or her agility. Also, the company estimates that the Iron Man
suit would probably weigh about 180kg, and would need to be
supported by a mobile exoskeleton, but "none of the
exoskeletons in the industry are capable of moving that much
weight", SlashGear reports.
Russ Angold of Ekso Bionics, a company that designs
exoskeletons for medical use, says that power armour in films
offer an unrealistic model, so engineers are presently trying to
make the suits more practical. "Hollywood has definitely made
the Iron Man suit impossibly thin, impossibly light, impossibly
agile and impossibly energy efficient. So we're really trying to
183
solve the problem and ask the question: What would Iron Man
look like if it was real?"
The US military has so far spent about $10 million on
Talos, prompting the armed services committee to request a
briefing on the project to ensure taxpayer money is not being
wasted.
"Will you ever have an Iron Man? I don't know," said Brian
Dowling, a former soldier involved in the project. "But you'll
have some greatly improved technology along the way".
Fonte: http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/59323/iron-man-
designers-to-build-body-armour-for-us-army
Acesso: 13/ago/2014
49) (ITA 2014) O projeto Talos
a) tem por objetivo construir uma prótese a ser usada por
soldados americanos.
b) foi idealizado há quatro anos e três protótipos foram
apresentados.
c) é constituído por uma equipe formada por militares
americanos e pesquisadores aposentados.
d) conta com a participação do studio que desenvolveu a
armadura do Iron Man.
e) faz parte de um projeto mais amplo desenvolvido pela
empresa americana Legacy Effects.
50) (ITA 2014) A empresa Legacy Effects
a) tem experiência em criar roupas especiais para filmes
americanos famosos.
b) tem como sede o estado da Califórnia e prevê um gasto
de 10 milhões no projeto Talos.
c) é uma das parceiras do exército americano na
idealização de exoesqueleto para uso médico.
d) aceitou o desafio do projeto Talos e garante cumprir
todos os objetivos que o projeto impõe.
e) baseou-se nos estudos de exoesqueletos de animais e de
insetos para criar o protótipo americano.
51) (ITA 2014) A vestimenta idealizada no projeto Talos
deverá satisfazer apenas uma das condições abaixo:
a) não ultrapassar o orçamento de 10 milhões de dólares
previsto pelo governo americano.
b) ajustar-se ao corpo humano independentemente do peso
e do tamanho do usuário.
c) oferecer condições de realizar operações militares
carregando muito peso.
d) auxiliar o soldado em combate, aumentando o tempo em
incursões militares não motorizadas.
e) ser funcional e conter bateria duradoura e recarregável
por energia solar.
Texto para as questões 52 – 55
STICKERNOMICS
Football albums
Got, got, got, got, got, need
THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children
worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults) the race to
complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini,
an Italian firm, has produced sticker albums for World Cups
since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to
collect. Collecting them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting
every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the
value of statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.
When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they
come in packs of five) has a 640/640 probability of being
needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack
and finding a sticker you want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy
and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of
Geneva, the number of sticker packs that you would have to
buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack
after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock
to the market (the theft of hundreds of thousands of stickers in
Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of
cards).
It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini
says that each sticker is printed in the same volumes and
randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and
Velenik gamely played the role of “regulator” by checking the
distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in
Switzerland for that year’s World Cup. Out of their sample of
6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on
average (6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.
Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs
as an individual (not to mention bloody expensive for the
parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to
swap their unwanted stickers. The playground is one version of
this market, where a child who has a card prized by many
suddenly understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs
are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The more
people who can be attracted into the market with their duplicate
cards, the better the chances of finding the sticker you want.
Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute
sticker-swappers would need a mere 1,435 packs between them
to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of Panini’s
practice of selling the final 50 missing stickers to order.
Internet forums, where potentially unlimited numbers of people
can swap stickers, make this number fall even further. The idea
of a totally efficient market should dismay Panini, which will
sell fewer packs as a result. But as in all markets, behaviour is
not strictly rational. Despite entreaties, your correspondent’s
son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of
Lionel Messi.
Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-
economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-need-stickernomics
Acesso: 13/ago/2014
52) (ITA 2014) O autor do texto
I. atribui ao roubo de milhares de figurinhas no Brasil a
dificuldade para compra e troca entre colecionadores.
II. deprecia as estratégias do Grupo Panini para
comercializar álbuns de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo.
III. descreve o mercado de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo e
apresenta aos colecionadores possibilidades de obtenção de
figurinhas.
Está(ão) correta(s)
a) apenas a I.
b) apenas a II.
c) apenas a III.
d) apenas I e II.
e) apenas I e III.
53) (ITA 2014) De acordo com o texto,
a) a empresa Panini comercializa álbuns de figurinhas da
Copa do Mundo há 30 anos.
b) é impossível completar o álbum sem que os
colecionadores recorram a feiras e redes sociais.
c) são necessárias 1.500 figurinhas para completar um
álbum.
d) a empresa Panini disponibiliza a venda das 50
figurinhas faltantes aos colecionadores.
184
e) o processo de confecção e distribuição das figurinhas é
feito aleatoriamente pela Panini.
54) (ITA 2014) De acordo com o texto, Sardy e Velenik
a) insistem a formação de grupos de 10 colecionadores
para facilitar o preenchimento total de álbuns de
figurinhas.
b) fiscalizam a compatibilidade entre a produção de
figurinhas e sua comercialização desde 2010.
c) verificaram na Suíça a repetição de aproximadamente 9
vezes cada figurinha em um lote de 6.000 figurinhas.
d) são matemáticos pesquisadores da empresa Panini,
responsáveis pela distribuição das figurinhas.
e) consideram que as práticas de obtenção de figurinhas da
Copa do Mundo são injustas e manipuláveis.
55) (ITA 2014) Em “Despite entreaties, your
correspondent’s son is prepared to tear out most of his
stickers to get hold of Lionel Messi” (linhas 45 – 47),
depreende-se que o autor
a) reconhece que também faz parte do grupo de
colecionadores fanáticos por álbuns de figurinhas.
b) se dispõe a tudo para conseguir a figurinha de Lionel
Messi para o filho.
c) busca adquirir as figurinhas mais disputadas para seu
filho por meio das redes sociais.
d) inclui-se no grupo de colecionadores insensatos de
figurinhas de Copa de Mundo 2014.
e) vivencia em casa o esforço de um colecionador para
obter uma única figurinha.
Texto para as questões 56 e 57
56) (ITA 2014) A relação semântica entre os dois quadros é de
a) corroboration.
b) contradiction.
c) substantiation.
d) establishment.
e) reinforcement.
57) (ITA 2014) A reportagem anunciada na tirinha
a) mostra a relação direta entre obesidade e consumo de
produtos calóricos.
b) divulga um estudo científico com o objetivo de mudar o
comportamento da audiência.
c) demonstra indiferença com relação ao tema.
d) estimula o uso de redes sociais para divulgar produtos
dos patrocinadores.
e) revela que 70% das pessoas com sobrepeso são
sedentárias.
Texto para as questões 58 – 61
Brazil’s business Belindia – Why the country produces
fewer world-class companies than it should
BRAZILIANS make up almost 3% of the planet’s
population and produce about 3% of its output. Yet of the firms
in Fortune magazine’s 2014 “Global 500” ranking of the
biggest companies by revenue only seven, or 1.4%, were from
Brazil, down from eight in 2013. And on Forbes’s list of the
2,000 most highly valued firms worldwide just 25, or 1.3%,
were Brazilian. The country’s biggest corporate “star”,
Petrobras, is mired in scandals, its debt downgraded to junk
status. In 1974 Edmar Bacha, an economist, described its
economy as “Belindia”, a Belgium-sized island of prosperity in
a sea of India-like poverty. Since then Brazil has done far
better than India in alleviating poverty, but in business terms it
still has a Belindia problem: a handful of world-class
enterprises in a sea of poorly run ones.
Brazilian businesses face a litany of obstacles: bureaucracy,
complex tax rules, shoddy infrastructure and a shortage of
skilled workers—to say nothing of a stagnant economy. But a
big reason for Brazilian firms’ underperformance is less well
rehearsed: poor management. Since 2004 John van Reenen of
the London School of Economics and his colleagues have
surveyed 11,300 midsized firms in 34 countries, grading them
on a five-point scale based on how well they monitor their
operations, set targets and reward performance. Brazilian
firms’ average score, at 2.7, is similar to that of China’s and a
bit above that of India’s. But Brazil ranks below Chile (2.8)
and Mexico (2.9); America leads the pack with 3.3. The best
Brazilian firms score as well as the best American ones, but its
long tail of badly run ones is fatter.
Part of the explanation is that medium and large firms tend
to be better-organised than small ones, and not only because
well-run ones are likelier to grow. Brazil offers incentives
aplenty to stay bitty, such as preferential tax treatment for firms
with a turnover of no more than 3.6m reais ($1.3m). As they
expand, many firms split rather than face increased scrutiny
from the taxman. According to the World Bank, a midsized
Brazilian firm spends 2,600 hours filing taxes each year. In
Mexico, it is 330 hours.
Ownership patterns play a part too. Many Brazilian
concerns are controlled by an individual shareholder, or one or
two families. Two-thirds of those with sales of more than $1
billion a year are family-owned, notes Heinz-Peter Elstrodt of
McKinsey, a consulting firm. That is less than in Mexico
(96%) or South Korea (84%) but more than in America or
Europe. Mr Van Reenen’s research shows that where family
owners plump for outside chief executives, their firms do no
worse than similarly sized ones with more diverse
shareholders. But all too often they pick kin over professional
managers—and performance suffers. This is particularly true in
“low-trust” societies like Brazil, where bosses hire relatives
instead of better-qualified strangers to avoid being robbed or
sued for falling foul of overly worker-friendly labour laws.
Decades of economic turmoil—which ended when
hyperinflation was vanquished in 1994—meant that companies
were managed from crisis to crisis. This forced Brazilian firms
to be nimble. But it also encouraged short-termism, which
management consultants and academics finger as Brazilian
managers’ number-one sin. Faced with a record drought in
2014, and a subsequent spike in energy prices in a hydropower-
dependent country, Usiminas, a steelmaker, stopped smelting
185
and started selling power it had bought on cheap long-term
contracts. Energy sales made up most of its operating profits
that year. Such short-term stunts are hardly the path to long-
term greatness.
Worse, crisis management all too often consists of going
cap in hand to the government. Brazilian bosses continue to
waste hours in meetings with politicians that could be better
spent improving their businesses. In January 2014, as vehicle
sales flagged, the automotive industry’s reflex reaction was to
descend on the capital, Brasília, and demand an extension of its
costly tax breaks. Thanks to lifelines cast by the state, feeble
firms stay afloat rather than sink and make room for more agile
competitors. Shielded from competition by tariffs, subsidies
and local-content rules, they have little reason to innovate. A
locally invented gizmo which lets cars run on both petrol and
biodiesel is nifty. But, asks Marcos Lisboa of Insper, a business
school, does that really justify six decades of public support for
the motor industry?
The dead hand of government
Indeed, a glance at the “Belgian” end of Brazil’s corporate
landscape suggests that successful firms cluster in sectors the
state has not tried desperately to help, such as retail or finance.
Bradesco, a big lender, is internationally praised as a pioneer of
automated banking. Each month Arezzo creates 1,000 new
models of women’s shoes, and picks 170-odd to sell in its
shops.
Brazil’s other world-beaters are in industries like
agriculture and aerospace, which are free to compete at home
and abroad, and in which the government sticks to its proper
role. In 1990 farms were allowed to consolidate and to buy
foreign machines, pesticides and fertiliser. Efforts by Brazil’s
trade negotiators opened up export markets. JBS, a meat giant,
can slaughter 100,000 head of cattle a day, selling more beef
than any rival worldwide. Thanks in part to Embrapa, the
national agriculture-research agency, Brazilian farms have been
raising productivity by about 4% a year for two decades.
Similarly, a supply of skilled engineers and know-how from
the government’s Technological Institute of Aeronautics has
helped turn Embraer, privatised in 1994, into one of the
world’s most successful aircraft-makers.
The success of businesses such as these offers a lesson for
the state. The best way to make Brazil’s underperforming firms
more competitive would be to make them compete more.
Coddling by the state can be more a curse than a blessing.
Ronald Reagan’s dictum that the nine most terrifying words in
the English language are, “I’m from the government and I’m
here to help,” translates well into Flemish, Hindi and Brazilian
Portuguese.
By Schumpeter. In: The Economist. Feb 28th,2015.
58) (ITA 2015) Marque a opção cujo assunto não é
mencionado no texto.
a) Empresas familiares
b) Mão-de-obra qualificada
c) Incentivos fiscais
d) Encargos financeiros
e) Bolsa de valores
59) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o texto,
a) devido à crise financeira, as indústrias têxtil e agrícola
deixaram de fazer parte das empresas brasileiras mais
bem sucedidas no cenário mundial.
 b) “Belindia” é o termo usado pelo economista Edmar
Bacha para comparar a produtividade empresarial do
Brasil com a da Bélgica e a da Índia.
c) a pesquisa de Van Reenen diz que empresas familiares
brasileiras são prejudicadas por escolher parentes ao
invés de profissionais mais qualificados como gestores.
d) reuniões entre empresários brasileiros e políticos
contribuem para a inovação automotiva e a redução dos
impostos.
e) as revistas Fortune e Forbes revelam ascensão das
empresas brasileiras no ranking mundial de 2013 para
2014.
60) (ITA 2015) Marque, dentre as frases extraídas do texto,
aquela que expressa o posicionamento do autor com relação
ao papel do governo na gestão de empresas brasileiras.
a) Brazilian businesses face a litany of obstacles. (linha
15)
b) The best Brazilian firms score as well as the best
American ones. (linhas 25 e 26)
c) Many Brazilian concerns are controlled by an individual
shareholder or one or two families. (linhas 38 – 40)
d) Such short-term stunts are hardly the path to long-term
greatness. (linhas 62 e 63)
e) Coddling by the state can be more a curse than a
blessing. (linha 103)
61) (ITA 2015) O texto apresenta como modelos de gestão bem
sucedida e independente de auxílio do governo as empresas
a) Bradesco e Arezzo.
b) Embraer e Petrobras.
c) Arezzo e Embrapa.
d) Petrobrás e JBS.
e) JBS e Usiminas.
Texto para as questões 62 e 63
62) (ITA 2015) Os tipos de inteligência que se associam às
definições I, II, III e IV da figura são, respectivamente:
I II III IV
a) inter-personal | existential | intra-personal | linguistic
b) inter-personal | linguistic | intra-personal | existential
c) intra-personal | linguistic | inter-personal | existential
d) intra-personal | inter-personal | existential | linguistic
e) existential | linguistic | inter-personal | intra-personal
186
63) (ITA 2015) De acordo com a descrição dos tipos de
inteligência apresentados na figura,
a) pessoas capazes de visualizar objetos mentalmente de
vários ângulos são dotadas de inteligência espacial.
b) pessoas dotadas de inteligência lógico-matemática são
capazes de comprovar teoremas complexos.
c) pessoas preocupadas com o equilíbrio entre mente e
corpo e com a boa postura corporal são dotadas de
inteligência corporal-cinestésica.
d) pessoas dotadas de inteligência musical conseguem
identificar ritmos e notas musicais e tocam qualquer
instrumento.
e) pessoas dotadas de inteligência naturalista são leitores
vorazes de textos sobre a natureza.
Texto para as questões 64 – 67
Teflon was Invented by Accident
Today I found out Teflon was invented by accident.
The man who accidentally invented it was Dr. Roy
Plunkett. After receiving his BA, MS, and eventually PhD in
organic chemistry, Dr. Plunkett took a job with DuPont, in
Jackson New Jersey. He was subsequently assigned to work on
synthesizing various new forms of refrigerant, trying to find a
non-toxic alternative to refrigerants like sulfur dioxide and
ammonia.
According to DuPont, in 1938, 27 year old Dr. Plunkett and
his assistant, Jack Rebok, were experimenting with one such
potential alternative refrigerant, tetrafluorethylene (TFE). Dr.
Plunkett subsequently created around 100 pounds of TFE and
stored the gas in small cylinders.
On April 6, 1938, upon opening the valve on one of the
pressurized cylinders of TFE that had previously been frozen,
nothing came out, even though by its weight, it seemed to still
be full. Dr. Plunkett and Jack Rebok then decided to investigate
further by cutting the cylinder open. Once they managed to get
it open, they discovered that the TFE gas inside had
polymerized into a waxy white powder, polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) resin.
Ever the scientist, Plunkett then proceeded to run tests on
this new substance to see if it had any unique or useful
properties. Four of the most important properties of this
substance discovered were that it was extremely slippery (one
of the slipperiest substances known to man), non-corrosive,
chemically stable, and that it had an extremely high melting
point. These properties were deemed interesting enough that
the study of the substance was transferred to DuPont’s Central
Research Department and assigned to chemists that had special
experience in polymer research and development, while Dr.
Plunkett was then promoted and transferred to a separate
division that produced tetraethyl (sic), used to boost gasoline
octane levels.
Three years later, the process and name of Teflon were
patented and trademarked. Four years after that, Teflon first
began being sold, initially only used for various industrial and
military applications due to the expense of producing TFE. By
the 1960s, various forms of Teflon were being used in a variety
of applications, such as stain repellant in fabrics and electrical
wire insulation. It was also in the 1960s that Teflon began
being used in its most publicly known application, as a coating
for non-stick pans. Today, Teflon or other brands of the same
product are also used in windshield wipers; carpets and
furniture (as a stain repellant); light bulbs; coating on glasses;
in various hair products; in semiconductor manufacturing;
automotive lubricant; igniters for solid-fuel rocket propellants;
and in infrared decoy flares, among other things.
Adaptado de www.todayIfoundout.com (acesso em
19/07/2015).
64) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o texto, pode-se afirmar que
Dr. Roy Plunkett
a) é doutor em química orgânica e foi responsável pela
descoberta de substâncias tóxicas em sistemas de
refrigeração.
b) começou a atuar na empresa DuPont juntamente com
Jack Rebok em Nova Jersey em 1938.
c) foi responsável pela descoberta de uma resina não
corrosiva chamada PTFE.
d) provocou um acidente na empresa DuPont ao armazenar
o gás TFE em cilindros pequenos.
e) foi transferido para o Departamento Central de Pesquisa
da empresa a fim de se dedicar exclusivamente ao
estudo do PTFE.
65) (ITA 2015) Dentre as propriedades da resina PTFE citadas
no texto, não se inclui a
a) refrigerante
b) deslizante
c) quimicamente inerte
d) resistente à alta temperatura
e) não corrosiva
66) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o texto,
a) desde 1938, a empresa DuPont realiza estudos para
expandir o uso comercial da resina PTFE.
b) a comercialização do Teflon teve início em 1960, após
duas décadas de testes em diversos segmentos
industriais.
c) a descoberta da nova resina levou a DuPont a instituir
novo departamento na empresa para focar neste estudo.
d) a descoberta do Teflon ocorreu por acaso, quando
Plunkett e Rebok buscavam desenvolver compostos
químicos para sistemas de refrigeração.
e) a preocupação inicial da empresa DuPont era
desenvolver equipamentos de baixo custo e menos
agressivos ao meio ambiente.
67) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o texto, o tipo de indústria que
não se beneficia com as propriedades do Teflon é a
indústria
a) têxtil.
b) automobilística.
c) espacial.
d) farmacêutica.
e) cosmética.
Texto para as questões 68 – 71
Your Facial Bone Structure Has a Big Influence on How
People See You
(…) Selfies, headshots, mug shots — photos of oneself
convey more these days than snapshots ever did back in the
Kodak era. Most digitally minded people continually post and
update pictures of themselves at professional, social media and
dating sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Match.com and
Tinder. For better or worse, viewers then tend to make snap
judgments about someone’s personality or character from a
single shot. As such, it can be a stressful task to select the
photo that conveys the best impression of ourselves. For those
of us seeking to appear friendly and trustworthy to others, a
new study underscores an old, chipper piece of advice: Put on a
happy face.
187
A newly published series of experiments by cognitive
neuroscientists at New York University is reinforcing the
relevance of facial expressions to perceptions of characteristics
such as trustworthiness and friendliness. More importantly, the
research also revealed the unexpected finding that perceptions
of abilities such as physical strength are not dependent on
facial expressions but rather on facial bone structure.
The team’s first experiment featured photographs of 10
different people presenting five different facial expressions
each. Study subjects rated how friendly, trustworthy or strong
the person in each photo appeared. A separate group of subjects
scored each face on an emotional scale from “very angry” to
“very happy.” And three experts not involved in either of the
previous two ratings to avoid confounding results calculated
the facial width-to-height ratio for each face. An analysis
revealed that participants generally ranked people with a happy
expression as friendly and trustworthy but not those with angry
expressions. Surprisingly, participants did not rank faces as
indicative of physical strength based on facial expression but
graded faces that were very broad as that of a strong individual.
In a second survey facial expression and facial structure
were manipulated in computer-generated faces. Participants
rated each face for the same traits as in the first survey, with
the addition of a rating for warmth. Again, people thought a
happy expression, but not an angry one, indicated friendliness,
trustworthiness — and in this case, warmth. The researchers
then showed two additional sets of participants the same faces,
this time either with areas relevant to facial expressions
obscured or the width cropped. In the first variation, for faces
lacking emotional cues, people could no longer perceive
personality traits but could still perceive strength based on
width. Similarly, for those faces lacking structural cues, people
could no longer perceive strength but could still perceive
personality traits based on facial expressions.
In a third iteration of the survey participants had to pick
four faces out of a lineup of eight faces varied for expression
and width that they might select either as their financial advisor
or as the winner of a power-lifting competition. As might be
expected, participants picked faces with happier expressions as
financial advisors and selected broader faces as belonging to
power-lifting champs.
In a final survey the researchers generated more than 100
variations of one individual “base face” by varying facial
features. Participants saw two faces at a time, and then picked
one as either trustworthy or high in ability or as a good
financial advisor or power-lifting winner. Using these results, a
computer then created an average face for each of these four
categories, which were shown to a separate set of participants
who had to pick which face appeared either more trustworthy
or stronger. Most of the participants found the computer-
generated averages to be good representations of
trustworthiness or strength — and generally saw the average
“financial advisor” face as more trustworthy and the
“powerlifter” face as stronger. The findings from all four
surveys were published in the Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin on June 18.
Adaptado de www.scientific.american.com/article/your-facial-
bone-strecture-has-a-big-influence-on-how-people-see-
you.(acesso em 20/8/2015)
68) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o texto,
a) são relatados os resultados de quatro pesquisas
realizadas por neurocientistas ligados a empresas de
recursos humanos.
b) todos os estudos utilizaram o mesmo método para
analisar as fotos, mas os resultados são distintos.
c) as pesquisas foram encomendadas por gerenciadores de
redes sociais como o Facebook e o LinkedIn.
d) as pesquisas mostram que as pessoas avaliam a
confiabilidade observando as expressões faciais do
indivíduo.
e) os quatro estudos apresentam resultados totalmente
distintos no que se refere à afetuosidade.
69) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o texto,
a) fotos postadas em redes sociais determinam as
habilidades e competências de um candidato a emprego.
b) fotos digitais postadas nas redes sociais causam as
mesmas impressões sobre um indivíduo que fotos
analógicas.
c) a Universidade de Nova York pretende publicar as
pesquisas relatadas na reportagem para divulgar
características de competência e confiabilidade.
d) além de credibilidade e competência profissional, a
análise das faces revelou dados sobre força física e
condição socioeconômica.
e) a percepção da força física de um indivíduo está
relacionada à estrutura óssea da face e não à expressão
facial do indivíduo.
70) (ITA 2015) Considere as sentenças a seguir:
I. O primeiro estudo foi realizado com um grupo de 10
participantes e 3 avaliadores.
II. O segundo estudo ampliou o primeiro, incluindo a
avaliação sobre afetuosidade.
III. O terceiro estudo calculou a força física pela razão entre
altura e largura da face.
IV. O quarto estudo utilizou as mesmas imagens do
primeiro estudo.
Está(ão) correta(as)
a) apenas I e IV.
b) apenas a II.
c) apenas II e III.
d) apenas II e IV.
e) apenas a IV.
71) (ITA 2015) De acordo com o terceiro estudo,
a) rostos mais largos sinalizam pessoas mais felizes.
b) rostos mais finos indicam pessoas mais competentes.
c) rostos mais compridos indicam pessoas mais afetuosas.
d) rostos mais finos sinalizam pessoas mais confiáveis.
e) rostos mais largos indicam pessoas mais fortes
fisicamente.
Texto para as questões 72 – 76
FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CH ANGING DI
AGNOSIS
IT BEGAN WITH what she saw in the bathroom mirror.
On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom
of her Manhattan apartment. She casually checked her
reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory.
Immediately, she stiffened with fright.
Huh? What?
She didn‘t recognize herself.
She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this
what I look like? No, that‘s not me. Who‘s that in my mirror?
188
This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months
getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had
experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling
thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been
a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once,
she was leading a staff meeting when she had no idea what she
was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldn‘t
turn over.
“Fortunately I was the boss and I just said, ‘Enough of that;
Sally, tell me what you‘re up to,’” she would say of the
episode.
Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband,
Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He
showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening.
Finally, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall
which cord was which.
Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th
Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was
there.
So, yes, she had had inklings that something was going
wrong with her mind. She held tight to these thoughts. She
even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her
thinning memory to the infirmities of age.
“I thought she was getting like me,” he said. “I had been
forgetful for 10 years.”
But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was
the “drop-dead moment” when she had to accept a terrible
truth. She wasn‘t just seeing the twitches of aging but the early
fumes of the disease.
She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no
ignoring that something important had happened. She confided
her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a
neurologist.
“Before then I thought I could fake it,” she would explain.
“This convinced me I had to come clean.”
In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was
treating her migraines. He listened to her symptoms, took
blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard
cognitive test made up of a set of unremarkable questions and
commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward
from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: “No
ifs, ands or buts”; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold
it in half and place it on the floor beside her.)
He told her three common words, said he was going to ask
her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing a finger
at his head — remember those words. That simple. Yet when
he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she
would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as
Dr. Beach.
He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a
common precursor to Alzheimer‘s disease. The first label put
on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall
of what would come. Alzheimer‘s had struck her father, a
paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would
eventually find her.
Fonte:
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/livin
g-with-
alzheimers.html?action=click&contentCollection=Americas&
module= Trending&version=Full&region=
Marginalia&pgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016).
72) (ITA 2016) Quanto ao gênero textual, o texto pode ser
classificado como
a) sinopse de romance.
b) romance autobiográfico.
c) romance biográfico.
d) laudo psiquiátrico.
e) resenha médica.
73) (ITA 2016) Quanto à narrativa, o texto é apresentado
a) por narrador externo, que utiliza discursos direto e
indireto.
b) pela personagem principal, que relata ao leitor suas
limitações cognitivas.
c) por uma personagem que traz também a voz da
personagem principal.
d) pelo médico que busca apresentar informações sobre
Geri Taylor.
e) pela própria narradora, quando ainda tinha consciência
dos fatos de sua vida.
74) (ITA 2016) De acordo com o texto,
a) Geri Taylor ficou abatida com o diagnóstico de
Alzheimer e declarou ter sido nocauteada pela doença.
b) Jim Taylor procurou o médico para conversar sobre os
esquecimentos da esposa.
c) o neurologista teve certeza da doença de Geri Taylor
porque ela não conseguiu contar de 0 a 100.
d) Geri Taylor foi diagnosticada com um problema
cognitivo que normalmente precede o Alzheimer.
e) Jim Taylor preferiu não contar ao médico sobre as
doenças degenerativas na família da esposa.
75) (ITA 2016) Marque a opção correta quanto aos
procedimentos solicitados pelo neurologista a Geri Taylor.
a) Contar de 0 a 100 em intervalos de 7 em 7.
b) Repetir cinco palavras em intervalos curtos de tempo.
c) Dobrar uma folha de papel ao meio e posicioná-la no
chão.
d) Elaborar perguntas e respondê-las em sequência.
e) Citar frases populares bem conhecidas.
76) (ITA 2016) Marque a opção que contém a principal causa
da decisão de Geri Taylor em buscar diagnóstico médico.
a) Dificuldade de reconhecer sua própria imagem diante do
espelho.
b) Esquecimento de palavras importantes em reuniões de
trabalho.
c) Dificuldades recorrentes para lidar com a persiana do
quarto do casal.
d) Sensação de estar perdida em pontos da cidade por onde
tinha costume de circular.
e) Histórico de Alzheimer em pessoas da família, como o
próprio pai e parentes paternos.
Texto para as questões 77 e 78
INSIDE THE BILL GATES-BACKED ACCELERATOR
THAT'S TRAINING THE NEXT GENERATION OF
VENTURE CAPITALISTS
Lauren Gensler, FORBES STAFF
In an airy converted furniture store in Seattle‘s Pioneer
Square neighborhood, five novice impact fund managers from
Zimbabwe, Guatemala and the Netherlands are rehearsing the
sales pitches they‘ll make the next day to 60 mostly
institutional investors, representing $10 billion in capital.
The presentations will be a graduation ceremony of sorts.
Despite their impressive resumes, the five men have just
completed a four-week boot camp covering everything from
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term sheets, accounting and mezzanine debt structures to
dealing with corruption to defining and marketing their brands.
They‘ll head home with golden contacts (investor cocktail
hours were built into the packed schedule) and a commitment
for up to $500,000 in seed capital from Capria Accelerator, a
first-of-its-kind venture whose initial investors include
Microsoft cofounder (and world‘s richest man) Bill Gates.
One of those rehearsing is Patrick Makanza, 51, an M.B.A.
and veteran of Unilever and Barclays Bank, who quit a cushy
job at a top Zimbabwe private equity firm and launched Vakayi
Capital. The first fund being formed by Vakayi (which means
“to build”) will back for-profit businesses providing essential
services in Zimbabwe, which has per capita gross domestic
product of about $1,000. That fund will make loans (with an
option to convert some to equity) for an average of four years
to small and medium-size businesses that want to expand and
can‘t get adequate bank financing. Among potential
investments: an eye clinic that‘s building a new operating room
so it can double its daily procedures and bring down the cost of
cataract surgery; an education microlender; and a builder of
low-cost housing.
The next day, in their presentation, Makanza and his
Vakayi cofounder tackle head-on the tough issues they might
be asked about, including Zimbabwe‘s endemic corruption,
economic challenges and currency dramas–it squelched
hyperinflation in 2009 by switching to foreign currencies,
primarily the U.S. dollar. But in the question period Tracy
Washington, principal investment officer for the International
Finance Corp.‘s global private equity funds, lobs a personal
query at Makanza, a father of four who is partial to
conservative business suits and golf. “With your resume”, she
asks, “why get involved with so risky an enterprise, and will
you stick to it?” Makanza responds that he worked in venture
capital back in the 1990s and came to miss the highs and lows
of investing in early-stage entrepreneurs. “I still have at least
ten years to do this. … It‘s a real roller-coaster lifestyle. But I
enjoyed it, and I want to have more of that experience again.”
Impact investing – which aims to produce both financial
and social or environmental returns – is in vogue. Big names in
finance, from BlackRock to Goldman Sachs to Bank of
America Merrill Lynch, have been piling in recently, seeing it
as a way to appeal to the socially conscious Millennials now
building and inheriting wealth.
But this alternative asset class is still small – $77 billion
invested worldwide, according to a new survey from the Global
Impact Investing Network. To grow, it needs experienced,
hands-on fund managers, and those are in short supply,
particularly in areas with the greatest needs, such as sub-
Saharan Africa.
Fonte:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/laurengensler/2016/06/15/capria-
bill-gates-impact-investing-accelerator/#56afe1ab1dc4.
(Acesso em 07/07/2016).
77) (ITA 2016) De acordo com o texto,
a) cinco profissionais da área financeira, de diferentes
partes do mundo, preparam-se para apresentar suas
propostas a investidores.
b) o curso sobre gestão financeira realizado em Seattle, de
caráter eliminatório, teve duração de quatro semanas.
c) contatos profissionais são mais importantes do que o
domínio de conhecimentos específicos e teóricos.
 d) a comparação entre fundos de investimentos e a
expressão "montanha russa" deve-se ao panorama
econômico dos últimos dez anos.
e) investimento de impacto é uma tendência que agrega
obrigatoriamente retornos financeiro, social e ambiental.
78) (ITA 2016) É INCORRETO afirmar que Patrick Makanza
a) é um profissional experiente que deixou uma carreira
bem sucedida para se arriscar em um novo
empreendimento.
b) faz questão de envolver os quatro filhos na gestão de
todos os seus empreendimentos, apesar de ser um gestor
conservador.
c) lançou Vakayi Capital com o objetivo de oferecer
empréstimos a empresas que querem expandir, mas não
conseguem financiamento bancário adequado.
d) participa de um evento na cidade de Seattle, preparando-
se para responder perguntas sobre corrupção e riscos
financeiros no Zimbábue.
e) busca investir em empresas que prestem serviços
essenciais no Zimbábue, como, por exemplo, na área de
saúde, educação e habitação.
Texto para as questões 79 e 80
79) (ITA 2016) A terceira pessoa mostra-se incomodada devido
à/ao
a) incoerência das informações tratadas na conversa.
b) excesso de informações e à falta de privacidade.
c) impossibilidade de adquirir um smartphone.
d) fato de ser ignorada pelas pessoas que estão
conversando.
e) resistência pessoal quanto ao uso de aplicativos para
emagrecer.
80) (ITA 2016) Depreende-se da leitura que os aplicativos
a) podem ser instalados em qualquer modelo de aparelho
celular.
b) oferecem exatamente as mesmas facilidades às duas
usuárias.
c) registram informações nutricionais nos rótulos dos
alimentos.
d) impedem o consumo de alimentos de má qualidade
nutricional.
e) auxiliam as usuárias no controle da perda de peso.
Texto para as questões 81 – 83
STARSHOT PROJECT: STEPHEN HAWKING AND
MARK ZUCKERBERG LAUNCH MOST AMBITIOUS
ALIEN-FINDING PROJECT EVER
Tiny rockets are going to be sent into space to study the far
universe in the most ambitious space exploration project in
history.
Scientists including Stephen Hawking and backers such as
internet investor Yuri Milner and Mark Zuckerberg will send
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“nano craft” deep into space to explore the most remote regions
that humans have ever seen, by far. The hugely ambitious
project could reveal deep secrets of the universe and will allow
people to photograph one of the most likely places to hold life
on other worlds.
Professor Hawking said at the event: "What makes us unique is
transcending our limits. Gravity pins us to the ground, but I just
flew to America.
"How do we transcend these limits? With our minds and our
machines.
"The limit that confronts us now is the great void between us
and the stars. But now we can transcend it, with light beams,
light sails, and the lightest spacecraft ever built. Today we
commit to this next great leap into the cosmos, because we are
human and our nature is to fly.”
The Starshot Project hopes to get the tiny robots out to the
Alpha Centauri star system, 25 trillion miles away. Getting
there through normal means would take 30,000 years – but the
new project hopes that using the tiny rockets will allow them to
get there in just 20.
Scientists think that the Alpha Centauri system might well have
an Earth-like planet that could be found in its “habitable
zones”. The craft will be able to take pictures of those – a
potential way that they might find life on other worlds.
The crafts will be ―gram-scale nano craft‖, according to Yuri
Milner, which will make their way through space using a “sail
pushed by a light beam”. Their design will allow them to fly at
25 per cent of light speed. Those craft will be able to send back
images of possible planets and other scientific data, according
to the scientists behind it.
"The human story is one of great leaps,” Dr Milner said.
“Today we are preparing for the next great leap – to the stars.
"Can we literally reach the stars, and can we do it in our
lifetime?"
The tiny rockets are made up of computers that can be mounted
to a tiny “wafer”. Shrinking computer components mean that
all of the necessary parts – cameras, thrusters, power supply
and navigation equipment – can all be mounted on a tiny plate
that will be a fully functional space probe.
Before those are built, the project will have to create all of the
important parts on the ground. That includes the construction
of a light-beamer that can power the rockets and a
“mothership” that will be able to carry them all out into space
and launch them.
Because of economies of scale and the decreasing price of
computer components, the team will eventually be able to send
out the rockets for just a few hundred thousand dollars, they
said.
Fonte: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/starshot-
project-stephen-hawking-and-mark-zuckerberg-to-send-tiny-
rockets-to-alpha-centauriin-most-a6981101.html (acesso em
03/05/2016).
81) (ITA 2016) De acordo com o texto, o principal objetivo do
Projeto Starshot é
a) enviar robôs minúsculos para encontrar e investigar vida
alienígena inteligente em galáxias distantes.
b) encontrar planetas semelhantes à Terra, para os quais
humanos devam ser transportados dentro de vinte anos.
c) enviar "nanofoguetes" para a galáxia mais distante do
sistema solar, aonde nenhum ser humano seria capaz de
chegar.
 d) enviar foguetes minúsculos ao sistema estelar Alfa
Centauri a fim de obter imagens de seus planetas e
outros dados científicos.
e) alterar as leis da gravidade e transcender os limites da
ciência atual com nossas mentes e máquinas de forma
nunca antes imaginada.
82) (ITA 2016) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) os "nanofoguetes" percorrerão o trajeto em um
centésimo do tempo que uma espaçonave comum faria.
b) é esperado que os "nanofoguetes" cheguem ao sistema
estelar Alfa Centauri em apenas duas décadas.
c) o sistema Alfa Centauri se encontra a 25 trilhões de
quilômetros de distância da Terra.
d) o Projeto Starshot levará robôs minúsculos ao sistema
estelar Alfa Centauri em 30.000 anos.
e) a "nave-mãe" navegará a 25% da velocidade da luz até o
sistema Alfa Centauri.
83) (ITA 2016) Quanto à execução do Projeto Starshot, o texto
afirma que
a) os "nanofoguetes" serão constituídos por circuitos e
baterias autocarregáveis, a fim de facilitar o
arquivamento dos dados.
b) a última etapa para a criação dos "nanofoguetes" será
definir o tamanho da nave-mãe e de todos os seus
componentes.
c) as câmeras, os propulsores, as fontes de energia e os
equipamentos de navegação foram desenvolvidos em
um projeto anterior.
d) os investidores em componentes para computadores
comercializarão os "nanofoguetes" a fim de lucrar
centenas de milhares de dólares.
e) a economia de escala é um dos fatores que poderá
permitir o envio dos "nanofoguetes" ao espaço por
algumas centenas de milhares de dólares.
Texto para as questões 84 – 86
GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: CAN
LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER?
Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four
pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began
feeling happier. He explains why.
Let me tell you a bit about myself. I’m 35 years old, male,
single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing
company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro
neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a
neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. The
rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my
savings.
Some of you may think that I’m a loser: an unmarried adult
with not much money. The old me would have been way too
embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride.
But I honestly don’t care about things like that any more. The
reason is very simple: I’m perfectly happy just as I am. The
reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions.
Minimalism is a lifestyle in which you reduce your
possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare
essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the
pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, it has
also led to a more fundamental shift. It’s given me a chance to
think about what it really means to be happy.
We think that the more we have, the happier we will be. We
never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save
as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we
191
gradually start judging people by how much money they have.
You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so
you don’t miss out on success. And for you to make money,
you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes.
So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which I’d had
for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. I
feel more content now than I ever did in the past.
I wasn’t always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things,
believing that all those possessions would increase my self-
worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of
useless stuff, and I couldn’t throw anything away. I was a
natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an
interesting person.
At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself
with other people who had more or better things, which often
made me miserable. I couldn’t focus on anything, and I was
always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didn’t treat
women fairly. I didn’t try to change; I thought this was all just
part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy.
My apartment wasn’t horribly messy; if my girlfriend was
coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to
make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were
books stacked everywhere because there wasn’t enough room
on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or
twice, thinking that I would read them when I had the time.
The closet was crammed with what used to be my favourite
clothes, most of which I’d only worn a few times. The room
was filled with all the things I’d taken up as hobbies and then
gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust.
Conversational English workbooks I’d planned to study once I
had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, which of
course I had never once put a roll of film in.
It may sound as if I’m exaggerating when I say I started to
become a new person. Someone said to me: “All you did is
throw things away,” which is true. But by having fewer things
around, I’ve started feeling happier each day. I’m slowly
beginning to understand what happiness is.
If you are anything like I used to be – miserable, constantly
comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life
sucks – I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your
things. […] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy
happiness only makes us happy for a little while.
84) (ITA 2017) De acordo com o texto, Fumio
a) já foi casado, mas está solteiro no momento.
b) morou em Nakameguro por 10 anos.
c) mudou-se de Tóquio recentemente.
d) é editor em uma agência de publicidade.
e) mudou-se porque precisava quitar dívidas.
85) (ITA 2017) Antes da mudança, Fumio acumulava bens
materiais porque
a) queria vendê-los quando chegasse à velhice. ,
b) costumava julgar as pessoas pelos carros que possuíam.
c) queria desfrutar deles sem se preocupar com o futuro.
d) acreditava que as posses aumentariam a sua autoestima
e felicidade.
e) desejava impressionar a mulher que amava por meio de
suas posses.
86) (ITA 2017) Sobre Fumio, é correto afirmar que
a) a mudança para o novo apartamento fez com que suas
reservas financeiras aumentassem.
b) seu antigo apartamento era tão bagunçado que ele não
podia sequer receber a namorada.
 c) desperdiçava tempo e não conseguia manter o foco,
antes de aderir ao minimalismo.
d) orgulhava-se de ter um salário mais alto do que todos os
seus amigos.
e) era alcoólatra e violento com as pessoas, antes de mudar
o estilo de vida.
Texto para as questões 87 – 90
WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND
ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY
THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment
proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs
who write them plays an important but often hidden role in
shaping who is awarded funding and why.[…] We were given
access to government venture capital decision making meetings
in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that
VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out:
The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs
was radically different. And these differences have very real
consequences for those seeking funding — and for society in
general.
[…] Worldwide, government venture capital is important
for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting
innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are
not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment
of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of
the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central in
government VCs’ decision making.
In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and
run by women, although they are not granted a corresponding
proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned
businesses receive much less — only 13%–18%, the rest going
to male-owned companies.
This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we
were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-
making meetings and, more important, the conversations they
had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. […] We
observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99
(79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from
female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture
capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women
and five men. […]
Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically
produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities
opposite to those considered important to being an
entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility,
trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge.
Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers
leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their
entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly
described as being assertive, innovative, competent,
experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks.
We developed male and female entrepreneur personas
based on our findings […]. These personas highlight a few key
differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending
on their gender. Men were characterized as having
entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for
women was diminished. Many of the young men and women
were described as being young, though youth for men was
viewed as promising, while young women were considered
inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
192
aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience and
excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional
shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very
differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur.
Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a
role in who got funding and who didn’t. Women entrepreneurs
were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for
amount, whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they
asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their
applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. […]
Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution
of financing, but could also have other major consequences.
Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax
money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isn’t being
invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isn’t
only damaging for women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially
damaging for society as a whole.
87) (ITA 2017) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) o número de propostas feitas por mulheres representava
um terço do total de pedidos de investimento.
b) em virtude dos estereótipos de gênero, somente 16 das
candidatas receberam financiamento.
c) as empreendedoras que foram aprovadas receberam
somente 53% do total que requereram.
d) os homens conseguiram mais do que o dobro de
financiamento se comparados às mulheres.
e) 52% dos requerentes do gênero masculino tiveram seus
pedidos de financiamento aprovados.
88) (ITA 2017) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) na Suécia, as mulheres possuem cerca de um terço das
empresas e, proporcionalmente, conseguem
financiamento correspondente ao concedido a
empreendedores do sexo masculino.
b) foram observadas, pelo período de um ano, as reuniões
decisórias para a escolha de quais empreendedores
receberiam investimento de capital de risco pelo
governo sueco.
c) a análise do potencial de mercado ou do produto é
primordial na tomada de decisão sempre que há dúvidas
em relação ao potencial do empreendedor.
d) tendo em vista que os bancos não podem assumir
determinados riscos, o aporte de capital por parte do
governo desempenha um papel importante no incentivo
à inovação e ao crescimento.
e) a forma como os investidores (VCs) descrevem os
empreendedores desempenha um papel muito claro e
inquestionável na decisão de como os recursos
financeiros são distribuídos.
89) (ITA 2017) De acordo com as observações dos
pesquisadores, para os investidores (VCs)
a) excesso de entusiasmo causa desconfiança em relação a
controle emocional, no caso de mulheres.
b) cautela é positiva quando se trata de homens; porém, no
caso de mulheres, significa medo de arriscar.
c) juventude é vista como um aspecto promissor tanto para
mulheres quanto para homens.
d) agressividade e arrogância são consideradas
características negativas para ambos os gêneros.
e) experiência, conhecimento e competência são
características marcantes das mulheres.
90) (ITA 2017) Marque a opção que lista qualidades expostas
no texto que foram colocadas em dúvida em relação às
empreendedoras.
a) Experiência, cautela, juventude e liderança.
b) Potencial para inovação, competência, assertividade e
entusiasmo.
c) Entusiasmo, potencial de crescimento, confiabilidade e
competitividade.
d) Assertividade, conhecimento de mercado, competência
e determinação.
e) Conhecimento, credibilidade, experiência e
confiabilidade.
Texto para as questões 91 – 93
91) (ITA 2017) A mãe de Helga pergunta "What did you ever
see in that man?" porque
a) acha que ele não dá atenção a sua filha.
b) repara que ele trata Helga de forma rude.
c) percebe que Helga está chateada com ele.
d) suspeita que ele trate o cão melhor do que Helga.
e) observa que ele é um homem folgado.
92) (ITA 2017) O fato de Helga usar a expressão “Oh... now,
mother...”, significa que ela
a) concorda com sua mãe que cometeu um erro ao se casar
com Hägar.
b) vai contar à sua mãe porque se casou com Hägar.
c) está irritada com o comportamento do marido.
d) ficou incomodada com o comentário de sua mãe.
e) quer confessar para sua mãe o desânimo com o
casamento.
93) (ITA 2017) A ironia da mãe de Helga, ao afirmar: “I can
see that!”, reside no fato de que
a) ela vê quão bem Hägar trata Snert.
b) ela constata que Hägar trata Snert como se fosse um
serviçal.
c) Snert pode comer junto com a família.
d) Hägar passou a noite inteira ensinando truques para
Snert.
e) Hägar permite que Snert fique dentro da casa.
Texto para as questões 94 – 96
AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS,
FICTION AND CONTROVERSY
Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of
science fiction. Due to advances in neural sciences, it has
become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some
point in life, for example as a treatment of a neurodegenerative
disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for
sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions, as well as for
mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be achieved
193
pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings,
stimulation and drug delivery, by employing brain-machine
interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas.
In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically
evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation,
introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of
brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as
candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from
different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to systems
neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering.
The work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and
papers on philosophical and ethical issues are also welcome.
While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the
authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies
address the announced theme of brain augmentation.
Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic
must be within the scope of the section and journal to which
they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements.
Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript
to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer
review.
94) (ITA 2017) O texto é um(a):
a) artigo de opinião.
b) artigo científico.
c) resumo de projeto de pesquisa.
d) relato de experiência.
e) chamada para publicação
95) (ITA 2017) Considere as seguintes afirmações:
I. A melhoria ou o aumento das funções cerebrais pode ser
obtida via: estimulação farmacológica, interface cérebro-
máquina, implantes cerebrais ou mesmo remoção de
determinadas áreas do cérebro.
II. Atualmente, abordagens para melhoria das funções
cerebrais envolvem exclusivamente funções sensoriais,
cognitivas e motoras.
III. O aumento das funções cerebrais pode vir a ser usado
no tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas.
Com base no texto, estão corretas
a) apenas I e II.
b) apenas I e III.
c) apenas II e III.
d) apenas III.
e) todas.
96) (ITA 2017) Com base no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar
que estudos sobre a melhoria das funções cerebrais
a) devem-se aos avanços que foram conquistados no
campo das Neurociências.
b) são realizados tanto na esfera computacional quanto no
domínio experimental.
c) são realizados por cientistas de diferentes áreas.
d) ainda estão apenas no campo da ficção científica.
e) englobam questões de natureza ética e filosófica.
Texto para as questões 97 – 100
[…] A picture of Brighton beach in 1976, featured in the
Guardian a few weeks ago, appeared to show an alien race.
Almost everyone was slim. I mentioned it on social media, then
went on holiday. When I returned, I found that people were
still debating it. The heated discussion prompted me to read
more. How have we grown so fat, so fast? To my astonishment,
almost every explanation proposed in the thread turned out to
be untrue. […] The obvious explanation, many on social media
insisted, is that we’re eating more. […]
 So here’s the first big surprise: we ate more in 1976.
According to government figures, we currently consume an
average of 2,130 kilocalories a day, a figure that appears to
include sweets and alcohol. But in 1976, we consumed 2,280
kcal excluding alcohol and sweets, or 2,590 kcal when they’re
included. I have found no reason to disbelieve the figures. […]
So what has happened? The light begins to dawn when you
look at the nutrition figures in more detail. Yes, we ate more in
1976, but differently. Today, we buy half as much fresh milk
per person, but five times more yoghurt, three times more ice
cream and – wait for it – 39 times as many dairy desserts. We
buy half as many eggs as in 1976, but a third more breakfast
cereals and twice the cereal snacks; half the total potatoes, but
three times the crisps. While our direct purchases of sugar have
sharply declined, the sugar we consume in drinks and
confectionery is likely to have rocketed (there are purchase
numbers only from 1992, at which point they were rising
rapidly. Perhaps, as we consumed just 9kcal a day in the form
of drinks in 1976, no one thought the numbers were worth
collecting.) In other words, the opportunities to load our food
with sugar have boomed. As some experts have long proposed,
this seems to be the issue.
The shift has not happened by accident. As Jacques Peretti
argued in his film The Men Who Made Us Fat, food companies
have invested heavily in designing products that use sugar to
bypass our natural appetite control mechanisms, and in
packaging and promoting these products to break down what
remains of our defenses, including through the use of
subliminal scents. They employ an army of food scientists and
psychologists to trick us into eating more than we need, while
their advertisers use the latest findings in neuroscience to
overcome our resistance.
They hire biddable scientists and thinktanks to confuse us
about the causes of obesity. Above all, just as the tobacco
companies did with smoking, they promote the idea that weight
is a question of “personal responsibility”. After spending
billions on overriding our willpower, they blame us for failing
to exercise it.
To judge by the debate the 1976 photograph triggered, it
works. “There are no excuses. Take responsibility for your own
lives, people!” “No one force feeds you junk food, it’s personal
choice. We’re not lemmings.” “Sometimes I think having free
healthcare is a mistake. It’s everyone’s right to be lazy and fat
because there is a sense of entitlement about getting fixed.”
The thrill of disapproval chimes disastrously with industry
propaganda. We delight in blaming the victims.
More alarmingly, according to a paper in the Lancet, more
than 90% of policymakers believe that “personal motivation” is
“a strong or very strong influence on the rise of obesity”. Such
people propose no mechanism by which the 61% of English
people who are overweight or obese have lost their willpower.
But this improbable explanation seems immune to evidence.
Perhaps this is because obesophobia is often a fatly-
disguised form of snobbery. In most rich nations, obesity rates
are much higher at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale.
They correlate strongly with inequality, which helps to explain
why the UK’s incidence is greater than in most European and
OECD nations. The scientific literature shows how the lower
spending power, stress, anxiety and depression associated with
low social status makes people more vulnerable to bad diets.
Just as jobless people are blamed for structural
unemployment, and indebted people are blamed for impossible
194
housing costs, fat people are blamed for a societal problem. But
yes, willpower needs to be exercised – by governments. Yes,
we need personal responsibility – on the part of policymakers.
And yes, control needs to be exerted – over those who have
discovered our weaknesses and ruthlessly exploit them.
97) (ITA 2018) De acordo com o texto, em comparação com
1976, atualmente nós compramos
a) 50% a mais de leite fresco.
b) 3% a mais de cereais matinais.
c) 39 vezes menos sobremesas lácteas.
d) uma quantidade três vezes maior de sorvete.
e) uma quantidade três vezes menor de batatas fritas.
98) (ITA 2018) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) atualmente consumimos 2.130 quilocalorias por dia, ao
passo que em 1976 o consumo diário era de 2.280
quilocalorias, incluindo doces e álcool.
b) os dados indicam que, em comparação com 1976, nosso
consumo de açúcar de forma indireta sofreu um declínio
acentuado.
c) somente existem dados referentes ao consumo indireto
de açúcar incluindo bebidas e produtos de confeitaria
até o ano de 1992.
d) a indústria alimentícia tem recorrido à contratação de
cientistas para orientar a população em relação às
verdadeiras causas da obesidade.
e) a discussão desencadeada pela foto de 1976 sinaliza que
a estratégia de culpar o obeso por sua própria condição
tem se revelado eficaz.
99) (ITA 2018) De acordo com o texto,
a) o posicionamento dos legisladores em relação à
obesidade é embasado em dados das pesquisas mais
recentes em neurociências.
b) apenas menos de 10% dos legisladores não acreditam
que a motivação pessoal exerça forte influência no
aumento da obesidade.
c) os legisladores são capazes de apontar todos os
mecanismos que são considerados responsáveis pela
perda de força de vontade.
d) o sobrepeso e a obesidade, que atualmente afetam 61%
da população inglesa, são atribuídos, pelos legisladores,
a fatores como estresse e ansiedade.
e) as explicações fornecidas pelos legisladores acerca das
causas do aumento da obesidade são plausíveis e
encontram respaldo em evidências.
100) (ITA 2018) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
o autor sustenta que
a) cada pessoa deve assumir a responsabilidade por seu
peso, uma vez que ninguém é obrigado a consumir
alimentos prejudiciais à saúde.
b) as pessoas são preguiçosas e não se preocupam com a
saúde, pois sentem que têm direito assegurado a
assistência médica gratuita.
c) nos países ricos há menos pessoas obesas do que em
países mais pobres, pois a ciência evidencia que a causa
da obesidade reside no baixo poder de compra.
d) a força de vontade, bem como a responsabilidade
pessoal, devem ser exercidas; porém, pelos governantes
e legisladores, respectivamente.
e) o governo deve controlar as fraquezas descobertas nos
obesos, da mesma forma que controla problemas como
o desemprego.
Texto para as questões 101 e 102
101) (ITA 2018) De acordo com a tirinha,
a) o chefe está criticando um jornal concorrente por não
verificar fatos, não se apoiar em fontes confiáveis e usar
títulos sensacionalista.
b) o jornalista justifica o seu chefe o porquê de escrever
matérias que não respeitam o código de ética dos
jornalistas.
c) o jornalista salienta que aquele tipo de matéria é o que
causa mais repercussão; ainda assim, seu chefe
desaprova seu uso.
d) após a crítica do chefe, o jornalista concorda em seguir
o código de ética dos jornalistas e zelar pelo conteúdo
de suas matérias.
e) o chefe do jornalista está zangado porque seguir os
princípios éticos do jornalismo causa prejuízos para a
sua empresa.
102) (ITA 2018) No último quadrinho, o chefe do jornalista:
a) solicita que ele lhe mostre as imagens que está
escrevendo.
b) fica entusiasmado porque ele concorda que as imagens
são sensacionalistas.
c) demonstra o interesse e pede que ele lhe mostre os
dados do teste mencionado.
d) muda de ideia e demanda que ele exiba as ilustrações
dos jornais concorrentes.
e) rende-se à lógica das redes sociais após checar a
repercussão das fotos publicadas.
Texto para as questões 103 – 105
Artificial intelligence (AI) is going to play an enormous
role in our lives and in the global economy. It is the key to
self-driving cars, the Amazon Alexa in your home, autonomous
trading desks on Wall Street, innovation in medicine, and
cyberwar defenses.
Technology is rarely good nor evil — it’s all in how
humans use it. AI could do an enormous amount of good and
solve some of the world’s hardest problems, but that same
power could be turned against us. AI could be set up to inflict
bias based on race or beliefs, invade our privacy, learn about
and exploit our personal weaknesses — and do a lot of
nefarious things we can’t yet foresee.
195
Which means that our policymakers must understand and
help guide AI so it benefits society. [...] We don’t want
overreaching regulation that goes beyond keeping us safe and
ends up stifling innovation. Regulators helped make it so
difficult to develop atomic energy, today the U.S. gets only
20% of its electricity from nuclear power. So while we need a
Federal Artificial Intelligence Agency, or FAIA, I would prefer
to see it created as a public-private partnership. Washington
should bring in AI experts from the tech industry to a federal
agency designed to understand and direct AI and to inform
lawmakers. Perhaps the AI experts would rotate through
Washington on a kind of public service tour of duty.
Importantly, we’re at the beginning of a new era in
government — one where governance is software-defined. The
nature of AI and algorithms means we need to develop a new
kind of agency — one that includes both humans and software.
The software will help monitor algorithms. Existing, old-
school regulations that rely on manual enforcement are too
cumbersome to keep up with technology and too “dumb” to
monitor algorithms in a timely way.
Software-defined regulation can monitor software-driven
industries better than regulations enforced by squads of
regulators. Algorithms can continuously watch emerging
utilities such as Facebook, looking for details and patterns that
humans might never catch, but nonetheless signal abuses. If
Congress wants to make sure Facebook doesn’t exploit
political biases, it could direct the FAIA to write an algorithm
to look for the behavior.
It’s just as important to have algorithms that keep an eye on
the role of humans inside these companies. We want
technology that can tell if Airbnb hosts are illegally turning
down minorities or if Facebook’s human editors are squashing
conservative news headlines.
The watchdog algorithms can be like open-source software
— open to examination by anyone, while the companies keep
private proprietary algorithms and data. If the algorithms are
public, anyone can run various datasets against them and
analyze for “off the rails” behaviors and unexpected results.
Clearly, AI needs some governance. As Facebook is
proving, we can’t rely on companies to monitor and regulate
themselves. Public companies, especially, are incentivized to
make the biggest profits possible, and their algorithms will
optimize for financial goals, not societal goals. But as a tech
investor, I don’t want to see an ill-informed Congress set up
regulatory schemes for social networks, search and other key
services that then make our dynamic tech companies as dull
and bureaucratic as electric companies. [...] Technology
companies and policymakers need to come together soon and
share ideas about AI governance and the establishment of a
software-driven AI agency. [...]
Let’s do this before bad regulations get enacted — and
before AI gets away from us and does more damage. We have
a chance right now to tee up AI so it does tremendous good. To
unleash it in a positive direction, we need to get the checks and
balances in place right now.
Adaptado de: <https://www.marketwatch.com/story/artificial-
intelligence-is-too-powerful-to-be-left-to-facebook-amazon-
and-other-tech-giants-2018-04-23> Acesso em: jun. 2018.
103) (ITA 2018) Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA. No
texto, o autor afirma que
a) os legisladores precisam compreender a inteligência
artificial para que possam criar regulamentações que nos
mantenham seguros, porém sem refrear a inovação.
b) embora haja a necessidade de uma agencia reguladora,
ele preferiria que ela funcionasse como uma parceria
público-privada, contando com consultores da indústria
tecnológica.
c) estamos no início de uma nova era, na qual a
governança é definida por software, o que leva à
necessidade de um novo tipo de agência, que inclua
tanto software quanto seres humanos.
d) as empresas públicas, em especial, são incentivadas a se
auto monitorar e se autorregular a fim de que seus
algoritmos maximizem ora metas financeiras, ora metas
sociais.
e) por ser um investidor em tecnologia, ele não deseja que
um Congresso mal informado crie regulamentações que
tornem as empresas de tecnologia burocrática demais.
104) (ITA 2018) O autor defende uma regulação definida por
software, pois
I. a considera mais adequada para monitorar indústrias
orientadas por software do que regulações impostas por
equipes de reguladores humanos.
II. algoritmos podem procurar por detalhes e padrões que
os seres humanos talvez nunca pudessem descobrir, mas
que, não obstante, são indicativos de abusos.
III. precisamos de tecnologia que seja capaz de identificar
comportamentos como o do Facebook que, ao explorar
vieses políticos, difundiu manchetes de partidos
conservadores.
IV. é importante que algoritmos monitorem o papel dos
seres humanos em empresas orientadas por software para
evitar que minorias sejam prejudicadas na utilização de
serviços.
Estão corretas apenas
a) I e II.
b) I, II e IV.
c) I, III e IV.
d) II, III e IV.
e) II e IV.
105) (ITA 2018) A palavra ou expressão sublinhada na
primeira coluna pode ser substituída pela palavra ou
expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções,
mantendo o mesmo sentido, EXCETO em:
a) The watchdog algorithms can be like open-source
software […] → guardian
b) […] and analyze for “off the rails” behaviors […] →
illegal
c) […] before bad regulations get enacted […] → are
sanctioned
d) We have a chance right now to tee up AI […] →
organize
e) To unleash it in a positive direction […] → restrain
Texto para a questão 106
Experts warn that “the substitution of machinery for human
labour” may “render the population redundant”. They worry
that “the discovery of this mighty power” has come “before we
knew how to employ it rightly”. Such fears are expressed today
by those who worry that advances in artificial intelligence (AI)
could destroy millions of jobs and pose a “Terminator”-style
196
threat to humanity. But these are in fact the words of
commentators discussing mechanisation and steam power two
centuries ago. Back then the controversy over the dangers
posed by machines was known as the “machinery question”.
Now a very similar debate is under way.
After many false dawns, AI has made extraordinary
progress in the past few years, thanks to a versatile technique
called “deep learning”. Given enough data, large (or “deep”)
neural networks, modelled on the brain’s architecture, can be
trained to do all kinds of things. They power Google’s search
engine, Facebook’s automatic photo tagging, Apple’s voice
assistant, Amazon’s shopping recommendations and Tesla’s
self-driving cars. But this rapid progress has also led to
concerns about safety and job losses. Stephen Hawking, Elon
Musk and others wonder whether AI could get out of control,
precipitating a sci-fi conflict between people and machines.
Others worry that AI will cause widespread unemployment, by
automating cognitive tasks that could previously be done only
by people. After 200 years, the machinery question is back. It
needs to be answered.
Fonte: https://www.economist.com/leaders/2016/06/25/march-
of-the-machines. Adaptado. Acesso em agosto de 2019.
106) (ITA 2019) Leia as afirmações a seguir para responder à
questão.
I. Redes neurais alimentam o mecanismo de busca do
Google, o assistente de voz da Apple, a identificação de
fotografias no Facebook, as sugestões de compras da
Amazon, os carros autônomos da Tesla.
II. O temor de que as máquinas substituiriam o trabalho
humano era real há duzentos anos, mas superado na
atualidade.
III. Steven Hawkings e Elon Musk especulam se a I.A.
pode sair do controle, levando pessoas e máquinas a um
conflito somente visto em obras de ficção científica.
IV. Duzentos anos atrás, a controvérsia sobre os perigos
impostos pelas máquinas era conhecida como “a questão
das máquinas”.
De acordo com as informações do texto, estão corretas as
afirmações
a) I e II.
b) I, II e III.
c) II, III e IV.
d) I, III e IV.
e) III e IV.
Texto para as questões 107 e 108
If there is any doubt about the persistent power of literature in
the face of digital culture, it should be banished by the recent
climb of George Orwell’s 1984 up the Amazon “Movers and
Shakers” list. There is much that’s resonant for us in Orwell’s
dystopia in the face of Edward Snowden’s revelations about
the NSA […]. We look to 1984 as a clear cautionary tale, even
a prophecy, of systematic abuse of power taken to the end of
the line. […]
However, after “THE END” of his dystopian novel 1984,
George Orwell includes another chapter, an appendix, called
“The Principles of Newspeak.” Since it has the trappings of a
tedious scholarly treatise, readers often skip the appendix. But
it changes our whole understanding of the novel. Written from
some unspecified point in the future, it suggests that Big
Brother was eventually defeated. The victory is attributed not
to individual rebels or to The Brotherhood, an anonymous
resistance group, but rather to language itself. The appendix
details Oceania’s attempt to replace Oldspeak, or English, with
Newspeak, a linguistic shorthand that reduces the world of
ideas to a set of simple, stark words. “The whole aim of
Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought.” It will render
dissent “literally impossible, because there will be no words in
which to express it.”
Fonte: Frost, Laura. http://qz.com/95696. Adaptado. Acesso
em agosto de 2019.
107) (ITA 2019) De acordo com o texto, em geral, os leitores
do clássico 1984, de George Orwell, dispensam a leitura
do apêndice da obra porque
a) não foi escrito pelo próprio autor.
b) acreditam se tratar de mais um longo texto acadêmico.
c) sua leitura não altera a compreensão da obra.
d) foi escrito após a publicação do romance.
e) sua autoria é desconhecida.
108) (ITA 2019) De acordo com o texto, é incorreto afirmar
que
a) na obra 1984, Orwell retrata um mundo distópico que
ainda possui relevância nos tempos atuais.
b) a obra 1984 é considerada como um alerta para o uso
abusivo do poder levado às últimas consequências.
c) no apêndice, há o relato da tentativa de substituição da
Oldspeak por uma língua mais abreviada (simplificada).
d) o vocabulário da Newspeak é tão complexo que se torna
difícil usá-lo para expressar discordância.
e) Newspeak é uma língua que impossibilita externalizar
um pensamento mais complexo.
Texto para as questões 109 e 110
“Of course they’re fake videos, everyone can see they're not
real. All the same, they really did say those things, didn't
they?” These are the words of Vivienne Rook, the fictional
politician played by Emma Thompson in the brilliant dystopian
BBC TV drama Years and Years. The episode in question, set
in 2027, tackles the subject of “deepfakes” – videos in which a
living person's face and voice are digitally manipulated to say
anything the programmer wants.
Rook perfectly sums up the problem with these videos – even
if you know they are fake, they leave a lingering impression.
And her words are all the more compelling because deepfakes
are real and among us already. Last year, several deepfake porn
videos emerged online, appearing to show celebrities such as
Emma Watson, Gal Gadot and Taylor Swift in explicit
situations.
[…]
In some cases, the deepfakes are almost indistinguishable from
the real thing – which is particularly worrying for politicians
and other people in the public eye. Videos that may initially
have been created for laughs could easily be misinterpreted by
viewers. Earlier this year, for example, a digitally altered video
appeared to show Nancy Pelosi, the speaker of the US House
of Representatives, slurring drunkenly through a speech. The
video was widely shared on Facebook and YouTube, before
being tweeted by President Donald Trump with the caption:
“PELOSI STAMMERS THROUGH NEWS CONFERENCE”.
The video was debunked, but not before it had been viewed
millions of times. Trump has still not deleted the tweet, which
has been retweeted over 30,000 times.
The current approach of social media companies is to filter out
and reduce the distribution of deepfake videos, rather than
outright removing them – unless they are pornographic. This
can result in victims suffering severe reputational damage, not
197
to mention ongoing humiliation and ridicule from viewers.
“Deepfakes are one of the most alarming trends I have
witnessed as a Congresswoman to date,” said US
Congresswoman Yvette Clarke in a recent article for Quartz.
“If the American public can be made to believe and trust
altered videos of presidential candidates, our democracy is in
grave danger. We need to work together to stop deepfakes from
becoming the defining feature of the 2020 elections.”
Of course, it’s not just democracy that is at risk, but also the
economy, the legal system and even individuals themselves.
Clarke warns that, if deepfake technology continues to evolve
without a check, video evidence could lose its credibility
during trials. It is not hard to imagine it being used by
disgruntled ex-lovers, employees and random people on the
internet to exact revenge and ruin people’s reputations. The
software for creating these videos is already widely available.
Fonte: Curtis, Sophie. https://www.mirror.co.uk/tech/deepfake-
videos-creepy-new-internet-18289900. Adaptado. Acessado em
Agosto/2019.
109) (ITA 2019) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) mesmo que se saiba que são falsos, os vídeos deepfake
deixam uma impressão duradoura.
b) os vídeos deepfake surgiram na mini série distópica da
BBC TV intitulada Years and Years.
c) apesar de serem falsos, os vídeos deepfake reproduzem
falas reais das pessoas retratadas.
d) os vídeos deepfake somente retratam figuras notórias,
como Obama, Trump, Zuckerberg, fazendo discursos
inflamados.
e) o criador da tecnologia dos vídeos deepfake possui
controle total sobre dados pessoais de bilhões de
indivíduos.
110) (ITA 2019) De acordo com a congressista Yvette Clarke,
pelos diversos riscos representados pelos vídeos deepfake,
é necessário
a) bani-los totalmente da Internet.
b) proibir e criminalizar seu compartilhamento.
c) impedir sua presença nas eleições futuras.
d) filtrar e diminuir sua presença nas redes digitais.
e) fiscalizar e controlar essa tecnologia.
Texto para as questões 111 e 112
About seven years ago, three researchers at the University of
Toronto built a system that could analyze thousands of photos
and teach itself to recognize everyday objects, like dogs, cars
and flowers. The system was so effective that Google bought
the tiny start-up these researchers were only just getting off the
ground. And soon, their system sparked a technological
revolution. Suddenly, machines could “see” in a way that was
not possible in the past.
This made it easier for a smartphone app to search your
personal photos and find the images you were looking for. It
accelerated the progress of driverless cars and other robotics.
And it improved the accuracy of facial recognition services, for
social networks like Facebook and for the country’s law
enforcement agencies. But soon, researchers noticed that these
facial recognition services were less accurate when used with
women and people of color. Activists raised concerns over how
companies were collecting the huge amounts of data needed to
train these kinds of systems. Others worried these systems
would eventually lead to mass surveillance or autonomous
weapons.
Fonte: Matz, Cade. Seeking Ground Rules for A. I.
www.nytimes.com, 01/03/2019. Adaptado. Acessado em
Agosto/2019.)
111) (ITA 2019) De acordo com as informações do texto,
selecione a alternativa que melhor complete a afirmação:
The new system proved to be less precise when
a) applied to driverless cars.
b) adjusted to users’ face recognition in social networks.
c) identifying inanimate objects like cars and plants.
d) used to identify Africans and African descendants.
e) tested by American law enforcement agencies.
112) (ITA 2019) Analise as afirmações de I a IV em destaque.
I. Ativistas manifestaram preocupação em relação à forma
como as empresas estavam coletando enormes
quantidades de dados para treinar sistemas de
reconhecimento.
II. A Universidade de Toronto construiu um sistema ético
de Inteligência Artificial para reconhecimento de
imagens.
III. Uma das preocupações de ativistas era a possibilidade
de tais sistemas conduzirem a vigilância em massa ou
armamento autônomo.
IV. Empresas privadas de tecnologia, como Google, e
redes digitais, como Facebook, junto com algumas
agências governamentais, chegaram a um consenso
quanto a uma ética da Inteligência Artificial.
V. Algumas leis foram desenvolvidas por alguns grupos
específicos de pessoas para decidir sobre o futuro da
Inteligência Artificial.
De acordo com o texto, estão corretas apenas:
a) I e II.
b) II, III e V.
c) I e III.
d) II, IV e V.
e) I, III e IV.
Texto para as questões 113 e 114
Since from August 1914 to November 1918 Great Britain and
her Allies were fighting for civilization it cannot, I suppose, be
impertinent to inquire what precisely civilization may be.
“Liberty” and “Justice” have always been reckoned expensive
words, but that “Civilization” could cost as much as I forget
how many millions a day came as a surprise to many
thoughtful taxpayers. The story of this word’s rise to the
highest place amongst British war aims is so curious that, even
were it less relevant, I should be tempted to tell it […].
“You are fighting for civilization”, cried the wisest and best of
those leaders who led us into war, and the very soldiers took up
the cry, “Join up, for civilization’s sake”. Startled by this
sudden enthusiasm for an abstraction in which till then
politicians and recruiting-sergeants had manifested little or no
interest, I, in my turn, began to cry: “And what is civilization?”
I did not cry aloud, be sure: at that time, for crying things of
that sort aloud, one was sent to prison. But now that it is no
longer criminal, nor unpatriotic even, to ask questions, I intend
to inquire what this thing is for which we fought and for which
we pay. I propose to investigate the nature of our leading war-
aim. Whether my search will end in discovery and – if it does –
whether what is discovered will bear any likeliness to the
Treaty of Versailles remains to be seen.
BELL, Clive. Civilization: An Essay. 1ª ed. 1928.
Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1938, p. 13.
198
113) (ITA 2020) A diferença existente entre os anos de 1914 a
1918 e o momento em que o texto foi escrito é que:
a) quando o ensaio foi escrito, após o período de 1914 a
1918, questionadores poderiam ser presos.
b) antes do texto ser escrito, entre 1914 a 1918, certos
questionamentos eram passíveis de punição.
c) antes do período de 1914 a 1918, certas perguntas não
eram consideradas legais.
d) o conceito de civilização, como o entendemos, foi
definido após 1918, quando o texto foi escrito.
e) antes do texto ser escrito, o autor foi preso em 1914 e
ficou quatro anos encarcerado.
114) (ITA 2020) O termo startled, destacado no trecho do
segundo parágrafo, “Startled by this sudden enthusiasm
[...]”, pode ser entendido como:
a) destroçado.
b) empolgado.
c) atônito.
d) instigado.
e) desanimado.
Texto para as questões 115 e 116
It is the standing reproach of a democratic society that it is the
purgatory of genius and the paradise of mediocrity. With
ourselves it has become notorious that when a man is so
unfortunate as to exhibit uncommon abilities, he usually
renders himself ineligible for political honors or distinctions. It
would seem that the community is possessed with that
groveling quality of a sordid mind which hates superiority, and
would ostracize genius, as the Athenians did Aristides. One
might believe it would not be unpleasing to the popular taste if
some enterprising person could invent a machine for stunting
intellectual development, after the fashion of idiotic barbarians
who flatten the heads of their children. The masses of the
community certainly appear to believe that political equality
implies not only social, but should also imply intellectual
equality, under pain of being severely frowned down by an
outraged public opinion.
The prevalent sentiment manifests itself in many different
ways. It finds expression in public conveyances and resorts and
is not altogether unknown even to the pulpit. It is found to
perfection in the speeches of demagogues, who feel certain
they are never so successful as when their audience is satisfied
that the intellect of the speaker is of no higher an order than
that of the lowest intelligence among them. Worse than all, it is
demonstrated in the election of public officers of nearly all
grades up to the highest: of which latter it has now become
quite the custom to assume that it is impossible for a man of
first-rate powers to be made President of the United States.
The causes which lend to so singular a state of affairs are of an
intricate and complex character. At the outset, it is difficult to
realize the possibility of a system, the logical deduction from
which appears to be that, if a man would rise in life, he must
assiduously belittle his understanding. Perhaps it would be
fairer to modify the proposition so far as to concede that ability
is as useful here as elsewhere, provided the owner has the tact
not to affront the sensibilities of the people by showing too
much of it. No doubt a vague apprehension exists in the
popular mind that shining talents are dangerous when intrusted
with executive power in a republic: yet, it were a poor
commentary on our institutions to intimate that, under them,
for a man to be clever he must also be vicious. Experience
rather teaches the contrary. If the diffusion of education, having
the general tendency to elevate the understanding, is to produce
more bad men than good, we had better abandon than foster
our Common School system. Manifestly, we must look further
for the solution of our enigma[:] that minds of moderate calibre
ordinarily condemn everything which is beyond their range.
THE NEW YORK TIMES. The worship of mediocrity.
17/08/1862. Disponível em:
https://www.nytimes.com/1862/08/17/archives/theworship-of-
mediocrity.html. Acesso 20/08/2020.
115) (ITA 2020) Leia atentamente as declarações destacadas.
Em seguida, assinale a alternativa correta.
I. Quanto menos inteligente for um homem, mais chances
ele terá de ser presidente dos Estados Unidos.
II. Quando um homem é infeliz a ponto de exibir
habilidades incomuns, ele se torna inelegível para
distinções políticas.
III. A declaração de que o sistema educacional deve ser
abandonado se produz mais pessoas ruins que boas é
irônica.
De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que:
a) apenas I é verdadeira.
b) apenas II é falsa.
c) apenas III é verdadeira
d) ambas I e II são falsas
e) ambas II e III são verdadeiras.
116) (ITA 2020) De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, é correto
afirmar que:
a) não resta dúvida para o cidadão comum de que talentos
brilhantes são os mais desejáveis para ocupar o poder
executivo.
b) mentalidades medianas desaprovam tudo o que está
além do seu alcance.
c) é incorreto afirmar que ter habilidade é útil tanto no
âmbito público-político quanto em qualquer outro.
d) a ampliação da inteligência é um valor inquestionável
para alguém subir na vida.
e) todas as asserções estão corretas.
Texto para as questões 117 – 120
When my family first moved to North Carolina, we lived in a
rented house three blocks from the school where I would begin
the third grade. My mother made friends with one of the
neighbors, but one seemed enough for her. Within a year we
would move again and, as she explained, there wasn’t much
point in getting too close to people we would have to say good-
bye to. Our next house was less than a mile away, and the short
journey would hardly merit tears or even goodbyes, for that
matter. It was more of a “see you later” situation, but still I
adopted my mother’s attitude, as it allowed me to pretend that
not making friends was a conscious choice. I could if I wanted
to. It just wasn’t the right time.
Back in New York State, we had lived in the country, with no
sidewalks or streetlights; you could leave the house and still be
alone. But here, when you looked out the window, you saw
other houses, and people inside those houses. I hoped that in
walking around after dark I might witness a murder, but for the
most part our neighbors just sat in their living rooms, watching
TV. The only place that seemed truly different was owned by a
man named Mr. Tomkey, who did not believe in television
[…].
To say that you did not believe in television was different from
saying that you did not care for it. Belief implied that television
had a master plan and that you were against it. It also suggested
199
that you thought too much. When my mother reported that Mr.
Tomkey did not believe in television, my father said, “Well,
good for him. I don't know that I believe in it, either”. “That's
exactly how I feel,” my mother said, and then my parents
watched the news, and whatever came on after the news.
SEDARIS, David. Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim.
Recurso eletrônico. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2004,
p. 5.
117) (ITA 2020) De acordo com o texto:
a) o narrador não tinha muitas amizades porque sempre foi
antissocial.
b) a mãe do narrador fazia muitas amizades com pessoas
que acreditavam no que viam na TV.
c) os vizinhos do narrador geralmente não gostavam de
quem acreditasse no que a TV mostrava.
d) é perigoso criar amizades com pessoas desconhecidas
sem saber o que gostam de ver na TV.
e) acreditar na TV é algo diferente de não se importar com
a TV.
118) (ITA 2020) Os fatos apresentados pelo narrador no
terceiro e no quarto parágrafos expressam:
a) ironia, sarcasmo.
b) eufemismo, floreio.
c) hipérbole, exagero.
d) sinestesia, perífrase.
e) personificação, simbologia.
119) (ITA 2020) O trecho destacado do segundo parágrafo, “I
hoped that in walking around after dark I might witness a
murder, but for the most part our neighbors just sat in
their living rooms, watching TV.”, poderia ser mais bem
traduzido sem perda de sentido como:
a) “Eu esperava que ao dar uma volta depois de escurecer
ainda pudesse assassinar uma testemunha, porém sem
que a maioria dos meus vizinhos saíssem da frente da
TV, sentados nas salas de estar.”
b) “Eu esperava que dando uma voltinha ao escurecer eu
pudesse presenciar um assassinato, porém, na maior
parte do tempo, meus vizinhos ficavam sentados nas
suas salas de estar, vendo TV.”
c) “Eu esperava que ao escurecer pudesse dar uma volta e
presenciar um assassinato, embora a maioria dos meus
vizinhos visse TV, sentados mesmo, na sala de estar.”
d) “Eu esperava que ao dar uma volta depois de escurecer
eu pudesse testemunhar um assassinato, mas meus
vizinhos, na sua maioria, só ficavam sentados nas suas
salas de estar, vendo TV.”
e) “Eu esperava que ao dar uma volta depois de assassinar
alguém eu não pudesse ver o dia escurecer, mas sim,
sentado na sala de TV com a maioria de meus vizinhos,
ainda que sem a assistirmos.”
120) (ITA 2020) O termo still, destacado no trecho do
primeiro parágrafo, “It was more of a ‘see you later’
situation, but still I adopted my mother’s attitude […]”,
transmite a ideia de
a) ação coordenada da família.
b) período de tempo até a próxima mudança.
c) concessão por parte do narrador.
d) período de tempo após a última mudança até o momento
da narrativa.
e) imposição por parte da mãe após a mudança.
121) (ITA 2021) De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar
que
Stupidity permeates our perception and practice of
politics. We frequently accuse politicians, bureaucrats,
journalists, voters, “elites,” and “the masses” for their
stupidities. In fact, it is not only “populist politicians,”
“sensational journalism,” and “uneducated voters” who
are accused of stupidity. Similar accusations can be, and
in fact have been, made concerning those who criticize
them as well. It seems that stupidity is ubiquitous, unable
to be contained within or attributed to one specific
political position, personal trait, or even ignorance and
erroneous reasoning. Undertaking a theoretical
investigation of stupidity, Nabutaka Otobe challenges the
assumption that stupidity can be avoided. The author
argues that the very ubiquity of stupidity implies its
unavoidability — that we cannot contain it in such
domains as error, ignorance, or “post-truth.” What we
witness is rather that one’s reasoning can be sound,
evidence-based, and stupid. In revealing this
unavoidability, he contends that stupidity is an ineluctable
problem not only of politics, but also of thinking. We
become stupid because we think: it is impossible to
distinguish a priori stupid thought from upright, righteous
thought. Moreover, the failure to address the
unavoidability of stupidity leads political theory to the
failure to acknowledge the productive moments that
experiences of stupidity harbor within. Such productive
moments constitute the potential of stupidity — that
radical new ideas can emerge out of our seemingly banal
and stupid thinking in our daily political activity.
Fonte: https://www.routledge.com/. Publicado em
12/10/2020. Acesso em 20/08/2021.
a) em nossa prática política diária, novas ideias radicais
podem surgir de um pensamento aparentemente banal e
estúpido.
b) o fracasso em considerarmos que a estupidez é
inevitável nos conduz a outro malogro.
c) a ubiquidade da estupidez implica em sua evitabilidade.
d) a estupidez não pode ser contida em domínios como
ignorância, erro ou pós-verdade.
e) a estupidez é um problema do pensamento do qual não
podemos escapar.
Texto para a questão 122
Jaap Wagelaar was my all-time favorite secondary school
teacher. He gave me a 10/10 for my oral Dutch literature exam,
taught psychoanalysis during grammar class, astounded pupils
with odd puppet show performances during lunch breaks and
sadly ended his career with a burn-out. Few students and
fellow teachers understood him. But since I trusted his
judgment like nobody else’s, I once asked him why Piet
Paaltjens and Gerard Reve, both canonized Dutch literary
figures, albeit of very divergent genres, could occasionally be
kind or ironic but were more often rather cynical, cold and
heartless. The response he gave has stuck with me ever since:
cynical people are in fact the most emotional ones. Because of
their sentimentality they are unable to handle injustice and feel
forced to build up a self-protective screen against painful
emotions called cynicism. Irony is mild, harmless and green.
Sarcasm is biting and represents an orange traffic light. And
the color of cynicism is deep red, with the shape of a grim scar
that hides a hurt soul. They are all equally beautiful.
200
These words again came to my mind when thinking back on
the dozens of ironic, sarcastic and cynical memes about
underperforming politicians and policy scandals disseminated
over the past year. Who has not seen the image of Donald
Trump walking through a desolate, scorched forest mumbling
to himself: ‘My work here is almost done’? Who has not read
the scathing reports of Flemish Ministers Bart Somers and
Hilde Crevits escaping from a window aided by an unidentified
third person after a meeting of the Council of Ministers to
avoid critical journalists with the defense that they urgently
needed to go on holiday and windows are faster than doors?
Who has not come across the video announcement for a
fictitious thriller called Angstra Zeneca with Dutch Health
Minister Hugo de Jonge exclaiming ‘ik heb er zo’n
kankerbende van gemaakt’ (I have made it all a cancerous
mess) with a grimace stretching from ear to ear? And who has
missed the most recent true story tragicomedy played by
Charles Michel, male President of the European Council, and
Ursula von der Leyen, female President of the European
Commission, who had jointly been invited by Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to discuss the position of
women in Turkey? Unfortunately, they were only offered one
chair for two people, which was symbolically occupied by
Michel who left Von der Leyen standing awkwardly for a
while. She ended up settling for a place on the comfortable sofa
reserved for second rank guests. It was damned easy to get
addicted to these countless videos, photos, images and written
parodies. Oh, did we have fun with them! Some were ironic,
some sarcastic and others cynical, but they jointly sketch a
disconcerting image of the quality and reputation of key
politicians in liberal Western democracies.
Fonte: https://www.eur.nl/en/news/. Publicado em 16/04/2021.
Acesso em 29/08/21. Adaptado.
122) (ITA 2021) Em um encontro para discutir a posição da
mulher, o anfitrião
a) convidou dois representantes homens.
b) não deu oportunidade de voz a uma representante
mulher.
c) relegou a representante mulher a um assento secundário.
d) não cumprimentou a representante mulher.
e) ficou constrangido com a falha na organização do
evento.
Texto para as questões 123 e 124
In a new survey of North American Indian languages,
Marianne Mithun gives an admirably clear statement of what is
lost as each language ceases to be used. “Speakers of these
languages and their descendants are acutely aware of what it
can mean to lose a language,” she begins – and this is perfectly
true, although these speakers must have taken the decision
themselves not to teach the language to their children. It
happens all too often – people regret that their language and
culture are being lost but at the same time decide not to saddle
their own children with the chore of preserving them.
When a language disappears [Mithun continues] the most
intimate aspects of culture can disappear as well: fundamental
ways of organizing experience into concepts, of relating ideas
to each other, of interacting to people. The more conscious
genres of verbal art are usually lost as well: traditional ritual,
oratory, myth, legends, and even humor. Speakers commonly
remark that when they speak a different language, they say
different things and even think different thoughts. These are
very interesting assertions. They slip by in a book on
anthropological linguistics, where in a book on linguistic
theory they would be highly contentious. Is it true that
“fundamental ways of organizing experience into concepts
[and] of relating ideas to each other” are specific to individual
languages and are therefore likely to be lost when a language
ceases to be used? Is it true that when speakers speak a
different language, they “say different things and even think
different thoughts”? Again, the extent to which thought
depends on language is very controversial. These questions
must be now faced, because only when we have reached an
opinion on them will we be able to accept or reject Marianne
Mithun’s conclusion: “The loss of a language represents a
definitive separation of a people from its heritage. It also
represents an irreparable loss for us all, the loss of
opportunities to glimpse alternative ways of making sense of
the human experience.”
Fonte: Dalby, Andrew. Language in danger. New York:
Columbia University Press, 2003, p. 252; 285. Adaptado.
123) (ITA 2021) De acordo com a linguista Marianne Mithun
a) os indivíduos falantes de línguas nativas e seus
descendentes não têm absoluta clareza do que perder
uma língua pode significar.
b) indivíduos nativos lamentam a perda de sua língua e
cultura, mas não querem sobrecarregar seus filhos com
a responsabilidade de preservá-las.
c) antes da extinção de uma língua, aspectos da cultura
correspondente já haviam desaparecido.
d) teorias linguísticas afirmam que o desaparecimento de
línguas nativas é altamente controverso.
e) a decisão de povos originários e seus descendentes ao
abandonar suas línguas nativas tem motivação
econômica.
124) (ITA 2021) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
com o desaparecimento de uma língua, aspectos dessa
cultura também estão fadados ao desaparecimento, exceto
a) a interação entre indivíduos do grupo.
b) formas de expressar experiências vividas em conceitos.
c) estabelecimento de relações entre ideias.
d) suas práticas econômicas baseadas em escambo.
e) a tradição oral de seus mitos e lendas.
Texto para as questões 125 – 127
Meritocracy has become a leading social ideal. Politicians
across the ideological spectrum continually return to the theme
that the rewards of life—money, power, jobs, university
admission—should be distributed according to skill and effort.
The most common metaphor is the ‘even playing field’ upon
which players can rise to the position that fits their merit.
Conceptually and morally, meritocracy is presented as the
opposite of systems such as hereditary aristocracy, in which
one’s social position is determined by the lottery of birth.
Under meritocracy, wealth and advantage are merit’s rightful
compensation, not the fortuitous windfall of external events.
And most people don’t just think the world should be run
meritocratically, they think it is meritocratic. However,
although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck
determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably
false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the
result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort,
sometimes called ‘grit’, depend a great deal on one’s genetic
endowments and upbringing.
Perhaps more disturbing, simply holding meritocracy as a
value seems to promote discriminatory behaviour. The
201
management scholar Emilio Castilla at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and the sociologist Stephen Benard at
Indiana University studied attempts to implement meritocratic
practices, such as performance-based compensation in private
companies. They found that, in companies that explicitly held
meritocracy as a core value, managers assigned greater rewards
to male employees over female employees with identical
performance evaluations. This preference disappeared where
meritocracy was not explicitly adopted as a value.
This is surprising because impartiality is the core of
meritocracy’s moral appeal. The ‘even playing field’ is
intended to avoid unfair inequalities based on gender, race and
the like. Yet Castilla and Benard found that, ironically,
attempts to implement meritocracy leads to just the kinds of
inequalities that it aims to eliminate. They suggest that this
‘paradox of meritocracy’ occurs because explicitly adopting
meritocracy as a value convinces subjects of their own moral
sincerity. Satisfied that they are just, they become less inclined
to examine their own behaviour for signs of prejudice.
As with any ideology, part of its draw is that it justifies the
status quo, explaining why people belong where they happen to
be in the social order. It is a well-established psychological
principle that people prefer to believe that the world is just.
Fonte: https://bigthink.com/. Publicado em 23/03/2019.
Acesso em 20/08/2021. Adaptado.
125) (ITA 2021) According to the first paragraph, one of the
supporting arguments for meritocracy is:
a) since meritocracy resembles the species selection
process, it has a biological nature.
b) effort and developed ability will be rewarded, so
meritocracy is an unbiased ideological ideal.
c) meritocracy is based on the concept of self-made
fortunate man.
d) skill and effort are determined by fortuitous
opportunities that should be identified.
e) heredity should play a decisive part for a successful
outcome.
126) (ITA 2021) According to the third and fourth paragraphs,
researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Indiana University found that meritocracy
a) should be adopted in organizations in a transparent way.
b) has the potential to be transformed into a fair
assessment tool in companies.
c) could eliminate inequalities and prejudice against
minorities if well conducted.
d) is surprising because it provides a social ‘even playing
field’.
e) is self-contradictory since it reinforces the inequalities it
is supposed to eradicate.
127) (ITA 2021) De acordo com o quarto parágrafo, a
meritocracia promove
a) o conformismo social.
b) a mobilidade social.
c) a justiça social.
d) a crença em um mundo melhor.
e) a inquietação psicológica.
Texto para as questões 128 – 130
Since the early 1990s, an interesting phenomenon has emerged
in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus – some states that, despite
having their own government and state apparatus, lack
international recognition. Even today, the struggle of these
unrecognised states remains widely unknown. While these
states have been the focus of much academic study, their very
existence is often neglected by both the international
community and societies in the West. In parallel, there exist in
Eastern Europe and the Caucasus distinct peoples who have
neither acquired recognised statehood nor any significant
representation within their own countries – they are the so-
called unrepresented peoples.
Today, the territory of the former Soviet Union in Eastern
Europe and the Caucasus is somewhat unique for its relatively
high concentration of unrecognised states and unrepresented
peoples. Each of them has varying degrees of independence
and autonomy. Some have de facto statehood, whereas others
are distinct peoples with little to no representation or territorial
autonomy. Although different, these peoples seem to have one
common goal – self-determination.
The benefits of recognised statehood are numerous and often
taken for granted – countries have access to various forms of
international funding, for example from the World Bank and
the International Monetary Fund (IMF); their citizens can
travel, assured that their passports will be accepted in another
country; and they have a voice at international forums like the
United Nations (UN), which can be an opportunity to influence
international outcomes in their favour. Unrecognised states, on
the other hand, are isolated internationally and can be forced to
rely upon a patron state which offers them all kinds of help in
exchange for their allegiance. This dependency on a patron-
client relationship can lead to the client state being used as a
political tool by its patron.
One key issue facing most unrecognised states is the restriction
on movement imposed on their people. Because their de facto
nationality is not recognised internationally, their locally-
issued passports or travel documents are not considered valid
for travel or entry into another country. The only way for them
to travel abroad is to receive a passport from a neighbouring
country, or to travel to the few countries that do recognise
them. It happens that some people living in de facto states are
entitled to other citizenships. In addition to unrecognised states,
there also exists a number of unrepresented peoples – that is,
distinct ethnic and linguistic groups that enjoy little or no
representation both internationally and domestically. These
peoples struggle even more for self-determination since they do
not have their own autonomous territory. They find themselves
even more vulnerable and are often at best ignored, or worse
persecuted.
Fonte: What does it mean to be unrecognised and
unrepresented? https://unpo.org/article/21947. Adaptado. Data
de acesso: 07/08/2022.
128) (ITA 2022) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) ao ser reconhecido, os benefícios de um Estado são
numerosos e tidos como certos.
b) ao ser reconhecido, um Estado adquire vantagens que,
embora reduzidas, são essenciais.
c) além de participar da Organização das Nações Unidas, a
representação de um Estado reconhecido é limitada.
d) um Estado reconhecido tem crédito irrestrito junto a
bancos internacionais.
e) a luta travada por Estados não reconhecidos é hoje
amplamente divulgada.
129) (ITA 2022) A respeito das populações de Estados não
reconhecidos, não é correto afirmar que
a) suas nacionalidades de facto não são internacionalmente
reconhecidas.
202
b) só podem viajar se puderem obter passaporte emitido
por um país vizinho.
c) muitas vezes acabam adquirindo outra cidadania
também.
d) seus passaportes emitidos localmente são válidos para
entrada em qualquer país.
e) só conseguem viajar para os poucos países que
reconhecem sua cidadania.
130) (ITA 2022) O termo “allegiance”, destacado em itálico
sublinhado no excerto do terceiro parágrafo: “in exchange
for their allegiance”, pode ser substituído, sem alteração
de sentido, por
a) allegation.
b) loyalty.
c) alienation.
d) unfaithfulness.
e) animosity.
Texto para as questões 131 – 133
Conquistadores. By Fernando Cervantes. Viking; 512 pages;
$35. Penguin, £12.99. A balanced retelling of the Spanish
conquest of the Caribbean, Mexico and Peru, which draws
heavily on the letters and diaries of those involved. The author
chronicles the brutality of the invaders but seeks to judge them
by the values of their own times. The behaviour of Hernán
Cortés and the rest was nurtured by a late-medieval religious
culture, not purely by the lure of gold and still less by modern
notions of statehood, he argues.
News of a Kidnapping. By Gabriel García Márquez. Translated
by Edith Grossman. Vintage; 304 pages; $17. Penguin; £8.99.
An unsurpassed journalistic account by Colombia’s most
famous novelist of the horror inflicted by Pablo Escobar, the
murderous drug-trafficker from Medellín, in the late 1980s and
early 1990s. It focuses on the kidnapping of Diana Turbay, a
journalist and daughter of a former president, tracing the
agonising choices of officials torn between national interest
and personal ties.
The Feast of the Goat. By Mario Vargas Llosa. Translated by
Edith Grossman. Picador; 416 pages; $20. Faber & Faber;
£8.99. Peru’s Nobel-prizewinning novelist is at his
psychologically probing best in this fictionalised account of the
moral corruption and political repression of the dictatorship of
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, the self-styled Generalissimo who
ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until his assassination
in 1961.
Beef, Bible and Bullets. By Richard Lapper. Manchester
University Press; 272 pages; $29.95 and £11.99. A readable
account of how Jair Bolsonaro won Brazil’s presidency in the
election of 2018 through a culture war that forged an ad hoc
coalition of farmers, evangelical Protestants and the security
forces.
Fonte: Our correspondents recommend the best books on their
beats – Latin America. In: www.economist.com/culture
/2022/07/14/our-correspondents-recommend-the-best-books-
on-their-beats. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 14/07/2022.
131) (ITA 2022) De acordo com o texto, dentre as obras
recomendadas sobre a América Latina, assinale a
alternativa que apresenta os títulos cujos enredos
ocorreram no século XX.
a) Beef, Bible and Bullets e Conquistadores.
b) Conquistadores e News of a Kidnapping.
c) Beef, Bible and Bullets e The Feast of the Goat.
d) The Feast of the Goat e News of a Kidnapping.
 e) Conquistadores e The Feast of the Goat. nation-builder, who ruled for much of 1930 to 1954, by turns
132) (ITA 2022) According to the text, Fernando Cervantes, an autocrat and a democrat.
the author of Conquistadores, Fonte: How the “Cannibal Manifesto” changed Brazil
a) recreated the novel in the form of diaries and letters (Updated Feb 20th 2022). In: www.economist.com/the-
from the invaders. americas/ 2022/02/12/how-the-cannibal-manifesto-changed-
b) tells that religious culture of the time was the main brazil. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 20/08/2022.
motivation to invade parts of the Americas. 134) (ITA 2022) In the second paragraph, the sentence “Even
c) depicts the astonishment of the conquistadores with the so, they were disrupters” means that they were disrupters
riches they easily found. although
d) excuses the invaders on the grounds that they were a) the Modern Art Week took place in São Paulo instead of
expanding the Spanish crown domains. Rio de Janeiro.
e) concentrates on Hernán Cortés, who civilized the b) they belonged to the established and affluent
Caribbean, Mexico and Peru. aristocracy.
133) (ITA 2022) In the excerpt from the text “the dictatorship c) the focus in São Paulo was industrialization.
of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, the self-styled Generalissimo d) they were revolutionaries on account of their social
who ruled the Dominican Republic”, the underlined backgrounds.
expression means that he e) they wished to interfere in local politics.
a) was not proud of his military attire. 135) (ITA 2022) The third paragraph of the text
b) gave himself the specific title. a) names the main participants of the movement, like
c) managed to be among the best Latin American generals. Eduardo Giannetti and Oswald de Andrade.
d) was chosen to represent the military power across Latin b) highlights the black and indigenous artists that
America. contributed to innovative perspectives of modern art.
e) was a self-centred dictator. c) makes clear that the Brazilian modernist artists could
Texto para as questões 134 e 135 not break free from European modernism.
A hundred years ago this weekend, a group of young artists and d) explains the main idea of the Manifesto Antropófago,
writers organised what they called the Modern Art Week in the that is, to digest foreign influences and produce
new and grandiose municipal theatre in São Paulo. In fact, it something else.
lasted only for three evenings. It included a show of modernist e) points out that cultural independence somehow leads to
painting, lectures, poetry recitals and music by Heitor Villa- political dependence.
Lobos, who was to become Brazil’s best-known composer. It
has since come to be seen as the founding moment of modern
Brazilian artistic culture. Its centenary has brought both
commemoration and some criticism.
The event took place in São Paulo, then a fast-industrialising
frontier city that was starting to rival Rio de Janeiro, the capital
at the time, where the staid cultural establishment was based.
The Brazilian modernists had their contradictions. The would-
be revolutionaries were also dandies, the scions of the coffee-
growing aristocracy, and they were close to the political
oligarchy that ran São Paulo and Brazil. Even so, they were
disrupters.
The week “was a declaration of cultural independence, that we
are not simply a clumsy copy of something else”, says Eduardo
Giannetti, a Brazilian philosopher. The modernists’ aims were
later formalised in a Manifesto Antropófago (Cannibal
Manifesto), written by one of the poets, Oswald de Andrade.
This sought to address the dilemma of how to be a Brazilian
modern artist when modernism was a European import. The
answer: “Absorption of the sacred enemy. To transform him
into a totem.” In other words, Brazilians would not simply
reproduce other models but digest them and turn them into
something that was their own. The group embraced a national
identity that, at least in theory, included black and indigenous
Brazilians and their beliefs, and tropical fauna and flora.
It was cultural nationalism, but of an open-minded,
cosmopolitan and non-xenophobic kind. That was important.
Across Latin America, modernist writers and artists were
forging new national identities. As the innovative 1920s
degenerated into the ideological conflicts of the 1930s, some
would embrace communism and others creole fascism in its
many variants. The Brazilian modernists would radicalise
politically and be coopted, too, by Getúlio Vargas, Brazil’s

203
 Gabarito 62) C
1) C 63) A
2) B 64) C
3) E 65) A
4) B 66) D
5) D 67) D
6) B 68) D
7) D 69) E
8) A 70) B
9) B 71) E
10) E 72) C
11) A 73) A
12) A 74) D
13) C 75) C
14) E 76) A
15) E 77) A
16) B 78) B
17) B 79) B
18) B 80) E
19) C 81) D
20) A 82) B
21) A 83) E
22) B 84) B
23) C 85) D
24) D 86) C
25) D 87) B
26) E 88) C
27) A 89) D
28) D 90) A
29) D 91) E
30) C 92) D
31) C 93) B
32) E 94) E
33) A 95) B
34) E 96) D
35) A 97) D
36) B 98) E
37) B 99) B
38) E 100) D
39) C 101) B
40) D 102) C
41) C 103) D
42) A 104) B
43) B 105) E
44) D 106) D
45) E 107) B
46) C 108) D
47) D 109) A
48) E 110) E
49) D 111) D
50) A 112) C
51) C 113) B
52) C 114) C
53) D 115) E
54) C 116) B
55) E 117) E
56) B 118) A
57) C 119) D
58) E 120) C
59) C 121) C
60) E 122) C
61) A 123) B

204
124) D
125) B
126) E
127) A
128) A
129) D
130) B
131) D
132) B
133) B
134) B
135) D

205
 Artigos – Articles
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Complete the sentences using an
article when necessary.
I- Is Mario_________ honest man?
II- The students wear_________ uniform here.
III- _________ Smiths live next to the supermarket.
IV- __________ Brasília was made the capital ia 1960.
Choose the correct option.
a) a / an / - / -
b) a / an / The / The
c) an / a / The / The
d) a / an / - / The
e) an / a / The / -
2) (Colégio Naval 2018) Read the text to do the question
below. Complete with a, the or Ø (no article).
___________ Brazil is a huge country.
In,___________North, there are____________rain forests
and ___________ longest river is also situated there. In
___________ South, ____________ climate is more
European. ___________ Brazil also has many social
differences.___________ rich own most of____________
country’s wealth and ___________ poor often live on
minimum wage.
Now mark the option which completes the gaps
respectively.
a) Ø - the - Ø - a - the - the - Ø - a - the – a
b) The - the - Ø - a - Ø - the - the - The - Ø – the
c) Ø - the - Ø - the - the - the - Ø - The - the – the
d) The - Ø - Ø - a - Ø-the- The - Ø - a – Ø
e) The - Ø - the - a - Ø - the - The - a - a - a
3) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read and complete the sentence
below.
I’m traveling to,______ United States next month. I want to
see _____ Hawaii and________ Rocky Mountains
(depending on_______money and________time!).
Mark the option which best completes the blanks
respectiveiy.
a) the / X / the / X / X
b) X / the / the / the / the
c) X / the / the / X / X
d) the / the / the / the / the
e) X / X / the / the / X
4) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the following sentence.
“Camila Kater’s debut short is _______ fresh, unprejudiced
reflection on femininity through successive stages of life”
Mark the option that completes the sentence correctly.
a) A
b) Na
c) The
d) --- (no article)
e) One
5) (EAM 2019) Complete the paragraph below, about
Scotland, with the missing articles..
For many years, Scotland was ___________ poor country.
But now things are better for most people. There is oil and
gas in __________sea between Scotland and Norway.
Edinburgh is ____________ important place for money,
and there are big banks there, like the Royal Bank of
Scotland. Tourists visit this beautiful country and they bring
money to Scotland too. Many people love living and
working there, and more than 20 million visitors go to
Scotland each year.
206
Now, mark the correct option, from top to bottom:
a) an / a / an
b) a /the /a
c) a /the /an
d) an / a / a
e) a /a /an
6) (EsSA 2021) Complete the blanks with the right articles
when necessary.
Attention: the blank space (_____________) in the options
means no article.
“In my cottage there space are ______ tables in the dining
room and there is __________ armchair in ________ living
room.
a) a, an, an.
b) _____ , an, the.
c) a, _____ , _____ .
d) a, an, _______ .
e) ______ , a, the.
7) (EEAr 2. 2017) Choose the best alternative to complete the
blanks in the text.
I am from New Zealand, which is _____ country that is in
_____ Pacific Ocean. Wellington is _____ name of _____
capital of my country.
a) a – a – a – the
b) the – a – a – the
c) a – the – the – the
d) the – a – the – the
8) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the best alternative to complete the
text:
Grounding is a common form of punishment for young
people who disobey their parents. Grounding means that
they are not allowed to go out, after school or on weekends,
for a certain period of time. This could be from one day to
____ month or more, depending upon the gravity of the
offense. During that time, though, they must continue to go
to school, to work if they have a job, and do other errands
approved by their parentes
____ term “grounding” is ____ aviation term. A plane is
grounded when it is not allowed to fly for any reason.
Similarly, pilots or other flying personnel are grounded
when they are not allowed to fly because of illness or for
disobeying the rules.
a) the / the / an
b) an / the / a
c) a / the / an
d) a / a / the
9) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Complete the text with the correct
article.
Rio de Janeiro
In a quick and decisive military sweep, Brazilian
security forces seized control of this city’s most notorious
slum on Sunday, claiming victory in a weeklong battle
against drug gangs that has claimed dozens of lives.
Drug gangs have stained the reputation of this seaside
city and contributed heavily to giving it one of the highest
murder rates in the world. For the past two years, (1)
government has carried out (2) ambitious campaign to
pacify (3) most violent slums and regain control of the city
in advance of the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympic
Games. The police have since wrested more than three
dozen communities from criminal gangs, installing special
community police forces there.
 Source:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/world/americas/29bra
zil.html?_r=0
a) (1) the – (2) an – (3) the
b) (1) the – (2) the – (3) a
c) (1) the – (2) a – (3) the
d) (1) a – (2) the – (3) a
10) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Complete the text with the right
articles. Then choose the correct alternative.
Behind a Shopping Center in New Jersey,
Signs of a Mass Extinction
Behind a Lowe’s home improvement store here,
scientists are methodically scraping and sifting through ___
quarry pit that may contain unique insights to the mass
extinction that eliminated _____ dinosaurs.
Back then, about 66 million years ago, _____ oceans
were higher, and this part of southern New Jersey was a
shallow sea, 10 to 15 miles offshore from ____ ancient
mountain range that rose from the water. Today’s quarry pit
was once the sea bottom, and one particular layer about 40
feet beneath the surface contains a bounty of fossils.
Kenneth J. Lacovara, a professor of paleontology and
geology at nearby Rowan University, calls the layer ___
“mass death assemblage.” He believes it may be ____ only
known collection of animal remains that dates from the
mass extinction itself.
Taken from www.nytimes.com - Accessed on 06/01/2016.
a) a – the – the – a – an – the
b) a – the – the – an – a – the
c) an – the – the – an – a – an
d) a – the – the – the – an – an
11) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that contains
the correct order of the articles, in order to complete the
second paragraph in the text.
Two species of intelligent robots have moved into some
prime, Thames-side real estate: Tate Modern’s Turbine
Hall. Collectively named “aerobes,” the floating orbs that
the New York-based artist Anicka Yi has created to inhabit
the cavernous space are called “planulae” and “xenojellies”.
Inspired by ocean life forms and mushrooms, ___
helium-filled shapes move around using rotors and ___
small battery pack. Together, they create ___ “ecosystem”
within ___ museum, Yi said in a press statement,
interacting with their environment and visitors, and
displaying individual and group behaviors.
a) an − the − a – the
b) the − a − an − the
c) an − a − the − an
d) a − an − an − a
12) (EFOMM 2011) The indefinite article can be appropriately
used in:
a) _____ information
b) _____ wool
c) _____ furniture
d) _____ eggs
e) _____ hypothesis
207
13) (EFOMM 2013) The blanks of this excerpt can be
adequately filled by:
Diplomatics, from ______ Greek diploma (folded), is ____
study of legal and administrative documents of all kinds.
Most attention has been paid to ______ public documents
of monarchs, emperors, and popes, which are usually
classified separately from_____ many varieties of private
documents that exist.’ (CRYSTAL, David (2010). The
Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge
University Press).
a) the – the – X – the.
b) the – a – the – X
c) a – a – the – the
d) the – the – the –the
e) a – a – X – X
14) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct alternative to complete
the sentences below.
I - Simon is in ______ prison because he didn’t pay his
taxes.
II - You have made ____ very good progress.
III - We didn’t have time to visit ____ Louvre when we
were in Paris.
IV - I’ve always wanted to visit ____ Netherlands.
a) a / a / the / the
b) --- / --- / the / the
c) the / a / --- / ---
d) --- / a / --- / a
e) a / --- / --- / the
15) (EFOMM 2017) Which alternative is correct?
a) I visited the United Kingdom and the Brazil two years
ago.
b) The Bahamas is a group of islands in the West Indies.
c) Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.
d) The coast of the country is bathed by Atlantic Ocean.
e) My brother likes seaside, but I prefer mountains.
16) (EFOMM 2018) Choose the correct sequence to complete
the text below.
Language, brain and disability
It has often been remarked that we come to
appreciate_____unique complexity and function of
language only when it starts to go wrong. This happens
daily in many small ways - when we detect ambiguity,
express ourselves incoherently, or speak at cross-purposes.
Less commonly, it happens in _____ dramatic and
devastating manner, in _____ form of language disability.
Those who find it difficult or impossible to communicate,
on account of some physical, psychological, or other
disability, face _____ frustrating, isolated, and uncertain
future, in which their disability is often not recognized, and
community support services may be inaccessible or absent.
Drawing attention to ______ existence and extent of
language disability is thus _____important role for any
encyclopedia of language.
(Adapted from: The Cambridge Encyclopedia o f language)
a) the / a / the / a / the / an
b) the / a / — / a / an / the
c) a /th e / a / — / the / an
d) a / the / — / the / — / the
e) an / a / the / — / the / na
17) (EFOMM 2021) Mark the correct option to complete the
excerpt below.
Oil spill reported at Golden Ray wreck site
I- __________ Unified Command in charge of II- _______
disposal of III- ________wreck in Golden Ray reported
IV- _________oil spill which V- __________ workers were
attempting to contain both VI- __________ water and along
VII - _______ coastline of St. Simons Sound.
(Adapted from https://www.fleetmon.com>oil...)
a) I - The / II - the / III -a / IV - __ / V - __ / VI -a / VII -
the
b) I - The / Il - the / IIl – the / IV - an / V - the / VI - the /
VII – the
c) I - The / Il - __ / III- the / IV - the / V - the / VI - __ /
VII – a
d) I - __ / II - __/ III - the / IV - __ / V - ___ / VI - __ / VII
– the
e) I - __ / II – a / III - a / IV - an / V - the / VI - the / VIl - a
18) (Escola Naval 2012) Which is the correct option to
complete the sentence below?
Windsurfing will be dropped from {1)____ Olympics after
(2)____ London 2012 Games and will be replaced by
(3)____ kiteboarding for (4) Rio 2016 Games.
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/olympics-
2012)
a) Ø - Ø - the – Ø
b) an - the -the -the
c) the -the - Ø – the
d) Ø - a - the -a
e) the - a - Ø - a
19) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
"Plan your perfect vacation by reserving (1) ____ room at
(2)____ Best Western Hotel. Situated on (3) ____ Northern
Drive, half mile from (4) ____ downtown, our hotel mixes
spacious guest rooms and convenient location."
a) the - Ø - the – Ø
b) a - the - Ø – Ø
c) a - the - Ø – the
d) a - the - the -a
e) the - a - Ø - a
20) (Escola Naval 2014) Which sequence best completes the
text below?
On _____ Monday, September 2nd _____ International
Olympic Committee's (IOC) inspectors completed their
fifth trip to Rio and, at ____ press conference wrapping up
_____ trip, gave organizers cautious approval of_____ way
things are going.
(Adapted from The Rio Times - Weekly Online Edition,
Issue LVIII)
a) Ø / the / Ø / the / a
b) a / Ø / the / a / the
c) a / Ø / Ø / the / Ø
d) Ø / the / a / the / the
e) Ø / the / Ø / Ø / the
208
21) (Escola Naval 2015) Which sequence best completes the
quotation below?
"_____ Ebola outbreak in West Africa is already
_______ global threat to________ public health and it's
vital that ______ UK remains at________ forefront of
responding to ______epidemic." Michael Fallon, Defense
Secretary, 2014. (Adapted from
http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk).
a) An / a / the / - / the / an.
b) - / the / - / the / - / an.
c) The / the / the / - / the / the.
d) An / - / - / the / - / - .
e) The / a / - / the / the / the.
22) (Escola Naval 2016) What is the correct option to complete
the text below?
Mosquito Screens to Be Used at Rio Games
Even as athletes grow increasingly concerned about
_______ outbreak of _______ Zika virus in Brazil,
_______ organizing committee for the August Olympics in
Rio de Janeiro said it would charge national delegations to
have mosquito screens on athletes' rooms.
_____ screens, one measure Brazilians are using to help
ward off the mosquito that is the primary transmitter of
Zika, will be installed in communal areas "where required,"
but affixed to lodging only if national delegations decide to
pay for it, said Philip Wilkinson, ______ spokesman for the
Rio 2016 organizing committee.
(http://www.nytimes.com)
a) an / - / the / - / an
b) the / the / the / the / a
c) the / a / the / the / a
d) an / the / - / the / a
e) the / the / the / the / an
23) (Escola Naval 2017) What is the correct option to complete
the text below?
The current smartphone market
It's______ brand new year and already there have been
______new smartphones released onto the market.
Upgrading from your current device can be
______exciting time, but it can also be______little
confusing with all of______options available.
(http ://www.news.com.au)
a) a / - / the / - / -
b) the / a / an / the / an
c) a / - / an / a / the
d) an / the / - / the / an
e) the / - / a / a / the
24) (Escola Naval 2019) Which of the options completes the
text below correctly?
I got into________ accident on my bike
If you have experienced ________ crash on your Citi Bike
and are injured, call 911 immediately. You should also call
________ police department w here_________ crash took
place and file ________ report w ith __________officer to
make sure that all important information is documented.
(Adapted from https://help.citibikenyc.com)
a) an / a / the / the / a / an
b) an / a / - / a / the / an
c) the / the / a / the / the / a
d) a / the / the / a / a / a
e) a / the / a / a / - / a
25) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the text
correctly? A dash (-) indicates that no article is used.
_______ China's first autonomous cargo ship, named Jin
Dou Yun O Hao, has made its first voyage in Zhuhai.
Yunzhou Tech, ______ technology company based in
Zhuhai, developed ______ ship in collaboration with
Wuhan University of Technology and CCS. _______
autonomous cargo ship will reduce 20°/o construction cost,
20% operation cost and 15% fuel consumption.
(Adapted from https://www.seatrade-maritime.com)
a) A / the / - / A
b) - / a / the /The
c) - / the / the / A
d) The / a / - / An
e) The / - / a / The
26) (Escola Naval 2022) Read the paragraph below. Complete
the sentences with a, an, the or Ø (no article).
Not everyone is cut out for traveling or being away from
_______ home for _______ long period of time, and that’s
perfectly fine! As someone with _______ younger brother
still in high school, I personally chose to attend college at
_______ university _______ hour away from my
hometown.
(Adapted from https://www.collegeraptor.com/)
Now mark the option that completes the paragraph
correctly.
a) Ø/ a/ a/ an/ a
b) the/ a/ an/ a/ a
c) Ø/ a/ a/ a/ an
d) a/ Ø/ an/ the/ a
e) the/ a/ a/ an/ an
27) (AMEOSC 2018) Observe the following sentences.
I - […] one look at her Instagram account will reveal that
she has rock hard.
II - A FBI agent testified Thursday.
III - […] and an honor to work with Andy Lincoln.
IV - […] in the world as a one-parent child.
Choose the correct option according to the underlined
items.
a) The items I, II, and III, only.
b) The items I, II, and IV, only.
c) The items I, III, and IV, only.
d) The items II and IV, only.
28) (AMEOSC 2019) Analyze the sentences below.
I. Could I have a rice instead of potatoes with my fish?
II. That’s an amazing bit of news.
III. Could I have a liter of milk, please?
Observing the articles, “a” and “an”, indicate the correct
alternative:
a) The item I, only.
b) The items I and II, only.
c) The items II and III, only.
d) The items I, II, and III.
209
29) (EsFCEx 2017) Choose the alternative that correctly
completes the sentences according to the right use of
articles:
When we cross the street we must wait for the green man
on _____ crossing sign, but in one Australian city, he no
longer wears trousers._____ city of Melbourne is now in
the news because it changed some of the pedestrian lights
from men to women._____ member of the Melbourne city
board thinks that to see only_____male figure is not right.
She hopes that _____ female figure will make our world
equal.
a) the - the - a - a – the
b) the - the - an - a – a
c) a - a - a - the – the
d) a - a -the - an – an
e) a - the - the - a - the
30) (Quadro Complementar 2017) Which option correctly
completes the sentences below?
1 - _________River Thames is a river that flows through
London.
2- Sweden is in_____ northern Europe.
3- _____ Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of
North America.
4- ______ Canaries are an archipelago and autonomous
community of Spain.
5- ______ French are famous for their food.
a) The - the - The - X – The
b) X - the - X - The - X
c) The - X - X - The – The
d) X - X - The - X – The
e) X - the - The - X - The
31) (Quadro Complementar 2017) What is the correct option
to complete the text below?
Navy Ships Respond to Piracy Attack
Late night on 08 April______distress call was received
from ______foreign merchant vessel MV OS 35 (Tuvalu
registered vessel), which was attacked and boarded by
pirates in ______Gulf of Aden.
______Indian Navy ships Mumbai, Tarkash, Trishul and
Aditya proceeding on deployment to ______ Mediterranean
responded to ______ call and rapidly
closed______merchant vessel by ______ early hours of 09
April.
(Adapted from http: // www. marineinsight .com / shipping)
a) a / a / Ø / Ø / Ø / the / a / Ø
b) a / a / the / Ø/ the / the / the / the
c) the / a / the / an / the / a / the / na
d) a / the / the / Ø /Ø / a / a /Ø
e) the / Ø / a / the / a / the / the / the
32) (MACK-SP) Paul, _____ doctor, was _____ first person in
_____ city to swim in _____ Mississipi River on _____
tenth of _____ October, 1970 and in ____ Lake Michigan
in _____ 60s.
a) a - the - x - the - x - x - the – x
b) a - the - the - the - the - x - x – the
c) the - the - x - the - the - x - x – the
d) a - x - the - the - the - the - x – the
e) an - the - the - the - the - x - x – the
 Gabarito
1) E
2) C
3) A
4) A
5) C
6) B
7) C
8) C
9) A
10) B
11) B
12) E
13) D
14) B
15) B
16) A
17) B
18) C
19) B
20) D
21) E
22) B
23) C
24) A
25) B
26) C
27) C
28) C
29) A
30) C
31) B
32) B

210
 Substantivos – Nouns: Countable ×
Uncountable
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the sentences below.
I- Can you give me some information ,please?
II- Those women are my teachers.
III- He doesn't have much money.
IV- Life is great!
Choose the option which defines the underlined nouns as U
(uncountable) or C (countable).
a) U - C - U – U
b) C - C - C – C
c) C - C - U – U
d) U - U - U – U
e) C - U - C - C
2) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the following sentence taken
from the text.
"Even outside the zone, many businesses and schools have
suspended activities and sporting events have been
canceled."
All the underlined words are considered Countable nouns.
Mark the option in which all the nouns are considered
Uncountable.
a) beauty, computer, strawberry, diary
b) money, painting, window. Love
c) electricity, advice, help, oxygen
d) cookie, candy, fruit, shop
e) knowledge, idea, man, air
3) (Colégio Naval 2022) Mark the option that ONLY contains
uncountable nous.
a) Advice / Children / Behavior
b) Luggage / Traffic / Umbrella
c) Information / Luck / Bread
d) Furniture / Weather / Job
e) Baggage / Suggestion / Chaos
4) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the group of uncountable words
extracted from the text above.
a) Prejudice – experience – ability.
b) Orientation – body – position.
c) Discrimination – intolerance – racism.
d) History – status – religion.
5) (EEAr 2. 2016) Choose the alternative in which all the
words are uncountable.
a) salt – cake – egg
b) chocolate – butter – walnut
c) flour – baking powder – sugar
d) vanilla – cake tin – ice cream
6) (EFOMM 2011) Which pair of words below contains
countable nouns:
a) news / bread
b) advice / music
c) weather / equipment
d) vocabulary / baggage
e) paper / illness
7) (Quadro Complementar 2015) Nouns can be countable or
uncountable. Choose the correct option.
a) Equipment (countable) / tool (countable).
b) Work (uncountable) / job (countable).
c) News (uncountable) / fact (uncountable).
d) Baggage (countable) / bag (countable).
e) Information (countable) / furniture (uncountable).
211
8) (Unoesc 2021) Note the countable and uncountable nouns
and mark the correct alternative according to the sentences.
I. In the ocean, there are many living waters.
II. Mr. Smith bought much planks of wood last year.
III. I can´t eat many salt.
IV. I found much stones in my house.
a) Only I is correct.
b) Only I and II are correct.
c) Only II and IV are correct.
d) All the alternatives are correct.
9) (FUNDATEC 2018) Mark the word that is an uncoutable
noun.
a) eyes (l.14).
b) diamonds (l.27).
c) thighs (l.28).
d) daybreak (l.37).
e) slave (l.40).
10) (VUNESP 2018) Leia o texto e responda à questão.
Within word classes, there are a number of restrictions.
Knowledge of these allows competent speakers to produce
well-formed sentences. Speakers of British English might
say There isn’t any furniture in the room, but would not
say There aren’t any furnitures in the
room because furniture is almost always an uncountable
noun.
An example of a well-formed sentence with an uncountable
noun is:
a) Bad news never makes people happy.
b) I frequently give my students many advices about
adequate study habits.
c) He seems to be in a very good health now.
d) The informations I received were completely incorrect.
e) I gave students papers so they could copy the lesson I
was dictating.
11) (NUCEPE 2019) The sequence that shows only countable
nouns is
a) rice, meat, cherry, tea.
b) sausage, water, potato, cake.
c) electricity, pride, house, bread.
d) eggplant, pantyhose, truck, wolf.
e) homework, evidence, flour, orange.
12) (FUNDATEC 2020) Nouns as ‘food’ (l. 06) may be
countable or uncountable, depending on the context. The
following nouns usually follow the same rule, EXCEPT:
Ask a Dane to explain the concept, and they’ll probably
say it means socializing with loved ones at home, wearing
warm clothes, feeling sheltered and safe, enjoying indulgent
foods, and drinking mulled wine.
a) Hair.
b) Advice.
c) Coffee.
d) Ice cream.
e) Water.
13) (FURB 2019) Some nouns are countable in other languages
but uncountable in English. Choose the alternative that
presents only uncountable nouns in English:
a) coffee; job; baggage; advice; paper; noise; experience.
b) juice; weather; view; suggestion; work; permission.
c) rice; sand; bowl; music; beach; blood.
d) bread; information; feedback; news; money; furniture.
e) water; electricity; accident; song; air; luck.
14) (EEAr 2012) All words below are countable nouns, except:
a) Mice
b) News
c) Sheep
d) Children
15) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre os
substantivos contáveis, assinale a alternativa
INCORRETA:
a) Possuem plural
b) Aceitam os artigos A/An
c) Podem ser quantificados por números
d) Usa-se “much” para quantifica
16) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre os
substantivos incontáveis, assinale a alternativa
INCORRETA:
a) Não possuem plural
b) Não aceitam artigos indefinidos. Coloca-se o “The”
c) Não podem quantificados por números
d) Usa-se “much” para quantificar
17) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre o substantivo
“time”, assinale a alternativa correta
a) no sentido de “tempo” é incontável
b) no sentido de “frequência” é incontável
c) Independente do sentido, ele é incontável
d) Independente do sentido, ele é contável
18) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre o substantivo
“Hair” assinale a alternativa correta
a) no sentido de “conjunto de fios” é contável
b) no sentido de “fios de cabelo” é contável
c) Independente do sentido, ele é incontável
d) Independente do sentido, ele é contável
19) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre o substantivo
“Music”
a) no sentido de “música” é contável
b) no sentido de “faixas de música” é incontável
c) Independente do sentido, ele é incontável
d) Independente do sentido, ele é contável
20) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que não apresenta somente substantivo
incontáveis:
a) equipment, children e advice.
b) glass, ice e cheese.
c) metal, cake e song.
d) snow, sugar e salt.
21) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre os
substantivos incontáveis, assinale a alternativa
INCORRETA:
a) Líquido, grãos e pó são incontáveis
b) tudo que é conjunto é incontável
c) “Money” é incontável porque não se quantifica a
quantidade de cédulas ou moedas, mas, sim o valor
d) Todas as palavras que são contáveis em português são
contáveis no inglês.
22) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta um substantivo contável:
a) Air
b) Proof
c) Jewerly
d) Idea
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23) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre os
substantivos incontáveis, assinale a alternativa
INCORRETA:
a) Não apresentam singular e nem plural
b) Denotam substância homogênea
c) Se o sentido for de plural, o verbo também ficará no
plural
d) Frequentemente indicam substância, qualidades
humanas e ideias abstratas
24) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre os
substantivos contáveis, assinale a alternativa correta:
a) Podem ser utilizados somente no singular
b) Se quiserem passar a ideia de plural, terá que usar o
coletivo
c) Pode vir antecedido por a lot of, few e much
d) Nem os substantivos que são contáveis no português,
são contáveis no inglês.
25) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre os
substantivos contáveis, assinale a alternativa incorreta:
a) Mesmo music sendo incontável, song é contável
b) Podem vir precedidos por diversos pronomes, tanto no
singular como no plural
c) São os nomes de objetos, pessoas, lugares, animais e
bebidas.
d) Podem vir precedidos pelos artigos a/an.
26) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta um substantivo incontável.
a) Dorothea studied 3 times the same matter
b) Yesterday in the newspaper passed the news that the
criminal had been caught
c) Carlos went to the supermarket and bought a glass
d) Jurandir said that he didn't want to study
27) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre o substantivo
“glass” assinale a alternativa correta
a) no sentido de “copo” é contável
b) no sentido de “vidro” é contável
c) Independente do sentido, ele é incontável
d) Independente do sentido, ele é contável
28) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre o substantivo
“newspaper” assinale a alternativa incorreta
a) É contável
b) É formado pela junção de dois substantivos incontáveis
c) No sentido de “papel” fica incontável
d) Significa “jornal”
29) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta um substantivo que não pode ser
contável.
a) Time
b) Hair
c) Music
d) Glass
30) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta somente substantivos contáveis:
a) Idea, key and equipament
b) Money, bottle and house
c) Cat, dog and work
d) Newspaper, Woman and house
31) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre o uso do
many e do much nos substantivos contáveis e incontáveis,
assinale a alternativa correta.
a) Much pode ser usado com o sentido de “muito”
b) Apenas o many pode ser usado
c) Tanto o many como o much podem ser usados com o Gabarito
mesmo sentido 1) A
d) Many e much apresentam sentidos opostos 2) C
3) C
4) C
5) C
6) E
7) B
8) A
9) D
10) A
11) D
12) B
13) D
14) B
15) D
16) B
17) A
18) B
19) C
20) C
21) D
22) D
23) C
24) D
25) C
26) B
27) A
28) C
29) C
30) D
31) B

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Substantivos – Nouns: Plural and Coletive
1) (EPCAR 2019) Considering the plural form of the nouns,
mark the correct alternative.
a) Basis (line 3) – base.
b) Galaxy (line 11) – galaxyes
c) Life (line 36) – lives.
d) Search (line 39) – searchers.
2) (EsSA 2020) The plural forms of table, box, kilo, sky, wife
and tooth are respectively
a) tables, boxes, kilos, skies, wives and tooths.
b) tables, boxes, kilos, skys, wives and teeth.
c) tables, boxes, kilos, skies, wifes and teeth.
d) tables, boxes, kilos, skies, wives and teeth.
e) tables, boxes, kiloes, skies, wives and teeth.
3) (EsSA 2021) Todas as palavras abaixo formam o plural em
inglês como a palavra “photo”, exceto:
a) piano.
b) kilo.
c) hero.
d) radio.
e) vídeo.
4) (EEAr 1. 2017) Choose the best alternative that shows the
irregular plural form:
a) mice, children, goose, woman.
b) mice, children, geese, women.
c) mouses, kids, goose, women.
d) mice, child, geese, woman.
5) (EEAr 2. 2017) Choose the best alternative to complete the
blanks in the text:
Good day! My name is Sheila. I’m from Melbourne,
Australia. My ___________ is from Montreal, Canada. We
live in Sydney. A lot of ___________ living in Australia
come from other ___________.
a) husband – peoples – country
b) husband – people – countries
c) husbands – persons – country
d) husbands – person – countries
6) (EEAr 1. 2020) What is the correct plural form of the
words, in bold type, in the text?
Rude
Magic
Can I have your daughter for the rest of my life? Say yes,
say yes
‘Cause I need to know
You say I’ll never get your blessing till the day I die
Tough luck my friend but the answer is no!
Why you gotta be so rude?
Don’t you know I’m human too
Why you gotta be so rude
I’m gonna marry her anyway
(Marry that girl) Marry her anyway
(Marry that girl) Yeah no matter what you say
(Marry that girl) And we’ll be a family
a) daughter, lives, days, and family.
b) daughters, life, day, and families.
c) daughters, lives, days, and family.
d) daughters, lives, days, and families.
7) (EEAr 1. 2021) The word “women” is the plural form of
“woman”, an irregular plural noun. Choose the alternative
that contains an example of an irregular plural noun.
a) Kid
b) Hero
c) Mouse
d) Kingdom
8) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Choose the alternative that indicates
the plural of the words fish, life, woman.
a) Fishes, lifes, woman.
b) Fishs, lives, woman.
c) Fish, lives, women.
d) Fish, lifes, women.
9) (AFA 2016) Mark the option which shows the appropriate
plural form for the word “phenomenon” (line 70).
a) Phenomenae.
b) Phenomena.
c) Phenomenons.
d) Phenomenos.
10) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct alternative.
a) self/selfies; half/halfs; species/species; man/men
b) calf/calfs; photo/photos; child/children; lady/ladies
c) church/churches; box/boxes; negro/negros; bus/buses
d) penny/pence; louse/lice; tornado/tornadoes;
volcano/volcanos
e) ox/oxen; goose/geese; child/children; tomato/tomatos
11) (EFOMM 2020) Which word DOES NOT follow the same
plural rule applied to the word "nationalities" in the text?
a) Enemy
b) Activity
c) Country
d) Theory
e) Delay
12) (EFOMM 2022) In the text, the words “shrubs”, “viruses”
and “vessels” are in the plural form. Mark the sequence in
which the use of the plural for mis correct
a) sheaves/ runners up/ data/ nuclei/ volcanoes
b) halves/ lice/ pence/ oxen/ corpus
c) analysis/ Eskimos/ stimuli/ series/ radius
d) formula/ headquarters/ species/ wreaths/ buzz
e) phenomena/ diagnoses/ fungus/ oasis/ vertebrae
13) (Escola Naval 2014) Which of the alternatives completes
the sentence correctly?
If you need ____________about what to remove from your
_______ to avoid problems at check in, this leaflet is for
you.
a) some information/luggage
b) the informations/luggage
c) information/luggages
d) an information/luggage
e) informations/luggages
14) (EsFCEx 2020) As far as the teaching of standard English
is concerned, the pluralization of the underlined noun is
only acceptable in alternative:
a) An economy-class passenger is entitled to no more than
two baggages per flight.
b) The police have found no evidences of the young man’s
involvement with the victim.
c) Manned journeys to space have been temporarily
interrupted due to lack of resources.
d) Excessive informations can hinder rather than help
comprehension of a complex topic.

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 e) His specialty is the design of 19) (EEAr 2015) Choose the alternative that presents the plural
sustainable furnitures made of natural materials. of the nouns “mouse” and “fish” (lines 4 and 7), in the text,
15) (IBFC 2017) Na Língua Inglesa há regras específicas para respectively.
a construção do plural dos substantivos. a) mice – fish
A seguir, encontra-se um pequeno trecho de um texto sobre b) mice – fishs
inteligências múltiplas cujos substantivos que estão entre c) mouses – fishs
parênteses no singular, deverão ser escritos na forma plural. d) mouses – fishes
[...] Linguistic - using ___________ (word) effectively. 20) (FUNDATEC 2021) The word “studies” (l. 23) follows the
These ____________ (learner) like reading, taking notes in same spelling rule to form plural nouns as:
their ________ (class), making up poetry or a) Babies
___________(story). Interpersonal - understanding, b) Beliefs
interacting with others. These ______________ (student) c) Wives
learn through interaction. They like group ___________ d) Boys
(activity), ____________ (seminar), __________ (debate), e) Series
_________ (interview). Logical-Mathematical - reasoning, 21) (FEPESE 2018) The plural form of the word ‘analysis’, is:
calculating. __________ (Person) who excel in this a) analysies
intelligence like to experiment, solve ____________ b) analyses
(puzzle) play with logic __________ (game), read about c) analyze
___________ (investigation), and solve ___________ d) analysi
(mystery). e) analys
Assinale a alternativa que completa correta e 22) (Prefeitura de Bataguassu – MS 2021) Assinale a
respectivamente as lacunas considerando os plurais de alternativa em que todos os substantivos estão corretamente
substantivos em inglês americano. escritos no plural de acordo com as normas da Gramática
a) words - learners - classes - stories; students - activities - da Língua Inglesa:
seminares - debates - interviews; Persons - puzzles - a) radios – tomatoes – chiefs – wifes
games - investigations – mysteries b) mangoes – lice – oxen – bamboos
b) words - learners - classes - stories; students - activitys - c) wolves – handkerchiefs – mice – buses
seminars - debates - interviews; People - puzzles - d) cities – feet – studioes – children
games - investigations – mysteries 23) (IDHTEC 2019) Chicken - Beef – Fish
c) wordes - learners - classes - stories; studentes - activities a) Chickens- beeves- fishes
- seminars - debates - interviews; People - puzzles - b) Chicken – beefs – fishes
games - investigations – mysteries c) Chickens- beeves – fishs
d) words - learners - classes - stories; students - activities - d) Chickenes- beeves – fishes
seminars - debates - interviews; People - puzzles - e) Chicks – beefs- fishes
games - investigations – mysteries 24) (IDHTEC 2019) There were 50 __________ (PERSON) in
e) words - learners - classes - storys; students - activitys - the party.
seminars - debaties - interviews; Persons - puzzles - a) persons
games - investigations - mysteries b) people
16) (CONSULTEC 2010) The words “men" (L. 9) and c) personnes
"women” (L. 9) d) women and men
a) are examples of nouns that only have a plural form. e) crowd
b) are, respectively, singular and plural nouns. 25) (FACET Concursos 2020) Select the option that shows
c) are both plural nouns. words that follow the same rules for plural as: “approach”,
d) form the plural by adding an "s" to the singular form. “community” and “government”.
e) can be used v/ith the indefinite article "a”. a) coach, tax, car
17) (EEAr 2010) “...wives...” (line 2), have the same plural b) hoax, telephone, pen
form as, except c) roach, baby, book
a) life d) agency, tomato, child
b) shelf e) float, man, chair
c) thief 26) (VUNESP 2019) “Phenomenon”, in the second paragraph,
d) belief and “basis” in the third, are pluralized as “phenomena” and
18) (EFOMM 2010) Respectively, the plural forms of “hero”, “bases”, respectively. A number of other English words
”louse”, “ox” and “cactus” are: also have irregular plurals.
a) heros, louses, oxen, cactuses. Mark the alternative in which a singular noun is correctly
b) heros, lice, oxen, cacti. followed by its plural form.
c) heroes, louses, oxen, cacti. a) specie – species.
d) heroes, louses, oxen, cactuses. b) sheep – sheepies.
e) heroes, lice, oxen, cacti. c) people – peoples.
d) datum – data.
e) crises – crisis.

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27) (FUNDATEC 2020) The word “children” (l. 10) is the
plural of “child”. Mark the INCORRECT combination of
singular + plural form of the nouns.
a) Hero – Heroes.
b) Man – Men.
c) Half – Halves.
d) Woman – Women.
e) Tooth – Toothes.
28) (IESES 2014) Which word is not plural?
a) People
b) Species
c) Series
d) News
29) (COSEAC 2018) We may keep the sentence grammatically
correct by substituting “words” for:
“May I say a few words?”
a) information; because it’s an uncountable noun, just like
“words”.
b) informations; because it’s a countable noun in the
plural, just like “words”.
c) things; because it’s a countable noun in the plural, just
like “words”.
d) thing; because it’s a countable noun in the singular, just
like “words”.
e) stuffs; because it’s an uncountable noun in the plural,
just like “words”.
30) (FUNDATEC 2017) Consider the statements below:
I. The plural of the word ‘beauty’ (l.40) follows the same
rule that explains the formation of the plural
form ‘displays’ (l.24).
II. The plural of ‘crisis’ (l.05) is made by dropping ‘is’ and
adding ‘es’.
III. The rule that explains the formation of ‘values’ (l.30)
and ‘pages’ (l.13) is the same.
Which ones are correct?
a) Only I.
b) Only III.
c) Only I and III.
d) Only II and III.
e) I, II and III.
31) (FUNCAB 2014) Choose the option that contains the
correct plural forms of: company / facility / address / store,
respectively:
a) companys, facilitys, address, stores
b) companies, facilities, addressis, stories
c) companys, facilitys, addressis, stories
d) companies, facilities, addresses, stories
e) companies, facilities, addresses, stores

216
 Gabarito
1) C
2) D
3) C
4) B
5) B
6) D
7) C
8) C
9) B
10) D
11) E
12) A
13) A
14) C
15) D
16) C
17) D
18) E
19) A
20) A
21) B
22) B
23) A
24) B
25) C
26) D
27) E
28) D
29) C
30) D
31) E

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 Substantivos – Nous: Genders 10) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta um substantivo que ao passar pro
1) (EPCAR 2017) “His own daughter Paris Jackson took a
feminino, recebe o mesmo sufixo que o feminino de “god”:
photo of him” (lines 6 and 7).
Mark the correct masculine type of the highlighted word. a) waiter
b) executor
a) Niece.
c) prosecutor
b) Sister.
c) Brother. d) hero
d) Son. 11) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
2) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um substantivo masculino:
alternativa que apresenta um substantivo comum de dois a) Ship
b) Uncle
gêneros:
c) Aunt
a) Dog
d) Spinster
b) Drake
12) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre a divisão de
c) Author
gênero dos substantivos, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
d) Bull
a) A maioria dos substantivos que se referem a pessoas e a
3) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
suas profissões/funções são neutros
alternativa que NÃO apresenta um substantivo comum de
b) Em alguns casos, acrescenta-se o sufixo “ess” para
dois gêneros:
passar um substantivo pro feinino
a) God
c) Para todos os animais, deve-se colocar um prefixo para
b) Artist
indicar se está se referindo a um macho ou a uma fêmea
c) Doctor
d) Alguns substantivos possuem formas irregulares do
d) Child
femino.
4) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
As questões 13 – 27 são referentes a marcar o feminino do
alternativa incorreta quanto a forma do feminino:
a) Boy – girl substantivo apresentado na questão
13) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Uncle
b) Brother – sister
a) Aunt
c) Bull – bulless
b) Uncle (comum de dois gêneros)
d) Lion - lioness
c) Ucless
5) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a d) Parent
alternativa incorreta quanto a forma do feminino: 14) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Groom
a) God – goddess a) Bride
b) Husband – Husbandess b) Groom (comum de dois gêneros)
c) Prince – princess c) Groomess
d) Poet – poetess d) Bridess
6) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a 15) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Husband
alternativa incorreta quanto a forma do feminino: a) Wife
a) Dog – bitch b) Hubby
b) Drake – duck c) Husbandess
c) Husband – Wife d) Hubbiess
d) Widower – widowess 16) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Nephew
7) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a a) Nephewess
alternativa que NÃO apresenta um substantivo comum de b) shah
dois gêneros: c) Niece
a) Friend d) Nephew (comum de dois gêneros)
b) Neighbor 17) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Monarch
c) Scientist a) Monarchess
d) Bride b) Queen
8) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a c) Lady
alternativa que NÃO apresenta um substantivo comum de d) Monarch (comum de dois gêneros)
dois gêneros: 18) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Wizard
a) Student a) Wizard (Comum de dois gêneros)
b) Teacher b) Não apresenta feminino
c) Waiter c) Wirzardess
d) Person d) Witch
9) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Qual é o feminino 19) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Lawyer
de “bull”? a) Layeress
a) bulless b) Lawyer (comum de dois gêneros)
b) ox c) Já está no femino
c) cow d) Não apresenta feminino
d) Bull (comum de dois gêneros)

218
20) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Horse
a) Horsess
b) She – horse
c) Horse (substantivo comum de dois gêneros)
d) Mare
21) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) manservant
a) maidservant
b) menservant
c) manservant (comum de dois gêneros)
d) manservantess
22) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) he-bear
a) Não apresenta feminino
b) He-bear (comum de dois gêneros)
c) she-bear
d) he-bearess
23) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) ship
a) shipess
b) boat
c) Já está no feminino
d) Não apresenta feminino
24) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) hero
a) heroine
b) heroess
c) hero (comum de dois gêneros)
d) não apresenta feminino
25) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) executor
a) executrix
b) executores
c) she-executor
d) executor (comum de dois gêneros)
26) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) sultan
a) sultan (comum de dois gêneros)
b) sultaness
c) sultana
d) não apresenta feminino
27) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) baron
a) baron (comum de dois gêneros)
b) barona
c) não apresenta feminino
d) baroness
28) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta somente substantivos femininos:
a) Princess, drake e rooster
b) Hen, duck e prince
c) Ship, baroness e ewe
d) Ox, nun e lady
29) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta somente substantivos masculinos:
a) Son, aunt e nephew
b) King, bitch e queen
c) Monk, bachelor e groom
d) Ship, father e lord
30) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a
alternativa que apresenta somente substantivos comum de
dois gêneros:
a) Teacher, doctor e window
b) Student, friend e poet
c) Guest, cousin e chicken
d) Artist, scientist e god

219
 Gabarito
1) D
2) C
3) A
4) C
5) B
6) D
7) D
8) C
9) C
10) A
11) B
12) C
13) A
14) A
15) A
16) C
17) D
18) D
19) B
20) C
21) A
22) C
23) C
24) A
25) A
26) C
27) D
28) C
29) D
30) C

220
 Adjetivos – Adjectives 4) (Colégio Naval 2018) Mark the sentence which has an
adjective that is NOT in the superlative degree.
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Complete the dialogue using the
a) Stephen Hawking, one of the most famous scientists of
right form of the adjectives.
A: Would you like to go to the beach on Friday? the 21st century (...).
b) But his ideas (...) are the greatest legacy he left to the
B: Actually, I think Saturday is ___________________ for
world.
me. Friday is my___________________ day.
Choose the item that respectively completes the gaps. c) He was not the best student at fundamental or high
a) the best / busier school.
b) better / busiest d) His most notorious theory is that black holes can emit
c) good / the most busiest radiation.
e) He started to get worse, and, eventually, became
d) best / the busiest
confined to a wheelchair.
e) good / the busier
5) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the following sentence taken
2) (Colégio Naval 2018) All the underlined words in text I are
from the text.
adjectives, EXCEPT:
"Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as they
Social media ’destroying how society works'
try to control what is now the worst outbreak of the
A former Facebook executive has said social media is
coronavirus in Europe."
doing great harm to society around the world.
Mark the adjective that forms its Superlative the same way
The executive is a man called Chamath Palihapitiya. He
as the underlined word.
joined Facebook in 2007 a n d became a vice president. He
a) High.
was responsible for increasing the number of users
b) Good.
Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels very guilty
c) Early.
about getting more people to use social networks. He said
d) Elderly.
the networks are destroying society because they are
e) Extraordinary.
changing people's behavior. Twenty years ago, people
talked to each other face to face. Today, people message 6) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the sentence below.
"During meditation, you focus your attention and eliminate
each other and do not talk. People also really care about
the stream of jumbled thouqhts."
what other people think of them. They post photos and wait
to see how many people like the photo. They get very sad if The adjective "jumbled" (underlined in the sentence) can be
people do not like the photo. replaced without change in meaning by:
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break a) good.
from social media so they can experience real life. He b) awful.
c) useless.
wants people to value each other instead of valuing online
d) enjoyable.
"hearts, likes, and thumbs-up". Palihapitiya also points out
e) disordered.
how fake news is affecting how we see the world, it is
7) (Colégio Naval 2021) All the sentences have comparative
becoming easier for large websites to spread lies. It is also
or superlative adjectives EXCEPT for
becoming easier to hurt other people online. Anyone can
a) “This generation has been raised on the internet and
hide behind a fake user name and post lies about other
social media, with some the oldest finishing college by
people. Palihapitiya said this was a global problem. He is
2020 and entering the workforce.”
worried about social media so much that he has banned his
b) “Generation Z is the youngest, most ethnically-diverse,
children from using it. However, he did state that Facebook
and largest generation in American history, comprising
was a good company. He said: "Of course, it's not all bad.
Facebook overwhelmingly does good in the world." 27% of the US population”
c) “They communicate primarily through social media and
a) social.
texts, and spend as much time on their phones as older
b) global.
generations do watching television.”
c) long.
d) “The majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to
d) executive.
traditional cable, as well as getting snackable content
e) former.
they can get on their phones and computers.”
3) (Colégio Naval 2018) Mark the sentence that does NOT
contain the use of comparative adjective. e) “Gen Z is the most ethnically diverse and largest
a) It's easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy generation in American history, and eclipses all other
the places where your favorite movies were made. generations before it in embracing diversity and
b) You’ll certainly have a better impression of the place. inclusion.”
c) It’s fun to sometimes let a destination determine the
movie you’re going to live rather than the other way
around.
d) Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it into
the movie adaptations, which gives you a deeper view
of the destination.
e) A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour
Roman Holiday themed excursion from HR Tours.

221
8) (Colégio Naval 2022) Read the comic strip below. 14) (EPCAR 2021) In the passage Fortnite, the most recent
gaming phenomenon (l. 2 - 3), the underlined phrase is an
example of
a) comparative.
b) conjunction.
c) superlative.
d) adverb.
15) (EsSA 2019) Which sentence is grammatically correct?
a) Camila’s dress is cheaper than mine.
b) I went to bed more earlier than usual.
c) Gustavo is more old than his brother.
d) Going by train is expensiver than by car.
e) My car is more fast than my sister’s car.
16) (EsSA 2022) Marque a opção que melhor completa o
espaço em branco.
Mark the right option to fill in the blank in the cartoon. “Colonel is a _______________ rank in the army but it is
a) more disgusting than _______________ than General.”
b) as disgusting than a) highest – lowest
c) the most disgusting than b) low – high
d) the least disgusting than c) highest – low
e) disgustinger than d) lowest – highest
9) (EPCAR 2013) The comparative form of the underlined e) high – lower
word in the sentence “Webster’s dictionary [...] adopted the 17) (EEAr 1. 2016) Select the alternative that completes the
American orthography familiar today” ílines 6 and 7) is extract below.
a) most familiar. One day, Billy was playing basketball in his friend’s garage
b) more familiar than. in Kokoma, Indiana. He was having a great time. Suddenly,
c) the most familiar. it became dark. A very loud noise frightened him. He
d) the more familiar. looked up and saw the sky was very grey; it became very
10) (EPCAR 2015) “Many adolescents act this way because windy. Without warning, a gust of wind broke the garage
they feel frustrated or angry (...)” (lines 20-21). The into pieces. Billy was very ________.That storm was really
comparative form of the underlined word is ________.
a) more angry a) frightened – scared
b) angrier than. b) frightened – scaring
c) more angrier. c) frightening – scared
d) more angry than. d) frightening – scaring
11) (EPCAR 2016) The underlined word in “those in 18) (EEAr 1. 2017) “I find the easiest way to expand my
wheelchairs or with a learning disability.” (lines 25 and 26) vocabulary is to make up words.”
is used in the same grammatical way as in The underlined word in the phrase implies an idea of
a) Teachers are learning how to deal with disabled a) comparative adjectives
students. b) superlative adjectives
b) Learning English is a necessity nowadays. c) comparisons
c) He's learning how to deal with his brother’s disability. d) adverb
d) The learning theory is common in Western societies. 19) (EEAr 2. 2017) The adjective “healthier”, underlined in the
12) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the sentence from the text that is an text, is a ____________.
example of comparative form. And becoming healthier doesn’t mean you have to make
a) Owned or controlled by an ‘employer’. (line 18) major changes.
b) Most child marriages can be considered slavery. (lines a) superlative
58 and 59) b) comparative of equality
c) [...] people are much more vulnerable to slavery [...] c) comparative of inferiority
(lines 74 and 75) d) comparative of superiority
d) [...] that need to be taken to end slavery across the 20) (EEAr 2. 2017) Choose the best alternative to complete the
world. (lines 86 and 87) blank in the text
13) (EPCAR 2019) Read the sentences from the text and A __________ fact about Australia is that one Australian
classify them. The underlined excerpts are examples of family in three (that’s approximately 33%) speak another
“Project Phoenix, which used three of the most powerful language, apart from English.
radio telescopes in the world:” (lines 46 to 48). a) surprises
“there’s a chance we may still find much simpler life b) surprised
forms.” (lines 75 and 76). c) surprising
a) comparative and superlative. d) surprisingly
b) superlative and comparative.
c) superlative of inferiority.
d) comparative of equality.

222
21) (EEAr 2. 2018) The expression “most sensational”, in the 26) (EEAr 2. 2021) The adjective “empty”, in the comic strip,
cartoon, is being used as is the antonym of “full”. Choose the alternative that has the
right antonyms for “neat” and “dirty”, respectively.

a) comparative adjective.
b) superlative adjective.
c) preposition.
d) adverb
22) (EEAr 1. 2019) The word “easier”, in the text, is in the:

a) interesting and clean

b) beautiful and long
c) messy and clean
d) bright and long
Texto para as questões 27 e 28
a) base form Human-induced global heating ‘causes over a third of heat
b) superlative form deaths’
c) comparative form More than a third of all heat-related deaths around the
d) past participle form world between 1991 and 2018 can be attributed to human-
23) (EEAr 1. 2019) The adjective form “the best” and “nice” induced global heating, research has found.
have as their comparative forms, respectively: Climate breakdown has a range of effects ranging from
a) good and nicer.
wildfires to extreme weather. As the temperatures rise, more
b) better and nicer.
intense and frequent heatwaves disproportionately affect
c) best and the nicer. elderly people and those with underlying chronic conditions
d) the better and the nicest.
such as asthma, making them more vulnerable to disease and
24) (EEAr 1. 2021) The words in bold, in the text, are in the premature death.
Fires and Hurricanes A study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change,
In the US, fires burn in the west. Also, hurricanes hit the used data from 732 locations in 43 countries to calculate the
east. However, extreme weather is more and more usual in number of deaths attributed to heat levels higher than the ideal
all of the world. temperature for human health, which varies across locations.
Scientists think that human activity brings more extreme The researchers examined past weather conditions
weather. The planet is getting warmer. simulated under scenarios with and without emissions triggered
A study finds that people are responsible for 97% of by human activity – allowing them to separate the warming and
fires in the US. Warmer temperatures mean more fires. related health impact linked with human activity from natural
The fires start very easily. They are bigger. It is harder to trends.
stop them. Overall, they found 37% of all heat-related deaths in the
Warmer temperatures also make more hurricanes. The locations studied were attributable to human activity – but the
hurricanes are stronger. It is more common that they get largest climate change-induced contributions (more than 50%)
the land. They break up houses. They kill people, too.
were in southern and western Asia (Iran and Kuwait), south-
Scientists expect more hurricanes this year. The hurricane east Asia (the Philippines and Thailand) and Central and South
season ends on November 30th.
America.
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/fires-and- Adapted from:
hurricanes-level-1/
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/31/huma
a) comparative form. n-induced-global-heating-causes-over-third-heat-deaths
b) simple past form. 27) (EEAr 2. 2021) The adjective “largest” in bold is in the:
c) superlative form. a) comparative form
d) base form. b) superlative form
25) (EEAr 2. 2021) The word LONGEST, in the picture, and c) neutral form
LONGER, in the text, are in the ____________ and d) inferior form
____________ forms, respectively. 28) (EEAr 2. 2021) The opposite of “higher” in bold in the text
a) comparative / superlative is:
b) superlative / comparative a) more expensive
c) comparative / imperative b) extreme
d) superlative / imperative c) cheaper
d) lower

223
29) (EEAr 1. 2022) Choose the alternative that represents the 35) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Hijacked jets destroy Twin
correct position of the adjective YELLOW in the Towers: a creeping horror
expression in bold. The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling
The City of London first started to plan a new bridge disbelief, signified first by trembling floors, sharp
across the Thames in 1876. eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of
a) new bridge yellow bodies helplessly tumbling out, some of them in flames.
b) yellow new bridge Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were
c) new yellow bridge reduced to nothing. Dense plumes of smoke raced through
d) bridge new yellow the downtown avenues, coursing between the buildings,
30) (EEAr 1. 2022) The words in bold are in the: shaped like tornadoes on their sides.
I’ve had the highest mountains Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared
I’ve had the deepest rivers overhead. Was another one coming? No, it was a fighter jet.
a) comparative. But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for their
b) superlative. lives, but they didn’t know where to go. Should people go
c) equality. north, south, east, west? Stay outside, go indoors? People
d) future. hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated
31) (EEAr 2. 2022) The only victim of the crash was the jumping into the river (…).
________ pilot. Fonte: The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001.
Volcano eruption in Italy GLOSSARY
A volcano eruption in southern Italy caused chaos in the chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora
skies yesterday. The eruption produced a cloud of smoke trembling floors – o tremor dos andares
that slowly spread itself over an area of thousands of square to scramble – lutar
kilometers. The excessive amount of ash particles in the Which word, from the text, is being used as an adjective?
airspace caused a biplane to crash. The fine gray particles a) creeping (title)
got inside both engines and, all of a sudden, neither of them b) coursing (line 7)
were working. The crash had one fatal victim: a 21-year-old c) tumbling (line 4)
pilot named Antonella Ponzini. Her father, a rich d) jumping (line 15)
landowner, is said to be devastated at the loss of his only 36) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Which of the following are examples
daughter. of Comparative and Superlative adjectives, respectively?
a) young Italian beautiful The practical impacts of climate change can be hard to
b) beautiful Italian young predict because of the large scales of time and geography
c) Italian beautiful young over which changes are occurring. But more frequent jolts
d) beautiful young Italian in midair could be one way in which individuals will soon
32) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the alternative with possible literally feel the effects.
antonyms of the adjectives “awesome” and “close”. A new scientific study says that severe turbulence could
“My year abroad in the United States was a truly awesome become two to three times more common later this century
experience. I’m not a shy person, and I was very when there is twice as much carbon dioxide in the
comfortable speaking to everyone, so I got lots of speaking atmosphere.
practice. (...) When I got home, my close friends couldn’t ‘Our new study paints the most detailed picture yet of
believe how much I had improved!” Mariko Okada – how aircraft turbulence will respond to climate change,’
Tokyo (Neil J. Anderson) says author Dr. Paul Williams. ‘Even the most seasoned
a) unimpressive - distant frequent fliers may be alarmed at the prospect of a 149%
b) extraordinary - young increase in severe turbulence, which frequently hospitalizes
c) phenomenal - foreign air travelers and flight attendants around the world.’
d) rare - intimate Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical
33) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Choose the alternative so as to have wind shears in the jet stream, at the cruising altitude for
the passage completed correctly. most jet aircraft. Wind shears can become unstable and
Many people believe that pilots earn a lot of money. But the cause turbulence.
real fact is _____ the airline is, _____ pilots’ salary is. Williams used supercomputers simulations that
Smaller budget airlines can not afford to pay their pilots calculate clear-air turbulence along Transatlantic routes in
that much. winter and found all turbulence strength levels will increase
a) the largest – the highest in a world with twice as much CO2. The computer models
b) the larger – the highest show the average amount of light turbulence will increase
c) the largest – the higher by 59%, light-to-moderate turbulence by 75%, moderate by
d) the larger – the higher 94%, moderate-to-severe by 127%, and severe by 149%.
34) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Choose the correct alternative to Ironically, or perhaps poetically, aviation has long been
complete the article (line 1). recognized as a major contributor of greenhouse gases to
The U2 was one of _____ military planes of the Cold War. the atmosphere.
a) as famous as Fonte:www.forbes.com
b) the most famous GLOSSARY
c) less famous than jolt – solavanco
d) more famous than seasoned – experiente

224
 wind shear – tesoura de vento
a) severe (line 14) / major contributor (line 28)
b) stronger (line 16) / the most seasoned (line 12)
c) more frequent (line 3) / twice as much (line 23)
d) more common (line 7) / most jet aircraft (lines 17 and
18)
37) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) The word “deadliest”, undelined in
the text, is a
The fiery crash of an ageing passenger jet close to Havana’s
main airport killed 110 people while three survivors remain
gravily in the hospital, making it the Caribean island’s
deadliest air disaster in nearly 30 years.
a) Superlative
b) comparative of equality
c) comparative of inequality
d) comparative of superiority
38) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) Choose the best alternative to have
the text completed correctly.
PRESSURE
Commercial airplane cabins are generally pressurized to
an equivalent of 6,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level, in an
effort to maintain a healthy oxygen level for both the
passengers and the flight crew. When a passenger jet is
flying at a cruising altitude of over 36,000 feet, the pressure
outside the cabin is_____________ than inside the
pressurized cabin. Air pressure has a tendency to equalize,
moving from areas of high pressure to low pressure to
achieve equilibrium. When a hole rips open on a plane, the
suction resulting from the pressure difference between the
cabin and the sky could pull nearby people or objects
outside. Depending on the size of the hole, such accidents
could either create just enough force to shuffle papers
around, or, pull a full-size human out of the plane. Survival
is unlikely for anyone fully sucked out into the sky.
While in-flight incidents are extremely rare, if you want
to survive a crash, research suggests the best place to sit is
in a middle seat toward the back of the plane.
a) more low
b) the lowest
c) much lower
d) the most low
39) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) Choose the alternative that completes
the text with the correct comparatives.
To tip, or not to tip?
The word tip comes from an old English slang.
Americans usually tip people in places like restaurants,
airports, hotels, and hair salons.
People who work in these places often get paid low
wages. A tip shows that the customer is pleased with
service.
Sometimes it’s hard to know how much to tip. The size
of the tip usually depends on the service. People such as
parking valets or bellshops usually get (small)
_____________ tips. The tip for people such as taxi drivers
and waiters or waitresses is usually (large) _____________.
When you’re not sure about how much to tip, do what
feels right. You don’t have to tip for bad services. And you
can give a (big) _____________ tip for a very good service.
Remember, though, your behavior is (important)
_____________ than your money. Always treat service
providers with respect.
Adapted from Interchange
225
a) smaller – larger – bigger – more important.
b) smaller – the largest – bigger – the most important.
c) the smallest – the largest – bigger – the most important.
d) the smallest – the largest – the biggest – the most
important.
40) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The word “stronger”, in the text, is
used in the:
a) Superlative
b) Comparative of equality
c) Comparative of inferiority
d) Comparative of superiority
41) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) In the alternatives below, there are
superlative forms of adjectives from the text. The
superlative form of good, bad and big are:
a) The best, the worse, the bigger.
b) The best, the worst, the biggest.
c) The good, the worst, the big.
d) Better, worse, bigger.
42) (EsPCEx 2016) In the sentence “This could have an effect
further ahead in the food chain.” (paragraph 4), the word
further expresses
a) addition.
b) distance.
c) contrast.
d) time.
e) conclusion
43) (AFA 2011) Look at the bold comparative form (item 2).
Choose the option that contains a similar construction.
“the more skills you have, the better”
a) The earlier we get there, the more likely we are to get
good seats.
b) More and more people travel to England.
c) The smoothest Channel crossing you’ll ever have! Why
not fly to France with British Airways? It’ll be the best
decision you’ve ever made.
d) Our new jets are now far more luxurious.
44) (AFA 2014) Mark the option that contains an adjective in
the same form as in “The safest industries and jobs are
dominated by managers [...]” (lines 62 and 63).
a) “The truth is scarier.” (lines 77 and 78)
b) “[...] the least likely to be automated.” (lines 26 and 27)
c) “Where do machines work better than people?” (line 11)
d) “Tractors are more powerful than farmers.” (lines 11
and 12)
45) (AFA 2015) Choose the option which shows the same kind
of comparison in the underlined adjective in “friendship is
considered to be closer than association” (lines 13-14).
a) Americans have no best friends.
b) While less restricted in Russia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend.
46) (AFA 2016) n the fragment “why the former is not the
latter” (line 19), the highlighted words refer to
a) multiple intelligences / learning style.
b) over time / theory.
c) ways to reach students / traditional approaches.
d) traditional approaches / K-12 educators.
47) (AFA 2019) The fragment “the most commonly diagnosed
cancers” (lines 06 and 07) is an example of
a) superlative.
b) comparative of superiority.
c) comparative of inferiority.
 d) comparative of equality.
48) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the alternative that correctly
shows the comparative form of the adjectives below.
far - good – bad – easy – old
a) further - best – worst – easier – oldest
b) farther - better – worse – easiest – older
c) further - better – worse – easier – elder
d) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
e) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest
49) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct alternative.
a) She is a young fat lady.
b) It’s a new black Italian handbag.
c) It’s an American modern little house.
d) It’s a white old lovely dog.
e) It’s a philosophical old discussion.
50) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct alternative.
a) Anna is the more intelligent girl in this room.
b) He plays best than his brother.
c) The commonest reason given for absence from school is
flu.
d) Would you please talk quietlier?
e) Richard is the nicer of the three brothers.
51) (EFOMM 2019) Mark the correct sentence
a) There are less people living in the country nowadays.
b) I have two daughters; the oldest is fifteen years-old.
c) Which of these cities is furthest from London?
d) This room is a lot cleaner than the other.
e) The harder I study, the least I leam.
52) (Escola Naval 2013) What is the correct way to complete
the text below?
"American Field Service, one of (1) ____ Exchange
programs, said it saw a 6 percent increase in the number of
families willing to host students next year."
a) older
b) the oldest
c) the older
d) oldest
e) the most old
53) (Escola Naval 2014) What is the correct way to complete
the text below?
If you are visualizing many paradisiacal swims in clear blue
waters, then the Croatian islands are calling your name.
Most of the residents of Croatian islands have their own
small boats to travei between islands and the coast - it's
_____________ way to get around.
(Adapted from http://www.travelchannel.com)
a) Easy
b) the easier
c) easiest
d) the easiest
e) easier
54) (Escola Naval 2014) What is the correct way to complete
the text below?
Learning a second language is not _______ learning a first
language. It is _________.
a) the same like/ harder
b) the same/ more hard
c) the same as/ harder
d) the same/ more harder
e) the same as/ more hard
226
55) (Escola Naval 2015) Which sequence best completes this
paragraph from a recommendation letter?
John is a very ____________ teacher. Attractive
and professional-looking, he has __________ interpersonal
skills and is _________ understood by students and parents
alike. He carries out every responsibility ____________
and in a timely manner.
(Adapted from http://www.writeexpress.com).
a) committed/good/easy/good.
b) committing/good/easily/well.
c) committing/well/easy/good.
d) committed/well/easy/well.
e) committed/good/easily/well.
56) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct way to complete
the paragraph below?
Unclean Water Kills Half a Million Newborns a Year
In 18 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, access to water in
health care facilities is as ________ 20 percent. Access to
water in larger hospitais is typically ________ than it is in
smaller, primary health clinics, where most people receive
their care, the report finds.
(Adapted from http://www.newsweek.com).
a) low as/ better.
b) low/ better.
c) less than/ good.
d) least/ good.
e) less than/ best.
57) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct way to complete
the paragraph below?
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which
are related to our first language are __________ . Learning
a completely different writing system is a huge challenge,
but that does not necessarily make a language __________
another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one
language that is ______ language in the world.
(Adapted from www.usingenglish.com)
a) easier/ more difficult/ harder
b) the easiest/ more difficult/ harder
c) as easy as/ the most difficult/ the hardest
d) easier/ more difficult than/ the hardest
e) the easiest/ more difficult than/ the harder
58) (Escola Naval 2018) Mark the option that completes the
excerpt below correctly.
Our study analyzed 7.1-billion miles ______, to update
our______distracted driving study w ith _______
and_____data. We covered 4.5-miilion drivers across all
American states and territories, from December 2017
through Fébruary 2018. We found that distracted driving is
far______previously reported.
(Abridged from http ://blog,zendrive.com/)
a) further / latest / fresher / deeper / worse than
b) farthest / the later / fresher / deeper / worse than
c) farther / latest / the freshest / the deepest / worst than
d) farer / the later / the freshest / the deepest / the worst
e) furthest / the later / the freshest / the deepest / the worst
59) (Escola Naval 2019) Which option completes the tips
below correctly?
Leadership
- ______ way to lead is to lead by example. A good
leader tells you how it’s done, a great one shows you how.
- As a leader,________ thing that you can give your team
members is your time. A lot of them will go through a bad
 phase or will be clueless about what to do. At those
times, they need to know you are there.
- People will look up to you. At times, even for things in
which they are fa r________ than you. You don’t have to
take their decisions, just provide them your confidence so
that they can take their decisions.
(Abridged from:
https://yourstory.com/mystory/4b6ce51011-85-things-
ilearned-being-a-ceo)
a) The better / the bigger / the most skill
b) The better / the bigger / more skilled
c) Better / bigger / most skilled
d) The best / the biggest / more skilled
e) The best / the biggest / most skilled
60) (Escola Naval 2020) Mark the option that completes the
paragraph below correctly.
The Russian Vostok weather station in Antarctica has
recorded temperatures as ______ as -89.2ºC (-128.6ºF).
Here, the _______ temperature ever measured is -14ºC
(7ºF).
(Adapted from
<https://www.climatestotravel.com/clîmate/antarctica>)
a) lowest / high
b) low / higher
c) low / highest
d) lower / higher
e) lower / highest
61) (Escola Naval 2021) Read the sentences below.
I – She has a _______ job.
II – I enjoyed the movie at first, but after a time I got
______ with it.
III – I was _________ at her knowledge of literature.
IV – Which do you find more __________, traveling by
caro or by bus?
Which option completes the sentences correctly?
a) stressed / boring / surprised / tired
b) stressful / boring / surprising / tiring
c) stressing / bored / surprising / tired
d) stressed / boring / surprised / tireless
e) stressful / bored / surprised / tiring
62) (ITA 2011) As lacunas I e II devem ser preenchidas,
respectivamente, por
227
a) led – leading.
b) leader – led.
c) leading – led.
d) led – leader.
e) leader – leading.
63) (ITA 2013) Substituindo os adjetivos long e
comprehensive, respectivamente, por easy e rich na oração
“Harvard conducted one of the longest and most
comprehensive studies of human development” (linha 1),
teremos:
a) the most easy - the richest
b) the easiest - the most rich
c) the more easy - the richer
d) the easiest - the richest
e) the most easy - the most rich
64) (ITA 2013) Em “the more I learn, the less clear anything
gets”, mantém-se o mesmo sentido em:
a) more learning, less obscurity.
b) more learning, more obscurity.
c) less learning, more obscurity.
d) less learning, less doubts.
e) more doubts, more obscurity.
65) (ITA 2015) Todas as frases abaixo contêm adjetivo com
flexão de grau, exceto:
a) …photos of oneself convey more these days than
snapshots ever did back in the Kodak era.(linhas 3/4)
b) …it can be a stressful task to select the photo that
conveys the best impression of ourselves.(linhas 6/7)
c) …participants picked faces with happier expressions as
financial advisors… (linha 30)
d) …and [participants] selected broader faces as belonging
to power-lifting champs.(linhas 30/31)
e) …and generally saw the average “financial advisor”
face as more trustworthy… (linha 37)
66) (ITA 2016) Na frase "But now we can transcend it, with
light beams, light sails, and the lightest spacecraft ever
built." (linhas 10 e 11), é correto afirmar que
a) o adjetivo light é usado duas vezes no grau normal e
uma no comparativo.
b) a palavra light significa luz e tem função de agente dos
verbos beam e sail.
c) the lightest significa a mais leve e está flexionada no
grau superlativo.
d) somente nas duas primeiras ocorrências, o significado
de light é leve.
e) as três ocorrências da palavra light têm o mesmo
significado
67) (ITA 2017) Todas as frases abaixo usam a forma
comparativa do adjetivo, EXCETO:
a) The rent is cheaper, (linha 3)
b) …you reduce your possessions to the least possible.
(linha 9)
c) …the more we have, the happier we will be. (linha 13)
d) I feel more content now than I ever did in the past.
(linha 19)
e) But by having fewer things around, (linha 36)
 Gabarito 62) A
1) B 63) D
2) D 64) B
3) C 65) A
4) E 66) C
5) B 67) B
6) E
7) D
8) A
9) B
10) B
11) D
12) C
13) B
14) C
15) A
16) E
17) B
18) B
19) D
20) C
21) B
22) C
23) B
24) A
25) B
26) C
27) B
28) D
29) C
30) B
31) D
32) A
33) D
34) B
35) A
36) B
37) A
38) C
39) A
40) D
41) B
42) D
43) A
44) B
45) C
46) A
47) A
48) C
49) B
50) A
51) D
52) B
53) D
54) C
55) E
56) A
57) D
58) A
59) D
60) C
61) E

228
 Advérbios – Adverbs
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the sentences below.
I- I work hardly every day.
II- My classmates speak French very well.
III- Ana drives incredibly fast.
IV- Our father is a very carefully driver.
Choose the option according to the correct use of the adverbs
and modifiers.
a) Only the sentences I, lll and IV are correct.
b) Only the sentences I and lll are correct.
c) Only the sentences II and lll are correct.
d) Only the sentences II, lll and IV are correct.
e) Only the sentences III and IV are correct.
2) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the following sentence taken
from the text.
"All authorities have acted quickly and with great caution."
Mark the option that contains a sentence with the same type
of adverb underlined in the sentence above.
a) John looked around but he couldn't see the monkey.
b) He is probably in the park.
c) The water was extremely cold.
d) He swims well.
e) I will call you later.
3) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the following sentence.
“People often associate racismo with acts of abuse or
harassment”
The underlined word “often” can be replaced by
a) Seldon
b) Usually
c) Rarely
d) Always
e) Never
4) (EPCAR 2014) The opposite of never (line 9) is
“In the future, digital art and real art will never be
diferente.”
a) seldom.
b) always.
c) usually.
d) often.
5) (EPCAR 2016) In the sentence “Usually called ableism, a
less well-known form of prejudice” (lines 23 and 24), the
underlined expression means
a) always.
b) rarely.
c) frequently.
d) seldom.
6) (EPCAR 2017) Mark the alternative that CANNOT
replace the word “too” (line 31) in the text.
“Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through this list. We
can make it to the end. Dig deep. Well, not too deep. You
see, the Earth is hollow and accessible via portals at the
north and south poles. Luckily though, it's quite habitable
down there, providing excellent living quarters for the lost
Viking colonies of Greenland and the Nazis, while "aliens"
are in fact just visitors from the subterranean areas.”
a) Extremely.
b) Also.
c) Very.
d) So.
229
7) (EPCAR 2021) Mark the sentence in which the underlined
expression does NOT express frequency.
a) If it isn’t causing serious harm and disorder to daily
function, it isn’t an addiction (l. 15 - 16)
b) Equally true is the fact that parents have been
complaining about their unhelpful children (l. 26 - 27)
c) Players often meet in the virtual environment to chat
and socialize (l. 66 - 67)
d) Playing about one hour per day improved psychological
well-being (l. 31 - 32)
8) (EEAr 1. 2016) Choose the sentence that contains a one-
word adverb.
a) We are having lunch in a big Japanese restaurant.
b) I’ve bought an old table for my kitchen.
c) She lives in an amazing white house.
d) Maria slowly opened her present.
9) (EEAr 1. 2016) The child and his mother
A curious child asked his mother: “Mommy, why are some
of your hairs turning grey?”
The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It
is because of you, dear. Every bad action of yours will turn
one of my hair grey!”
The child replied innocently: “Now I know why
grandmother has only grey hairs on her head.”
The word “innocently” (line 06), in bold type in the text, is
an adverb of
a) time
b) place
c) manner
d) probability
10) (EEAr 1. 2016) In the sentence “I hardly ever watch TV at
night.”, the expression in bold type is an adverb of
a) place
b) manner
c) frequency
d) probability
11) (EEAr 2. 2016) The underlined words in the text, often and
regularly are closest in meaning to
Bento boxes
People in offices in Japan often have a bento at
lunchtime. They do not eat a meal in a restaurant; they eat a
bento in the office. They regularly have a menu for the
bentos in the office and they telephone a bento store with
their orders. The people at bento store make the bentos and
take them to all the offices at about 12p.m
a) always.
b) seldom.
c) frequently.
d) sometimes.
12) (EEAr 1. 2017) The Cutting Edge
Skating fans, listen up! The Cutting Edge is a romantic
movie with _____ skaters. The stars are practicing for the
Winter Olympics. Kate Mosely looks _______ on the ice,
but she isn’t a _______ person. All her partners leave
_____. Then her coach introduces her to Doug Dorsey.
Doug was a hockey star, so he skates well. At first, they
argue. To Kate, Doug is the wrong choice (he is not a
dancer). To Doug, ice dancing isn’t a serious sport.
Adapted from: Grammar Express Basic – For Self-Study
and Classroom Use
Choose the best alternative that completes the blanks with
adjectives or adverbs.
 a) well – beautifully – nicely – mostly
b) badly – beautiful – nicely – worst
c) well – beautifully – nicely – slow
d) great – beautiful – nice – quickly
13) (EEAr 2. 2017) The word “approximately” means
__________.
a) exactly
b) roughly
c) precisely
d) undoubtedly
14) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the alternative that best completes
the text
It was a beautiful summer afternoon with the sun
shining brightly. I excitedly phoned my friends asking them
to come over later for a barbecue.
After making the calls I quickly drove into town to buy
some food and drink. ________ I arrived at the shops I was
very surprised at _________ busy it was. Everyone must
have been shopping for a barbecue!
The first butchers I visited had completely run out of
sausages. The next shop had some left so I happily bought
some. After visiting a few more shops I had finally finished
my shopping. But I was starting to worry as it was 6 p.m.
and I had invited my friends to visit at 6:30 p.m.
I hastly rushed to the car park with all of my shopping
and threw it in the boot. Suddenly I notice that the cars
were moving really slowly out of the car park and there was
a bit of traffic jam. It was past 6:30 p.m. ________ I arrived
home and I was extremely worried. As a drove into my
drive I smiled happily when I saw my friends sitting in my
front garden. Luckily they had realized I was stuck at the
shops and they waited for me.
a) when / where / when
b) which / how / where
c) where / was / whose
d) when / how / when
15) (EEAr 2. 2020) Without changing the meaning of the
sentence, which alternative can replace the word, in bold
type, in the text?
The Importance of the English Language
Nowadays, more and more people are dedicating time
to studying English as a second language. Many countries
include English in their school syllabus and children are
starting to learn English at a younger and younger age. Do
you know why learning English is so important? Here are
five good reasons to take an English Language Course.
1. English is the most commonly spoken language in the
world. One out of five people can speak or at least
understand English!
2. Studying English can help you get a job.
3. English is the language of the Internet.
4. Travelling is a lot easier with a good knowledge of
English.
5. English gives you access to multiple cultures.
Adapted from https://www.british-
study.com/en/importance-of-english-language/
a) Previously
b) Eventually
c) Currently
d) Actually
230
16) (EEAr 2. 2020) In the sentence “My teacher told us to read
quietly”, “quietly” is an adverb of _________.
a) time
b) place
c) manner
d) Frequency
Texto para as questões 17 e 18
Read the conversation between Carol and Neil.
Neil: What do you do on New Year’s Day?
Carol: Well, we sometimes go downtown. They have
fireworks. It’s really pretty. Other people invite friends to their
house and they have a party.
Neil: Do you give presents to your friends and family?
Carol: No, we never give presents on New Year’s.
Neil: Do you have a meal with your family?
Carol: No, we do that on Christmas. On New Year’s we just
party!
From the Book World English 1A
17) (EEAr 1. 2022) Choose the alternative that best replaces
the word in bold without changing the meaning of the
adverb.
a) never
b) frequently
c) many times
d) occasionally
18) (EEAr 1. 2022) The word “really” can be replaced by the
words below, EXCEPT by:
a) definetely.
b) extremely.
c) questionably.
d) really and truly.
19) (EEAr 2. 2022) The word rarely, in bold in the text, is
closest in meaning to
“I spent last year in London. I’m from a small town, and
London is a very big city. (...) There were so many people
to talk to, but I always felt embarrassed about my English. I
missed my family and my two cats. My roommate was
always listening to loud music, so I rarely had the chance
for a nice long talk with my parents. It was a good
experience, but I am glad to be home!” Carla Fonseca –
Resende (Neil J. Anderson, editado)
a) sometimes.
b) seldom.
c) never.
d) often.
20) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) As used in (line 5), ‘currently’ can be
replaced by
Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And
Landing Private Jet
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying?
Here’s a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a
European Space Agency (ESA) business incubator center in
Bavaria – released an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater
plane called Lilium that’s currently in the works. With a top
speed of 250 mph and a range of 300 miles, the plane can
travel roughly between Munich and Berlin in about 90
minutes. And according to the ESA, if testing succeeds, this
will be the world’s first vertical takeoff and landing private
jet.
The project came about when Daniel Wiegand – one of the
four founders of Lilium – wanted to realize flying for the
masses in a fast, inexpensive, efficient and eco-friendly
 way. ‘Our goal is to develop an aircraft that doesn’t need
the complex and expensive infrastructure of an airport, can
be used close to urban areas, and doesn’t produce too much
noise and pollution,’ he said. So to produce this new class
of airplanes that could take off and land vertically anywhere
with a surface area of 250 square feet by 2018, Wiegand
and his team in Germany came up with a design using
electric engines and incorporated movable fan turbines.
Fonte: www.forbes.com
GLOSSARY
glimpse – uma ideia para entender melhor algo
a) now.
b) finally.
c) actually.
d) eventually.
21) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) Complete the text with the correct
alternative subsequently.
Roller skating
R.Jordania
Roller skating used to be strictly for children.
Nowadays, with the new neoprene wheels and frictionless
ballbearings, rollerskating has become popular with people
with of all ages and all social classes.
Not only do people skate, they also dance on roller
skates – ______ the term roller-disco.
To cater to the new fad, many indoor roller – disco rinks
are opening all over the country. There people can dance on
roller skates ______ in winter when there is snow and ice
on the ground.
Life in the USA.
a) even – that
b) that – even
c) why – hence
d) hence – even
22) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that best
completes the following sentence: “Mary thought the pie
was _______ tasty, so she ordered another slice”.
a) fairly
b) mainly
c) slightly
d) specially
23) (AFA 2011) Considering the boldfaced adverb in the text,
mark the sentence in which the underlined word has the
function of an adverb.
“Twilight was theatrically released on November 21 2010,
grossing over US$392 million worldwide and became the
most purchased DVD of the year”
a) Laura seems to be such a lovely person!
b) I won’t stay long, I promise.
c) Chess isn’t a very fast game.
d) Baseball is a hard game to understand.
24) (AFA 2014) “This first section deals with new positions
that will likely be developed within the next 10 years.” The
underlined word (line 15) is closest in meaning to
a) never.
b) exactly.
c) mainly.
d) probably.
231
25) (AFA 2020) The passage “the damage was nothing
compared to what had happened in Siberia nearly one
hundred years ago” (lines 7 to 9) states that the incident
occurred _______ a century ago.
a) actually
b) precisely
c) approximately
d) exactly
26) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternatives below
completes the sentence correctly?
“Because he was driving so _________ (1) he was _______
(2) hurt in the accident.”
a) fastly – hardly
b) quick – serious
c) fast – seriously
d) fastly – badly
e) quickly – serious
27) (Escola Naval 2012) Choose the best reply to this
statement.
Michelle: Have you replied to his e-mail yet?
You: (1)______. I've been busy all morning but I'll do it
a) Already
b) Not yet
c) Not still
d) Not already
e) Never
28) (Escola Naval 2020) Read the sentences below.
I- People shouldn't drive so ____.
II- I need to see a doctor because I haven't been feeling well
_____.
III- Although she's tried _______ to find a new job, she's
still unemployed.
Which option completes the sentences correctly?
a) fast/ late / hardly
b) quickly/ late / hardly
c) quick / late / hard
d) fast/ lately / hard
e) quickly/ lately / hardly
29) (ITA 2016) Marque a opção em que o item sublinhado
NÃO é classificado como um advérbio.
a) She casually checked her reflection in the mirror, [...]
(linha 2)
b) “Fortunately I was the boss and I just said, [...] (linha
13)
c) Finally, nothing else working, he scribbled on the
adjacent wall which cord was which. (linhas 16-17)
d) She wasn’t just seeing the twitches of aging but the
early fumes of the disease. (linha 25)
e) She long suspected it would eventually find her. (linha
40)
30) (IBFC 2017) Os advérbios têm a mesma função em inglês
e em português, ou seja, modificam um verbo, um adjetivo
outro advérbio ou uma frase completa.
Com base nessas informações analise as sequências
apresentadas a seguir.
I - Actively, quickly, easily, independently, carefully, poorly.
II - Above, below, here, there, near, far (from).
III - Today, yesterday, now, early, late, last next, soon, ago.
IV - Temporarily, shortly, indefinitely, permanently, forever.
V - Very, almost, extremely, greatly, partially, strongly,
totally.
VI - Possibly, perhaps, maybe, almost, certainly, definitely.
 Assinale a alternativa cuja correspondência entre os 34) (EEAr 2013) “hard”, in bold type in the extract, is an
exemplos (acima) e os tipos (abaixo) de advérbios está adverb of
correta. “I have to prepare the country for the World Cup and the
a) adverbs of manner, adverbs of place, adverbs of degree, Olympics, but I also have another commitment, and that is
adverbs of duration, adverbs of time, adverbs of to work very hard to end absolute poverty in Brazil. We
probability still have 14 million in poverty. That’s my major
b) adverbs of manner, adverbs of place, adverbs of time, challenge,” Dilma Roussef, Brazil’s first female president,
adverbs of duration, adverbs of degree, adverbs of said.
probability (Taken from The Washington Post Dec 5, 2010)
c) adverbs of place, adverbs of manner, adverbs of time, GLOSSARY
adverbs of duration, adverbs of degree, adverbs of commitment – compromisso
probability a) time.
d) adverbs of manner, adverbs of probability, adverbs of b) place.
time, adverbs of duration, adverbs of degree, adverbs of c) manner.
place d) frequency.
e) adverbs of probability, adverbs of place, adverbs of
time, adverbs of duration, adverbs of degree, adverbs of
manner
31) (NUCEPE 2019) The alternative that contains only adverbs
of frequency is
a) always – often – usually – rarely.
b) frequently – sometimes – early.
c) badly – often – never – actually.
d) really – seldom – hardly ever.
e) occasional – fast –there – finally.
32) (GUALIMP 2019) Indicate the best adverb that completes
the context in (c):
How we turned around literacy instruction and student
outreach
“A few years ago, leaders from Flagler Schools realized
that students from across our district were struggling.
Literacy scores were below target for elementary and
middle school students, and high school graduation rates
were not meeting expectations. We took a whole-district
approach and developed four key initiatives to better align
K-8 assessment and instruction and improve high school
graduation rates. Recognizing that literacy is tied to our
students’ overall success across all educational subjects
and grade levels, we took a two-step approach to
remediation, aimed primarily at elementary and middle
school students. In addition to our focus on literacy, we (c)
narrowed our student outreach efforts at the high school
level to focus on acceleration and graduation.”
a) Never.
b) Hardly ever.
c) Not at all.
d) Also.
33) (Ufrs 1996) Gradually and powerfully are adverbs formed
from the adjectives gradual + ly and powerful + ly,
respectively. Other adjectives can take the same suffix to
form adverbs, in the same way, except:
a) historic
b) usual
c) wild
d) abrupt
e) inteligente

232
 Gabarito
1) C
2) D
3) B
4) B
5) C
6) B
7) B
8) D
9) C
10) C
11) C
12) D
13) B
14) D
15) C
16) C
17) D
18) C
19) B
20) A
21) D
22) D
23) B
24) D
25) C
26) C
27) B
28) D
29) D
30) B
31) A
32) D
33) A
34) C

233
 Personal Pronouns: Subject Pronouns x 5) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the comic strip

Object Pronouns
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the fragment from the text.
Every year many young peopie finish school and then take
a year off before they start work or go to college. Some of
them go to other countries and work as volunteers.
Volunteers give their time to help people. For example,
they work in schools or hospitais, orthey help with
conservation.
What does the object pronoun them refer to? Complete the blank with the appropriate pronoun.
a) Schools and hospitais. a) Their
b) People in general. b) They
c) Hospital volunteers. c) Them
d) Young people. d) It
e) College students. e) Its
2) (Colégio Naval 2018) Read the sentence in text II. 6) (Colégio Naval 2022) What does the underlined word in
“A rewatch not only reminds you of identifiable spots to the text refer to?
look out for during your trip, but it also adds to the As a society, we've come a long way with the help of
excitement of your upcoming exploration." technology. But is it all rainbows and sunshine?
What does the pronoun it refer to? Technology is around us everywhere, from simple devices
a) Trip. like our smartphones, laptop, and TV to background tech
b) Spots. that we don't even notice. Once we get the hang of using
c) Excitement. tech the right way, it can improve our lives and make our
d) Exploration. lives better. On the other hand, tech can also make our lives
e) Rewatch. harder. Whether technology has a positive or negative
3) (Colégio Naval 2018) Read the comic strip in order to do effect on our lives, it all depends on how we use it. So, let's
the question below. look at some of the positive and negative aspects of
technology in our lives, shall we?
a) Whether
b) Technology
c) Lives
d) Effect
The correct pronoun that completes the third bubble speech e) Aspects
is Texto para as questões 7
a) they. WHAT IS OFFSHORE ENGLISH?
b) it. Offshore English is a term used by many people for
c) theirs. International English. It is the English spoken and written by
d) its. non-native speakers in International communication. Many in
e) them. business are starting to worry that native speakers are actually
4) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read the extract from the text. at a disadvantage in international communication. A good
In the 1980s, Germany and the United States tested the first example of this situation was when a company tried to sell
driverless cars, and by 2020 companies such as Volvo, GM, flight simulators to South Korea, where a French company won
Nissan and BMW plan to seil driverless cars. Driverless the contract because the buyers found it easier to understand
cars are not really ‘driverless - the drivers are computers the English that the French people spoke than the English
that use radar, Computer maps and other modern spoken by the British company
technology. They offer many advantages. Many native English speakers feel little necessity to learn
The subject pronoun ‘they’ refers to: foreign languages, so they often don’t understand the
a) Germany and the United States. difficulties and problems learners have. They also don’t see the
b) Volvo, GM, Nissan and BMW. need to modify their language for a foreign audience, so they
c) computers with radars. use idioms, synonyms, colloquialisms, phrasal verbs, etc, and
d) driverless cars. don't think of the impact this has on a foreign businessperson.
e) computer maps. The English studied by non-native speakers tends to use a
more simple vocabulary, and considering the similarities in
courses in many parts of the world, emphasized by a small
number of course books (Headway Series) and the domination
of a few examinations, for example TOEFL, etc. This means
that non-native speakers from different countries and cultures
sometimes understand each other more easily than the native
speaker. Few native speakers outside the world of ESL
(English as a Second language) teaching have much idea of
what non-native learners assimilate, and think that as their

234
English is native speaker level, they speak it better than their
non-native counterparts. Because of this, companies are
offering courses in Offshore English to native speakers to train
them to speak the type of English that will make it easier for
non-native speakers to understand. So they will gain more
contracts.
Adapted from htto://www.usinaenalish.com/articles/what-
offshore-enalish.html Acessado em 14/03/2013
Glossary:
Foreign: estrangeiro
Businessperson: homem/ mulher de negócios
Counterpart: seu semelhante
To win: ganhar, vencer
Disadvantage: desvantagem
Outside: do lado de fora
Level: nível
7) (EPCAR 2013) The pronoun that best substitutes the
underlined words in the sentence ... “the buyers found it
easier...” (line 8) is
a) you
b) he
c) they
d) we
8) (EPCAR 2014) In the 2nd paragraph, the word it (line 16)
refers to
“When I studied Interior Design, I took several drawing
classes. I was terrified when the instructor used my
drawings as an example in front of the class. Most of my
drawings were marked with dirty and greasy because of my
sweaty hands. Nowadays, any art work I do is in a digital
method, and I am happy I don't have to worry about my
sweaty palms marking the paper anymore.” (Julia)
“In the future, digital art and real art will never be
different. I use both, and digital art is completely related to
the real drawing talent because they are connected and take
the art style. This digital method has no limits. Paint is
limited but we can fix our mistakes and it takes much more
time. If you are good at creating digital art, you can use
your ability in photoshop, for example, to make your art
look real painting or any other traditional art type. Also, in
digital art you can easily click a button to cancel it. It's not
an option in traditional art as the mistakes are there for all
to see.” (Yuuki)
a) button.
b) art.
c) mistakes.
d) ability.
9) (EPCAR 2013) The underlined word in the sentence “...
native speakers to train them to speak ..." refers to
a) native speakers.
b) courses in Offshore English.
c) the kind of English.
d) Offshore English.
Texto para as questões 10 e 11
CYBERBULLYING ON THE RISE
Bullying among children and teenagers is not something
new but it is getting more and more common by modern
methods of communication.
Cyberbullying happens when an adolescent is put in danger
by another child or teenager by photos or text messages sent to
cell phones or posted on social networks. Sometimes
cyberbullies send mails with sexual comments or take
235
passwords of other teenagers and log on to websites with false
identities. Children also play Internet games and make fun of
each other in many ways.
A study by a Canadian University shows that half of the
young people interviewed said that they suffer bullying. One of
the reasons is the great use of cell phones over the past years.
Today’s children are connected with each other electronically.
They call friends every time they want or communicate with
them on Facebook.
Cyberbullying is getting extremely popular because teens
can stay anonymous. Many adolescents act this way because
they feel frustrated or angry and want to punish somebody for
something that happened to them. At other times they do it just
for fun or because have nothing else to do. Parents usually
don’t know their child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just
when the victim or the victim’s parents contact them.
This kind of bullying is not as inoffensive as many people
think. In some cases it can lead to suicide. Many countries have
organized campaigns to inform adults and children of its
dangers.
There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying. First, it is
important to show children that they have to respect others and
they are responsible for what they do. For victims it is
important not to play the bully’s game or answer their emails
and text messages. It is also important to get help from parents
and teachers.
Often schools get involved. They bring together the parents
of victims and cyberbullies and talk with them. Cyberbullying
does not always end at school. Often, parents go to the police
and accuse the bullies.
(Adapted from http://www.english-online.at/society/
cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm)
10) (EPCAR 2015) “They perceive it (...)” (line 22). The
underlined pronoun refers to
a) victims.
b) children.
c) parents.
d) cyberbullies.
11) (EPCAR 2015) In the sentence, “Many countries have
organized campaigns to make adults and children informed
of its dangers.” (lines 25-27), the underlined expressions
can be substituted for
a) it – they.
b) they – it.
c) they – them.
d) them – they.
12) (EAM 2019)
Loch Ness is a lake (or ‘loch’ in Scottish Gaelic) located in
the Highlands of Scotland, near Inverness. People say there
is a monster in it, which is called Nessie.
In 1933, George Spicer described that he saw Nessie and it
was a "dragon1'. It was 4 feet high, 25 feet long and had a
long neck.
In 1934, Robert Kenneth Williams took the first photo of
the Loch Ness Monster’s neck and head. This photo was
published in the Daily Mail newspaper in April 1934.
Around 1994, the photo was declared to be a hoax.
In 1934, Edward Mountain sent an expedition to Loch Ness
from 9 am to 6 pm every day, for 5 weeks. They never
found any evidence of the Monster.
 In 2003, the BBC TV network made a show that did a 17) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the alternative to have the text
detailed search of Loch Ness. They found nothing and completed correctly.
concluded that the Monster was a myth. All over the world, people give gifts. But they give
In the sentence “People say there is a monster in it, which is different things in different ways.
called Nessie" (lines 2 and 3), the pronoun “it” refers to In Japan, people often give gifts. But they never open
a) Inverness. _____ in front of the giver.
b) the lake. In the United States and Canada, a man often gives
c) Nessie. _____ girlfriend flowers on Valentine’s Day (February 14).
d) the people. He sometimes gives her chocolate too.
e) the monster. In Korea, older people give new money to children on
13) (EAM 2020) The Baseball game New Year’s Day. They give it to them for good luck.
Dad took his son Chris to a baseball game. The Los In Peru, a man gives flowers to _____ girlfriend. But he
Angeles Dodgers were playing the San Francisco Giants. doesn’t give _____ yellow flowers. They mean the
The Dodgers were the home team. The Giants were the relationship is finished.
visiting team. Dad and Chris walked into Dodger Stadium. a) they / he / his / she
Many people were there. Most of them wanted to see the b) them / he / he / her
Dodgers win. They wanted to see the Giants lose. Dad and c) they / his / he / she
Chris found their seats. They sat down. Chris told his dad d) them / his / his / her
he was hungry. His dad bought two bags of peanuts for 18) (EEAr 2. 2020) The word in bold, in the text, is an object
Chris. He bought two hot dogs for Chris. He bought a big pronoun. Which word does it make reference to?
soda for Chris. A foul ball came their way. People dived for The U. S. Constitution doesn’t guarantee happiness, only
the foul ball. They knocked Chris' soda over. His dad the pursuit of it. You have to catch up with it yourself.
bought him another soda. a) Constitution
Adapted from: b) Happiness
https://www.eslfast.com/supereasy/se/supereasy134.htm c) The U. S.
Read the following sentence. d) Pursuit
"They wanted to see the Giants lose." (line 6) Texto para a questão 19
The pronoun THEY refers to: The Power of Hashtags in Social Media
a) Chris By TOMAS McKENNIE
b) Dad Although hashtags were first used on Twitter back in
c) Chris and Dad. 2007, they soon became a social media phenomenon, being
d) Many people. integrated into most platforms like Facebook, Instagram,
e) The Giants Pinterest, Linkedin, etc.
14) (EsSA 2020) "My brother has a new job. He doesn't like So what exactly are hashtags, and how can your business
_____ very much'’. Fill in the blank with the correct forms benefit from them? Well, let’s go ahead and take a look.
of the personal pronoun. What are Hashtags?
a) him Put simply, hashtags are the “#” symbols followed by a
b) it string of words. As you’ve probably seen, hashtags are placed
c) her in almost every social media post out there. But why?
d) he Hashtags act as a label for the content users post on social
e) she media. Their job is to place these posts under a certain
15) (EsSA 2021) Complete the sentence below using the category, making it easier to find content that shares the same
appropriate pronoun: topic. And with how cluttered most of our feeds are, hashtags
"Sometimes, you want a search engine to find pages that definitely come in handy.
have one word on _____ but not another word". However, are hashtags important for anything besides
a) These. making your posts easier to find? Well, any digital branding
b) Them. company will tell that the answer to that question is yes.
c) There. The Importance of Hashtags
d) Their. 1. Hashtags grab attention
e) They. 2. Hashtags increase visibility
16) (EEAr 1. 2017) “It”, underlined in the text (third balloon), 3. Hashtags give you insights into your competition
refers to: 4. Hashtags give you insights into your audience
5. Hashtags increase engagement
All in all, hashtags shouldn’t be treated as an afterthought.
They are as important to social media as keywords are to
Search Engine Optimization. If you use them properly,
hashtags can increase visibility and help you reach a wider
audience.
a) Character’s hat.
With that said, to make the most out of your hashtags,
b) Character’s headache.
you’ll first need to research both your audience and your
c) The doctor’s examine.
competitors extensively. That will allow you to find out what
d) The doctor’s medicine.

236
 your audience is most interested in and understand how your
competitors are engaging with the said audience.
Adapted from https://www.cofmag.com/2021/04/the-power-
of-hashtags-in-social-media/
19) (EEAr 2. 2021) The word “them” in the text, refers to
____________.
a) Hashtags
b) visibility
c) social media
d) Search Engine Optimization
Texto para a questão 20
Fortnite’s Shopping Carts Disabled Yet Again By Epic
Shopping carts are unavailable due to “ongoing issues.”
Shopping carts have been a fun addition to Fortnite: Battle
Royale, but they’ve also proven to be a problematic one. Epic
Games has had to disable them a number of times due to
problems that have arisen, and that’s the case once again.
Epic confirmed the temporary removal of shopping carts in
a tweet, stating, “Due to ongoing issues, we’ll be disabling
Shopping Carts again. We’ll update you when this issue is
resolved.” There’s no time table shared for when they might be
added back in, but at this point players have become
accustomed to seeing shopping carts--Fortnite’s first vehicle--
yanked from the roster of active items.
It’s not uncommon for Epic to disable items; some are
rotated out to make way for new ones, while others--like the
guided missile--have been removed to provide the studio with
time to work on balancing them. But shopping carts have been
temporarily pulled several times now in a relatively small
window of time. Among other things, they’ve been utilized to
glitch into areas of the map that players should not be able to
access, which is extremely problematic in a competitive game.
With Fortnite’s massive popularity continuing to rise, it’s no
surprise Epic is fast to pull anything that might upset its
competitive balance (and thereby impact its growing success).
Since the launch of Battle Royale last year as a free-to-play
mode in Fortnite, Epic has steadily and frequently rolled out
new content. Some of that comes in the form of new weapons,
as with the recently added Stink Bomb, while others serve
different purposes, as with the shopping carts and Hop Rocks.
During E3, Fortnite: Battle Royale was released on Switch,
joining the existing PC, PS4, Xbox One, and iPhone versions.
Fortnite Mobile is also on the way to Android, although a
release date for that version has not yet been announced.
Adapted from: https://www.gamespot.com/articles/fortnite-
shopping-carts-still-causing-problems-dis/1100-6459926
20) (EEAr 2. 2021) The pronoun “them” in the text refers to
a) balancing
b) provide
c) items
d) work
21) (EEAr 1. 2022) In the end of the letter, the sentence “both
of you” means:
Dear Toti,
I’m writing to you from my hotel room. Everyone else
is sleeping, but I’m sitting here and watching the ocean.
We’re staying at the Plaza in Atlantic Beach, and the view
is beautiful. The tour is goes well. The audience is crazy
about the new songs, but the fans are always asking for you.
How is the baby? She has a great voice. Are you teaching
her to sing yet? Maybe both of you will come along for the
next tour!
237
a) father and son.
b) father and mother.
c) one fan and daughter.
d) mother and daughter.
22) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) The pronoun it (line 13), underlined
in the text, refers to
Behind a Shopping Center in New Jersey, Signs of a
Mass Extinction
Behind a Lowe’s home improvement store here,
scientists are methodically scraping and sifting through a
quarry pit that may contain unique insights to the mass
extinction that eliminated the dinosaurs.
Back then, about 66 million years ago, the oceans were
higher, and this part of southern New Jersey was a shallow
sea, 10 to 15 miles offshore from an ancient mountain range
that rose from the water. Today’s quarry pit was once the
sea bottom, and one particular layer about 40 feet beneath
the surface contains a bounty of fossils.
Kenneth J. Lacovara, a professor of paleontology and
geology at nearby Rowan University, calls the layer a
“mass death assemblage.” He believes it may be the only
known collection of animal remains that dates from the
mass extinction itself.
Taken from www.nytimes.com - Accessed on 06/01/2016.
a) “the mass extinction” (line 14 and 15)
b) “Rowan University” (line 12)
c) “a professor” (line 11)
d) “the layer” (line 12)
23) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) Fill in the blanks with the correct
personal pronouns:
Celebrity Doubles
A group of teenagers is standing outside a shop in
Manchester, England. Many of _____ have cameras and are
looking in the shop window. ____ want to see the movie
star Daniel Radcliffe. A man in the shop looks like
Radcliffe, but ______ isn’t the famous actor. He’s Andrew
Walker - a twenty-two-year old shop clerk.
Walker isn’t surprised by the teenagers. People often
stop _____ on the street and want to take his picture.
Walker is a clerk, but he also makes money as Daniel’s
double. Today, many companies work with celebrity
doubles. They look like famous athletes, pop singers, and
actors. The companies pay doubles to go to parties and
business meetings. Doubles are also on TV and in
newspapers ads.
Why do people want to look like a celebrity? One
double in the USA says, “I can make good money. I also
make a lot of people happy”.
Adapted from World Link - Developing English Fluency
a) they – them – him – he
b) them – they – he – him
c) he – him – they – them
d) them – they – him – he
24) (EsPCEx 2011) In the sentence “And it’s becoming more
popular in Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands...”, the
pronoun it refers to
Mark Zuckerberg’s 650 Million Friends (and counting)
Back in June 2009, the globe’s potpourri of social-
networking sites was extremely diverse: Google’s Orkut
dominated India and Brazil; Central and South America
preferred Hi5; Maktoob was king in the Arab world. The
Vietnamese liked Zing, the Czechs loved Lidé, South
 Koreans surfed Cyworld. Two years after that, and
Facebook has stolen users away from its rivals very fast.
It’s completely knocked Hi5 off the map in former
strongholds such as Peru, Mexico, and Thailand. After a
tense back-and-forth with Orkut in India, Facebook has
emerged victorious. And it’s becoming more popular in
Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands, where local
providers are making a desperate last stand.
There are some glaring exceptions to Facebook’s
colonization kick. Russians continue to use Vkontakte and
Odnoklassniki, with Facebook a distant fourth in the
rankings. China remains highly committed to domestic sites
such as Qzone and Renren. But for the rest of us, we’re
living in Zuckerberg’s world.
(endereço eletrônico omitido propositadamente)
a) Orkut.
b) India.
c) Armenia.
d) Hi5.
e) Facebook.
25) (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “...shopping centres make
good meeting places because they are safe...” (paragraph 3),
the word they refers to
Brazil’s Rolezinhos – The Kids Are All Right
Shopping Metrô Itaquera, a gleaming mall amid the
favelas (shantytowns) of eastern São Paulo, gained
notoriety on January 11th, when the police used rubber
bullets and tear gas to disperse a crowd of 3,000 youths.
The youngsters were participating in a rolezinho, a
gathering of tens, hundreds, and sometimes thousands of
youngsters which is convened via social networks.
Mall owners and shopkeepers have reasons to be
cautious. A few rolezinhos have led to muggings and
robberies. But most do not end in Itaquera-like chaos: the
word’s true meaning is closer to “little outing”. And
theories that rolezeiros are class warriors or favela dwellers
tired of the country’s veiled racism are not correct. “Their
battle cry is not ‘Less oppression!’” says Renato Barreiros,
who has directed a documentary about them. “It’s ‘More
Adidas!’”
The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out, chill, buy nice
things, meet people”, explains Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-
old from Capão Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo.
He has taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped organise
a few, drawing some of his 89,000 Facebook followers. His
15-year-old girlfriend, Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro
sweetheart with 94,000 fans of her own on the social
network, says that shopping centres make good meeting
places because they are safe – an important consideration in
a crime-ridden city. There are few other public venues for
kids, especially in poorer neighbourhoods.
Adapted from http://www.economist.com
a) fans.
b) shopping centers.
c) rolezeiros.
d) kids.
e) neighbourhoods.
238
26) (AFA 2014) “Many of them will still exist in the future, but
with some changes as technology and communication
systems make their impact.” The underlined word (line 4)
refers to
“One of my primary complaints with higher education is
that they tend to prepare students for jobs of the past.
Similarly, the best paying jobs of the future are all jobs that
currently exist today. Many of them will still exist in the
future, but with some changes as technology and
communication systems make their impact.”
a) primary complaints.
b) students.
c) jobs.
d) changes.
Texto para a questão 27
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND
SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is
prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused
by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop
failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the
main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental
factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given
place, economic factors determine the buying and production
capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of
food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and
short term negative impacts which include starvation,
malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is
need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using
both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food
shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than
increase in food production. The world is consuming more than
it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage
level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand.
Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for
human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor,
2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in
urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction
of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest
has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and
desertification. Population increase means more pollution as
people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The
resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect
the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food
shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production.
The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities
and to some small extent natural activities. Increased
combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through
power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits
green house gases which have continued to affect world
climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure
has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to
desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land
degradation due to increased human activities has impacted
negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural
disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged
droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on
food security particularly in developing countries. There are
several economic factors that contribute to food shortage.
Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in
agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations
have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers
cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming
methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use.
Investments in agricultural research and developing are very
low in developing nations. Recent global financial crisis have
led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in
agriculture by individuals and governments in developed
nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage.
The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as
seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children
succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand
long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of
emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These
include increase in the price of food as a result demand and
supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the
increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain
producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of
food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the
price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial
agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political
instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe
in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina
Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations
(Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage.
There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and
pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through
concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in
clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in
homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects
on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help
poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in
order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere
(Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with
climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects
aimed at promoting green environment.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-
causeseffects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different
groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the
usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or
an amount or food
27) (AFA 2017) The personal pronoun “they” (line 81) refers to
a) adverse effects.
b) homes and industries.
c) geothermal power.
d) some kinds of clean energy.
28) (EFOMM 2015) In which sentence ‘it’ is not correctly
used?
a) I can not bear it to see women crying.
b) She found it strange being in that flat.
c) We owe it to society to help those who need help.
d) I take it that you won't be working tomorrow.
239
e) I'll leave it to John to let them know.
Texto para a questão 29
American Students Test Well in Problem Solving, but Trail
Foreign Counterparts
Fifteen-year-olds in the United States scored above the
average of those in the developed world on exams assessing
problem-solving skills, but they trailed several countries in
Asia and Europe as well as Canada, according to International
standardized tests results released on Tuesday.
The American students who took the problem-solving tests
in 2012, the first time they were administered, did better on
these exams than on reading, math and Science tests,
suggesting that students in the United States are better able to
apply knowledge to real-life situations than perform
straightforward academic tasks.
(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com)
29) (Escola Naval 2014) In the extracts: but they trailed several
countries [...]" (1st paragraph) and “[...] the first
time they were administered." (2nd paragraph), the
underlined pronouns refer respectively to:
a) American students/ students from other countries.
b) tests/ American students.
c) American students/ tests.
d) tests/ students from other countries.
e) American students/ several countries.
Texto para a questão 30
The Future of Libraries Has Little to Do with Books
On a Monday morning between Christmas and New
Year's Eve in Paris, the line for modern art museum Centre
Georges Pompidou winds around the block. But the patrons
waiting in the cold aren't there to catch a glimpse of a
Magritte —they're young locais queueing for access through
the museum’s back door to another attraction: the public library.
In a digital age that has left book publishers reeling, libraries
in the world's major cities seem poised for a comeback, though
it1s one that has very little to do with books. The Independent
Library Report — published in December by the U.K.'s
Department for Culture, Media, and Sport — found that libraries
across the nation are reinventing themseives by increasingly
becoming "vibrant and attractive community hubs", focusing on
the "need to create digital literacy, and in an ideal world, digital
fluency.”
Taking into account the proliferation of freelancing, the gig
economy, and remote working (also known as 'technomadism'),
the rise of library as community hub begins to make sense. Cities
are increasingly attracting location independent workers, and
those workers need space and amenities that expensive and
unreliable coffee shops simply cannot provide enough of.
Furthermore, when one considers that the most vulnerable
and underserved city dwellers are also those who generally do
not have access to the Internet, the need for a free and publicly
connected space becomes even clearer.
According to a 2013 Pew poli, 90 percent in the U.S. said
their community would be negatively impacted if their local
library closed. But if libraries are going to survive the digital
age, they need to be more about helping patrons filter vast
quantities of digital Information rather than access to analog
materiais. Good news carne for U.S. libraries in November,
when Federal Communications Commission Chairman Tom
Wheeler announced a 62 percent increase in spending on high-
speed Internet for schools and public libraries.
30) (Escola Naval 2015) in the excerpt "But if libraries are
going to survive the digital age, they need to be more about
helping patrons filter vast quantities of digital Information
rather than access to analog materials." the pronoun "they"
refers to:
a) libraries.
b) the digital age.
c) patrons.
d) quantities of digital Information.
e) analog materials.
Texto para a questão 31
Doctor works to save youth from violence before they reach
his ER
As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital
Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic
situations that he'd rather forget. But some moments stick with
him. "Probably the worst thing that I've ever had to do is tell a
15-year-old's mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I
can't keep somebody alive, I've failed." [...]
"Conflict's not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore
said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in
the neighborhood, you realize, 'I don't want this to happen
anymore. What do we do about it?"
For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence
Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today,
the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital,
schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young
people.
Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the
first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an
intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist
victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at
other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after
someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent
retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some
of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.
Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of
volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership
between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call
24/7.
Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently
injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began
working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high
school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were
involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and
female students in three schools, teaching mediation and
conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health
counseling for students who need one-on-one support.
"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school,
neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they
can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."
While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now
led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students,
some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as
mentors to the students. School administrators say the program
has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and
sending many graduates on to college.
"This is really about the community in which we live" he
said. "This is my home. And I'm going to do whatever is
possible to make sure people can actually thrive."
(Adapted and abridged from http ://www.cnn.com)
240
31) (Escola Naval 2018) What does the pronoun “it" refer to in
the excerpt “‘Violence is everywhere they turn - home,
school, neighborhood, police,’ Gore said. ‘You want to
make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it [...]’”
(7thparagraph)?
a) Process.
b) Police.
c) Violence.
d) Home.
e) Everywhere
32) (ITA 2017) Marque a opção que indica a que it se refere no
seguinte excerto: "...it has become a matter of reality…"
(linha 3).
Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a
theme of science fiction. Due to advances in neural
sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may
consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of
a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches
offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain
functions, as well as for mood and emotions. Such
enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using
brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug
delivery, by employing brain-machine interfaces, or even
by ablation of certain brain areas.
a) advances in neural sciences
b) treatment of a neurodegenerative disease
c) some point in life
d) science fiction
e) augmentation of brain function
33) (IESES 2014) Complete o texto a seguir com os pronomes
mais adequados.
This is Mark. ______ is a good friend of mine. That is
Paula, _____ is his girlfriend. Mark and Paula are from
Germany. _____ are german. I live with my brother and
___ have a pet. ____ is a dog called Otto.
A sequência correta é:
a) he - she - they - we – it
b) we - it - she - it – he
c) it - she - they - he – we
d) she - he - we - they – it
 Gabarito
1) D
2) E
3) E
4) D
5) C
6) B
7) C
8) B
9) A
10) C
11) C
12) B
13) D
14) B
15) B
16) A
17) D
18) B
19) A
20) C
21) D
22) D
23) B
24) E
25) B
26) C
27) D
28) B
29) C
30) A
31) C
32) E
33) A

241
 Adjective Possessives x Possessive
Pronouns
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Which possessive form completes
the gap in text III?
They were good farmers and excelient shipbuilders. They
used their ships for war. They also used them to carry
people and goods to new lands. In winter, when there was
not much farm work to do, they stayed home and did other
interesting jobs. Men made swords to use them in battle.
The Vikings liked swords so much they often decorated
them with gold and gave them names. Women cooked and
made clothes, shoes, and jewelry for themselves, ______
children and husbands.
a) Their
b) Her
c) His
d) Hers
e) Theirs
2) (Colégio Naval 2018) Read the sentence in order to do the
question below.
This is my friends’ car and that one is my car.
Mark the option which rewrites the sentence using the
correct possessive.
a) This car is theirs and that one is mine.
b) This is theirs cars and that is my car.
c) This is their car and that one is my.
d) This car is them and that one is my.
e) This is theirs car and that one is mine.
3) (Colégio Naval 2019) Mark the option that fills in blanks I
and II, respectively.
It looks iike login usernames and passwords are on __(I)__
way out. No longer will we have to worry about the
security of __(II)__ login credentiais.
a) their/ our
b) it/ us
c) its/ ours
d) theirs/ ours
e) its/ us
4) (Colégio Naval 2020) Who do the underlined possessive
adjectives "their" in the text refer to, respectively?
Six thousand couples decided not to let the coronavirus
deter them from celebrating their happy day. The multiple
brides and grooms attended a mass wedding ceremony in
South Korea's Unification Church on Friday, in spite of the
health scare from the coronavirus in neighbouring China.
The newlyweds were joined by 24.000 guests; some
renewing their marriage vows and others watching friends
and family tie the knot. The church seemed well prepared
for such a large-scale event as staff handed out hand
sanitizer and surgical masks to all attendees. They also
checked the temperature of the couples.
a) coronavirus / countries.
b) celebrate / marriage vows.
c) brides / couples.
d) grooms / newlyweds.
e) couples / guests.
Texto para a questão 5
Who is Kamala Harris?
Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States,
making her the first female vice precident and first Black
person and Asian American to hold the position. After
242
attending Howard University and the University of California’s
Hastings College of the Law, Kamala Harris embarked on a
rise through the California legal system, emerging as state
attorney general in 2010. Following the November 2016
elections, Harris became just the second African American
woman and the first South Asian American to win a seat in the
2020 U.S. Senate. She declared her candidacy for the 2020
U.S. presidential election on Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2019
dropped out of the race before the endo f the year. In August
2020, Joe Biden announced Harris as vice presidential running
mate and after a close race, Biden and Harris were elected in
November 2020.
Adaptes from: <https://www.biography.com/political-
figure/kamala-harris>
5) (Colégio Naval 2022) It is possible to rewrite the sentences
substituting the underlined parts for:
“(...) Joe Biden announced Harris as vice presidential
running mate”
a) Him/ her
b) He/ she
c) She/ him
d) He/ Her
e) She/ he
Texto para as questões 6 e 7
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century.
Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in
the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in
agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in
sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families
forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls
forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery
around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical
threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or
physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold
as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their
freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for
most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International
has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be
allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution
and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal.
Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are
forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of
punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they
cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then
losing control over the conditions of both their employment
and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or
harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using
violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into
slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved;
they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery
with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is
harmful for children and hinders5 their education and
development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child
soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married
against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child
marriages can be considered slavery.
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed
above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance
payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often
borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to
control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave
until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in
developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern
slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are
tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or
race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that
everyone can be a victim of slavery, some groups of people are
much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities
for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job
offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated
against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more
likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur
where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-
Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root
causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why
we published our Anti-Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive
measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-
today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and
work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
6) (EPCAR 2018) “Slavery continues today and harms people
in every country in the world” (lines 2 and 3). The
highlighted words can be substituted for _____.
a) them
b) theirs
c) their
d) they
243
7) (EPCAR 2018) Considering the use of possessive
adjectives, mark the alternative that completes the sentence
below correctly
Modern slavery includes
a) an employee who has its work abused.
b) children who have his lives affected.
c) a girl who has her marriage forced.
d) people who have your freedom restricted.
8) (EAM 2018) Read the sentences and mark the correct
option to fill in the blanks respectively.
Sarah is ____________friend.____________ lives next to
my house. We love riding our bikes.___________ bike is
red. ____________ is green. We love spending tome
together!
a) my / She / My / Hers
b) your /I / My / Her
c) her /He / Her/ Mine
d) my /H er/My/ She
e) his / He / My / His
9) (EAM 2021) Mark the option that completes the paragraph
below correctly.
Cooking in Britain is now a spectator sport. _______
watching famous chefs cook on TV, and _______ buy
______ books. But do ______ use ______ ?
(Adapted from OXENDEN, Clive et al. New English File -
Elementary. OUP, 2011. p. 51.)
a) It/ it/ their/ they/ them
b) They/ they/ theirs/ we/ it
c) They/ they/ ours/ they/ its
d) We/ we/ their/ we/ them
e) We /we/ ours/ they/ its
10) (EEAr 2. 2019) The word “My” in the text is a
____________ pronoun.
a) subject
b) relative
c) reflexive
d) possessive
11) (EEAr 1. 2020) The words me, your and you are:
a) Object pronoun - possessive adjective - subject pronoun
b) Object pronoun - subject pronoun - possessive adjective
c) Subject pronoun - possessive adjective - objective
pronoun
d) Possessive adjective - object pronoun - subject pronoun
12) (EEAr 1. 2022) – In the sentence “Other people invite
friends to their house and they have a party...”, the
underlined word is related to:
Read the conversation between Carol and Neil.
Neil: What do you do on New Year’s Day?
Carol: Well, we sometimes go downtown. They have
fireworks. It’s really pretty. Other people invite friends to
their house and they have a party.
Neil: Do you give presents to your friends and family?
Carol: No, we never give presents on New Year’s.
Neil: Do you have a meal with your family?
Carol: No, we do that on Christmas. On New Year’s we just
party!
a) other people.
 b) fireworks.
c) friends.
d) house.
13) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Hijacked jets destroy Twin
Towers: a creeping horror
The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling
disbelief, signified first by trembling floors, sharp
eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of
bodies helplessly tumbling out, some of _____ in flames.
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were
reduced to nothing. Dense plumes of smoke raced through
the downtown avenues, coursing between the buildings,
shaped like tornadoes on their sides.
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared
overhead. Was another one coming? No, it was a fighter jet.
But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for _____
lives, but _____ didn’t know where to go. Should people go
north, south, east, west? Stay outside, go indoors? People
hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated
jumping into the river (…).
Fonte: The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001.
GLOSSARY
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares
to scramble – lutar
Choose the best pronouns to have the text completed,
respectively:
a) them – their – they
b) they – them – their
c) their – they – them
d) them – they – their
14) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) “Their”, (line 7), underlined in the
text, refers to
Twenty-First Century Birdwatching
Our ancestors could spot natural predators from far by
their silhouettes. Are we equally aware of the predators in
the present-day? Drones are remote-controlled planes that
can be used for anything from surveillance, to rescue
operations and scientific research. Most drones are used
today by military powers for remote-controlled surveillance
and attack, and their numbers are growing. The Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) predicted in 2012 that
within 20 years there could be as many as 30.000 drones
flying over U.S. Soil alone. As robotic birds will become
commonplace in the near future, we should be prepared to
identify them.
a) powers.
b) drones.
c) numbers.
d) surveillance and attack.
15) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) “Her”, underlined in the text, refers
to the.
St Marteen: tourist killed by jet blast at caribean
airport
A tourist has been killed after being knocked over by jet
blast at an airport famous for its dangerous runway. The
woman was watching a plane take off at Princess Juliana
Airport on the island of St. Marteen when the blast of a
Boeing 737 knocked her over. The tourist was standing by
the fence at the end of the runway, watching the plane takes
off when she fell and had head injuries. She was taken to
244
hospital, where she died. The airport is one of the most
dangerous in the world due to the location of its runway
with a public beach at one end, and a mountain at the other.
Between the beach and the airport there is a public road.
Despite warning signs and requests from the airport to stay
away from the runway they don’t obey and stay by the
fence to feel the blast from planes as they take off.
Adapted from The Independent Online; July 13, 2017.
a) woman
b) airport
c) runway
d) princess
16) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The word “mine”, underlined in the
text, refers to:
Perfect
Ed Sheeran
(...)‘Cause we were just kids
When we fell in love
Not knowing what it was
I will not give you up this time
But darling, just kiss me slow
Your heart is all I own
And in your eyes you’re holding mine
a) Me
b) Heart
c) Own
d) Darling
17) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) In the sentence “Rivers of lava raced
down the Cumbre Vieja volcano and exploded high into the
air overnight on the Spanish island of La Palma and the
airport was closed as an eruption intensified and entered its
most explosive phase so far”, the underlined word refers to
a) the Spanish island.
b) an eruption.
c) volcano.
d) phase.
Texto para a questão 18
Brazilian Forces Claim Victory in Gang Haven
RIO DE JANEIRO - In a quick and decisive military
operation, Brazilian security forces took control of this city’s
most notorious slum on Sunday, celebrating victory over drug
gangs after a weeklong battle.
In the early afternoon, the military police raised the flags of
Brazil and Rio de Janeiro atop a building on the highest hill in
the Alemão shantytown complex, providing a rare moment of
happiness and celebration in a decades-long battle to rid this
city’s violent slums of drug gangs.
An air of calm and relief swept through the neighborhood,
as residents opened their windows and began walking the
streets. Dozens of children ran from their houses in shorts and
bikinis to jump into a swimming pool that used to belong to a
gang leader. Residents congregated around televisions in bars
and restaurants, cheering for the police as if they were cheering
for their favorite soccer teams. “Now the community is ours,”
Jovelino Ferreira, a 60-year-old pastor, said, his eyes filling
with tears. “This time it will be different. We have to have
faith. Many people who didn’t deserve have suffered here.”
http://www.nytimes.com, consulta em 28/11/2010
18) (EsPCEx 2011) In the sentence “An air of calm and relief
swept through the neighborhood, as residents opened their
windows and began walking the streets”, the possessive
adjective their refers to
a) an air of calm and relief.
b) neighborhood.
c) residents.
d) streets.
e) calm and relief.
Texto para as questões 19
Apple manufacturing plant workers complain of long hours
and militant culture
Chengdu, China (CNN) — Miss Chen (we changed her
name for this story), an 18-year-old student from a village
outside of the southern megacity of Chongqing, is one of more
than one million factory workers at a Chinese company that
helps manufacture products for Apple Inc.’s lucrative global
empire, which ranked in a record $46.3 billion in sales last
quarter. They work day or night shifts, eating and sleeping at
company facilities, as they help build electronics products for
Apple and many other global brand names, such as Amazon’s
Kindle and Microsoft’s Xbox.
As a poor college student with no work experience, looking
for a job in China’s competitive market is an uphill battle. So
when Chen was offered a one-month position at Foxconn with
promises of great benefits and little overtime, she jumped at the
chance. But when she started working, she found out that only
senior employees got such benefits.
“During my first day of work, an older worker said to me,
‘Why did you come to Foxconn? Think about it again and
leave right now’,” said Chen, who plans to return to her studies
at a Chongqing university soon.
Foxconn recently released a statement defending its
corporate practices, stating its employees are entitled to
numerous benefits including access to health care and
opportunities for promotions and training. In response to
questions from CNN, Apple also released a statement: “We
care about every worker in our worldwide supply chain. We
insist that our suppliers provide safe working conditions, treat
workers with dignity and respect, and use environmentally
responsible manufacturing processes wherever Apple products
are made. Our suppliers must live up to these requirements if
they want to keep doing business with Apple.”
After three weeks of applying more than 4,000 stickers a
day onto iPad screens by hand and working 60 hours a week in
an assembly line, Chen says she’s ready to go back to school
and study hard so she’ll never have to return to Foxconn. “It’s
so boring, I can’t bear it anymore. Everyday is like: I get off
from work and I go to bed. I get up in the morning, and I go to
work. It is my daily routine and I almost feel like an animal,”
said Miss Chen. When asked why humans do machine-like
work at Foxconn, she responds, “Well, humans are cheaper.”
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com, consulta em 06/02/2012
19) (EsPCEx 2012) In the sentence “Foxconn recently released
a statement defending its corporate practices...”, the word
its refers to
a) statement.
b) Foxconn.
c) health care.
d) practices.
e) employees.
245
Texto para a questão 20
Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests
Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be
divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving banners and
placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers
with strollers, and pensioners carrying shopping bags join the
crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious neighbors.
Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family
living on the fifth floor, but they are all here to protect Rocio
from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal
process.
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from
Ecuador in 2003, when times were good and jobs plentiful in
Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s
economy down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a
cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits, but then those
stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards
face as the country deals with the highest unemployment rate
since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession entering its
second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets
with my son, but I have no idea where else to go”, she says.
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this
fear that took many Spanish citizens to action. Many of those
people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are
supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the
Platform of People Affected by Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma
de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to
prevent banks and authorities from eviction because of the
country’s economic crisis. They accuse the banks and
authorities of “real estate terrorism”.
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement -
also known as the “Indignados”. Activist Dante Scherma, 24,
says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues.
“The 15-M movement made people talk about social issues,
and about politics in normal conversations - in cafés,
restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football
or fashion.”
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the
crowd - now shouting at the police, insisting they have to stop
forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had
an impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be
able to stay - for a while, at least. For those working to stop
Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and
temporary victory. For those demonstrating about cuts,
corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/
world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html
20) (EsPCEx 2013) In the sentence “...insisting they have to
stop forcing families to leave their properties...”, the words
they and their respectively refer to
a) the crowd and families.
b) the crowd and the police.
c) the police and families.
d) the families and the properties.
e) the police and the properties.
21) (EsPCEx 2019)
Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside
“In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new
places, new cultures and people. However, they think their
everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine
that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the
world”, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a
language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in
Paraguaçu. His learners are the children of rural workers.
Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being
developed in the cooperative is to give the young people
more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that
includes the ability to communicate with international
buyers. “In the future, our project may help overcome the
lack of succession in countryside activities because,
nowadays, rural workers’ children become lawyers,
engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but those
children very rarely want to have a profession related to
rural work”, says Rafael.
“That happens”, he adds, “because their parents
understand that life in the countryside can be hard work and
they do not want to see their children running the same
type of life that they have. Their children also believe that
life in the country does not allow them to have contact with
other parts of the world, meet other people and improve
cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by
means of a second language they can travel, communicate
with new people and learn about new cultures as a means of
promoting and selling what they produce in the country,
and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from
abroad.”
Rafael’s strategy is to contextualize the English
language and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in
the global market. “Integrating relevant topics about
countryside living can be transformative in the classroom.
The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of
inspiration and learning not only for the young, but for us
all.”
Adapted from
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-
english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/
a) they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth
b) his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu
c) us (paragraph 2) = workers
d) their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children
e) them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world
22) (EsPCEx 2021) Choose the alternative with words that
respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the correct
way.
Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many
lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the
year by Collins Dictionary. Lockdown is defined by Collins
as “the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social
interaction, and access to public spaces”. The 4.5-billion-
word Collins Corpus, which contains written material from
websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material
from radio, television and conversations, registered a
6,000% increase in ______(1) usage. In 2019, there were
4,000 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020,
this had risen to more than a quarter of a million.
“Language is a reflection of the world around us and
2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic,” says
246
Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. “We
have chosen lockdown as _______(2) word of the year
because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of
people who have had to restrict _______(3) daily lives in
order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way
we work, study, shop, and socialise. It is not a word of the
year to celebrate, but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the
year for most of the world.”
a) its, our, their
b) my, our, her
c) your, his, our
d) its, his, their
e) my, their, your
Texto para as questões 23
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND
SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is
prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused
by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop
failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the
main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental
factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given
place, economic factors determine the buying and production
capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of
food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and
short term negative impacts which include starvation,
malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1 . There is
need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using
both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food
shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than
increase in food production. The world is consuming more than
it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage
level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand.
Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for
human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor,
2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in
urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction
of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest
has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and
desertification. Population increase means more pollution as
people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The
resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect
the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food
shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production.
The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities
and to some small extent natural activities. Increased
combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through
power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits
green house gases which have continued to affect world
climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure
has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to
desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land
degradation due to increased human activities has impacted
negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural
disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged
droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on
food security particularly in developing countries. There are
several economic factors that contribute to food shortage.
Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in
agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations
have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers
cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming
methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use.
Investments in agricultural research and developing are very
low in developing nations. Recent global financial crisis have
led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in
agriculture by individuals and governments in developed
nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage.
The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as
seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children
succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand
long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of
emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These
include increase in the price of food as a result demand and
supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the
increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain
producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of
food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the
price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial
agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political
instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe
in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina
Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations
(Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage.
There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and
pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through
concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in
clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in
homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects
on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help
poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in
order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere
(Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with
climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects
aimed at promoting green environment.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-
causeseffects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different
groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the
usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or
an amount or food
23) (AFA 2017) In “poverty situation in developing nations
have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most
farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers” (lines 47 to 49),
the underlined word means
a) poverty situation.
b) developing nations.
c) seed and fertilizers.
d) most farmers.
247
Texto para a questão 24
Music therapy with cancer patients
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United
States, in Germany and in many other industrialized countries.
In 2007, about 12 million people were diagnosed with cancer
worldwide with a mortality rate of 7.6 million (American
Cancer Society, 2007). In the industrial countries, the most
commonly diagnosed cancers in men are prostate cancer, lung
cancer and colorectal cancer. Women are most commonly
diagnosed with breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer.
The symptoms of cancer depend on the type of the disease,
but there are common symptoms caused by cancer and/or by its
medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation). Common
physical symptoms are pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of
appetite, nausea (feeling sick, vomiting), dizziness, limited
physical activity, hair loss, a sore mouth/throat and bowel
problems. Cancer also often causes psychological problems
such as depression, anxiety, mood disturbances, stress,
insecurity, grief and decreased self-esteem. This, in turn, can
implicate social consequences. Social isolation can occur due
to physical or psychological symptoms (for example, feeling
too tired to meet friends, cutting oneself off due to depressive
complaints).
Besides conventional pharmacological treatments of cancer,
there are treatments to meet psychological and physical needs
of the patient. Psychological consequences of cancer, such as
depression, anxiety or loss of control, can be counteracted by
psychotherapy. For example, within cognitive therapy cancer
patients may develop coping strategies to handle the disease.
Research indicates that music therapy, which is a form of
psychotherapy, can have positive effects on both physiological
and psychological symptoms of cancer patients as well as in
acute or palliative situations.
There are several definitions of music therapy. According
to the World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT, 1996),
music therapy is: “the use of music and/or its music elements
(sound, rhythm, melody and harmony) by a qualified music
therapist, with a client or group, in a process designed to
facilitate and promote communication, relationship, learning,
mobilization, expression, organization, and other relevant
therapeutic objectives, in order to meet physical, emotional,
mental, social and cognitive needs”.
The Dutch Music Therapy Association (NVCT, 1999)
defines music therapy as “a methodological form of assistance
in which musical means are used within a therapeutic relation
to manage changes, developments, stabilisation or acceptance
on the emotional, behavioural, cognitive, social or on the
physical field”.
The assumption is that the patient's musical behaviour
conforms to their general behaviour. The starting points are the
features of the patient's specific disorder or disease pattern.
There is an analogy between psychological problems and
musical behaviour, which means that emotions can be
expressed musically. For patients who have difficulties in
expressing emotions, music therapy can be a useful medium.
Music therapy might be a useful intervention for breast cancer
patients in order to facilitate and enhance their emotional
expressivity. Besides analogy, there are further qualities of
music that can be beneficial within therapeutic treatment. One
of these qualities is symbolism: music can symbolize persons,
objects, incidents, experiences or memories of daily life.
Therefore, music is a reality, which represents another reality.
The symbolism of the musical reality enables the patient to
deal safely with the other reality for it evokes memories about
persons, objects or incidents. These associations can be
perceived as positive or negative, so they release emotions in
the patient.
Music therapy both addresses physical and psychological
needs of the patient. Numerous studies indicate that music
therapy can be beneficial to both acute cancer patients and
palliative cancer patients in the final stage of disease.
Most research with acute cancer patients receiving
chemotherapy, surgery or stem cell transplantation examined
the effectiveness of receptive music therapy. Listening to music
during chemotherapy, either played live by the music therapist
or from tape has a positive effect on pain perception,
relaxation, anxiety and mood. There was also found a decrease
in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate and an improvement in
fatigue; insomnia and appetite loss could be significantly
decreased in patients older than 45 years. Further
improvements by receptive music therapy were found for
physical comfort, vitality, dizziness and tolerability of the
chemotherapy. A study with patients undergoing surgery found
that receptive music therapy led to decreased anxiety, stress
and relaxation levels before, during and after surgery. Music
therapy can also be applied in palliative situations, for example
to patients with terminal cancer who live in hospices.
Studies indicate that music therapy may be beneficial for
cancer patients in acute and palliative situations, but the
benefits of music therapy for convalescing cancer patients
remain unclear. Whereas music therapy interventions for acute
and palliative patients often focus on physiological and
psychosomatic symptoms, such as pain perception and
reducing medical side-effects, music therapy with post-hospital
curative treatment could have its main focus on psychological
aspects. A cancer patient is not free from cancer until five years
after the tumour ablation. The patient fears that the cancer has
not been defeated. In this stage of the disease, patients
frequently feel insecure, depressive and are emotionally
unstable. How to handle irksome and negative emotions is an
important issue for many oncology patients. After the difficult
period of the medical treatment, which they often have
overcome in a prosaic way by masking emotions, patients often
express the wish to become aware of themselves again. They
may wish to grapple with negative emotions due to their
disease. Other patients wish to experience positive feelings,
such as enjoyment and vitality.
(Adapted from
https://essay.utwente.nl/59115/1/scriptie_F_Teiwes.pdf -
Access on 25/02/19)
24) (AFA 2019) In the fragment “music therapy with post-
hospital curative treatment could have its main focus on
psychological aspects” (lines 92 to 94) the pronoun refers to
a) music therapy and post-hospital curative treatment.
b) curative treatment and main focus.
c) main focus and psychological aspects.
d) psychological aspects and music therapy.
25) (Escola Naval 2012) What is the best sequence to complete
the paragraph?
This place looks like a thousand other hotel bars up and
down the country ... until (1)____ take into account (2)
____ location: reached via a half-hidden lift in the lobby of
St George1s hotel. Perched 15 floors above Oxford Circus,
the bar offers some of the best views of central London
248
through (3)_____ "wall of Windows". (4) _____ also lies
next door to the BBC's Broadcasting House, so you’re
almost guaranteed to see a minor celebrity or two.
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2011)
a) they - it- their – Its
b) you - it - your – They
c) they - its - they – It
d) you - its - its – It
e) we - its - their – Its
Texto para a questão 26
Facebook deserted by millions of users in biggest markets
Facebook has lost millions of users per month in its biggest
markets. In the last six months, Facebook has lost nearly 9m
monthly visitors in the US and 2m in the UK. Studies suggest
that its expansion in the US, UK and other major European
countries has peaked. In the last month, the world's largest
social network has lost 6m US visitors, a 4% fall, according to
analysis firm Socialbakers. In the UK, 1.4m fewer users visited
in March, a fali of 4.5%. Users are also turning off in Canada,
Spain, France, Germany and Japan, where Facebook is
extremely popular.
Alternative social networks have seen surges in popularity
with younger people. Instagram, the photo-sharing site, got
30m new users in the 18 months before Facebook bought the
business. Path, the mobile phone-based social network founded
by former Facebook employee Dave Morin, which only
allows its users to have 150 friends, is gaining 1m users a
week.
Facebook is still growing fast in South America. Monthly
visitors in Brazil were up to 6% in the last month to 70m,
according to Socialbakers, whose Information is used by
Facebook advertisers. India has seen a 4% rise to 64m - still
only a fraction of the country's population, so there is room for
more growth.
As Facebook itself has warned, the time spent on its pages
from those sitting in front of personal computers is decreasing
fast because people now prefer to use their smartphones and
tablets. Although smartphone minutes have doubled in a year,
to 69 a month, that growth may not compensate
for dwindling desktop usage.
Facebook will tell investors about its performance for the
quarter. Wall Street expects revenues of about $1.44bn, an
increase from $1.06bn a year ago. Shareholders will want to
know how fast the number of mobile Facebook users is
growing, and whether advertising revenues are increasing at the
same rate. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has created a
series of new initiatives designed to appeal to smartphone
users. One initiative, Facebook Home, is software that can be
downloaded onto Android phones to feed news and photos
from friends - and advertising - directly to the owner's locked
home screen.
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.com.uk)
26) (Escola Naval 2013) In the extract: [...] which only
allows its users to have 150 friends [...]", the pronoun "its"
refers to:
a) Instagram
b) Path
c) Dave Morin
d) Facebook
e) Business
Texto para as questões 27
Hard Lesson in Sleep for Teenagers
By Jane E. Brody October 20, 2014
Few Americans these days get the hours of sleep optimal
for their age, but experts agree that teenagers are more likely to
fall short than anyone else.
Researchers report that the average adolescent needs eight
and a half to nine and a half hours of sleep each night.
However, in a poll taken in 2006 by the National Sleep
Foundation, less than 20 percent reported getting that much rest
on school nights. With the profusion of personal electronics,
the current percentage is believed to be even worse. A study in
Fairfax, Va., found that only 6 percent of children in the 10th
grade and only 3 percent in the 12th grade get the
recommended amount of sleep. Two in three teens were found
to be severely sleep-deprived, losing two or more hours of
sleep every night. The causes can be biological, behavioral or
environmental. The effect on the well-being of adolescents —
on their health and academic potential — can be profound.
Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases the risks of high
blood pressure and heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity,
said Dr. Owens, pediatric sleep specialist at Children's National
Health System in Washington. Sleeplessness is also linked to
risk-taking behavior, depression, suicidal ideation and car
accidents. Insufficient sleep also impairs judgment, decision-
making skills and the ability to curb impulses, which are "in a
critical stage of development in adolescence," Dr. Owens said.
With the current intense concern about raising academic
achievement, it is worth noting that a study by Kyla Wahlstrom
of 9,000 students in eight Minnesota public high schools
showed that starting school a half-hour later resulted in an
hour's more sleep a night and an increase in the students' grade
point averages and standardized test scores.
When children reach puberty, a shift in circadian rhythm
makes it harder for them to fall asleep early enough to get the
requisite number of hours and still make it to school on time. A
teenager’s sleep-wake cycle can shift as much as two hours,
making it difficult to fall asleep before 11 p.m. If school starts
at 8 or 8:30, it is not possible to get enough sleep. Based on
biological sleep needs, a teenager who goes to sleep at 11 p.m,
should be getting up around 8 a.m.
Adding to the adolescent shift in circadian rhythm are
myriad electronic distractions that cut further into sleep time,
like smartphones, iPods, computers and televisions. A stream
of text messages, tweets, and postings on Facebook and
Instagram keep many awake long into the night.
Parents should consider instituting an electronic curfew and
perhaps even forbid sleep-distracting devices in the bedroom,
Dr . Owens said. Beyond the bedroom, many teenagers lead
overscheduled lives that can lead to short nights.
Also at risk are many teenagers from low-income and
minority families, where overcrowding, excessive noise and
safety concerns can make it difficult to get enough restful
sleep, the academy statement said. Trying to compensate for
sleep deprivation on weekends can further compromise an
adolescent's sleep-wake cycle by inducing permanent jet lag.
Sleeping late on weekends shifts their internal clock, making it
even harder to get to sleep Sunday night and wake up on time
for school Monday morning.
(Adapted and abridged from http://www.nytimes.com)
249
27) (Escola Naval 2016) What does the pronoun "their" refer to
in the excerpt "Sleeping late on weekends
shifts their internal clock, making it even harder to get to
sleep Sunday night and wake up on time for school Monday
morning."?
a) Teenagers.
b) Minority families.
c) Safety concerns.
d) Weekends.
e) Parents.
28) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct way to
complete the excerpt below?
The Legacy of Hartlepool
"He thought that if he had the courage to visit the
Long Gallery, the portraits of ________ ancestors would
come to life in ______ frames. _______ would point
______ fingers and say: ' We did ______ duty. We spent
the money as __________ . was meant to be spent [...] . "
(TORDAY, Paul. The Legacy of Hartlepool Hall.
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2012.)
a) him / its / We / ours / ours / he
b) him / theirs / They / their / ours / it
c) her / their / We / ours / our / he
d) his / their / They / their / our / it
e) his / its / They / theirs / our / it
29) (Escola Naval 2017) Which is the correct way to complete
the text below?
11 reasons why it is important to have Dreams
Everyone always says: “Follow ______ dreams!” But
not everyone does ______. Life interjects, bills pile up, and
sometimes ______ have to do boring jobs just to make
______ through the day. However, there are a number of
reasons to follow ______ dreams, to break the trend, and to
live the life you’ve always wanted. Here they are below,
(http: //www. Iifehack.org)
a) your / it / we / it / your
b) yours / it / you / them / yours
c) you / it / they / l / you
d) your / they / we / them / your
e) yours / them / l / it / yours
30) (Escola Naval 2019) Mark the correct option to complete
the text below.
When Debbie Carr collapsed unconscious on the floor
after an epileptic fit, ________ son might easily have
panicked. But the youngster showed the kind of coolness in
a crisis - and conversational skill - that was way beyond
________ years.
________ picked up the phone, dialled 999 and gave the
operator ________ full name, _________ mother's name
and the number of the house and the street where
________, lived. An ambulance was duly dispatched to
Whinfield Terrace in Rowlands Gill, near Gateshead, Tyne
and Wear.
The operator kept ________ on the line until for around
half an hour, awaiting the arrival of the ambulance.
(Adapted from:
<https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-21322/The-
boy-saved-mothers-life.html>)
a) his / her / She / her / her / she / his
b) hers / him / She / him / him / he / his
c) her / his / He / her / his / he / her
d) hers / him / She / him / her / they / him
 e) her / his / He / his / his / they / him fair, nor efficient, for students to move through education with
Texto para a questão 31 limited views of both the amplitude of the labour market and
Career confusion in the 21st century: challenges and their own potential.
opportunities 31) (Escola Naval 2020) The word "their", in "[ ... ] with I
[1] The time and energy that teenagers dedicate to learning imited views of both the amplitude of the labour market
and the fields of study they choose profoundly shape the and their own potential." (paragraph 6), refers to:
opportunities they will have during their whole lives. Their a) working class kids.
dreams and aspirations do not just depend on their talents, but b) complex lives.
they can be highly influenced by their personal background as c) career aspirations.
well as by the depth and extent of their knowledge about the d) students.
world of work. ln summary, students cannot be what they e) results from PISA.
cannot see. 32) (CESGRANRIO 1993) Mark the option which completes
[2] With young people staying in education longe than ever the following sentences with the adequate pronouns:
and the labour market automating with unprecedented speed, I. Businessmen have __________ own priorities.
students need help to make sense of the world of work. ln II. Everyone must feel happy with __________ working
2018, the OECD Programme for International Student habits.
Assessment (PISA), the world's largest dataset on young III. Working from home allows a mother to spend more time
people's educational experiences, collected first-of-its kind data with __________ children.
on this, making it possible to explore how much the career IV. If you have never tried to work at home, you cannot
discuss __________ disadvantages.
dreams o young people have changed over the past 20 years,
a) I. his, II. their, III. her, IV. their
how closely they are related to actual labour demand, and how
b) I. their, II. its, III. their, IV. its
closely aspirations are shaped by social background
c) I. their, II. his, III. her, IV. its
and gender.
d) I. its, II. your, III. its, IV. their
[3] Studies in Australia, the United Kingdom and the
e) I. his, II. his, III. their, IV. your
United States show that teenagers who combine part-time
33) (EsFCEx 2016) Choose the alternative that correctly
employment with full-time education do better in their school-
completes the sentences according to the right use of
to-work transitions. The positive benefits include lower
pronouns.
probabilities of being unemployed or NEET (Not in
Dear friend, thanks for _____email. It is so nice to hear
Education1 Employment or Training), higher waçes, and others
from ______. Let _____tell you ______news, even though
(see Box 1). However, the benefits cannot be taken for granted
______are much more interesting.
and some experiences in different countries have demonstrated
a) your - you - me - my – yours
that governments and schools can better support young people
b) yours - you - I - mine – your
as they prepare themselves for working life.
c) you - yours - my - his – they
[4] Schools may provide programmes of career
d) my - me - mine - my – you
development activities, particularly those that include
e) yours - I - I - mine – theirs
workplace experience. Experience of the world of work
challenges young people to understand what it means to be
personally effective in different workplaces while providing a
unique opportunity to develop social networks of value.
Through exposure to the people who do different jobs, young
people have the chance to challenge genderN and class-based
stereotyping and expand their aspirations, easing ultimate entry
into the labour market (see Box 2).
[5] However, in recent years, analyses of career preparation
have focused on the challenge of misalignment: where the
educational plans of young people are out of kilter with their
occupational expectations. When young people underestimate
the education required to fulfil their dreams, they can expect to
find their early working lives more difficult than would be
expected. Of particular concern is that most young people
whose aspirations are misaligned with their education come
from disadvantaged backgrounds. Consequently, it is now clear
that career guidance serves an important service in dealing with
inequalities.
[6] Results from PISA show that the career aspirations of
young people are no simple reflection of teenage academic
ability. Rather, they reflect complex lives. Analyses show that
the children of more advantaged families are more likely to
want to go on to university than working class kids. Similarly,
career thinking is often determined by gender and immigrant
background as well as socioeconomic status. Disadvantaged
young people are at clear risk of career confusion. lt is neither

250
 Gabarito
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) E
5) D
6) A
7) C
8) A
9) D
10) D
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) B
15) A
16) B
17) B
18) C
19) B
20) C
21) A
22) A
23) B
24) A
25) D
26) B
27) A
28) D
29) A
30) E
31) D
32) C
33) A

251
 Reflexive Pronouns
1) (EEAr 2. 2017) The word “yourself” is a __________
pronoun
a) personal
b) reflexive
c) possessive
d) demonstrative
2) (EEAr 1. 2018) The word themselves, in bold in the text,
refers to ____.
When “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” opens on Dec.
18 and, for the first time in nearly a decade, moviegoers can
return to that galaxy of long ago and far, far away, they will
find that it contains two new stars. The film, which is
directed by J. J. Abrams and continues the interstellar saga
of Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia and Han Solo some 30
years after the events of “Return of the Jedi” (1983), is also
a launching pad for two young actors who are barely half as
old as the “Star Wars” franchise itself.
Daisy Ridley, who plays a mysterious scavenger named
Rey, and John Boyega, who plays a disaffected
stormtrooper named Finn, are among the new heroes of
“The Force Awakens” and are bracing themselves for the
biggest roles of their careers.
a) Daisy Ridley and John Boyega
b) Princess Leia and Han Solo
c) The Force Awakens
d) roles and careers
3) (EEAr 2. 2020) The words in bold are, respectively,
_______________ pronouns.
What a Wonderful World
Louis Armstrong
I see trees of green, red roses too
I see them bloom for me and you
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
I see skies of blue and clouds of white
The bright blessed days, the dark sacred night
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
The colors of the rainbow, so pretty in the sky
Are also on the faces of people going by
I see friends shaking hands, saying: How do you do?
They’re really saying: I love you!
I hear babies crying, I watch them grow
They’ll learn much more, than I’ll never know
And I think to myself, what a wonderful world
Yes, I think to myself, what a wonderful world
Adapted from: https://www.letras.mus.br/louis-
armstrong/2211/
a) object, reflexive, object, and personal
b) reflexive, object, personal, and reflexive
c) reflexive, reflexive, object, and personal
d) object, reflexive, personal, and personal
4) (EEAr 2. 2022) The word itself, in bold in the text, refers
to
Volcano eruption in Italy
A volcano eruption in southern Italy caused chaos in the
skies yesterday. The eruption produced a cloud of smoke
that slowly spread itself over an area of thousands of square
kilometers. The excessive amount of ash particles in the
airspace caused a biplane to crash. The fine gray particles
got inside both engines and, all of a sudden, neither of them
were working. The crash had one fatal victim: a 21-year-old
252
pilot named Antonella Ponzini. Her father, a rich
landowner, is said to be devastated at the loss of his only
daughter.
a) area.
b) Italy.
c) cloud.
d) biplane.
5) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Choose the right alternative to
complete the gap:
Mr. Thompson’s secretary was ill yesterday, so he had to
type the document ________.
a) him
b) herself
c) himself
d) yourself
6) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Choose the correct reflexive pronoun
to complete the following sentence.
“The men formed __________ into a line”
a) himself
b) yourself
c) yourselves
d) themselves
7) (AFA 2011) Observe the reflexive pronoun in italics
(myself) and then read the sentences below.
I. Just help yourself, won’t you?
II. I hope the children behave themselves.
III. The chef himself welcomes the customers to the
restaurant.
Considering the letters A (reflexive), B (emphatic) and C
(idiomatic), match the sentences to the letters and choose
the correct alternative.
a) I (A) / II (A) / III (C)
b) I (C) / II (C) / III (B)
c) I (B) / II (A) / III (B)
d) I (A) / II (B) / III (A)
Texto para a questão 8
WHY DO SUPERVILLAINS FASCINATE US? A
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Why are we fascinated by supervillains? Posing the
question is much like asking why evil itself intrigues us, but
there's much more to our continued interest in supervillains
than meets the eye.
Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the Red Skull run
unconstrained by conventional morality, they exist outside the
limits of reality itself. Their evil, even at its most realistic,
retains a touch of the unreal.
But is our fascination with fantastic fiends1 healthy? From a
psychological perspective, views vary on what drives our
enduring interest in superhuman bad guys.
Shadow confrontation: Psychiatrist Carl Jung believed we
need to confront and understand our own hidden nature to grow
as human beings. Healthy confrontation with our shadow
selves can unearth new strengths (e.g., Bruce Wayne creating
his Dark Knight persona to fight crime), whereas unhealthy
attempts at confrontation may involve dwelling on or
unleashing the worst parts of ourselves.
Wish fulfillment: Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as
inherently antisocial, biologically driven by the undisciplined
id's pleasure principle to get what we want when we want it –
born to be bad but held back by society. Even if the psyche
fully develops its ego (source of self-control) and superego
(conscience), Freudians say the id still dwells2 underneath, and
it wishes for many selfish things – so it would love to be c) [...] become heroic might twist the need for self-
supervillainous. assertion into destruction. (lines 68 and 69)
Hierarchy of needs: Humanistic psychologist Abraham d) [...] all characters assert themselves in any given story.
Maslow held that people who haven't met their most basic (line 70 - 71)
needs will have difficulty maturing. If starved for food, you're 9) (Escola Naval 2018) Which option best completes the
unlikely to feel secure. If starved for love and companionship, paragraph beiow?
you'll have trouble building self-esteem. People who dwell on "Waking up after a couple of hours may not be insomnia,"
their deficits may envy and resent others who have more than wrote Wehr. "It may be normal sleep." Ekirch added, "If
they do. Some people who are unable to overcome social people don't fight it, they'll find______falling asleep
shortcomings fantasize about obtaining any means, good or again after roughly one hour."
bad, to satisfy every need and greed. (https://amp.Iivescience.com)
Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov would say we can learn to a) They
associate supervillains with other things we value – like b) Their
entertainment, strength, freedom or the heroes themselves. c) Theirs
Behaviorist B.F. Skinner would likely argue that we can find it d) Them
reinforcing to watch or read about supervillains, but without e) themselves
knowing what's reinforcing about them, that's a bit like saying 10) (EEAr 2012) Fill in the blank, in the extract, with the
it's rewarding because it's rewarding. appropriate reflexive pronoun.
Our Motivations for Seeking Out Supervillains Every week, millions of dollars are spent, and won, on the
Throughout history, humans have been captivated by lottery tickets. The jackpot in many lotteries can be as much
stories of heroes facing off against superhuman foes3. But what as 100 million, and winners suddenly find ________ with
specific rewards, needs, wishes and dark dreams do more money than ever before.
supervillains satisfy? (Active- Skills for reading)
Freedom: Superpowered characters enjoy freedoms the rest GLOSSARY
of us don't. Nobody can arrest Superman unless he lets them (at jackpot – aposta total , prêmio
least not without kryptonite handcuffs). As much time as a) themselves
supervillains spend locked up, they seem to escape as often as b) ourselves
they please, to run unconstrained by rules and regulations. c) yourself
Cosplayers who dress like Wonder Woman and Captain d) himself
America can't do any crazy thing that crosses their minds 11) (EEAr 2015) Fill in the blank, in the text, with the
without seeming to mock and insult our heroes, whereas those appropriate reflexive pronoun.
dressed as villains get to go wild. Supervillainy feels liberating. “Miss Emlyn read us some of it. I asked Mummy to read
Power: Maybe you envy the power these evil characters some more. I liked it. It has a wonderful sound. A brave
wield4. While that's also a reason to adore superheroes, good new world. There isn’t anything really like that, is there?”
guys don't ache to dominate. Stories like Watchmen and “You don’t believe in it?”
Kingdom Come show how heroes become menaces5 when they “Do you?”
try to take over. So when dreaming of superpowers, maybe you “There is always a brave new world”, said Poirot, “but
relate to characters who dream of power as well, from the only, you know, for very special people. The lucky ones.
Scarecrow (who controls individuals' fears) to Doctor Doom The ones who carry the making of that world within
(who's perpetually out to dominate the world). ________.”
Better villain than victim: Physiologically, anger activates (Adapted from Agatha Christie, Hallowe’en Party)
us and feels better than anxiety or fear. One who feels a) yourselves
victimized and cannot figure out constructive ways to stand up, b) yourself
be strong or become heroic might twist the need for self- c) ourselves
assertion into destruction. Alternately, a healthy person simply d) themselves
might focus on how all characters assert themselves in any 12) (EEAr 2011) Fill in the blank with the appropriate
given story. reflexive pronoun:
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/2012/07/why-do- The importance of faith
supervillains-fascinate-us/) According to the Princeton University study, having a
Glossary: spiritual life is the most important factor in the pursuit of
1. fiend – an evil and cruel person happiness. Going to church helps people to make new
2. to dwell – remain friends and deal better with day-to-day problems. Father
3. foe – an enemy Fábio de Melo believes that everyone can be happy, even
4. to wield – influence, use power when facing difficult problems. He also said, in a program
5. menace – threat aired on TV Canção Nova, that happiness also depends on
8) (AFA 2018) Mark the option in which the underlined word our choices. When we choose to do good and healthy things
makes it clear that the subject and the object are the same. for ______ and for the others, happiness increases.
a) [...] they exist outside the limits of reality itself. (lines 5 (Taken from Maganews # 58)
and 6) GLOSSARY
b) [...] like entertainment, strength, freedom or the heroes faith – fé
themselves. (lines 38) deal – lidar
aired – divulgado através de in the pursuit of – em busca de

253
 a) itself
b) himself
c) ourselves
d) themselves
13) (EEAr 2013) Choose the right alternative to have the blank
filled in the letter:
Dear Maggie,
My son just announced that he is going away to school.
Bobby is a good student, and I am very proud of him.
Any college would be lucky to have him!
My only concern is that he’s never lived away from home
before. Will he be able to take care of _______?
What if there’s an emergency?
Give me some advice so that I can relax!
Doubtful Dad
a) itself
b) herself
c) himself
d) yourself
14) (PUC 1997) Fill in the blanks of the text below with the
appropriate pronouns:
Dear Debbie,
How are you? Lisa and I are having a marvelous holiday.
We are really enjoying __________. We brought three
tubes of suntan cream with __________ and we've used
__________ all up already. Lisa is a bit annoyed because
her suntan isn't as good as __________.
a) ourselves – we – them – mine
b) ourselves – us – them – mine
c) us – us – they – my
d) us – we – themselves – mine
e) ourselves – ourselves – they – my
15) (Quadrix 2021) Choose the alternative that presents a
reflexive pronoun.
a) “to find a balance between their work and life” (lines 2
and 3)
b) “They need to work” (lines 4 and 5)
c) “some major bug in their application” (lines 6 and 7)
d) “They stretch themselves” (line 7)
e) “balance between your career and your personal life”
(lines 16 and 17)
16) (Alternative Concursos 2021) Complete the sentences
with one of the words in the brackets:
a) _____ house is at 667, Great Avenue. [My – Mine –Me]
b) His house is near ________. [my – mine – me]
c) I want to see him. Call ______when he arrives. [my –
mine – me]
d) Girls, don't limit _______________. [herself –
yourselves – themselves]
e) John and Mary has a new car. ______car is a Volvo.
[Their – Its – Theirs]
Respectively, the correct order is:
a) Mine- mine- me- themselves- Theirs
b) My- my- me- herself- Their
c) My- mine- me- yourselves- Their
d) Mine- mine- me- yourselves- Theirs
e) My- my- me- yourselves- Its
17) (CONSESP 2017) Complete the sentence with the best
alternative.
“That old machine cleans ________!”
a) Theirself
b) Itself
c) themself
254
d) myself
18) (CONSESP 2017) Complete the sentence with the best
alternative.
“That old machine cleans ________!”
a) theirself
b) Itself
c) themself
d) myself
19) (CONSESP 2017) Mark the best alternative to complete
the blank.
“Phoebe hurt ______ last game, then, she might not play
tomorrow.”
a) herself
b) herselves
c) themselves
d) herselfie
20) (VUNESP 2019) One of Benjamin Franklin’s sayings
states that “God helps those who help themselves”. Another
popular saying in English with the correct use of a reflexive
pronoun is found in alternative
a) A house divided against herself cannot stand.
b) Do unto others as you would do to themselves.
c) Take care of the pennies and the dollars will take care of
themselves.
d) Some men are born mediocre, some men achieve
mediocrity, and some men, have mediocrity thrust upon
himself.
e) Nothing succeeds like success himself.
21) (IBADE 2018) Choose the sentence in which the reflexive
pronoun is used correctly.
a) All the students should challenge yourselves.
b) John burnt yourself while he was cooking.
c) The students asked ourselves questions about the text.
d) Mary looked at herself in the mirror.
e) Peter always cuts yourself whenever he cooks.
22) (NUCEPE 2019) Concerning the use of reflexive
pronouns, the option that provides the suitable pronouns
that complete the sentences below, respectively
1. Carol can’t wash ________ if she doesn’t have any
water.
2. The children____________ built the doghouse.
3. The boy cut _________ with a knife last night
a) herself / himself / himself.
b) herself / themselves / himself.
c) themselves / himself / herself.
d) ourselves/ themselves / himself.
e) herself / themselves / myself.
23) (IBFC 2013) The word “itself" refers to:
“It seems that American patriotism measures itself against
an outcast group. The right Americans are the right
Americans because they're not like the wrong Americans,
who are not really Americans". Eric Hobsbawm
a) Americans.
b) American patriotism.
c) Outcast group.
d) Against.
24) (ACAPLAM 2010) To understand your parents` love you
must raise children _____.
a) yourself
b) themselves
c) myself
d) itself
 e) ourselves 32) (VPNE) Here is some money. Go and buy __________
25) (FGR 2018) Mark the CORRECT alternative according to some decent clothes.
the correct grammar use of the Pronouns: a) myself
I. She always does ______________ homework. b) herself
II. Henry never talks to _______________. c) themselves
III. The baby can‟t feed ________________. d) himself
IV. Paulo and you love _________________ teachers e) yourself
a) my / his / they / we
b) she / him / themself / us
c) hers / he / him / yours
d) her / them / himself / your
26) (CESGRANRIO 2008) The item “themselves” (line 27)
refers to
For their new approach, the UMass researchers rapidly
heated cellulose in the presence of solid catalysts, materials
that speed up reactions without sacrificing themselves in
the process. They then rapidly cooled the products to create
a liquid that contains many of the compounds found in
gasoline. The entire process was completed in less than two
minutes using relatively moderate amounts of heat.
a) “researchers” (line 24).
b) “materials” (line 26).
c) “reactions” (line 26).
d) “compounds” (line 29).
e) “amounts” (line 31).
27) (VPNE) People should know about __________.
a) yourself
b) herself
c) himself
d) themselves
e) yourselves
28) (VPNE) Assinale a alternativa correta para preencher o
espaço na sentença a seguir:
Mr. Dean's secretary was ill yesterday, so he had to type the
letters __________.
a) yourself
b) themself
c) himself
d) herself
e) itself
29) (VPNE) The pronoun themselves in the sentence “the
things themselves had existed from the beginning of the
world” is used:
a) as the complement to the verb "had existed".
b) to emphasize the subject of the verb "had existed".
c) in relation to people taken in general.
d) to specify which things are arranged.
e) as a personal pronoun.
30) (VPNE) Assinale a alternativa correta:
I took my husband to the airport __________.
a) himself
b) oneself
c) myself
d) herself
e) yourself
31) (VPNE) You can do that __________.
a) myself
b) himself
c) herself
d) yourself
e) ourselves

255
 Gabarito
1) B
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) C
6) D
7) B
8) D
9) E
10) A
11) D
12) C
13) C
14) B
15) D
16) C
17) B
18) B
19) A
20) C
21) D
22) B
23) B
24) A
25) D
26) B
27) D
28) C
29) B
30) C
31) D
32) E

256
 Relative Pronouns a) which
b) where
1) (EPCAR 2021) The underlined word in the passage “No
c) when
social media site can give a kid the sense of relatedness,
d) who
safety, and warmth that comes from an adult who loves that
6) (EEAr 2. 2017) Economic crisis increases consumption of
child unconditionally just the way they are, no matter what,
rice and beans in Brazil
and takes the time to tell them so” can be replaced by
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer
a) whose.
exchange meat for the traditional dish of rice and beans.
b) which.
High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the
c) what.
low prices of these products, caused by good harvest, are
d) that.
responsible for the increase in demand, __________ will be
2) (EPCAR 2022) The word in bold can be omitted in:
15% to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the
a) Active skaters used to enter the Elfstedentocht, an
year. The average consumption per capita is around 3, 5
iconic ice-skating race covering 200km that passes
kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans.
through 11 cities in the northern province Friesland.
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional -10/05/2017
b) People make their own Christmas decorations, including
GLOSSARY
a star-shaped lantern, called a parol that they hang in
harvest = colheita
windows and streets for the entire festive season.
average consumption = consumo médio
c) "A few days before Christmas, we were still helping
Choose the alternative that best completes the blank in the
clean up the mud that had flooded the houses”, says
text:
Jonelle Tan.
d) Goiás is home to the Cerrado, a vast wooded savannah a) who
b) which
that contains thousands of rare species.
c) whom
3) (EPCAR 2022) Mark the only alternative that the
d) whose
underlined word can be replaced by THAT.
7) (EEAr 1. 2018) – Choose the best alternative to complete
a) “BBC Future speaks to three young people who share
the text
their Christmas stories”.
When “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” opens on Dec.
b) “In the Netherlands, where I grew up, a popular
18 and, for the first time in nearly a decade, moviegoers can
tradition around Christmas is to put on your skates”.
return to that galaxy of long ago and far, far away, they will
c) “It is hit on average by more than 20 typhoons each
find that it contains two new stars. The film,
year, which cause severe flooding and large-scale
________________ is directed by J. J. Abrams and
destruction”.
continues the interstellar saga of Luke Skywalker, Princess
d) "Christmas is a celebration of what we've suffered that
Leia and Han Solo some 30 years after the events of
year, together as a community".
“Return of the Jedi” (1983), is also a launching pad for two
4) (EEAr 2. 2016) Choose the word to have the text
young actors who are barely half as old as the “Star Wars”
completed:
franchise itself.
Another plane returns to Guarulhos airport
Daisy Ridley, who plays a mysterious scavenger named
For the second day consecutive, an airplane had to return to
Rey, and John Boyega, who plays a disaffected
Guarulhos airport, after being hit by birds.
stormtrooper named Finn, are among the new heroes of
The incident happened on Wednesday (27) with a Boeing
“The Force Awakens” and are bracing themselves for the
737- 800 belonging to the airline Gol _____ took off for
biggest roles of their careers.
Fortaleza. The bird entered one of the two motors, causing
(www.nytimes.com.br)
serious troubles. Because of the problem, the plane returned
a) whose
to Guarulhos almost two hours after taking off. The aircraft
b) which
had to use fuel to land with less weight.
c) where
a) Which
d) who
b) whom
8) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Choose the alternative that contains
c) whose
the right use of the relative pronoun, in order to write the
d) who
two sentences below as a single sentence:
5) (EEAr 1. 2017) Can you be too old to donate blood?
That is the teacher. I spoke to her about my grades.
In general, you can never be too old to donate blood.
a) That is the teacher to whom I spoke to about my grades
Though you can be too young or too thin.
b) That is the teacher to who I spoke to about my grades.
The American Association of Blood Banks used to bar
c) That is the teacher to whom I spoke about my grades.
people over 65 from donating blood, but it scrapped the rule
d) That is the teacher who I spoke about my grades.
in 1978 after studies found that older people _____ stored
9) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Fill in the blank with the correct
their own blood prior to surgery did well, said Dr. Steven
pronoun.
Kleinman, the association’s senior medical adviser. Now
“An archeologist is a man_____ work is the study of
most blood banks are happy to accept blood from older
ancient things.”
volunteers.
a) whose
Adapted from: http://well.blogs.nytimes.com
b) which
Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text
c) how
(line 5).
d) who

257
10) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) The best alternative to complete the
text is:
JetBlue ... The crisis? Never heard of it…
The domestic air transport market in the USA must
seem highly unstable to newcomers, including low-cost
carriers. Of the 82 airlines formed in ten years ______
followed deregulation in 1978, only two have survived -
America West and Mid-west Express. Statistics show that
three-quarters of all projects never even get off the ground
and that most of the others crash in less than five years.
Paradoxically, Southwest Airlines, the No.1 success
story in the US air transport today, was founded before
deregulation (in 1972), though it did take advantage of it.
Many of those who tried to imitate the Southwest model
came to grief. Not JetBlue, ______ just four years after it
was formed is continuing to grow at a spectacular rate.
Fonte: Revista Planet Aero-Space
GLOSSARY
come to grief – falir
deregulation – desregulamentação
a) that / how
b) when / that
c) that / which
d) which / When
11) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) Fill in the blank with the correct
relative pronoun.
The cabin crew battled to save the passenger
Ben Graham
Shocked passengers watched as doctors and cabin crew
tried to save the life of a critically ill passenger on a Qantas
flight to Sidney on Friday.
A Qantas spokeswoman confirmed that the passenger
________ received tratment during the medical emergency
couldn’t survive.
The flight from London, via Singapore, was forced to
land in Adelaide because of the incident. No passengers got
off the flight while it was in Adelaide.
A witness on board told that everything started with a
cabin announcement asking for any doctors on board. There
were two passengers with medical training, but nothing
could be done to save the passenger. The crew did
everything they could, including performing CPR with a
doctor on board, but unfortunately the passenger has passed
away.
Adapted from nypost.com
a) who
b) what
c) which
d) whose
12) (EsPCEx 2012) In the sentence “The station is home to
researchers who conduct studies...”, the word who refers to
Fire at Antarctica station kills 2 Brazilian sailors
Two Brazilian sailors died and one was injured Saturday
after a fire broke out at a naval research station in
Antarctica, authorities reported. The fire occurred at the
Comandante Ferraz Station on King George Island, said
Adm. Julio Soares de Moura Neto, commander of the
Brazilian Navy. The three sailors were trying to extinguish
a fire that broke out in the engine room of the facility.
Brazilian military police are investigating the cause. The
station is home to researchers who conduct studies on the
effects of climate change in Antarctica and its implications
258
on the planet, according to the Ministry of Science and
Technology and Innovation. Researchers at the base also
study marine life and the atmosphere.
Adaptado de http://articles.cnn.com, consulta em
26/02/2012
a) station.
b) researchers.
c) home.
d) studies.
e) Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation.
Texto para a questão 13
Children experience basic training and mock deployment
The 460th Force Support Squadron (FSS) hosted the 6th
Annual Operation Future Forces (OFF) Sept. 13, 2014, at
Camp Rattlesnake. OFF allows children ages 8-18 to
experience what military members endure from basic training
to technical school to a mock deployment, ending with a
homecoming party.
“The youth mock deployment was developed to alleviate
many of the stresses commonly experienced by young family
members when one or both parents are deployed,” said Thomas
Cox, 460th FSS youth program chief. “Everything from basic
training, tech schools, camp activities and accomplishing their
mission as a team made the event a one of a kind opportunity
for military kids.”
A few of the boys had their heads shaved before heading
off to “Basic Military Training.” The training consisted of
doing push-ups and sit-ups, jumping through hula-hoops and
running through an inflatable castle. They were also taught
how to stand at attention, salute and do an about-face.
After basic training, each child attended “technical school”
and was taught a specific Air Force Specialty Code to help
them in their mock deployment. Some children were taught
lifesaving self-aid and buddy care skills while others learned
about the importance of radio communications while on a
deployment.
The tech-school graduates were then issued water pistols
before heading out. During their deployment, the children
encountered hostile and non-hostile citizens, a water-balloon
fight and injured allies who needed help along the way.
Adapted from
http://www.buckley.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123424927
13) (EsPCEx 2015) In the sentence “During their deployment,
the children encountered hostile and non-hostile citizens, a
water-balloon fight and injured allies who needed help
along the way.” (paragraph 5), the words their and who
respectively refer to
a) the children and citizens.
b) water pistols and injured allies.
c) the children and injured allies.
d) deployment and non-hostile citizens.
e) graduates and a water-balloon fight.
Texto para a questão 14
Discovery of unexploded bomb in German financial capital
forces evacuation.
German explosives experts defused a massive Second World
War bomb in the financial capital of Frankfurt on Sunday after
tens of thousands of people evacuated their homes.
About 60,000 people were ordered to leave in what was
Germany’s biggest evacuation since the war, with more than
1,000 emergency service workers helping to clear the area
around the bomb, which was discovered on a building site last
week. Police set up cordons around the evacuation area, which
covered a radius of just under a mile (1.5km), as residents
dragged suitcases with them and many families left by bicycle.
The fire service said the evacuation of two hospitals,
including premature babies and patients in intensive care, had
been completed and they were helping about 500 elderly
people to leave residences and care homes.
More than 2,000 tonnes of live bombs and munitions are
found each year in Germany, even under buildings. In July, a
kindergarten was evacuated after teachers discovered an
unexploded Second World War bomb on a shelf among some
toys. British and American warplanes pummelled Germany
with 1.5 million tonnes of bombs that killed 600,000 people.
Officials estimate that 15% of the bombs failed to explode.
Frankfurt police said they rang every doorbell and used
helicopters with heat-sensing cameras to make sure nobody
was left behind before they began defusing the bomb on
Sunday.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/
14) (EsPCEx 2018) Choose the alternative with the correct
reference for the underlined words from the text.
a) their (paragraph 1) = experts.
b) which (paragraph 2) = the area.
c) them (paragraph 2) = suitcases.
d) they (paragraph 3) = the fire service.
e) that (paragraph 4) = warplanes.
15) (EsPCEx 2020) In the sentence “The projects focus on
developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which
they are based.” (paragraph 3), the words in which and
they consecutively refer to
OXFAM AMERICA
Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine
Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942 in
response to the European famine-related issues resulting
from the Second World War. Ten other countries
worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have
started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as
Oxfam International.
Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting
solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice through
long-term partnerships with poor communities around the
world. As a privately funded organization, we can speak
with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural
barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit
people from gaining the skills, resources, and power to
become self-sufficient.
Oxfam implements various global projects that target
areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on
developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which
they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the
form of food aid. Oxfam’s projects operate on the
communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues
causing poverty and hunger in the community and
subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end
hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.
Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or
is involved range from a women’s literacy program in India
to providing microloans and agriculture education programs
for small-scale organic farmers in California.
Adapted from
http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm
a) Oxfam and the projects.
259
b) the projects and food aid.
c) the communities and food aid.
d) self-sufficiency and the communities.
e) the communities and the projects.
16) (EsPCEx 2022) In the sentence “...whose massive ‘I was
there’ coverage of D-Day…” (paragraph 1), the word
whose refers to
The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius
Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and
its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The
Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely
war correspondent.
a) literary journalism.
b) D-Day.
c) journalism.
d) Cornelius Ryan.
e) books and movies.
17) (AFA 2012) All the options below complete the boldfaced
sentence. Mark the one in which the Relative Pronoun is
INCORRECTLY used.
When Brazilian Aviation School was founded,
a) both the Brazilian Army and the Navy, which had their
own air arms, used to have military missions.
b) Rio de Janeiro was the place where this school was
located.
c) there were two French aircrafts who were available to
the instructions of the students.
d) it provided instructions that were similar to the best
European schools.
18) (AFA 2012) The relative pronoun THAT can be omitted in
all the sentences below, EXCEPT
a) The collective evidence from a number of such studies
suggests that the bilingual experience improves the
brain’s so-called executive function. (lines 40 – 43)
b) [...] the bilingual advantage was centered primarily in
ability for inhibition that was improved by the exercise
of suppressing one language system. (lines 52 – 55)
c) [...] there is reason to believe that it may also apply to
those who learn a second language later in life. (lines 64
– 66) [...]
d) But who would have imagined that the words we hear
and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a
deep imprint? (lines 90 – 93)
19) (AFA 2014) In the sentence “Hans Moravec was a futurist
who pointed out that machine technology copied a savant
infant [...]” the pronoun “who” can be replaced, with no
change in meaning, by
a) which.
b) whose.
c) what.
d) that.
20) (AFA 2015) In the sentence “there is a number of theories
that attempt to explain the link” (lines 84-85), it is possible
to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in
a) when.
b) how.
c) whom.
d) which.
21) (AFA 2016) In the sentence “there was a single kind that
could be measured by standardized tests” (lines 07 and 08),
it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun
accordingly in
a) when.
b) which.
c) how.
d) whom.
22) (AFA 2019) Mark the sentence in which “that” can
correctly replace the pronoun.
a) Music therapy, which is a form of psychotherapy, can
have positive effects (lines 33 to 35).
b) A methodological form of assistance in which musical
means are used (lines 49 and 50).
c) For patients who have difficulties in expressing
emotions [...] (lines 61 and 62).
d) Patients often express the wish to become aware of
themselves again (lines 118 to 120).
Texto para a questão 23
The end of life on Earth?
It weighted about 10,000 tons, entered the atmosphere at a
speed of 64,000 km/h and exploded over a city with a blast of
500 kilotons. But on 15 February 2013, we were lucky. The
metereorite that showered pieces of rock over Chelyabinsk,
Russia, was relatively small, at only about 17 metres wide.
Although many people were injured by falling glass, the
damage was nothing compared to what had happened in
Siberia nearly one hundred years ago, when a relatively small
object (approximately 50 metres in diameter) exploded in mid-
air over a forest region, flattening about 80 million trees. If it
had exploded over a city such as Moscow or London, millions
of people would have been killed.
By a strange coincidence, the same day that the meteorite
terrified the people of Chelyabinsk, another 50m-wide asteroid
passed relatively close to Earth. Scientists were expecting that
visit and know that the asteroid will return to fly close by us in
2046, but the Russian meteorite earlier in the day had been too
small for anyone to spot.
Most scientists agree that comets and asteroids pose the
biggest natural threat to human existence. It was probably a
large asteroid or comet colliding with Earth which wiped out
the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago. An enormous object,
10 to 16 km in diameter, struck the Yucatan region in Mexico
with the force of 100 megatons. That is the equivalent of one
Hiroshima bomb for every person alive on Earth today.
Many scientists, including the late Stephen Hawking, say
that any comet or asteroid greater than 20km in diameter that
hits Earth will result in the complete destruction of complex
life, including all animals and most plants. As we have seen
even a much smaller asteroid can cause great damage.
The Earth has been kept fairly safe for the last 65 million
years by good fortune and the massive gravitational field of the
planet Jupiter. Our cosmic guardian, with its stable circular
orbit far from the sun, sweeps up and scatters away most of the
dangerous comets and asteroids which might cross Earth’s
orbit.
Taken from: http://learningenglishteens.britishcouncil.org –
Access on 29/06/2020
23) (AFA 2020) “Which” (line 34) refers to
a) the sun.
b) comets and asteroids.
c) cosmic guardian.
260
d) Earth.
24) (EFOMM 2013) In which sentence below can you leave
out the relative pronoun?
a) Last week I met some people who were born in the
USA.
b) The film which we saw yesterday was very interesting.
c) That’s the restaurant where Carol works.
d) My sister, who is 31 years old, got married in July.
e) I didn’t get what I wanted for my birthday.
25) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the alternative where the pronoun
can correctly be omitted.
a) Do Exercise 1, which is very easy.
b) Have you read the letter which I sent you?
c) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
d) The man who gave me the book was the librarian.
e) These walls are all that remain of the city.
26) (EFOMM 2015) Say if the sentences below are C (correct)
or I (incorrect).
( ) This is my sister Jane, whom you met last week.
( ) She remarried six months later, what surprised
everyone.
( ) I visited Mr. Rogers, whose son I used to go to school
with.
( ) He doesn’t like the people with who he works.
The correct sequence is:
a) (I) (C) (C) (I)
b) (C) (C) (I) (C)
c) (C) (I) (C) (I)
d) (C) (I) (I) (C)
e) (I) (I) (I) (C)
27) (Escola Naval 2011) Which sequence best completes the
text below?
Mr Stephens, _______ (1) recently defended WikiLeaks
boss Julian Assange, said the latest move has made a
mockery of celebrity super-injunctions. “It’s” becoming
increasingly untenable _________ (2) super-injunctions can
continue in the way they have, as there are so many people
________ (3) breaking the law and in contempto f court.
a) that - that – that
b) who - which - who
c) that - what – that
d) whom - which – Ø
e) who - that – Ø
Texto para a questão 28
USING SENSORS TO PREDICT BREAKING GLASS
Ever been walking down the street in a major city and
suddenly get the eerie feeling that something is not quite right
above you? Some of the buildings around you will be designed
with lots of glass. Huge plates of the stuff. What might happen
if that glass shattered and started falling all over you? This
happens more often than you might think. And with large glass
façades becoming part of modern building design, it’s
becoming even more of a concern to architects, builders and
engineers.
Researches at the Fraunhofer Institute want to help by using
sensors to sound the alarm before the glass is already breaking
and falling. Four sensors are situated on the edge of the pane at
a distance of one meter from each other. One sensor produces
an ultrasound wave that is registered by the others. If the
signal remains constant, the pane is not defective. If it changes,
this indicates a fissure, which most often emanates from the
edge of the pane and is initially invisible. It is only as time goes
by that it gets larger due to various factors, like fluctuations in
temperature. The information is relayed to the building control
systems and an alarm goes off.
The modules are also equipped to with light and
temperature sensors that can instruct the building control
system to lower shades to prevent the building from getting too
hot.
(Adapted from: http://news.discovery.com)
28) (Escola Naval 2011) Which alternative below
is CORRECT, based -on the text above?
a) The word "stuff" (line 4) refers to "glass".
b) The word "others" (line 13) refers "acoustic signals".
c) The word "it" (line 14) refers to "the pane".
d) The word "which" (line 15) refers to "defective".
e) The word "that" (line 21) refers to "modules".
Texto para a questão 29
Genetically Modified Foods, Pros and Cons.
Genetically modified foods (GMs)are becoming
increasingly coirtmon in many countries. However, before one
opts for any of these foods, it is very important to know
about their pros and cons.
There are a variety of reasons for developing GMs. For
instance, some foods are genetically modified to prevent the
occurrence of allergies after consumption, while some are
developed to improve their shelf life.
Though the seeds of GMs are quite expensive, their cost of
production is said to be lesser than that of the traditional crops
for these foods do have natural resistance towards damaging
pests and insects. This reduces the necessity of exposing crops
to hazardous Chemicals. It is also said that GMs grow faster.
Due to this, productivity increases, providing the population
with more food. At times, GMs crops can be grown at places
with unfavorable climatic conditions whereas a normal crop
can grow only in specific season or under some favorable
climatic conditions.
The biggest threat caused by GMs is that they can have
harmful effects on the human body. It is believed that they can
cause diseases which are immune to antibiotics. Moreover,
according to some experts, people who consume such foods
have high chances of developing câncer. Besides, not much is
known about their long-term effects on human beings.
In many countries, manufacturers do not mention on the
labei that foods are genetically modified because they think
that this would affect their business. However, this is not a
good practice as consumers do not get the chance to decide
whether they should really opt for these foods, Experts are of
the opinion that with the increase of genetically modified
foods, developing countries would start depending more on
industrial countries because it is likely that the food production
would be controlled by them in the time to come.
(Adapted from http://www.buzzle.com)
29) (Escola Naval 2012) Which alternat:ive below
is INCORRECT, basied on the above?
a) The word "their" modified foods". (line 4) refers to
"Genetically modified foods".
b) The word "their" (line 8) refers to "foods".
c) The word "that" (line 10) refers "the cost of
production"
d) The word "they" modified foods". (line 19) refers to
"Genetically modified foods"
e) The word "them" (line 33) refers to "developing
countries".
261
30) (Escola Naval 2018) Which is the correct option to
complete the film synopsis below?
Hacksaw Ridge
Desmond Doss,______endured a troubled childhood
in rural Virginia, enlists in the army. After Desmond's
desire to serve as an unarmed medic is approved by
military officials, he is sent to the Pacific arena,______he
saves dozens of lives during the Battle of Okinawa.
(Adapted from http://oscar.go.com/nomÍnees/best-
picture/hacksaw-ridge)
a) which / that
b) who / where
c) what / when
d) that / which
e) whose / who
Texto para a questão 31
Sleeping longer than 6.5 hours a night associated with
cognitive decline according to research - what's really going
on here?
November 5, 2021
A good night's sleep is important for many reasons. lt helps
our body repair itself and function as it should, and is linked to
better mental health and lower risk of many health conditions -
including heart disease and diabetes. lt has also been shown
that not getting enough sleep is linked to cognitive decline and
conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
However, more is not always better, as one recent study
found. Researchers from the Washington University School of
Medicine have published a paper that indicates that just like
getting too little sleep, sleeping too much may also be linked
with cognitive decline.
The research team wanted to know how much sleep was
linked to cognitive impairment over time. To do this, they
looked at 100 older adults in their mid-to-late-70s, and tracked
them for between four and five years. At the time of their
study, 88 people did not show any signs of dementia, while 12
showed signs of cognitive impairment (one with mild dementia
and 11 with the pre-dementia stage of mild cognitive
impairment).
Throughout the study, participants were asked to complete
a range of commonplace cognitive and neuropsychological
tests to look for signs of cognitive decline or dementia. Their
scores from these tests were then combined into a single score,
called the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC)
score. The higher the score, the better their cognition was over
time.
Sleep was measured using a single-electrode
encephalography (EEG) device, which participants wore on
their forehead while sleeping, for a total of between four to six
nights. This was done once, three years after people first
completed their annual cognitive tests. This EEG allowed the
researchers to accurately measure brain activity, which would
tell them whether someone was asleep (and for how long), and
how restful that sleep was.
Sleep was only measured at one period during the study,
but this still gave the research team a good indication of
participants' normal sleep habits. While using an EEG to
measure brain activity may be somewhat disruptive to sleep on
the first night, as people get used to the equipment, sleep tends
to return to normal the following night. This means that when
sleep is tracked from the second night onwards, · it is a good
representation of a person's normal sleep habits.
 The researchers also took into account other factors that can
affect cognitive decline - including age, genetics and whether a
person had signs of lhe protein beta-amyloid or tau, which are
both linked to dementia.
Overall, the researchers found that sleeping less than 4.5
hours and more than 6.5 hours a night - alongside poor quality
sleep - was associated with cognitive decline over time.
lnterestingly, the impact of sleep duration on cognitive function
was similar to the effect of age, which is the greatest risk factor
for developing cognitive decline.
(Adapted from https://theconversation.com/)
31) (Escola Naval 2022) What element does the pronoun
“which” reter to in the sentence "lnterestingly, the impact of
sleep duration on cognitive function was similar to the
effect of age, which is the greatest risk factor for
developing cognitive decline."?
a) lnterestingly.
b) Impact.
c) Sleep duration.
d) Cognitive function.
e) Age.
Texto para a questão 32
A HISTORY OF PI
The history of Pi, says the author, though a small part of the
history of mathematics, is nevertheless a mirror of the history
of man. Petr Beckmann holds up this mirror, giving the
background of the times when Pi made progress — and also
when it did not, because science was being stifled by
militarism or religious fanaticism. The mathematical level of
this book is flexible, and there is plenty for readers of all ages
and interests.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Petr Beckmann was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in
1924. Until 1963, he worked as a research scientist for the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, when he was invited as a
Visiting Professor to the University of Colorado, where he
decided to stay permanently as professor of electrical
engineering.
Dr. Beckmann has authored 11 books and more than 50
scientific papers, mostly on probability theory and
electromagnetic wave propagation. History is one of his side
interests; another is linguistics (he is fluent in five languages
and he has worked out a new generative grammar which
enables a computer to construct trillions of grammatical
sentences from a dictionary of less than 100 unprocessed
words).
He also publishes a monthly pro-science, pro-technology,
pro-free enterprise newsletter Access to Energy, in which he
promotes the viewpoint that clean energy can be made
plentiful, but that access to it is blocked by government
interference and environmental paranoia.
BECKMANN, Petr. A History of Pi. New York: Barnes &
Noble Books, 1983.
32) (ITA 2013) Indique a alternativa que contém a referência
correta para o termo sublinhado.
a) “giving the background of the times when Pi made
progress …” (linhas 3 e 4) → background
b) “Petr Beckmann holds up this mirror, giving the
background of the times when Pi made progress — and
also when it did not …” (linhas 3 - 6) → mirror
262
c) “Until 1963, he worked as a research scientist for the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, when he was
invited …” (linhas 8 e 9) → research scientist
d) “he is fluent in five languages and he has worked out a
new generative grammar which enables a computer to
construct …” (linhas 10 – 11) → five languages
e) “He also publishes a monthly pro-science, pro-
technology, pro-free enterprise newsletter Access to
Energy, in which he promotes the viewpoint …” (linha
23 - 25) → newsletter Access to Energy
33) (ITA 2016) O termo whose em: “They’ll head home with
golden contacts (investor cocktail hours were built into the
packed schedule) and a commitment for up to $500,000 in
seed capital from Capria Accelerator, a first-of-its-kind
venture whose initial investors include Microsoft cofounder
(and world’s richest man) Bill Gates.”, refere-se a
a) golden contacts.
b) a commitment.
c) seed capital.
d) Capria Accelerator.
e) Bill Gates.
34) (ITA 2016) As palavras utilizadas como referentes aos
aplicativos são
a) that, mine, it.
b) it, even, mine.
c) that's, it, them.
d) that, me, mine.
e) them, that, it.
Texto para a questão 35
GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: CAN
LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER?
Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four
pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began
feeling happier. He explains why.
Let me tell you a bit about myself. I’m 35 years old, male,
single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing
company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro
neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a
neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. The
rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my
savings.
Some of you may think that I’m a loser: an unmarried adult
with not much money. The old me would have been way too
embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride.
But I honestly don’t care about things like that any more. The
reason is very simple: I’m perfectly happy just as I am. The
reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions.
Minimalism is a lifestyle in which you reduce your
possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare
essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the
pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, it has IV. …which of course I
also led to a more fundamental shift. It’s given me a chance to had never once … (linhas a fabulous antique câmera
think about what it really means to be happy. 53 e 54)
We think that the more we have, the happier we will be. We Estão corretas
never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save a) I, II e III.
as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we b) I e III.
gradually start judging people by how much money they have. c) I e IV.
You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so d) II, III e IV.
you don’t miss out on success. And for you to make money, e) todas.
you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes.
So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which I’d had
for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. I
feel more content now than I ever did in the past.
I wasn’t always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things,
believing that all those possessions would increase my self-
worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of
useless stuff, and I couldn’t throw anything away. I was a
natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an
interesting person.
At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself
with other people who had more or better things, which often
made me miserable. I couldn’t focus on anything, and I was
always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didn’t treat
women fairly. I didn’t try to change; I thought this was all just
part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy.
My apartment wasn’t horribly messy; if my girlfriend was
coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to
make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were
books stacked everywhere because there wasn’t enough room
on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or
twice, thinking that I would read them when I had the time.
The closet was crammed with what used to be my favourite
clothes, most of which I’d only worn a few times. The room
was filled with all the things I’d taken up as hobbies and then
gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust.
Conversational English workbooks I’d planned to study once I
had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, which of
course I had never once put a roll of film in.
It may sound as if I’m exaggerating when I say I started to
become a new person. Someone said to me: “All you did is
throw things away,” which is true. But by having fewer things
around, I’ve started feeling happier each day. I’m slowly
beginning to understand what happiness is.
If you are anything like I used to be – miserable, constantly
comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life
sucks – I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your
things. […] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy
happiness only makes us happy for a little while.
35) (ITA 2017) As palavras sublinhadas nos excertos da coluna
I foram utilizadas tendo os referentes respectivamente
indicados na coluna II
Coluna I Coluna II
I. ...it has also led to a
living with only the bare
more fundamental shift.
Essentials
(linhas 17 e 18)
II. …which often made
other people who had
me miserable. (linhas 37 e
more or better things
38)
III. ...I would read them
when I had the time. my bookshelves
(linha 47)

263
 Gabarito
1) D
2) B
3) A
4) A
5) D
6) B
7) B
8) C
9) A
10) C
11) A
12) B
13) C
14) D
15) C
16) D
17) E
18) B
19) D
20) D
21) B
22) C
23) B
24) B
25) B
26) A
27) E
28) A
29) E
30) B
31) E
32) E
33) D
34) A
35) C

264
 Demonstrative Pronouns
1) (EEAr 1. 2020) Choose the alternative that best completes
the dialogue:
Mary: Hi, ____ am Mary Smith. ___ am from the USA.
What’s your name?
Paul: _____ name is Paul Thompson
Mary: Nice to meet you. _____ are you from?
Paul: Nice to meet you, too. _____ am from London. And
who is ____ woman?
Mary: ____ is Jessica Lopez. ____ is from the USA too.
a) She - She - Her - When - I - that - He - He
b) I - I - My - Where - I - that - She - She
c) I - I - My - When - I - those - He - He
d) I - I - I - Where - He - that - She - She
2) (EEAr 1. 2022) In the sentence “In their survey of 642
college freshmen, those who measured their self-worth
against objective standards, such as getting good grades,
were actually more stressed...”, the word in bold refers to:
The best way to boost self-esteem
Working hard to accomplish great things is a healthy
way to pump your ego? Not necessarily, according to
researchers at the University of Michigan. In their survey of
642 college freshmen, those who measured their self-worth
against objective standards, such as getting good grades,
were actually more stressed - and received no higher marks
- than those who based how they felt themselves of their
relationships with others. That’s not to say that you
shouldn’t work hard; just don’t make it all about you.
“Instead of focusing on whether you’re succeeding, ask
yourself, ‘What am I contributing to society? How will
people benefit from what I’m doing?’” suggests lead
researcher Jennifer Crocker, Ph.D. “This takes the pressure
off you and guarantees that your work will always feel
meaningful.”
a) college freshmen.
b) researchers.
c) good grades.
d) standards.
3) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Complete the sentences with the right
demonstrative pronoun:
Who is ________ officer over there?
a) this
b) that
c) these
d) those
Texto para a questão 4
President Obama Launches Gun-Violence Task Force
Five days after deadliest elementary school shooting in U.S.
history, President Obama said his administration plans
immediate action early next year on proposals to curb an
“epidemic of gun violence”. At a morning news conference,
Obama announced the formation of a task force to be headed
by Vice President Joe Biden that will formulate a package of
policy recommendations by January. “The fact that this
problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing
nothing”, Obama said. “The fact that we can’t prevent every
act of violence doesn’t mean that we can’t steadily reduce the
violence and prevent the very worst violence.” The president
said he intends to push for implementation of the proposals
“without delay”. “This is a team that has a very specific task to
pull together real reforms right now”, he said.
265
While Obama did not offer specifics, he suggested the task
force would examine an array of steps to curb gun violence and
prevent mass shootings, including legislative measures, mental
health resources and a “look more closely at a culture that all-
too-often glorifies guns and violence”. “I will use all the
powers of this office to help advance efforts aimed at
preventing more tragedies like this”, Obama said.
Obama made similar pronouncements following at least
four other mass shootings that marked his first term. But few
policy changes were made. “This is not the first incident of
horrific gun violence of your four years. Where have you
been?”, asked ABC News’ Jake Tapper. “I’ve been president
of the United States, dealing with the worst economic crisis
since the Great Depression, an auto industry on the verge of
collapse, two wars. I don’t think I’ve been on vacation”,
Obama responded.
Adaptado de http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/president-
obama - launches-gun-violence-task-
force/story?id=18015694#UOA3AOTAdyw
4) (EsPCEx 2013) In the sentence “The fact that this problem
is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing
nothing...”, this problem refers to
a) task force.
b) economic crisis
c) police recommendations.
d) an array of steps.
e) gun violence.
Texto para as questões 5
Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World
War Two ended and spent 29 years in the jungle has died aged
91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang
Island near Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did
not believe that the war had ended. He was finally persuaded to
emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown
in to see him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to
Japan.
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command
he obeyed for nearly three decades. “I became an officer and I
received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel
shame. I am very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers
were with him at the end of the war. One emerged from the
jungle in 1950 and the other two died.
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender.
He later said that he dismissed search parties sent to him, and
leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something
suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended.
Though Onoda had been officially declared dead in December
1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last
person from his group was killed by local police, but they did
not find him. Onoda was now alone.
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki,
found Onoda after four days of searching. They became
friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was
waiting for orders from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to
Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as proof of their
encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s
commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to
Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda
and rescinded his original orders in person.
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although
many in Lubang never forgave him for killing 30 people during
his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this Texto para a questão 7
and other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return Shipping industry faces new risks, says Allianz.
home.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-
25772192 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda
5) (EsPCEx 2014) In the sentence “The news media reported
on this and other misgivings...” (paragraph 5), this refers to
a) other misgivings.
b) killing 30 people.
c) so much attention.
d) the Philippine government.
e) original orders.
Texto para a questão 6
The end of life on Earth?
Increasing ship sizes, human error and the challenge of
It weighted about 10,000 tons, entered the atmosphere at a
shipping in arctic waters are among the biggest risks facing the
speed of 64,000 km/h and exploded over a city with a blast of
modern maritime industry, according to Allianz Global
500 kilotons. But on 15 February 2013, we were lucky. The
Corporate and Speciality.
metereorite that showered pieces of rock over Chelyabinsk,
The challenge of shipping in arctic waters is among the biggest
Russia, was relatively small, at only about 17 metres wide.
challenges facing the modern maritime industry, the report
Although many people were injured by falling glass, the
said.
damage was nothing compared to what had happened in
Marking 100 years since the sinking of Titanic, the insurers
Siberia nearly one hundred years ago, when a relatively small
yesterday published a report which noted that, while the world
object (approximately 50 metres in diameter) exploded in mid-
commercial shipping fleet has trebled to over 100,000 vessels
air over a forest region, flattening about 80 million trees. If it
over that period, overall shipping loss rates have declined
had exploded over a city such as Moscow or London, millions
significantly. In 1912, they were one ship per 100 per year; in
of people would have been killed.
2009 they had fallen to one ship per 670 per year.
By a strange coincidence, the same day that the meteorite
Despite this, Safety and shipping 1912-2012: from Titanic to
terrified the people of Chelyabinsk, another 50m-wide asteroid
Costa Concordia, based on research from Cardiff University,
passed relatively close to Earth. Scientists were expecting that
said the industry faced several key challenges. These include
visit and know that the asteroid will return to fly close by us in
the growing trend to ‘super-size’ ships and cost pressures
2046, but the Russian meteorite earlier in the day had been too
which are forcing ship-owners to source crews from emerging
small for anyone to spot.
economies where training standards can be inconsistent.
Most scientists agree that comets and asteroids pose the
7) (EFOMM 2012) In lines 16-17: ‘Despite this, safety and
biggest natural threat to human existence. It was probably a shipping 1912-2012: from Titanic to Costa Concordia,
large asteroid or comet colliding with Earth which wiped out (…)’, the underlined word refers to:
the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago. An enormous object, a) The sinking of Titanic.
10 to 16 km in diameter, struck the Yucatan region in Mexico b) Maritime industry.
with the force of 100 megatons. That is the equivalent of one c) Commercial shipping fleet.
Hiroshima bomb for every person alive on Earth today. d) General shipping loss rate.
Many scientists, including the late Stephen Hawking, say e) Shipping in arctic waters.
that any comet or asteroid greater than 20km in diameter that Texto para as questões 8
hits Earth will result in the complete destruction of complex Too many third graders can’t read this sentence
life, including all animals and most plants. As we have seen 9 Feb. 2017- Editor's Picks
even a much smaller asteroid can cause great damage. Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will
The Earth has been kept fairly safe for the last 65 million impact their future, including academic struggles that could
years by good fortune and the massive gravitational field of the lead to dimmer academic and career prospects. Sadly, only one
planet Jupiter. Our cosmic guardian, with its stable circular in three U.S. students demonstrates reading proficiency at the
orbit far from the sun, sweeps up and scatters away most of the end of third grade. This has alarming consequences
dangerous comets and asteroids which might cross Earth’s for these children, and for our country.
orbit. A report released today from the Business Roundtable
Taken from: http://learningenglishteens.britishcouncil.org – (BRT) sheds light on this troubling trend in American
Access on 29/06/2020 education, and advises business leaders on how they can help
6) (AFA 2020) In “scientists were expecting that visit” (line put more children on a path to success.
17), the underlined word has the same use as in (...)
a) the meteorite that showered pieces of rock (lines 3 and I’ve heard it said that before third grade, students are
4). learning to read, while after third grade, they’re reading to
b) the same day that the meteorite (line 13). learn. Grade three is a critical crossroads in a life's journey. If
c) that is the equivalent of one Hiroshima bomb (lines 23 you’ve read this far, then you understand why this is so
and 24). important. Not enough of our young learners can say the same.
d) any comet or asteroid [...] that hits Earth (lines 27 and
28).

266
 I encourage you to read the BRT report. As you read, please
consider ways to help our schools and our teachers keep
students on paths to bright futures.
(Adapted from https ://www.linkedin.com)
8) (Escola Naval 2017) By reading the text, we CANNOT
state that the pronoun
a) “their” in “Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face
challenges that will impact their future...” refers to
"Two-thirds of U.S. third graders”.
b) "these" in "This has alarming consequences
for these children...” refers to “only one in three U.S.
students”.
c) “they” in “...how they can help put more children on a
path to success.” refers to “business leaders".
d) “they" in “...while after third grade, they’re reading to
learn.” refers to “students”.
e) "you” in “I encourage you to read the BRT report.”
refers to the reader.
Texto para a questão 9
If children lose contact with nature they won't fight for it
[1] According to recent research, even if the present rate of
global decarbonisation were to double, we would still be on
course for 6°C of warming by the end of the century. Limiting
the rise to 2°C, which is the target of current policies, requires
a six-time reduction in carbon intensity.
[2] A new report shows that the UK has lost 20% of its
breeding birds since 1966: once common species such as
willow tits, lesser spotted woodpeckers and turtle doves have
all but collapsed; even house sparrows have fallen by two
thirds. Ash dieback is just one of many terrifying plant
diseases, mostly spread by trade. They now threaten our oaks,
pines and chestnuts.
[3] While the surveys show that the great majority of
people would like to see the living planet protected, few are
prepared to take action. This, I think, reflects a second
environmental crisis: the removal of children from the natural
world. The young people we might have expected to lead the
defence of nature have less and less to do with it.
[4] We don't have to undervalue the indoor world, which
has its own rich ecosystem, to lament children's disconnection
from the outdoor world. But the experiences the two spheres
offer are entirely different. There is no substitute for what takes
place outdoors, mostly because the greatest joys of nature are
unplanned. The thought that most of our children will never
swim among phosphorescent plankton at night, will never be
startled by a salmon leaping, or a dolphin breaching is almost
as sad as the thought that their children might not have the
opportunity.
[5] The remarkable collapse of children's engagement with
nature - which is even faster than the collapse of the natural
world - is recorded in Richard Louv's book Last Child in the
Woods, and in a report published recently by the National
Trust. Since the 1970s the area in which children may roam
without supervision has decreased by almost 90%. In one
generation the proportion of children regularly playing in wild
places in the UK has fallen from more than half to fewer than
one in 10. In the US, in just six years (1997-2003) children
with particular outdoor hobbies fell by half. Eleven- to 15-year-
olds in Britain now spend, on average, half their waking day in
front of a screen.
[6] There are several reasons for this collapse: parents'
irrational fear of strangers and rational fear of traffic, the
267
destruction of the fortifying lands where previous generations
played, the quality of indoor entertainment, the structuring of
children's time, the criminalisation of natural play. The great
indoors, as a result, has become a far more dangerous place
than the diminished world beyond.
[7] The rise of obesity and asthma and the decline in cardio-
respiratory fitness are well documented. Louv also links the
indoor life to an increase in attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder and other mental ill health. Research conducted at the
University of Illinois suggests that playing among trees and
grass is associated with a marked reduction in indications of
ADHD, while playing indoors appears to increase them. The
disorder, Louv suggests, "may be a set of symptoms aggravated
by lack of exposure to nature". Perhaps it's the environment,
not the child, that has gone wrong.
[8] In her famous essay the Ecology of Imagination in
Childhood, Edith Cobb proposed that contact with nature
stimulates creativity. Reviewing the biographies of 300
"geniuses", she exposed a common theme: intense experiences
of the natural world in the middle age of childhood (between
five and 12). Animals and plants, she argued, are among "the
figures of speech in the rhetoric of play... which the genius, in
particular of later life, seems to remember".
[9] Studies in several nations show that children's games are
more creative in green places than in concrete playgrounds.
Natural spaces encourage fantasy and roleplay, reasoning and
observation. The social standing of children there depends less
on physical dominance, more on inventiveness and language
skills.
9) (Escola Naval 2019) In paragraph 9, the word "there”
refers to
a) social standing.
b) concrete playgrounds.
c) nations.
d) studies.
e) natural spaces.
10) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
It is important that female navy officers are now
commanding vessels, not only because of ________
achievement in and of itself, but also because ________
types of posts will help ______ advance even more in
______ careers.
(Adapted from http://cimsec.org)
a) these / these / it / its
b) this / this / her / her
c) this / these / it / her
d) these / this / them / their
e) this / these / them / their
Texto para a questão 11
5 Ways To Turn Fear Into Fuel
Editor’s note: This is a guest post from Jonathan Fields,
author of Uncertainty: Turning Fear and Doubt Into Fuel for
Brilliance.
Uncertainty. It’s a terrifying word.
Living with it, dangling over your head like the sword of
Damocles, day in day out, is enough to send anyone spiraling
into a state of anxiety, fear and paralysis.
Like it or not, though, uncertainty is the new normal. We
live in a time where the world is in a state of constant, long-
term flux. And, that’s not all. If you want to spend your time on
the planet not just getting-by, but consistently creating art,
experiences, businesses and lives that truly matter, you’ll need
to proactively seek out, invite and even deliberately amplify
uncertainty. Because the other side of uncertainty is
opportunity.
Nothing great was ever created by waiting around for
someone to tell you it’s all going to be okay or for perfect
information to drop from the sky. Doesn’t happen that way.
Great work requires you to act in the face of uncertainty, to live
in the question long enough for your true potential to emerge.
There is no alternative.
When you find the strength to act in the face of uncertainty,
you till the soil of genius. Problem is, that kills most people. It
leads to unease, anxiety, fear and doubt on a level that snuffs
out most genuinely meaningful and potentially revolutionary
endeavors before they even see the light of day. Not because
they wouldn’t have succeeded, but because you never equipped
yourself to handle and even harness the emotional energy of
the journey.
But, what if it didn’t have to be that way?
What if there was a way to turn the fear, anxiety and self-
doubt that rides along with acting in the face of uncertainty—
the head-to-toe butterflies—into fuel for brilliance?
Turns out, there is. Your ability to lean into the unknown
isn’t so much about luck or genetics, rather it’s something
entirely trainable. I’ve spent the past few years interviewing
world-class creators across a wide range of fields and pouring
over research that spans neuroscience, decision-theory,
psychology, creativity and business.
Through this work, a collection of patterns, practices and
strategies have emerged that not only turbocharge insight,
creativity, innovation and problem-solving, but also help
ameliorate so much of the suffering so often associated with
the pursuit of any creative quest.
Fonte: http://zenhabits.net/fearfuel. Acesso em 07/12/2011.
Texto adaptado.
11) (ITA 2012) No trecho “Problem is, that kills most
people” (linha 20), o pronome relativo “that” refere-se a
a) falta de alternativas.
b) longos questionamentos.
c) dificuldade para agir diante da incerteza.
d) incapacidade de descobrir o verdadeiro potencial.
e) falta de informações precisas.
Texto para a questão 12
STICKERNOMICS
Football albums
Got, got, got, got, got, need
THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children
worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults) the race to
complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini,
an Italian firm, has produced sticker albums for World Cups
since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to
collect. Collecting them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting
every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the
value of statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.
When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they
come in packs of five) has a 640/640 probability of being
needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack
and finding a sticker you want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy
and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of
Geneva, the number of sticker packs that you would have to
buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack
after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock
268
to the market (the theft of hundreds of thousands of stickers in
Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of
cards).
It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini
says that each sticker is printed in the same volumes and
randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and
Velenik gamely played the role of “regulator” by checking the
distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in
Switzerland for that year’s World Cup. Out of their sample of
6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on
average (6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.
Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs
as an individual (not to mention bloody expensive for the
parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to
swap their unwanted stickers. The playground is one version of
this market, where a child who has a card prized by many
suddenly understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs
are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The more
people who can be attracted into the market with their duplicate
cards, the better the chances of finding the sticker you want.
Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute
sticker-swappers would need a mere 1,435 packs between them
to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of Panini’s
practice of selling the final 50 missing stickers to order.
Internet forums, where potentially unlimited numbers of people
can swap stickers, make this number fall even further. The idea
of a totally efficient market should dismay Panini, which will
sell fewer packs as a result. But as in all markets, behaviour is
not strictly rational. Despite entreaties, your correspondent’s
son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of
Lionel Messi.
Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-
economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-need-stickernomics
Acesso: 13/ago/2014
12) (ITA 2014) Marque a opção em que o item lexical
sublinhado não remete a uma informação anterior.
a) That assumes there is no supply… (linha 16)
b) …left many fearful that Panini would run short of
cards… (linhas 18 e 19)
c) …sold in Switzerland for that year’s World Cup. (linhas
24 e 25)
d) …one version of this market, where a child who has a
card prized... (linhas 31 e 32)
e) …should dismay Panini, which will sell fewer packs...
(linhas 43 e 44)
Texto para a questão 13
Reboot the School
SALMAN KHAN’S YOUTUBE LESSONS HAVE
ALREADY MADE HIM A GEEK CELEBRITY.
NOW HE WANTS TO REINVENT HOMEWORK, BANISH
CLASSROOM LECTURES—AND MAYBE SAVE
EDUCATION.
By Kayla Webley
Fifth-graders at Eastside College Preparatory School in East
Palo Alto, Calif., sit at their desks with netbooks. They're in the
middle of a math lesson, listening as a teacher explains how to
convert percentages to decimals. "If we get rid of the percent
sign, we just have to move the decimal sign two places to the
left," the instructor says. Pens scribble across notebooks.
Eleven thousand miles away in Accra, Ghana, students at
the African School for Excellence are studying logarithms.
Their teacher is the same one firing off math tips in California–
both groups of kids are learning by watching online videos.
While the screen shows a march of equations and diagrams, the
students never actually see the face of the lecturer. There's just
a voice, deep, patient and unrehearsed—think NPR host
crossed with Mister Rogers. His inflection rises at times to
underscore a point or when he gets really excited. "Math is not
just random things to memorize and regurgitate on a test next
week," he says. "It's the purest way of describing the universe!"
The voice belongs to Salman Khan, a 35-year-old hedge-
fund manager turned YouTube professor to millions around the
world. Thanks to his Khan Academy, an online repository of
some 3,250 digital lectures, he has become a celebrity to
techies, educators and uncounted high schoolers cramming for
the AP biology test. His 18-minute discourse on the Krebs
cycle and cell metabolism has been viewed more than 675,000
times.
But Khan isn't satisfied with being the most famous teacher
ever to appear on a Web browser. He believes he has stumbled
onto a solution to some of education's most intractable
problems, with his video-driven teaching method at its heart.
He wants to fundamentally change the role of teachers in the
classroom—and redefine the concept of homework along the
way. And he has persuaded Bill Gates, Google's Eric Schmidt
and a minor constellation of other tech billionaires to back this
quest.
Education reform is notoriously difficult. K-12 schools are
debating everything from teacher evaluations to standardized
tests, with no consensus in sight. Universities, meanwhile, are
confronting massive budget cuts and new kinds of
competition—as dramatized by the recent turmoil at the
University of Virginia. Its board fired the president amid
worries that UVa wasn't keeping up with change and
embracing online education fast enough, then rehired her 16
days later after a backlash from students and faculty.
At all levels, there's plenty of skepticism about any tech-
centric approach to teaching. An estimated $65.7 billion was
spent in the U.S. last year on education technology, according
to research firm Gartner. But many educators say there is little
concrete proof of its benefits.
Khan is already butting up against veteran teachers nervous
about their roles in his brave new classroom. But the biggest
obstacle of all may be Khan himself. For all his grassroots
fandom and Silicon Valley cred, he's not an educator, and he's
never worked with children. Are parents and teachers ready to
upend hundreds of years of precedent about how basic subjects
are taught on the word of a guy who has spent more time
analyzing financial statements than standing before a
blackboard?
Fonte: Time, July 9, 2012. Texto adaptado.
13) (ITA 2012) No contexto em que se insere, “this quest”
(linhas 33 e 34) refere-se
a) à tentativa de disseminação do uso de tecnologia na
educação formal.
b) à busca de aprovação de bilionários da tecnologia para
sua pretensão de introduzir educação online no sistema
de ensino.
c) ao questionamento acerca das abordagens do ensino
tradicional.
d) à tentativa de desenvolver tarefas de casa de forma que
cada estudante trabalhe no seu próprio ritmo.
e) à busca por mudança no conceito de ensinar e de fixar o
conteúdo ensinado.
269
Texto para a questão 14
A hundred years ago this weekend, a group of young artists and
writers organised what they called the Modern Art Week in the
new and grandiose municipal theatre in São Paulo. In fact, it
lasted only for three evenings. It included a show of modernist
painting, lectures, poetry recitals and music by Heitor Villa-
Lobos, who was to become Brazil’s best-known composer. It
has since come to be seen as the founding moment of modern
Brazilian artistic culture. Its centenary has brought both
commemoration and some criticism.
The event took place in São Paulo, then a fast-industrialising
frontier city that was starting to rival Rio de Janeiro, the capital
at the time, where the staid cultural establishment was based.
The Brazilian modernists had their contradictions. The would-
be revolutionaries were also dandies, the scions of the coffee-
growing aristocracy, and they were close to the political
oligarchy that ran São Paulo and Brazil. Even so, they were
disrupters.
The week “was a declaration of cultural independence, that we
are not simply a clumsy copy of something else”, says Eduardo
Giannetti, a Brazilian philosopher. The modernists’ aims were
later formalised in a Manifesto Antropófago (Cannibal
Manifesto), written by one of the poets, Oswald de Andrade.
This sought to address the dilemma of how to be a Brazilian
modern artist when modernism was a European import. The
answer: “Absorption of the sacred enemy. To transform him
into a totem.” In other words, Brazilians would not simply
reproduce other models but digest them and turn them into
something that was their own. The group embraced a national
identity that, at least in theory, included black and indigenous
Brazilians and their beliefs, and tropical fauna and flora.
It was cultural nationalism, but of an open-minded,
cosmopolitan and non-xenophobic kind. That was important.
Across Latin America, modernist writers and artists were
forging new national identities. As the innovative 1920s
degenerated into the ideological conflicts of the 1930s, some
would embrace communism and others creole fascism in its
many variants. The Brazilian modernists would radicalise
politically and be coopted, too, by Getúlio Vargas, Brazil’s
nation-builder, who ruled for much of 1930 to 1954, by turns
an autocrat and a democrat.
Fonte: How the “Cannibal Manifesto” changed Brazil
(Updated Feb 20th 2022). In: www.economist.com/the-
americas/ 2022/02/12/how-the-cannibal-manifesto-changed-
brazil. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 20/08/2022.
14) (ITA 2022) No trecho do quarto parágrafo “That was
important”, o termo “that” destacado em itálico sublinhado
refere-se a
a) “The modernists’ aims were later formalised in a
Manifesto Antropófago (Cannibal Manifesto), written
by one of the poets, Oswald de Andrade.”
b) “The answer: “Absorption of the sacred enemy. To
transform him into a totem.””
c) “It was cultural nationalism, but of an open-minded,
cosmopolitan and non-xenophobic kind.”
d) “As the innovative 1920s degenerated into the
ideological conflicts of the 1930s, some would embrace
communism and others creole fascism in its many
variants.”
e) “The Brazilian modernists would radicalise politically
and be co-opted, too, by Getúlio Vargas, Brazil’s
 nation-builder, who ruled for much of 1930 to 1954, by 18) (GUALIMP 2020) Look at the picture. Based on what you
turns an autocrat and a democrat.” can see, choose the CORRECT answer.
15) (UFPR 2018) In the sentence “This centred on Descartes’s
daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever …”, the
underlined word refers to the:
The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly
fond of automata: they inspired his view that living things
were biological machines that function like clockwork.
Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after
the philosopher’s death in 1650. This centred on
Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at
“_________ is our school.”
the age of five.
a) These.
a) philosopher’s death.
b) This.
b) clockwork.
c) That.
c) French philosopher.
d) Those.
d) strange story.
Texto para a questão 19
e) automata.
At least 200 people have died in the Brazilian state of Rio de
16) (VUNESP 2013) No trecho do segundo parágrafo – those
Janeiro after another storm. This is arguably the worst
linking the Russian mafia with Columbian cocaine cartels
torrential rain for decades, causing flooding and landslides. Our
or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese
website readers in Rio de Janeiro have been sharing their
Yakuza. – a palavra those refere-se, no texto, a
experiences.
It is increasingly global. Although links between, for
Comment 1 - I’ve never seen such chaos. We weren’t prepared
example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed
for this, even though we were warned that a big storm was
for decades, new and rapid means of communication have
about to come. Newspapers are saying that the reason for the
facilitated the development of international networks. Some
catastrophe is the garbage. Well it may have been. We need to
build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network
teach recycling at schools and community groups, otherwise
trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal
we will have more disasters like this. (Lia, Niterói)
gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai
Comment 2 - Today I witnessed Rio de Janeiro on the brink of
and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely
collapse. I ventured out around midday, just as the electric
groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people
power blacked out in my neighbourhood. Three hours later,
between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or
looking out of my office window, the city still reminded me of
those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine
a war zone. “What´ve we done to deserve this?”, I thought. It’s
cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese
night time now and I haven’t been able to return home. I might
Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to
do so tomorrow. (José, Rio)
group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy
Comment 3 - Worldwide, we are seeing more and more climate
has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported
instability. The deserts of central Asia are growing, while areas
by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.
of the US (and now Rio) are drenched. The lakes in Minnesota
a) criminal gangs.
have never thawed this early, at any time in the recorded
b) international networks.
record. The icecaps will be history, and islands around the
c) mafia groups.
world are disappearing under the surf. The oceans are
d) trafficking arms.
warming, the coral reefs are dying. How much more evidence
e) cocaine cartels.
do we need of global warming? (João, Brasília)
17) (EDUCA 2018) O pronome demonstrativo "those" faz
19) (Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro) The pronoun “this” in the
referência aos:
excerpt “We weren’t prepared for this” refers back to:
The defenders of Normandy were not the best of Hitler's
a) 200 victims and reports
army. Those were in Russia and Italy, as well as in France,
b) preparation and catástrofe
but on the other side of the Seine, the Pas-de-Calais, which
c) light rain and experiences
the Germans thought the more likely invasion target.
d) flooding and landslides
(Extracted from Time– June 6, 1994)
20) (CETRO 2015) Choose the alternative that presents the
a) Soldados escalados para a defesa da Normandia.
plural form of the demonstrative pronoun “that" in the
b) Soldados soviéticos da Ásia Central.
sentence given above.
c) Soldados mais adestrados do exército de Hitler.
A malnourished person finds that their body has
d) Soldados das divisões estacionárias.
difficulty doing normal things such as growing and
e) Soldados russos, italianos e franceses.
resisting disease.
a) Those.
b) We.
c) Mine.
d) Than.
e) This.

270
21) (CETRO 2015) Choose the alternative that presents the
singular form of the demonstrative pronoun in the sentence
below.
“These situations are the result of high profile crises like
war or natural disasters [ ]".
a) Those.
b) This.
c) He.
d) My.
e) That.
22) (CEPERJ 2013) Demonstrative pronouns in English may
be used in different ways to refer to segments of a text or
ideas within a text. In the excerpt “This was part of why my
7-year-old daughter and I traveled to Rio in December.”,
(lines 8-9) the pronoun this refers to the fact that the writer
wanted to:
If you want to know why people come to Rio de
Janeiro, and came even during its years of bloody, decadent
decline, stand on the Arpoador Beach promenade at day’s
end. Before you lies an orchestral fi nale of a sunset:
iridescent water, pastel-streaked skies and hazy silhouettes
of cliffs to the west. At the moment when the neon-pink sun
slips below the horizon, everyone stops, stands and claps: a
nightly salute to city, beach and sky
This was part of why my 7-year-old daughter and I
traveled to Rio in December. Rio may be the most
voluptuous city in the world, with soft beaches, dramatic
mountains, waterfalls, a rain forest, lagoon and orchids —
planted by residents — peeking out of lush old trees lining
the streets; papayas and jackfruit drop from branches all
over town, symbols of the city’s overabundant Sweetness.
The place does make Miami look like Cleveland.
a) see the most sensual city in the world
b) pay a visit to a place that outshines Miami
c) set eyes on contrasting sea, sky and landscape
d) experience urban beauty worthy of applause
e) determine the reason why tourists had never ceased to
visit Rio
23) (CEPERJ 2013) Observe the fragment:
After selecting a learning management system (LMS),
the next logical step for an association is to begin creating
your course catalog. However, for many associations,
creating online learning courses is uncharted territory,
especially if this is a brand new course. To be successful, a
course should help the learner acquire the skills and
knowledge they truly need. This text will offer some tips
for creating more engaging and more effective e-Learning
by following the simple “Current Situation – Ideal
Situation” model.
What is the Skills Gap?
Nothing kills engagement quicker than a course that is
not focused on what the learner really needs to know.
Setting clear pre-requisites can help you start out with a
better understanding of what the learner already knows.
Another way to fi ne-tune your learning is to perform what
is called a Skills Gap Analysis. By starting with some
assumptions about the learner’s pre-requisite knowledge, a
Skills Gap Analysis will help you determine what your
learners need to know so that you can zero-in on the desired
outcomes for the course.
In order to carry out a Skills Gap Analysis, first decide
what your typical learner already knows. This is your
271
“Current Situation”. Then, identify what the learner needs
to know to achieve the “Ideal Situation”. The space
between those two points is the “gap” you are going to
create to fi ll your course content. The gap should help you
pinpoint a set of clear and measurable learning objectives.
The demonstrative this in the sentence refers to:
a) typical learner
b) situation change
c) analysis application
d) learner knowledge
e) instructional assessment
24) (CETRO 2013) Read the sentence below
“Botox's sales grew 1,407% and by 2007, total Botox sales
exceeded $500 million. More than 70% of that was for
unapproved uses.”
It is correct to affirm that the underlined word refers to
a) Botox.
b) million.
c) total.
d) sales.
e) uses.
25) (CESGRANRIO 2013) In the fragment “as those
experienced by their bigger counterparts” (line 6) the
pronoun those refers to
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If
increasing interaction among different peer groups within a
single company could lead to promising results, imagine the
possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie
workers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer
access as those experienced by their bigger counterparts. It
is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its
members.
a) results (line 3)
b) possibilities (line 4)
c) solopreneurs (line 5)
d) levels (line 5)
e) counterparts (line 6)
Texto para a questão 26
Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular
disease
By John Phillip
Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft
drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an
alarming rate. Many people use low-calorie diet soda in a futile
effort to lose weight. Yet they find that these drinks have the
opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.
The high acid content in most carbonated beverages
removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and
tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over years of
consumption.
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and
Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to examine
soda’s effect on stroke risk and vascular diseases.
Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage
consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure,
high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but current
research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with
increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of
essential minerals.
Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains
the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re
beginning to understand is that regular intake of these
beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can
potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke.
Researchers analyzed soda consumption among 43,371 men
and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years.
During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women
while 1,416 strokes were documented in men.”
Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to
instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy
about consuming any type of carbonated beverage. Moreover,
the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a
10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened
beverages.
Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older
adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of
heart attacks or strokes compared to those that never drank diet
soda”.
The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage
consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or
coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and vascular
diseases.
Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012
Available at: . Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
26) (CESGRANRIO 2012) In Text II, the word those (line 37)
refers to
a) stroke
b) drinks
c) adults
d) researchers
e) heart attacks
27) (CESGRANRIO 2012) The pronoun “those" in the
sentence “Our hopes are that you won't find too many of
those around here." (lines 32-33) refers to
At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of
recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that,
you must first understand what constitutes a hazard.
Extreme hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you
won’t find too many of those around here.
There are, however, more subtle hazards that won’t
jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety training
and meetings like these, some things may come to mind.
For example, a machine may not be easy to lock out.
Common practice may be to use a tag. This is a potential
hazard and should be discussed. Maybe something can be
changed to make it easier to use a lock. Other subtle
hazards include such things as frayed electrical cords, a
loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or maybe something
that just doesn’t look right.
a) safety responsibilities (line 28)
b) safety and health hazards (line 29)
c) extreme hazards (line 31)
d) our hopes (line 32)
e) more subtle hazards (line 34)
28) (FGV 2008) The missing word in “those with a job” (line
6) is
EVER since it was first spotted amid the factory smoke
of western Europe’s industrialising nations, the middle
class has borne the hopes for progress of politicians,
economists and shopkeepers alike. It remains hard to
define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. But in
Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the
formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or
272
motorbike. According to the Fundação Getulio Vargas
(FGV), a research institute, this means households with a
monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561
reais. Since 2002, according to FGV, the proportion of the
population that fits this description has increased from 44%
to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious for its extremes, is
now a middle-class country.
a) shopkeepers.
b) persons.
c) economists.
d) politicians.
e) owners.
29) (NC – UFPR 2009) In the sentence “This has increased the
heating effect of the ‘blanket’” (paragraph 3), the
underlined word refers to the:
CO2 and various other gases wrap the Earth in an invisible
‘blanket’, helping to prevent heat from escaping. Without
this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on Earth
would be around -18 ºC, compared with the current average
of around +15 ºC. This blanket of gases has remained at a
constant concentration for many thousands of years. Since
the Industrial Revolution began around 200 years ago,
people have been burning more fossil fuels. This has
increased the heating effect of the ‘blanket’, trapping more
of the sun’s energy inside our atmosphere. In turn the
Earth’s temperature has increased more rapidly in a shorter
period of time than it has for thousands of years.
a) increase of the temperature.
b) sun’s energy.
c) Earth’s climate.
d) greenhouse effect.
e) increase in burning fossil fuels.
30) (FCC 2009) In the text, these refers to
On the other hand, Brazil's new activism often, though
not always, coincides with the interests of the United States.
Both countries want democracy and stability in places in
the Americas where these seem fragile. In some of those
places, Lula's Brazil has more friends and influence than
George Bush's more abrasive United States. The two
sometimes back rivals in these countries, but that is one
source of Brazil's usefulness.
a) places.
b) democracy and stability.
c) both countries.
d) friends and influence.
e) the Americas.
31) (AMEOSC 2018) Analyze the fragment below.
Though the bright scene before us betrayed ____ words, I
was nevertheless certain of ___ place on the calendar.
Identify the option that completes the context given.
a) […] those – our.
b) […] this – my.
c) […] that – my.
d) […] that – our.
32) (UNITAU) Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à
sequência de pronomes que mais adequadamente
completam a sentença a seguir:
__________ cat is sick because __________ ate
__________ spoiled food over there.
a) Its; he; that
b) Its; he; this
c) His; its; this
d) Its; it; that Gabarito
e) His; it; that 1) B
2) A
3) B
4) E
5) B
6) C
7) D
8) B
9) E
10) E
11) C
12) B
13) E
14) C
15) D
16) B
17) C
18) B
19) D
20) A
21) B
22) D
23) D
24) D
25) D
26) C
27) C
28) B
29) E
30) B
31) A
32) E

273
 Indefinite Pronouns
Texto para as questões 1
CYBERBULLYING ON THE RISE
Bullying among children and teenagers is not something
new but it is getting more and more common by modern
methods of communication.
Cyberbullying happens when an adolescent is put in danger
by another child or teenager by photos or text messages sent to
cell phones or posted on social networks. Sometimes
cyberbullies send mails with sexual comments or take
passwords of other teenagers and log on to websites with false
identities. Children also play Internet games and make fun of
each other in many ways.
A study by a Canadian University shows that half of the
young people interviewed said that they suffer bullying. One of
the reasons is the great use of cell phones over the past years.
Today’s children are connected with each other electronically.
They call friends every time they want or communicate with
them on Facebook.
Cyberbullying is getting extremely popular because teens
can stay anonymous. Many adolescents act this way because
they feel frustrated or angry and want to punish somebody for
something that happened to them. At other times they do it just
for fun or because have nothing else to do. Parents usually
don’t know their child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just
when the victim or the victim’s parents contact them.
This kind of bullying is not as inoffensive as many people
think. In some cases it can lead to suicide. Many countries have
organized campaigns to inform adults and children of its
dangers.
There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying. First, it is
important to show children that they have to respect others and
they are responsible for what they do. For victims it is
important not to play the bully’s game or answer their emails
and text messages. It is also important to get help from parents
and teachers.
Often schools get involved. They bring together the parents
of victims and cyberbullies and talk with them. Cyberbullying
does not always end at school. Often, parents go to the police
and accuse the bullies.
(Adapted from http://www.english-online.at/society/
cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm)
1) (EPCAR 2015) “At other times they do it just for fun or
because have nothing else to do.” (lines 23-24). Mark the
option that substitutes the underlined sentence correctly.
a) have anything else to do.
b) have something else to do.
c) don’t have anything else to do.
d) don’t have something else to do.
2) (EPCAR 2016) The word “others” (line 4) refers to
What are some of the most common ways people
discriminate against each other? Some of the areas where
people show their intolerance are well-known, such as race.
But others are less acknowledged, even if more common
a) people.
b) each other.
c) some of the most common ways.
d) areas where people show their intolerance.
274
Texto para as questões 3 e 4
The search for life beyond Earth
We have always been fascinated by the thought of alien life
elsewhere in the universe. The idea has provided the basis for a
huge wealth of science fiction stories that have been limited
only by our imaginations. But can other creatures exist in the
vast reaches of space or on other planets or moons? And are
there other intelligent forms of life out there—or are we more
likely to find something much simpler?
Where are all the aliens?
Our Sun is just one star among billions in our galaxy. In the
last few years, scientists have detected thousands of planets
around other stars and it seems that most stars have planetary
systems. It’s therefore likely that there will be large numbers of
habitable planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these intelligent
civilisations, if they’re out there, may have even developed
interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there—or are
we more likely to find something much simpler?
But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent aliens
(yet?). This apparent high probability of life, combined with a
lack of evidence for its existence, is called the Fermi Paradox,
named for the physicist Enrico Fermi who first outlined1 the
argument back in 1950. This begs the question: where is
everybody?
Back in 1961, astronomer Francis Drake tried to rationalise
this question by developing an equation that takes into account2
all the factors relevant to finding alien civilisations and gives
an estimate of the number of civilisations out there in the
galaxy that should be able to communicate with us. It considers
factors such as the rate3 of new star formation, how many
planets around those new and existing stars might be able to
support life, the number of planets supporting intelligent life,
how many of those civilisations might have technology we can
detect, whether they’re likely to communicate with us here on
Earth, and so on.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Scientists and radio astronomers have started the search for
extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a systematic manner.
Several international organisations, including the SETI
Institute and the SETI League, are using radio telescopes to
detect signals that might have been produced by intelligent life.
In 1995, the SETI Institute started Project Phoenix, which
used three of the most powerful radio telescopes in the world:
the Green Bank radio telescope in West Virginia, USA; the
Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico; and the Parkes radio
telescope in NSW, Australia. During its initial phase, Project
Phoenix used the Parkes telescope to search for signals coming
from 202 Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away. By
the end of its operations, Project Phoenix had scanned a total of
800 ‘nearby’4 (up to 240 light years away) stars for signs of
life. The project detected some cosmic noises, but none of that
could be attributed to aliens.
These days, anyone can become involved in the search for
extraterrestrial intelligence through their personal computer.
While there’s currently excitement about sending human
crews to Mars, missions beyond the Red Planet are at this stage
pretty much not feasible5 the distances and travel times
involved are simply too great. Basically, all exploration for life
beyond Earth will need to be done using robotic space probes6
and landing rovers. These instruments can provide a huge
wealth of information and are capable of exploring as far away if you are not learning or earning at your current job, you
as Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar system. But as for life should start thinking about finding a better one.
beyond the solar system, the nearest stars are several light a) job.
years away, and even communications by electromagnetic b) advice.
waves (which all travel at the speed of light) are essentially c) earning.
going to be a one-way message. d) learning.
While we probably won’t find intelligent life too close to 9) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) the word “one” in bold type refers to
home, there’s a chance we may still find much simpler life ________.
forms. Do we have neighbours beyond Earth? Time will tell— The first man drew a small circle in the sand and told
and the search continues. the second man, “This is what you know”, and drawing a
(Adapted from https://www.science.org.au/curious/space- circle around the small one, “This is what I know”. The
time/search-life-beyond-earth – Access on 16/02/19) second man took the stick and drew an immense ring
Glossary: around both circles: “This is where both of us know
1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about something nothing”.
2. to take into account – consider something a) First man
3. rate – expansion b) Second man
4. nearby – short distance away c) circle
5. feasible – appropriate; suitable d) sand
6. space probe – spy satellite 10) (AFA 2015) Mark the option that shows the same meaning
3) (EPCAR 2019) Mark the alternative that is grammatically as in “Americans have no close confidants” (line 52).
INCORRECT. a) Americans do have not any close confidants.
Where are all the aliens? (line 8) b) Americans not have any close confidants.
a) Nobody saw them. c) Americans haven't any close confidants.
b) There are some beyond Earth. d) Americans do not have any close confidants.
c) There aren't any in the universe. 11) (EEAr 2011) “Nobody”, (line 6), can be replaced by
d) There aren't none in our galaxy. I’m Peter and I live in Germany. In summer I like to travel
4) (EPCAR 2019) The word none (line 51) refers to to Italy, because of the weather and the people there. Last
a) noises. summer I took a plane from Munich to Rome. From the
b) project. airport we went to our hotel by bus. We stopped at a small
c) aliens. restaurant for a quick meal. The driver parked the bus
d) no one. behind the restaurant. Nobody could find the bus and the
Texto para as questões 5 e 6 driver, so we waited outside the restaurant for an hour. The
The idea of evolution (which is gradual change) was not a new driver was walking through the small park near the
one. The Greeks had thought of it, so Erasmus Darwin, the restaurant that we did not know. So we were very angry
grandfather of Charles, and also the Frenchman, Lamarck. It is with him. But my holidays were great.
one thing to have an idea; we can all of us guess and a) no one.
sometimes make a lucky guess. b) anybody.
5) (EEAr 2. 2019) The pronoun one, in bold in the text, refers c) everyone.
to: d) any person
a) Greeks 12) (IESES 2021) Complete the sentences with ANY or NO.
b) Lamarck We have _____ money to buy a new car. We don’t have
c) Erasmus Darwin ____ money to go to the movies. There is ____ milk in the
d) Idea of Evolution refrigerator.
6) (EEAr 2. 2019) The pronoun one, in the text, is classified Choose the correct alternative:
as: a) no - any – no
a) object pronoun b) no - any – any
b) relative pronoun c) any - any – any
c) indefinite pronoun d) any - no – no
d) possessive pronoun 13) (IPEFAE 2019) Look at the paragraph and choose the
7) (EEAr 1. 2021) Choose the correct alternative to complete correct words.
the sentence My name is Sarah and I don’t like ________________ in
“There’s _________ I can do. Please, take an aspirin!” my class, but _______________once told me that I should
a) no give people a change by being nice and open hearted. I
b) nothing think __________________ deserves a chance.
c) nobody a) anyone / everyone / someone
d) somebody b) no one / anyone / nobody.
8) (EEAr 2. 2022) The word one, in bold in the text, refers to c) anyone / someone / everyone.
Best job advice d) no one / someone / anyone.
The best job advice I ever got was the following: at
every job, you either learn or earn. It’s fine When only one
of options occur. It’s perfect when both of them occur. But

275
14) (PS Concursos 2021) Complete with the CORRECT word
for the phrase below:
There wasn`t _______ at home
a) Somebody
b) Nobody
c) Anyone
d) No one
e) Someone
15) (GUALIMP 2019) Complete the sentence below with the
correct pronoun. Choose the CORRECT answer.
“My friend: Who was at the party? Me: When I arrived
there, I saw _________ we knew. All of our friends arrived
after me.”
a) Anybody.
b) No one
c) Somebody.
d) Anyone.
16) (IBADE 2018) According to the fourth paragraph, Kate
wanted to get a job. “Something - anything - that would pay
money”.
Read the sentences below and choose the correct sentence,
as far as the use of the words SOMETHING, ANYTHING
and NOTHING is concerned.
a) There is anything in John's suitcase.
b) Mary said that she doesn't know nothing.
c) John said that he didn't hear anything.
d) There isn't nothing in Mary's bag.
e) There isn't something on Kate‘s desk.
17) (Colégio Pedro II 2013) The use of one in “[…] the
meaning of texts and symbols is situated in what one does
[…]” (L. 47, 48) is related to
A note on learning in the new capitalist world
One important theme in the world in which Millennials
are growing up is, I believe, this: thanks to modern
technology, young people today are often exposed outside
of school to processes of learning that are deeper and richer
than the forms of learning to which they are exposed in
schools. I do not have space here to develop this theme very
fully. Let me give but one example of what I mean.
In recent work (Gee 2003), I have been investigating the
principles of learning that are built into video and computer
games. Video and computer games are today a major
cultural practice of young people—the video and computer
games industry now outsells the movie industry (Poole
2000). Video and computer games are prototypical high-
tech products of the new capitalism, and the businesses that
make them, in a highly competitive market, cannot have
lots of people fail when they try to learn to play them (just
as the makers of Blue's Clues have to get their research
about what children want and can do right or go out of
business).
Taking modern first- and third-person shooter games as
an example (e.g. Half-Life, Metal Gear Solid, Deus Ex,
System Shock 2), here are just a few (there are many more)
of the learning principles that the player is (however tacitly)
exposed to in learning to play these games. Learning is
based on situated practice; there are lowered consequences
for failure and taking risks (you've saved the game and can
start over); learning is a form of extended engagement of
self as an extension of an identity to which the player is
committed; the learner can customize the game to suit his
or her style of learning; the learning domain (e.g. a training
276
module connected to the game) is a simplified subdomain
of the real game; problems are ordered so that the first ones
to be solved in the game lead to fruitful generalizations
about how to solve more complex problems later; explicit
information/ instruction is given "on demand" and "just in
time" in the game world; learning is interactive (probing,
assessing, and re-probing the world); there are multiple
routes to solving a problem; there are intrinsic rewards
(within the game) keyed to any player's level of expertise;
the game operates at the outer edge of one's "regime of
competence" (always doable with the resources you have at
that point, never too easy); "basic skills" are not separated
from higher-order skills— both are picked up bottom-up by
playing the game or several different games of a given type
or genre; the meaning of texts and symbols is situated in
what one does, and is thus never purely verbal or textual;
meaning/knowledge is built up through various modalities
(images, texts, symbols, interactions, abstract design,
sound, etc); meaning/knowledge is distributed between the
player's mind, the objects and environments in the game
world, and other players (who help); knowledge is
dispersed as players go online to get help and discuss
strategy; players use affinity spaces dedicated to a
particular game or type of game for learning; the game
constitutes a complex designed system and the player
orients his or her learning to issues of design and the
understanding of complex systems.
a) ordering.
b) counting.
c) defining.
d) generalizing.
18) (IFB 2017) Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun group
for referring to a person, group, or thing that has already
been mentioned or that is obvious from the context. The
only option that does NOT present a pronoun is
a) who
b) anybody
c) Only
d) Itself
e) mine
19) (SCGás 2014) Choose the best dialogue completion:
I don’t remember ____________ about the accident.
a) Nothing
b) Anything
c) Something
d) Everything
20) (IADES 2014) According to the text, the words their (line
5), their (line 14), which (line 19), who (line 21), and ones
(line 26) refer, respectively, to
 c) active role.
d) farm trade.
e) G20 group.
22) É função dos pronomes indefinidos:
a) expressar certeza e exatidão.
b) expressar indefinição e vagueza.
c) expressar definição e precisão.
d) expressar correção e confidência.
23) (UEL) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a
lacuna da frase a seguir:
- "Why didn't you buy that sweater? It was such a good
offer!"
- "Because I didn't have __________ money on me."
a) a
b) no
c) any
d) some
e) none
24) (UEL) Assinale a alternativa correta:
Despite this violent activity, poltergeists in fact never hurt
__________.
a) national nominating conventions, tax returns, public a) something
funds, the Revenue Act and presidents. b) nothing
b) national political parties, taxpayers, the dollar checkoff, c) none
Presidential nominees and candidates. d) nobody
c) Taxpayers, taxpayers, The Revenue Act, Presidential e) anybody
nominees and the 1974 Amendments. 25) (FATEC) Escolha a alternativa que mantém o mesmo
d) national political parties, dollars, the party, public significado de NO ONE em "no one passes or fails a
money and candidates. TOEFL":
e) national nominating conventions, public funds, a) Anybody
taxpayers, Revenue Act and Presidential candidates. b) Everybody
21) (FCC 2009) In the text, the pronoun one refers to c) Nobody
It is a small force, but of huge symbolic significance. d) Somebody
This month, 1,200 Brazilian troops arrived in Haiti, the e) Someone
country's biggest foreign military deployment since the 26) (ITA) Hardly __________ took Louis Frank seriously
Second World War. Brazil is commanding a United Nations when he first proposed, more than 10 years ago, that Earth
peacekeeping force of 6,700 mainly Latin American troops was being bombarded by cosmic snowballs at the rate of as
and 1,600 police which is taking over from American and many as 30 a minute.
French forces in the Caribbean island. This marks a new A lacuna deve ser preenchida por:
departure. Brazil has long been a gentle and introverted a) somebody.
giant, content to be a bystander on the world stage, now that b) anybody.
is changing. c) someone.
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the country's left-leaning d) everybody.
president, is carving out a role for Brazil as spokesman for e) nobody.
poor countries, most notably by founding the G20 group 27) (MACKENZIE)
which lobbies for rich countries to open up farm trade. His I'm a person __________ technical knowledge of computer
government is playing a more active role across South will impress __________.
America. And it is seeking a permanent seat on the UN a) who – everyone
Security Council. "Brazil has begun to flex its muscles as a b) which – someone
regional superpower," says Miguel Díaz of the Centre for c) for whom – nobody
Strategic and International Studies, a Washington-based d) whom – everybody
think-tank. e) whose – anyone
If so, it is a paradoxical one. On the one hand, Brazil's 28) (UFSM) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a
fondest wish is to mitigate the United States' dominance of lacuna da frase apresentada:
global affairs and thereby to enhance Brazil's influence. The There are many evidences that __________ can live alone.
foreign minister, Celso Amorim, calls for "a more balanced Those __________ marriage ends generally suffer from
world" and justifies the Haiti mission in part as a step depression.
towards it. "You can't be a supporter of multilateralism and a) any – who
when it comes to act say it's [too] dangerous," says Mr b) nobody – whose
Amorim. c) no – whose
a) UN Security Council. d) nobody – who
b) the country's left-leaning president. e) any – which

277
29) (FATEC) He left without ________ money. Gabarito
a) some 1) C
b) no 2) D
c) no one 3) D
d) any 4) A
e) none 5) D
30) (ITA) _________ cures a headache faster than an aspirin. 6) B
a) Nothing 7) B
b) None 8) A
c) Nobody 9) C
d) Somebody 10) D
e) Anybody 11) A
31) (MACKENZIE) _________ of you can speak English 12) A
well. 13) C
a) None 14) C
b) No one 15) B
c) Nobody 16) C
d) Anybody 17) D
e) Someone 18) C
19) B
20) B
21) C
22) B
23) C
24) E
25) C
26) B
27) E
28) B
29) D
30) A
31) A

278
 Verbos e Tempos Verbais – Verbs and
Verb Tenses
Texto para as questões 1 e 2
Helpinq at a hospital
Mike Coleman is 19 and______________in Omaha,
Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to become a teacher
but now he ______________ in Namibia. He's working in a
hospital near Katima Mulilo. He says, " I'm working with the
doctors and nurses here to help sick peopie. I'm not a doctor
but I can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry
peopie who can't walk. Sometimes I go to villages in the
mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so they
need help from peopie like me. I don't get any money, but that's
OK, l'm not here for the money.”
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the fragment from the text.
“When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in
and around Namibia for three weeks.” (lines 19, 20 and 21)
Because it is a plan, it is possible to rewrite the sentence
substituting the underlined part for:
a) am traveling.
b) like traveling.
c) am going to travel.
d) can travel.
e) traveled.
2) (Colégio Naval 2017) Which verb forms respectively
complete the gaps in text I?
a) is living / leaves
b) lives / is living
c) is living / lives
d) leaves / is living
e) leaves / is leaving
3) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the text II in orderto answer
item.
My name is Patrick. I ___________ on vacation to Brazii
last Summer, and I ___________ in a five-star hotel in front
of the beach in Rio de Janeiro.
I went to Rio by plane and I___________ a month there, I
___________ a lot of people and we____________a great
time! I want to go back to Brazii as soon as possible.
Choose the option which completes the gaps in text I
respectively.
a) traveled / stayed / spend / knew / had
b) traveled / were / spent / knew / did
c) went / stayed / spent / met / had
d) Went / were / spend / met / did
e) were / went / stayed / knew / have
4) (Colégio Naval 2017) Mark the option in which all the
verbs are written in the Simple Past.
a) put - drank - ate - heard – taken
b) knew - brought - wanted - made – was
c) wrote - come - felt - had – flew
d) told - were - begun - gave – read
e) left - spent - slept - swum - traveled
5) (Colégio Naval 2017) Complete the sentences with the
correct use of the Simple Past and the Past Continuous.
- I was waiting for the bus when I___________ (see) her.
- The children ___________ (argue) when the teacher
arrived.
- Everyone___________ (listen) to music when the lights
___________. (go) out.
To fill in the gaps respectively, mark the right option.
279
a) saw / was arguing / were listening / went
b) was seeing / was arguing / listened / were
c) were weeing / argued / listenned / were
d) saw / were arguing / was listening / went
e) was seing / argued / listened / were going
6) (Colégio Naval 2018) Which verb forms respectively
complete the gaps in text I?
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing
great harm to society around the world. The executive is a
man called Chamath Palihapitiya. He ___________
Facebook in 2007 a n d ___________a vice president. He
was responsible for increasing the number of users
Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels very guilty
about getting more people to use social networks. He said
the networks are destroying society because they are
changing people's behavior. Twenty years ago, people
talked to each other face to face. Today, people message
each other and do not talk. People also really care about
what other people think of them. They post photos and wait
to see how many people like the photo. They get very sad if
people do not like the photo.
a) joined/become
b) joined/became
c) joins/becomes
d) joint/became
e) was joined/ become
7) (Colégio Naval 2018) Mark the option in which there is
NO Present Continuous Tense.
a) A former Facebook executive has said social media is
doing great harm to society around the world.
b) He was responsible for increasing the number of users
Facebookliad.
c) He said the networks are destroying society because
they are changing people's behavior.
d) Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting
how we see the world.
e) It is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies.
8) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read the sentence below.
That is an inteliigent car that works with a Computer.
What’s the plural form of the sentence?
a) These are intelligents cars that work with computers.
b) Those are intelligent cars that work with computers.
c) Those are intelligents cars that works with computers.
d) These are intelligent cars that works with computers.
e) Those are intelligent cars that works with computers.
9) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read the dialogue below.
A: Hi, Anna!
B: Good morning, Sue!
A: Tell me, dear,___________ you go to Theo's bday party
last night?
B: oh, yes, I___________ . It was great! I ___________ so
much fun! But I ___________ you there! ___________ you
there, sweetie?
A: No, I ___________ . I ___________ at home. What time
did you get home?
B: It___________ about 11 p.m. when I got there!
A: AII right then! See you around!
B: See ya!
Mark the option that completes the dialogue correctly.
a) were / was / did / don't see / Was / not / went / was
b) did / did / had / didn’t see / Were / wasrTt / stayed / was
c) will / will / am having / am not see / Do / don’t / am / is
 d) were / were / did / saw / Were / weren‘t / were / is
e) did / did / was having / wasn't / Did / didn’t / stayed /
got
10) (Colégio Naval 2019) Complete the sentences using the
correct verb tense for the verbs in brackets.
Hanna ______________ (drive) down the road when she
______________ (see)the perfect wedding dress on a shop
window.
Mark usually ______________, (leave) for work early, but
today he's a little late because he ______________ (have)
problems with his car.
Jane ______________ (be)fifteen years old, so she
_____________ (have) a driving license.
Mark the sentence that shows the correct use of verb tenses.
a) drove / saw / is leaving / has / has / has
b) is driving / sees / left / has / is / hasn’t
c) was driving / was seeing / ieave / is having / is / have
d) drives / sees / ieaves / was having / has / don’t have
e) was driving / saw / Ieaves / is having / is / doesn’t have
11) (Colégio Naval 2019) Mark the right option to fill in the
blanks in the cartoon, respectively.
a) amazes – spend
b) amazed – spend
c) amazed – spends
d) amazes – spends
e) amazed - spent
12) (Colégio Naval 2020) Mark the option that best completes
the gap in the text with the right form of the verb in
brackets.
The South Korean movie "Parasite _________ (WIN) the
Oscar for best picture on Sunday, which means that it was
the first non-English language movie to win the top prize.
a) wins
b) has won
c) was winning
d) is winning
e) won
13) (Colégio Naval 2020) Mark the sentence from the text that
contains the use of Present Continuous.
a) "Three people have died."
b) "The reporting chain worked without delay."
c) "He said the quarantine restrictions could last for
weeks."
d) "Officials reported a third death on Sunday, an elderly
woman from the town of Crema suffering from cancer."
e) "Italian officials say they are still trying to trace the
source of the outbreak."
14) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the sentence below.
He feels like eating a lot of ice cream on Friday.
Change the sentence to Simple Past tense and negative
form. Then, mark the correct option.
a) He didn't fell like eating a lot of ice cream last Friday.
b) He didn't felt like eating a Jot of ice cream last Friday.
c) He didn't feel like eating a lot of ice cream last Friday.
d) He didn't like eating a lot of ice cream last Friday.
e) He didn't fall like eating a lot of ice cream last Friday.
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15) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the dialogue below.
John: "I am about to fall asleep. I need to stay awake!"
Katie: I"______ you some coffee."
Complete the dialogue with the right option.
a) 'll go
b) 'm going get
c) 'lI get
d) 'm go get to
e) 'lI to go to get
Texto para a questão 16
Generation Z News - Latest Characteristics, Research, and
Facts
Generation Z (aka Gen Z, iGen, or centennials), refers to the
generation that was bom between 1996 – 2010, following
millennials. This generation has been raised on the internet and
social media, with some the oldest finishing college by 2020
and entering the workforce. Generation Z is the youngest, most
ethnically-diverse, and largest generation in American history,
comprising 27% of the US population. Pew Research recently
defined Gen Z as anyone borra after 1997. Gen Z 1_______ up
with technology, the internet, and social media, which
sometimes causes them to be stereotyped as tech-addicted, anti-
social, or "social justice warriors."
The average Gen Z got their first smart phone just before their
twelfth birthday. They communicate primarily through social
media and texts, and spend as much time on their phones as
older generations do watching television.
The majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to traditional
cable, as well as getting snackable content they can get on their
phones and computers.
Gen Z is the most ethnically diverse and largest generation in
American history, and eclipses all other generations before it in
embracing diversity and inclusion.
Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/generation-z
16) (Colégio Naval 2021) Complete gap 1 in the text with the
right verb form and mark the correct option.
a) Grew
b) Grows
c) Grow
d) Grown
e) Has grew
17) (Colégio Naval 2022) Read the sentence below.
"A riot occurred in my neighborhood yesterday."
Mark the option which rewrites the sentence using there to
be.
a) There is a riot in my neighborhood.
b) There was a riot in my neighborhood.
c) There has been a riot in my neighborhood.
d) There will be a riot in my neighborhood.
e) There were a riot in my neighborhood.
18) (Colégio Naval 2022)
Suzy: Have you ever _________ to New York?
Jane: No, I _________ been there. Why?
Suzy: I'm planning a trip and I'd like some tips about what
kind of clothes to take.
Jane: Oh really? My friend Josh _________ there for a
year. I think he can _________ you.
Suzy: That's amazing.
Choose the best option to complete the dialogue.
a) been / have never / has lived / help
b) been / never have / have lived / help
c) be / have never / has lived / helping
 d) be/ haven't never / have lived / helps
e) been / haven't never / has lived / helps
19) (Colégio Naval 2022) Mark the option that best complete
the blanks.
The Marines _______ more of the ships they've got and
more ships yet to be designed, all in an effort to _______ in
the maritime fight. Top Marine leaders, Commandant Gen.
David Berger and Gen. David Odom, recently pushed the
ship needs of the Corps. The America-class ship has been in
service since 2014 and _______ Marines a vertical lift
platform at range in various areas.
Adapted from: https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-
marine- corps/2022/02/14/new-warship-no-tradeoff-but-
wanted-for-future-marine- fight
a) wants / stay / has given
b) want / stays / gives
c) wants / stayed / give
d) want / stay/ gives
e) wanted / stays / give
20) (EPCAR 2013) “Native speakers are at a disadvantage in
international communication”. The negative form of this
sentence is “Native speakers ....... at a disadvantage in
international communication”.
a) not are
b) isn’t
c) do not are
d) aren’t
21) (EPCAR 2013) Consider the underlined verbs (1 to 4) in
the text. Mark the alternative in which they are changed
into the Simple Past Tense. They are, respectively,
Many native English speakers feel little necessity to learn
foreign languages, so they often don’t understand the
difficulties and problems learners have. They also don’t see
(1) the need to modify their language for a foreign
audience, so they use (2) idioms, synonyms, colloquialisms,
phrasal verbs, etc, and don't think (3) of the impact this
has (4) on a foreign businessperson.
a) did not see / use / did not thought / had.
b) not saw / did use / not thought / did had.
c) did not saw / used / did think / have.
d) didn’t see / used / didn’t think / had.
Texto para a questão 22
LEARN ENGLISH ONLINE: HOW THE INTERNET IS
CHANGING LANGUAGE
Online, English is now a common language for users from
around the world. In the process, the language itself is
changing. Noah Webster thought that a common language
brings people together and helps create a new identity.
Webster’s dictionary, now is in its 11th edition, adopted the
Americanized orthography familiar today “-er” in place of “-
re” in theatre, not using the “u” from colour, losing one “I” in
traveller, and listed new words for example, skunk and squash.
The Internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at
a much faster velocity. Some linguists anticipate that in 10
years English will dominate the Internet, but in very different
forms. That’s because people who speak English as a second
language are more in number than native speakers. And they
use it to communicate with other non-native speakers,
particularly on the Internet where people don't pay so much
attention to grammar and orthography and users don’t have to
preoccupy about their way of speaking.
281
Users of Facebook. for example _________ in a number of
different “Englishes" including Indian English, or Hinglish,
Spanglish (Spanish English) and Konglish (Korean English).
For a long time, these variations existed in individual cultures,
but now they are expanding and becoming popular online. “On
the Internet ali that is important is that people can communicate
- nobody has a right to tell them what the language has to be,”
says Baron.
The intensification of the use of the Internet in everyday
life means that language online is not a zero result game. On
the contrary, it permits multiple languages to show up and they
are mixing into English that is becoming the world's lingua
franca.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.cokh/news/maaazine-20332763
Acessado em 25/03/2013
Glossary:
To lose: perder, retirar
Lingua franca: idioma usado globalmente para a comunicação
22) (EPCAR 2013) Choose the option that completes the blank
in the text.
a) is using
b) are socializing
c) uses
d) socializes
23) (EPCAR 2014) In the underlined sentences (lines 1, 2 and
3), there are ____ verbs used in the past tense.
“When I studied Interior Design, I took several drawing
classes. I was terrified when the instructor used my
drawings as an example in front of the class.”
a) six
b) five
c) four
d) three
24) (EPCAR 2016) Choose the option which contains the
correct negative for “atheists are prone to discrimination”.
Atheists ________prone to discrimination.
a) don’t
b) didn’t
c) aren’t
d) can’t
25) (EPCAR 2017) “The advent of the internet hasn't [...]
cooked up new conspiracy theories” (lines 2 and 3).
Mark the correct option to make the sentence above
interrogative.
a) Doesn’t the advent of the internet cook up new
conspiracy theories?
b) Hasn’t the advent of the internet cooked up new
conspiracy theories?
c) Didn’t the advent of the internet cook up new
conspiracy theories?
d) Haven’t the advent of the internet cook up new
conspiracy theories?
26) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the alternative in which the verb “to
continue” is applied in the sentence correctly.
a) Slavery continues to exist today, affecting continents
and countries.
b) Today, new forms of slavery continues being tragic.
c) Poverty continue afflicting vast number of people.
d) New forms of slavery is continuing to come from
poverty.
27) (EPCAR 2020) Mark the option in which the verb of the
sentence “their digital footprint didn’t impress the
recruiters” (lines 42 and 43) is correctly changed into the
affirmative form.
a) Has impressed.
b) Impresses.
c) Impress.
d) Impressed.
28) (EPCAR 2021) The verb tense underlined in the passage
the most recent gaming phenomenon has taken the world by
storm (l. 2 - 4) is
a) present perfect continuous.
b) present continuous.
c) present perfect.
d) past perfect.
29) (EAM 2018) Read the dialogue and mark the right option
to fill in the gaps respectively.
A: Good morning, Pedro!
B: Hi, Anne! How are you?
A: I'm great. And you?
B: I'm OK.
A:__________you at Tom's party last night?
B: Yes, I _________.
A: Who_________ you go with?
B: I __________ with my friends from work. And you?
Were you there?
A: No, I __________. I __________home.
a) Did/ did/ went/ was/ weren't/ was
b) Were /was /were /go /didn't /went
c) Was/was/ did/ was/ weren't/ was
d) Were/ was/ did/ went/ wasn't/ stayed
e) Did/ did/ did/ went/ didn't/ went
30) (EAM 2018) Read the text below.
In the cartoon, the future tense is used to express
a) a plan.
b) an order.
c) a possibility.
d) a prediction.
e) an offer.
31) (EAM 2018) Use the verbs in parentheses to complete the
following statements.
I- I usually ___________ (listen) to music in the evenings,
but at the moment I ___________(watch) my favorite
program on TV.
II- Janeth ___________ (love) films. Sometimes, she
___________ (prefer) to go to the theater with her friends.
III- Mr. Steven ___________ (live) in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. During the week, his parents ___________ (work)
as lawyers for a big company downtown.
Now mark the option which completes them respectively.
a) am listening/ am watching/ is loving/ prefers/ lives/
working
b) am listening/ watch/ loves/ is prefering/ is living/ works
c) am listening/ watch/ love/ is prefering/ is living/ works
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d) listen/ watch/ is loving/ prefer/ live/ is working
e) listen/ am watching/ loves/ prefers/ lives/ work
32) (EAM 2020) Mark the option that completes the text with
the right form of the verbs in parenthesis, respectively.
Betty's doctor told her to exercise more. So she began
running. She______ (to enjoy) running. She _____ (to run)
almost every day. Betty will run in the marathon next week.
A marathon _______(to be) 26 miles. She will run for three
hours without stopping. She will try to finish it.
a) enjoys / rans / was.
b) enjoy / run / be.
c) enjoys / runs / is.
d) enjoyes / runes / is.
e) enjoyed / runned / was.
33) (EAM 2021) Which option completes the text below
correctly?
Jack ________ a young sailor. He _______ in England, but
he ________ often away with his ship.
One summer he ________ back from a long voyage and
_________ new neighbours near his mother's house. They
________ a daughter, and Jack soon ________ in love with
her.
(Adapted from HILL, L.A. Elementary Stories for
Reproduction 2. OUP, 1980. p.4.)
a) is/ lives/ is/ come/ find/ have/ fall
b) were/ lived/ were/ came/ find/ has/ feel
c) was/ lived/ was/ came/ found/ had/ fell
d) were/ lives/ were/ comes/ found/ has/ fell
e) was/ lived/ was/ come/ founded/ had/ feel
34) (EsSA 2019) “_________ American?” Complete the space
with the correct form of the verb and the pronoun.
a) Is you.
b) Are you.
c) You is.
d) Am you.
e) You are.
35) (EsSA 2019) Complete the sentence below using the
appropriate words:
Mr. Harris_________ trains: He is afraid of airplane
and________like buses, but ________trains.
a) like/do/loves.
b) likes/don’t/love.
c) like/does/love.
d) likes/doesn’t/loves.
e) like/don’t/love.
36) (EsSA 2021) Mark the correct alternative. "Don't speak so
loud! The baby ____________ now."
a) sleep.
b) sleeps.
c) is sleeping.
d) are sleeping.
e) to sleep
37) (EsSA 2021) Observe the extract below:
"Everybody's going on holiday", Bill said. He laughed. "It's
going to be wonderful. No work for two weeks"
Choose the option in which you can observe the same verb
tense as in the underlined words.
a) I am eating. Can you call me later?
b) She is going home every weekend.
c) They are travel until Saturday.
d) I studying japanese. It is fantastic!
e) We can playing basketball really well..
38) (EsSA 2022) The plural form of the sentence “the thief is 44) (EEAr 1. 2017) All the alternatives below are into
threatening the child with a knife” is: imperative, except:
a) The thiefs are threatening the childs with knives. a) A water bath helps it cook gently and stay moist.
b) The thieves are threatening the childs with knives. b) Whisk 1/3 of white eggs into chocolate mixture.
c) The thieves are threatening the children with knives. c) Beat white eggs with salt until soft peaks form.
d) The thiefs are threatening the children with knives. d) Butter a shallow 2-quart baking dish.
e) The thieves is threatening the children with knives. 45) (EEAr 1. 2017) Increasing CPR training to save lives
39) (EsSA 2022) Choose the best alternative to fill in the box In August, Jeffrey Feig, a 50-year-old financial executive in
and complete the sentence correctly. Manhattan and father of three young sons, became one of
the more than 350,000 Americans who each year suffer a
sudden cardiac arrest. His heart went into an erratic and
ineffective rhythm and he stopped _____________.
But unlike 90 percent of people similarly afflicted, Mr. Feig
not only lived to tell the tale but survived his near-death
experience without any damage to his heart muscle or his
brain, an outcome rarely seen following an out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest.
Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com
Complete the blank (line 5) with the right verb:
a) Is a) is breathing
b) Am b) breathing
c) Are c) brought
d) Be d) breath
e) Was 46) (EEAr 1. 2017) Choose the alternative that presents the
Texto para as questões 40 - 42 imperative form of the sentence:
Did you remember it’s April Fools Day today? My sister loves Doctor: You should drink less alcohol.
playing jokes. At breakfast, she said, “Robert and I ____ going a) You ought to drink much alcohol.
to elope! We’re going to Robben Island. It’s the place where b) Don’t drink too much alcohol.
Nelson Mandela was in prison. My guidebook say it is a “place c) Don’t drink less beer.
forever connected with the fight for freedom”. So, if you d) Don’t drink alcohol.
receive a phone call today about winning the lottery or 47) (EEAr 1. 2017) Choose the best alternative that completes
something, don’t get excited. It’s probably an April Fools joke. the first balloon
40) (EEAr 1. 2016) Select the alternative that fills in the blank
in the text
a) have
b) am
c) are
d) is a) I have
41) (EEAr 1. 2016) The sentence “We’re going to Robben b) I’d have
Island” (line 3), in the text, refers to the c) I’ll have
a) past d) I’ve had
b) future 48) (EEAr 1. 2017) Complete the sentences below using make
c) present or do:
d) daily action 1 – She forgot to __________ her homework.
42) (EEAr 1. 2016) The verb “get”, in the text, can be replaced 2 – During the text, try not to __________ a noise.
by 3 – She needs to __________ an appointment to see the
a) Become destist.
b) Stay 4 – Every morning I _________ my bed.
c) have a) make – make – make – make
d) need b) make – make – do – make
43) (EEAr 2. 2016) In “…One day, her mother became c) do – make – make – make
pregnant and April had a little brother. Her brother was d) do – do – make – make
born in February and everybody came and suggested 49) (EEAr 2. 2017) Choose the best alternative to complete the
names for the new baby”, all the underlined verbs are in blank in the text.
the: My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can
a) past progressive be completely honest, I hate Christmas. Maybe it’s because
b) simple present Christmas was always a little depressing when I was a
c) simple past young boy. Anyway, my neighbors really love Christmas
d) future and every year they decorate the inside and outside of their
house with big, bright lights. This year, however, they
really exaggerated: their lights are so bright that I can’t

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 sleep at night! Tomorrow I am going to speak to my 56) (EEAr 2. 2018) Choose the alternative that shows the same
neighbors and ask that the lights __________ reduced or tense as in the sentence “Have you heard of the Facebook?”
removed. a) Do they have some close friends to chat in Whatsapp?
a) be b) I deleted some friends off my Facebook last night.
b) are c) Does the user have a new list of contact?
c) were d) I haven’t understood that message.
d) have been 57) (EEAr 2. 2018) Read the extract and choose the best
50) (EEAr 2. 2017) The verbs “have spread” and “have alternative to complete the blank.
accompanied” are in the __________. Dan and Jenny are married. They got married exactly 20
a) simple past years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary. They
b) future tense ___________ together for 20 years.
c) present perfect a) could have
d) past progressive b) would have
51) (EEAr 2. 2017) Choose the alternative that is NOT in the c) have been
Simple Past: d) has been
a) A man has chosen to occupy his free time revitalizing a 58) (EEAr 2. 2018) Read the text and choose the best response.
square. Ursula! I whispered
b) People congratulated the man for the gradual changes in Yes, my darling, she said, without __________ her eyes.
the square. The verbs “whispered” and “said” underlined in the text
c) He planted a number of pau-brasil, palm and banana refer to
trees. a) past progressive.
d) Residents noticed the square’s changes. b) present perfect.
52) (EEAr 2. 2017) The words “is making” form a verb in the c) simple present.
__________. d) simple past.
a) simple past 59) (EEAr 1. 2019) The words “become” (line 4) and “meet”
b) future tense (line 6), in bold type in the text, are
c) simple present For generations in the United States, a nineteenth century
d) present progressive invention known as the public school system was seen as
53) (EEAr 2. 2017) The word “inform”, in bold in the text, is a the best way to give students the knowledge and skills to
verb in the __________. become nice citizens. Around the 1960s, experts began
“Please inform your altitude”. questioning the system, citing the need for new types of
a) infinitive schools to meet the changing demands of the twentieth
b) imperative century.
c) subjunctive a) regular verbs in the infinitive.
d) passive voice b) irregular verbs in the infinitive.
54) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the best alternative to complete the c) irregular verbs in the past tense.
dialogue. d) regular verbs in the present tense.
Jane: Hi Susan, how are you doing? 60) (EEAr 1. 2019) The sentence “Grounding means that they
Susan: Everything is Okay! are not allowed to go out, after school or on weekends, for a
Jane: Do you have any plans for this weekend? certain period of time” is in the:
Susan: Not sure… I ______ probably give a party this a) Simple Past
weekend. b) Future Perfect
Jane: Cool! c) Simple Present
a) am going to d) Present Perfect
b) am going Texto para a questão 61
c) will be The cost of a cigarette
d) will A businesswoman’s desperate need for a cigarette on an 8-
55) (EEAr 1. 2018) Read the text and complete the blanks with hour flight from American Airlines ________ in her being
the appropriate verbs. arrested and handcuffed, after she was found lighting up in the
Dear John, toilet of a Boeing 747, not once but twice. She ___________
How are you? Here I am in Mayflower in an English class because she _______ violent when the plane landed in
with my cousin. Here in Mayflower the students England, where the police subsequently arrested and
__________ to school in the morning, but in Brazil handcuffed her. Joan Norrish, aged 33, yesterday ________ the
__________ the option to study during the morning or after first person to be prosecuted under new laws for smoking on
lunch. I think this option __________ because of the board a plane, when she was fined £440 at Uxbridge
weather: in Brazil the sun is up early so people start the day magistrates’ court.
earlier. I miss you and I hope to see you soon. Adapted from Innovations , by Hugh Dellar and Darryl
Love, Lucy. Hocking.
a) goes / there are / happened 61) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the best alternative to complete the
b) go / there is / happens text using verbs in the Simple Past:
c) goes / have / happens a) result / were / turning / become
d) go / got / happen b) resulted / was / turned / become

284
 c) resulted / was / turned / became 67) (EEAr 2. 2019) What is the main verb tense used in the
d) result / were / turning / became dialogue above?
62) (EEAr 2. 2019) The words MISSED and TRIED in the
text are:
Dear Frank,
I am sorry, I missed your party on Friday.
I could not come because I had to take my cousin at the
airport.
I tried to phone you but you were out. I hope the party a) Simple Past
went well. b) Simple Future
Yours, Sammy c) Simple Present
a) Modal Verbs d) Present Continuous
b) Regular Verbs 68) (EEAr 2. 2019) Choose the appropriate word to fill in the
c) Irregular Verbs blank.
d) Are not Verbs What happened at Pearl Harbor?
63) (EEAr 2. 2019) Choose the best alternative to complete the On the morning of 7 December 1941, at 7.55am local
blank time, 183 aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked
the United States Naval base at Pearl Harbor on the island
of Oahu, Hawaii.
The first attack wave __________ bombing the hangars
and parked aircraft of the island’s airfields while at the
same time launching torpedoes against the US warships
a) begins
b) began
c) begun
d) begin
69) (EEAr 2. 2019) The negative form of the underlined
sentence is
a) putting “Greg has had his kind and caring moments, but not that
b) putted often.”
c) puts a) Greg doesn’t have his kind and caring moments, but not
d) put that often.
64) (EEAr 2. 2019) “ARE MULTIPLYING “...in the: b) Greg haven’t had his kind and caring moments, but not
a) Simple Present Tense that often.
b) Simple Past Tense c) Greg hasn’t have his kind and caring moments, but not
c) Present Progressive that often.
d) Past Progressive d) Greg hasn’t had his kind and caring moments, but not
Texto para as questões 65 e 66 that often.
70) (EEAr 1. 2020) The verbs in bold are, respectively, in the
“The Little Prince”, now, is a movie
Alex Weiss
An all-time favorite children’s book, The Little Prince
by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry has been turned into a
beautifully animated movie — and it’s finally being
released. The inspiring lessons, timeless story, and beautiful
quotes from The Little Prince make this a perfect choice for
an on-screen adaptation. At one point or another, your
parents read this book to you when you were a child, and
then you picked it up later on in life, realizing how
65) (EEAr 2. 2019) “Dad arrives at midnight”. The verb incredibly important this small book truly is.
arrives is in the: Adapted from: https://www.bustle.com/articles/176416-18-
a) simple past tense – affirmative form the-little-prince-quotes-to-get-you-pumped-for-the-movie
b) simple present tense – affirmative form a) present perfect, simple past, and simple past.
c) present perfect tense – affirmative form b) simple past, simple past, and present perfect.
d) present continuous tense – affirmative form c) present perfect, simple past, and present perfect.
66) (EEAr 2. 2019) … TO DRIVE HIM HOME … This d) simple past, present perfect, and present perfect.
expression in English means: 71) (EEAr 1. 2020) The sentence “Now it’s raining” is in the:
a) to let him home a) Simple Past
b) to lend him home b) Simple Present
c) to take him home c) Past Progressive
d) to move him home d) Present Progressive

285
72) (EEAr 1. 2020) Doug Funnie b) Has the cost of living doubled in relative terms over
Douglas Yancey, “Doug” Fannie, is the titular character recent years?
and chief protagonist of the animated series Doug. Douglas c) Have the cost of living double in relative terms over
is a shy, insecure, and somewhat clumsy 11-year-old boy recent years?
with a wild imagination and a big heart. He owns a very d) Have the cost of living doubled in relative terms over
expressive dog named Porkchop. Doug is a 6th Grade recent years?
average kid who always tries to do the right thing, despite 77) (EEAr 1. 2020) The negative form of the underlined
his frequent failures. He is naive at times, and fears that sentence, in the text, is
people will think of him as a loser. “I’ve put my trust in you”
In the sentence “He owns a very expressive dog named a) I didn’t put my trust in you.
Porkchop”, the verb OWNS can be replaced by _________ b) I don’t put my trust in you.
without change in meaning. c) I do not put my trust in you.
a) has d) I haven’t put my trust in you.
b) buys 78) (EEAr 2. 2020) The sentences underlined, in the text, are in
c) needs the:
d) wants I’ve never seen anybody
73) (EEAr 1. 2020) An e-mail to Mary Take my
Hi, Mary! I see you, see you, see you every time
How are you? I miss you so much! a) Present Perfect, Imperative, and Simple Present.
I arrived in Rome last week and I’m having a lot of fun. b) Present Perfect, Simple Present, and Imperative.
This morning my parents and I woke up at 8:00 and had a c) Simple Present, Imperative, and Present Perfect.
great breakfast at the hotel. Afterwards, I walked a little and d) Simple Present, Present Perfect, and Imperative.
saw many tourists (many from Russia and China) and even 79) (EEAr 2. 2020) Keeping in mind the structure of the
some famous people! Present Perfect Tense, fill the blank in the text.
Now we are going to Venice. The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion, the Witch and the
How are things in Las Vegas? Come meet us! Wardrobe
See you soon! The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, completed by
Paul. the end of March 1949 and published by Geoffrey Bles in
All verbs below, underlined in the text, are in the Simple the United Kingdom on 16 October 1950, tells the story of
Past, EXCEPT: four ordinary children: Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy
a) Arrived Pevensie, who ______________ evacuated to the English
b) Woke countryside from London following the outbreak of World
c) Come War II. They discover a wardrobe in Professor Digory
d) Had Kirke’s house that leads to the magical land of Narnia. The
74) (EEAr 1. 2020) Complete the text with the appropriate Pevensie children help Aslan, a talking lion, save Narnia
words. from the evil White Witch, who has reigned over the land
Alice in Wonderland of Narnia for a century of perpetual winter with no
“If you ___________ know where you want to go, then it Christmas. The children become kings and queens of this
___________ matter which path you take” new-found land and establish the Golden Age of Narnia,
a) don’t / don’t leaving a legacy to be rediscovered in later books.
b) does / don’t Adapted from
c) don’t / doesn’t www.en.wipedia.org/wiki/the_lion_the_witch_and_the_war
d) doesn’t / doesn’t drobe
75) (EEAr 1. 2020) The term “Wake me up”, in the comic a) has been
strip, is in the b) have been
c) have to be
d) hasn’t been
80) (EEAr 2. 2020) What is the main verb tense used in the
comic strip?

a) Present Continuous
b) Imperative
c) Future
d) Past
76) (EEAr 1. 2020) Change the sentence into the interrogative
form. a) Present Perfect
“The cost of living has doubled in relative terms over recent b) Simple Present
years.” c) Past Perfect
a) Has the cost of living double in relative terms over d) Simple Past
recent years?

286
81) (EEAr 2. 2020) Fill the blanks with the correct verb forms. 84) (EEAr 1. 2021) The sentence “That’s always worked” is an
Bobby’s World (originally __________ as The world example of
According to Bobby) is an American animated television
series, which ran from September 8, 1990 to February 23,
1998, on FOX Kids. This Saturday-morning cartoon
__________ the world from the point of view of a suburban
4-year-old named Bobby Generic and his very overactive
imagination. The show __________ an Outstanding
Animated Program Emmy nomination in 1991.
Adapted from: a) Present Perfect.
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/bobby_s_world and b) Simple Present.
https://bobbys-world.fandom.com/wiki/Bobby%27s_World c) Past Perfect.
a) know - explores - earns d) Simple Past.
b) known - explore - earns 85) (EEAr 1. 2021) The words COMPLAINED and
c) know - explored - earned DISCOVERED in bold in the text are:
d) known - explores - earned A woman in Australia discovered her headaches were
82) (EEAr 2. 2020) All the verbs in bold are caused by tapeworm larvae in her brain
Beautiful Girls Alaa Elassar
Sean Kingston A 25-year-old woman in Australia discovered she had
Your way too beautiful girl tapeworm larvae in her brain after suffering from a
That’s why it’ll never work headache that lasted for more than a week.
You’ll have me suicidal, suicidal For the past seven years, the woman complained of
When you say it’s over headaches that would occur two-or three-times a month and
Damn all these beautiful girls went away with prescribed migraine medication. However,
They only wanna do your dirt her latest headache lasted for more than a week and came
They’ll have you suicidal, suicidal with more severe visual symptoms, including the blurring
When they say it’s over of her central vision.
See it started at the park a) not verbs
Used to chill after dark b) modal verbs
Oh when you took my heart c) regular verbs
That’s when we fell apart d) irregular verbs
‘Cause we both thought 86) (EEAr 1. 2021) The negative form of the underlined
That love last forever (last forever) sentence is:
They say we’re too young “The artifacts were in an excellent state of preservation”
To get ourselves sprung a) Were the artifacts in an excellent state of preservation.
Oh we didn’t care b) The artifacts won’t be in an excellent state of
We made it very clear preservation.
And they also said c) The artifacts were not in an excellent state of
That we couldn’t last together (last together) preservation.
See it’s very divine, girl d) The artifacts wouldn’t be in an excellent state of
You’re one of a kind preservation.
But you mush up my mind 87) (EEAr 2. 2021) The tips given in the picture are in the
You ought to get declined imperative form. Choose the alternative that has the right
Oh Lord negative form of imperative sentences.
My baby is driving me crazy a) Not walk up and down the stairs.
Adapted from: https://www.letras.mus.br/sean- b) Do don’t some stretching exercises.
kingston/1073265/ c) Dance not to music for a few minutes.
a) regular verbs. d) Don’t seek more ideas and resources online.
b) irregular verbs. 88) (EEAr 2. 2021) The negative form of the sentence “I’ve
c) in the simple past. been inside forever!” is:
d) in the simple present. a) I not have been inside forever!
83) (EEAr 1. 2021) Choose the best alternative to complete the b) I haven’t been inside forever!
blank. “I know Kelly _______ in the office at this c) I have been inside forever!
moment.” d) I’m not inside forever!
a) work 89) (EEAr 1. 2022) The underlined sentences in the text are in
b) is working the following tenses:
c) has worked Ben
d) were working Michael Jackson
Ben, the two of us need look no more
We both found what we were looking for
with a friend to call my own
I will never be alone

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 And you, my friend, will see
you have got a friend in me
Ben, you are always running here and there
You feel you are not wanted anywhere
If you ever look behind and don’t like what you will find
There’s something you should know
You have got a place to go
I used to say “I” and “Me”
Now it’s us, now it’s we
Ben, most people would turn you away...
a) Past Progressive / Present Perfect / Conditional tense
b) Conditional tense / Past Progressive / Present Perfect
c) Past Progressive / Simple Past / Conditional
d) Future / Present Perfect / Simple Present
90) (EEAr 1. 2022) Choose the alternative that best completes
the blanks with the verbs in parentheses.
We saw the movie last night.
Marjorie Fuchs and Margaret Bonner
The year was 1912. The Titanic was a new, very large
ship. People thought it _____ (to be) safe. But, on April 15,
1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg and _______ (to sink).
More than 1,500 people lost their lives.
a) was / sunk
b) was / sank
c) were / sink
d) were / sank
91) (EEAr 1. 2022) Read the sentences below.
1. Andy reads comic books.
2. Sandy sings in the bathroom.
3. My sister helps in the kitchen.
The verbs in bold are in the:
a) Simple Past.
b) Simple Present.
c) Present Perfect.
d) Present Continuous.
92) (EEAr 1. 2022) Choose the alternative that best completes
with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
Tower Bridge
John Hughes and Ceri Jones
Tower Bridge is probably the most famous bridge in
London. It is called Tower Bridge because it is located near
the Tower of London. The City of London first started to
plan a new bridge across the Thames in 1876. More than 50
designs _________ (to receive) and it took eight years for
the judges to choose the winning design.
a) received
b) was received
c) were received
d) would receive
93) (EEAr 2. 2022) The sentence “But I’ve developed a new
philosophy” is an example of Present Perfect. Choose the
alternative which follows the same grammar rule.
a) He’s wanted for murder.
b) She has many overcooked cookies.
c) They needed to withdraw money today.
d) He’s tried that new restaurant downtown.
94) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Hijacked jets destroy Twin
Towers: a creeping horror
The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling
disbelief, signified first by trembling floors, sharp
eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of
bodies helplessly tumbling out, some of them in flames.
288
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were
reduced to nothing. Dense plumes of smoke raced through
the downtown avenues, coursing between the buildings,
shaped like tornadoes on their sides.
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared
overhead. Was another one coming? No, it was a fighter jet.
But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for their
lives, but they didn’t know where to go. Should people go
north, south, east, west? Stay outside, go indoors? People
hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated
jumping into the river (…)
Fonte: The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001.
GLOSSARY
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares
to scramble – lutar
‘hid’, (line 14), is the past tense of the verb
a) hit.
b) hike.
c) hint.
d) hide.
95) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) The Crab and His Mother
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he
was walking sideways. Mamma Crab said, ‘Why are you
walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk
straight.’ Baby Crab replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother,
and I’ll follow your example.’
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain.
She could not walk straight herself. Then, she saw how
foolish she had been to find fault with her child
Fonte: Aesop’s Fables
Choose the best verbal form to have the fable completed,
respectively:
a) talked – was noticed
b) was talking – noticed
c) has talked – was noticing
d) has been talking – has noticed
96) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016)
Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation
since 1971 when a small boat of volunteers and journalists
_____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska.
Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed,
respectively:
a) has campaigned – sailed
b) had campaigned – sailed
c) campaigned – was sailing
d) was campaigning – has sailed
97) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Write (T) for true and (F) for false
according to the explanation of the tenses in parenthesis.
( ) When you are looking back from a point in past time,
and you are concerned with the effects of something which
happened at an earlier time in the past. (Past perfect )
( ) When you are concerned with the present effects of
something which happened at an indefinite time in the past.
(past perfect continuous)
( ) When you are talking about something which
continued to happen before and after a particular time.
(past continuous)
Choose the alternative that corresponds to the right order.
a) T – F – F
b) T – F – T
c) F – T – F
 d) F – F – T 102) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) In the first balloon, the verbs
98) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Choose the best verbal form to have “watch” and “learn” are respectively in the
the text completed correctly: AS
AS
Brazil takes on the European Refugee Crisis
In 2016 significantly less refugees _____in Europe than
the year before. The Organization for Migration and the EU
border agency Frontex have reported a notable decline in
the number of migrants arriving on Europe’s shores by
nearly two-thirds. These numbers, however, are by no
a) imperative mood – imperative mood
means an indication of improvement in the international
situation of refugees. b) imperative mood – subjunctive mood
c) subjunctive mood – imperative mood
a) arrived
d) subjunctive mood – subjunctive mood
b) had arrived
103) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) Complete the text with the correct
c) have arrived
alternative.
d) have been arriving
Evacuations as typhoon hits China coast
99) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Choose the best verbal form to have
More than 200,000 people ___________ evacuated as
the text completed correctly:
a typhoon made landfall on China’s east coast, state
Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And
media say. Typhoon Yagi hit China’s Zhejiang province
Landing Private Jet
shortly before midnight on Sunday packing winds of up to
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying?
102km/h, the official Xinhua news agency reports, citing
Here’s a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a
European Space Agency (ESA) business incubator center in provincial flood control headquarters.
Bavaria – released an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater A total of 204,949 people in 10 cities, including
plane called Lilium that’s currently in the works. With a top Taizhou, Zhoushan, and Wenzhou, have been evacuated
speed of 250 mph and a range of 300 miles, the plane can and almost 21,000 fishing boats called back to port, it said
travel roughly between Munich and Berlin in about 90 The storm will also bring heavy rain and will
minutes. And according to the ESA, if testing succeeds, this gradually weaken as it moves slowly inland to the
northwest, Xinhua said.
_____ the world’s first vertical takeoff and landing private
Summer is China’s typhoon season, although
jet.
casualties ____________ minimised in recent years by
a) is
early government planning and evacuations from
b) was
potencial danger zones.
c) will be
Adapted from www.news.com.
d) would be
a) has been – had been
100) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Considering the underlined
b) had been – had been
expression in the sentence “Flight operations to and from
c) has been – have been
Chennai have been affected due to heavy rains”, it is
d) have been – have been
correct to say that
104) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Choose the alternative in which you
a) the present perfect tense was used to refer to a
can find the Past Perfect Continuous.
temporary continuing action.
a) About 30 people had been staying on cots inside.
b) the present perfect tense was used to announce news of
b) We were laying in bed when I heard sirens.
a recent event.
c) More than 50 roads have been closed.
c) the past perfect tense was used to say that something
d) Schools were opened for evacuees.
was in progress.
105) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) These are verbs from the text.
d) the simple past tense was used to announce an earlier
past. Choose the alternative in which we can find only irregular
101) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) The correct form of the sentence verbs.
“more than 100,000 people burst into a rendition of a) carry, suspend
‘Happy Birthday’ in the present perfect is: b) deploy, walk
c) bring, do
a) More than 100,000 people has bursted into a rendition
d) try, land
of Happy Birthday.
106) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The sentence in bold in the text is
b) More than 100,000 people have bursted into a rendition
in the:
of Happy Birthday.
Jair Bolsonaro, has aided Poland by helping to evacuate
c) More than 100,000 people have burst into a rendition of
4 Polish citizens
Happy Birthday.
a) Present Continuous
d) More than 100,000 people has burst into a rendition of
b) Past Continuous
Happy Birthday.
c) Present Perfect
d) Simple Past
107) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) The sentence “Charlie and Jaclyn
High of Phoenix found the white metal piece, which had
fallen in their backyard, on Friday, CBS5 reported.”,
contains verbs in the following tenses, in this order:

289
 a) Simple Past, Past Perfect, Simple Past
b) Simple Past, Present Perfect, Simple Past
c) Present Perfect, Simple Past, Simple Past
d) Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Present Perfect
108) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Choose the alternative in which you
can NOT find Present Perfect tense:
a) Researchers have already discovered cures for many
diseases.
b) I had three cups of coffee with milk this morning.
c) We’ve just gotten back from Los Angeles.
d) They have won several awards.
109) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Read the sentences below.
“I wasn’t looking for this
but now you’re in my way
your stare was holding
ripped jeans
skin was showing.”
The correct verb tense in bold is:
a) Present Continuous.
b) Past Continuous.
c) Present Perfect.
d) Past Perfect.
110) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The sentences that are underlined in
the text are in the:
(I) everything was covered in ice.
(II) Diego, the tiger, had attacked the tribe to get the baby
eskimo but was not successful.
(III) he’ll star in his own movie someday
a) I Simple Past - II Simple Past - III Future Perfect
b) I Past Perfect - II Simple Past - III Simple Future
c) I Simple Past - II Past Perfect - III Simple Future
d) I Past Continuous - II Present Perfect - III Future
Continuous
111) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) In the comic strip, the teacher
corrected the sentence to be grammatically right changing
it to “Do you have any milk?”. Choose the alternative that
contains another correct way to ask the same question.
a) Have you any milk?
b) You have got any milk?
c) Have you got any milk?
d) Do you have got any milk?
112) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Match the columns to the correct
verb tenses and choose the alternative with the correct
sequence.
1 – Past Simple
2 – Present Perfect
3 – Present Simple
4 – Present Continuous
( ) I still live in the family home.
( ) All my life, I’ve been around cars.
( ) I’m having my own house built at the moment.
290
( ) I sold my first car - a Porsche convertible - at the age
of 11.
a) 2 - 3 - 1 - 4
b) 3 - 2 - 4 - 1
c) 4 - 1 - 2 - 3
d) 1 - 4 - 3 - 2
113) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that
correctly completes the comic strip.
a) has flew
b) have flew
c) has flown
d) have flown
114) (EsPCEx 2016) Choose the alternative containing the
correct verbal tense to complete gap (1) in paragraph 3.
In 1945, __________ (1) the ethnic Germans, forced out
of their homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and
obliged to seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany.
More recently, we can see floods of Albanian refugees
escaping from the ethnic cleansing of the Serbian forces in
Kosovo in 1998 and 1999.
a) there to be
b) there will be
c) there are
d) there were
e) there have been
115) (EsPCEx 2017) Choose the alternative containing the
correct verb tenses to complete gaps (1) and (2) in
paragraphs 4 and 5 respectively.
“In 2001, when these attacks __________(1), the
cellular network was still growing and was not as robust as
it is today.
This letter is just one of the many objects that The
National Museum of American History __________(2)
since 2001. To learn more, visit our online exhibition
September 11th: Bearing Witness to History.”
a) have happened, collected
b) have happened, have collected
c) has happened, has collected
d) happened, has collected
e) happened, have collected
116) (EsPCEx 2017) Choose the alternative containing the
correct words to respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and
(3) in paragraph 3.
In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we
must understand the role of the languages used in its
communities. How _____(1) language communities
interact in megacities? What tensions ______(2) caused
by multiple language communities in urban space? What
role ______(3) language play in the power structures
(government or otherwise) of megacities?
a) is, does, do
b) do, are, do
c) are, is, do
d) are, do, does
e) do, are, does
117) (EsPCEx 2018) Which one from the underlined verbs in
the text conveys a verb tense that is different from the
others?
a) says (paragraph 1)
b) made (paragraph 1)
c) think (paragraph 2)
d) runs (paragraph 3)
e) needs (paragraph 4)
118) (EsPCEx 2019) Choose the alternative containing the
correct verb forms to complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in
paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 respectively.
Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable
materials
The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their
products with a “sustainable material” by 2030, the
company announced.
The world’s largest toy company will invest $1 billion
in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in
Denmark, which _______(1) devoted to finding and
implementing new sustainable alternatives for their
current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100
specialists for the center. There is no official definition of
a sustainable material.
Legos _______(2) made with a strong plastic known
as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The
company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to
manufacture its products, according to NBC News.
Changing the raw material could have a large effect on
Lego’s carbon footprint, especially considering that only
10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come
from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the
extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as
distribution from factories to toy stores.
The company _______(3) already taken steps to lower
its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging
size and an investment in an offshore wind farm.
Adapted from http://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-
materials/
a) have, will be, have
b) are, have been, have
c) will be, has been, hasn’t
d) will be, have been, has
e) will be, haven’t been, has
119) (EsPCEx 2020) Which one from the underlined verbs in
the text conveys a different verb tense?
a) has
b) handed
c) decided
d) knew
e) got
120) (EsPCEx 2022) Choose the alternative with verbs that
respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the correct
way.
Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use
it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop,
and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade
Comission) show that social media is also increasingly
where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four
people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it
started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message.
More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in
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losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in
2021.
a) have, go, do
b) keep, do, make
c) make, keep, have
d) do, make, go
e) keep, make, have
121) (AFA 2011) In the 2nd verse of the last strophe the word
“does”
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're here in my heart And my heart will go on and
on
a) is only used as an auxiliary verb of a present tense.
b) reinforces the word before it.
c) emphasizes the verb after it.
d) has the same meaning as the verb ‘to make’.
122) (AFA 2013) The verbal construction of the underlined
sentence in the text expresses the notion of an action
“Human beings have been fighting each other since
prehistoric times”
a) completed in the past.
b) that no longer lasts.
c) repeated over a period of time.
d) already arranged to do but didn’t happen.
123) (AFA 2013) Choose the alternative containing the correct
verbal tenses to complete the gaps (1) and (2) in the text.
On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants associated
with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four
airlines and carried out suicide attacks against targets in
the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the
towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a
third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington,
D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in
Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks
resulted in extensive death and destruction, activating
major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining
the presidency of George W. Bush. Over three thousand
people were killed during the attacks in New York City
and Washington, D.C., including more than four hundred
police officers and firefighters.
At 8:45 a.m., on a clear Tuesday morning, an
American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with twenty
thousand gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower
of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact
left a wide, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-
story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and
trapping hundreds more in higher floors. Eighteen
minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–
United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky,
turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and
crashed into the south tower near the 60th floor. The
collision caused a massive explosion that showered
burning fragment over surrounding buildings and the
streets below. America was under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi
Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly
financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda
terrorist organization, they _____________(1) in
retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement
in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military
 presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had
lived in the United States for more than a year and
_____________(2) flying lessons at American
commercial flight schools.
a) won’t act / have been taking
b) are acting / haven’t taken
c) didn’t act / took
d) were acting / had taken
124) (AFA 2016) In the sentence “it’s been 30 years since I
developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’” (lines 20
and 21), the contraction refers to
a) It has.
b) It been.
c) It is.
d) It was.
125) (AFA 2016) Mark the option that contains the correct
negative form for the sentence “researchers have tried to
identify learning styles” (lines 60 and 61).
a) Researchers have tried to not identify learning styles.
b) Researchers not have tried to identify learning styles.
c) Researchers do not have tried to identify learning styles.
d) Researchers have tried not to identify learning styles.
126) (AFA 2018) “Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the
Red Skull run unconstrained by conventional morality
[...]” (lines 5 and 6)
The highlighted word from the sentence above is used
a) to perform an action.
b) as an auxiliary verb of the clause.
c) to emphasize the verb.
d) to avoid repeating a verb.
127) (AFA 2021) In paragraph 2, the option that fits the gap
appropriately in standard language is
When making a decision, it is a common impulse to
look and see what others are doing. Nevertheless, it is
often unclear whether the path that everyone else may be
following is good for us as well. After all, sometimes
following the crowd has merit - at other times, it is simply
peer pressure blinding us.
The phenomenon of looking to others and following
the crowd _______ by social science for a long time.
Nevertheless, those findings do not always make their
way to individual decision-makers. Therefore, let’s
review why people conform to the crowd – and under
what conditions it is a god idea to go your own way
instead.
a) have been studied.
b) has been studied.
c) has studied.
d) is studied.
128) (AFA 2022) The verb tense used in your generation will
have had a better or worse life
a) shows that something will be in progress at a particular
moment in the future.
b) refers to something that will be looked back on at a
certain time in the future.
c) is used to talk about actions that will continue for a
period of time in the future.
d) can be used to talk about intentions and plans that will
happen in the future.
292
129) (AFA 2022) The following sentence shows an instance of
colloquial language:
a) I have got to go home.
b) I have been so alone.
c) I did not know why.
d) I want to see my family.
130) (EFOMM 2011) Complete the sentences with the correct
verb forms:
1. No sooner ________ the door than I realized it was
locked.
2. Never _________ a weaker excuse!
3. Only after posting the letter ________ that I had
forgotten to put on a stamp.
4. Seldom _________ given a worse performance.
a) had I reached / did I hear / I remembered / the team has.
b) I reached / did I hear / I have remembered / the team
have.
c) I have reached / I heard / have I remembered / has the
team.
d) had I reached / have I heard / did I remember / has the
team.
e) I had reached / I had heard / I remembered / have the
team
131) (EFOMM 2011) In the sentences below, “seem” and
“appear” are used correctly, except in:
a) It seemed like a good idea at first.
b) I can’t appear to make her notice the events.
c) It seems a pity, but I can’t see you this weekend.
d) He seems younger than he is.
e) The baby appears hungry.
132) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the correct option to complete
the sentences:
1. Where have you been? I ______ for you for two weeks!
2. Their bus __________at 3:00 p.m.
3. Tim __________to the beach, when he heard the
weather forecast and changed his mind.
4. Research _____________ that excessive sue of cell
phones may cause headaches.
5. When the police arrived, the thieves __________.
a) have been looking / has arrived / drove / showed / had
run away.
b) am looking / has arrived / was driving / has shown / has
run away.
c) have been looking / has arrived / drove / has shown / ran
away.
d) have been looking / arrives / was driving / has shown /
had run away.
e) am looking / arrives / was driving / showed / ran away.
133) (EFOMM 2012) I’ve lost the key. I ought __________ it
in a safe place.
a) that I put
b) to be putting
c) to have put
d) to put
e) put
134) (EFOMM 2012) ‘John’s birthday is tomorrow.’
‘__________________ I known about it, I would have
bought him a gift.’
a) Would
b) Did
c) Could
d) Had
 e) Have if I _________ a lift home, so I said no, I _________
135) (EFOMM 2012) When Martin ________the car, he took hungry, so we went out for a curry.
it out for a drive. a) was fancying / hadn’t ever met / had / wants / was
a) were washing b) fancying / have never met / have / want / wasn’t
b) had washed c) fancied / had never met / had / wanted / was
c) has washed d) fancies / have never met / haven’t / wanted / am
d) washed e) fancied / had never met / hadn’t / wanted / was
e) was washing 143) (EFOMM 2014) Which sequence completes the
136) (EFOMM 2012) We can’t go along here because the road sentences below?
is ____________. 1- Susan ___________ down and closed her eyes.
a) been repaired 2- The boss ____________ the papers on the table.
b) being repaired 3- Don’t _____________ in bed all day. Get up and do
c) repair some work.
d) repaired 4- The lake ___________ beyond this hill.
e) be repair a) laid – laid – lay - lies
137) (EFOMM 2012) Janet was out of breath because b) laid – lay – lay - lies
______________. c) lay – laid – lie - lies
a) she does run d) laid – lay – lie - lays
b) she didn’t run e) lay – lay – lie -lays
c) she’s been running 144) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the verb that DOES NOT
d) she’s run complete the sentence correctly.
e) she’d been running “The committee has _________ a meeting to discuss the
138) (EFOMM 2012) I can remember ____________ voices president's death.”
in the middle of the night. a) arranged
a) to hear b) programmed
b) hear c) scheduled
c) heard d) organized
d) hearing e) called
e) have heard 145) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the sequence that correctly
139) (EFOMM 2013) Mark the correct alternative to complete completes the sentences below.
the sentence. 1- The UK ____ less than 2% of its gas from Russia.
Max _________________ ill for three weeks. He’s still in 2- Several agreements ________to try to reduce water
hospital. pollution.
a) had been 3- Some political measures ______ for many years.
b) were 4- You should take a coat and an umbrella. I heard the
c) is weather _______later.
d) was 5- Thousands of people _____ every year in storms and
e) has been hurricanes.
140) (EFOMM 2013) Choose the correct option. 6- Climate change ______ the weather all over the world.
I’m going to have the car _______ tomorrow morning. a) gets – have been made – won't be understood - will
a) Repaired change – are killed – is affecting
b) Repairs b) is got – have being made – will understand - will be
c) Repair changed – kill – is being affected
d) Repairing c) gets - is made – won't be understood – is being changed
e) is repairing - are being killed – was affected
141) (EFOMM 2013) Mark the correct option to complete the d) is got - are made – will understand – will change – is
sentence. killed – affects
My legs are aching now because I ________ since 2 e) has been getting – has been made – won't be understood
o’clock. – will change – are killed – is affected
a) am swimming 146) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the option that correctly
b) swam completes the two sentences below, respectively.
c) swim I- I ______ his insults patiently.
d) have been swimming II- She ______ three children in six years.
e) would be swimming III- The king’s body was ______ away to the cathedral.
142) (EFOMM 2013) Choose the option that completes the IV- Hundreds of children are ______ deaf each year.
text below: a) bear / born / bored / borne
I had a really funny evening yesterday, Mary. I got talking b) bored / born / bored / born
to this boy in the pub, very nice-looking he was, and I c) bore / bore / borne / born
could see he _________ me. He said he _________ d) bored / borne / born / borne
anybody like me before, and he felt I _________ a very e) bear / bears / beared / beared
unusual kind of beauty. Oh, yes? I said. Then he asked me

293
147) (EFOMM 2016) Mark the correct option to complete the
sentence below.
I've just finished reading a short story called
“Dangerous”. It's about a woman who ______ her
husband because she doesn't want to lose him.
a) was killing
b) killed
c) kill
d) is killing
e) kills
148) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the word that correctly
completes the sentence.
I am not worried about the test. I ______ enough to pass.
a) learnt
b) have learnt
c) learn
d) had learnt
e) learned
149) (EFOMM 2016) Mark the correct alternative.
When I saw a diamond necklace in a local jewelry store, I
knew it was exactly what I ______ for.
a) have looked
b) had looked
c) have been looking
d) had been looking
e) looking
150) (EFOMM 2018) Choose the correct alternative to
complete the text below.
About a year ago, two sisters ______ at a local
Virginia Beach tea shop on a beautiful summer afternoon
sipping delicious bubble tea, sharing laughs and enjoying
each other's company, unsure of when they might see
each other again. Both sisters ______the Navy in January
2014, leaving for basic training only two weeks apart.
Since then, they ______assigned to different duty
stations, making it difficult to find time to see each other.
(Adapted from: http://www.navy.mil)
a) were / joined / were
b) have been / have joined / have been
c) had been / joined / will be
d) were / had joined / have been
e) have been / had joined / will be
151) (EFOMM 2018) Choose the correct option.
By the time we get there, the party_____________.
a) would have already started
b) will have already started
c) is already starting
d) had already started
e) have already started
152) (EFOMM 2019) Which is the correct way to complete
the paragraph below?
Netflix______9.6 million new subscribers in the first
three months of the year even as it increased prices and
faced competition from rivais including Amazon and
Apple. The streaming video-service now ______ nearly
149 million subscribers worldwide. Since it _____ public
in 2002, Netflix shares ______about 29%.
(Abridged from https://www.bbc.com)
a) added / has / has gone / have increased
b) added / has / went / have increased
c) has added / has / has gone / have increased
d) Has added / is having / went / increased
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e) has added / is having / went / increased
153) (EFOMM 2020) Which is the correct alternative to
complete the paragraph below?
Many ofthe same questions that ________ about coal-
powered propulsion _______ of the Internet of Things
(loT) today: What's wrong with the traditional way; how
will this benefit my fleet; why do we need to malee this
change? They _______ all good questions, and they
______ a very natural human interest in the three areas
that should matter most in deciding whether to use any
maritime technology: safety, effectiveness and cost. The
biggest challenges to IoT adoption _______. In large part,
this is due to the ready availability of high-performance
data collection.
(Adapted from: Sea Technology, December 2018).
a) have been asked / could be asked / were / show / have
already overcome
b) will be asked / are asked / were / are being shown/
already overcame
c) had been asked / were asked / might be / showed / had
already been overcome
d) could be asked / were asked / will be / will show / have
already overcome
e) were asked / are being asked / are / show / have already
been overcome
154) (EFOMM 2021) Mark the correct option to complete the
statements below.
I - Brazilian people ______ responsible for litter
discarded.
II - Shipping debris ________too.
III - Cattle _______ as important as marine species.
IV -The police __________ investigating crime against
the environment.
V - New statistics on marine litter decrease ______ not
reliable.
a) I- is / II- are / III- are / IV-is / V- is
b) I- are / II- is / III- is / IV- are / V- is
c) I- are / II- is / III- are / IV- are / V- are
d) I- are / II- is / III- are / IV- is / V- are
e) I- is / II- is / III- is / IV- are / V- are
155) (EFOMM 2022) Mark the option that correctly
completes the sentences below.
I- The incident will ________ serious damage to his
reputation.
II- Exercise can ________ wonders for body, mind and
soul
III- My cousin ________ no attempt to apologize.
IV- She ________ as if to speak but then stopped.
V- The hat ________ the outfit.
VI- I don't think we'll ________ the deadline.
VII- I know you don't like your niece, but there's no need
to keep ________ her down in front of everybody.
a) I- make/ II- do/ III- did/ IV- made/ V- makes/ VI- do/
VII- making
b) I- make/ II- make/ III- made/ IV- did/ V- does/ VI- do/
VII- making
c) I- do/ II- make/ III- did/ IV- did/ V- does/ VI- make/
VII- doing
d) I- do/ II- do/ III- did/ IV- made/ V- does/ VI- make/ VII-
making
e) I- do/ II- do/ III- made/ IV- made/ V- makes/ VI- make/
VII- doing
156) (EFOMM 2022) In which option the use of the word 162) (Escola Naval 2012) What is the correct way to complete
"miss" is closest in meaning to the word in bold in the the sentence below?
sentence below? I'm going to leave early tomorrow in case (1) _______ a
We can't miss seeing a squall coming but it's not always lot of traffic.
obvious if it has our name on it. a) there to be
a) I would like to know what causes an engine car to miss. b) there would be
b) Perhaps there's something the police have missed. c) there will be
c) I think I will give the barbecue a miss because I am on a d) there are
diet. e) there is
d) Jane handled all her problems without missing a beat. 163) (Escola Naval 2012) Which sequence best completes the
e) Another candidate has just taken this job, so I am afraid text below?
you have missed the boat. Apple (1)_______ over 15 million iPads just in the final
157) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternatives below three months of 2011. Now the popular tablet Computer
completes the sentence correctly? (2) _______ in its third generation. But as Apple prepared
After the referee _________ (1) the whistle, the match (3) _______ a new iPad on March 7th, it (4) _______
will start. legal challenges in China over rights to the name of the
a) is blowing device.
b) blows (Extracted from
c) blew http://www.manythings.org/ipad/e/v.php?v=4GmNlCqctL
d) blowing U)
e) does blows a) sells - is being - to launch – faced
158) (Escola Naval 2011) Wha tis the correct way to complete b) sold - is - launching – faces
the sentence below? c) sells - is - launch - faces
Most of the instrctions in this handout _______ (1) d) sold - is - to launch – faced
a) have not been followed e) sold - is being - to launch - faced
b) are not being follow 164) (Escola Naval 2012) Which is the correct alternative to
c) are not been followed complete the following instructions?
d) are not been follow (1)_____ a game card in the card slot. (2)_____
e) have not being followed power. Important: (3)____ insert or remove cards when
159) (Escola Naval 2011) Which sequence best completes the the power is on as it damages the machine. (4) _____ the
text below? game card icon.
David Beckham ________ (1) in a minor car accident on a) Insert - Press - Do not – Tap
Friday. The football ace ___________ (2) near Torrence b) To insert - To press - To do not - To tap
in California When he __________ (3) into the back of a c) Insert - Press - Do - To Tap
stationary vehicle with his Cadillac SUV. d) Insert - To press - Do – Tap
(Adapted from http://www.thisislondon.co.uk) e) To insert - Press - Do not - Tap
a) involved – was driving – run 165) (Escola Naval 36 2013) Choose the best reply to this
b) was involved – was driving – ran statement.
c) was involving – drove – was running Michelle: Are you going to Michelle's get-together?
d) has been involved – had been driving – run You: I won't go unless I (1) ____ all my chores in time.
e) was involved – drove – ran a) finish
160) (Escola Naval 2011) What tis the correct way to b) will finish
complete the sentence below? c) finished
Though Ann was Only 10, she _______ (1) first place in d) finishing
the competition. e) to finish
a) won 166) (Escola Naval 2013) Which sequence best completes the
b) winning text below?
c) has won "Over 250 members of the Brazilian Navy in the UK
d) had won (1)_________ stationed since the contract (2) _________
e) was winning at the end of 2011 for three Ocean Patrol Vessels and
161) (Escola Naval 2011) Which sequence best completes the ancillary support services, which (3) _________ a
sentence below? manufacturing license (4) _________ further vessels of
When you stay _______ (1) after Midnight, your attention the same class to be constructed in Brazil."
surely _________ (2). (Adapted from http://www.baesystems.com/article)
a) woken – dorpped a) are now - signed - includes – enables
b) aeake – has dropped b) has now been - was signed - includes – enables
c) awoken – has dropped c) is now - signed - is including - to enable
d) awake – drops d) are now - was signed - is including – enables
e) woken – drops e) have now been - was signed - includes - to enable

295
167) (Escola Naval 2014) Which of the alternatives completes
the sentence correctly?
After she ______ the competition, she _______ a
professional dancer.
a) has won / became
b) won / became
c) was winning / was becoming
d) has been winning / has become
e) wins / became
168) (Escola Naval 2014) Which sequence best completes the
text below?
Each naval district _________ at least one base from
which it and its vessels _________, but, except for Aratu
in the 2nd Naval District, most _________ not large.
Aratu _________ to be the MB's number two dockyard
complex outside Guanabara Bay.
(Adapted from
http://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2013/12/look--brazilian-
navy/)
a) has / operates / is / seems
b) has / operate / are / seems
c) have / operate / are / seem
d) have / are operated / are / seem
e) have / are operating / is / seem
169) (Escola Naval 2014) Choose the best reply to this
statement.
Michelle: Your flat needs painting.
You: I know. I _______________ shortly.
a) have it paint
b) have painted it
c) have been painting it
d) am having it painted
e) am having painted it
170) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct way to
complete the text below?
Many wounded as Moroccan police beat protestos
(Reuters) - Moroccan police beat protesters who
defied a ban on demonstrations across the country on
Sunday, leading to arrests and dozens of injuries, some of
them life threatening, witnesses said.
Much of the anger _____ at the Makhzen, Morocco's
royal court. "Protest is a legal right, why is the
Makhzen afraid?", crowds in Casablanca chanted.
"Makhzen get out. Down with despotism."
A Reuters correspondent __________ seven riot
police attacking one bearded man in his 30s, repeatedy
hitting his head and body, causing severe bleeding.
"We ____________ here to preserve order because of
this unauthorized protest", said a senior police officer on
the scene who _______ to give his name.
No one was available at the Interior Ministry
to comment on the protesters' reports.
(Adapted from http://www.linkedin.com).
a) directed/was seen/have called/was declined.
b) was directed/was seen/have called/declined.
c) directed/saw/had called/were declined.
d) was directed/saw/have been called/declined.
e) directed/was seen/had called/declined.
296
171) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct way to
complete the paragraph below?
What Explains Brazil's Surfing Boom?
Brazil _________ more than 4,000 miles of coastline,
and Brazilians _________ its waves at least since the
Australian surfer Peter Troy _________ a demonstration
in Rio de Janeiro in 1964. So why the sudden dominance?
The answer is that the country itself _________.
(http://nytimes.com).
a) has / have surfed / has given / has changed.
b) has / have been surfing / has given / has changed.
c) has / have been surfing / gave / has changed.
d) has had / have been surfing / gave / changed.
e) has had / have surfed / has given / changed.
172) (Escola Naval 2015) Choose the correct option to
complete the dialogue.
John: I’ll have to buy a new smartphone. Mine is broken.
Paul: Why don’t you have it __________ instead?
a) repair
b) repairing
c) repairs
d) to repair
e) repaired
173) (Escola Naval 2016) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
Electric Bikes
The US is different from other countries when it
comes to electric bikes. Nearly 32m e-bikes________ in
2014, most of them in China, where they are primarily
used for transportation. They are popular in much of
Europe, too. They are common in the Netherlands and
Switzerland; German postal workers use them to get
around and BMW offers one for about $3,000.
Electric bikes are different from motorcycles or
mopeds, which rely on motorized power; they are
bicycles that ______ with - or without - help from an
electric motor. Riding an e-bike feels like riding a normal
bike with a strong wind behind you; the motor just helps
you to go faster or climb hills. Unlike mopeds, e-bicycles
________ on bike paths and they cannot travel faster than
20mph.
(Abridged from www.theguardian.com)
a) were sold / can be pedaled / are usually permitted
b) were sold / can pedal / usually permit
c) are sold / can be pedaled / are usually permitted
d) have been sold / can pedal / usually permit
e) have been sold / can be pedaled / are usually permitted
174) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
How to prepare yourself for entrance exams
While you are studying for the test, ______ the time to
anticipate what obstacles you might encounter when
taking the actual test. A helpful tool for doing this will be
the practice tests: ______ which questions trip you up the
most. Then, ________ up with strategies for handling
those minor issues while you take your exam.
(http://www.wikihow.com/Prepare-Yourself-for-
Entrance-Exams)
a) are taking/notice/comes
b) takes/noticing/coming
c) take/notice/come
d) takes/noticing/come
 e) take/noticing/coming
175) (Escola Naval 2016) Choose the correct option to
complete this novel excerpt.
"Where is Louisia?", shouted Paul.
"Paul", said Mrs Schobert softly [...] "Louisia has not
_________ nor ______ . She has not ________ home —
yet. I am sorry. I don't know what to think."
(HOOD, P.F.F.; HOOD, C.L. Tomorrow, soldier. Part
Three: Himmler's Gas Station. An autobiographical novel
in four parts. Milton Keynes: UK. Author House, 2007,
p.40.)
a) called / wrote / come
b) called / wrote / came
c) call / wrote / came
d) call / written / came
e) called / written / come
176) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct way to
complete the text below?
You can now edit and format your Google Docs by
voice
About six months ago, Google ______ voice typing
for Google Docs on the web ______ you to dictate your
text into a document. Today it's taking this feature a step
further by also allowing you to edit and format your text
by voice, too.
This ______ you can now say things like "select all, "
"align center", "bold", "got to end of line", or "increase
font size" and Google Docs ______ and follow your
commands. You can find a full list of available commands
here.
(http://techcrunch.com/2016/02/24/you-can-now-edit-
and-format-your-google-docs-by-voice/)
a) has introduced / to allow / means / understanding
b) introduces / allowed / meant / has understood
c) has introduced / to allow / is meaning / understood
d) introduced / to allow / means / will understand
e) introduced / allowed / meant / understand
177) (Escola Naval 2017) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
How to use the camera at the beach or near water
_______ the camera dry naturally in case it gets wet.
After that, please______ the door/cover to be sure no sand
is present. ______ as required. ______ the camera
anywhere the temperature may exceed 35°C as this may
damage the unit.
a) Let / to inspect / To clean / Do not leave
b) Let / inspect / Clean / Do not leave
c) To let / inspect / Clean / Not leave
d) To let / inspect / Clean / Leave not
e) To let / to inspect / To clean / Leave not
178) (Escola Naval 2017) Choose the correct option to
complete this paragraph.
Pamela is absolutely dedicated to work. She is a doctor
and director of a university department where she has
______ a lot of research on anesthesiology. She has also
______ grants from federal and private organizations and
has______ her projects all over the world to be presented
at professional meetings.
a) do / win / took
b) did / won / taken
c) did / won / took
d) done / won / took
297
e) done / won / taken
179) (Escola Naval 2017) Which is the correct way to
complete the paragraph below?
A change of habits
In recent years, dairy milk alternatives made from
almonds, soy, cashews and coconuts ______ in
popularity. Many people consider them more nutritious
than cow's milk. Some people _______ them because they
have a milk allergy or lactose intolerance. Others choose
them for environmental reasons or because they want a
vegan diet. Some just like the taste. Cow’s
milk______once one of America’s most iconic beverages.
But now Americans ______ less of it.
(Adapted from https ://www.nytimes.com)
a) have exploded / bought / was / are drinking
b) have exploded / buy / was / are drinking
c) have exploded / buys / was / drink
d) exploded / buy / is / have drunk
e) exploded / bought / is / drink
180) (Escola Naval 2017) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
Millennium development goals: an overview
The millennium development goals (MDGs)______, eight
key areas - poverty, education, gender equality, child
mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and
global partnership. Each goal,______ by 21 specific
targets and more than 60 indicators. The UN ______the
MDGs 'the most successful anti-poverty movement in
history’, but what progress______ on each of the goals?
(Adapted from https://vwwv.theguardian.com)
a) have been targeted / supports / has been called / has
made
b) have targeted / support / has called / has been made
c) have targeted / is supported / has called / has been made
d) have been targeted / supported / has been called /has
been made
e) have targeted / are supported / has been called / has
made
181) (Escola Naval 2018) Which option completes the
sentence below correctly?
Greg ______, and ______ his leg while he ______ in
Bariloche.
a) felt / has broken / was skiing
b) felt / had broken / had been skiing
c) fell / broke / was skiing
d) fell / has broken / had been skiing
e) felt / broken / was skiing
182) (Escola Naval 2018) Which option completes the
sentences below correctly?
I- The faucet is dripping. I need to have it______.
II- We got him ______ us with the first steps of the
project.
III- They got the living room ______in pastel colors as
they had always wanted.
IV- Instead of buying a new computer, why don’t you
have your old one______?
a) repair / help / painted / fixed
b) repaired / to help / painted / fixed
c) repair / help / paint / fix
d) repaired / helps / painting / fix
e) repairing / to help / painting / fixing
183) (Escola Naval 2018) Choose the correct option to
complete the text below.
In the age of sail, however, a captain's options _________
if a more powerful enemy ship _________ while his own
vessel _________ at anchor. If the situation was urgent
[...], a captain _________ that it was more prudent to cut
the anchor cable [...], and run, living to fight another day.
(https ://blog.oxforddictionaries.com)
a) limited / was spotted / was laid / might be decided
b) limited / spotted / lay / might decide
c) were limited / was spotted / was laid / might be decided
d) were limited / was spotted / lay / might decide
e) were limited / spotted / lay / might be decided
184) (Escola Naval 2019) Which option completes the
dialogue below correctly?
John: What’s the matter?
Mary: My notebook isn’t working properly. I must call
the technician and________ immediately.
a) have fixed it
b) have it fixed
c) fixed it
d) has fixed it
e) has it fixed
185) (Escola Naval 2019) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
After a particularly long week in Shanghai and
Beijing, several of us ________ on a United flight direct
to Chicago on a late Friday afternoon. We ________ at
the airport only to find out the company________ the
flight right before takeoff.
(Adapted from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse)
a) was / were arriving / had cancelled
b) were / were arriving / had been cancelling
c) was / arrived / had been cancelling
d) was / had arrived / had been cancelling
e) were / arrived / had cancelled
186) (Escola Naval 2019) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
All 12 members of the Wild Boar soccer team and
their coach ________ after more than two weeks trapped
inside a cave in Thailand. The rescue mission was
complicated. Here's how it went down.
First, experts ________ to teach the boys how to use
scuba gear. During the hours-long trip out of the cave,
each boy ________ underwater by two divers. The boys
and their escorts ________ to squeeze through a narrow,
flooded channel. Having completed that narrow section,
the boys ________ to separate, specialist rescue teams,
who _________ them through the remainder of the cave.
(Adapted from: https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-
news/thai-cave-rescue-live-intl/index.htmI)
a) were rescued / were sent in / accompanied / were
required / were handed over / were helped
b) were rescued / were sent in / was accompanied / were
required / were handed over / helped
c) rescued / sent in / accompanied / required / handed over/
were helped
d) rescued / sent in / was accompanied / required / handed
over / were helped
e) was rescued / were sent in / accompanied / were
required / handed over / helped
298
187) (Escola Naval 2020) Choose the correct option to
complete the paragraph below.
The Brazilian Navy _________ its new Antarctic station
"Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz" (EACF) on 15
January. The facility _________ by China National
Electronic Imports and Exports Corporation (CEIEC) to
replace the original EACF, which _________ by a fire in
2012. The new station _________ of laboratories,
communications and meteorological modules, power
generation equipment, and a living area for 64, as well as
medical, healthcare, catering, and technical areas.
(Adapted from https://www.janes.com)
a) was inaugurated / built / destroyed / composes
b) inaugurated / was built / destroyed / composes
c) was inaugurated / built / destroyed / is composed
d) inaugurates / builds / was destroyed / was composed
e) inaugurated / was built / was destroyed / is composed
188) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
ln 1984, Dallas, Texas, a call to the emergency
services ________ catastrophically wrong. An elderly
woman _______ breathing in her home. Her son, clearly
distressed, _______ 911. His conversation with the
dispatcher soon _______ out of control.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)
a) had gone / stopped / had called / spiraled
b) was going / had stopped / has called / was spiraling
c) went / has stopped / had called / had spiraled
d) had gone / has stopped / called / was spiraling
e) went / had stopped / called / spiraled
189) (Escola Naval 2021) Choose the correct option to
complete the text below.
In February, the Royal Navy’s submarine HMS Talent
(S92) __________ the upgraded Spearfish torpedo near
the Isle of Skye to rigorously test it before it _________
servisse.
During the three-day trial, the torpedo _________ at
Talent three times and _________ to safely pass the
submarine.
The trials ________ valuable data in the final stages of
the upgraded torpedo’s development ahead of its entry
into servisse.
The operational version of the weapon _________ to
all front-line Royal Navy submarines by 2025.
(Adapted from https://www.navaltoday.com)
a) was fired / will enter / fired / programmed / provided /
will introduce
b) fired / enters / was fired / was programmed / provided /
will be introduced
c) was fired / entered / was fired / was programmed / were
provided / will introduce
d) fired / enters / fired / was programmed / were provided /
will introduce
e) was fired / entered / fired / programmed / provided / will
be introduced
190) (Escola Naval 2022) Which option completes the text peoples struggle even more for self-determination since they do
below correctly? not have their own autonomous territory. They find themselves
Dr. How Hoong Au: Learning Mandarin at 75 even more vulnerable and are often at best ignored, or worse
Dr. How Hoong Au ___________ born in Malaysia to persecuted.
parents from mainland China. His family ___________ it Fonte: What does it mean to be unrecognised and
would be better for him to learn in English than Mandarin unrepresented? https://unpo.org/article/21947. Adaptado. Data
or Cantonese. That ___________ Au without much de acesso: 07/08/2022.
knowledge of any Chinese language. 191) (ITA 2022) O termo “do”, destacado em itálico
At the age of 75, Au now attends the Toronto sublinhado no excerto do quarto parágrafo: “the few
Mandarin School alongside his grandchildren, who countries that do recognise them”, expressa
___________ the language as well. a) dúvida.
a) is/ figured/ left/ was learning b) equivalência.
b) was/ figured/ left/ are learning c) detalhamento.
c) were/ figures/ will leave/ are learning d) exemplificação.
d) is/ figures/ left/ is learning e) ênfase.
e) was/ figured/ will leave/ was learning
Texto para a questão 191
Since the early 1990s, an interesting phenomenon has emerged
in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus – some states that, despite
having their own government and state apparatus, lack
international recognition. Even today, the struggle of these
unrecognised states remains widely unknown. While these
states have been the focus of much academic study, their very
existence is often neglected by both the international
community and societies in the West. In parallel, there exist in
Eastern Europe and the Caucasus distinct peoples who have
neither acquired recognised statehood nor any significant
representation within their own countries – they are the so-
called unrepresented peoples.
Today, the territory of the former Soviet Union in Eastern
Europe and the Caucasus is somewhat unique for its relatively
high concentration of unrecognised states and unrepresented
peoples. Each of them has varying degrees of independence
and autonomy. Some have de facto statehood, whereas others
are distinct peoples with little to no representation or territorial
autonomy. Although different, these peoples seem to have one
common goal – self-determination.
The benefits of recognised statehood are numerous and often
taken for granted – countries have access to various forms of
international funding, for example from the World Bank and
the International Monetary Fund (IMF); their citizens can
travel, assured that their passports will be accepted in another
country; and they have a voice at international forums like the
United Nations (UN), which can be an opportunity to influence
international outcomes in their favour. Unrecognised states, on
the other hand, are isolated internationally and can be forced to
rely upon a patron state which offers them all kinds of help in
exchange for their allegiance. This dependency on a patron-
client relationship can lead to the client state being used as a
political tool by its patron.
One key issue facing most unrecognised states is the restriction
on movement imposed on their people. Because their de facto
nationality is not recognised internationally, their locally-
issued passports or travel documents are not considered valid
for travel or entry into another country. The only way for them
to travel abroad is to receive a passport from a neighbouring
country, or to travel to the few countries that do recognise
them. It happens that some people living in de facto states are
entitled to other citizenships. In addition to unrecognised states,
there also exists a number of unrepresented peoples – that is,
distinct ethnic and linguistic groups that enjoy little or no
representation both internationally and domestically. These

299
 Gabarito 62) B
1) C 63) D
2) B 64) C
3) C 65) B
4) B 66) C
5) D 67) B
6) B 68) B
7) B 69) D
8) B 70) A
9) B 71) D
10) E 72) A
11) B 73) C
12) E 74) C
13) E 75) B
14) C 76) B
15) C 77) D
16) A 78) A
17) B 79) B
18) A 80) D
19) D 81) D
20) D 82) C
21) D 83) B
22) B 84) A
23) C 85) C
24) C 86) C
25) B 87) D
26) A 88) B
27) D 89) A
28) C 90) B
29) D 91) B
30) D 92) C
31) E 93) D
32) C 94) D
33) C 95) B
34) B 96) A
35) D 97) B
36) C 98) A
37) A 99) C
38) C 100) B
39) C 101) C
40) C 102) A
41) B 103) D
42) A 104) A
43) C 105) C
44) A 106) C
45) B 107) A
46) B 108) B
47) D 109) B
48) C 110) C
49) A 111) C
50) C 112) B
51) A 113) D
52) D 114) D
53) B 115) D
54) D 116) E
55) B 117) B
56) D 118) D
57) C 119) A
58) D 120) E
59) B 121) C
60) C 122) C
61) C 123) D

300
124) A 186) B
125) D 187) E
126) B 188) E
127) B 189) B
128) B 190) B
129) A 191) E
130) D
131) B
132) D
133) C
134) D
135) B
136) B
137) E
138) D
139) E
140) A
141) D
142) C
143) C
144) B
145) A
146) C
147) E
148) B
149) D
150) D
151) B
152) B
153) E
154) C
155) E
156) B
157) B
158) A
159) B
160) A
161) D
162) E
163) D
164) A
165) A
166) E
167) B
168) B
169) D
170) D
171) C
172) E
173) A
174) C
175) E
176) D
177) B
178) E
179) B
180) C
181) C
182) B
183) D
184) B
185) E

301
 Numerais – Numbers c) twenty-eight, seventeen, two hundred and five, two
thousand and six
1) (EPCAR 2013) “Websterts dictionary is now in its 11 th
d) twenty-eight, seventeen, two thousand and five, two
edition.” The full form of the underlined item is
a) eleven. hundred and six
10) (EEAr 2. 2020) The written form of the number 35,000 is
b) eleventy.
_____________.
c) eleventh.
d) elevent. a) thirteen five thousand
2) (EPCAR 2015) “(...) half of the young people interviewed b) thirty-five thousand
said that they suffer bullying” (lines 13-14), the underlined c) thirty-five hundred
expression representes d) three five hundred
11) (EEAr 2. 2021) Choose the alternative that has the right
a) twenty-five percent of.
written form of the number in bold in the text.
b) a hundred percent of.
English contains over 750,000 words. With so many
c) ten percent of.
different words available to describe things, you should
d) fifty percent of.
never be short of synonyms.
3) (EPCAR 2016) The sentence “one-fifth of working adults
a) Seven hundred and fifty thousand
say they experience ageism in the workplace” (lines 9 and
b) Seven thousand and fifty hundred
10) means that
c) Seventy-five thousand
a) twenty per cent of working adults suffer the
d) Seventy-five hundred
consequences of ageism at work.
12) (EsSEx 2015) What`s another way of saying “It`s seven
b) 1/15 of adults work under pressure.
forty-five”?
c) 1/5 of workers experience prejudice against their type of
a) It`s a quarter after eight.
work.
b) It`s seven thirty.
d) half of the adult population experiences intolerance at
c) It`s a quarter to eight.
work.
4) (EEAr 1. 2016) The ordinal form for the number ninety d) It`s seven o`clock.
13) (EEAr BCT 2013) The numbers “70 and 100” (line 18),
(90) is
are expressed in English as
a) ninth
b) nineth a) seventy and a hundred
c) ninetieth b) seventy and a thousand
d) nineteenth c) seventeen and a hundred
5) (EEAr 1. 2017) Choose the best alternative for the written d) seventeen and a thousand
14) (EEAr BCT 2013) “a hundred thousand”, (line 9), is
form of “1844”.
expressed in number as:
a) eight fourty – four
a) 100,000
b) one eight four four
b) 1,000,000
c) eighteen forty-four
c) 10,000,000
d) eighteen fourth-four
d) 100,000,000
6) (EEAr 2. 2017) The correct way of writing the cardinal
15) (EEAr 2012) The correspondent ordinal forms for the
number 30,000 using words is __________.
numbers 60, 30 and 90 are, respectively:
a) third thousand
a) sixth / third / ninth
b) thirty thousand
b) sixty / thirty / ninety
c) thirteen thousand
d) thirtieth thousand c) sixtieth / thirtieth / ninetieth
d) sixteenth / thirteenth / nineteenth
7) (EEAr 1. 2018) The number 100,000 is expressed in words
16) (EEAr 2013) The numbers 12 th and 25 th, underlined in the
as __________________.
text, are, respectively:
a) a million
a) twelve / twenty-fifth
b) one hundred
b) twelfth / twenty-fifth
c) one thousand
c) twelve / twentieth-fifth
d) a hundred thousand
8) (EEAr 2. 2018) Choose the best alternative for the written d) twelfth / twentieth-five
form of 137th 17) (Crescer Consultorias 2019) Which number is spelt
a) hundredth thirtieth seventh. incorrectly? Choose the INCORRECT answer.
b) one hundred thirty seven. a) Third (3rd)
b) Twelfth (12th)
c) one hundred thirty seventh.
c) Seventeenth (17th)
d) a hundred thirteen seventy.
d) Twenty Ninteh (29th )
9) (EEAr 1. 2019) The numbers 28, 70, 2005 and 2016 are
18) (FACET Concursos 2020) Choose the option that shows
respectively expressed in words as _______.
an example of ordinal numbers:
a) twenty-eight, seventy, two thousand and five, two
a) “The “Edinburgh declaration”, published on Monday,
thousand and sixteen
urges leaders to work more closely with sub-national
b) twenty-eight, seventy, two thousand and fifty, two
governments, indigenous peoples, national parks, local
hundred and sixteen
councils and wider society in meeting 20 biodiversity
goals”

302
 b) “signed in Nagoya, Japan, 10 years ago.”
c) “Thompson said Scotland was set to meet nine of the
Aichi goals.”
d) “The convention on biological diversity was first
opened for signature at the Earth summit in Rio de
Janiero, Brazil, in 1992.”
e) None of them show an ordinal number.
19) (Instituto Excelência 2019) Leia o trecho abaixo:
“Mary has two young children and they are very intelligent.
Their names are "Jack" and "Julie". Jack is nine years old
and Julie is eleven years old.”
How many numerals appear in the sentence?
a) Four.
b) Five.
c) Two.
d) Nenhuma das alternativas.
20) (NUCEPE 2016) In the text 06, the numbers "116” (line
14) and "35" (in the reference), are, in compliance with
Bristish usage, written respectively as:
a) one hundred and sixteen; thirty - five.
b) a hundred sixteen; thrity five.
c) one hundred and sixtyeen; thirty five.
d) a hundred sixty; third - five.
e) one - hundred sixteen; thirty – five.
21) (CONSULPLAN 2014) In “We are helping UNIQLO grow
by 350%.”, 350% is read
a) three hundred fifty percent.
b) thirty-five hundred percent.
c) thirty-five thousand percent.
d) three thousand and five hundred percent.
22) Em relação ao tópico números e datas em inglês, assinale a
opção correta:
a) There were five thousands people at the party narra o
número de pessoas em uma festa.
b) A data 2020 pode ser lida como two-thousand and
twenty ou two-thousand-twenty.
c) A preposição of não deve ser utilizada com números.
d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.
23) Em relação aos números do inglês, assinale a opção
incorreta:
a) Em Inglês, o número 120.000 é escrito como 120,000.
b) Em Inglês, o número 120,000 pode ser lido como one
hundred and twenty thousand ou a hundred and twenty
thousand.
c) Assim como no Português, a casa dos milhares é
pronunciada no plural. Dessa forma, em inglês, 4,000 é
lido como four thousands.
d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.
24) Em relação aos números do inglês, como pronunciar,
presencialmente, o número 6,300,100?
a) Six hundred million, three hundred thousand, one
hundred.
b) Six hundred million, three hundred thousand, and one
hundred.
c) Six hundred million and three hundred thousand, and
one hundred.
d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.
303
25) Em relação aos números do inglês, assinale a opção
incorreta:
a) A preposição of pode ser utilizada atrelada a números
expressivos como centenas, milhares em milhões.
b) A palavra and é comumente utilizada após a
palavra hundred como em three hundred and sixteen.
c) A million é equivalente a one million.
d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.
26) Como se diz "2014" e "2015" em inglês?
a) Two thousand fourteen / two thousand fifty
b) Two thousand forty / two thousand fifteen
c) Two thousand fourteen / two thousand fifteen
d) Two hundred fourteen / two hundred fifteen
27) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Os números
cardinais entre 20 e 99 apresentam terminação:
a) -ve
b) -ty
c) -th
d) -teen
28) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Assinale a opção
que apresenta um número ordinal:
a) hundred and thirty-third
b) hundred and thirty-three
c) seven hundred and ninety
d) five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-nine
29) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Sobre frações,
assinale a alternativa incorreta:
a) 26/78 → twenty-six over seventy-eight
b) 2½ → two and a half (dois e um meio)
c) Nas frações abaixo de 1, utilizamos a
preposição of antes de substantivos.
d) Half é sempre seguido de of
30) (Questão Inédita – Mateus Germano) Como se diz em
inglês “1708” e “2009”
a) one Thousand, seven hundred and eight / two thousand
(and) nine
b) seventeen oh eight / twenty oh nine
c) seventeen oh eight / two thousand (and) nine
d) one Thousand, seven hundred and eight / twenty oh nine
 Gabarito
1) C
2) D
3) A
4) C
5) C
6) B
7) D
8) C
9) A
10) B
11) A
12) C
13) A
14) A
15) C
16) B
17) D
18) D
19) D
20) A
21) A
22) B
23) B
24) A
25) D
26) C
27) B
28) A
29) D
30) C

304
 Conjunções – Conjunctions d) though
6) (EEAr 1. 2018) Fill in the blank with the option that best
1) (EPCAR 2017) The expression “further” (line 51)
completes the text.
introduces an idea of
The New Yorker’s Tad Friend claims that many people in Dear Mary,
My younger sister just told us she’s been accepted to her
Silicone Valley are obsessed with the idea that we're all
first choice university. Lee is very intelligent. She will be
living in a Matrix-like simulation, and some are taking that
obsession a stage further: “Two tech billionaires have gone the first person in our family to go to college. I got good
so far as to secretly engage scientists to work on breaking grades in high school, too, but when I graduated I went into
us out of the simulation.” the family business _________ going to college. I enjoy my
a) exemplification. new career, I’m sure that I’ve learned a lot of new things.
With love, Lincon
b) contrast.
a) as soon as
c) conclusion.
b) instead of
d) comparison.
c) still
2) (EPCAR 2021) The word furthermore (l. 6) could be
d) yet
replaced, without changing the meaning, by
7) (EEAr 2. 2019) The missing words in the text above are,
“The short answer is yes, Fortnite is generally fine.
respectly:
Furthermore, parents can breathe easier knowing that
Dear Frank,
research suggests gaming (on its own) does not cause
I am sorry, I missed your party _____ Friday.
disorders like addiction.”
I could not come _______ I had to take my cousin ______
a) nonetheless.
the airport.
b) meanwhile.
I tried to phone you ______ you were out. I hope the party
c) in addition.
went well.
d) though.
Yours, Sammy
3) (EPCAR 2021) In the sentence For most children,
however, parents understanding the deeper truth behind a) in – if – on – but
b) on – but – at – so
what kids are getting out of games empowers them to take
c) on – because – at – but
steps to give their children more of what they need (l. 84 -
88), the underlined word expresses d) at – however – to – because
a) consequence. 8) (EEAr 1. 2020) The words in bold are, respectively,
b) comparison. synonyms for
c) conclusion. In The End
Linkin Park
d) contrast.
One thing, I don’t know why
4) (EEAr 1. 2016)
It doesn’t even matter how hard you try
A pilot from Northwest Airlines flight was less than pleased
Keep that in mind
with the food which was to be served on the flight. He
I designed this rhyme
decided to find some better food, so he left his aeroplane,
To remind myself of a time when
and then left the airport to find food even though he had a
I tried so hard
plane to fly. The passengers were left to wait 90 minutes
In spite of the way you were mocking me
until the pilot came back and when the pilot came back he
Acting like I was part of your property
was fired on the spot for “abandoning his plane”.
Remembering all the times you fought with me
(Adapted from www.flightglobal.com)
The conjunction “so” (line 03), in the text, can be replaced I’m surprised it got so
Things aren’t the way they were before
by
You wouldn’t even recognize me anymore
a) because
Not that you knew me back then
b) however
But it all comes back to me in the end
c) even though
You kept everything inside
d) and therefore
And even though I tried, it all fell apart
5) (EEAr 1. 2017) The Secret life of pets
Taking place in a Manhattan apartment building, Max’s What it meant to me will eventually be a memory of a time
life as a favorite pet is turned upside down, when his owner when
brings home a sloppy mongrel named Duke. They have to I tried so hard
put their quarrels behind when they find out that an And got so far
But in the end
adorable white bunny named Snowball is building an army
It doesn’t even matter
of lost pets determined to take revenge.
I had to fall
Fonte: www.imdb.com/title/tt2709768
To lose it all
GLOSSARY:
But in the end
Mongrel: a dog that is a mixture of different breeds.
It doesn’t even matter
A similar meaning to “as”, in bold type in the passage, is
I’ve put my trust in you
a) like
Pushed as far as I can go
b) when
For all this
c) while
There’s only one thing you should know

305
 I’ve put my trust in you 12) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Which words complete the lines in
Pushed as far as I can go the cartoon?
For all this
There’s only one thing you should know
a) despite, although, and in the end.
b) although, in the end, and finally.
c) despite, though, and although.
d) although, finally, and despite.
9) (EEAr 1. 2022) The underlined word in the text can be
a) As – as
replaced by:
b) At – as
The best way to boost self-esteem
c) Like – as
Working hard to accomplish great things is a healthy
d) How – like
way to pump your ego? Not necessarily, according to
13) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) The word “despite” is closest in
researchers at the University of Michigan. In their survey of
meaning to
642 college freshmen, those who measured their self-worth
St Marteen: tourist killed by jet blast at caribean
against objective standards, such as getting good grades,
airport
were actually more stressed - and received no higher marks
A tourist has been killed after being knocked over by jet
- than those who based how they felt themselves of their
blast at an airport famous for its dangerous runway. The
relationships with others. That’s not to say that you
woman was watching a plane take off at Princess Juliana
shouldn’t work hard; just don’t make it all about you.
Airport on the island of St. Marteen when the blast of a
“Instead of focusing on whether you’re succeeding, ask
Boeing 737 knocked her over. The tourist was standing by
yourself, ‘What am I contributing to society? How will
the fence at the end of the runway, watching the plane takes
people benefit from what I’m doing?’” suggests lead
off when she fell and had head injuries. She was taken to
researcher Jennifer Crocker, Ph.D. “This takes the pressure
hospital, where she died. The airport is one of the most
off you and guarantees that your work will always feel
dangerous in the world due to the location of its runway
meaningful.”
with a public beach at one end, and a mountain at the other.
a) on the contrary.
Between the beach and the airport there is a public road.
b) furthermore.
Despite warning signs and requests from the airport to stay
c) however.
away from the runway they don’t obey and stay by the
d) despite.
fence to feel the blast from planes as they take off.
10) (EEAr 2. 2022) The word whereas, underlined in the text,
Adapted from The Independent Online; July 13, 2017.
is closest in meaning to
a) although
Beauty is where you find it.
b) however
There are nearly 8 billion people living on Earth and,
c) because of
naturally, different cultures have different ideals of beauty
d) in spite of
for both men and women. Generally speaking, in most
14) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) “In order to”, in bold type in the text,
western societies being thin is more acceptable than being
is a _________ clause.
overweight, whereas nations in other parts of the planet
Two F-15 military fighter jets went up into the air in order
may prefer a more full-bodied appearance. So if you wake
to intercept the stolen airliner, and the airport closed for a
up feeling ugly some day, just remember that you may be
short time
the ideal of beauty somewhere. Perhaps you are living in
a) time
the wrong country.
b) result
a) so.
c) manner
b) but.
d) purpose
c) thus.
15) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) “Life there is simple and good. Ripe
d) therefore.
fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.”
11) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016)
These sentences could be connected by the word:
Greenpeace has campaigned against environmental
a) however.
degradation since 1971 when a small boat of volunteers and
b) because.
journalists sailed into the U.S. atomic test zone of
c) despite.
Amchitka, Alaska.
d) though.
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide
16) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) In the fragment “At last, however,
threats to our planet’s biodiversity and environment. It’s
the bulls...”, the word however means the same as:
also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals,
a) Nevertheless
and to challenge governments and corporations when they
b) Furthermore
fail to act appropriately in order to protect our environment
c) In addition
and our future.
d) Therefore
‘in order to’, underlined in the text, is used to
a) give orders.
b) express purpose.
c) indicate personal opinion.
d) talk about a sequence of ideas.

306
17) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) In the sentence “Either mom’s 24) (EsPCEx 2015) In the sentence “Besides what we need to
cooking dinner or somebody got sick at home.”, the know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills.”
expression either...or gives an idea of: (paragraph 4), the word besides can be replaced by
a) Comparison a) However
b) Opposition b) in addition to
c) Exclusion c) to the exclusion of
d) Addition d) though
18) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) In the following passage from the e) as a result of
text “Nobody does it better”, what is the idea expressed by 25) (EsPCEx 2016) Choose the alternative that correctly
the words in bold? substitutes the expression for instance in the sentence “In
Although the actor playing Bond has changed several London, for instance, more than 300 languages...”
times over the last forty years, and although there are no (paragraph 4).
Ian Fleming novels on which to base the films, the series a) for example
goes on and on. b) such as
a) Contrast. c) on the other hand
b) Addition. d) however
c) Purporse. e) no exception
d) Cause. 26) (EsPCEx 2016) Choose the alternative that correctly
19) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Choose the conjunction that best substitutes the expression rather than in the sentence “...
replaces “whereas” in the text history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons,
A lacto-ovo vegetarian consumes milk and other dairy rather than its dumb ones.” (paragraph 2)
products, eggs, grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts and a) as well as
seeds. Whereas a lacto-vegetarian follows a similar eating b) besides
pattern but does not eat eggs. Meanwhile, a vegan avoids c) in addition to
all animal-based products. In addition to meat, this includes d) aside from
eggs, milk and dairy products. Some vegans also do not eat e) instead of
honey. 27) (EsPCEx 2017) Choose the alternative that correctly
a) Albeit substitutes the word yet in the sentence “It is less obvious
b) Because that social diversity should work in the same way – yet the
c) Therefore science shows that it does.” (paragraph 2)
d) In addition to a) however
20) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) In the excerpt from the text “(...) to b) for
return to their homes to retrieve their belongings because of c) such as
the ‘evolution of the volcanic emergency’”, the underlined d) thus
expression can be replaced by e) because
a) nonetheless. 28) (EsPCEx 2021) Choose the alternative with words that
b) as though. respectively complete gaps (1), (2), (3) and (4) in the
c) therefore. correct way.
d) due to. The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess
21) (EsPCEx 2011) In the sentence “All teenagers have the Set Now
same problems - life, love, school work, and parents”, the _______(1) for the past few years the most popular
conjunction and indicates _______(2) on Netflix was undoubtedly Her Majesty
a) contrast. Queen Elizabeth, as portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia
b) result. Colman in The Crown, this fall another type of queen
c) reason. _______(3) her mark: Beth Harmon, the captivating
d) consequence. protagonist of The Queen's Gambit, a Netflix original that
e) addition. became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew of
22) (EsPCEx 2012) In the sentence “But when she started discerning viewers to pick up _______(4).
working, she found out that...”, the word but indicates a) Finally, queen, is, chess
a) addition. b) Although, queen, made, chess
b) consequence. c) However, chessboard, makes, queen
c) result. d) The Crown, movie, made, queen
d) reason. e) The Crown, actress, makes, Harmon
e) contrast. 29) (AFA 2012) The connectives however (line 19) and thus
23) (EsPCEx 2013) In the sentence “...an awareness of one’s (line 27) express, respectively, _________ and _________ .
own emotions as well as the ability to control them...”, the The Military Aviation, however, only activated its Military
expression as well as has the same meaning as Aviation School after the Great War, on 10 July 1919.
a) but. Thus, on 20 January 1941, the Air Ministry was created
b) thus. and both the Army and Navy air arms were disbanded, their
c) also. personnel and equipment forming the Brazilian Air Force.
d) unless. a) contrast - result
e) then. b) addition - conclusion

307
 c) contrast - addition
d) conclusion – result
30) (AFA 2012) Mark the option that correctly substitutes the
expression rather than (line 01).
Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious
practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world.
a) Instead of.
b) As well as.
c) Aside from.
d) In addition to.
31) (AFA 2014) In the sentence “for the last three decades”
(lines 73 and 74), the underlined item was used in the same
way as in
The fact that some industries have been safe from
automation for the last three decades doesn't guarantee that
they'll be safe for the next one.
a) “[...] killing jobs — from tailors to paralegals — for
centuries.” (lines 6 and 7)
b) “[...] people responsible for our safety [...]” (line 25)
c) “[...] caring for other humans.” (lines 66 and 67)
d) “[...] opportunities for human creativity.” (lines 68 and
69)
32) (AFA 2015) “This does not mean that they are not able to
form friendships, however” (lines 80-81). The option that
replaces the highlighted expression is
a) so.
b) though.
c) thus.
d) most likely.
33) (AFA 2015) “Nonetheless we all have every single type in
our lives” (lines 95-96). The option that contains a
synonym for the underlined expression is
a) nevertheless.
b) due to.
c) therefore.
d) although.
34) (AFA 2017) Mark the option which best shows the
meaning of the highlighted expression in “deforestation of
tropical forest due to human pressure” (line 42).
a) Owed by.
b) Arranged for.
c) Caused by.
d) Deserved by.
35) (AFA 2021) Therefore (line 51) is closest in meaning to
Therefore, rather than knowingly making the wrong choice
just to conform to peer pressure, the influence of others
may actually change what we see as the correct choice in
the moment and remember as the right thing after the fact.
a) nevertheless. (line 2)
b) however. (line 22)
c) thus. (line 41)
d) furthermore. (line 64)
36) (AFA 2021) Mark the option in which the passage
expresses a condition.
a) From a perceptual standpoint […] (line 36)
b) Unless you are in an emergency situation […] (lines 77
and 78)
c) Rather than knowingly making the wrong choice […]
(lines 51 and 52)
d) Furthermore, pro-social and altruistic behaviors can be
influenced […] (lines 64 and 65)
308
37) (EFOMM 2011) Indicate in which of the sentences below
the subordinator “although” can ben used:
a) I don’t like him; _______________, I agree that he’s a
good manager.
b) ___________, the rain, my cousins went to a party last
night.
c) The police, _________, did not believe him.
d) ___________ unhappy, Susan went out with him.
e) It is a bit late, ____________ I’d like to go out.
38) (EFOMM 2012) He says he’s not wealthy, and ______ he
owns a house at the beach and drives a BMW.
a) so
b) so that
c) because
d) unless
e) yet
39) (EFOMM 2014) Which conjunction correctly completes
the sentence?
“_________________ he left school at 16, he still managed
to become prime minister.”
a) Because
b) Even though
c) Provided that
d) So
e) Thus
40) (EFOMM 2017) In lines 53-55: “Locals in Raja Ampat say
that besides the damage to the reef, the accident has also
put a major strain on the local economy (...).”, the word in
bold is closest in meaning to
a) as soon as
b) instead of
c) in spite of
d) as long as
e) as well as
41) (EFOMM 2018) Choose the alternative that correctly
completes the blanks in the text below.
The Signal Box Inn
In the Cleethorpes region of Great Britain, there is a
very unusual signal box that is now used for something
completely different. The Signal Box Inn is a pub;_______
, at only 6m2 , it is in the Guinness Book of Records as the
smallest pub in the world, with room inside for only 6
people! _______it is very small, it serves 5 types of beer
and cider and some food. The best place to enjoy your drink
while you watch steam trains go by is in the pub’s beer
garden.
(Adapted from: Flash on English for Transport and
Logistics)
a) in fact – Although
b) however - Despite
c) therefore - Because
d) thus - As
e) otherwise -Once
42) (EFOMM 2018) Read the extract below and choose the
only sequence that can complete it.
The female voice.
The vast majority of projects in speech synthesis have
used male voices. The early synthesizers of the 1980s were
very limited in the kind of speech they could cope with.
The Haskins Laboratories Pattern Playback, for example,
could only produce a fundamental frequency of 120Hz.
______, very little information was available on the
 acoustics of female speech. ______ several efforts were 46) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternatives below
made to produce female-sounding speech, none of them completes the sentence correctly?
was convincing.______, since the 1980s, the use of more The receptionist allowes Mary into the concert hall _____
sophisticated acoustic analyses and equipment has led to (1) she was late.
the synthesis of several utterances with an acceptable a) however
female quality. b) still
(Adapted from: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language) c) yet
a) Even though / Also / Thus d) in spite of
b) Therefore / Because / But e) although
c) However / Once / In addition 47) (Escola Naval 2012) Which sequence best completes the
d) As much as / As long as / Otherwise sentence below?
e) Moreover / Although / However The little girl wouldn't go into the sea (1)____ her mother
43) (EFOMM 2019) Choose the correct option to complete the did so, too.
paragraph below. a) except for
Is an autonomous ship a 'ship' in the eyes of the law? b) unless
Different defmitions of 'ship' appear in different statutes c) also
and conventions, and it has often fallen to judges to decide d) if not
if a floating object is, or is not, a 'ship'. ______________ , e) but also
none of the defmitions of'ship' requires that the floating 48) (Escola Naval 2013) What does the word "thus" mean in
object be manned, generally simply requiring that it be used the following extract?
or be capable of being used in navigation. Whether this is "Reduced rainfall from forest cutting could dry up the
by remote control or fully autonomous would not appear to water that powers hydroelectric dams, thus slashing
be a problem in terms of the legal definition of a 'ship'. It Brazilian power - generating capacity by 40 percent by
appears probable,________________ , that autonomous midcentury."
ships are likely to fali within the legal definition of 'ship' a) Therefore.
and so will have to comply with the relevant laws and b) However.
conventions ______________ the laws themselves might c) Despite.
require some modification. d) Because of.
(Abridged from SEAWAYS -The International Journal o f e) In addition.
the Nautical Inslitute. Dec/2017) 49) (Escola Naval 2013) Which of the alternatives completes
a) Also / however / even so the sentence correctly?
b) Because / otherwise / anyhow (1) ____ he cannot afford a car, he rides a bicycle.
c) Moreover / instead / in addition a) Unless
d) Hence / as well / in spite of b) Whereas
e) However / therefore / although c) Though
44) (EFOMM 2020) Choose the option that correctly d) As
completes the sentences below, respectively: e) Although
I - The journey was quite quick _______ the road was clear. 50) (Escola Naval 2013) Which of the alternatives completes
II - The meeting has been canceled _______ the strike. the sentence correctly?
III - I drove at a steady 50 mph ________ save fuel. "Harry went to the office on Monday (1) ____ not feeling
IV- There's no reason _______ we shouldn't be friends. well."
V- _______ all her qualifications, she's useless at the job. a) Although
a) owing to / due to / otherwise / insofar as / to b) until
b) because of / in order that / provide that / unless / owing c) in spite of
to d) however
c) owing to / due to / therefore / for / in e) because
d) as / because / so as to / as of / in spite of 51) (Escola Naval 2014) Considering the text, which word can
e) because / owing to / so as to / why / for replace "despite" in this extract: "[...] despite my four years
45) (EFOMM 2021) “... and microplastics can also enter the of experience [...]"?
food chain as they are indigestible when swallowed.” In the “‘I quickly found out that I was lumped together with
excerpt from the text, the word in bold can be substituted recent college grads for entry-level positions, and that an
by: employee that had two years' experience at a job in a
a) provided similar industry was considered way more qualified than I
b) although was despite my four years as an officer in the army’,
c) unless Dumas said.”
d) since a) Whatever.
e) while b) Moreover.
c) Wherever.
d) In spite of.
e) However.

309
52) (Escola Naval 2014) Which of the alternatives completes
the sentence correctly?
The population must bear in mind that ____________
the UK has moved to a treatment phase for swine flu, it is
important that people all over the world continue to do
everything they can to stop the virus from spreading.
(Adapted from http://nhs.uk)
a) although
b) moreover
c) in spite of
d) however
e) In addition to
53) (Escola Naval 2016) Which of the options completes the
sentence correctly?
Surveys have found that even though 80% of smokers
would like to quit smoking, less than five percent are able
to quit on their own ______ the highly addictive properties
of nicotine.
(http://www.spine-health.com/we11ness/stop-smoking)
a) because
b) due to
c) moreover
d) however
e) instead of
54) (Escola Naval 2017) Which option completes the first
paragraph of the text correctly?
“I’ve known a lot of athletes who qualified for the Olympic
Games ______ injuries. But I know of only one who
qualified because of an injury."
a) as if
b) despite
c) instead of
d) however
e) moreover
55) (Escola Naval 2019) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
The power of a thank-you note
Thank-you notes might seem old-fashioned ________
there's plenty of value to be found in the tradition.
________ a study by Accountemps, just 24% of job
applicants send thank-you notes after interviews -
________ 80% of hiring managers who receive them say
they are useful in evaluating the potential of applicants.
Proponents of thank-you notes say they are an inexpensive
way to strengthen a relationship ________ show the
applicant cares about the job.
(Adapted from https://www.linkedin.com)
a) but / According to / but / and
b) and / Because of / because / but
c) so / According to / so / because
d) so / In addition to/ but / because
e) but / Because of / because / and
56) (ITA 2013) 9. Assinale a opção cuja reescrita não altera o
sentido de: “Though all identities are confidential, it was
recently discovered that John F. Kennedy was a sample
participant.” (linha 5)
a) John F. Kennedy was a sample participant, although
nobody knew that.
b) In spite of being a sample participant, John F.
Kennedy’s identity was never discovered.
c) The study was confidential, thus the participation of
John F. Kennedy was never discovered.
310
d) Besides being a confidential study, John F. Kennedy
said he used to be a participant.
e) In spite of the fact that all identities are kept
confidential, it was recently found out that John F.
Kennedy was a sample participant.
57) (ITA 2014) Marque a opção que pode substituir “due to”
sem alterar o sentido do período.
a) by means of
b) in case of
c) in spite of
d) instead of
e) because of
58) (ITA 2016) Marque a opção que substitui o trecho
sublinhado, mantendo o mesmo sentido.
“Despite their impressive resumes, the five men have just
completed a four-week boot camp covering everything
from term sheets, [...]”
a) Once they have impressive resumes,
b) Besides they have impressive resumes,
c) Since their impressive resumes,
d) Because of their impressive resumes,
e) Although they have impressive resumes,
Texto para as questões 59 e 60
WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND
ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY
THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment
proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs
who write them plays an important but often hidden role in
shaping who is awarded funding and why.[…] We were given
access to government venture capital decision making meetings
in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that
VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out:
The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs
was radically different. And these differences have very real
consequences for those seeking funding — and for society in
general.
[…] Worldwide, government venture capital is important
for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting
innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are
not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment
of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of
the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central in
government VCs’ decision making.
In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and
run by women, although they are not granted a corresponding
proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned
businesses receive much less — only 13%–18%, the rest going
to male-owned companies.
This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we
were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-
making meetings and, more important, the conversations they
had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. […] We
observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99
(79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from
female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture
capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women
and five men. […]
Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically
produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities
opposite to those considered important to being an
entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility,
trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge.
Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers
leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their
entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly
described as being assertive, innovative, competent,
experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks.
We developed male and female entrepreneur personas
based on our findings […]. These personas highlight a few key
differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending
on their gender. Men were characterized as having
entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for
women was diminished. Many of the young men and women
were described as being young, though youth for men was
viewed as promising, while young women were considered
inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience and
excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional
shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very
differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur.
Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a
role in who got funding and who didn’t. Women entrepreneurs
were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for
amount, whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they
asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their
applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. […]
Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution
of financing, but could also have other major consequences.
Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax
money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isn’t being
invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isn’t
only damaging for women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially
damaging for society as a whole.
59) (ITA 2017) A expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna
pode ser substituída pela expressão na segunda coluna em
todas as opções, EXCETO em
a) Although they are not granted... (linha 19) → even
though
b) Aside from a few exceptions, (linha 34) → apart from
c) Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, (linha
39) → likewise
d) Whereas men received, on average, (linha 60) → while
e) Because the purpose of government venture capital is…
(linha 66) → considering that
60) (ITA 12 2017) Na sentença "Men were characterized as
having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
potential for women was diminished", indique a expressão
que pode substituir while mantendo o significado e a
correção gramatical
a) yet
311
b) so long as
c) despite
d) but that
e) since
61) (ITA 2017) Marque a opção que preenche, correta e
respectivamente, as lacunas I, II, III e IV inseridas no texto.
AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS,
FICTION AND CONTROVERSY
Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a
theme of science fiction. __________(I) advances in neural
sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may
consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of
a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches
offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain
functions,__________(II) for mood and emotions. Such
enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using
brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug
delivery,__________(III) employing brain-machine
interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas.
In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically
evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation,
introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of
brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as
candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists
from different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to
systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural
engineering. The work can be experimental or
computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and
ethical issues are __________(IV) welcome.
While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the
authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies
address the announced theme of brain augmentation.
Important Note: All contributions to this Research
Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to
which they are submitted, as defined in their mission
statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-
scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at
any stage of peer review.
a) Due to, as well as, by, also
b) Because, and, through, too
c) Owing to, including, beyond, moreover
d) In view of, plus, over, additionally
e) Thanks to, together with, by way, likewise
62) (ITA 2018) Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir ‘as’
na sentença “As Jacques Peretti argued in his film The Men
Who Made Us Fat, food companies have invested heavily
in designing products [...]” (linhas 19-20) mantendo o
mesmo sentido do texto e a correção gramatical.
a) In line with what
b) In contempt of
c) During the time
d) Considering that
e) Despite the fact that
63) (ITA 2019) No trecho “but rather, to language itself”, o
termo rather pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido,
por
“The victory is attributed not to individual rebels or to The
Brotherhood, an anonymous resistance group, but rather to
language itself.”
a) to some extent.
b) on behalf of.
c) instead of.
 d) in support of.
e) more exactly.
64) (ITA 2019) No trecho: “it’s not just democracy that is at
risk, but also the economy”, a expressão sublinhada
expressa uma ideia de
“Of course, it’s not just democracy that is at risk, but also
the economy, the legal system and even individuals
themselves.”
a) oposição.
b) concessão.
c) concordância.
d) adição.
e) contraste.
65) (ITA 2021) O termo “moreover”, destacado em itálico no
excerto do segundo parágrafo, “Moreover, the failure to
address the unavoidability of stupidity leads political theory
to the failure”, pode ser substituído, sem prejuízo de
significado, por
a) furthermore.
b) although.
c) nevertheless.
d) unlikely.
e) even though.
66) (ITA 2021) O termo “albeit”, destacado em itálico no
excerto do primeiro parágrafo, “both canonized Dutch
literary figures albeit of very divergent genres”, tem sentido
equivalente a
a) meanwhile.
b) despite.
c) whereas.
d) indeed.
e) through.
Texto para as questões 67 e 68
Since the early 1990s, an interesting phenomenon has emerged
in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus – some states that, despite
having their own government and state apparatus, lack
international recognition. Even today, the struggle of these
unrecognised states remains widely unknown. While these
states have been the focus of much academic study, their very
existence is often neglected by both the international
community and societies in the West. In parallel, there exist in
Eastern Europe and the Caucasus distinct peoples who have
neither acquired recognised statehood nor any significant
representation within their own countries – they are the so-
called unrepresented peoples.
Today, the territory of the former Soviet Union in Eastern
Europe and the Caucasus is somewhat unique for its relatively
high concentration of unrecognised states and unrepresented
peoples. Each of them has varying degrees of independence
and autonomy. Some have de facto statehood, whereas others
are distinct peoples with little to no representation or territorial
autonomy. Although different, these peoples seem to have one
common goal – self-determination.
The benefits of recognised statehood are numerous and often
taken for granted – countries have access to various forms of
international funding, for example from the World Bank and
the International Monetary Fund (IMF); their citizens can
travel, assured that their passports will be accepted in another
country; and they have a voice at international forums like the
United Nations (UN), which can be an opportunity to influence
international outcomes in their favour. Unrecognised states, on
the other hand, are isolated internationally and can be forced to
312
rely upon a patron state which offers them all kinds of help in
exchange for their allegiance. This dependency on a patron-
client relationship can lead to the client state being used as a
political tool by its patron.
One key issue facing most unrecognised states is the restriction
on movement imposed on their people. Because their de facto
nationality is not recognised internationally, their locally-
issued passports or travel documents are not considered valid
for travel or entry into another country. The only way for them
to travel abroad is to receive a passport from a neighbouring
country, or to travel to the few countries that do recognise
them. It happens that some people living in de facto states are
entitled to other citizenships. In addition to unrecognised states,
there also exists a number of unrepresented peoples – that is,
distinct ethnic and linguistic groups that enjoy little or no
representation both internationally and domestically. These
peoples struggle even more for self-determination since they do
not have their own autonomous territory. They find themselves
even more vulnerable and are often at best ignored, or worse
persecuted.
Fonte: What does it mean to be unrecognised and
unrepresented? https://unpo.org/article/21947. Adaptado. Data
de acesso: 07/08/2022.
67) (ITA 2022) O termo “Although”, destacado em itálico
sublinhado no excerto do segundo parágrafo: “Although
different, these peoples seem to have one common goal”,
expressa ideia de
a) dessemelhança.
b) alternância.
c) similaridade.
d) contraste.
e) decorrência.
68) (ITA 2022) O termo “whereas”, destacado em itálico
sublinhado no excerto do segundo parágrafo: “whereas
others are distinct peoples”, pode ser substituído, sem
prejuízo de sentido, por
a) meanwhile.
b) while.
c) wheresoever.
d) thereby.
e) henceforth.
 Gabarito 62) A
1) D 63) E
2) C 64) D
3) D 65) A
4) D 66) B
5) A 67) D
6) B 68) B
7) C
8) A
9) A
10) B
11) B
12) A
13) D
14) D
15) B
16) A
17) C
18) A
19) A
20) D
21) E
22) E
23) C
24) B
25) A
26) E
27) A
28) B
29) A
30) A
31) A
32) B
33) A
34) C
35) C
36) B
37) D
38) E
39) B
40) E
41) A
42) E
43) E
44) E
45) D
46) E
47) B
48) A
49) D
50) C
51) D
52) A
53) B
54) B
55) A
56) E
57) E
58) E
59) C
60) A
61) A

313
 Preposições – Prepositions 4) (EAM 2021) Which option completes the sentence below
correctly?
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Complete the paragraph with a
Our founder made the decision to close ______ Sundays
proper preposition.
I’m Hannah and I work _______ an Office in London. _______ 1946, When he opened his first restaurant in
During the week, I get up_______six-thirty. I go_______ Hapeville, Georgia.
work by subway, but_______Sundays I like waking up (Adapted from
late because I don’t work_______weekends. <https://www.chanhassenchfa.com/sundays>)
Choose the right option to fill in the gaps with the correct a) at/ at
prepositions. b) in/ in
a) in / at / to / on / on c) on/ on
b) at / at / to / in / at d) in/ on
c) on / about / at / at / on e) on/ in
d) at / about / at / on / at 5) (EsSA 2022) Preencha o espaço em branco com a única
e) in /about / to / in / at preposição correta.
2) (Colégio Naval 2020) Mark the option that best completes Fair Play
gaps I, li and lii in the text with the right preposition. “Hey, break the rules again and you are _____ of the
Meanwhile Giorgio Armanì's fashion show, scheduled game”, said the referee to the soccer player.”
to be held _______ (I) Milan _______ (II) Sunday, went “Sorry, Sir”, said the soccer player. “It won’t happen
ahead but without any media or buyers present. The show again.”
was livestreamed _______ (III) its website, lnstagram and a) out
Facebook pages. b) at
Adapted from: https://www. b be. com/news/world- c) off
europe51602007 d) with
a) on / in / at e) along
b) In / on / on 6) (EEAr 1. 2016) Choose the alternative that best completes
c) at / of / in the sentence below.
d) on / on / on I stayed in London ___ a few days during my vacation. I
e) in / on / of came back to Brazil ___ May 1st.
3) (Colégio Naval 2021) Complete the gaps 1, 2 and 3 in the a) in – at
text, respectively, with the correct preposition and then, b) for – in
mark the correct option. c) in – on
There are no excuses for racism. d) for – on
Racism takes many forms and can happen 1_______ many 7) (EEAr 2. 2016) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate
places. It includes prejudice, discrimination or hatred prepositions to complete the text.
directed at someone because of their colour, ethnicity or Part of New Bicycle Path Collapses in Rio de Janeiro
national origin. Leaving Two Deaths
People often associate racism with acts of abuse ar The Rio Fire Department says two people died __
harassment. However, it doesn't need to involve violent or Thursday, April 21, after a part __ the recently inaugurated
intimidating behaviour. Take racial name-calling and jokes. bicycle path on Niemeyer avenue, __ the south zone of Rio
Or consider situations when people may be excluded from de Janeiro.
groups or activities because of where they come 2 The path was named after Brazilian singer Tim Maia
________. and is located between Niemeyer avenue and a cliff,
Racism can be revealed through people's actions as well as hanging over the sea.
their attitudes. It can also be reflected in systems and The path is a connection between Leblon beach and São
institutions. But sometimes it may not be revealed at all. Conrado, both in the city’s south zone. The bike path was
Not ali racism is obvious. For example, someone may look inaugurated earlier this year, on January 17, and cost R$
3
_________ a list of job applicants and decide not to 44,7 million.
interview people with certain surnames. Glossary
Racism is more than just words, beliefs and actions. It Hanging over – suspenso sobre
includes all the barriers that prevent people from enjoying a) in – on – of
dignity and equality because of their mace. b) on – of – in
<https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race- c) of – in – on
discrimination/what-racism> d) in – of – on
a) On / for / at 8) (EEAr 1. 2017) Air Travel
b) Into / of / through Air travel has changed the way we see the world,
c) With / from / to making our planet feel that much smaller. Depending on
d) Onto / at / for departure and arrival destinations, you can go _____ coast
e) In / from / through _____ coast in mere hours or travel across seas in less than
10 hours. Complaints aside, flying is the quickest, safest,
and most convenient way to travel.
The U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of
Transportation Statistics reported a total of 812, 914, 960

314
 passengers on domestic, international, or combined flights
in 2012. This was also the safest year on record, with the
aviation industry boasting a record low accident rate,
according to the International Air Transport Administration.
Adapted from: http://weather.com/travel
Fill in the blank with the suitable prepositions.
a) from / from
b) from / to
c) at / from
d) to / from
9) (EEAr 2. 2017) Choose the best alternative to complete the
blank in the text.
The pilot of a Beech Baron airplane noticed that one of his
engines was on fire. He contacted the nearest air traffic
control center to ask for help.
The voice __________ the radio answered, “This is the
Control Tower. “Please inform your altitude”.
The pilot replied, “We are at 30,000 feet”.
a) on
b) for
c) into
d) until
10) (EEAr 1. 2018) Fill in the blanks with the option that best
completes the text
Illegal levels of arsenic and mercury polluted a river in the
days after a dam burst at an iron ore mine this month
__________ Brazil’s worst environmental disaster,
according to tests by a state water agency, the Institute for
Water Management in Minas Gerais. The agency found
arsenic levels more than 10 times above the legal limit in
one place __________ the river, the Rio Doce, after the
dam burst on Nov. 5, killing at least 13 people. Mercury
slightly above the permitted level was also found in one
area. Samarco, the mine operator, and its co-owners, BHP
Billiton and Vale, have repeatedly said that the water and
mineral waste unleashed by the dam burst were not toxic.
On Wednesday, the United Nations human rights agency
said “new evidence” showed that the mud dumped by the
flood “contained high levels of toxic heavy metals and
other chemicals.”
(Adopted from www.nytimes.com)
a) over / in
b) in / along
c) at / along
d) on / across
11) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the best alternative to complete the
text.
Across the Atlantic!
_____ Monday May 24, 1976, two Concorde jets crossed
the Atlantic ocean _____ three hours and fifty minutes. The
planes took off and landed _____ the same time.
a) in / on / at
b) on / in / at
c) at / on / in
d) on / from / in
315
12) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016)
Throughout history, butterflies have been seen as symbols
of many things - not only transformation and purity, but
also death and sin. Today though, scientists study them to
see what they can tell us about our changing planet, writes
Mary Colwell.
The underlined word in line 1 can be replaced by only one
of the words below. Choose the right alternative.
a) Since
b) Below
c) Before
d) Through
13) (EEAr 1. 2022) Choose the correct preposition to complete
the sentence: “I study English ________ Mondays.”
a) for
b) on
c) in
d) at
14) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that completes the
text.
Suggestion boxes
David Nunan
It may not be a high-tech device, but the suggestion box
has probably done more to boost corporate efficiency over
the years ________ even the most powerful computer.
Suggestion boxes allow workers to recommend ways of
making their jobs easier and offer employers the chance to
save money - or make even more.
a) of
b) into
c) than
d) across
15) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Complete the sentence with the
correct response.
Frida Kahlo, a master ____the art of surrealism, is
_____ icon of Mexican popular culture.
a) from – the
b) to – the
c) by – an
d) of – an
16) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Which word, in bold in the text,
means approximately?
Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And
Landing Private Jet
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying?
Here’s a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a
European Space Agency (ESA) business incubator center in
Bavaria – released an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater
plane called Lilium that’s currently in the works. With a top
speed of 250 mph and a range of 300 miles, the plane can
travel roughly between Munich and Berlin in about 90
minutes. And according to the ESA, if testing succeeds, this
will be the world’s first vertical takeoff and landing private
jet.
The project came about when Daniel Wiegand – one of the
four founders of Lilium – wanted to realize flying for the
masses in a fast, inexpensive, efficient and eco-friendly
way. ‘Our goal is to develop an aircraft that doesn’t need
the complex and expensive infrastructure of an airport, can
be used close to urban areas, and doesn’t produce too much
noise and pollution,’ he said. So to produce this new class
of airplanes that could take off and land vertically anywhere
 with a surface area of 250 square feet by 2018, Wiegand
and his team in Germany came up with a design using
electric engines and incorporated movable fan turbines.
Fonte: www.forbes.com
GLOSSARY
glimpse – uma ideia para entender melhor algo
a) by
b) about
c) close to
d) between
17) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) Choose the best prepositions to have
the text completed correctly.
Hawaii’ volcano
Caleb Jones and Andrey Mac Aroy
Kilawea began erupting more than two weeks ago. It has
burned dozens of homes, forced people to escape ______
smoke and fire and led officials to distribute face masks to
protect against ash particles. Lava flying ______ the air
from cracks in the earth can weigh as much as a refrigerator
and even small pieces can be lethal. The lava streamed
______ a highway and flowed ______ the ocean. That sent
hydrochloric acid with fine glass particles into the air, a
process that can lead to lung demage and eye and skin
irritation. The highway was closed in some places, and
residents in the area have been evacuated.
Adapted from http://apnews.com; May 20, 2018
a) from/ through/ across/ into
b) from/ into/ across/ through
c) into/ across/ through/ from
d) across/ into/ through/ from
18) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Complete the following sentences
with the correct prepositions.
I’m not in the mood ____ pizza tonight.
I was just thinking _____ our last trip.
Carrying a pet into the cabin of an airplane is safer than
putting it ____ the cargo hold.
a) for – about – into
b) to – about – on
c) for – in – on
d) to – on – in
19) (EsPCEx 2018) Choose the alternative containing the
correct words to respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3).
Many graduates earn ‘paltry returns’ for their degree
Mr Halfon, a former skills minister, stated in his speech
that the nation has “become obsessed ______(1) full
academic degrees”.
“There are skills shortages in several sectors. And there
are millions ______(2) people who want to get on in life –
preferably without spending £50,000 on academic degrees,”
he added.
Many universities specialise in fields such ______(3)
the arts, the creative industries, nursing and public sector
professions that, despite making an essential contribution to
society and the economy, pay less on average.”
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-
42923529
a) at, of, to
b) to, on, a
c) by, on, that
d) in, with, an
e) with, of, as
316
20) (EsPCEx 2019) Choose the alternative containing the
correct words to respectively complete gaps (1) and (2).
Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream
penitential system to a facility run ______(1) the
Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts
(APAC) in the town of Itaúna, in Minas Gerais state.
Inmates are known as recuperandos (recovering people),
reflecting the APAC focus ______(2) restorative justice and
rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in
collaboration with the local community.
a) to, in
b) in, of
c) at, on
d) by, from
e) by, on
21) (EsPCEx 2021) Choose the alternative that correctly
substitutes next to in the sentence “...about the rules when
sitting next to the emergency exit…” (paragraph 2).
a) across
b) on
c) under
d) over
e) beside
22) (EsPCEx 2022) Choose the alternative with prepositions
that respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the
correct way.
Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will
be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see
very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and
stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one
they look (1)________ the mirror.
I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside
people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at
school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends.
It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin.
You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how
much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they
are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract
them.
If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an
internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself
advice that you would give your best friend in that
situation. If you’re worrying about not being good
(2)________ something, what would you say to your best
friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would
be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe
(3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you
can do it for yourself.
Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.
a) on, in, on
b) in, at, at
c) at, at, on
d) on, in, in
e) in, at, in
23) (AFA 2011) Choose the correct prepositions to fill in the
gaps above.
Twilight
Twilight is a 2008 American romantic vampire film
based ___ Stephenie Meyer’s popular novel of the same
name. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series.
This film focuses on the development of the relationship
between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen (a vampire), and
the subsequent efforts of Cullen and his family to keep
Swan safe ___ a coven of evil vampires.
The project was in development for approximately 3
years ___ Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen
adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was
written. Principal photography took 44 days and the film
was primarily shot in Oregon.
Twilight was theatrically released ___ November 21
2010, grossing over US$392 million worldwide and
became the most purchased DVD of the year. The
soundtrack was released in the same year. Following the
success of the film, New Moon and Eclipse, the next two
novels in the series, were produced as films the following
year.
Adapted from Wikipedia
a) of – off – at – in
b) about – to – over – at
c) under – for – off – in
d) on – from – at – on
24) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the alternative in which the
preposition is used correctly:
a) We’re booked on flight 607.
b) When did you arrive to new Zealand?
c) He wrote the book in a month’s time.
d) That’s mine. I saw it at first.
e) She is arriving in the 3:30 train.
25) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the option in which the
prepositions complete the verb phrases, respectively:
1. The problem stems __________ the government’s lack
of action.
2. When I asked Jean, she hinted ________ the chance of a
promotion for me.
3. The salesman was responsible ________ the accident.
4. Please, refrain _________smoking in the lecture lounge.
5. I can’t stand the way she is always boasting _______ her
wealthy parents.
a) of/ at / for / with.
b) from / at / for / of / about
c) of / for / in / from / with
d) of / for / in / of / with
e) from / at / for / from / about
26) (EFOMM 2013) The blanks of this excerpt can be
adequately filled by:
‘Navigation , derived ________ the Latin words “navis”
(meaning “ship”) and “agere” (meaning “to drive”) is the
process of accurately determining the position and
controlling of a craft or vehicle _________ a desired
course. This is accomplished ______ finding the
navigator’s position compared ________ known locations
or patterns (…)’. (MarineLink.com – Maritime Reporter
and MarineNews magazines online)
a) from – towards – by – with
b) from – along – on – with
c) of – along - on – to
317
d) of – towards- by – to
e) from – along – by – to
27) (EFOMM 2014) Which sequence completes the text
below?
"I cannot understand why the Spring is so late _______
coming," said the Selfish Giant, as he sat _______ the
window and looked ________ ______ this cold white
garden; "I hope there will be a change ______ the weather."
(Adapted from The Selfish Giant by Oscar Wilde)
a) in – at – out – in – of
b) in – on – at – out – in
c) for – by – out – on – of
d) in – at – out – at – in
e) for – by – at – out – in
28) (EFOMM 2015) Complete the passage below with the
correct word. Then choose the correct alternative.
I. I was shocked _______ her behavior.
II. The man is known ______ the police.
III. We’re worried _______ the future.
IV. The mountains are covered ______ snow.
V. Everybody’s annoyed ______ you.
a) I. at – II. to – III. about – IV. with – V. with
b) I. to – II. on – III. of – IV. in – V. with
c) I. with – II. for – III. with – IV. in – V. with
d) I. about – II. in – III. for – IV. with – V. on
e) I. for – II. to – III. with – IV. in – V. by
29) (EFOMM 2016) Which option is correct?
She was afflicted ______ severe asthma.
a) to
b) by
c) of
d) with
e) at
30) (EFOMM 2016) Which sequence completes the text
below?
“The profile of the global maritime industry encompasses a
significant variation ____ cultural diversity. More
pointedly, a culturally diverse milieu ____ officers and
ratings is becoming more of the norm ____ contemporary
maritime shipping ventures. Unlike the planned
cohabitation of mixed cultures that were known to be
tolerant and compatible ____ each other, the current mixing
of diverse nationalities on board merchant cargo vessels
appears to be occurring at an unprecedented rate. This
recent trend is partially explained ____ the larger
percentage of mixed crew ____ foreign flagged ships.
Regardless of the causes, however, there can be no doubt
that the maritime environment has become multi-cultured,
dynamic, fast paced and laden with liability.”
(PROGOULAKI, Maria; POTOKER, Elaine; PARSONS,
James. An international survey on crosscultural competency
for maritime professionals through education and training .
IAME 2013 Conference, July 3-5 - Marseille, France Paper
ID 248, p.2)
a) of / of / in / with / in / at
b) of / of / for / of / by / on
c) in / about / of / with / for / in
d) in / about / of / of / by / in
e) on / on/ for / with / on / on
31) (EFOMM 2017) Which alternative is correct?
a) Can you translate this in Chinese?
b) I broke it into half.
c) Cut the onion into small pieces.
d) The ball rolled slowly in the goal.
e) He sat down into the armchair, and I sat down onto the
floor.
32) (EFOMM 2018) Which is the correct way to complete the
sentences below?
1. They insisted______making their child learn a foreign
language.
2. He was never rude______any of his numerous
subordinates.
3. I depend_____my parents help in order to pay the rent.
4. As a teenager, she used to be interested______ jazz.
a) in / at / of / in
b) on / with / of / on
c) in / with / in / of
d) to / to / on / on
e) on / to / on / in
33) (EFOMM 2019) Choose the correct altemative to complete
the excerpt below.
“I agonized _______ whether I wanted to splurge _____a
private tour and have a little more autonomy ______ where
we went and how long we spent ______ each place, but
ultimately went _______ a Gamma Travei group tour.”
(Abridged from:
https://www.businessinsider.com.au/visitingchemobyl-
after-the-n...)
a) on / at / on / at / in
b) about / in / in / in / on
c) over / on / over / at / with
d) in / over / - / in / on
e) - / about / - / in / with
34) (EFOMM 2019) Choose the correct option to complete the
sentences below.
I. She congratulated me ______passing the driving test.
II. My parents discouraged me _____ quitting my job.
III. She got married______a foreigner.
IV. Many young people dream______living abroad.
V. The mayor was forced to resign ______ his position.
a) for / from / with /about / of
b) for / for / with / about / of
c) on / from / to / of / from
d) on / from / to / with / from
e) by / of / to / with / from
35) (EFOMM 2020) Choose the correct alternative to complete
the paragraph below.
Charter, Sail, Repeat: new ventures and old favorites in
the Greek Isles
By Zuzana Prochazka
On our first day, we sailed southwest nearly 50 miles
011 a nice beam reach, winding through Kolpos Idras, or
the Hydra Gulf. By the end, we were running out ______
daylight, so we pulled ___ the miniscule harbor on Spetses
Island. I read the guides twice, but the most I got was a
warning about tl1e inner harbor being only 4ft deep, which
made me suck in my stomach as we crept in. The harbor
turned ______ to be a mix of private yachts, commercial
boats and fishing craft, and as we were looking round I
happened to notice black clouds _____ the horizon. The
wind was also now picking _______, so out we went again,
318
making a U-turn back to the bay to drop anchor with the
other cruisers who'd opted to skip the draft headaches. We
made it just before the gale overtook us.
(Adapted from: Sail Magazine,March 2020).
a) of / into / out / on / up
b) towards / over / up / along / over
c) off / along / into / at / out
d) from / on / off / in / on
e) to / in / along / over / off
36) (EFOMM 2021) Mark the option that completes the blank
spaces,in paragraph six, in the text above.
I- __________ my experience as a Captain, your crew
is your first line II- ____________ defence III-
____________any major incident. As soon as something
goes awry, they burst IV- _____________ action, they're
trained to do so, it's instinctive. I have no doubt, everyone
aboard the Ever Given did everything V- _________ their
power to protect that ship and avoid a major incident, but
some things are VI- __________your control. In reality,
they will never be praised for saving the ship, only
criticised for grounding it.
a) I - In / II -of / III - for/ IV- in / V - at / VI – under
b) I - In / Il - for / II - under / IV - into/ V - in / VI – at
c) I - Under / II - of / III - agaist / IV- in / V- above / VI –
beyond
d) I - From / II - of / III - from / IV- over / IV - into / V -
over / VI – under
e) I - From / II - of / III - against / IV - into / V- in /VI-
beyond
37) (EFOMM 2022) Mark the option with the correct sequence
to complete the previous excerpt.
Seafarers are being fired I. ________ II. ________ military
vessels, one seafarer has been killed, and others remain
trapped III. ________ the Sea of Azov and IV. ________
the Black Sea coast. Others have lost their jobs or cannot
access their salaries. Seafarers are suffering because of war.
They are V. ________ a precarious position yet again.
(Adapted from: https://www.globalmaritimeforum.org
news-war-in-uk.)
a) I – upon/ II – by/ III – in/ IV – along/ V – in
b) I – from/ II – in/ III – on/ IV – around/ V – on
c) I – in/ II – of/ III – at/ IV – over/ V – at
d) I – on/ II – from/ III – around/ IV – in/ V – on
e) I – of/ II – on/ III – by/ IV – under/ V – with
38) (EFOMM 2022) Choose the option that correctly
completes the blanks, respectively
I- Sarah wasn’t very polite _______ her new workmates.
II- I would like to talk to the woman dressed _______
yellow.
III- Up to two milion people there are dependent _______
food aid.
IV- James got a job and now he is independent _______ his
parents.
V- He must be disappointed _______ his exam results.
a) I- with/ II- with/ III- of/ IV- of/ V- at
b) I- with/ II- in/ III- of/ IV- from/ V- with
c) I- about/ II- with/ III- upon/ IV- to/ V- about
d) I- at/ II- on/ III- at/ IV- away/ V- with
e) I- to/ II- in/ III- on/ IV- of/ V- at
39) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternatives below d) In a movie theatre
completes the sentence correctly? e) In a library
The radio alarm clock went ___________ (1)at the same 45) (Escola Naval 2013) Which sequence best completes the
time as usual. text below
a) on "Derived (1)____ "vita," meaning life (2)____ Latin,
b) off vitamins are necessary to convert food (3)____ energy.
c) through When people don't get enough vitamins, they suffer
d) up diseases like scurvy and rickets. The question isn't whether
e) for people need vitamins. They do. The questions are how
40) (Escola Naval 2011) Which is the correct option to much do they need, and do they get enough (4)____
complete the sentence below? foods?"
I congratulated her __________ (1). (Adapted from http:// http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09)
a) for passing a) from - in - in – out
b) to passing b) of - in - into – of
c) for pass c) of - of - in – in
d) on passing d) of - of - in – out
e) on pass e) from - in - into – in
41) (Escola Naval 2012) In whichtwo sentences the verbs 46) (Escola Naval 2014) Which is the correct option to
are NOT followed by the correct preposition? complete the paragraph below?
(1) They had to leave to the party right after work. The construction of means to control maritime areas
(2) He's always dreaming with his ex-girlfriend. will focus __________ the strategic areas ________
(3) She strongly disagreed with him. maritime access ______ Brazil. Two Coastal areas will
(4) They had to apologize for being rude. continue to deserve special attention: the strip that goes
The correct answer is ________ Santos _________ Vitória, and the area around
a) 1 and 2 the mouth of the Amazon River.
b) 1 and 4 (Adapted from http://www.globalsecurity.org)
c) 2 and 3 a) on / of / in / to / in
d) 2 and 4 b) in / of / in / from / to
e) 1 and 3 c) on / from / in / to / from
42) (Escola Naval 2012) Which of the alternatives below d) on / of / to / from / to
correctly completes the sentence? e) in / from / to / to / in
What I like about Jenny is that she always comes (1) 47) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct option to
____with great ideas. complete this paragraph?
a) on We would like to invite you to participate __________
b) off a conference on the Contemplative Heart of Higher
c) through Education that will be held _______ Amherst College
d) up _____ April 24-26, 2009.
e) for This year1s conference will be the first to be sponsored
43) (Escola Naval 2012) Which sequence best completes the _______ the new Association for Contemplative Mind in
text below? Higher Education, which is affiliated with the Center
Months and years passed, and I grew more distant (1)___ for Contemplative Mind in Society. The conference will
each (2)____ my friends. Various people flew (3) _____ explore the special role that contemplative practices can
and (4) _____ of my life. I lost some friends to distance, play in cultivating those capacities of attention,
some to circumstance. Mostly, they just drifted away equanimity, wisdom and compassion that are central to the
(5)____ me, toward their own lives. A few of these people lives _____ our students and ourselves.
are still in my life, and I'm very lucky, because not (Adapted from
everyone still has a friend who knew them when they were http://www.internationalpeaceandconflict.org).
seventeen. a) In / at / in / for / in.
(Adapted from b) Of / on / in / of / from.
http://www.notmyshoes.net/monologues/rachei.html) c) In / at / on / by / of.
a) from - of - in – out - from d) Of / on / on / by / to.
b) than - of - out - in – of e) On / in / in / for / on.
c) of - from - in - out – to 48) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct option to
d) than - of - over - out – from complete the sentence below?
e) from - of - over - in - of 25 simple well-being tricks to health-proof your body
44) (Escola Naval 2013) Where do you think this conversation Let's be honest, we could all do with looking _________
takes place? ourselves better. And if you follow these simple well-being
Paul: I think we’ve passed the exit. tricks to health-proof your body, you'll soon feel the
Sam: Ok. Let’s change lanes and take the next exit. benefits.
a) At the airport Here are 25 instant body boosters from top to toe.
b) In a supermarket (http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/25-simple-health-
c) On a freeway tips-boost- 2305412)

319
 a) for
b) up
c) to
d) after
e) into
49) (Escola Naval 2016) Choose the correct option to complete
the text below.
International Congress
Join us _________our 2016 International Education
Conference _____________Orlando, at the Disney's
Boardwalk Inn! The Boardwalk is located within the Walt
Disney World Resort and 10 minutes away ______ the
Epcot Theme Park. In addition to the Education
Conference, we are also hosting a Business Conference that
will be held on the same days, at the same venue.
(Abridged from http://www,eluteinstitute.com/education-
conferences/)
a) in / in / at
b) on / in / under
c) at / at / under
d) at / in / from
e) in / at / from
50) (Escola Naval 2017) Which is the correct option to
complete the sentence below?
Abandoned dog now works at a petrol station
Buying petrol is generally a trivial activity. You fill______
your car, head into the shop, possibly pick______a KitKat
or motoring atlas, pay the cashier then set______for your
destination. Wouldn't the whole process be more enjoyable
if there was a dog to brighten up your visit?
(Adapted from http://www,telegraph,co.uk/pets/news-
features/dog-abandoned-petrol-station-now-works-petrol-
station/)
a) for / down / up
b) for / down / into
c) up / out / in
d) up / up / out
e) up / into / out
51) (Escola Naval 2017) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
If Brazilian industry is successful ______ producing
submarines and stealth corvettes, demand for Brazilian
military hardware will only grow (...). Of concern,
however, are Brazil's long-term intentions with
regard______ the construction of BNS Alvaro Alberto. (...)
It will be necessary to keep a very close e ye ______ the
Brazilian shipbuilding and nuclear industries in the 2030s,
especially as domestic demand for this class of vessel is
satisfied.
(https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=19043)
a) at / to / of
b) at / of / on
c) in / to / on
d) in / of / in
e) on / to / in
52) (Escola Naval 2018) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
Chock-a-block
Today, this adjective means ‘crammed full with people
or things' (the narrow roads are chock-a-block with
vehicles).
Chock derives ,_____ , chock-full, a Middle English
word______unknown origin meaning “very full’. It rhymes
nicely______the block in question, more fully known as a
pulley block, part______ a block and tackle. This is a
device much used______, boats and elsewhere to make
lifting heavy weights less demanding.
(https ://blog.oxforddictionaries.com)
a) of / with / for / of / in
b) of / of / for / in / on
c) from / with / with / from / in
d) from / with / to / of / for
e) from / of / with / of / on
53) (Escola Naval 2019) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
A lawyer I worked ________ told me he was impressed
because i wasn't afraid________ anything. I had no idea
what he was talking ________. I'm scared
________ everything.
(Adapted from www.hrexaminer.com)
a) with / of / to / to
b) at / from / about / with
c) with / of / about / of
d) at / for / with / with
e) with / for / with / of
54) (Escola Naval 2020) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
The Letter Always Wins
Somehow ______our several ways to contact a
company and complain _______ products (email, toll free
numbers, _______ person), the old-fashioned letter still
seems to win. Case in point. This week Smucker's Jam
agreed to replace two of my grandmother's Pineapple Jams
that she had ordered. She talked ______ them _____ the
phone and they apologized _____ the bad packaging. But it
was her letter that got her two free replacements.
(Adapted from <https://www.wisebread.com/the-
letteralways-wins>)
a) between / to / at / to / by / at
b) among / about / in / to / on / for
c) between / of / on / for / in / for
d) among / about / in / for / in / to
e) between / of / on / with / on / to
55) (Escola Naval 2021) Which option completes the text
below correctly?
Do you feel mentally drained out ________ office? Are
you constantly worried ________ meeting your deadline or
are unable ________ achieve your targets? All these can
lead _______ stress, a phenomenon faced ________ the
majority of the working population.
(https://www.thehealthsite.com)
a) after / with / of / to / for
b) after / about / to / to / by
c) before / with / of / from / with
d) before / of / to / from / by
e) during / about / of / to / for

320
 Gabarito
1) A
2) B
3) E
4) E
5) A
6) D
7) B
8) B
9) A
10) B
11) B
12) D
13) B
14) C
15) D
16) B
17) A
18) A
19) E
20) E
21) E
22) E
23) D
24) C
25) E
26) E
27) D
28) A
29) D
30) B
31) C
32) E
33) C
34) C
35) A
36) E
37) A
38) E
39) B
40) D
41) A
42) D
43) A
44) C
45) E
46) D
47) C
48) D
49) D
50) D
51) C
52) E
53) C
54) B
55) B

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 Verbos Modais – Modal Verbs and when to relax (l. 9 - 13), the underlined word can be
replaced, without changing the meaning, by
1) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the following sentence.
a) will.
“However, once quarantine started, I have felt way more
mentally exhausted because I can’t go out” b) can.
c) wouldn’t.
What’s the idea expressed by can’t in the sentence?
d) has to.
a) Ability
b) Prohibition 9) (EAM 2021) Read the sentences below.
c) Don’t need to Jane is a very good pianista. She can play the piano very
d) Obligation well
e) Possibility In the previous sentence, the modal verb can is used to
express:
2) (Colégio Naval 2022) Read the following sentence:
a) Prohibition
“(...) To transfer from one closed loop system to another
b) Ability
they must take designated trains, or travel on assigned
c) Permission
buses which will ply specific routes”
d) Order
What’s the idea expressed by must in the sentence?
e) Recommendation
a) Permission
10) (EEAr 1. 2016) In the sentence “We mustn’t enter the
b) Possibility
party. It’s private”, the modal verb in bold type expresses
c) Obligation
a) request
d) Probabillity
b) obligation
e) Suggestion
c) prohibition
3) (EPCAR 2014) In the sentence “Studies show that dancing
d) lack of ability
can improve your heart health [...]” (lines 6 and 7) the verb
11) (EEAr 2. 2016) The word “must”, in bold, in the text,
can expresses
indicate
a) ability.
b) possibility. Sam’s adventure
It’s a very hot Texas night; 35ºC! Sam can’t sleep. He’s
c) permission.
hot and he’s hungry. He goes to the kitchen. He cooks some
d) capacity.
4) (EPCAR 2015) “Cyberbullying is getting extremely fried bananas. But he forgets to turn off the gas. He leaves
popular because teens can stay anonymous” (lines 19-20). the kitchen and goes to the pool. His parents are asleep;
The underlined verb expresses they don’t know about his adventure.
a) possibility. He’s in the water-alone!
Mmm, It’s cool! Suddenly he gets cramp in his legs and
b) obligation.
he can’t swim. He looks at the house and it’s on fire. Sam’s
c) prohibition.
parents are in there and he must help them. He is desperate.
d) permission.
a) ability
5) (EPCAR 2017) Mark the option that can replace the
b) necessity
sentence below without changing its meaning.
c) permission
“It can't do anything else” (lines 38 and 39).
d) suggestion
a) It cannot do nothing else.
12) (EEAr 1. 2017) The modal verbs underlined in each
b) It can do nothing else.
sentence express:
c) It can't do something else.
1 – She might be at the party.
d) It can do anything else.
6) (EPCAR 2018) In the topic “Forced and early marriage” 2 – Can you drive a dump truck?
3 – He mustn’t sleep during the class.
(line 56), the modal verb can be replaced by ____ without
4 – You ought to learn Aviation English.
changing the meaning.
a) ability, possibility, advice, prohibition
“Forced and early marriage – when someone is married
b) possibility, ability, prohibition, advice
against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child
c) permission, possibility, request, wish
marriages can be considered slavery.”
d) ability, request, prohibition, offers
a) mustn’t
b) shouldn’t 13) (EEAr 2. 2017) In the sentence “It’s never too late to make
c) doesn’t have to changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying
d) doesn’t need to career”, the modal verb “may” expresses __________.
7) (EPCAR 2020) In “you don’t have to use your own name” a) ability
b) necessity
(lines 28 and 29), the underlined term shows that
c) deduction
a) you can choose not to do something.
d) possibility
b) an action is not permitted.
14) (EEAr 2. 2017) The word “can”, in bold in the text,
c) it is obligatory to do something.
expresses ________.
d) you do not have the ability to do something.
My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can
8) (EPCAR 12 2021) In the sentence A comprehensive
be completely honest, I hate Christmas.
answer to the question of whether video games are
a) quality
prejudicial must take into account other factors, and parents
b) permission
need to understand why kids play, as well as when to worry
c) prohibition

322
 d) importance 19) (EEAr 2. 2020) The modal verb CAN in “but we can stop
15) (EEAr 1. 2018) In the famous words by John Lennon: “You sharing it” conveys the idea of __________.
may say I’m a dreamer but I’m not the only one. I hope
someday you’ll join us and the world will be as one”, the
modal verb in bold indicates that:
a) He knew that he could dream about peace and try to
help everybody.
b) He understood that he could be seen as a dreamer.
c) He was not able to dream about peace and love.
d) He considered himself the only dreamer.
16) (EEAr 2. 2018) The sentence “You should sign up”, line 6,
expresses a) certainty
I first heard about a new website for people my age in 2004 b) obligation
when I was a freshman at Indiana University. I was chatting c) permission
with some friends on AOL Instant Messenger in my dorm d) possibility
room, at the start of a new semester. 20) (EEAr 1. 2021) The use of MIGHT in the comic strip
“Have you heard of The Facebook?” a couple of them implies the idea of
asked. “You should sign up. It’s this new site for college
kids.”
a) possibility.
b) deduction.
c) advice.
d) ability
17) (EEAr 1. 2019) The word “must” (line 6), underlined in the
text, is used to express: a) ability.
Grounding is a common form of punishment for young b) necessity.
people who disobey their parents. Grounding means that c) possibility.
they are not allowed to go out, after school or on weekends, d) recommendation.
for a certain period of time. This could be from one day to a 21) (EEAr 2. 2021) The modal verb “can’t” represents the idea
month or more, depending upon the gravity of the offense. of:
During that time, though, they must continue to go to
school, to work if they have a job, and do other errands
approved by their parents.
The term “grounding” is an aviation term. A plane is
grounded when it is not allowed to fly for any reason.
Similarly, pilots or other flying personnel are grounded
when they are not allowed to fly because of illness or for
disobeying the rules.
a) advice a) prohibition
b) possibility b) obligation
c) obligation c) future
d) lack of necessity d) advice
18) (EEAr 2. 2019) The modal verb CAN’T, bolded in the text 22) (EEAr 1. 2022) Match the columns according to the
means meaning of the modal verb in bold in each sentence below.
You shout it out 1 – Impossibility
But I can’t hear a word you say 2 – Possibility
I’m talking loud not saying much 3 – Prohibition
I’m criticized but all your bullets ricochet 4 – Advice
You shoot me down, but I get up ( ) Mark studied hard for his exams, but he got poor
I’m bulletproof nothing to lose marks; he can’t be very clever.
Fire away, fire away ( ) You should work less! You look too tired!
Ricochet, you take your aim ( ) She may be in the garden.
Fire away, fire away ( ) You mustn’t enter here.
You shoot me down but I won’t fall, I am titanium a) 1 - 4 - 3 - 2
You shoot me down but I won’t fall b) 4 - 2 - 3 - 1
I am titanium, I am titanium, I am titanium, I am titanium c) 1 - 4 - 2 – 3
a) inability. d) 4 - 3 - 2 – 1
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) prohibition.

323
23) (EEAr 2. 2022) Read the cartoon and, without changing the 28) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Choose the correct alternative that
meaning, choose the alternative that substitutes the modal shows a modal verb indicating an obligation.
verb CAN in “We can do something about the future”. a) Children can practice math during common activities
such as baking or dining.
b) They do not need to sit at the table and work with a
book.
c) Parents must be a substitute teacher.
d) It is not an easy task.
29) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) In the sentence “At some point, if
you want to tell a story about Paris, you have to choose an
angle”, the words “have to” could be substituted by:
a) can
b) must
c) could
d) should
30) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Choose the alternative that best
a) Is able to. replaces the word COULD without changing its meaning in
b) Are able to. “I could start avoiding it now”.
c) Is capable to. a) would be able to
d) Are allowed to. b) will probably
24) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) In the article, the word in bold type c) would can
(line 7) expresses d) should
The single-pilot plane could fly at an altitude of over 20 km 31) (EsPCEx 2022) According to the sentence “Cadets must
above the earth's surface. also recite poems from memory” (paragraph 2), it is correct
a) advice to say that cadets
b) ability a) can recite poems from memory if they want to.
c) request b) will recite poems from memory if they feel comfortable
d) preference to do it.
25) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) The Crab and His Mother c) have to recite poems from memory, even if they do not
Mamma Crab was talking to Baby Crab when she noticed want to.
that he was walking sideways. Mamma Crab said, ‘Why are d) should recite poems if they are able to.
you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk e) may recite poems from memory in case they are
straight.’ Baby Crab replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, allowed to.
and I’ll follow your example.’ 32) (AFA 2013) In the phrase “should be avoided” (line 5) the
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. modal verb expresses
She could not walk straight herself. Then, she saw how “The Ethics of War starts by assuming that war is a bad
foolish she had been to find fault with her child. thing, and should be avoided if possible, but it recognizes
‘could’, underlined in the fable, was used to that there can be situations when war may be the lesser evil
a) express prohibition. of several bad choices.”
b) refuse permission. a) a sense of obligation.
c) talk about ability. b) something that is probable.
d) give an order. c) confidence that something will happen.
26) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) The words underlined in the text d) the idea of what is right to do.
(lines 19 and 25) express, respectively 33) (AFA 2013) Mark the only sentence below that has the
Air traffic controllers' primary concern is safety, but they same function of the Modal verb in bold (line 6).
also must direct aircraft efficiently to minimize delays. “The Ethics of War starts by assuming that war is a bad
For example, a controller might direct one aircraft on its thing, and should be avoided if possible, but it recognizes
landing approach, while providing another aircraft with that there can be situations when war may be the lesser evil
weather information. of several bad choices.”
a) deduction – obligation a) ‘Children under 8 are not allowed to swim here’, the
b) obligation – deduction sign says.
c) obligation – possibility b) In UK, pubs must close at ten. It’s a rule.
d) deduction – possibility c) “May I have your attention?” The principal asked the
27) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) In “The crew did everything they students before the classes started.
could (...)”, the modal “could” is used to indicate d) My father said to me: “It can be dangerous, watch out!”
The crew did everything they could, including performing 34) (AFA 2020) In the sentence “the dangerous comets and
CPR with a doctor on board, but unfortunately the asteroids which might cross Earth’s orbit” (lines 39 and
passenger has passed away. 40), the underlined word is similar to
a) ability a) must.
b) obligation b) should.
c) permission c) could.
d) prohibition d) shall.

324
35) (EFOMM 2011) Match the following sentences with the
meaning expressed by the modal verb in each of them.
1. Rooms must be vacated by noon.
2. May I take a look at your newspaper?
3. John might have borrowed his partner’s computer.
4. If you are going to the forest, you ought to buy some
mosquito repellent.
5. You must be joking!
a) obligation / permission / possibility / advice / deduction
b) advice / ability / permission / ability / obligation
c) advice / permission / permission / advice / obligation
d) obligation / ability / possibility / obligation / deduction
e) deduction / ability / permission / advice / obligation
36) (EFOMM 2012) Were he not busy, he ________ your
cousin.
a) will accompany
b) can accompany
c) would accompany
d) had accompanied
e) should accompany
37) (EFOMM 2012) There was no one else at the box office. I
_______ in a queue.
a) needn’t wait
b) mustn’t wait
c) needn’t have waited
d) didn’t need to wait
e) must wait
38) (EFOMM 2013) Choose the correct alternative.
This is not installed correctly. They____________ my
instructions.
a) must misunderstand
b) must have misunderstood
c) should have misunderstood
d) should misunderstand
e) may understand
39) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the alternative that correctly
completes the sentences below.
1 - She ____ be married, she isn't old enough.
2 - Listen, children, you ____ finish the essay now if you
don't want to.
3 - The neighbors ______ be at home, I saw the light on in
their bedroom.
4 - You ___ take a taxi. There's a good bus service.
5 - Look at that sign. You _____ park here.
a) can- have to – can't - ought to – shouldn't
b) can't – should – don't have to – shouldn't – mustn't
c) isn't allowed to – ought to – don't have to – should –
don't have to
d) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't
allowed to
e) must – can't – have to – mustn't – don't have to
40) (EFOMM 2015) Complete the sentences with the correct
verb tenses.
1. Little ____________ how inconvenient he can be.
2. Not until she received the call _______________
relieved.
3. Not for one moment _____________ your honesty.
4. Under no circumstances _______________ class.
a) does he realize/ she had breathed/ would I doubt/ should
you miss.
b) does he realize/ did she breathe/ would I doubt/ should
you miss
325
c) he realizes/ did she breath/ I would doubt/ you should
miss
d) he will realize/ she breathed/ I would doubt/ should you
miss
e) he realized/ she would breathe/ would I doubt/ you
should miss
41) (EFOMM 2017) Mark the correct alternative.
a) We had better not to call him today.
b) I ought to read this book, oughtn’t I?
c) John is eighteen, so his sister must to be twenty.
d) I suggested she added this book to the list, and she
finally would.
e) Last year I lived with my boyfriend but I knew I can
live with my parents again at any time.
42) (EFOMM 2019) Which of the following sentences
expresses probability?
a) Angela is not as efficient as she ought to be.
b) People living in this area must be immunized.
c) You should drink at least 1 liter of water a day.
d) She left early, so she should be here at any time.
e) One mustn't smoke at hospitais or health centers.
43) (EFOMM 2020) In "Also, human error on the part of the
pilot of the tugboat can also lead to unwanted and
unexpected tugboat mishaps.", the word in bold expresses:
a) Obligation
b) Suggestion
c) Prohibition
d) Possibility
e) Permission
44) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternatives below
completes the sentence correctly?
(Airport Requirement) Passengers _________ (1) present
their valid travel documents and boarding pass at airport
security check and at the boarding gate in order to be
allowed to board the airplane.
a) can
b) may
c) should
d) must
e) might
45) (Escola Naval 2011) Choose the best sequence to complete
the blanks.
TIME ZONES AND UNIVERSAL TIME
Time _________ (1) in a number of ways. For instance, we
__________ (2) the passage of time via the orbital motion
of the Earth and other planets in the solar system
(Dynamical Time). The measure _________ (3) on the
rotation of the Earth on its axis with respect to the stars, as
well (Universal Time)
(Adapted from
http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/TimeZone.html)
a) can be measured - can measure – base
b) can measure - can measure - can base
c) can be measure - can be measured can be based
d) can measure - can measure - can base
e) can be measured can measure can be based
46) (Escola Naval 2011) Which alternative does not
express the same idea as "Always do right" in the sentence
below?
"Always do right. This will gratify people and astonish the
rest" (Mark Twain)
a) You should always do right.
 b) You can always do right.
c) You always have to do right.
d) You must always do right.
e) You always ought to do right.
47) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
"Lego releases a Star Wars themed animation in tribute
to Father's Day in the UK, 16 June, Lego depict how Darth
Vader and Luke Skywalker (1) ____ spend Father's Day,
assuming they have buried their long-running feud - a trip
to the theme park perhaps? Maybe a father-son fishing
outing or just a good old game of catch?"
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk)
a) might
b) have to
c) can't
d) must
e) had to
48) (Escola Naval 2014) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
China's recent rise has made people think that everyone
________ learn Mandarin. But China itself seems to have
caught the English bug. Some 175 million Chinese are now
studying English in the formal educational system.
(Adapted and abridged from Newsweek)
a) ought
b) must
c) mustn't
d) can't
e) needs
49) (Escola Naval 2014) In which alternative is the idea
expressed by the modal verb INCORRECTLY stated in
brackets?
a) In China, there might be 10 million teenage internet
addicts. (Possibility)
b) It must be hard for him to work and study at the same
time. (Obligation)
c) You mustn't park here or you'll receive a fine.
(Prohibition)
d) Could you lend me your book for a week? (Request)
e) If you're getting fat you should go on a diet. (Advice)
50) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
Major Current Environmental Problems
Ocean Acidification: It is a direct impact of
excessive production of C02. 25% of C02 is produced by
humans. The ocean acidity has increased by the last 250
years, but by 2100, it _______ shoot up by 150%.
Acid Rain: Acid rain occurs due to the presence
of certain pollutants in the atmosphere. Acid rain is a
known environmental problem that _______ have serious
effect on human health, wildlife and aquatic species.
(Adapted from http://www.conserve-energy-future.com).
a) may/ can.
b) would/ can.
c) would/ may.
d) may/ would.
e) could/ would.
51) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct option to
complete the excerpt below?
326
(TORDAY, Paul. The Legacy of Hartlepool Hall. London:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2012 . )
a) might not /can't
b) can't /will
c) can't /must
d) shouldn't / mustn't
e) shouldn't / can't
52) (Escola Naval 2019) Which option completes the text
below correctly?
Tips for a Healthy Diet
You ________ eat vegetables every day. Vegetables
contain essential vitamins and substances that are very
important for your organism. You ________ only eat
what you like to eat because to stay healthy you also need
to eat what your organism needs you to eat.
(Adapted from https://nexter.org/top-5-tips-for-a-healthy-
diet)
a) can’t / can
b) should / can
c) shouldn’t / can’t
d) should / shouldn’t
e) shouldn’t / should
53) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the text
below correctly?
Renew or replace your adult passport
You ______ be aged 16 or over (or turning 16 in the
next 3 weeks). if you want an adult passport. There’s a
different process to get a passport for a child.
The rules for passports, drivlnq, pet travel and more
______ change from 1 January 2021. Act now so you
_____ travel as planned.
If you're in the UK you _____.
-renew your passport if it's expired or will expire soon;
- replace your passport if it's been lost, stolen or damaged;
- change the details on your passport.
(Adapted from <https://www.gov.uk/renew-adult-
passport>)
a) should / may / can't / shouldn't
b) must / might / can't / must
c) should / mustn't / can / should
d) must / may / can / can
e) should / mustn't / must / should
54) (Escola Naval 2021) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
Social engineering: here’s how you _________ be hacked
Learn how social engineering _________ affect you, plus
common examples to help you identify and stay safe from
these schemes.
Social engineering is an importante term in the security
world, but you _______ not be familiar with exctly what it
means. While it is a broad subject, there are specific types
of social engineering as a concept so you ________ avoid
falling victim to it.
Social engimeering is the act of manipulating people to
steal private information from them, or make them give up
such confidential details.
(Adapted from https://www.muo.com)
a) could / can / might / can / can
b) must / should / must / could / must
c) should / must / might / ought to / can
d) must / can / must / can / should
e) could / should / must / ought to / must
55) (ITA 2017) Marque a opção correta de acordo com o Gabarito
sentido com que os verbos modais sublinhados são 1) B
empregados no texto. 2) C
I. Can living with less make you happier? (título) → para 3) B
indicar uma possibilidade. 4) A
II. We never know what tomorrow might bring, (linha 13) 5) B
→ para indicar um estado contrário à realidade. 6) A
III. It may sound as if I’m exaggerating… (linha 35) → 7) A
para indicar uma probabilidade. 8) D
IV. I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your 9) B
things. (linha 39) → para dar um conselho. 10) C
a) I e II. 11) B
b) I, II e IV. 12) B
c) I, III e IV. 13) D
d) II, III e IV. 14) B
e) II e IV. 15) B
56) (ITA 2021) O termo “must”, destacado em itálico no 16) C
excerto do segundo parágrafo, “These questions must be 17) C
now faced”, pode ser substituído, sem alteração de 18) A
significado, por 19) D
a) could. 20) C
b) might. 21) A
c) ought to. 22) C
d) used to. 23) B
e) had to. 24) B
25) C
26) C
27) A
28) C
29) B
30) A
31) C
32) D
33) D
34) C
35) A
36) C
37) D
38) B
39) D
40) B
41) B
42) D
43) D
44) D
45) E
46) B
47) A
48) B
49) B
50) A
51) C
52) D
53) D
54) A
55) C
56) C

327
 Verbos Frasais – Phrasal Verbs UK airports. But he said that although some “weak points”
in airport had been addressed, others remained
Texto para a questão 1
Since the attack, cars no longer drop off passengers
Robotic Cars
The year is 2020, and it’s 7;45 on a rainy Monday morning, outside the main terminal building, which was fitted with
bomb-proof glass.
and you are in your car on your way to work. You turn right,
Fonte:BBC News
and you turn left. A few minutes later, you stop at a traffic
light. When the light turns green and there are no other cars in GLOSSARY
the intersection, you continue on your way. Ten minutes later (car) ramming attack – ataque no qual um veículo choca-se
you get to work and stop reading the morning paper. Then, you contra um local
get out of your car and you say, “Thank you!". Your car propane canister – container de metal contendo gás propano
bollard – poste usado para manter um veículo fora de uma
replies, “You’re welcome!’’. This possibie future may sound
área em particular
unreai, but in fact many car companies are aiready testing
In ‘(…) a Jeep Cherokee was driven into the glass doors
robotic cars, or driverless cars, on the roads today, although the
and set ablaze’, (lines 3 - 5), it means that the vehicle hit
cars don't speak very much yet.
into the glass doors and _________________, except:
In the 1980s, Germany and the United States tested the first
a) burnt
driverless cars, and by 2020 companies such as Volvo, GM,
b) blew up
Nissan and BMW plan to seil driverless cars. Driverless cars
c) caught fire
are not really ‘driverless - the drivers are computers that use
d) burst into flames
radar, Computer maps and other modern technology. They
4) (EEAr 1. 2017) “I find the easiest way to expand my
offer many advantages. Perhaps the most important of these is
vocabulary is to make up words.”
fewer deaths caused by road accidents. For example, in 1968
The phrasal verb “make up” in this phrase can be replaced
more than 53.000 people lost their lives in car accidents in the
by:
USA. This number has fallen to less than 33.000 but it’s still a
a) build up
high number. In addition, people will spend iess time stuck in
traffic jams and there will be no need for people to have a b) go away
c) look up
driving license. One of the major disadvantages of this new
d) go on
technology, however, is the cost. It’s not free. U$5.000 to
U$10.000 is added to the price of the new car. Nevertheless, at 5) (EEAr 2. 2020) Choose the alternative that substitutes the
some time in your life, you will probably be sitting in a robotic, phrasal verb in the following sentence without changing its
driverless car on your way to work or school. The future is meaning.
almost here. Are you ready for it? “My mother asked me to look after my little sister”.
a) Carry on
<https://www.aHthinastoDics.eom/uploads/2/3/2/9/23290220/l
b) Take care
esson-drivina-robo ticcars2.pdf>
c) Take over
1) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read the extract from the text.
d) Hold back
'Ten minutes iater you get to work and stop reading the
6) (EEAr 1. 2021) Without changing the meaning, the phrasal
morning paper.’
verb in bold in the sentence below can be substituted for
Mark the option that can replace the expression get to.
“She is very upset because it’s been one year since her
a) drive to
father passed away.”
b) go to
a) moved.
c) find
b) called.
d) arrive at
e) come from c) tried.
d) died.
2) (EPCAR 2017) The sentence “Don't give up” (line 29) in
7) (EEAr 1. 2021) Without changing the meaning, the phrasal
the affirmative form is
verb “breaks out” could be substituted for
a) giving up.
b) I give up.
c) I gave up.
d) give up.
3) (EEAr 2. 2016)
Airports ‘vunerable’ to attack
The 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack was a
terrorist ramming attack which occurred on Saturday 30
June 2007, when a dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with
propane canisters was driven into the glass doors of the
Glasgow International Airport terminal and set ablaze. It
was the first terrorist attack to take place in Scotland.
Security bollards outside the entrance stopped the car from
MOVIE INFO
entering the terminal, although the doors were damaged.
As a boy, Louis “Louie” Zamperini is always in trouble,
Security consultant Chris Yates said many of the
but with the help of his older brother, he turns his life
changes put in place at Glasgow had been copied at other
around and channels his energy into running, later
qualifying for the 1936 Olympics. When World War II

328
 breaks out, Louie enlists in the military. After his plane
crashes in the Pacific, he survives incredible 47 days adrift
in a raft, until his capture by the Japanese navy. Sent to a
POW (Prisoner-of-war) camp, Louie becomes the favorite
target of a particularly cruel prison commander.
Adapted from
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/unbroken_2014
a) kills.
b) ends.
c) begins.
d) finishes.
8) (EEAr 2. 2021) Choose the alternative that substitutes the
sentence “They were crying to get out of the jar...” without
changing the meaning.
a) They were crying to get in the jar...
b) They were crying to break out of the jar...
c) They were crying to stick around the jar...
d) They were crying to come back to the jar...
9) (EEAr 2. 2021) Choose the phrasal verb that best
substitutes the word in bold in the following sentence.
“They needed to cancel the game because of the bad
weather.”
a) call off
b) hand out
c) tear down
d) put towards
10) (EEAr 1. 2022) The phrasal verb in bold in the text means:
The best way to boost self-esteem
Working hard to accomplish great things is a healthy
way to pump your ego? Not necessarily, according to
researchers at the University of Michigan. In their survey of
642 college freshmen, those who measured their self-worth
against objective standards, such as getting good grades,
were actually more stressed - and received no higher marks
- than those who based how they felt themselves of their
relationships with others. That’s not to say that you
shouldn’t work hard; just don’t make it all about you.
“Instead of focusing on whether you’re succeeding, ask
yourself, ‘What am I contributing to society? How will
people benefit from what I’m doing?’” suggests lead
researcher Jennifer Crocker, Ph.D. “This takes the pressure
off you and guarantees that your work will always feel
meaningful.”
a) to become bigger or more important than something
else.
b) to start legal action against somebody.
c) to continue something.
d) to remove something.
329
11) (EEAr 1. 2022) Read the sentence below:
“I nearly passed out when I saw all the blood.”
The phrasal verb underlined means:
a) to die.
b) to become sick.
c) to recover from something.
d) to faint, to lose consciousness.
12) (EEAr 1. 2022) The phrasal verb underlined in the song
means:
On top of the World-Imagine Dragons
If you love somebody
Better tell them why they’re here cause
They just may run away from you
You will never know what went well
Then again it just depends on
How long of time is left for you
I’ve had the highest mountains
I’ve had the deepest rivers
You can have it all but not til you move it
Now take it in but don’t look down.
a) to meet someone you know when you are not expecting
to.
b) to leave a place or person secretly and suddenly.
c) the possibility of something bad happen.
d) to be extremely unwilling to be involved.
13) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that best substitutes
the words “turned upside down” in the picture below.
a) Overturned
b) Off-putting
c) Backwards
d) Top-down
14) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016)
Airports ‘vunerable’ to attack
The 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack was a
terrorist ramming attack which occurred on Saturday 30
June 2007, when a dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with
propane canisters was driven into the glass doors of the
Glasgow International Airport terminal and set ablaze. It
was the first terrorist attack to take place in Scotland.
Security bollards outside the entrance stopped the car from
entering the terminal, although the doors were damaged.
Security consultant Chris Yates said many of the
changes put in place at Glasgow had been copied at other
UK airports. But he said that although some “weak points”
in airport had been addressed, others remained
Since the attack, cars no longer drop off passengers
outside the main terminal building, which was fitted with
bomb-proof glass.
Fonte:BBC News
GLOSSARY
(car) ramming attack – ataque no qual um veículo choca-se
contra um local
propane canister – container de metal contendo gás propano
 bollard – poste usado para manter um veículo fora de uma c) give up
área em particular d) abandon
In ‘(…) a Jeep Cherokee was driven into the glass doors 20) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) “lead to”, underlined in the text, can
and set ablaze’, (lines 3 - 5), it means that the vehicle hit be replaced by
into the glass doors and _________________, except: That sent hydrochloric acid with fine glass particles into the
a) burnt air, a process that can lead to lung demage and eye and skin
b) blew up irritation.
c) caught fire a) offer
d) burst into flames b) cause
Texto para as questões 15 e 16 c) develop
Some situation call for a lot of patience. We were going to d) influence
call on some friends. But I had traveled to São Paulo and it was 21) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) In “Roller skating used to be strictly
raining hard. for children.”, the verb “used to”, in bold type is closest in
Because of the weather all flights to Rio were call off. So I meaning to:
couldn’t come. I called her up to explain, and then she called a) My sister is used to calling me at work.
me down! b) The children used the roller skating to play.
15) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) “call for”, in bold type in the text, c) They are used to meeting people late at night.
means d) When she was a chilld, she used to play baseball with
a) demand friends.
b) cancel 22) (EEAr BCT 1. 2019) Choose the correct verb to replace
c) phone the phrasal verb “passed away”, in bold type in the text:
d) visit The crew did everything they could, including performing
16) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Choose the correct alternative to CPR with a doctor on board, but unfortunately the
replace the phrasal verb, underlined in the text. passenger has passed away.
a) reprimand a) died
b) deprive b) choked
c) refuse c) fainted
d) visit d) collapsed
17) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) As used in (line 16), ‘lead to’ can be 23) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) All the underlined words from the
replaced by text are phrasal verbs, except:
Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical Halloween
wind shears in the jet stream, at the cruising altitude for One fall day, as you walk down the street, you might see
most jet aircraft. ghosts, strange animals, and other weird things. What’s
a) result in. going on? It’s probably October 31, or Halloween.
b) forecast. Halloween is a day when people go out wearing costumes
c) encounter. and colorful makeup.
d) accompany People think that Halloween started in Ireland during the
18) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Choose the best verbal form to have 400s. October 31 was the end of summer, and people
the text completed correctly. believe that everyone who died during the year come back
Drunk pilot removed from cockpit at Stuttgart Airport on that day. To scare away the dead, people put on
Josh Gerbbatiss costumes and went out into the streets to make noise.
A “highly intoxicated” pilot was removed from the Different cultures have different ways of celebrating
cockpit of a flight, leaving more than 100 passengers Halloween. In the United States, it’s the night when
unable to leave Stuttgart airport. Shortly before ______, an children dress up in costumes and go to neighbors’ houses
airport employee noticed the man walking unsteadly and to “trick or treat”, or ask for candy. Some adults wear funny
smelt of alchool. The airline apologised for having to or scary costumes and go to parties or parades. Halloween
cancel the flight. All the passengers were put up in hotels has become a fun holiday for both adults and children.
overnight. The pilot’s licence was immeadiately suspended. Adapted from Interchange.
Adapted from The Independent Online; March 25, 2018 a) end of
a) take off b) dress up
b) took off c) went out
c) takes off d) scare away
d) taking off 24) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The word “postponed”, underlined in
19) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Choose the correct verb that can the text, is closest in meaning to:
replace the phrasal verb “racking up” (line 11), according to The event, which was fundraising for Care charity, had
the text. been postponed twice - first to sell more tickets, and then
Since he first started racking up air miles a little over a because of coronavirus restrictions.
decade ago – yes, he was just 14 when he started this – a) Put off
Schlappig says he's never flown economy on an b) Turned on
international flight. c) Looked out
a) amass d) Stayed Away
b) forfeit

330
25) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Read this notice about an apartment
for rent and answer the question below.
“Students! Are you looking for a special place to live?
Come to 140 Grant Street, Apt. 4B. This apartament is
absolutely perfect for two serious students who are looking
for a quiet neighborhood, just 15 minutes from campus.”
The expression “looking for” in bold type in the paragraph
above is closest in meaning to _________________.
a) Buying
b) latch-key
c) disturbing
d) searching for
26) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) Read this article about the architect
Ieoh Ming Pei. Choose the best alternative to complete the
text subsequently.
Ieoh Ming Pei
Born in 1917, Ieoh Ming Pei grew up in Canton, China.
When he was seventeen, he went to the United States to
learn about building. As it turned out, Pei became one of
the most famous architects of the twentieth century.
Pei is famous for his strong geometric forms. One of his
most controversial projects was his glass pyramid at the
Louvre in Paris. The old museum had a lot of problems, but
no one wanted to destroy it. Pei had to __________ a
solution. Many Parisians were shocked with his proposal
for a 71-foot-high glass pyramid. It __________ anyway,
blending with the environment. Today many people say that
it is a good example of the principles of feng shui.
From the book Grammar Express Marjorie Fuchs and
Margaret Bonner
a) give up / turn out
b) went up / pay off
c) come up with / go back
d) come up with / went up
27) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Choose the alternative that completes
the text with a suitable phrasal verb.
Flying with a Dog? Here’s What You Need to Know
The choice to take your dog in the cabin with you
versus traveling in the cargo hold will often be decided for
you by the size of the animal and the airline’s policy. Some
airlines restrict the total number of pets allowed on any
given flight, and these spots are usually parceled out on a
first-come, first-served basis—so you will want to book
early.
Expect to pay a fee to fly with your dog. Current
standard fees range from around $75 to $200 each way, and
can go up to several hundred dollars for larger dogs that
must be transported on cargo planes.
If at all possible, choose a direct flight. As tough as
flying is on a dog, especially in the cargo hold, submitting
them to even longer travel times plus multiple encounters
with baggage handling can easily go sideways. My family
flew cross-country with our dog several years ago, and had
purchased direct flights, but due to aircraft problems on the
way home had to switch to a connecting itinerary. During
our connection in St. Louis, we watched helplessly through
the airport windows as a baggage hander in St. Louis let our
dog’s travel crate nearly free-fall onto the tarmac. When we
____________ at our home airport, the crate was shattered
and the dog significantly traumatized.
a) picked her up
b) took it up
331
c) picked by
d) came up
28) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Choose the alternative in which the
phrasal verb means that you look or behave like an older
relative.
a) Jenny really takes after her mother.
b) Jenny really lives up to her mother.
c) Jenny really looks up to her mother.
d) Jenny sometimes comes across her mother.
29) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Which of the options below replaces
the word in bold in the text correctly?
Is your home full of stuff you never use? If so, the time
has come to get rid of all your junk and create a peaceful,
relaxed atmosphere in your home.
a) Donate.
b) Organize.
c) Eliminate.
d) Discharge.
30) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) The expression “carried out” in bold
in the text can be replaced by
“Volcanic surveillance measurements carried out since
the beginning of the eruption recorded the highest-energy
activity so far during Friday afternoon,” emergency
services said in a statement on Friday evening.
a) realized.
b) continued.
c) conducted.
d) commanded.
31) (EsPCEx 2015) In the sentence “I think I have now finally
acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern
education.” (paragraph 2), the words missed out mean
a) didn’t miss.
b) didn’t want.
c) didn’t have.
d) didn’t like.
e) didn’t need
Texto para a questão 32
When making a decision, it is a common impulse to look
and see what others are doing. Nevertheless, it is often unclear
whether the path that everyone else may be following is good
for us as well. After all, sometimes following the crowd has
merit - at other times, it is simply peer pressure blinding us.
The phenomenon of looking to others and following the
crowd by social has been studied science for a long time.
Nevertheless, those findings do not always make their way to
individual decision-makers. Therefore, let’s review why people
conform to the crowd – and under what conditions it is a god
idea to go your own way instead.
To start, individuals tend to look to the opinions of others,
especially when they are unsure and lack information from
other sources. This dynamic was supported by classic research
from Sherif (1937), who explored how a person’s perception of
a very ambiguous stimuli can be influenced by the opinion of
others. Sherif (1937) asked participants to watch a small light
in a dark and featureless room and evaluate how much that
light moved around. In actuality, however, the light never
moved at all – but the way our perception works in that
situation gives the possible illusion of movement (called the
Autokinetic Effect). In this uncertain and ambiguous perceptual
situation, Sherif (1937) found that individuals were quite
susceptible to the influence of the opinions of others when
trying to decide how much light was “moving”.
 Unfortunately, this phenomenon also extends to individuals
following the crowd, even when they can clearly see that others
are wrong. This was first evaluated by Asch (1955), who asked
participants to pick a line from a few choices of varying lengths
that matched up with another example line given to them. From
a perceptual standpoint, the task was easy – as the correct
choice of which lines were actually similar to one another was
clear. Nevertheless, when participants were surrounded by
other individuals giving the wrong answer, they often
conformed and made the wrong choice as well. Thus, even
when the correct choice is clear, and what others are doing is
wrong, that peer pressure can still cause us to doubt ourselves
and follow the crowd.
Why is it that we are so compelled to follow the crowd,
even when it is objectively clear that they are wrong?
According to more recent research, we may simply be wired
that way. Specifically, these social influences can actually
change our perceptions and memories (Edelson, Sharot, Dolan,
& Dudai, 2011). Therefore, rather than knowingly making the
wrong choice just to conform to peer pressure, the influence of
others may actually change what we see as the correct choice in
the moment and remember as the right thing after the fact.
Beyond that, we might just have “herding brains” with built-in
components that monitor our social alignments and make us
feel good when we follow the crowd too (Shamay-Tsoory,
Saporta, Marton-Alper, & Gvirts, 2019).
Fortunately, this effect has good points as well. In many
cases, group decision-making can help individuals look beyond
their own private perspectives and make more rational
decisions (Fahr & Irlenbusch, 2011). Furthermore, pro-social
and altruistic behaviors can be influenced and shared through
such conformity as well (Nook, Ong, Morelli, Mitchell, &
Zaki, 2016). Therefore, sometimes following the crowd helps
people get along and make better decisions too.
Given the above, when making a decision, it is important to
consider whether following others is a good idea – or is leading
you astray instead. Some simple steps can help you
figure it out.
Getting swept away by what everyone else is doing is often
an emotional and thoughtless process. We are conforming
simply because we have not given sufficient attention and
effort toward considering any other options. Therefore, unless
you are in an emergency situation and need to immediately
follow everyone else toward the nearest exit, it might be a good
idea to switch to more deliberate thinking processes, rather
than just going with your initial reaction.
Some choices and decision-making situations are more
individual, while others are more social. Therefore, it is
important to consider the specific situation. Is this an individual
choice, or does it involve others? If you have sufficient
information to make a clear choice on your own, and you do
not need group approval, then you might want to make up your
own mind. If you are personally unsure, or you need the
support of others to make something happen, then taking the
opinion of others into consideration might be a good idea
instead.
It is generally a good idea to evaluate your choices and
decisions from multiple perspectives. The same is true for
following the opinion of others too. Although it might not feel
that way at times, especially in the modern day of media
coverage and social networking, everyone is not doing it –
whatever “it” is that you are considering. Given that, before
332
you follow the advice or choices of any particular group of
people, it might be a good idea to look at what other groups of
people are doing or choosing too. In addition, we can learn a
lot from people making choices contrary to ourselves or our
preferred group, particularly about potential down-sides to
choices we might not be seeing. Therefore, if you do need to
look to others to help provide information regarding a
particular choice or decision, then it might help to seek out
people with a few different opinions, weigh your options
among them, and figure out what will work best for you.
(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com. Access on
March 25th, 2021)
32) (AFA 2021) In the text, the phrasal verb that means have a
harmonious and friendly relationship is
a) look to. (line 6)
b) get along. (line 59)
c) look beyond. (line 53)
d) figure out. (line 63)
33) (EFOMM 2012) The boss refused her request for a day
off. The underlined word can be replaced by:
a) turned out
b) turned over
c) turned off
d) turned in
e) turned down
34) (EFOMM 2013) Choose the correct alternative.
By this time next year, my brother ______ his new car.
a) will be paid off
b) is paying off
c) had paid off
d) has paid off
e) will have paid off
35) (EFOMM 2013) In : ‘(…) around 14 people were in the
glasstopped tower when it was hit by the ship’s stern as
it ploughed into the dock(...).’ (lines 7-9), the underlined
two-word phrase is closest in meaning to:
“Up to eight people are feared dead after a massive cargo
ship rammed into a control tower in the Italian port of
Genoa during a night-time manoeuvre that went wrong. The
collision sent the 165ft-tall cement control tower crashing
to the ground, with much of its mangled remains tumbling
into the harbour. Around 14 people were in the glass-
topped tower when it was hit by the ship’s stern as it
ploughed into the dock.”
a) ran aground
b) capsized
c) struck
d) drifted
e) flooded
36) (EFOMM 2013) Choose the correct alternative.
That cargo ship ______________ the harbour.
a) put into
b) put forward
c) put Away
d) put off
e) put across
37) (EFOMM 2014) Read an extract of a news report and
decide which verb correctly completes the sentences. Then,
choose the correct alternative.
“Drivers on a Chinese motorway in Sichuan had to stop
suddenly because an ostrich ________ along the road. It
________ to belong to a Mr Liu, or Meishan, who
________ that the ostrich ________ away when he
________ it.”
a) ran – was turning out – was explaining – ran – fed
b) was running – turned out – explained – was running –
was feeding
c) was running – turned out – explained – ran – was
feeding
d) ran – turned out – was explaining – was running – was
feeding
e) ran – was turning out – explained – was running – fed
38) (EFOMM 2016) In line 65, “(...) they have added extra
forms to cope with the needs of their users (...)”, the
phrasal verb in bold is closest in meaning to:
“Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of
communication between languages that they have
developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary
languages. They may even be given official status by a
community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as
‘expanded pidgins’, because of the way in which they have
added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users, and
have come to be used in a much wider range of situations
than previously. In time, these languages may come to be
used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a
literature of their own. Some of the most widely used
expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian
Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New
Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used
language in the country.”
a) foresee
b) support
c) respect
d) realize
e) handle
39) (EFOMM 2016) Which sequence of verbs completes the
sentences below?
I- The house ______ much more attractive by the new
owners.
II- John ______ as a sort of clown.
III- Politics ______ the art of the possible.
IV- Nobody understood why she ______ their engagement.
V- She’s worried about ______ careful enough with her
translation.
a) has being made / would see / is / breaks off / not been
b) has been made / was seen / is / broke off / not having
been
c) made / had been seen / are / would break off / not to be
d) is made / could be seen / are / doesn’t break off / not
being
e) had made / sees / is / had broken off / being
40) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the option that correctly
completes the sentences below, respectively.
I- Factories are warning that they may have to ______
workers.
II- He wore a dark grey suit that would not ______ in a
workplace.
III- This plan might ______ costing us more money.
333
a) put down / stand up / end up
b) count on / rule out / come down
c) lay off / stick out / wind up
d) wipe out / set aside / go up
e) give away / turn around / finish up
41) (EFOMM 2017) Which is the correct option to complete
the sentence below?
Ruth wanted to be transferred to another department, but
her application w a s________ because her own department
is understaffed.
a) turned down
b) turned out
c) turned up
d) turned over
e) turned away
42) (EFOMM 2018) Select the correct option to complete the
sentence below.
"Sue, would you kindly ______ John ? He has a hospital
appointment at half past four tomorrow afternoon and he
won’t be able to teach."
a) stand up for
b) stand up to
c) stand in for
d) stand down
e) stand out
43) (EFOMM 2019) Choose the correct alternative to complete
the paragraph below.
Fatal accident during mooring operation on deck
During the mooring operation, the forward spring line
_________________ beneath the berth fender
and________________tightened up without awareness of
the risk. Suddenly, the taut rope ________
___________from beneath the berth fender
and________________on the OS causing his death.
(Abridged from https://safety4sea.com/fatal-accident-
mooring-operation-deck/)
a) was stuck / being / bounced off / hit
b) is stuck / is / bounces off / hit
c) would stick / would be / bounced off / hits
d) is sticking / was / is bounced off / hit
e) had stuck / was being / was bounced off / hit
44) (EFOMM 2019) Which is the correct option to replace the
verb “reach” in the paragraph below so that the meaning
remains the same?
Nowadays, it is difficult for parents to ______ their
image of what ideal parenting should look like.
a) live up to
b) look down on
c) run out of
d) get away with
e) look in on
45) (EFOMM 2020) In "[... ] the world's first autonomous and
electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on hold [...
].",the idiom in bold means:
“Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the changed global
outlook, the development of the world's first autonomous
and electric container vessel Yara Birkeland is put on hold,
Norwegian company Yara announced.”
a) Put Away
b) Put about
c) Put off
d) Put across
 e) Put up
46) (EFOMM 2021) Mark the correct option to complete the
text below.
Achemical-laden cargo ship is sinking off the coast of
Sri Lanka, sparkling fears of an environmental disaster
The Singapore-registered X-Press Pearl I- ________ on fire
for almost two weeks before the blaze II- _________ this
week. Hundreds of tonnes of oil from fuel tanks III-
_________ into the sea, IV- ____________nearby marine
life. The Sri Lankan and Indian navies V- _________jointly
over the past days in an attempt VI- ________ the fire and
VI- _________ the ship from breaking and sinking.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com>news>word...)
a) I - has been / II- has been put out / III - leaked / IV - to
devastate / V - worked / VI - to put out / VII - had
prevented
b) I - has been / II- was put out / III - had leaked / IV -
devastating / V - have worked / VI- putting out / VII –
preventing
c) I- had been / II- was put out / III- could leak / IV-
devastating / V- had worked / VI- to put out / VII –
prevent
d) I - had been / II - put out / III- could have leaked / IV-
devastating / V- have worked / VI - to put out / VII - to
prevent
e) I- was / II - put out / HI - were leaking / IV- devastating
/ V - had worked / VI - to put out / VII - preventing
47) (EFOMM 2022) In “In addition, University of Rijeka,
Faculty of Maritime Studies conducted a survey noting that
companies [...].’, the word “conducted” can be correctly
replaced by the following phrasal verb, with no difference
in meaning:
a) carried on
b) carried away
c) carried out
d) carried off
e) carried over
48) (EFOMM 2022) Select the correct option to complete the
sentences below.
I- I __________ him crying in the bedroom.
II- Please, __________ to Math class!
III- Do you want to __________ to my house to eat
popcorn and watch a movie?
IV- I’ve __________ a great idea to solve that problem.
a) Come up with/ come over/ come back/ came across
b) Came over/ come back/ come across/ come up with
c) Came across/ come back/ come over/ come up with
d) Come up with/ come back/ come over/ came across
e) Come back/ come up with/ come across/ come over
49) (Escola Naval 2012) Considering the text, what do the
expressions "getting ahead" and "getting by" mean in this
extract?
" [...] and other special bonuses that make the difference
between "getting ahead" and just getting by".
a) progressing – passing
b) passing – progressing
c) surviving – progressing
d) surviving – passing
e) progressing - surviving
50) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct option to
complete the sentence below?
334
I don't know how some teachers _____ such disrespectful
and rude students.
a) look forward.
b) come down to.
c) come up with.
d) put through to.
e) put up with.
51) (Escola Naval 2018) Which option completes the text
below correctly?
School is exhausting! I’m so tired! I can’t keep up
______all the readings and assignments. It’s too much
work! But l won’t drop_____. I need this degree. I don’t
want to put_____my dreams any longer. I need to have the
money to carry them ____ as soon as possible, but I’m
really looking forward_____the spring break. I need to rest
a little.
a) with / up / away / out / for
b) to / in / away / on /for
c) for / out / off / on / to
d) to / up / up / on / for
e) with /out / off / out / to
52) (Escola Naval 2021) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
Personnel aboard HMS Queen Elizabeth ________ in a
sports day to reinvigorate interest in team sports.
The event, led by the NAVYfit team at HMS Temeraire,
working under Covid-19 guidance, provided an opportunity
for personnel to _________ in a range of activities,
designed to show the importance of sport and fitness to
health and well-being.
(“Sporting oppotunities for carrier personnel”, Naval News,
p. 36, December 2020)
a) took part/ take part
b) took/ take place
c) got over/ take off
d) got up/ get up
e) got away with/ get away with
53) (Escola Naval 2022) Chose the correct option to complete
the text below.
Drone saves missing 65-year-old climber in the
Himalayas
Daniel Van Boom
July 18, 2018
Scottish climber Rick Allen ___________ a drone after
he had fallen during a solo climb of Broad Peak mountain
in the Himalayas. Allen’s climbing bag __________ a base
camp worker, prompting the drone _____________ to
successfully locate him. Then, Rick Allen _____________
without significant injury.
(Adapted from https://www.cnet.com)
a) was saved for/ spotted/ to be sent out/ rescued
b) saved/ was spotted by/ to send out/ rescued
c) was saved for/ was spotted for/ to send out/ was rescued
d) was saved by/ spotted/ to send out/ was rescued
e) was saved by/ was spotted by/ to be sent out/ was
rescued
54) (Escola Naval 2022) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
TAMPA, Fla. – A Lutz man is now a millionaire after
nearly _____________ gas and buying a scratch-off ticket
at a gas station in Tampa when he stopped to ___________,
according to the Florida Lottery.
 Feras Al Younes, 48, won the top prize and chose to
take his winnings as a one-time payment.
“I was standing at the pumps when I suddenly realized I
was holding a $2 million winning ticket! I was so excited
that I left before my tank was full!” Al Younes said.
(Adapted from https://www.abcactionnews.com)
a) running out of/ pass away
b) running out of/ fill up
c) catching up with/ pass away
d) looking up to/ fill up
e) looking up to/ take away
Texto para a questão 55
5 Ways To Turn Fear Into Fue
Editor’s note: This is a guest post from Jonathan Fields,
author of Uncertainty: Turning Fear and Doubt Into Fuel for
Brilliance
Uncertainty. It’s a terrifying word.
Living with it, dangling over your head like the sword of
Damocles, day in day out, is enough to send anyone spiraling
into a state of anxiety, fear and paralysis.
Like it or not, though, uncertainty is the new normal. We
live in a time where the world is in a state of constant, long-
term flux. And, that’s not all. If you want to spend your time on
the planet not just getting-by, but consistently creating art,
experiences, businesses and lives that truly matter, you’ll need
to proactively seek out, invite and even deliberately amplify
uncertainty. Because the other side of uncertainty is
opportunity.
Nothing great was ever created by waiting around for
someone to tell you it’s all going to be okay or for perfect
information to drop from the sky. Doesn’t happen that way.
Great work requires you to act in the face of uncertainty, to live
in the question long enough for your true potential to emerge.
There is no alternative.
When you find the strength to act in the face of uncertainty,
you till the soil of genius.
Problem is, that kills most people. It leads to unease,
anxiety, fear and doubt on a level that snuffs out most
genuinely meaningful and potentially revolutionary endeavors
before they even see the light of day. Not because they
wouldn’t have succeeded, but because you never equipped
yourself to handle and even harness the emotional energy of
the journey.
But, what if it didn’t have to be that way?
What if there was a way to turn the fear, anxiety and self-
doubt that rides along with acting in the face of uncertainty—
the head-to-toe butterflies—into fuel for brilliance?
Turns out, there is. Your ability to lean into the unknown
isn’t so much about luck or genetics, rather it’s something
entirely trainable. I’ve spent the past few years interviewing
world-class creators across a wide range of fields and pouring
over research that spans neuroscience, decision-theory,
psychology, creativity and business.
Through this work, a collection of patterns, practices and
strategies have emerged that not only turbocharge insight,
creativity, innovation and problem-solving, but also help
ameliorate so much of the suffering so often associated with
the pursuit of any creative quest.
Fonte: http://zenhabits.net/fearfuel. Acesso em 07/12/2011.
Texto adaptado.
335
55) (ITA 2012) Assinale a afirmação correta.
a) “day in day out” (linha 3) equivale a every other day.
b) “getting by” (linha 8) equivale à expressão: vir ao
mundo a passeio.
c) “seek out […] uncertainty” (linha 10) opõe-se a seek
out opportunity.
d) A palavra “handle” (linha 26) pode ser entendida por
evitar.
e) “pouring over” (linhas 35 e 36) pode ser substituído
por making.
Texto para as questões 56 e 57
Reboot the School
SALMAN KHAN’S YOUTUBE LESSONS HAVE
ALREADY MADE HIM A GEEK CELEBRITY.
NOW HE WANTS TO REINVENT HOMEWORK, BANISH
CLASSROOM LECTURES—AND MAYBE SAVE
EDUCATION.
By Kayla Webley
Fifth-graders at Eastside College Preparatory School in East
Palo Alto, Calif., sit at their desks with netbooks. They're in the
middle of a math lesson, listening as a teacher explains how to
convert percentages to decimals. "If we get rid of the percent
sign, we just have to move the decimal sign two places to the
left," the instructor says. Pens scribble across notebooks.
Eleven thousand miles away in Accra, Ghana, students at
the African School for Excellence are studying logarithms.
Their teacher is the same one firing off math tips in California–
both groups of kids are learning by watching online videos.
While the screen shows a march of equations and diagrams, the
students never actually see the face of the lecturer. There's just
a voice, deep, patient and unrehearsed—think NPR host
crossed with Mister Rogers. His inflection rises at times to
underscore a point or when he gets really excited. "Math is not
just random things to memorize and regurgitate on a test next
week," he says. "It's the purest way of describing the universe!"
The voice belongs to Salman Khan, a 35-year-old hedge-
fund manager turned YouTube professor to millions around the
world. Thanks to his Khan Academy, an online repository of
some 3,250 digital lectures, he has become a celebrity to
techies, educators and uncounted high schoolers cramming for
the AP biology test. His 18-minute discourse on the Krebs
cycle and cell metabolism has been viewed more than 675,000
times.
But Khan isn't satisfied with being the most famous teacher
ever to appear on a Web browser. He believes he has stumbled
onto a solution to some of education's most intractable
problems, with his video-driven teaching method at its heart.
He wants to fundamentally change the role of teachers in the
classroom—and redefine the concept of homework along the
way. And he has persuaded Bill Gates, Google's Eric Schmidt
and a minor constellation of other tech billionaires to back this
quest.
Education reform is notoriously difficult. K-12 schools are
debating everything from teacher evaluations to standardized
tests, with no consensus in sight. Universities, meanwhile, are
confronting massive budget cuts and new kinds of
competition—as dramatized by the recent turmoil at the
University of Virginia. Its board fired the president amid
worries that UVa wasn't keeping up with change and
embracing online education fast enough, then rehired her 16
days later after a backlash from students and faculty.
56) (ITA 2012) Na sentença em que se insere “He believes he Gabarito
has stumbled onto a solution to some of education’s 1) D
most intractable problems” (linhas 27 e 28), o verbo 2) D
“stumbled onto” pode ser substituído por 3) B
a) come upon. 4) A
b) search for. 5) B
c) figured out. 6) D
d) come up with. 7) C
e) pointed out. 8) B
57) (ITA 2012) Nas frases “Their teacher is the same one 9) A
firing off math tips in California […]” (linha 9) e “Its 10) D
board fired the president amid worries […]” (linha 40) 11) D
a) “firing off” e “fired”, embora utilizados em tempos 12) D
verbais diferentes, têm o mesmo significado. 13) A
b) “firing off” equivale a sending quickly. 14) B
c) “firing off” e “fired” têm sentidos opostos. 15) A
d) “firing off” e “fired” podem ser substituídos, 16) D
respectivamente, por shooting off e shot. 17) A
e) “firing off” equivale a spread e “fired” equivale a 18) D
detonate. 19) A
20) B
21) D
22) A
23) A
24) A
25) D
26) D
27) A
28) A
29) C
30) C
31) C
32) B
33) E
34) E
35) C
36) A
37) C
38) E
39) B
40) C
41) A
42) C
43) A
44) A
45) C
46) C
47) C
48) C
49) A
50) E
51) E
52) A
53) E
54) B
55) B
56) A
57) B

336
 Vozes Verbais – Passive Voice e Active
Voice
1) (EPCAR 2021) Mark the option that shows a structure in
the passive voice.
a) There, kids are told what to do, where to be, what to
think, what to wear, and what to eat. (l. 56 - 57)
b) Kids have been avoiding these activities for ages. (l. 25
- 26)
c) The answer has to do with the way games address basic
psychological needs. (l. 39 - 41)
d) Many kids aren’t getting enough of these three essential
elements. (l. 51 - 52)
2) (EEAr 1. 2016) Choose the correct form for the passive
voice of the following sentence.
‘They have taken her to the hospital.’
a) She was taken to the hospital.
b) She is being taken to the hospital.
c) She has been taken to the hospital.
d) She had been taken to the hospital.
3) (EEAr 1. 2016) Choose the alternative that presents the
passive voice of the sentence below.
The expanding Hispanic population in the U.S. still hasn’t
created a market for Spanish-language pictures.
a) A market for Spanish-language pictures hasn’t been
created by the expanding Hispanic population.
b) A market for Spanish-language pictures hadn’t been
created by the expanding Hispanic population.
c) A market for Spanish-language pictures isn’t being
created by the expanding Hispanic population.
d) A market for Spanish-language pictures wasn’t being
created by the expanding Hispanic population.
4) (EEAr 2. 2016) What’s the active voice for “The bike path
was inaugurated earlier this year”.
a) Someone has inaugurated the bike path earlier this year
b) Someone will inaugurate the bike path earlier this year
c) Someone inaugurated the bike path earlier this year.
d) Someone inaugurates the bike path earlier this year.
5) (EEAr 2. 2017) The sentence “People negotiate and
consume drugs”, in the Passive Voice is:
a) Drugs are negotiated and consumed.
b) Drugs were negotiated and consumed.
c) Drugs will be negotiated and consumed.
d) Drugs had been negotiated and consumed.
6) (EEAr 1. 2018) Choose the alternative that corresponds to
the Active Voice of the following sentence: “Great recipes
are made by Carole Walter”.
a) Carole Walter is making great recipes.
b) Carole Walter has made great recipes.
c) Carole Walter makes great recipes.
d) Carole Walter made great recipes.
7) (EEAr 1. 2019) Choose the correct active form for the
sentence: “The history of humankind has been marked by
patterns of growth and decline.”
a) The history of humankind marked patterns of growth
and decline.
b) Patterns of growth and decline has marked the history of
humankind.
c) The history of humankind has marked patterns of
growth and decline.
d) Patterns of growth and decline have marked the history
of humankind.
337
Texto para a questão 8
The cost of a cigarette
A businesswoman’s desperate need for a cigarette on an 8-
hour flight from American Airlines resulted in her being
arrested and handcuffed, after she was found lighting up in the
toilet of a Boeing 747, not once but twice. She was because she
turned violent when the plane landed in England, where the
police subsequently arrested and handcuffed her. Joan Norrish,
aged 33, yesterday became the first person to be prosecuted
under new laws for smoking on board a plane, when she was
fined £440 at Uxbridge magistrates’ court.
Adapted from Innovations , by Hugh Dellar and Darryl
Hocking
8) (EEAr 1. 2019) Complete the sentence adapted from the
text using the Passive Voice: She ____________ when the
plane landed in England.
a) is arrested
b) was arrested
c) was arresting
d) will be arrested
9) (EEAr 1. 2022) In the letter, the sentence in bold is wrong.
The correct form of the sentence is:
Dear Toti,
I’m writing to you from my hotel room. Everyone else
is sleeping, but I’m sitting here and watching the ocean.
We’re staying at the Plaza in Atlantic Beach, and the view
is beautiful. The tour is goes well. The audience is crazy
about the new songs, but the fans are always asking for you.
How is the baby? She has a great voice. Are you teaching
her to sing yet? Maybe both of you will come along for the
next tour!
a) The tour is go well.
b) The tour going well.
c) The tour is going well.
d) The tour not going well.
10) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Complete the sentence in the text
(line 19) with the correct option
Why do planes crash?
Navigational errors are among the most common causes
of plane crashes. Planes are flown into a mountain or the
sea out of a variety of reasons. Sometimes weather
conditions are bad, in other cases pilots have made bad
judgements.
In 1996 a Peruvian airliner crashed into the sea after the
computer stopped working. The crew had almost no data
left to work with and didn't know at which height they were
flying when they hit the water.
In 1977 almost 600 people got killed when two planes
were heading at full speed towards each other and collided
in heavy fog on the runway in Tenerife. The crash
happened after planes had been guided to Tenerife because
Gran Canary airport was closed.
In June 2009 an Air France airbus disappeared off the
coast of Brazil. Although the wreckage was found after a
few days it took investigators almost three years to find out
what had really happened to the plane.
Pilots are criticising the way planes are ________. In
the past decades the structure of planes has changed. More
computers and automated systems are taking over, the pilot
often has no alternatives left.
(Adapted from http://www.english.online.at/news-
articles/technology)
 a) building
b) builds
c) build
d) built
11) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Read the sentences and decide if they
are Active (A) or Passive (P).
( ) Magazines are sold at newsstands everywhere.
( ) Many readers subscribe to the magazine.
( ) A large type edition is also printed.
( ) They also recorded it.
Choose the alternative that corresponds to the right order.
a) A – A – P – A
b) P – A – P – A
c) P – P – A – P
d) P – A – P – P
12) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Choose the correct alternative to
have the passive voice from the sentence, in bold type, in
the text: they put their lives in danger to save their
owners.
Their lives _______ in danger to save their owners.
a) is put
b) are put
c) was put
d) were put
13) (EEAr BCT 2. 2017) Which of the following is being used
in the Passive Voice?
a) Williams used supercomputers simulations (…) (line
20)
b) But more frequent jolts in mid-air could be one way
(…) (lines 3 and 4)
c) The practical impacts of climate change can be hard to
predict (…) (lines 1 and 2)
d) Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical
wind shears (…) (lines 16 and 17)
14) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) All the sentences below are in the
passive voice, EXCEPT,
Drunk pilot removed from cockpit at Stuttgart Airport
Josh Gerbbatiss
A “highly intoxicated” pilot was removed from the
cockpit of a flight, leaving more than 100 passengers
unable to leave Stuttgart airport. Shortly before taking off,
an airport employee noticed the man walking unsteadly
and smelt of alchool. The airline apologised for having to
cancel the flight. All the passengers were put up in hotels
overnight. The pilot’s licence was immeadiately suspended.
Adapted from The Independent Online; March 25, 2018.
a) The pilot’s licence was suspended.
b) The pilot was removed from the cockpit.
c) All the passengers were put at the hotels.
d) An airport employee noticed the drunk pilot.
15) (EEAr BCT 2. 2018) Which of the following sentence is
being used in passive voice?
Southwest Airlines Flight 1380
Jeremy Berke
Southwest Airlines Flight 1380 suffered an engine
failure that smashed a plane window, sucking a passenger
halfway out of the plane in midair.
A passenger on a Southwest Airlines flight on Tuesday
was partially sucked out of a window after an engine
exploded in midair.
The flight, traveling from New York to Dallas, was
forced to make an emergency landing in Philadelphia, and
338
the passenger — a 43-year-old woman named Jennifer
Riordan — died Tuesday at a hospital. It was the first
fatality in a US passenger plane accident in nine years.
Passengers on the flight described how, after the
explosion sent shrapnel into one of the plane’s windows,
Riordan was pulled halfway out of aircraft.
While passengers were able to pull Riordan back into
the plane, another passenger was said to have felt “severe
pressure” after positioning his back against the opening in
the cabin in an attempt to seal it.
When there’s an opening in an airplane during flight
(regardless of the cause), the plane will undergo rapid
depressurization.
Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com
Glossary:
shrapnel – pequenos pedaços de metal que são lançados
devido a uma explosão.
a) Riordan was pulled halfway out of the aircraft.
b) Passengers were able to pull Riordan back into the
plane.
c) It was the first fatality in US passenger plane accident in
nine years.
d) Another passenger felt severe pressure after positioning
his back against the opening cabin.
16) (EEAr BCT 2. 2019) What’s the active voice for “intense
rainfall was registered by scientists in the lake”?
a) Scientists register intense rainfall in the lake.
b) Scientists registered intense rainfall in the lake.
c) Scientists will register intense rainfall in the lake.
d) Scientists were registering intense rainfall in the lake.
17) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) Change the following sentence to the
passive voice:
“A diplomat must inform his country about international
events.”
a) His country must inform a diplomat about international
events.
b) His country has to be informed by a diplomat about
international events.
c) His country will be informed by a diplomat about
international events.
d) His country must be informed by a diplomat about
international events.
18) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) Choose the alternative that you can
find Passive Voice tense:
a) They also record it.
b) It is sold at newsstands everywhere.
c) Many readers subscribe to the magazine.
d) One million people do not speak Japanese.
19) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) The sentence “Diego, the tiger, had
attacked the tribe to get the baby eskimo but was not
successful”, from the text could be rewritten without
changing the verb tense, like this:
a) The baby eskimo had attacked by Diego, the tiger.
b) The baby eskimo was attacked by Diego, the tiger, but
was not successful.
c) The tribe had been ambushed by Diego, the tiger, but
the baby had not been successful.
d) The tribe had been attacked by Diego, the tiger, in an
unsuccessful attempt to get the baby.
20) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) The sentence “The remnants of
Hurricane Ida have killed dozens of people” is in the Active
Voice. Choose the alternative with correct Passive Voice.
a) Dozens of people have been killed by the remnants of
Hurricane Ida.
b) The remnants of Hurricane Ida have been killed by
dozens of people.
c) Dozens of people have killed by the remnants of
Hurricane Ida.
d) The remnants of Hurricane Ida were killed by dozens of
people.
21) (EsPCEx 2016) Choose the alternative that has the
sentence “Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart
weaponry” (paragraph 2) correctly changed into active
voice.
a) Smart weaponry hasn’t won operation desert storm.
b) Smart weaponry didn’t win operation desert storm.
c) Smart weaponry doesn’t win operation desert storm.
d) Smart weaponry isn’t winning operation desert storm.
e) Smart weaponry won’t win operation desert storm.
22) (EsPCEx 2021) Choose the alternative that has the
sentence “...he was held by Thai authorities for one day
and given a fine of 500 baht…” (paragraph 4) correctly
changed into active voice.
a) Thai authorities had held him for one day and given him
a fine of 500 baht.
b) Thai authorities will hold him for one day and give him
a fine of 500 baht.
c) Thai authorities have held him for one day and gave him
a fine of 500 baht.
d) Thai authorities were holding him for one day and
giving him a fine of 500 baht.
e) Thai authorities held him for one day and gave him a
fine of 500 baht.
Texto para a questão 23
BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE ACADEMY
AFA (Air Force Academy), located at Pirassununga, State
of São Paulo, is responsible for the training of Pilots,
Administrative and Aeronautics Infantry Officers for the
Brazilian Air Force.
The history of the Brazilian military pilots schools goes
back to 1913, when the Brazilian Aviation School was
founded, at Campo dos Afonsos, State of Rio de Janeiro. Its
mission was to provide instruction at similar levels to those of
the best European schools at the time; Blériot and Farman
aircraft, made in France, were available for the instruction of
the pupils. The Great War 1914-1918, however, forced its
instructors to leave and the school was closed.
At that time, both the Brazilian Army and Navy had their
own air arms, the Military Aviation and the Naval Aviation.
The Navy bought Curtiss F seaplanes in May 1916 to equip the
339
latter, and in August of the same year, the Naval Aviation
School was created.
The Military Aviation, however, only activated its Military
Aviation School after the Great War, on 10 July 1919. Among
the aircrafts used at the school, one could find the Sopwith
1A2, Bréguet 14A2, and Spad 7.
Until the beginning of the 1940s, both schools continued
with their activities. The Brazilian Government was concerned
with the air war in Europe and decided to concentrate under a
single command the military aviation activities. Thus, on 20
January 1941, the Air Ministry was created and both the Army
and Navy air arms were disbanded, their personnel and
equipment forming the Brazilian Air Force. On 25 March
1941, the Aeronautics School was based at Campo dos
Afonsos, and its students became known as Aeronautics Cadets
from 1943 to the current days.
As early as 1942, it became clear that the Aeronautics
School would need to be transferred to another place, offering
better climate and little interference with the flight instruction
of the future pilots.
The town of Pirassununga was chosen among others, and,
in 1952, the first buildings construction was initiated. The
transfer of the School activities to Pirassununga occurred from
1960 to 1971. The School was redesigned as the Air Force
Academy in 1969.
The motto of the Academy is the Latin expression “Macte
Animo! Generose Puer, sic itur ad astra”, extracted from the
poem Thebaida, by the Roman poet Tatius. It is an exhortation
to the cadets, which can be translated as Courage! This is the
way, oh noble youngster, to the stars.
The instruction of the Aeronautics Cadets, during the four-
year-long course, has its activities centred in the words
COURAGE - LOYALTY - HONOUR - DUTY -
MOTHERLAND. The future officers take courses on several
subjects, including Calculus, Computer Science, Mechanics,
Portuguese and English, given by civilian lecturers, Air Force
instructors and supervisors. The military instruction itself is
given on a daily basis, and the Cadets are trained on different
subjects, including parachuting, and sea and jungle survival.
23) (AFA 2012) Mark the alternative that has the fragment
from the text INCORRECTLY changed into Active
Voice.
a) The air war in Europe concerned The Brazilian
Government. (lines 22, 23)
b) Someone chose the town of Pirassununga among others.
(line 35)
c) Somebody redesigned the School as the Air Force
Academy. (lines 38, 39)
d) The officers trained the Cadets on different subjects.
(lines 52, 53)
24) (AFA 2015) Choose the best option to complete the active
form of the sentence: “The study of friendship is included
in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology,
philosophy, and zoology” (lines 17 to 19).
The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology,
philosophy, and zoology ______________ the study of
friendship.
a) Include
b) have included
c) are including
d) have been including
25) (AFA 2016) Choose the best option to change the sentence
“human capacities are represented in the brain” (line 32),
into the active form.
The brain _______________ human capacities.
a) has represented
b) represents
c) has been represented
d) representing
26) (AFA 2018) Mark the option in which the sentence is an
example of passive voice.
a) Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as inherently
antisocial, biologically driven by the undisciplined id's
pleasure principle. (lines 21 to 23)
b) People who haven't met their most basic needs will have
difficulty maturing. (lines 31 and 32)
c) Humans have been captivated by stories of heroes
facing off against superhuman foes. (lines 49 to 51)
d) We have needed heroes who rise to the occasion,
overcome great odds and take down giants.(lines 85 to
87)
27) (AFA 2020) The statement “many people were injured by
falling glass” (line 7) stands for
Falling glass _______ many people.
a) have injured
b) has injured
c) had injured
d) injured
28) (Escola Naval 2012) Which alternative contains a clause
from the passage in the active voice?
The ABSTRACT is not a part of the body of the report
itself. Rather, the abstract is a brief suramary of the report
contents that is often separately circulated so potential
readers can decide whether to read the report. The abstract
should very concisely summarize the whole report: why it
was written, what was discovered or developed, and what is
claimed to be the significance of the effort. The abstract
does not include figures or tables, and only the most
significant numerical values or results should be given.
(Adapted from http://www.columbia.edu)
a) [...] that is often separately circulated [...]
b) The abstract should very concisely summarize the
whole report [...].
c) [...] why it was written [...].
d) [...] what is claimed to be the signif icance of the effort.
e) [...] only the most significant numerical values or results
should be given.
29) (Escola Naval 2013) Which alternative contains a clause
from the passage in the passive voice?
“There is nothing the internet likes more than rumours
about Apple products. In the last few days, specifically, it
was rumours about the possible apperance of an iWatch.
The frenzy of speculation was sparked by an article written
by interface expert Bruce Tognazinni, who argued that a
watch would “fill a gaping hole in the Apple ecosystem”
and herald a new phase in how we Interact with technology.
The article offered no proof that Aple was working on a
watch – or that the device that the device that was rapidly
christened an iWatch was even a timekeeper. But the story
– true or not – offers a fascinating insight into the rapidly
emerging field of wearable computing.”
(Adapted and abridged from http://www.bbc.com)
340
a) [...] it was rumours about the possible apperance of na
iWatch.
b) [...] a watch would “fill a gaping hole in the Apple
ecosystem” [...]
c) The article offered no proof that Aple [...]
d) [...] or that the device that the device that was rapidly
christened na iWatch [...]
e) But the story offers a fascinating insight [...]
30) (Escola Naval 2014) Which alternative contains a clause
from the passage in the passive voice?
Discoveries of oil off Brazil’s coast were cited as
justifications for increasing Brazil’s navy. While the oil
finds will almost certainly increase Brazil’s future
prosperity, the US sought to turn the strategic dialogue in
Brazil away from fantasies that another country - -
potentially the United States - - would try to seize the oil
fields to a productive discussion of energy security and the
importance of maintaining freedom of the seas. The April
2008 announcement of the reactivation of the US Fourth
Fleet caught Brazil by surprise and provoked Much
negative commentary. Even many Brasilians not prone to
accept the wild-eyed theories of U.S. intentions to invade
the Amazon suspected that the announcement, coming as it
did on the heels of President Lula’s announcement that
Brazil had discovered more oil off the Brazilian coast,
could not have been a coincidence.
(Adapted from http://www.globslsecurity.org)
a) Discoveries of oil off Brazil’s coast were cited as
justifications for increasing Brazil’s navy.
b) While the oil finds will almost certainly increase
Brazil’s future prosperity [...]
c) [...] another country - - potentially the United States - -
would try to seize the oil fields.
d) The April 2008 announcement of the reactivation of the
US Fourth Fleet caught Brazil by surprise.
e) [...] coming as it did on the heels of President Lula’s
announcement [...], could not have been a coincidence.
31) (ITA 2013) A opção que contém a reescrita correta de “...
science was being stifled by militarism or religious
fanaticism.” (linha 3) é: Militarism or religious fanaticism
a) were stifling science.
b) had been stifling science.
c) were being stifling science.
d) has stifling science.
e) Have been stifling science.
32) (ITA 2014) Assinale a opção em que a construção verbal
está na voz ativa.
a) Panini […] has produced sticker albums for... (linhas 2 e
3)
b) As the spaces get filled... (linha 7)
c) …each sticker is printed in the same... (linha 12)
d) ...which was broadly borne out in practice. (linha 16)
e) ...where a child who has a card prized by many... (linha
19)
33) (EsFCEx 2011) Choose the alternative that correctly shows
a sentence in the passive voice:
a) She got the job.
b) I got sick after Carnival.
c) She got invited to the show.
d) He got stressed before the game.
e) They got great grades on the test.
34) (VUNESP 2021) Note the use of the passive in “Casual Gabarito
conversation is said to be less frank than conversation in 1) A
Greece”. Another correct use of an impersonal passive is 2) C
found in alternative 3) A
a) The Prime Minister has been reported to be very fearful 4) C
about the consequences of workers’ strikes in pandemic 5) A
times. 6) C
b) New York City’s school employes are being classified 7) D
according to their basic special skills. 8) B
c) A different judgement could have been pronounced, but 9) C
unfortunately the result came out too quickly. 10) D
d) All public manifestations have been banned in the state 11) B
by the new governor. 12) B
e) Attending art lessons may help kids have their 13) D
perceptions of beauty and harmony increased. 14) D
35) (EsFCEx 2010) Choose the alternative that correctly states 15) A
the voice in the sentences below: 16) B
We have lost our keys. They were singing a song. The bike 17) D
is being fixed. 18) B
a) active - passive – passive 19) D
b) passive - active – active 20) A
c) active - passive – active 21) B
d) passive - passive – passive 22) E
e) active - active - passive 23) D
24) A
25) B
26) C
27) D
28) B
29) D
30) A
31) A
32) A
33) C
34) A
35) E

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 Wh-Questions e Interrogative Pronouns
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Read the Information in the box
below.
Now read the questions.
I – How many suagr is there in an orange?
II – How much suagr is there in an orange?
I – How many eggs are there in a carton?
II – How much eggs are there in a carton?
I – How many calories are there in a banana?
II – How much calories is there in a banana?
Choose the right questions for the information in the box
respectively.
a) II - l – II
b) II - I – I
c) l - ll – l
d) l - l – ll
e) ll - ll - l
2) (Colégio Naval 2018) Mark the correct question for the
following answer.
Angela Tillson is a film location manager in Kauai who has
worked on the set of films including “Jurassic Park: The
Lost World” and “The Descendants”.
a) Who is Ms. Tilson?
b) Where is Ms. Tilson?
c) What is Ms. Tilson like?
d) Why is Ms. Tilson working?
e) When does Ms. Tilson work?
3) (Colégio Naval 2019) Read the extract from the text
'The year is 2020, and it’s 7:45 on a rainy Monday morning,
(...)’
What’s the correct question referring to the underiined
information?
a) What's the weather?
b) What’s the weather like?
c) How is the weather?
d) How is the climate like?
e) What's the climate?
4) (Colégio Naval 2020) Read the sentence below.
"Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace and
balance."
Mark the option that indicates the correct question for the
sentence above.
a) What do you do during meditation?
b) What are the benefits of meditation?
c) Why meditation is good for you?
d) What benefits do meditation have?
e) Does meditation have benefits?
5) (Colégio Naval 2021) Read the following sentence.
“I spend about three to four hours on homework per day”
Mark the option that completes the sentence correctly.
a) How often do you do your hmework?
b) How do you do your homework?
c) How many times do you do your homework?
d) How many hours do students spend on homerwork?
e) How long do you spend doing your homework?
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6) (Colégio Naval 2022) Read the sentence below.
"Last Wednesday we saw Doctor Hill at the bus stop."
Mark the option that indicates the correct question for the
sentence above.
a) When was the last time you went to work by bus?
b) Who do they see at the bus stop on Wednesdays?
c) How long does it take to get to work in the morning?
d) Which doctor did you see - Doctor John or Doctor Hill?
e) Why does Doctor Hill go to work during the week?
7) (EPCAR 2013) Select the question(s) below that have (has)
answer(s) in the sentences I and II (lines 1 - 4).
“Offshore English is a term used by many people for
International English (I). It is the English spoken and
written by non-native speakers in International
communication (II).”
I. How does the speaker use Offshore English?
II. Who speaks Offshore English?
III. What is the term Offshore English?
IV. Why is Offshore English spoken and written?
Mark the right option.
a) Only II and III.
b) Only I.
c) Only IV
d) Only I, II and IV.
8) (EPCAR 2014) Mark the correct question to the sentence
below.
“Dance training helps you to lose weight.”
a) When do you lose weight?
b) What does dance training do?
c) How does dance training help you to lose weight?
d) Who helps you to lose weight?
9) (EPCAR 2015) Mark the option that is the correct question
for the sentence “One of the reasons is the great use of cell
phones (...)” (lines 14-15)
a) When do children practice cyberbullying?
b) What kind of children practice cyberbullying?
c) Why do children often practice cyberbullying?
d) How often do children practice cyberbullying?
10) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the correct question for the sentence
“prejudice based on religious affiliation” (lines 40 and 41).
a) Which prejudice did you talk about?
b) Which religion talked you about?
c) Which affiliation talk you about?
d) Which religious prejudice you talked about?
11) (EPCAR 2016) Mark the sentence below that CANNOT
answer the following question correctly.
“ Which prejudice do you have?” (line 56).
a) I have some.
b) I don't have any.
c) I have none.
d) I don't have no prejudice.
12) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the option with the suitable question
to answer the fragment below.
“When someone is married against their will”. (lines 56 and
57)
a) When does anyone get married?
b) When are women married?
c) When does it happen?
d) When is anyone getting married?
13) (EPCAR 2020) Mark the correct question to the answer
“protect your identity online” (line 32). Consider the
content of the whole paragraph.
a) When should I report it?
b) Where should I sign in?
c) How long should I be online?
d) What should I do?
14) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Read the dialogue and mark the right
expression to complete it correctly.
A: _____________ have you been working as a sergeant?
B: For about 2 years.
a) How
b) How long
c) How much
d) How many
15) (EsPCEx 2017) Which question below has its answer in
paragraph 1?
“Decades of research by organizational scientists,
psychologists, sociologists, economists and demographers
show that socially diverse groups (that is, those with a
diversity of race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation)
are more innovative than homogeneous groups. It means
being around people who are different from us makes us
more creative, more diligent and more hardworking.”
a) Why did the researchers decide to study such a context?
b) Who studied about socially diverse groups?
c) Where did the researchers carry out their studies?
d) How did the researchers carry out their studies?
e) How many people were involved in the research?
16) (AFA 2011) The line “I’ve shared what I made” is the
answer to one question. Mark it.
a) What did I share to make?
b) Who made what I shared?
c) How have I shared what I made?
d) Who’s shared what I made?
Texto para a questão 16
Why are we fascinated by supervillains? Posing the
question is much like asking why evil itself intrigues us, but
there's much more to our continued interest in supervillains
than meets the eye.
Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the Red Skull run
unconstrained by conventional morality, they exist outside the
limits of reality itself. Their evil, even at its most realistic,
retains a touch of the unreal.
But is our fascination with fantastic fiends1 healthy? From
a psychological perspective, views vary on what drives our
enduring interest in superhuman bad guys.
17) (AFA 2018) The sentences below are used in the
interrogative form. Mark the one that is grammatically
correct.
a) Why does evil itself intrigues us? (lines 2)
b) Who run unconstrained by conventional morality? (lines
5 and 6)
c) Who exist outside the limits of reality itself? (lines 6
and 7)
d) What drives our enduring interest in superhuman bad
guys? (lines 10 and 11)
18) (Escola Naval 2012) What is the correct way to answer the
question below? What do you do?
a) I do doctor.
b) I do medicine.
c) I do the medicine.
343
d) I am a doctor.
e) I am doctor.
19) (Escola Naval 2014) Which question word best completes
the paragraph below?
Would you like to know ______ educational specialists
are flocking to Finland? Partly, their interest has been
stimulated by how well Finnish students scored in 2001.
(Adapted from http://www.nesweek.com)
a) why
b) what
c) where
d) who
e) how
20) (Escola Naval 2015) The following headings have been
removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV)
and (V). Number them to indicate the correct order and
choose the corresponding option.
Life in the Navy - Frequently Asked Questions.
Many of your questions about the Navy have been
asked and answered before. See if you can find your
question in the list below. Or, to get the most complete
picture of the Navy, locate your nearest recruiter and set up
a meeting.
(I) ________
It depends. Normally ships will go to sea for 10 days to 2
weeks each month for training operations.
Extended operations away from home port can last up to 6
months, and ships deploy every 18-24 months. This varies
depending on the mission and type of ship. Ships on 6-
month deployments spend time visiting ports throughout
the world. If you are on a shore duty tour, you will likely
spend no time at sea during the course of the duty
assignment (usually 2 to 3 years).
(II) _______
There are plenty of activities available to sailors in their
off-duty time. Depending on the size of the ship, you'll have
areas for exercise, watching movies, playing cards,
emailing friends, and purchasing snacks and other items.
Many ships also provide college classes.
(III) _______
The tempo of operations will dictate actual length. While in
home port or on shore duty, it is very similar to that of
civilian jobs. While out to sea, it is often longer because of
the workload needed to keep the ship, aircraft and other
machinery working properly and efficiently.
(IV) _______
Onder normal circumstances, you will be eligible for
a promotion from E-l to E-2 in 9 months, from E-2 to E-3
in 9 months, and from E-3 to E-4 in 6 months.
Advancements on the basis of merit can occur in basic
training to E-2 without waiting the 9 months. By referring
friends who join the Navy, you can be promoted even
faster!
(V) _______
Once you have completed basic training and any
followup schooling, you will probably move just once to
your first permanent duty station. Naturally, if you stay in
the Navy past your first enlistment (or if you request a
specific deployment) you may have to move again.
(Adapted from https://www.navy.eom/faq.html#section-4)
( ) What things are there for me to do on a ship?
( ) How often will I have to live in another place?
 ( ) How long is the normal workday? 25) (Escola Naval 2020) Analyze the questions below.
( ) How much time will I spend at sea? I- Who does this pencil belong to?
( ) What is the career plan like? II- Who read a book last week?
a) (II) (V) (III) (I) (IV). III- Where did your mother born?
b) (III) (I) (II) (IV) (V). IV- What about are they talking?
c) (II) (I) (III) (V) (IV). V- What fell on the floor yesterday?
d) (IV) (V) (II) (III) (I). Choose the correct option.
e) (IV) (II) (III) (I) (V). a) Only I, lI and lII are grammatically correct.
21) (Escola Naval 2015) Which question word best completes b) Only l, lI and V are grammatically correct.
the paragraph below? c) Only lI and IV are grammatically correct.
The National Gallery in London is among a d) Only lI, lII and V are grammatically correct
growing number of venues that have banned selfie sticks. e) Only lII and V are grammatically correct.
________ is so wrong with walking around a gallery taking 26) (Escola Naval 2021) Which word best completes the
pictures of yourself ? The gallery says it needs to protect question below?
artworks and other visitors. But some users can’t see what _______ advice do you follow more, your parents’ or your
the fuss is about. friends advice?
(Adapted from http://www.bbc.com). a) Who
a) Which. b) Whom
b) Why. c) Whose
c) What. d) When
d) When. e) Where
e) Who. 27) (EsFCEx 2009) Choose the alternative that best completes
22) (Escola Naval 2016) Which question word best completes the dialogue below.
the paragraph below? A. ____________ different types of penguins inhabit the
So if smoking is so bad for you, ______ is it so hard to South Pole?
quit? Stopping smoking is difficult for several reasons: B. I don’t know. Ten, maybe.
nicotine is highly addictive, rewarding psychological A. No, fifteen. And _____________ tall can they grow?
aspects of smoking and genetic predisposition. B. I have no idea. One meter?
(Adapted from http://www.spine-health,com/wellness/stop- A. That’s right. ___________ do they leave the South Pole?
smoking) B. Probably in winter.
a) what A. Excellent.
b) when B. _________ are you asking me all these questions?
c) who A. Because I want to see if you did your homework!
d) whose a) How much – who – When – How
e) why b) How many – how – Where – Which
23) (Escola Naval 2018) Which question word completes the c) How much – when – Who – Why
dialogue correctly? d) How many – who – When – How
Peter:______wasn’t Mary at work yesterday? e) How many – how – When – Why
Jane: She was ill. 28) (Unoesc 2021) Considering the questions and answers
a) When below, which alternative presents the correct use of the
b) Where interrogative pronouns, respectively?
c) Who 1. Q:__________ do you from? A: I´m from in Canada.
d) Why 2. Q:__________ will you arrive in Brazil? A: Next week.
e) Which 3. Q:__________ is your favorite fruit, banana or Orange?
24) (Escola Naval 2019) Which word best completes the A: It´s banana.
question below? 4. Q:__________ telephone keeps ringing? A: It´s mine.
How________ do YOU look at your phone? a) What / Whose / Who / What.
The average user now picks up their device more than b) Where / When / Which / Whose.
1,500 times a week. c) Where / Why / What / Which.
(http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech) d) Where / When / Whose / What.
a) far 29) (CETREDE 2019) Create a question for the following
b) old answer:
c) high This course has four levels.
d) often What alternative has the best question?
e) many a) How many levels does this course have?
b) How many levels this course has?
c) How has four levels?
d) How many levels has this course?
e) This course has how many levels?

344
30) (CEV – URCA 2021) Complete the interview below with Gabarito
the correct interrogative pronoun: Mr. Smith is applying for 1) B
a job. Right now, he is being interviewed by Mrs. Joy, head 2) A
of the personnel department. 3) B
4) B
5) E
6) D
7) A
8) B
9) C
10) A
11) D
Mrs. Joy: ________ is your full name, please? 12) C
Mr. Smith: Thomas Wilson. 13) D
Mrs. Joy: ________ are you from? 14) B
Mr. Smith: Canada. 15) B
Mrs. Joy: ________ were you born? 16) D
Mr. Smith: I was born on March 7, 1956. 17) D
Mrs. Joy: _________ did you know about our job offer? 18) D
Mr. Smith: Through the ad you put in the newspaper.
19) A
a) What - Where - How – Why 20) A
b) Who - How - Where – When 21) C
c) What - Where - When – How
22) E
d) What - Who - When – How 23) D
e) How - Who - When - What 24) D
25) B
26) C
27) E
28) B
29) A
30) C

345
 Question tags e tag answers a) isn’t she
b) isn’t it
1) (EPCAR 2015) Mark the option to complete the sentence
c) does it
with the correct tag question form. “They bring together the
parents of victims, ________” (lines 37-38) d) doesn’t it
8) (EEAr 2. 2021) Choose the best Question Tag for the
a) do they?
sentence below:
b) are they?
c) don't they? Epic confirmed the temporary removal of shopping carts in
d) aren’t they? a tweet,______________?
2) (EPCAR 2017) Mark the option that shows the appropriate a) doesn’t it
question tag for the sentence. b) didn’t it
c) isn’t it
He's right there in the back seat”, ______? (line 8)
d) did it
a) isn't he
9) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the correct alternative to complete
b) hasn't he
the gap in the comic strip.
c) isn't there
d) is he
3) (EPCAR 2019) “Do we have neighbours beyond Earth?”
(lines 76 and 77).
One of the alternatives DOESN’T answer the question.
Mark it.
a) No, we haven't.
b) Probably not.
c) I don't think so.
d) No, we don't.
4) (EPCAR 2020) “Would I be happy for absolutely everyone
to see this?” (lines 46 and 47). The only INCORRECT
answer for the question above is
a) I sure wouldn’t.
b) I don’t think so.
c) of course I won’t. a) Isn’t life
d) no way! b) Isn’t it
5) (EPCAR 2021) Mark the alternative that shows the c) Is life
appropriate question tag for the sentence. d) Is it
Many parents are concerned with their child’s seemingly 10) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Choose the alternative that completes
obsessive video game play, ______? the sentence correctly.
a) isn't it You wouldn’t believe him, __________?
b) doesn't it a) do you
c) don't they b) don’t you
d) aren't they c) would you
6) (EEAr 1. 2017) Look at the following statements and d) wouldn’t you
choose the correct question tags: 11) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Read the following sentences.
1 – It snowed last night, _______________? I- You and your brother know how to dance, don’t you?
2 – She shouldn’t be aggressive to people, _____________? II- The dog and the cat fight a lot, don’t they?
3 – You haven’t closed the door, _________________? III- Don’t be late, do you?
4 – You are going to the party with us, ____________? IV- Let’s dance, won’t you?
a) doesn’t it – shouldn’t she – aren’t you – going you Choose the alternative that contains grammatically correct
b) didn’t it – should she – have you – aren’t you sentences.
c) did it – should she – haven’t you – aren’t you a) I and II
d) didn’t it – ought to – have you – will you b) IV and I
7) (EEAr 2. 2019) The correct QUESTION TAG to complete c) III and IV
this sentence in the text is: d) II and III
12) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that completes
Peanut’s thought.

a) doesn’t it

346
 b) does it c) isn't he?
c) isn’t it d) doesn't he?
d) is it e) is he?
13) (AFA 2012) One extracted fragment has its correct Tag 20) (Escola Naval 2015) Which of the options completes the
Question. Mark the item. sentence correctly? Mary has a brother,____________ ?
a) The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain a) does Mary.
from infancy to old age, don’t they? b) doesn't she.
b) Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight c) has she.
years, has it? d) hasn't Mary.
c) These processes include ignoring distractions to stay e) does he.
focused, aren’t they? 21) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the correct alternative to
d) Nobody ever doubted the power of language, did they? complete this sentence?
14) (AFA 2016) Mark the option which shows the appropriate "There's been a rumor that Jane is seeing someone from the
question tag for the sentence “one unanticipated office, (1) ____ ?"
consequence has driven me to distraction” (lines 24 and a) is there
25). b) isn't there
a) Hasn’t driven it? c) has there
b) Not has it? d) hasn't there
c) Has it? e) doesn't it
d) Hasn’t it? 22) (Escola Naval 2016) Which of the options completes the
15) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the option with the correct tag sentence correctly?
questions for the sentences below. Peter's got blue eyes, _____ ?
1. You weren’t listening, ____________________? a) isn't he
2. She doesn’t’t know him, __________________? b) does Peter
3. I’m a bit overweight, _____________________? c) doesn't he
4. Don’t open your eyes, ____________________? d) has Peter
a) weren’t you / does she / aren’t I / do you e) hasn't he
b) were you / doesn’t she / aren’t I / do you 23) (Escola Naval 2019) Which option completes the sentence
c) were you / does she / aren’t I / will you below correctly?
d) weren’t you / doesn’t she / am I not / do you Like any technology, artificial intelligence has both positive
e) were you / doesn’t she / am I not / do you aspects and more worrying aspects, ________?
16) (EFOMM 2012) ‘Could I help you, sir?’ ‘Would you be so (Adapted from: https://cryptoid.com.br/international-
kind as to tell me how much news/artificial-intelligence-and-the-energy-sector-huge-
__________________________?’ potential-tough-questions/)
a) does this CD player cost a) haven’t they
b) this CD player costs b) hasn’t it
c) cost this CD player c) doesn't it
d) is the cost of this CD player d) don’t they
e) cost is the CD player e) aren’t they
17) (EFOMM 2012) 24) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the sentence
I - Let’s start the presentation, ___________? below correctly?
II - Nobody phoned, __________? Spinach is very thin, so there's more loss of moisture and
III - Don’t open your books, ______________? exposure to heat and oxygen compared to a carrot, _______
IV - There is a nice restaurant near here, ______________? ?
a) won’t we/ did they/ do you/ is there (Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)
b) will we/ didn’t they/ don’t you/ isn’t there a) is there
c) shall we/ did they/ do you/ isn’t there b) did it
d) shall we/ did they/ will you/ isn’t there c) isn't there
e) will we/ didn’t they/ will you/ is there d) didn't it
18) (Escola Naval 2011) Which of the alternative below e) does it
completes the sentence correctly? 25) (Escola Naval 2021) Which option completes the
Let’s go to the mall, ____________ (1)? paragraph below correctly?
a) will be “Would you like to go to Vyas Chhatri, madam?”
b) won’t we Lal asks, as I get back into the car. “It was built in honour
c) shall we of Maharishi Ved Vyas. I’m sure your head tells you to go
d) don’t we back, but your heart doesn’t want to let go of the
e) let we opportunity, _________?
19) (Escola Naval 2012) Which is the correct option to a) aren’t you
complete the sentence below? b) isn’t it
He's done a lot of work today, (1)____ ? c) dos it
a) hasn't he? d) is it
b) does he? e) doesn’t it

347
26) (Escola Naval 2022) Which option completes the sentence 32) (MetroCapital Soluções 2020) Choose the best option to
below correctly? complete the sentences:
You had a dog when you were a kid, ____________? 1. So he won't give me my money back, _____?
a) hadn’t you 2. You're not going to study, _____?
b) had you 3. I don't think anyone will go, _____?
c) didn’t you 4. Everything is fine, ______?
d) have you a) will he – aren't you – will they – isn't it.
e) weren’t you b) won’t he – are you – will they – is it.
27) (EFOMM 2010) Choose the option with the correct tag c) will he – are you – won't they – isn't it.
questions for the sentences below. d) won’t he - aren’t you – won't they – is it.
1) Come here _________________? e) All answers are incorrect.
2) Let’s talk, _______________?
3) I’m late, ________________?
4) Don’t close your eyes, _______________?
a) won’t you / won’t we / aren’t / do you
b) won’t you / shall we / aren’t I / do you
c) will you /shall we / aren’t I / will you
d) will you / won’t we / am I not / will you
e) will you / shan’t we / am I not / do you
28) (AMAUC 2019) About tag questions. A tag question is a
statement plus a mini question. Tick the sentences below
with R (right) W (wrong), after that, choose the correct
alternative.
( ) She went to the clube, didn’t she?
( ) Carmen is not nurse, is she?
( ) Paul can play the piano, can’t he?
( ) Paul was a student, didn’t he?
( ) Mary studies medicine, doesn’t she?
a) R – W – R – R –W
b) R – W – R – R –R
c) R – W – W – R –R
d) W – W – R – R – R
e) R – R – R – W –R
29) (FACET Concursos 2020) Read the sentences extracted
from the article, then analyze the proposed question tags for
them and select the most appropriate alternative:
“The current approach is bust,” (line 9) It has been
rescheduled for next year. (line 18) […] but the UK is not
yet meeting the targets around adequate funding on
biodiversity (lines 34, 35)
I. The current approach is bust , isn’t it?
II. It has been rescheduled for next year, hasn’t it?
III. […] but the UK is not yet meeting the targets around
adequate funding on biodiversity, is it?
a) Items (I), (II) and (III) are incorrect.
b) Items (I), (II) and (III) are correct.
c) Only items (I) and (II) are correct.
d) Only item (III) is correct.
e) Only item (II) is incorrect.
30) (NBS 2021) Mark the option whose tag question is wrong:
a) People have fought for their rights, haven´t they?
b) The man had many stories, hadn´t he?
c) Kids have energy to play, don´t they?
d) The actress has been sick, hasn´t she?
e) Bob has curly hair, doesn´t he?
31) (NBS 2021) The question tag is incorrect in:
a) The secretary doesn´t write his speeches, does she?
b) The doctor had visited his patients, hadn´t he?
c) Sarah has curly hair, hasn´t she?
d) Let the happiness come in, will you?
e) Let´s read together, shall we?

348
 Gabarito
1) C
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) D
6) B
7) B
8) B
9) B
10) C
11) A
12) C
13) D
14) D
15) C
16) B
17) D
18) C
19) A
20) B
21) D
22) E
23) C
24) C
25) C
26) C
27) C
28) E
29) B
30) B
31) C
32) C

349
 Discurso direto e indireto - Reported
Speech
1) (EEAr BCT 2. 2016) Change the sentence below into
indirect speech.
Baby Crab said to Mamma Crab, ‘Show me how to walk
straight (…).’
Baby Crab told _____ how to walk straight (…).
a) his mom to show
b) to his mom show
c) his mom showing
d) to his mom shows
2) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) The correct form of the sentence
“Flight operations to and from Chennai have been affected
due to heavy rains” – announced IndiGo Airlines”, in the
indirect speech is:
a) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
from Chennai would be affected due to heavy rains.
b) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
from Chennai had been affected due to heavy rains.
c) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
from Chennai will be affected due to heavy rains.
d) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
from Chennai was affected due to heavy rains.
3) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) Put this statement into the reported
speech:
She said: “I’m feeling good, she is fine”.
a) She said she feels good, she is fine.
b) She said I’m feeling good, I’m fine.
c) She said she is feeling good, she is fine.
d) She said she was feeling good, she was fine.
4) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Choose the alternative which has the
sentence below correctly reported:
“I kind of looked around to see if there was anything
else, like another piece, or something else other than that,
with writing on it. (…)”, Jaclyn told the outlet.
Jaclyn
a) Jaclyn told CBS5 that she had looked around to see if
there was anything else.
b) Jaclyn said that she looked around and liked another
piece, or something else other than that, with writing on
it.
c) Jaclyn replied: “Is there anything else, like another
piece, or something else other that, with writing on it?”,
while looking around.
d) Jaclyn told CBS5 that if she kind of looked to see if
there was anything else, she might have liked another
piece, or something else other than that, with writing on
it.
5) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Choose the alternative which best
reports the following speech:
“I tried to reach him”, said Mary.
a) She told me she reached him.
b) She told she had tried to reach him.
c) She said she had tried to reach him.
d) She said she would try to reach him.
350
6) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) According to the comic strip, choose
the alternative that reports what the woman said.
a) Surely he didn’t expect her to break off her attack
because he was too close to the edge of the porch.
b) Surely he didn’t expect him to break off his attack
because he was too close to the edge of the porch.
c) Surely she didn’t expect him to break off his attack
because she was too close to the edge of the porch.
d) Surely she didn’t expect her to break off her attach
because he was too close to the edge of the porch.
Texto para a questão 7
Twilight
Twilight is a 2008 American romantic vampire film based
on Stephenie Meyer’s popular novel of the same name. It is the
first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on
the development of the relationship between Bella Swan and
Edward Cullen (a vampire), and the subsequent efforts of
Cullen and his family to keep Swan safe from a coven of evil
vampires.
The project was in development for approximately 3 years
at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation
that differed significantly from the novel was written. Principal
photography took 44 days and the film was primarily shot in
Oregon.
Twilight was theatrically released on November 21 2010,
grossing over US$392 million worldwide and became the most
purchased DVD of the year. The soundtrack was released in the
same year. Following the success of the film, New Moon and
Eclipse, the next two novels in the series, were produced as
films the following year.
Adapted from Wikipedia
7) (AFA 2011) Read the chorus of the song and choose the
correct alternative.
The singer _____ _____ the wrong _____.
a) asked / to forget / he’d done
b) said / forget / I did
c) advised / forgetting / I’ve done
d) told / not to forget / they’ve done
8) (AFA 2012) In the question “Why does the fight between
two simultaneously active language systems improve these
aspects of cognition?” (lines 50 – 53) The author asked
a) if the fight between two simultaneously active language
systems had improved these aspects of cognition.
b) why does the fight between two simultaneously active
language systems improved those aspects of cognition?”
c) why the fight between two simultaneously active
language systems improved those aspects of cognition.
d) if the fight between two simultaneously active language
systems improve these aspects of cognition?”
9) (AFA 2013) The sentence “Thomas Burnett Jr. told his
wife over the phone that ‘I know that we’re all going to die’
” is similar in meaning to
Thomas Burnett Jr.
a) said his wife he knew they were all going to die.
b) said that he knew they were all going to die.
c) asked if he knew they were all going to die.
d) told “I know we’re all going to die”.
10) (AFA 2014) “There is no future in any job. The future lies
in the person who holds the job.” – George W. Crane.
Crane's quotation in the indirect speech is best shown in
a) Crane asked if there is future in any job. The future lay
in the person who will hold the job.
b) Crane said there will be no future in any job. The future
lay in the person who holds the job.
c) Crane says there is no future in any job. The future lies
in the person who held the job.
d) Crane said that there was no future in any job. He also
added that the future lay in the person who held the job.
11) (AFA 2015) Choose the option that shows the sentence
“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and
access services” (lines 86 to 88) in the indirect speech form.
a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to
seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their
friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to
seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends
to seek help and access services.
12) (AFA 2016) Choose the option that shows the indirect
speech form for “These distinctions are consequential.”
(line 92).
Gardner
a) said that those distinctions were consequential.
b) told these distinctions are consequential.
c) said us these distinctions were consequential.
d) told those distinctions are consequential.
13) (AFA 2018) Mark the alternative which has the sentence
below correctly reported.
“[...] is our fascination with fantastic fiends healthy?” (lines
9 and 10)
The author
a) replied: “is our fascination with fantastic fiends
healthy?”
b) said that their fascination with fantastic fiends had been
healthy.
c) told the readers their fascination with fantastic fiends
has been healthy.
d) asked if people’s fascination with fantastic fiends was
healthy.
14) (EFOMM 2019) Which sentence is correct?
a) She said she had observed problems in her class.
b) She told to her boss that she would leave.
c) She told she would buy the books herself.
d) She asked John where did he travei on vacation.
e) She asked John whether was he married.
15) (Escola Naval 2011) On May 2nd my mon asked me: “Do
you know that Osama Bin Laden was assassinated
yesterday?”
Which alternative best reports my mom’s speech?
a) Mom asked me if I know he was assassinated yesterday.
351
b) Mom asked me if I knew he had assassinated the day
before.
c) Mom asked me if I know he assassinated yesterday.
d) Mom asked me if I knew he was assassinated the day
before
e) Mom asked me if I knew he had been assassinated the
day before.
16) (Escola Naval 2012) Which alternative best reports the
stranger's speech in this passage?
In 1953, I got married. A few weeks after the wedding, I
suddenly fell ill. My husband took me to a hospital. I was
there for almost a week. I was in so much pain. And no one
could say for sure what was wrong. One night, in the
hospital, a stranger came to see me. He told me, "Janie,
you1 re going to die tomorrow". That was my name then,
the name I was born with.
(Adapted from http://www.notmyshoes.net/monologues/
hannah-march.html)
a) He told her she was going to die the day after.
b) He said to her she was going to die tomorrow.
c) He told she is going to die the day after.
d) He said to her she is going to die tomorrow.
e) He told her she was going to die tomorrow.
17) (Escola Naval 2014) Which alternative is correct?
a) The teacher said the student do not eat in class.
b) The teacher told the student not to eat in class.
c) The teacher said to the student to not to eat in class.
d) The teacher told to the student not to eat in class.
e) The teacher told the student to do not eat in class.
18) (Escola Naval 2016) Which is the correct option to
complete the dialogue?
What did John tell Mary last Saturday?
John told __________________ the day before.
a) Mary that he will buy some Flowers
b) her that he had bought some Flowers
c) him that he did buy some Flowers
d) to Mary that he bought some Flowers
e) that he has to buy some flowers
19) (Escola Naval 2017) Which is the correct option to
complete the sentence?
Peter: I saw Jane yesterday.
Peter____________________ .
a) said Jane that he saw her yesterday
b) told he saw Jane the previous day
c) says he had seen Jane the following day
d) told Jane that he has seen her the next day
e) said that he had seen Jane the day before
20) (Escola Naval 2018) Which of the sentences below is
INCORRECT?
a) The boy told me that he was sick.
b) The children said that they were happy.
c) The girl said she was extremely tired.
d) The man asked me where was the bank.
e) The students asked me if they were late.
21) (Escola Naval 2019) Mark the correct option to complete
the paragraph below.
The doctor ________ Peggy if she ________ the blood
pressure pill. Peggy________ to the doctor that she
_________ taking it several weeks before. The doctor
________ Peggy ________ taking the medicine again.
(Adapted from McAslan, Mary Sue. Read the Prescription
Label. Balboa Press, 2012, p. 150-151)
 a) said / had taken / told / stopped / said / start
b) asked / was taking / said / stopped / told / start
c) told / had taken / said / had stopped / said / start
d) asked / was taking / admitted / had stopped / told / to
start
e) told / took / admitted / would have stopped / asked / to
start
22) (Escola Naval 2021) Mark the option that completes the
excerpt below correctly.
[...] Then he _______ I ________ a lot, and I _______
that I did. He _______ Where, and I _______ him that I
______ throughout Europe and to the east coast in America,
primarily.
(MCDANIEL, Phyllis. Over the line: a Detective
Bendix Mystery VI. 2013. p. 200)
a) asked / travel / said / asked if / told / had gone
b) asked / traveled / told / asked if / said / went
c) asked if / travel / told / asked / said / go
d) asked if / traveled / told / asked / said / go
e) asked if / traveled / said / asked / told / went
23) (Escola Naval 2022) Mark the option that completes the
text below correctly.
Bill Gregg never suspected that he would solve a 67-
year-old mystery when he began digging a place for a pool.
It was the Middle of July when the started the excavation.
He found a ring and set out to locate its owner.
“I can’t believe that he took the time to find me,” said
Mrs. Gardner, who is 85 years old.
Having already planned a trip back to the area to meet
Gregg, Mrs. Gardner ______________________________
the ring in person.
(Adapted from https://www.sharonherald.com)
a) said him wants to give herself
b) told that she wanted he gave her
c) said she wanted him to give her
d) said that she wanted he to give hers
e) told him she wants him to give hers
24) (ITA 2014) Na frase “She said she had been driving
home from work the night before, and she found herself
behind a man in a convertible” (linhas 3 e 4), a formação
correta quanto ao uso do discurso direto é:
a) She said: “I was driving home from work last night, and
I found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
b) She said: “I had been driving home from work last
night, and I found me behind a man in a convertible”.
c) She said: “I drove home yesterday night from work, and
I had found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
d) She said: “I had driven home the night before, and I
found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
e) She said: “I was driving home from work yesterday, and
I was finding myself behind a man in a convertible”.
25) (EEAr 2010) The indirect speech for “I was challenged by
the language barrier, he said.” Is
a) He said he is being challenged by the language barrier.
b) He said that he had been challenged by the language
barrier.
c) He told us that he has been challenged by the language
barrier.
d) He asked us if he was being challenged by the language
barrier.
26) (Escola Naval 2010) Which alternative best reports what
he said?
352
Mary saw James, her doctor, two days ago.
James said: "See me tomorrow again."
a) He said Mary will see him tomorrow.
b) He told to her to see him the day after.
c) He said to her to see him tomorrow.
d) He told her to see him the day after.
e) He told her to see him the day after tomorrow.
27) (Escola Naval 2009) Mary saw her boyfriend with another
girl and they had a quarrel. She shouted: "Don't come here
anymore! "
Which alternative best reports what she said?
a) She said her boyfriend do not come here anymore.
b) She told to her boyfriend not to come here anymore
c) She said to her boyfriend to not to go there anymore.
d) She told her boyfriend not to come there anymore.
e) She told her boyfriend not to go there anymore.
28) (Escola Naval 2010) Choose the best option to rewrite the
sentence keeping the same meaning.
On August 2"", 2010, Mary asked Peter: "What were you
doing this morning at 8"?
Mary wanted to know what...
a) was he doing this morning at 8?
b) had he done this morning at 8?
c) he had done that morning at 8.
d) he were doing that morning at 8.
e) he was doing that morning at 8.
29) (GSA CONCURSOS 2019) Tony said to Ann: Do you
need my computer? The previous sentence in the Reported
Speech is:
a) Tony asked Ann whether she needs her computer.
b) Tony asks Ann whether she needs her computer.
c) Tony ask Ann whether she need her computer.
d) Tony asked Ann if she needed his computer.
30) (Unoesc 2020) O reported speech, ou discurso indireto, é a
maneira de falar sobre algo que alguém disse ou até mesmo
para repassar uma notícia. Falado na voz de quem está
contando a ação e não na de quem a viveu, esse mecanismo
do idioma possibilita melhorar as técnicas de conversação.
Analise a seguinte oração: “I told my boss I won’t be able
to go to the meeting next week.” Assinale a alternativa cuja
frase, em discurso indireto, indica o mesmo que a oração
apresentada.
a) Jack said that he had told his boss he wouldn’t be able
to go to the meeting the following week.
b) Jack said that he has told his boss he wouldn’t be able to
go to the meeting the following week.
c) Jack said that he has told his boos he won’t be able to
go to the meeting the following week.
d) Jack said that he would tell his boss he won’t be able to
go to the meeting the following week.
31) (FACET Concursos 2020) Analyze the following
sentences regarding the verb tenses and direct or reported
speech.
Choose the alternative that best describes them and in the
correct order:
I. None of them were, leaving global biodiversity in a
parlous state, the statement says. (line 4)
II. Thompson said Scotland was set to meet nine of the
Aichi goals. (line 34)
a) sentence (I) uses simple past and reported speech
b) sentence (II) uses only direct speech
c) sentence (I) uses past continuous
 d) sentence (I) uses direct speech
e) they are both in the present make use of direct speech
32) (NBS 2021) The sentence: Scientists say the three
fragments are roughly 2,600 square kilometres in size. in
the Direct Speech is:
a) Scientists say: The three fragments had roughly 2,600
square kilometres in size.
b) Scientists say: The three fragments are roughly 2,600
square kilometres in size.
c) Scientists say: The three fragments were roughly 2,600
square kilometres in size.
d) Scientists said: The three fragments were roughly 2,600
square kilometres in size.
e) Scientists said: The three fragments are roughly 2,600
square kilometres in size.
33) (IBADE 2019) Focusing on reported speech, choose the
best alternative to rephrase the citation above.
“Let’s face it: most of us were taught in classrooms where
styles of teachings reflected the notion of a single norm of
thought and experience, which we were encouraged to
believe was universal.”
a) She said that most of us had been taught in classrooms
where styles of teachings reflected the notion of a single
norm of thought and experience, which we had been
encouraged to believe had been universal.
b) She asked that most of us were taught in classrooms
where styles of teachings reflected the notion of a single
norm of thought and experience, which we have been
encouraged to believe was universal. Gabarito
c) She advised that most of us were teaching in classrooms 1) A
where styles of teachings reflected the notion of a single 2) B
norm of thought and experience, which we are 3) D
encouraged to believe is universal. 4) A
d) She advised that most of us taught in classrooms where 5) C
styles of teachings reflected the notion of a single norm 6) A
of thought and experience, which we used to be 7) A
encouraged to believe had been universal. 8) C
e) She said that most of us teach in classrooms where 9) B
styles of teachings reflected the notion of a single norm 10) D
of thought and experience, which we are encouraged to 11) D
believe is universal. 12) A
13) D
14) A
15) E
16) A
17) B
18) B
19) E
20) D
21) D
22) E
23) C
24) A
25) B
26) D
27) E
28) E
29) D
30) A
31) A
32) B
33) A

353
 So / Too / Either / Neither / Nor (Priestley, J.B. “The Linden Tree". An inspector calls and
other plays.UK: Penguin, 2001.)
1) (Escola Naval 2011) Chose the best reply to this statement.
a) would / neither would
Dayse: I haven’t seen The King’s Speech yet.
You: _________ (1) b) wouldn’t / so would
c) had / nor had
a) Neither have I
d) hadn’t / so had
b) Nor do I
c) So have I e) didn’t / neither did
d) So do I 8) (Escola Naval 2018) Which of the options completes the
e) So did I excerpt below correctly?
2) (Escola Naval 2012) Which of the alternatives below You're dehydrated - and______your skin
Most of us tend to think of dehydration as a short term
correctly completes the sentence?
problem solved by a glass of water, but board-certified
She will never talk to him again, and (1)____ I.
dermatologist Dr. Janet Prystowsky encourages viewing
a) neither do
skin dehydration as a long-term problem, as consistently
b) either do
failing to get your skin the water it needs can have lasting
c) neither will
results.
d) either won't
(Abridged from https://www.goodhousekeeping.com
e) either will
/beauty/anti-aging/a 36993 /dull-skin-causes/)
3) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the correct alternative to
a) so is
complete the dialogue?
b) so are
Peter: I don't think I've got to study for the test.
c) nor is
Jane: (1) ____ . This subject is really easy.
d) neither is
a) So do I
e) neither are
b) Neither do I
9) (Escola Naval 2021) Which option completes the
c) So have I
d) Neither have I paragraph below correctly?
[...] Go on, don’t let the conservation die. Say something;
e) Neither am I
just keep talking. “Do you read many novels? You do?
4) (Escola Naval 2014) Which is the correct alternative to
complete the dialogue? _____________, or some at least, though nonfiction is
John: I've never gone horseback riding. more in my line ....” .
Sue: ______ I'd be afraid to try. (Adapted from CALVINO, Italo. If on a winter’s night a
a) I wouldn't either traveller. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1981. p.21)
a) I do neither
b) Neither did I
b) So do I
c) So have I
c) Nor do I
d) I haven't either
d) So I do
e) Neither would I
e) Neither do I
5) (Escola Naval 2015) Choose the correct option to complete
10) (Escola Naval 2022) Which option completes the dialogue
the dialogue.
below correctly?
Megan: I'd like to live abroad.
“I want to have na animal,” Rick said futilely, and
Julie: So ______ I. Which country do you have in mind?
gestured empty-handed.
Megan: Probably Australia, because it's hot. I wouldn't
__________ Deckard replied.
like to live in a cold country.
Julie: I wouldn't ________. I hate feeling cold. (Adapted from DICK, Philip K. Do androids dream of
electric sheep? 1968, p. 7)
a) do / too.
a) “So have I,”
b) do / neither.
b) “So do I,”
c) would / too.
c) “Nor have I,”
d) would / neither.
d) “So did I,”
e) would / either.
e) “Nor did I,”
6) (Escola Naval 2016) Choose the best reply to the statement
below. 11) (IESES 2019) Complete the sentences with some or any
I went to school yesterday. and choose the correct alternative.
I am not hungry. I’m not hungry _____.
a) So I did.
I am going out. I am going out ____.
b) So did I .
I haven’t been to China. ___________ .
c) Nor I did. Would you like ____ tea?
d) Neither went I. a) either - too- neither I did – any
e) Neither did I. b) either - too - neither have I – some
7) (Escola Naval 2017) Which of the options completes the c) too - too - neither did I – some
dialogue correctly? d) too - either - neither haven´t I - any
The Linden Tree 12) I don’t like rainy days and _____ does my boyfriend.
Mrs Linden: (...) You’d like some tea,,______you, Rex? a) So
Rex: A cup, certainly. b) Too
Jean: And______ Marion and I. c) Neither

354
 d) Either 23) (Mackenzie) Indicate the alternative that best completes the
13) A: Wanda will be able to see her son’s school presentation. following sentence:
B: That’s awesome! _____ will I. Anne disliked our new roommate, and __________.
a) Too a) I didn't too
b) So b) I didn't either
c) Neither c) neither did I
d) Either d) never did he
14) A: Which movie do you want to watch? An action movie or e) so did I
a dramatic one? 24) (Mackenzie) Indicate the alternative that best completes the
B: I choose _____ of them! following sentence:
a) Too I haven't finished the homework and __________.
b) Either a) my brother hasn't either
c) So b) neither my brother
d) Neither c) so did my brother
15) My sister is going to start in a new job today! And _____ d) either hasn't my brother
am I! e) neither does my brother
a) Neither 25) (Mackenzie) Indicate the alternative that best completes the
b) Either following sentence:
c) So Paulo knows how to drive a truck and ___________.
d) Too a) Mark does neither
16) A: Which juice do you want, orange or grape? b) either does Mark
B: Whatever, I don’t like _____. c) so does Mark
a) Either d) nor does Mark
b) Neither e) Mark does either
c) Nor 26) (EFOMM) Philip: "- She's got a place at college!"
d) So Kate: "- __________!"
17) A: I don’t like shrimps. _____ does Patricia. a) So have I
a) So b) So I have
b) Nor c) And I
c) Either d) I am too
d) Neither e) So am I
18) _____ of these films won an Oscar. 27) (JFS) Mr. Anderson can’t speak Chinese.
a) Neither a) Neither I can.
b) So b) Neither can I.
c) Too c) So can I.
d) Either d) So I can.
19) I don’t know which chair I prefer! I can _____ choose the 28) Boyle: I didn’t play poker last night.
pink one _____ the blue one. Jack: _____I.
a) Nor / either a) Nither played I.
b) Either / or b) Neither I.
c) Either / nor c) Neither did I.
d) Neither / or d) Neither didn’t I.
20) A: Have you ever tried champagne? 29) Neither of us _____.
B: No and _____ has Vanessa. a) Are hungry.
a) So b) Is tired.
b) Neither c) Were there.
c) Either d) Is have.
d) Too 30) Joseph: I don’t like onions.
21) Sincerely, I didn’t like this desk. _____ did my roommate. Marie: _____ I.
a) So a) neither do
b) Neither b) neither does
c) Either c) neither I
d) Too d) so either
22) (FUVEST) Selecione a alternativa que preenche 31) Holt: I’m not a big fan of Rock and Roll.
corretamente a lacuna: Amy: ______ am I.
My mother doesn't drink tea and __________ do I. a) Neither
a) or b) Either
b) also c) Too
c) too d) So
d) either
e) neither

355
 Gabarito
1) A
2) C
3) B
4) D
5) E
6) B
7) B
8) A
9) B
10) B
11) B
12) C
13) B
14) D
15) C
16) A
17) B
18) A
19) B
20) B
21) B
22) E
23) E
24) A
25) C
26) A
27) B
28) C
29) B
30) A
31) A

356
 Orações Condicionais – If Clauses 6) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) The sentence “If young people don’t
control the hours they spend on-line, they won’t stay out of
1) (EPCAR 2017) Complete the fragment below with the
trouble.” can be correctly replaced by:
grammatically correct verb tense.
According to paragraph four, if the earth is hollow, you a) Unless young people control the hours they spend on-
line, they will stay out of trouble.
________ it via portals at the north and south poles.
b) Unless young people control the hours they spend on-
(paragraph four ) Don't give up, readers. We're halfway
through this list. We can make it to the end. Dig6 deep. line, they won’t stay out of trouble.
Well, not too deep. You see, the Earth is hollow7 and c) If young people controls the hours they spend on line,
accessible via portals at the north and south poles. Luckily they will unless stay out of trouble.
though, it's quite habitable down there, providing excellent d) Unless young people don’t control the hours they spend
on line, they won’t stay out of trouble.
living quarters8 for the lost Viking colonies of Greenland
7) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) The sentence “I wouldn’t marry you,
and the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just visitors from
unless you were the last girl on Earth” has the same
the subterranean areas.
meaning as:
a) accessed
a) I would marry you only if you were the last girl on
b) have entered
Earth.
c) will reach
b) If you were the last girl on Earth, I wouldn’t marry you.
d) stays
c) If you weren’t the last girl on Earth, I would marry you.
2) (EPCAR 2019) Mark the alternative that completes the
d) If I married you, you would be the last girl on Earth.
sentence below correctly.
8) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) If Hagar’s friend had told the soldiers
All exploration will happen if they ___ robotic space
what he was asked to in English he would have said:
probes.
a) will use
b) using
c) use
d) are going to use
3) (EEAr 2. 2018) The sentence in the text “As you know, if
you dedicate to your studies, you will succeed in life.” is
classified by
a) If you go away, we will not harm you.
a) Second Conditional.
b) If they go away, we will not harm you.
b) Third Conditional.
c) If you went away, we will not harm you.
c) First Conditional.
d) If they will go away, we will not harm you.
d) Zero Conditional.
9) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Choose the alternative to have the
4) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the conditional sentence that
text completed correctly.
correctly summarizes the text.
Your parents tell you to wear sunscreen when you're
Volcano eruption in Italy
outside in the summer. And they are certainly right.
A volcano eruption in southern Italy caused chaos in the
Sunscreen protects your skin from ultraviolet light rays.
skies yesterday. The eruption produced a cloud of smoke
Too much ultraviolet is bad for your skin. If you spend a
that slowly spread itself over an area of thousands of square
long time outside without any sunscreen on, you ________
kilometers. The excessive amount of ash particles in the
a sunburn because of the ultraviolet rays.
airspace caused a biplane to crash. The fine gray particles
(Adapted from http://www.grammarbank.com)
got inside both engines and, all of a sudden, neither of them
a) would have got
were working. The crash had one fatal victim: a 21-year-old
b) might have got
pilot named Antonella Ponzini. Her father, a rich
c) might get
landowner, is said to be devastated at the loss of his only
d) would get
daughter.
10) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Read the following structure:
a) If a volcano erupts, planes crash.
If he had won a million dollars, he would have traveled
b) The plane would crash if there wasn’t an eruption.
to China.
c) If the volcano didn’t erupt, the plane wouldn’t crash.
The correct alternative which is in the same structure is:
d) The pilot would have no choice other than crashing the
a) If George had died young, he wouldn’t have had
plane, if the volcano erupted.
children.
5) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) Choose the correct alternative to
b) If you win too much money, you will travel abroad.
complete the sentence
c) If air expends, it becomes lighter.
After landing safely pilots and crew will have a few
d) If I had time, I could read more.
days of rest _____.
11) (EEAr BCT 1. 2022) Which of the options below has the
a) if they have been on a long distance flight.
same meaning as the following sentence:
b) if they will be on a long distance flight.
“I won’t move home if I don’t find a job soon.”
c) if they were on a long distance flight.
a) I will move home unless I find a job soon.
d) if they are on a long distance flight.
b) I will move home if I don’t find a job soon.
c) I won’t move home unless I find a job soon.
d) If I didn’t find a job, I wouldn’t move home.

357
12) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that completes 17) (EFOMM 2012)
the sentence in the first frame with the correct verb to I - I wish you _____________ all the water! I’m thirsty.
express emphasis. II - If you hadn’t helped me, I ___________ the task so
easily.
III - If you __________ me back, I wouldn’t have to
borrow money from my parents.
IV - If it ________________ for the goalkeeper, our team
would have lost.
a) didn’t drink/ wouldn’t finish/ had paid/ weren’t
b) hadn’t drunk/ wouldn’t finish/ had paid/ hadn’t been
c) hadn’t drunk/ wouldn’t have finished/ have paid/ wasn’t
d) didn’t drink/ wouldn’t have finished/ paid/ weren’t
e) hadn’t drunk/ wouldn’t have finished/ paid/ hadn’t been
18) (EFOMM 2013) Mark the correct option to complete the
sentence. ‘Why aren’t you going to London with your
parents?’
‘If only I ____________ enough time, I’d certainly go with
a) do
them’.
b) did
a) was having
c) does
b) will have
d) would
c) would have
13) (AFA 2011) After reading the first item of the instructions,
d) had
mark the option that completes the gap in the converted
e) have
sentence below.
19) (EFOMM 2014) Which verb form can complete the
“If you want to become a stunt double you ________
sentence correctly?
exercise regularly.”
“If we _______________ by lunchtime, we had better
a) had to
hurry.”
b) might
a) get there
c) could
b) will get there
d) must
c) would get there
14) (AFA 2013) Mark the right option to complete the
d) are to get there
statement.
e) could get there
If the plane hadn’t been delayed in taking off, the
20) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the alternative with the verbs that
passengers ________ about the events in New York and
correctly complete the sentences below.
Washington.
1 - If I were you, I _____ him the truth.
a) wouldn’t have known
2 - If I had been in your place, I _____ this.
b) shouldn’t have known
3 - If I knew her name, I ____ you.
c) would know
4 - If I hadn’t saved money, I _____ this sports car now.
d) hadn’t known
5 - If it rains next Sunday, I _____ home.
15) (AFA 2018) The sentence “[...] Abraham Maslow held that
a) tell – wouldn't say – will tell - will buy – will stay
people who haven't met their most basic needs will have
b) told – would say – would tell - would buy – would have
difficulty maturing.” (lines 31 and 32) means the
stayed
psychologist believes that
c) would tell – wouldn't have said – should tell – wouldn’t
a) if people don’t become mature, they will have trouble
buy – will stay
meeting their basic needs.
d) will tell - would have said – had told – buy – would stay
b) if Abraham Maslow hadn’t met his basic needs, people
e) would have told – wouldn't have said – should tell – am
would have had difficulty maturing.
buying – will stay
c) unless people fulfill their basic necessities, getting
21) (EFOMM 2015) Say if the sentences below are C (correct)
mature won’t be easy for them.
or I (incorrect).
d) unless one gets their basic necessities, they won’t have
( ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have
difficulty maturing.
gone home.
16) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the correct alternative to complete
( ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs.
the following sentence:
( ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in
“If she hadn’t been so bad-tempered, I _________ her.”
Santiago overnight.
a) shall have married
( ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.
b) ought to have married
The correct sequence is:
c) might have married
a) (I) (I) (C) (I)
d) will have married
b) (I) (I) (I) (C)
e) must have married
c) (I) (C) (C) (I)
d) (I) (C) (I) (I)
e) (C) (I) (I) (C)

358
22) (EFOMM 2017) Which option is NOT correct?
a) If your mother will fill in this form, I’ll prepare her
ticket.
b) If Ann won’t be here on Monday, we’d better cancel the
meeting.
c) If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a
letter.
d) Hadn’t we missed the plane, we would all have been
killed in the crash.
e) If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what I’d
have done.
23) (EFOMM 2019) Mark the only option which is
INCORRECT.
a) If I were you, I wouldn't ask for bank loans so often.
b) If she had worked harder, she wouldn't be out-of-work
now.
c) Lisa wouldn't have met John if she hadn't gone to that
party.
d) I'd be more patient with my parents if I didn't live with
them.
e) They'd leam how to cook if they need to live by
themselves.
24) (Escola Naval 2011) Which is the correct option to
complete the sentence below?
If nobody ________ (1) anything at once, I ________ (2)
the police!
a) doesn’t do – will have call
b) do – won’t have call
c) do – have to call
d) does – will have to call
e) will do – have to call
25) (Escola Naval 2012) Which of the alternatives below
correctly completes the sentence?
According to some scientífic studies, if children (1)
______ exposed to dirt early in life, their immune system
will be strengthened.
a) is
b) are
c) will be
d) won' t be
e) were
26) (Escola Naval 2013) Which is the best seuqence to
complete the paragraph?
“If you have to deliver bad News, (1) _______ offer
unnecessary details because when you (2) ________ every
single reason for your decision, the Other person can use
those reasons as negotiation points. Your decision is firm,
and this will come across most clearly if you (3) ______
short and to the point.”
(Adapted from http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Assertive)
a) won’t – will explain – will be
b) doesn’t – explain – be
c) don’t – explain – are
d) won’t – will explain – are
e) don’t – explain – will be
27) (Escola Naval 2013) Which alternative below is
INCORRECT?
a) If my father were alive, he would be turning 70 next
week.
b) If my boyfriend would have a job, we could get married.
c) They would be happier if they had a house by the sea.
d) Would you go to the party if you weren’t feeling well?
e) I would go out with him if he was more polite.
28) (Escola Naval 2014) Which is the best sequence to
complete the paragraph?
Dangerous bactéria can become resistant to antibiotics if
they _________________ prescribed too often. That is why
the overuse of antibiotics is harmful.
a) won' t be
b) are
c) will be
d) aren't
e) can't be
29) (Escola Naval 2015) Analyze these sentences.
I - Would you still love me if I hurt you?
II - I wouldn't travel alone if I were you.
III - Even if she would study, she didn't pass.
IV - If you would stop smoking, you'd be able to run the
marathon.
V - She wouldn't eat broccoli even if you'd cover it
with cheese.
Choose the correct option.
a) Only I and II are grammatically correct.
b) Only II and III are grammatically correct.
c) Only II and IV are grammatically correct.
d) Only I and IV are grammatically correct.
e) Only II and V are grammatically correct.
30) (Escola Naval 2015) Which option contains a correct
sentence?
a) Medical students are taught that if they were
empathetic and used the right body language, patients
will see them as compassionate.
b) Medical students are taught that if they are
empathetic and use the right body language, patients
will see them as compassionate.
c) Medical students are taught that if they are
empathetic and use the right body language, patients
would see them as compassionate.
d) Medical students are taught that if they are
empathetic and use the right body language, patients
saw them as compassionate.
e) Medical students are taught that if they were
empathetic and used the right body language, patients
saw them as compassionate.
31) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below ?
How to Succeed in High School - Studying at Home
In order to be successful, set regular study
and homework hours. Making this part of your routine
creates a positive pattern for success. Create a well-lit study
area. _______ a CD player if you _______ it helps you
stay focused. Otherwise, highlight the space with yellow
and other upbeat hues that may help keep your mind fresh.
(Adapted and abridged form http://teenadvice.about.com).
a) Including / find.
b) Including / will find.
c) Include / find.
d) Include / will find.
e) Include / would find.

359
32) (Escola Naval 2016) Which of the sentences below is c) If you have your own space, it can be really easy to live
INCORRECT? in almost exclusively.
a) If the Earth dies, you die. If you die, the planet surely d) You’d get bored if you spend your entire day essentially
survives. in your bedroom.
b) If you don't want to wait 1.5 seconds, press Control- e) If you see your children are not doing their work, just
Power button. check up on them.
c) I will not go away if you promise to change and behave
yourself.
d) You could see it through my eyes if you would realize
how special you are.
e) My mother is going to kick me out tomorrow unless I
stop all contact with my boyfriend.
33) (Escola Naval 2017) Which of the sentences below is
correct?
a) You wouldn’t spend so much if you didn’t have a good
salary.
b) If you would plan to use Wi-Fi, connect your TV with
your router.
c) Unless he tried hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.
d) If he were married, he won’t travel alone so much.
e) She won’t buy a new car even if she'll have the money.
34) (Escola Naval 2018) Mark the sentence that is correct
a) If Lory was honest, she pays what she owes you.
b) If I wouldn’t take extra classes, I won’t pass my finals.
c) I’d be able to see Mark if l will stay in town more
nights.
d) If I were you, I wouldn’t spend all that money on
clothes.
e) She would be offended if I won’t attended her wedding.
35) (Escola Naval 2019) Mark the sentence that is correct.
a) If your computer didn’t have Bluetooth support, you
could bought a cheap Bluetooth adapter.
b) If your computer wouldn’t have Bluetooth support, you
could buy a cheap Bluetooth adapter.
c) If your computer hadn’t Bluetooth support, you could
be able to buy a cheap Bluetooth adapter.
d) If your computer doesn’t have Bluetooth support, you
can buy a cheap Bluetooth adapter.
e) If your computer won’t have Bluetooth support, you
will buy a cheap Bluetooth adapter.
36) (Escola Naval 2020) Mark the sentence that is
grammatically INCORRECT.
a) If you want to be an expert talker when speaking to real
life emergency services dispatchers, know your
location.
b) If the company pushed the update to everyone's TVs
automatically, the servers would be badly affected.
c) If you don't like the idea of using metal to build your
drone, you can use other materials that are flexible.
d) If you will want to take aerial photos and record the
surroundings while flying your drone, you will need a
camera.
e) If the callers are unable to answer the questions, the
dispatcher taking emergency calls has to act
immediately.
37) (Escola Naval 2021) Mark the sentence that is
INCORRECT.
a) You’d feel like dozing off in class if no one could see or
hear you doing that.
b) If your face is on the screen, it’ll definitely make it just
a better experience.

360
 Gabarito
1) C
2) C
3) C
4) C
5) D
6) B
7) A
8) A
9) C
10) A
11) C
12) A
13) D
14) A
15) C
16) C
17) E
18) D
19) D
20) C
21) D
22) D
23) E
24) D
25) B
26) C
27) B
28) B
29) A
30) B
31) C
32) D
33) A
34) D
35) D
36) D
37) D

361
 Determinantes – Determiners 5) (AMEOSC 2018) We often use two nouns together to
show that one thing is a part of something else. Identify the
1) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) The correct words to fill in the blanks
wrong noun modifier used.
(line 2 and 3) are, respectively:
Meet the 'homeless man' who flies the world first class a) A shopping list.
b) An ice bucket.
For the last year and a half, Ben Schlappig has been
c) The chair’s leg.
essentially homeless. The 25-year-old American has
______ fixed address, ______ the keys to his own front d) A potato peeler.
door. Why bother paying rent, he figured, when a bed was 6) (IPEFAE 2019) Choose the correct determiner.
only ever a first class ticket away? My son doesn’t like _____________ of his Math teachers.
a) no – neither a) neither
b) both
b) neither – nor
c) either
c) either – neither
d) none
d) not either – not neither
7) (EEAr 1. 2019) Read the text to answer question.
2) (AFA 2013) Choose the alternative in which the determiner
Paul: Mary, the party is tomorrow! Do we have everything
‘neither’ is used with the same meaning as the one in italics
we need? Mary: We have _____ juice, but we should buy
in the text.
more. Pau: Do we need to buy bread? Mary: Well, we have
The discussion of the ethics of war goes back to the Greeks
_____, I don’t know if it’s enough. Paul: So let’s talk to Jen
and Romans, although neither civilization behaved
and ask for ____ advice.
particularly well in war.
Choose the alternative that best completes the text:
a) ‘My brother can’t swim. Me neither.’
a) a lot of / some / some
b) ‘I neither smoke nor drink.’
b) many / some / an
c) ‘Kate doesn’t like technology. Neither does Linda.’
c) many / a / some
d) ‘Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?’ ‘I’m afraid
d) a lot / a / an
neither day is possible.’
3) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the text 8) (EsFCEx 2010) Choose the alternative that correctly names
the parts of speech, in the order they appear, in the sentence
below correctly?
There are ____different opinions on how ____ water you below:
should be drinking every day. Health authorities commonly Maybe they left very quickly.
recommend eight 8- ounce glasses, which equals about 2 a) modifier - pronoun - verb - intensifier – adverb.
liters, or half a gallon. This is called the 8x8 rule and is very b) adverb - noun - adjective - adjective – adverb.
easy to remember. However, _____ health gurus believe c) adjective - pronoun - verb - determiner – adjective
that you need to sip on water constantly throughout the day, d) determiner - noun - verb - intensifier – adverb.
even when you're not thirsty. As with most things, this e) noun - pronoun - intensifier - adverb - determiner
depends on the individual. _____ factors (both internal and 9) (UEL) Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que
external) ultimately affect your need for water. preenche corretamente as lacunas da frase apresentada:
(https://www.healthline.com) "Did you like the film?"
a) many / much / some / Many "No, not very __________."
b) many / much / little / Much "__________ was wrong with it?"
c) much / many / some / None "The actors were good but the story was too sentimental."
d) much / many / little / Much a) much – What
e) a lot of / much / none / Many b) many – Why
4) (Escola Naval 2021) Which option completes the text c) few – When
below correctly? d) little – How
Ultimately you can’t go long term without an e) so – Where
appropriate duration of sleep, so it’s important to try to get 10) (UnB – DF) Fill in the blanks correctly: “He has _______
________ sleep _______ nights. friends but ______ enemies
While everyone’s exact sleep requirements are a) lots of – little
diferente, on average you should be getting between six and b) a lot of – much
nine hours of sleep a night. Your brain is hardwired for c) few – many
what it needs. Getting less sleep than you need can cause d) many – one
sleepiness and moodiness, as well as difficulty e) much – a few
concentrating, poor coordination and poor work quality. 11) (MACKENZIE) Indicate the alternative that best
Overall it’s importante to try to maintain a consistente completes the following sentences:
and regular sleep cycle. Be aware that When you miss I. Could you give me __________ water? I'm so thirsty.
sleep, it’ll take __________ days to get back on track. II. I have very __________ money. I need more.
(Adapted from https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/) III. Who has __________ friends than John? Nobody I
a) much / all / a little think.
b) much / every / any IV. Only __________ people came to the party yesterday. It
c) enough / every / a little was boring!
d) enough / most / a few V. I have __________ time to stay with my family
e) many / most / a few nowadays.
a) I. less; II. little; III. lesser; IV. a few; V. few

362
 b) I. some; II. a little; III. few; IV. little; V. lesser 16) Marque a alternativa incorreta quanto ao uso dos
c) I. a little; II. little; III. fewer; IV. few; V. less determinantes:
d) I. little; II. a little; III. less; IV. a few; V. least a) Every boy is keen on gymnastics.
e) I. few; II. less; III. least; IV. little; V. more b) Generally, Mr Jones doesn’t have many money with
12) Complete the following passage with suitable determiners: him. But whenever he goes to visit his grandchildren, he
You’re going to take the life away of (1) ______________ has many coins in his pocket.
man with (2) ______________ belief that you will give it c) A lot of petrol leaked from the tank.
back. This is (3) ______________ enormous step (4) d) ‘How much more strength must I exert, the mechanic
______________ precious life is at stake. You must asked.
perform to the best of (5) ______________ ability to save 17) ________ persons have made the same mistake.
(6) ______________ patient’s life.
a) Many a
a) a/ some/ an/ her/ your/ the
b) an/ the/ an/ her/ yours/ the b) A good much
c) a/ the/ an/ his/ your/ the c) Much a
d) an/ some/ an/ his/ yours/ the d) A good many
13) Complete the following passage with ‘all’, ‘each’, ‘every’, 18) There is _______ marbles here, Andy told Mark. “Let’s
‘several’, ‘a lot of’, ‘many’ or ‘few’. In some cases, more take _________”.
than one word will fit. a) a lot of / few
Once, there was a very rich man. He was neither handsome b) lots of / few
nor clever but he worked hard and saved _____________ c) a lot of / a few
money. There was a beautiful lady who lived just two doors d) lots of / a few
away from his house. She was a widow with 19) (IESES 2018) Put a, an or some where necessary and
_____________ children. _____________ morning, the choose the correct alternative.
rich man would steal a _____________ glances at the I’ve seen __________ good films recently. What’s wrong
widow when she came out to do her chores in the garden. with you? Have you got _________ headache. _________
One evening, the man decided to pay her a visit. He brought birds, for example the penguin, cannot fly. I don’t feel very
with him _____________ presents, one for _____________ well this morning. I’ve got _______ sore throat.
child. _____________ the children liked him and so a) a - an - some – a
_____________ time he visited her, he brought presents for b) some - a - an – a
the children. This went on for _____________ months. Just c) a - a - some – na
when the man thought that he could propose to the widow, d) some - a - some - a
something happened. A handsome strange man came to the 20) I’m sorry there isn’t _______ food left but I can make some
town. He was not as rich as the man. But somehow, sandwiches if you like.
_____________ eligible lady of the town fell in love with a) Many
him. b) Much
a) A lot of / few / Every / few / many / each / All / every / c) Few
several / an d) A few
b) A lot of / A lot of / Every / few / many / each / All / 21) You should drink more water and ______ coffee.
every / several / an a) lesser
c) A lot of / few / All / few / many / each / All / every / b) few
several / an c) many
d) A lot of / few / Every / few / many / each / Every / every d) less
/ several / an 22) Have you got ______ books? I’ve only got a few.
14) Put in ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘many’, ‘much’, ‘a few’, or ‘a little’ where a) Much
necessary: b) little
I wrote it on _____________ piece of paper. c) many
He wants to write it in ink, give him _____________ pen. d) a little
He bought _____________ orange and _____________ 23) Annie is eating ______ rice because she wants to lose
banana. weight.
They waited for _____________ bus for half a) fewer
_____________ hour. b) few
_____________ table is made of wood. c) less
a) little / many / few / many / a / an / a d) lesser
b) a / a few / little / many / a / an / a 24) Maggie’s mother died ______ years ago.
c) much / a / many / much / a / an / a a) few
d) a / a / an / a / a / an / a b) a few
15) Marque a alternativa correta quanto ao uso dos c) little
determinantes: d) a little
a) Let us save a little for a rainy day. 25) He has _____ friends because of his nasty temper.
b) Won’t you have some tea? Yes, I’ll have a little. a) little
c) Don’t you have some match at all? Of course we have b) few
some. c) a few
d) He is mischievous, like many boys. d) a little

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26) The motocyclist lost ______ blood in the accident.
a) many
b) few
c) much
d) a few
27) Salsa has given me _______ good ideas.
a) much
b) little
c) a little
d) many
28) (UFRS) Na sentença “the Tamagotchi is a Keychain-size
plastic egg that houses a small LCD in which ‘lives’ a
creature that you nurture by pushing a variety of buttons”, a
expressão a variety of buttons significa o mesmo que:
a) little buttons.
b) several buttons.
c) all the buttons.
d) very small buttons.
e) too many buttons.
29) (UFRS) These pioneers began a revolution that has
culminated in a firmly established belief among most
American employers that women can do the job – any job –
as well as men. Many thought that day would never come.
Na frase "Many thought that day would never come", a
palavra mais adequada para completar o sentido de many é:
a) beliefs.
b) most.
c) women.
d) standards.
e) discrimination.
30) (CESGRANRIO) LAUGHTER is an uncountable noun. Gabarito
Mark the sentence below that shows the correct usage of 1) B
countable and uncountable nouns: 2) D
a) I'll have just a bread for dinner. 3) A
b) John has fewer money than Paul. 4) D
c) Can you give me an advice? 5) C
d) I need some informations. 6) C
e) My mother is in very good health 7) A
8) A
9) A
10) C
11) C
12) C
13) A
14) D
15) B
16) B
17) D
18) C
19) D
20) B
21) D
22) C
23) C
24) B
25) B
26) C
27) D
28) B
29) C
30) E

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 Quantificadores – Quantifiers b) many - much
c) many - many
1) (Colégio Naval 2019) Match the questions and answers.
d) lot - much
I- How’s Mary?
II- What does Cíndy do? 8) (EFOMM 2011) Choose the option which completes the
sentences below correctly:
III- Whose daughter is Karen?
It is ________ use trying to change her mind.
IV- How much meat does your sister have on a regular
meal? Slowly, ___________children began coming to school.
V- Hou many friends do Mark and Sue have on Facebook? Unfortunately, he had __________ friends.
( ) A few. Could you possibly give me ___________ help?
( ) She’s hers. a) a little / a few / few / little
b) a little / a few / little / little
( ) She’s all right.
c) a little / few / few / a little
( ) A little.
d) little / few / little / a little
( ) She’s a shop manager.
e) little / a few / few / a little
Mark the option that shows the correct order of answers.
9) (EFOMM 2013) All the following statements are
a) (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)
grammatically correct EXCEPT:
b) (IV) (I) (II) (III) (V)
a) Lots of us think it’s time for vacation.
c) (V) (III) (I) (IV) (II)
b) A lot of time is needed to learn a foreign language.
d) (IV) (I) (III) (V) (II)
c) There is not a lot meat left.
e) (II) (V) (IV) (I) (III)
d) Lots of patience is needed , too.
2) (Colégio Naval 2022) Choose the correct option.
e) A lot of my friends want to take a trip abroad.
a) Margaret isn't very popular. She has little friends.
10) (EFOMM 2014) Complete the sentences with too many,
b) My husband is very busy today. He has few free time.
too much or enough. Then, choose the correct alternative.
c) The bus was very crowded. There were too much
1 - I've been to rather __________ parties recently.
people.
d) They don't spend many money in expensive clothes. 2 - You're spending far ________ time on your computer.
3 - Stop. You're asking me _______ questions.
e) Anne is so worried. She has many problems to solve.
4 - Help! I've got _________ luggage.
3) (EPCAR 2015) “There are a few ways to prevent
cyberbullying” (line 31) is the same as 5 – Oh, sorry, I didn't call you. I didn't have _________
a) There are some ways to prevent cyberbullying. time.
b) There are many ways to prevent cyberbullying. a) too many – too much – too many– too much - enough
c) There are lots of ways to prevent cyberbullying. b) too much – enough – too many – too much – too Much
c) enough – enough – too much - enough – too many
d) There are no ways to prevent cyberbullying.
d) too many – too much – enough – too much – enough
4) (EPCAR 2018) Mark the option that replaces the
e) too much – too many – enough – enough – enough
underlined words, respectively, keeping the same meaning.
11) (Escola Naval 2012) Which of the alternatives below
“[...] many people often confuse child slavery with child
completes the sentence correctly?
labour [...]” (lines 48 and 49)
Rio de Janeiro doesn't get (1)____ Petrópolis.
a) a lot.
a) as many rain as
b) very.
b) as much rain than
c) much.
c) as much rain as
d) a lot of.
d) so many rain than
5) (EAM 2022) Which option completes the dialogue below
correctly? e) so much rain than
12) (Escola Naval 2018) Which option completes the
Paul: How ____________ money do you have?
paragraph below correctly?
Peter: I don’t have ____________ money.
Money and happiness
a) many/ no
While it is true that money can't buy love or happiness, a
b) many/ any
certain amount is necessary to have a baseline of happiness.
c) many/ some
Interestingly, from science we learn that for most people
d) much/ no
e) much/ any the magic number is between $75- $100K per year. At that
6) (EsSA 2022) Em “This leads many people to seek help in point we have enough money not to be struggling between
neighboring countries”, a palavra em negrito pode ser paychecks, and there is a diminishing return on making
substituída, sem alterar o sentido, por: more money after that. The nice thing is happiness is more
about our habits and attitudes that we can control through
a) a lot of
things like exercise, mindfulness, gratitude, kindness, etc.
b) much
regardless of how ______or how ,______ money we have.
c) little
Happiness Is a choice and a process, not a place.
d) few
(https ://www.linkedin.com/pulse)
e) some
a) much / little
7) (EEAr BCT 2. 2021) Complete the following sentence:
b) many / few
My mom has eaten too ______ pieces of cake and drunk
c) much / few
too ______ orange juice.
d) many / little
a) much - many
e) many / much

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13) (Escola Naval 2022) Which option completes the text 17) (RBO 2012) Complete the question below:
below correctly? “For the pick-nick we´ll need ___________CDs,
McLaren rue difficult day _________ cheese to make sandwiches and ________
Anna Francis lemonade.”
November 6, 2021 a) Many, much, much.
McLaren admit they have _________ work to do after b) Much, many, much.
enduring a difficult start to their Mexican Grand Prix c) Many, many, many.
weekend. d) Much, much, much.
Daniel Ricciardo and Lando Norris ended up in 14th 18) (RBO 2012) Complete the question below:
and 15th respectively on the Free Practice 1 timesheets, Jim drinks _______ soda everyday!
whilst Free Practice 2 brought further issues. a) Lots.
“These things happen, and we’ll just have to get into it b) Plenty.
tomorrow. We don’t have _________ time to waste so c) A lot of.
we’ll get amongst it. We’ve got _________ challenges d) Many.
ahead but we’ll be alright. We got _________ information 19) (CESGRANRIO 2015) In the sentence of the text “Still,
from Lando today to be able to pick it up tomorrow,” said there are plenty of ways millennials can build a credit
Ricciardo. history without a credit card” (lines 52 – 53), the
(Adapted from https://racingnews365.com) quantifier plenty of can be replaced, with no change in
a) enough/ no/ some/ a lot meaning, by
b) a lot/ some/ a few/ some a) some
c) plenty of/ no/ a little/ enough b) few
d) enough/ any/ a little/ a lot c) a few
e) plenty of/ any/ a few/ enough d) a little
14) (AMEOSC 2021) Escolha a alternativa que completa e) lots of
correta e respectivamente a sentença abaixo. 20) (CEV-URCA 2021) Complete sentences below using
“___________ people hunt wild animals for sport. much, many, few and little
_________ damage has been caused by this kind of 1. My mother did not have ______ money.
hunting”. 2. She only has ______ days left before retirement.
a) Many … many. 3. We still have ______ eggs.
b) Many … much. 4. He has ______ time, so she can?t stop by on her way to
c) Much … Much work.
d) Much … many. a) many - little - few – Much
15) (VUNESP 2019) Mark the sentence in which “most” is b) little - much - many – few
being used as a quantifier. c) much - few - many – little
a) The most memorable writing in eighteenth-century d) few - many - little – Much
America was done by the founding fathers. e) few - many - little - much
b) They were practical philosophers, and their most typical 21) (AMEOSC 2018) Analyze the sentence below. I want to
product was the political pamphlet. play a many possible, have the best stats and make a real
c) The writings of Benjamin Franklin show the difference here for Bordeaux. The underlined item should
Enlightenment spirit in America at its best and most be correct as:
optimistic. a) […] as much as.
d) Together with the Bible and the newspaper, Almanacs b) […] as many as.
were the most-widely read material in Colonial c) […] as much.
America. d) […] as many.
e) The Bible, the newspaper and Benjamin 22) (BIO – RIO 2011) A palavra many em “Many operations
Franklin’s Almanacs were often the only reading matter would be fully automated” pode ser substituída por:
in most Colonial households. a) much;
16) (GUALIMP 2019) The alternative that best completes the b) very;
empty space found in the text is: c) more;
“At least 13 "self-inflicted" deaths happened in a year in d) a lot of
England among people who took the two substances, the 23) (BIO – RIO 2011) O oposto de “many” em “This parrot is
Victoria Derbyshire programme found. _______, including one of many to call” (na legenda da foto) é:
two contestants on Love Island, took their own lives a) few;
between April 2018 and March 2019. Coroners have b) much;
reported seeing a rise in such cases”. c) fewest;
a) Much. d) more.
b) Many.
c) Very.
d) Plenty.

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24) (EsFCEx 2011) Write “T” if the sentence is grammatically 30) (CESGRANRIO) Which of the following sentences can be
correct, and “F” if it is grammatically incorrect. Then completed with the word MANY as in "the laser has many
choose the alternative with the correct sequence. applications"?
( ) Many people are dying in Haiti. a) The laser beam is being used by __________ telephone
( ) Much of the children are sick and hungry. companies.
( ) There are only a few food to eat. b) The laser beam has caused __________ advance in
( ) Not much fresh water is left. various areas.
( ) They need lot money to rebuild the country. c) Science has gained __________ from the latest
a) T – F – F – T – F applications of the laser.
b) T – T – F – F – T d) __________ effort has resulted in significant
c) T – T – F – T – F technological improvement.
d) F – F – F – F – T e) Scientists have devoted __________ time to research in
e) F – T – T – F – T the field of communication.
25) (EsFCEx 2010) Choose the alternative that correctly 31) (CESGRANRIO) The following sentences should be
completes the sentences below in the right order: completed with FEW or LITTLE:
We don't have __________ money, just __________ reais. I. Many of us tried but very __________ succeeded.
Let's take only __________ milk. II. To our surprise, changes in foreign policy were
a) many - few - a few __________.
b) much - a few – some III. That school is so expensive that only __________
c) a lot of - many – few children can attend it.
d) few - some – many IV. That crane can lift objects weighing a
e) many - few - some __________hundred pounds.
26) (Escola Naval 2010) Analyse the sentences below. Which V. We had __________ chance of success.
alternative is correct? The sentence which must be completed which FEW are:
a) A little people passed the exam because it was too a) I and IV, only.
difficult. b) II and III, only.
b) Few people passed the exam because it was too c) I, II and V, only.
difficult. d) I, II, III and IV, only.
c) Much people passed the exam because it was too e) II, III, IV and V, only.
difficult. 32) (PUCPR) Mark the correct alternative to fill the gaps of the
d) Many people passed the exam because it was too dialogue below: At the Supermarket...
difficult. Wife: Do we need (I) wheat?
e) A lot of people passed the exam because it was too Husband: Yes, we do. We haven't got (II) wheat.
difficult. Husband: We need (III) apples, don't we?
27) (UNESP) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente Wife: No, we don't. We have got (IV) apples. But we have
as lacunas da frase a seguir: (V) carrots and (VI) cheese. Let's get some...
Do politicians work __________ and earn __________ a) some; II. much; III. any; IV. few; V. many; VI. little
money? b) I. much; II. any; III. many; IV. too much; V. few; VI.
a) little – many few
b) very – much c) I. few; II. some; III. little; IV. many; V. little; VI. little
c) much – few d) I. any; II. much; III. some; IV. many; V. few; VI. little
d) little – much e) I. few; II. many; III. few; IV. no; V. much; VI. many
e) hard – many 33) (FATEC) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o uso
28) (UNESP) Assinale a alternativa correta: It is not easy to gramatical correto de "there is":
learn a foreign language. a) There is few teachers and parents talking to the children.
It requires __________ years of study. b) There is some children who need help.
a) many c) There is a lot of frightened adults after the attack.
b) much d) There is many events happening at the same time.
c) little e) There is much anger among people in New York.
d) lot of 34) (CESGRANRIO) LITTLE is used in "There is still very
e) any little known about compulsive spenders". Check the item in
29) (ITA) Assinale a opção cuja frase esteja gramaticalmente which it must also be used to complete the sentence
correta: meaningfully.
a) There is fewer people at the party than Mary expected. a) __________ people claim they don't like to go
b) There is less people at the party than Mary expected. shopping.
c) There are less people at the party than Mary expected. b) Many adults are compulsive spenders, but very
d) There are fewer people at the party than Mary expected. __________ children suffer from this obsession.
e) There was less people at the party than Mary expected. c) Researchers are willing to spend __________ thousand
dollars to find out more about compulsive shopping.
d) As the famous psychiatrist was talking about
compulsive shoppers, the audience interrupted very
__________.

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 e) Apparently, changes in the treatment recommended to Gabarito
obsessive shoppers were very __________. 1) C
35) (JFS) Taking the following sentences mark the option 2) E
which fills the blanks correctly. 3) A
I. A great __________ people who voted for her in the last 4) D
election will not be doing so this time. 5) E
II. Have you heard __________ of Polly recently? 6) A
III. The repairs to our car cost __________ more than we 7) B
were expecting. 8) E
IV. I know quite __________ people who've had the same 9) C
problem. 10) A
V. With __________ training she could do very well. 11) C
a) I. much; II. much; III. very; IV. few; V. little 12) A
b) I. much; II. much; III. very; IV. a few; V. a little 13) E
c) I. many; II. little; III. much; IV. few; V. little 14) B
d) I. many; II. little; III. much; IV. a few; V. a little 15) E
e) I. many; II. much; III. much; IV. a few; V. a little 16) B
17) A
18) C
19) E
20) C
21) A
22) D
23) A
24) A
25) B
26) B
27) D
28) A
29) D
30) A
31) D
32) D
33) E
34) D
35) E

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 Infinitivo × Gerúndio – Infinitive × 6) (EEAr 2. 2022) Choose the alternative that completes the
text.
Gerund “Studying in New Zealand was a fun experience for me, but
1) (EAM 2022) Which option completes the text below it was also lots of hard work. I had classes six hours a day,
correctly? five days a week - with lots of homework. I also kept a
Safety Instructions for Ultraviolet (UV) Equipment journal of my experience. (...) On weekends, my homestay
- ____________ appropriate personal protective equipment family took me to lots of __________ places. (...) I’m
(safety glasses, UV-blocking face shield, gloves). definitely glad I went!” Alvin Chen - Hong Kong (Neil J.
- ____________ exposed skin. Anderson, editado)
- ____________ UV emitters and radiated surfaces. a) interest
(Adapted from https://www.heraeus.com) b) interests
a) Wear/ Cover/ Not touch c) interested
b) Wear/ Cover/ Don’t touch d) interesting
c) Wears/ Covers/ Don’t touch 7) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) According to the extract, what is the
d) To wear/ To cover/ No touch alternative that contains the right explanation about the
e) To wear/ To cover/ Not touch gerund in bold type?
2) (EsSA 2022) Mark the option that correctly completes the “Swimming is an amazing exercise. It’s healthy, fun,
sentence below relaxing and a low-impact sport. I know this from personal
“My parents are seriously thinking about experience. Last year while I was jogging I injured my left
_______________ to Canada.” knee. I don’t go jogging anymore, now I’m considering
a) moves joining a swimming competition.”
b) moving The gerund is:
c) moved a) The direct object of the sentence.
d) to move b) The progressive form of the verb.
e) move c) The indirect object of the verb.
3) (EEAr 1. 2016) Fill in the blank with the correct response d) The subject of the sentence.
according to grammar rules: 8) (EEAr BCT 1. 2017) Fill in the blanks with the correct
I don’t mind _________ alone, but I prefer to travel with alternative, respectively:
my friends. Pilates is a unique combination of ____, ____ and ____.
a) not travel It improves circulation and body alignment. It engages the
b) traveling powerhouse of the lower abs, hips and lower back in almost
c) to travel every movement. Throughout the workout, practitioners try
d) travels to stay united from shoulder to shoulder and hip to hip,
4) (EEAr 2. 2018) Read the dialogue and choose the best making sure the neck and limbs are used in long, graceful
alternative to complete the blanks, respectively. movements.
— Hey Bob, let’s keep ________. We’re almost there! (Adapted fromhttp://www.grammarbank.com/paragraphs-
— I think you need to ________, Grandma! fitness)
— Do I? a) stretching – strengthening – breathing
a) going – resting b) stretched – strengthened – breathed
b) rest – going c) stretches – strengthens – breathes
c) go – resting d) stretch – strengthen – breathe
d) going – rest 9) (EFOMM 2013) Choose the correct alternative.
5) (EEAr 2. 2018)Choose the appropriate word to fill in the We weren’t sure ____________________ or just walk in.
blank a) should knock
Ursula! I whispered b) to knock
Yes, my darling, she said, without __________ her eyes. c) whether to knock
What have you got in your basket? I asked. She opened her d) whether knock
eyes, startled, and looked at me. e) whether knock
What do you mean? she said defensively. There is 10) (EFOMM 2015) Say if the sentences below are C (correct)
something moving in your basket, I said. or I (incorrect).
Oh, it’s nothing. It’s just a present for somebody. She said. ( ) He’s used to run 5 kilometers every day.
a) Opening ( ) Last year, I use to study harder than I do now.
b) to open ( ) Sam used to sleeping 12 hours a day when he was a
c) opened teenager.
d) opens ( ) I’m sorry. I´m not used to staying up so late.
The correct sequence is:
a) (I) (I) (I) (C)
b) (C) (C) (I) (C)
c) (I) (C) (C) (I)
d) (C) (I) (I) (C)
e) (I) (C) (I) (I)

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11) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct alternative to complete
the sentences below.
I – I can’t afford _____ for all your expenses.
II – He enjoys ______ on the weekends.
III – After many frustrated attempts, I finally managed
_______ him stay.
IV – You should always put on sunscreen before ______ to
the beach.
a) paying / sailing / making / going
b) paying / sailing / to make / to go
c) pay / to sail / made / going
d) to pay / sailing / to make / going
e) to pay / to sail / making / to go
12) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the correct option.
a) The bad weather prevented me to go.
b) I object to be treated like this.
c) Would you mind to open the door?
d) I meant to have called you, but I forgot.
e) You should avoid to make mistakes.
13) (EFOMM 2017) Choose the correct alternative.
a) You’ll soon get used to live abroad.
b) She is talking about to move to the countryside.
c) I look forward to hear from you.
d) I used to playing cards when I was a kid.
e) I am used to doing the dishes.
14) (EFOMM 2018) Which is the correct sequence to complete
the sentences below?
1.______ all your money on clothes is not good.
2 .I don’t think this article deserves_____.
3. I’m afraid o f______ sick during the trip.
4. It’s easy______deceived by fake news.
a) Spending / read / to get / be
b) To spend / to read / getting / being
c) Spending / reading / getting / to be
d) To spend / to be reading/to get / be
e) To spend / to read / get / being
15) (EFOMM 2019) Which option is correct to complete the
sentences below?
1- My sister heard him_______ down the stairs.
2- She heard the bomb_________.
3- The teacher saw the notebook__________on the table.
4- Justice must not only be done, it must be to be done.
5 - I could see my nephew______ on the bus.
a) go / explode / lie / seen / get
b) gone / exploding / lie / saw / get
c) went / explode / lying / seeing / getting
d) going / explode / lying / seen / getting
e) goes / exploding / lying / seen / getting
16) (EFOMM 2022) Mark the option with the correct sequence
to complete the sentences below.
I- Many sicknesses are being __________ at the door of
stress.
II- She's been __________ low with flu for a long time.
III- I could hear her __________ down the law.
IV- I felt so lazy just __________ around on the beach all
morning.
V- John __________ back against the pillows.
VI- On the day of the party, all arguments between the
families were __________ aside.
a) I- laid/ II – laid/ III- laying/ IV- lying/ V- lay/ VI- laid
b) I- lying/ II- laid/ III- laying/ IV- laid/ V- laid/ VI- lied
c) I- lying/ II- lyng/ III- lay/ IV- laid/ V- lies/ VI- laying
370
d) I- laying/ II- laid/ III- laid/ IV- lie/ V- lays/ VI- lying
e) I- laid/ II- laying/ III- laid/ IV- laying/ V- lies/ VI- laid
17) (EFOMM 2022) Choose the option that correctly
completes the blanks below, respectively.
When Felicity Aston __________ fish and chips, she
__________ something was wrong. The unmistakable
aroma of the classic British pub food, deep-fried fish and
french fries, could only mean one Thing: She must be
hallucinating. After all, __________ no pubs in the
middle of Antarctica. The British explorer __________
solo across the great frozen continent and had not seen
another human being for weeks. "It __________ me
insane," said Aston. But, she says, she__________,
eventually crossing Antarctica in 59 days in 2012 –
becoming the first woman in the world to make it solo.
(Adapted from:
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/felicity- aston-
antarctic-explorer)
a) started to smell/ knows/ there has been/ has been skiing/
drives/ will keep going
b) starts to smell/ might know/ there are/ is skiing/ drives/
keeps going
c) started smelling/ knew/ there are/ was skiing/ drove/
kept going
d) has started to smell/ has known/ there was/ had skied/
has driven/ keeps to go
e) will start to smell/ would know/ there was/ skied/ was
driving/ would keep going
18) (Escola Naval 2011) Which sequence best completes the
text below?
Riding a bicycle is a low impact form of exercise that can
be enjoyed by people of all ages and fitness levels. It can
help _______ (1) your generak health while ________ (2)
gentle on your joints. It’s also a great way ________ (3)
fun, get fit and spend time with friends and family. Always
________ (4) a helmet and be aware of traffic rules when
on the road.
(Adapted from: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au)
a) improving – to be – to have – wear
b) to improve – being – having – wear
c) improving – being – to have – wear
d) to improve – to be – to have – wear
e) to improve – being – to have – wear
19) (Escola Naval 2011) Analyse the sentence below. Which
TWO sentences express the same idea?
(1) The man stopped to smoke.
(2) The man gave up smoking.
(3) The man stopped smoking.
(4) The man didn’t smoke.
The correct answer is
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 4
c) 2 and 3
d) 2 and 4
e) 1 and 3
20) (Escola Naval 2012) Which sequence best completes the
text below?
We’re in danger of (1) _________ locked in the midfield
stalemate of agreement, so allow me (2)__________ up the
left wing. Given the extraordínary wealth of top flight
football in this country, I do think the game owes a greater
degree of pastoral care to its players, and of a more
 profound nature than (3) __________ out their cars and
living arrangements. Football clubs now gain control over
players when they’re youngsters, but not nearly enough
effort is put into (4) _________ rounded, educated
individuais.
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk)
a) been - opening - sorting – developing
b) be - open - to sort – developing
c) been - to open - to sort – develop
d) being- to open - sorting – developing
e) being- open - to sorting - develop
21) (Escola Naval 2012) Which of the alternatives below
completes the sentence correctly?
(1) _____ is a bad habit and it can cause lung cancer.
a) To smoke
b) Smoke
c) Smoking
d) To smoking
e) The smoke
22) (Escola Naval 2013) In the alternatives below, the gerund
was used correctly in only two sentences.
(1) This laptop is definitely worth buying.
(2) He stopped eating fast food in order to lose weight.
(3) They can't afford buying a new car.
(4) She refused seeing him.
The correct sentences are:
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 4
c) 1 and 3
d) 2 and 3
e) 2 and 4
23) (Escola Naval 2013) Choose the best reply to this
statement.
Michelle: Are you going to Michelle's get-together?
You: I won't go unless I (1) ____ all my chores in time.
a) finish
b) will finish
c) finished
d) finishing
e) to finish
24) (Escola Naval 2014) Which sequence best completes the
text below?
On 18 December 2008, President Lula signed the
National Defense Strategy, ________ a fifteen month
drafting exercise. The document was principally drafted by
Minister for Strategic Planning Roberto Mangabeira Unger,
and it provides a security policy framework that places
defense in the context of the government's broader goal of
national development. In terms of ____________ the
relationship among the strategic tasks of "sea denial", "sea
control" and "power projection", the Brazilian Navy will be
ruled by an unequal and joint development. If the Navy
accepted ___________ the same weight to all three
objectives, there would be a big risk ___________
mediocre in all of them. Although all of them deserve
__________, this will happen in a certain order and
sequence.
(Adapted from
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brazil/navy.ht
m)
a) concluding / design / provide / to being / to be
developed
371
b) to conclude / design / to provide /of being / to be
developed
c) to conclude / designing / providing / to be / to being
developed
d) to conclude / designing / to provide / to being / to being
developed
e) concluding / designing / to provide / of being / to be
developed
25) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct option to
complete this paragraph from an article on Managing
Multicultural Teams?
When a major International software developer
needed _______ a new product quickly, the project
manager assembled a team of employees from índia and the
United States. From the start the team members could
________ on a delivery date for the product. The
Americans thought the work could be done in two weeks;
the Indians predicted two to three months. As time went on,
the Indian team members proved reluctant ________
setbacks in the production process, which the American
team members would find out about only when work was
due to be passed to them.
(Adapted from https://hbr,org/2006/ll/managing-
multicultural-teams)
a) producing / not to agree / to report.
b) to produce / not agree / to report.
c) producing / to not agree / to report.
d) to produce / not agreeing / reporting.
e) produce / not agree / reporting.
26) (Escola Naval 2015) Which is the correct way to complete
the paragraph below?
How to Become a Pro Gamer
Easy to understand, that is. ________ for a living isn't
all fun and games. It takes time, skill and
determination ________ in today's competitive circuits. If
you're up for the challenge, here's what you need to do.
(Adapted frora http://iq.intel.com/want-pro-
gamer/?sr_source=lift„gravity&v=3)
a) to play / to win.
b) playing / winning.
c) play / winning.
d) playing / to win.
e) to play / winning.
27) (Escola Naval 2016) Which option best completes the
paragraph below?
Eat healthy
In today's fast-paced world, it is so easy ___________
through a drive-through window to grab something to eat. It
is also easy __________ into a gas station ___________ a
bag of chips, a soda, and some candy. However,
__________ this is not the best choice for our bodies.
Simply put - the more junk you put into your body, the
worse you are going to feel. Try __________ your body
with healthy food, drink plenty of water, and skip fast food
lines as much as you can to feel healthy and happy.
(Abridged from http://www.teenadvice.about.com)
a) driving / stopping / to buy / to do / to nourish
b) driving / stopping / to buy / doing / to nourish
c) to drive / to stop / to buy / doing / to nourish
d) to drive / to stop / buying / doing / nourishing
e) to drive / to stop / to buy / to do / nourishing
28) (Escola Naval 2018) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
In places with electricity, artificial lighting has prolonged
our experience of daylight, allowing us ______ productive
for longer. At the same time, it has cut nighttime short, and
so to get enough sleep we now have______it all in one go.
Now, "normar sleep requires forgoing the periods of
wakefulness that used______up the night; we simply don't
have time for a midnight chat with the neighbor any longer.
"But people with particularly strong circadian rhythms
continue,_____ , up in the night.
(https://amp.livescience.com)
a) being / to do / to break / wake
b) be / do / breaking / to wake
c) to be / to do / to break / to wake
d) to be / do / to break / waking
e) being / doing / breaking / wake
29) (Escola Naval 2020) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
Speak, FIDO!
Imagine you're out for a walk with your family when a
strange dog approaches. The dog isn't aggressive, but it
seems ______ something because it nudges you with its
snout, and barks. What you don't know is that this dog is
trained _______ a person with a medical condition. Around
the corner, the doq's owner has collapsed, and the dog
instinctively runs off _____ help. That's you! But how can
the dog make you _______ what's wrong?
(Adapted from https://www.timeforkids.com)
a) to want / help / to find / to understand
b) want / helping / finding / understanding
c) want / help / find / to understand
d) to want / to help / to find / understand
e) wanting / to helping / finding / understand
30) (Escola Naval 2021) Which is the correct option to
complete the text below?
A good CV
It starts with a brilliant summary that makes people
_______ more; it is daring, lively. You rarely need _______
trivial details of your early education or training except in
passing.
Your CV is a creative document that allows you
_______ what you think is appropriate, compared with
forms, which confine self-expression; you might as well
_______ that freedom!
a) to want to read / explain / to say / to use
b) want to read / explaining / saying / using
c) want to read / to explain / to say / use
d) want reading / to explain / say / use
e) to want to read / explaining / saying / to use
31) (Escola Naval 2021) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
Brazil has joined Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)
“On July 30th, the Brazilian Navy _______ the
invitation letter from the CCFM accepting the affiliation
as a full member of the CMF. The Brazilian Navy ______
this kind of event na excellent opportunity _______ ties
of friendship, as well as _______ cooperation and mutual
respect among the participating navies,” a spokesperson
for the Brasilian Navy ________.
(Adapted from https://www.navaltoday.com)
a) answered / will consider / to reinforce / to promote / say
372
b) has answered / has considered / reinforcing / promoting
/ say
c) answers / considered / reinforces / promotes / says
d) answered / considers / to reinforce / to promote / said
e) has answered / will consider / to reinforce / promoting /
said
32) (Escola Naval 2022) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
Listen to this advice. _______ your toothache, joint
pains, headache or cough in your lungs, for example. Some
small issues may turn into a complicated situation as you
start getting old, so _______ an appointment from your
doctor and _______ diagnosed.
(Adapted from https://www.eatthis.com/)
a) Don’t ignore/ make/ get
b) Don’t to ignore/ to make/ to get
c) Don’t ignoring/ making/ getting
d) Don’t ignore/ to make/ get
e) Don’t to ignore/ make/ to get
33) (Escola Naval 2022) Which is the correct option to
complete the paragraph below?
Aging is inevitable and yet it’s hard _______ it’s
happening. Inside, you feel like you’re 24 years old still,
wanting _______ the most of life, maybe even more so now
that you know there are more years behind you than ahead
of you. And yet, no one told your body. It’s not the same as
it used _______. Acknowledging this can _______ your
life. You just need _______ a few habits. [...] Start by
_______ yourself [...] ‘What do I want?’ That answer will
drive Every decision you make.
(Adapted from https://www.eatthis.com)
a) admitting/ to make/ be/ saving/ to change/ asking
b) admitting/ make/ being/ to save/ changing/ ask
c) to admit/ make/ being/ saving/ change/ ask
d) to admit/ to make/ to be/ save/ to change/ asking
e) admitting/ make/ to be/ to save/ change/ asking
Texto para a questão 34
STICKERNOMICS
Football albums
Got, got, got, got, got, need
THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children
worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults) the race to
complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini,
an Italian firm, has produced sticker albums for World Cups
since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to
collect. Collecting them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting
every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the
value of statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.
When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they
come in packs of five) has a 640/640 probability of being
needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack
and finding a sticker you want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy
and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of
Geneva, the number of sticker packs that you would have to
buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack
after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock
to the market (the theft of hundreds of thousands of stickers in
Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of
cards).
It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini
says that each sticker is printed in the same volumes and
randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and
Velenik gamely played the role of “regulator” by checking the
distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in
Switzerland for that year’s World Cup. Out of their sample of
6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on
average (6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.
34) (ITA 2014) Marque a opção em que o uso do ing denota
ação contínua.
a) …disturbing number of adults… (linha 2)
b) Collecting them is no idle pursuit… (linha 6)
c) …your first sticker […] has a 640/640 probability of
being needed. (linhas 10 e 11)
d) According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik… (linhas
12 e 13)
e) …the market is not being rigged. (linha 20)
Texto para a questão 35
The Christmas Anti-drink drive campaign is in full swing, but
there will always be those who think they can get away with it.
Beyond the points, the driving ban and the criminal record,
how do those caught handle the shame? Another Christmas,
another warning about getting behind the wheel while under
the influence of alcohol.
The theme of the 2019 campaign is that a conviction can ruin a
driver´s life. “That is could come between you and Christmas”
is the slogan. The criminal record and driving ban are
automatic and for those who rely on their cars that can be
punishment enough. But what about the stigma and the shame?
Mary, a 27-year-old care co-ordinator from Torquay in Devon,
found that being convicted even affected her relationship whit
her mother. “She made me feel really, really bad. She didn’t
want to see me and shut the door in my face and told me to go
away. That was the worst feeling ever.”
Mary, which is not her real name, says the incident that
changed her life came at the end of a “rubbish” day at work last
year, close to the anniversary of her grandmother’s death. She
began drinking a bottle of wine at home and then went into
town to continue drinking, but on the way she hit a parked car,
failed a breath test and spent a night in a police cell. “That was
lonely and horrendous. You feel very bad about yourself,” she
says.
Lessons
“It gives you time to things over and how you could
have killed someone. You feel embarrassed because you don’t
think you could even end up in a cell.”
Text adapted whttp://news/magazine.com. Acesso em abril
2021.
35) (AEVSF/FACAPE 2021) As palavras em negrito
apresentam diversas funções na Língua Inglesa.
Classifique-as conforme o contexto em (G) Gerúndio, (S)
Substantivo, (I) Infinitivo, (A) Adjetivo, (P) Passado, (PP)
Particípio Passado.
I. The criminal record and driving ban are automatic…
II. That was the worst feeling ever.
III. She began drinking a bottle of wine at home…
IV. …she hit a parked car…
V. …and how you could have killed someone.
a) A – S – I – A – PP.
b) I – A – P – G – P.
c) S – S – I – P – PP.
d) A – S – I - G – A – P.
e) G – P – I - A – PP.
373
36) (Quadro Complementar 2017) Choose the correct option
to complete the paragraph below.
Biases
Our mind likes_____ our brain into_____that it’s right.
Over time, this leads to us ______biases. Biases can be
positive or negative, but it’s important______these deeply
rooted subconscious factors.
(Adapted from https: / / www. makeuseof .com)
a) trick / believe / create / to identify
b) tricking / believe / to create / identify
c) to trick / believe / to create / to identify
d) to trick / believing / creating / to identify
e) trick / believing / to create / identifying
37) (CETRO 2014) Choose the alternative that fills in correctly
and respectively the blanks in the sentences below with the
correct verb tense and form.
“When I _____________ (meet) 1 Serge, it
____________ (be) 2 love at first sight for me – I absolutely
adored him, he was this wonderful mad, extrovert Russian
Jew who _____________ (spend) 3 half of World War II up
a tree, according to him. I _____________ (think) 4 he
actually spent a couple of nights up a tree, although he’d
worn the yellow star for years in occupied France. For a
project, I met Hitler’s architect Albert Speer at his
Heidelberg eyrie in 1971, and he asked if Jane and Serge
would sign a copy of Je t’aime] for him. Serge did so,
probably relishing the irony, and when he made his Rock
Around The Bunker album a few years later [featuring
lyrics about Nazi Germany], he gave me a copy
_______________ (send) 5 to Speer. His parents had
arrived in Paris after _____________ (flee) 6 the 1917
Russian Revolution, and his father – who was a brilliant
pianist – had to perform in casinos.”
a) meet 1 / was 2 / had spent 3 / think 4 / sent 5 / fled 6
b) meet 1 / was 2 / spent 3 / think 4 / to send 5 / fled 6
c) met 1 / be 2 / had spent 3 / thought 4 / send 5 / fleeing 6
d) meet 1 /is 2 / spent 3 / think 4 / to send 5 / flee 6
e) met 1 / was 2 / had spent 3 / think 4 / to send 5 / fleeing 6
 Gabarito
1) B
2) B
3) B
4) D
5) A
6) D
7) D
8) A
9) C
10) A
11) D
12) D
13) E
14) C
15) D
16) A
17) C
18) E
19) C
20) D
21) C
22) A
23) C
24) E
25) B
26) D
27) C
28) C
29) D
30) C
31) D
32) A
33) D
34) E
35) A
36) D
37) E

374
 Caso Possessivo – Genitive Case 9) (FACET Concursos 2020) Analyze the items below and
choose the appropriate alternative:
1) (Colégio Naval 2017) Mark the INCORRECT option
I. Scotland’s conservation agency
according to the Genitive Case.
a) The door’s car is open. II. that’s how
III. we’re
b) The world’s population is increasing.
a) all items use verb to be
c) I’m going to Grandma’s.
d) Which are Fred's and Eric’s cars? b) none of them use verb to be
e) This is my mother-in-law's house. c) item (I) uses verb to be but items (II) and (III) do not
2) (Colégio Naval 2022) Which one is the ONLY correct d) item (II) uses verb to be but items (II) and (III) do not
sentence? e) item (I) uses the possessive case and items (II) and (III)
use verb to be
a) Mark’s and Kate’s house is so clean
10) (Alternative Concursos 2021) “The teen's choice of
b) My friends’ boss is so rude. He hates him
friends”. In this topic, there is an example of Genitive Case.
c) Women’ clothes are too Much expensive
Match the correct alternative to complete this sentence: Bia
d) John and Mary’s wedding were on Sunday
and Bella are sisters. Do you know ____________?
e) Tomorrow’s meeting will start at 10 o’clock
a) Bia and Bella mothers
3) (EPCAR 2015) Choose the option that has the same
b) Bia and Bella mother
meaning of “Parents usually don’t know their child is a
c) Bia and Bella mother´s
cyberbully.” (lines 24-25).
d) Bia and Bella´s mother
a) Parents’ child usually don’t know he is a cyberbully.
e) Bia´s and Bella´s mother
b) Parents child’s usually don’t know he is a cyberbully.
11) (FEPESE 2019) The use of the apostrophe in the following
c) Child parents’ usually don’t know he is a cyberbully.
sentence from paragraph 1
d) Child’s parents usually don’t know he is a cyberbully.
“…any organization’s existence,…” indicates:
4) (AFA 2015) Mark the option which shows the same
Operations management is important. It is concerned with
meaning as in “Americans' dependence on family” (lines
54-55). creating the products and services upon which we all
depend. And creating products and services is the very
a) The family's dependence on Americans'.
reason for any organization’s existence, whether that
b) The Americans family dependence.
c) The Americans dependence of family's. organization be large or small, manufacturing or service,
d) The dependence of Americans on family. for profit or not profit. Thankfully, most companies have
5) (EFOMM 2021) Which statement is NOT correct? now come to understand the importance of operations.
a) Three hours’ waterway blockage. a) the contraction form of ‘has’.
b) that the organization has its existence.
b) Whale and elephant's habitat put at risk.
c) the plural form of the word ‘organization’.
c) UN Environment's data is available.
d) that the existence belongs to any organization.
d) Brazil's and Africa’s great coastal areas.
e) the use contracted form of the verb ‘to be’.
e) Environmentalist's analysis is optimistic.
12) (FUNDATEC 2019) Consider the use of the apostrophe in
6) (EEAr 2015) All the extracts below, in the text, present a
the expressions “speakers' first language” (title) and
possessive noun, except:
“speaker's first language” (l.05-06):
a) “…the nation’s soccer federation…”
Título: New research quantifies how much speakers' first
b) “…under Brazil’s military dictatorship…”
language affects learning a new language
c) “…a reflection of the investigation’s focus…”
Line 05 – 06: Linguistic research suggests that these
d) “…the United States Justice Department’s charging Mr.
Marin…” accents are strongly shaped by the speaker's first language
that they learned growing up.
7) (CONSULTEC 2011) The ’s in “not the government’s” (l.
I. In the first token, it is added to make the noun plural.
19) is the
II. In the second token, it indicates that there is an omission
“Parents tell us it’s their right and responsibility, not the
of the verb to be.
govermment’s, to make their own decisions and to choose
III. It is wrongly used in the former, as it should have been
what’s right for their children”
written as in the latter.
a) plural mark.
b) genitive case. Which ones are INCORRECT?
c) contraction of is. a) Only I.
d) contraction of has. b) Only II.
e) contraction of was. c) Only III.
d) Only I and II.
8) (CONSULTEC 2012) The’ s in “government’s” is the
e) I, II and III.
“So the government’s told the country’s menfolk to shed
13) (FUNDATEC 2019) Connect the first column to the
their ties” (l. 11-12)
second, associating the uses of apostrophe in context to its
a) contraction of is.
function.
b) contraction of was.
Column 1
c) contraction of has.
1. To show possession.
d) plural ending.
2. To indicate an omission.
e) genitive case.
Column 2
( ) MATILDA’S READING HABITS

375
 ( ) They should consider the question if it’s possible for a 17) (FUNDATEC 2018) Consider the use of apostrophe in the
book to fit into more than one genre. sentences below, then judge if they show possession (P) or
( ) Can they tailor their recommendations to match omission (O) according to the context of occurrence.
Matilda’s taste? ( ) Young people’s language today.
( ) When they’ve finished, ask them to read them out to ( ) there’s something.
the rest of the class. ( ) Bare things poppin’ off.
The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top
to the bottom, is: to the bottom, is:
a) 1 – 1 – 1 – 2. a) O – O – O.
b) 1 – 2 – 1 – 2. b) O – P – O.
c) 1 – 2 – 2 – 2. c) P – P – P.
d) 2 – 1 – 2 – 1. d) P – O – P.
e) 2 – 2 – 1 – 2. e) P – O – O.
14) (IBFC 2019) I stayed at the house of my brother. Assinale 18) (FUNDATEC 2018) Match Collumn A and B and
a alternativa correta. associate examples from the text with the correct use of
a) my brother house apostrophes.
b) my brother’s house Collumn A
c) my brother’s houses 1. Show possession.
d) my house’s brother 2. Show omission.
15) (FEPESE 2018) Study the following sentence: Collumn B
“Perhaps they were detected as flaws in a product’s quality ( ) And it still is, only now I sit at Maya's feet.
caused inadvertently by one or more workers trying to keep ( ) She's the woman who can share my triumphs
pace with production demands that should not have been ( ) her mother's boyfriend stole her virginity.
placed on them.” ( ) She’s a Tony-nominated actress who has appeared in
1. the word ‘trying’ is being used in the sentence as a such productions as Look Away (1973) and Roots, a 1977
continuous verb. miniseries.
2. the tense used in: ‘were detected, is the passive voice. Mark the correct order.
3. the word ‘flaws’ means ‘imperfections’. a) 1 – 1 – 2 – 2.
4. in ‘product’s quality’, the (‘s) indicates possession. b) 1 – 2 – 1 – 2.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct ones. c) 1 – 2 – 2 – 1.
a) Only 4 is correct. d) 2 – 1 – 2 – 1.
b) Only 1 and 3 are correct. e) 2 – 2 – 1 – 1.
c) Only 2 and 3 are correct. 19) (ACEP 2018) O termo destacado na frase “I told Angel’s
d) Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct. story four months ago and asked New York Times readers
e) Only 2, 3 and 4 are correct. to help us find the cause of these terrible episodes of
16) (FUNDATEC 2015) Connect the first column to the rhabdomyolysis” (l. 24-25) representa:
second, associating the uses of apostrophe in context to its a) pronome possessivo.
function. b) pronome possessivo adjetivo.
Column 1 c) verbo TO BE.
1. To indicate an omission of letters or numbers. d) caso possessivo.
2. To show possession. 20) (PUC Minas) Qual destas frases está CORRETA?
Column 2 a) My father’s mother is my niece.
( ) We have found that immersing children in a range of b) My father’s mother is my aunt.
creative activities before reading the text means that they’re c) My father’s mother is my grandmother.
fully prepared, and excited, about the reading journey ahead d) My father’s mother is my great-grandmother.
of them. e) My father’s mother is my sister.
( ) What's the point of reading and writing anything. 21) (UEMA) Is this your car? No, it’s not. It’s _________.
( ) Whether it's an invitation to the headteacher to attend a a) John’s.
class assembly. b) of John’s
( ) As children's fluency in reading increases. c) the John’s
( ) This process expands the pupils' imaginations. d) of the John.
( ) when they start to read with a writer's mind. e) John.
The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top 22) (ITA-SP) Quanto às frases:
to the bottom, is: I. Peter’s house is different from Wilson.
a) 1 – 1 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 2. II. The children’s uncles were present.
b) 1 – 2 – 1 – 1 – 2 – 1. III. The girl’s dolls are expensive.
c) 1 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 1. a) a I está errada.
d) 2 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 2. b) a I e a III estão corretas.
e) 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 1 – 1. c) a I está correta.
d) todas estão corretas.
e) todas estão erradas.

376
23) (Cola da Web) Whose coat is this? It’s my ___________.
a) brother-in-law’s
b) brother’s-in law
c) brother-in’s-law
d) brother-in-law
e) todas são corretas
24) (Cola da Web) She bought the ______________ food.
a) dog’s
b) dog
c) of dog’s
d) of the dog
e) dogs’s
25) (Cola da Web) Have you seen those _________ dresses?
a) lady’s
b) ladies’
c) ladies’s
d) ladye’s
e) of ladies’
26) (Cola da Web) I like _______ plays.
a) Sophocles’s
b) Sophofocles’
c) Sophocles
d) of Sophocles
e) of Sophocles’
27) (Cola da Web) Here you have _______ grades.
a) James’
b) of James’
c) James’s
d) James
e) of James
28) (Cola da Web) There are my _______ toys.
a) children
b) children’s
c) child’s
d) of children
e) “b” and “c” are corrects
29) (Cola da Web) The women’s room is here, and the
_______ one is there.
a) mans’
b) men’
c) men’s
d) mens’s
e) of men’s
30) Em relação ao estudo do Genitive Case, é correto afirmar
que, um dos seus objetivos é:
a) Identificar a relação objeto-objeto.
b) Identificar um objeto
c) Identificar o possuidor.
d) Identificar a relação possuinte-possuinte.
31) O Genitive Case pode ser usado para identificar um ou mais
possuidores. Para o caso de dois possuidores:
a) Não flexionamos nenhum dos possuidores.
b) Flexionamos apenas o segundo possuidor.
c) Flexionamos ambos os possuidores.
d) Flexionamos apenas o primeiro possuidor.

377
 Gabarito
1) A
2) E
3) D
4) D
5) B
6) D
7) B
8) C
9) E
10) D
11) D
12) E
13) B
14) B
15) E
16) B
17) E
18) B
19) D
20) C
21) A
22) A
23) A
24) A
25) B
26) B
27) C
28) E
29) C
30) C
31) B

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 Classes Gramaticais c) adverb
d) adjective
1) (Colégio Naval 2022) Mark the sentence which is
7) (EEAr 2. 2016) The underlined words in the text are
grammatically correct
a) Luke and I clean the house every weekend Sam’s adventure
It’s a very hot Texas night; 35ºC! Sam can’t sleep. He’s
b) Everybody enjoyed very much the party
hot and he’s hungry. He goes to the kitchen. He cooks some
c) We have always to wait a long time for the bus
d) My parentes both are mathematics teachers fried bananas. But he forgets to turn off the gas. He leaves
e) They’re going on Saturday to South Africa the kitchen and goes to the pool. His parents are asleep;
2) (Colégio Naval 2022) Mark the sentence which is they don’t know about his adventure.
grammatically INCORRECT. He’s in the water-alone!
Mmm, It’s cool! Suddenly he gets cramp in his legs and
a) Do you usually work out in the morning?
he can’t swim. He looks at the house and it’s on fire. Sam’s
b) She got married on 23 July 2016.
parents are in there and he must help them. He is desperate.
c) Will you go out on next Saturday?
a) adjectives.
d) Don't worry! I'll be here at the weekend.
b) countable nouns.
e) They went on vacation in October.
c) verbs in the simple present tense.
3) (Colégio Naval 2022) Mark the sentence which is
d) verbs in the present continuous tense.
grammatically correct.
8) (EEAr 2. 2016) The words, in bold type, in the text are
a) Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world.
Olympic Sports
b) I've visited the Mexico and the United States recently.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens,
c) I know that the Amazon is a large forest in north of
Greece, in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 countries
Brazil.
participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43
d) I went to London and visited the British Museum last
different events in just 9 sports (track and field,
year.
swimming, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, shooting,
e) England used to be part of United Kingdom for
centuries. tennis, weight lifting, and wrestling). In 2004, the
Olympic Games took place once again in Athens. This time
4) (EPCAR 2021) In the passage where kids spend most of
athletes from 202 countries competed in 300 events in 28
their waking hours (l. 53 - 54), the underlined word is a(n)
“School, where kids spend most of their waking hours, is in sports. Only five sports have been in every Olympic
many ways the antithesis of a place where kids feel Games.
competence, autonomy, and relatedness.” Fonte: adapted from Thoughts and Notions.
a) verb. a) verbs
b) nouns
b) adjective.
c) pronouns
c) adverb.
d) adjectives
d) noun.
9) (EEAr 2. 2016) The underlined word in the text is
5) (EsSA 2021) Which option has one word out of context?
There was a nice little girl which name was April
a) short – tall – good-looking – pretty – heavy – thin.
a) an adjective
b) shorts – sneakers – swimsuit – cap – T-shirt – skirt.
b) a pronoun
c) Brazilian – Russian – New Yorker – France – Spanish –
c) a noun
English.
d) a verb
d) friendly – serious – funny – nice – smart – shy.
10) (EEAr 2. 2017) The words “after”, “in”, “of” and “from”,
e) China – Mexico – Germany – Turkey – India – United
Kingdom. in bold in the text, are __________.
Five days after a police operation in Cracolândia
6) (EEAr 1. 2016) Summer Wine
(Crackland) in the center of São Paulo, drug addicts have
Hot-weather drinking requires its own genre of wines: light,
spread to various parts of the region, such as Paulista
easygoing, blithe and, above all, refreshing. These sorts of
avenue, as well as the space underneath the João Goulart
wines are enjoyable year-round, but in the sweaty summer
overpass, which is also known as the Minhocão.
months, the desirable becomes the imperative.
The officers from the GCM (the Metropolitan Civil
It’s not a question of red or white or even pink. All are
good as long as they come in the proper summer weight. Guard) have accompanied the movement of those who
Just as winter wools are stored away, so are enervating belonged to the “flow” (fluxo) – a term used to describe
heavy wines that weigh you down, rather than pep you up. outdoor areas where people negotiate and consume drugs.
These summery wines are especially appealing when the Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional – 26/05/2017
GLOSSARY
price is equally untaxing. I’ve long asserted that the greatest
overpass = viaduto, elevado
values in wines are in the $15 to $25 range.
a) articles
(Adapted from www.nytimes.com)
b) adverbs
GLOSSARY
c) pronouns
Winter wools: cobertor de inverno
d) prepositions
to Pep up: animar
The word “appealing” (line 9), in the text, is a(n)
a) verb
b) noun

379
11) (EEAr 2. 2017) The words “small”, “sweet” e is a natural resource that they have to preserve. Zelda
“ornamental”, underlined in the text, are __________. Tinska, an actress from the film, said that she honestly
A homeless man has chosen to occupy his free time thinks that the West is a society which is obsessed with
revitalizing a small square on the corner of avenues São fame and celebrity. People do not visit the beach because
João and Duque de Caxias, in downtown São Paulo. He they want to see the actual location but because there was a
planted pau-brasil, palm, banana and avocado trees. He also film shot there – and Thailand is an amazing country and
planted boldo, sweet potatoes, beans, peppers and there are many other beaches as beautiful as Maya Bay.
ornamental plants, such as snake plants. Residents noticed a) an adjective.
the square’s gradual changes and congratulated the author b) an adverb.
for the modifications. c) a noun.
a) Nouns d) a verb.
b) adverbs 15) (EEAr 2. 2018) The word “darling”, line 2, in the text
c) pronouns refers to
d) adjectives Yes, my darling, she said, without __________ her eyes.
12) (EEAr 1. 2018) The four words in bold, in the text, are: a) an adjective.
It was a beautiful summer afternoon with the sun shining b) an adverb.
brightly. I excitedly phoned my friends asking them to c) a noun.
come over later for a barbecue. d) a verb.
After making the calls I quickly drove into town to buy 16) (EEAr 1. 2019) The word “astonishing”, underlined in the
some food and drink. When I arrived at the shops I was text, is a / na
very surprised at how busy it was. Everyone must have The amount of time people spend watching television is
been shopping for a barbecue! astonishing.
The first butchers I visited had completely run out of a) verb.
sausages. The next shop had some left so I happily bought b) noun.
some. After visiting a few more shops I had finally finished c) adverb.
my shopping. But I was starting to worry as it was 6 p.m. d) adjective.
and I had invited my friends to visit at 6:30 p.m 17) (EEAr 1. 2019) The words “violent” and “subsequently”,
I hastly rushed to the car park with all of my shopping and underlined in the text, are:
threw it in the boot. Suddenly I notice that the cars were The cost of a cigarette
moving really slowly out of the car park and there was a bit A businesswoman’s desperate need for a cigarette on an 8-
of traffic jam. It was past 6:30 p.m. When I arrived home hour flight from American Airlines resulted in her being
and I was extremely worried. As a drove into my drive I arrested and handcuffed, after she was found lighting up in
smiled happily when I saw my friends sitting in my front the toilet of a Boeing 747, not once but twice. She was
garden. Luckily they had realized I was stuck at the shops because she turned violent when the plane landed in
and they waited for me. England, where the police subsequently arrested and
a) Nouns handcuffed her. Joan Norrish, aged 33, yesterday became
b) Adverbs the first person to be prosecuted under new laws for
c) Pronouns smoking on board a plane, when she was fined £440 at
d) Adjectives Uxbridge magistrates’ court.
13) (EEAr 2. 2018) The word “latest” underlined in the text is a) a noun and a pronoun
___________. b) an adverb and an adjective
But the latest eruption took volcanologists by surprise c) and adjective and a noun
when it invaded Leilani Estates, a residential area near d) an adjective and an adverb
Kilauea 18) (EEAr 2. 2019) The word “losers” underlined in the text is
a) a reflexive pronoun No time for losers
b) a superlative a) an adjective.
c) an auxiliary b) an adverb.
d) a noun c) a noun.
14) (EEAr 2. 2018) The word “honestly” underlined in the text d) a verb.
is 19) (EEAr 2. 2019) Dear Jane,
Tourists in Maya Bay Everybody says that people like to wear sunglasses. My
Maya Bay in Thailand made headlines in 1999 when mother has two and my sisters have many. In my opinion,
Hollywood arrived there to film ‘The Beach’ starring sunglasses make people look artificial. My friends disagree
Leonardo DiCaprio. Since then, tourists have flooded this with me. They always do that. Nobody understands me. Am
beach with as many as 4,000 visitors arriving on boats I wrong?
every day.The mass tourism exhausted the once-pristine The word Everybody in bold in the text is
beach and ruined the natural life. That is why people closed a) a pronoun.
the beach to tourists for four months. When it reopens by b) an article.
the end of September, they will impose a limit of 2,000 c) a number.
visitors per day.A marine scientist said that he and the other d) a verb.
scientists made a mistake thinking that the money from the
movie was very important, but now they see that the beach

380
20) (EEAr 2. 2019) In the sentence in bold type, Greg’s ‘Cause I give you all of me
personal characteristics are mainly expressed by the use of And you give me all of you
____________. ...
Greg is lazy, petty, slightly narcissistic, sociopathic, a) Love (line 03)
egotistical, eccentric, egocentric, usually backstabbing, and b) Lose (line 08)
sometimes even selfish and dishonest c) Beginning (line 07)
a) conjunctions d) Winning (line 08)
b) adjectives 24) (EEAr 1. 2021) The word “amazing” underlined in the text
c) adverbs is:
d) verbs
21) (EEAr 1. 2020) The underlined words, in the text, are Just the way you are
Price Tag Bruno Mars
Jessie J Oh, her eyes, her eyes
Seems like everybody’s got a price Make the stars look like they’re not shinin’
I wonder how they sleep at night Her hair, her hair
When the sale comes first Falls perfectly without her trying
And the truth comes second She’s so beautiful and I tell her everyday
Just stop for a minute and smile Yeah, I know, I know
Why is everybody so serious When I compliment her she won’t believe me
Acting so damn mysterious And it’s so, it’s so
Got shades on your eyes Sad to think that she don’t see what I see
And your heels so high But every time she asks me, “Do I look okay?”
That you can’t even have a good time I say
Everybody look to the left When I see your face
Everybody look to the right There’s not a thing that I would change
Can you feel that yeah ‘Cause you’re amazing
We’re paying with love tonight Just the way you are
It’s not about the money money money And when you smile
We don’t need your money money money The whole world stops and stares for a while
We just wanna make the world dance ‘Cause girl you’re amazing
Forget about the price tag Just the way you are
Ain’t about the uh cha-ching cha-ching Yeah
Ain’t about the yeah b-bling b-bling Adapted from
Wanna make the world dance https://www.google.com/search?q=just+the+way+you+are
Forget about the price tag a) a noun
a) adjectives b) a verb
b) adverbs c) an adverb
c) nouns d) an adjective
d) verbs 25) (EEAr 1. 2021) The words in bold in the text, “proactive /
22) (EEAr 1. 2020) The words “bite” and “net”, in the comic set / deed / but”, are respectively examples of
strip, are, respectively:
Ways To Live Your Life To The Fullest
How do you feel about your life today? Are you living
every day in excitement? Do you love what you’re doing?
Are you excited every single moment? Are you looking
forward to what’s coming up next? Are you living your best
life?
a) a noun and a noun If your answer to any of the above is a no, maybe, or not
b) a noun and a verb sure, that means you’re not living your life to the fullest.
c) a verb and a noun Which really shouldn’t be the case, because your life
d) a verb and a verb experience is yours to create. Why settle for anything less
23) (EEAr 1. 2020) All of the words bellow are verbs, than what you can get? You deserve nothing but the best.
EXCEPT: Here are some ways to live your life to the fullest:
All of me Live every day on a fresh new start.
‘Cause all of me Be true to who you are.
Loves all of you Quit complaining.
Love your curves and all your edges Be proactive.
All your perfect imperfections Rather than think “what if”, think “next time”.
Give your all to me Create your own opportunities.
I’ll give my all to you Live consciously each day.
You’re my end and my beginning Be committed to your growth.
Even when I lose I’m winning Know your inner self.

381
 Discover your life purpose. 30) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) According to the text, the underlined
Stop putting life on hold. word “which” is a_____________.
Set your goals. “a public official gives a government contract to a company
Be positive. in which he, or she has a financial interest.”
Build genuine, authentic connections. a) conjunction linking two sentences
Do a kind deed a day b) word that expresses consequence
Maximize your mind, body, heart and soul. c) word that expresses conclusion
Be your best self. d) relative pronoun
Last but not least: LOVE LIFE. 31) (EEAr BCT 1. 2020) The word “within”, in bold type in
Adapted from https://personalexcellence.co/blog/101-ways- the text, is a______________.
to-live-your-life-to-the-fullest/ “The printing press ranks within the top two or three
a) Adjective / noun / preposition / adverb inventions in history.”
b) Adverb / verb / determiner / adjective a) preposition
c) Adjective / verb / noun / conjunction b) conjunction
d) Adverb / noun / conjunction / verb c) pronoun
26) (EEAr 2. 2021) Choose the alternative that best completes d) noun
the following gap. 32) (EEAr BCT 2. 2020) The words “beautiful”, “highly”,
She has a bad stomachache,_________, she should see a “intelligent” and “child”, in the context, are:
doctor. - I have a question. What would happen if there were a
a) nevertheless beautiful and highly intelligent child up in heaven waiting
b) throughout to be born and his or her parents decided that the children
c) therefore they already had were enough?
d) neither - Your ignorance of theology and medicine is appalling!
27) (EEAr 1. 2022) The word “tasty” in the text is: - I still think it’s a good question!
Camping Adapted from https://www.peanuts.com/comics/
On Sunday morning, Tom and his family went camping. a) Adjective, adverb, adjective, noun
They camped near the lake. Their tent was shaped like an b) Adjective, adverb, adverb, noun
igloo. It was made of a thin cloth. Tom helped clean up. c) Adverb, adjective, noun, adverb.
They ate a tasty meal of barbecued chicken and corn. When d) Noun, noun, adjective, adverb
it got dark they made a fire. They told stories and sang 33) (EEAr BCT 1. 2021) The words “longing”, “change”,
songs. “myself” and “hardcore”, underlined in the text, are
a) a verb. respectively:
b) an adverb. Shallow
c) a pronoun. Lady Gaga
d) an adjective. Tell me something, girl
28) (EEAr BCT 1. 2016) In the cartoon, “hovering” is Are you happy in this modern world?
Or do you need more?
Is there something else you’re searching for?
I’m falling
In all the good times
I find myself longing for change
And in the bad times I fear myself
Tell me something, boy
Aren’t you tired trying to fill that void?
a) a verb Or do you need more?
b) a noun Ain’t it hard keeping it so hardcore?
c) an adverb I’m falling
d) an adjective In all the good times
29) (EEAr BCT 1. 2018) Choose the synonym in the context I find myself longing for change
for the underlined word in the title, and its correct part of And in the bad times I fear myself
speech. I’m off the deep end, watch as I dive in
Heathrow expansion should face strict environmental I’ll never meet the ground
conditions, say MPs. Crash through the surface
a) easygoing – adverb Where they can’t hurt us
b) tough – adjective We’re far from the shallow now
c) fear – adjective https://www.letras.mus.br/lady-gaga/shallow-feat-bradley-
d) severely – adverb. cooper/
a) verb, verb, possessive pronoun, noun
b) verb, noun, reflexive pronoun, adjective
c) adjective, verb, adjective pronoun, noun
d) adjective, noun, reflexive pronoun, adjective

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34) (EEAr BCT 2. 2022) The words “hearing” in the first Texto para a questão 38
frame and “building” in the second frame have both the TEXT V
function of Oh, I’ve just come from the land of the sun
From a war that must be won
In the name of truth
With our soldiers so brave
Your freedom we will save
With our rifles and grenades
And some help from God
I want to see my family
My wife and child waiting for me
I’ve got to go home
I’ve been so alone you see
You just can’t believe
The joy I did receive
When I finally got my leave
And I was going home
Oh, I flew through the sky
My convictions could not lie
For my country I would die
And I will see it soon
When I walked through the door
My wife she laid upon the floor
And with tears her eyes were sore
a) adjectives. I did not know why
b) adverbs. Then I looked into her hand
c) nouns. And I saw the telegram
d) verbs. Said that I was a brave, brave man
35) (EsPCEx 2020) About the words purposefully, carefully But that I was dead
and efficiently (paragraph 4) , it is correct to say that (SUMMER, Bernard; GILBERT, Gillian; HOOK, Peter;
The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more MORRIS, S
purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate tephen. Lyrics to Love Vigilantes, performed by New Order,
efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of Low Life CD, track 1, Universal Music Publishing Group,
someone speaking a second or third language. 1986.
a) they are adjectives. Taken from https://lyricfind.com)
b) they are nouns. 38) (AFA 2022) Read the statements below considering the
c) they are verbs. aspects of grammar and meaning of Text V.
d) they are prepositions. I. The war referred by the speaker is over.
e) they are adverbs. II. The speaker had been conscripted to engage in combat.
36) (AFA 2017) In the sentence “land degradation due to III. Some parts of speech were left out of the phrase in line
increased human activities has impacted negatively on 4.
agricultural production” (lines 45 to 47) it is INCORRECT IV. The use of the auxiliary verb in line 13 is substandard.
to state that V. The noun in line 17 is a false cognate.
a) the adverb ‘negatively’ suggests the idea of something The only correct statements are
with unsatisfactory results. a) I and II.
b) no change of meaning happens if the expression ‘due to’ b) I and V.
is replaced by ‘because of’. c) II and III.
c) the time tense of the sentence refers to a past situation d) III and IV.
which has no relation with the present moment. Texto para a questão 39
d) ‘land degradation’ can be defined as the result of several TEXT VI
actions that worsened the quality of the soil. Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, caused
37) (AFA 2019) Mark the alternative that LACKS the correct something of a stir at the annual Air Force Association’s Air
synonym for the underlined word. Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida. During an informal
a) Cancer also often causes psychological problems (lines ‘fireside chat’ with Lt. Gen. John Thompson of Space
18 and 19) – generally. Command on Friday, Musk told a room packed with fighter
b) Besides analogy, there are further qualities of music that pilots that “the fighter jet era has passed”. Now, Musk is
can be beneficial (lines 65 to 67) – apart from. renowned for finding soundbites for the media to hook onto,
c) Therefore, music is a reality, which represents another and also of causing calculated disruption in his target audience,
reality (lines 70 and 71) – thus. but even by his standards this is a well-baited line. What makes
d) “For it evokes memories about persons, objects or this such a bold and controversial statement?
incidents” (lines 73 and 74) – conversely. The contemporary battlefield is far more networked,
complex, congested and lethal – it’s those that adapt that will

383
survive. Simply being ‘a good stick’ will rapidly no longer cut
it in the hostile skies of the future.
Musk’s main thrust is, however, that the human in the
cockpit is the limiting factor in air combat now, not the
advantage.
Firstly, humans are awkward for aircraft designers to
accommodate. In a modern fighter the pilot sits on an ejection
seat for emergency escape, needs an oxygen supply and air-
conditioning to function at extremes of temperature and
altitude, and requires flight controls and instruments to fly and
fight the machine. All of these add a significant amount of
weight and cost into the aircraft. Moreover, having a
transparent canopy to permit the crew to see out does little to
improve signature management1 as radar cross section and the
chances of reflected sun glint all increase. The human also adds
more weight, especially when encumbered with flight kit such
as helmet, NVGs, g-suit and flight planning and survival
equipment. Traditionally, pilots sit toward the front of the
aircraft to afford them the best view for take-off and landing, as
well as air combat. This has implications on aerodynamics,
stealth1 design and weight distribution factors. In short, it can
make the designers life a lot simpler if the pilot/crew are not in
the aircraft.
(Extracted from https://www.forbes.com/. Accessed on
March 03, 2022.)
Vocabulary:
1. Signature management and stealth: both terms refer to
technology that reduces the likelihood of personnel,
aircrafts, missiles, etc. being detected.
39) (AFA 2022) Analyzing the grammatical aspects of Text VI,
and considering the standard use of language, it’s correct to
say that
a) an (line 3) introduces a description.
b) a lot (line 34) can be replaced by very.
c) does (line 24) is being used as an auxiliary.
d) causing (line 7) can be used in the form cause.
40) (EFOMM 2013) Mark the correct option to complete the
sentence.
‘Her new beach house isn’t _______________ finished’.
a) besides
b) therefrom
c) whereas
d) afterwards
e) altogether
41) (EFOMM 2014) Which sentence is grammatically correct?
a) I think I would enjoy a city life.
b) You’ve made a very good progress.
c) We are having a terrible weather.
d) A child needs plenty of love.
e) What a nonsense!
42) (EFOMM 2014) Which sentence IS NOT correct?
a) She went and got him from the station.
b) I am going to try and eat something.
c) Be sure and ask Uncle Sam about the vegetables.
d) She tried and ate something, but she couldn’t manage.
e) Hurry up and open the door.
43) (EFOMM 2014) Choose the correct alternative.
a) He explained it all carefully, but I was not the wiser.
b) My grandmother can run twice faster than you.
c) I spent more money than it was sensible yesterday.
d) There were more people at the meeting than we had
expected them.
384
e) She was the first woman to climb that mountain solo.
44) (EFOMM 2014) Which sentence is correct?
a) The news today are very bad.
b) The aircraft are being refuelled.
c) The staff is on strike.
d) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
e) He picked up the dice and threw them again.
45) (EFOMM 2015) Mark the correct alternative.
a) She does probably not know.
b) I won't probably be there.
c) I didn't judge fair.
d) He laughed silly.
e) The accused was charged with the crime today.
46) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct answer.
a) This cheese tastes well.
b) Susan pulled her belt tightly and started off.
c) Can you suggest me a good dentist?
d) The forecast says it will grow colder tomorrow.
e) Who did you buy it?
47) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct sentence.
a) My best friend is as smart as me.
b) Nobody but I knew the end of the story.
c) Do you want Paul or I to phone her?
d) I poured her a glass of water, she drank at once.
e) He was admired by the people with who he worked.
48) (EFOMM 2015) Which sentences are grammatically
correct?
I- He goes running in all weathers.
II- I have difficulties in remembering faces.
III- Do you think we have much chance of catching the
train?
IV- He speaks an excellent English.
V- We’ve bought three groceries.
a) Only I and IV
b) Only I and III
c) Only II and IV
d) Only III and V
e) Only II and V
49) (EFOMM 2015) Choose the option that contains only
nouns.
a) Absentee, craftsmanship, golden, confusion
b) Assistant, friendliness, kindness, frosty
c) Adhesive, mindful, backwards, slowly
d) Wisdom, amazement, ammunition, cruelty
e) Heroic, wooden, poetic, clockwise
50) (EFOMM 2016) Mark the correct alternative.
a) The repairs are certain of costing more than you think.
b) We didn’t reach agreement on any of the discussed
problems.
c) Children may resemble both their father and their
mother in different ways.
d) It is not expected to have difficulty in finding somebody
suitably qualified.
e) Her family are easy to get on with them.
51) (EFOMM 2016) All the sentences below are correct,
EXCEPT:
a) Carefully, she laid the papers on the table and left the
room.
b) These children are very badly brought up. They are
always shouting and fighting each other.
c) We looked at lots of different makes of car but, in the
end it was a question of price.
 d) The train is my favorite way of transport.
e) The road out of our village goes up a steep hill.
52) (EFOMM 2016) Choose the option that correctly
completes the text below, respectively.
“______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton
strolled from Curzon Street over to the Albany to call on his
uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered
old bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish,
______ it derived no particular benefit from him, but
______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the
people who amused him.”
(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins
Classics.)
a) On / which / nonetheless / that
b) About / where / notwithstanding / which
c) In / who / instead / whom
d) At / whom / because / who
e) Around / that / consequently / which
53) (EFOMM 2017) Mark the correct option.
a) Many cattle are suffering from a serious disease.
b) The police is looking for a dark-haired man in his
twenties.
c) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
d) Her jeans is too tight at the hips.
e) Where are those five pounds I lent you?
54) (EFOMM 2017) Mark the only option which is NOT
grammatically correct.
a) We’ve all got terrible voices, but I sing worst of all.
b) Thank you very much indeed. That is most kind of you.
c) She’s the fastest player of them all.
d) We’re walking by far the slowest.
e) The more it is dangerous, the more I like it.
55) (EFOMM 2017) Mark the correct alternative.
a) You have made me be a happy man.
b) I don’t know enough of French to read this.
c) I got a grandmother last month.
d) She spoke very fast that nobody could understand.
e) He’s from Austin, as you can tell from his accent.
56) (EFOMM 2017) Choose the correct sentence.
a) Pancho is always happy to offer advise if you ask him
for it.
b) Teachers always advice parents to emphasize studying
at home.
c) My doctor adviced me to go to the gym more often.
d) John has a bad habit of offering unsolicited advice.
e) Sarah will advice the city council that the deadline
might need to be extended.
57) (EFOMM 2018) Which sequence completes the sentences
correctly?
1. That man died________ he lived, fighting.
2. I wasn’t expecting ________ cold weather.
3. Don’t use your plate ________ an ashtray.
4. That’s John’s bike, unless I’m _________ mistaken.
5. They’re _________ fools.
a) like - such - as - much – so
b) like - so - as - very - such
c) as - such - as - very much - such
d) as - so - as - very much - so
e) as - such - like - very – so
385
58) (EFOMM 2018) Which alternative IS NOT correct?
a) Could you talk more quietly?
b) Thank you very much indeed. That is kindest of you.
c) The road is getting more and more sleep.
d) The more money he makes, the more useless things he
buys.
e) Can’t you drive any faster?
59) (EFOMM 2018) Which option is correct?
a) I think neither answer is right. Please, try again.
b) There isn’t many time left to develop the project.
c) She doesn’t need nothing else to finish the course.
d) Each member of the club have to undergo tests.
e) Both of us didn’t speak again until we arrived home.
60) (EFOMM 2019) Analyze the sentences and choose the
option which is grammatically correct.
I . I heard that she's looking forward to visit you.
II. She wanted that everyone understood her.
III. If you can't sleep, try taking sleeping pills.
IV. I'll never forget visiting Paris for the first time.
V. Remember locking the door on the way out.
a) (I) and (II)
b) (II) and (III)
c) (III) and (IV)
d) (II) and (IV)
e) (IV) and (V)
61) (EFOMM 2021) Which option corresponds to the
sentences that are grammatically correct?
I) Sue kissed them each on the forehead.
II) My niece has lost nearly each friend she had.
III) I can write with any hand.
IV) They each said what they thought.
V) Paul didn't get on with either parente
a) I, III and V
b) II, IV and V
c) I, III and IV
d) I, IV and V
e) I, II and IV
62) (EFOMM 2021) In which statement is the word well an
adjective?
a) The injured turtle is well now.
b) The mammal was well treated.
c) Tears well in eyes when turtles are back to the sea.
d) Well, I agree that some species are extinct.
e) Litter affects culture as well as economy
63) (EFOMM 2022) Choose the option that is grammatically
correct.
I- Speak up, will you?
II- Seafarers have fewer time to spend with their families.
III- The vases are handmade and every one is slightly
different.
IV-Because of the large number of people retiring, more
than one job have been offered.
V- She needn't fear our organization ever again.
a) II, IV and V
b) III, IV and V
c) II, III and IV
d) I, III and V
e) I, III and IV
64) (EFOMM 2022) Choose the option that correctly
completes the blanks below.
I- John acted ________ he had never seen her before.
II- She’s got an interview today, ________ the new dress.
III- He’ll be back next month ________ there is a bus
strike.
IV- Thanks for your support. We wouldn’t have finished it
in time ________.
a) I- as though/ II- hence/ III- unless/ IV- otherwise
b) I- like/ II- unless/ III- so/ IV- though
c) I- so/ II- as if/ III- hence/ IV- likewise
d) I- if/ II- owing to/ III- as if/ IV- so
e) I- as if/ II- regarding/ III- thus/ IV- then
65) (EFOMM 2022) Which option is NOT gramatically
correct?
a) Let’s go to that big round glass building
b) The girl’s leather red dress is short
c) That car is a beautiful and expensive powerful French
machine
d) These are two interesting Spanish courses
e) The two entrepreneurs created great smart solutions
66) (EFOMM 2022) Which statement is NOT correct?
a) I remember to be taught to speak English
b) She wants to pass her next test
c) This book was written by Eliot
d) The hypothesis is that they are to blame
e) Many waste materials are disposed of in na irregular
local
67) (Escola Naval 2011) Which alternative is grammatically
correct?
a) He suggested me to go on a diet.
b) He suggested me that I went on a diet.
c) He suggested me going on a diet
d) He suggested me that going on a diet
e) He suggested going on a diet
68) (Escola Naval 2013) Which of the alternatives below
contains a mistake?
a) He laid his hand on her head.
b) She is laying the table for lunch.
c) He's been lying in the sun for hours.
d) Don't lay on this sofa.
e) l'm sure he lied to me.
69) (Escola Naval 2013) Mark the alternative where there is a
mistake.
a) She moved the table carefully
b) He ran as fastly as he could
c) She studied hard for the test
d) Thor smells bad. Let’s wash him
e) John speaks perfect English
70) (Escola Naval 2013) Which of the alternatives completes
the sentence correctly?
"As a teacher, the thing that annoys me most is (1) ___. “
a) the cheat
b) cheating
c) to cheat
d) to cheating
e) cheated
386
71) (Escola Naval 2014) Which of the alternatives below
contains a mistake?
a) Be punctual.
b) Do make an effort to be on time.
c) Arrive in time for the dessert, then.
d) Don't be late, will you?
e) This time try to not be late.
72) (Escola Naval 2014) Mark the correct sentence
a) What would you do if you see a bug in your food?
b) If you’ll have some time tonight you should study
c) When I graduate, I’ll apply for a job in another country
d) If it will rain tomorrow, I won’t go out
e) I’ll give you a call as soon as I’ll get home
73) (Escola Naval 2014) Which of the alternatives is
grammatically INCORRECT?
a) Will you please put away your pens?
b) Put your pens away, please.
c) On my command, put them away.
d) Let's put them away because we won't write anymore.
e) I've done enough writing so I'll put away them.
74) (Escola Naval 2015) Which of the sentences below is
INCORRECT ?
a) Don't you believe him if he talks to you.
b) Do not shut down these computers!
c) Did study hard not to fail, but I did anyway.
d) Let us not go to the beach. It's going to rain.
e) Do forgive me, I didn't mean to be so rude.
75) (Escola Naval 2015) Which of the options completes the
sentence correctly?
People who are middle-aged and older tend to know
more than young adults ________ they have been around
longer, and score higher on vocabulary tests, crossword
puzzles and other measures of so-called crystallized
intelligence.
(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com).
a) so.
b) when.
c) while.
d) because.
e) in case.
76) (Escola Naval 2016) Analyze these sentences.
I - The boss discussed about the new sales report.
II - Does the coefficient of kinetic friction depend on
speed?
III - My son finally succeeded in finding a new job.
IV - Some people still blame the driver on the accident.
V - He apologized for his girlfriend to being late.
Choose the correct option.
a) Only I and II are grammatically correct.
b) Only II and III are grammatically correct.
c) Only II and IV are grammatically correct,
d) Only I and IV are grammatically correct.
e) Only II and V are grammatically correct.
77) (Escola Naval 2016) Mark the correct option.
a) Beth got married with an American engineer last week.
b) After 30 minutes standing in line, he was tired of
waiting.
c) The disadvantage in having a car is the need with
insurance.
d) During his high school years, he had always been good
in math and chemistry.
 e) There are some differences of living in a house and
living in a flat.
78) (Escola Naval 2016) Mark the only sentence that is correct.
a) I don't mind doing all the housework.
b) She suggested to go to a new restaurant on Sunday.
c) They avoid to go out at night because of the violence.
d) The children refused making their beds.
e) He promised not being late next time.
79) (Escola Naval 2017) Mark the correct option.
a) When times are tough, your friends will motivate you
hardly.
b) Enjoy the process of doing what you love and get
excitedly.
c) Your parents will have a lot of reasons to be proudly of
you.
d) Working in a job you hate makes the days go slowly.
e) Life without dreams can become very depressingly.
80) (Escola Naval 2019) Analyze these sentences.
I - Sheriff Grady Judd decided to do something to cheer up
young Daylin.
II - He came to Daylin's house to bringing him a brand new
bike and a helmet.
III - Daylin thanked the man while he worked to making
sure the helmet fit.
IV - Daylin will be able to ride the bike after he finishes his
medical treatment.
V - Sheriff Grady Judd hopes this bike will help him enjoy
to be a kid again.
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com)
Choose the correct option.
a) Only I and II are grammatically correct.
b) Only I and IV are grammatically correct.
c) Only II and III are grammatically correct.
d) Only II and IV are grammatically correct.
e) Only II and V are grammatically correct.
81) (Escola Naval 2022) Which option completes the
paragraph below correctly?
__________ I went to Georgetown University on
October 9, 2003, to interview Dr. James Alatis, I have to
admit that I was nervous. __________ I had met him
previously at an international convention (a mutual friend
introduced us), I was sure that he wouldn’t remember me.
(Adapted from ANCKER, William P. A call to service.
English Teaching Forum. V. 50, n. 1, p. 18-19, 2012.)
a) Before/ Since
b) After/ Therefore
c) While/ Besides
d) When/ Although
e) During/ Despite
Texto para a questão 82
Reboot the School
SALMAN KHAN’S YOUTUBE LESSONS HAVE
ALREADY MADE HIM A GEEK CELEBRITY.
NOW HE WANTS TO REINVENT HOMEWORK, BANISH
CLASSROOM LECTURES—AND MAYBE SAVE
EDUCATION
Fifth-graders at Eastside College Preparatory School in East
Palo Alto, Calif., sit at their desks with netbooks. They're in the
middle of a math lesson, listening as a teacher explains how to
convert percentages to decimals. "If we get rid of the percent
sign, we just have to move the decimal sign two places to the
left," the instructor says. Pens scribble across notebooks.
387
Eleven thousand miles away in Accra, Ghana, students at
the African School for Excellence are studying logarithms.
Their teacher is the same one firing off math tips in California–
both groups of kids are learning by watching online videos.
While the screen shows a march of equations and diagrams, the
students never actually see the face of the lecturer. There's just
a voice, deep, patient and unrehearsed—think NPR host
crossed with Mister Rogers. His inflection rises at times to
underscore a point or when he gets really excited. "Math is not
just random things to memorize and regurgitate on a test next
week," he says. "It's the purest way of describing the universe!"
The voice belongs to Salman Khan, a 35-year-old hedge-
fund manager turned YouTube professor to millions around the
world. Thanks to his Khan Academy, an online repository of
some 3,250 digital lectures, he has become a celebrity to
techies, educators and uncounted high schoolers cramming for
the AP biology test. His 18-minute discourse on the Krebs
cycle and cell metabolism has been viewed more than 675,000
times.
But Khan isn't satisfied with being the most famous teacher
ever to appear on a Web browser. He believes he has stumbled
onto a solution to some of education's most intractable
problems, with his video-driven teaching method at its heart.
He wants to fundamentally change the role of teachers in the
classroom—and redefine the concept of homework along the
way. And he has persuaded Bill Gates, Google's Eric Schmidt
and a minor constellation of other tech billionaires to back this
quest.
82) (ITA 2012) A palavra “teaching”, em “video-driven
teaching method” (linha 29),
a) deve ser traduzida por “ensinando”.
b) tem a mesma função gramatical da palavra “YouTube”,
na construção “YouTube professor” (linha 19).
c) refere-se à palavra “video”.
d) tem a mesma função gramatical da palavra “professor”,
na construção “YouTube professor” (linha 19).
e) tem a mesma função gramatical da palavra “turned”, na
construção “turned YouTube professor” (linha 19).
Texto para a questão 83
DISTANT PEAK CAR
Carmakers worry that one day demand for cars will stop
rising. But that is a long way off.
IN 1924 FORD ran an advertisement headlined “His First
Car”, urging fathers to buy their teenage sons their first set of
wheels. The idea caught on. For boys, especially, learning to
drive became an essential part of growing up. By the late 1970s
86% of American 18-year-olds—of both sexes—had a driving
licence. But then the trend went into reverse: researchers at the
University of Michigan found that in 2010 only 61% of 18-
year-old Americans had licences. Other rich countries are
going the same way. Teenagers are showing less interest in cars
as they turn their attention to smartphones and social
networking.
This is a worry for carmakers, who are wondering where
their future customers are going to come from. In the two
decades to 2008 the number of miles driven by Americans in
their 20s fell by 8%. In Britain a study for the RAC
Foundation, a transport-research body, found a 30% drop
among men in the same age group between 1996 and 2006.
One reason for concern is that half the world’s population
now lives in towns and cities, which have only so much space
for cars. Even in rapidly growing car markets such as China,
city governments in the more prosperous parts of the country
are beginning to restrict new car registrations and invest
heavily in public transport.
Young urban residents may also be meeting up less often in
person, thanks to social-networking sites that let them keep in
touch digitally. So they have less need for a car, and when they
do need one they turn to car clubs, which offer rental by the
hour in their neighbourhood, and to car-sharing schemes. In
particular, the generation who came of age after 2000, the so-
called “millennials”, express a preference for having access to
rather than owning cars. But some of that may be just talk. In a
survey by McKinsey, American millennials said they expected
to use car clubs in the future, but when asked if owning a car
would remain an important status symbol, they were much
more likely to answer “yes” than older consumers.
Economic factors, too, work against car ownership. Sheryl
Connelly, Ford’s “global trends and futuring” manager, notes
that a few decades ago teenagers in America often got free
driving lessons at school, but now they may have to pay up to
$800 for them before they can sit their test. The cost of adding
a young driver to the family’s car-insurance policy too has
risen sharply, she says. In Britain the RAC Foundation study
found that fewer young men are driving because their
employers have cut back on providing company cars.
However, studies also show a marked rise in the proportion
of elderly people with driving licences. Baby-boomers pretty
much all learned to drive, and now that they are beginning to
retire they expect to continue motoring. The development of
assisted driving, followed one day by fully automated cars, will
allow them to stay mobile for much longer.
What may be happening in rich countries is a one-off shift
in the timing of people’s driving careers, so that they start later
but then continue well into old age. This may be no bad thing
for carmakers. It has long been an open secret in the business
that cars are advertised as being for the young but are bought
mainly by the middle-aged with the necessary disposable
income. In America the average Mercedes buyer is in his late
50s, and even the supposedly youth-oriented MINI Cooper is
typically bought by people in their early 40s. The world’s
biggest car markets—China, North America and Europe—are
all greying.
So it is not clear that declining car ownership among young
urbanites will have more than a marginal effect on overall car
sales. Besides, argues Renault-Nissan’s Mr Ghosn, for most
people “their car is more than an object.” For some it is an
extension of their home, he says, and most people would rather
not share their home. For others it is their pet, and who wants
to share their pet?
83) (ITA 2013) Assinale a opção em que o emprego sintático
do item lexical that é diferente dos demais.
a) “... researchers at the University of Michigan found that
...” (linhas 6 - 7)
b) “One reason for concern is that ...” (linha 18)
c) “… thanks to social-networking sites that …” (linha 25)
d) “Sheryl Connelly, Ford’s “global trends and futuring”
manager, notes that …” (linhas 36 - 38)
e) “So it is not clear that ...” (linha 62)
Texto para as questões 84 e 85
THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE
One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got
an email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie Mellon’s vice
president for advancement. She told me a story.
388
She said she had been driving home from work the night
before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible.
It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man
had his top down and all his windows lowered. His arm was
hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were
tapping along to the music on his radio. His head was bobbing
along, too, as the wind blew through his hair.
Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the
side, she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face,
the kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s
all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself
thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating
this day and this moment.”
The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s
when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,”
she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!”
She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my
cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email,
she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private
moment, I was obviously in high spirits. Robbee wrote in her
email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you
made my day, reminding me of what life is all about.”
I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it
as a feedback loop of sorts.
It has not always been easy to stay positive through my
cancer treatment. When you have a dire medical issue, it’s
tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had
wondered whether a part of me was acting when I was with
other people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong
and upbeat. Many cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave
front. Was I doing that, too?
But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment.
I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She certainly saw me as I
was that evening.
Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to
me. She had given me a window into myself. I was still fully
engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK.
Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion,
2008. p.64-65
84) (ITA 2014) Assinale a oração que não contém expressão ou
termo qualificador.
a) It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening... (linha
6)
b) She was so struck by the sight of me. (linha 20)
c) …she was moved by how contented I seemed. (linha
22)
d) …I was obviously in high spirits. (linha 23)
e) She certainly saw me as I was that evening. (linhas 36 e
37)
85) (ITA 2014) Com relação às escolhas lexicais do autor no
texto, pode-se afirmar que
a) em “Carnegie Mellon’s vice president” (linhas 2 e 3),
“the driver’s side door” (linha 8), “the man’s full face”
(linha 18) e em “Robbee’s email” (linha 26) o uso do ’s
indica caso possessivo.
b) em “she found herself behind a man in a convertible”
(linha 5) e em “Robbee found herself thinking...” (linhas
14 e 15), o verbo find pode ser substituído por realize
sem prejudicar o sentido.
c) em “as the wind blew through his hair” (linha 10), “...as
she wrote in her email...” (linha 21) e em “...as a
feedback loop of sorts” (linha 27) os itens sublinhados
 podem ser substituídos por while sem prejudicar o
sentido.
d) absentminded (linha 13), feedback (linha 27) e engaged
(linha 40) são empregados como substantivos.
e) eventually (linha 17), obviously (linha 23), really (linha
30) e certainly (linha 36) indicam o mesmo tipo de
advérbio.
Texto para as questões 86 e 87
Brazil’s business Belindia – Why the country produces
fewer world-class companies than it should
BRAZILIANS make up almost 3% of the planet’s
population and produce about 3% of its output. Yet of the firms
in Fortune magazine’s 2014 “Global 500” ranking of the
biggest companies by revenue only seven, or 1.4%, were from
Brazil, down from eight in 2013. And on Forbes’s list of the
2,000 most highly valued firms worldwide just 25, or 1.3%,
were Brazilian. The country’s biggest corporate “star”,
Petrobras, is mired in scandals, its debt downgraded to junk
status. In 1974 Edmar Bacha, an economist, described its
economy as “Belindia”, a Belgium-sized island of prosperity in
a sea of India-like poverty. Since then Brazil has done far
better than India in alleviating poverty, but in business terms it
still has a Belindia problem: a handful of world-class
enterprises in a sea of poorly run ones.
Brazilian businesses face a litany of obstacles: bureaucracy,
complex tax rules, shoddy infrastructure and a shortage of
skilled workers—to say nothing of a stagnant economy. But a
big reason for Brazilian firms’ underperformance is less well
rehearsed: poor management. Since 2004 John van Reenen of
the London School of Economics and his colleagues have
surveyed 11,300 midsized firms in 34 countries, grading them
on a five-point scale based on how well they monitor their
operations, set targets and reward performance. Brazilian
firms’ average score, at 2.7, is similar to that of China’s and a
bit above that of India’s. But Brazil ranks below Chile (2.8)
and Mexico (2.9); America leads the pack with 3.3. The best
Brazilian firms score as well as the best American ones, but its
long tail of badly run ones is fatter.
Part of the explanation is that medium and large firms tend
to be better-organised than small ones, and not only because
well-run ones are likelier to grow. Brazil offers incentives
aplenty to stay bitty, such as preferential tax treatment for firms
with a turnover of no more than 3.6m reais ($1.3m). As they
expand, many firms split rather than face increased scrutiny
from the taxman. According to the World Bank, a midsized
Brazilian firm spends 2,600 hours filing taxes each year. In
Mexico, it is 330 hours.
Ownership patterns play a part too. Many Brazilian
concerns are controlled by an individual shareholder, or one or
two families. Two-thirds of those with sales of more than $1
billion a year are family-owned, notes Heinz-Peter Elstrodt of
McKinsey, a consulting firm. That is less than in Mexico
(96%) or South Korea (84%) but more than in America or
Europe. Mr Van Reenen’s research shows that where family
owners plump for outside chief executives, their firms do no
worse than similarly sized ones with more diverse
shareholders. But all too often they pick kin over professional
managers—and performance suffers. This is particularly true in
“low-trust” societies like Brazil, where bosses hire relatives
instead of better-qualified strangers to avoid being robbed or
sued for falling foul of overly worker-friendly labour laws.
389
Decades of economic turmoil—which ended when
hyperinflation was vanquished in 1994—meant that companies
were managed from crisis to crisis. This forced Brazilian firms
to be nimble. But it also encouraged short-termism, which
management consultants and academics finger as Brazilian
managers’ number-one sin. Faced with a record drought in
2014, and a subsequent spike in energy prices in a hydropower-
dependent country, Usiminas, a steelmaker, stopped smelting
and started selling power it had bought on cheap long-term
contracts. Energy sales made up most of its operating profits
that year. Such short-term stunts are hardly the path to long-
term greatness.
Worse, crisis management all too often consists of going
cap in hand to the government. Brazilian bosses continue to
waste hours in meetings with politicians that could be better
spent improving their businesses. In January 2014, as vehicle
sales flagged, the automotive industry’s reflex reaction was to
descend on the capital, Brasília, and demand an extension of its
costly tax breaks. Thanks to lifelines cast by the state, feeble
firms stay afloat rather than sink and make room for more agile
competitors. Shielded from competition by tariffs, subsidies
and local-content rules, they have little reason to innovate. A
locally invented gizmo which lets cars run on both petrol and
biodiesel is nifty. But, asks Marcos Lisboa of Insper, a business
school, does that really justify six decades of public support for
the motor industry?
The dead hand of government
Indeed, a glance at the “Belgian” end of Brazil’s corporate
landscape suggests that successful firms cluster in sectors the
state has not tried desperately to help, such as retail or finance.
Bradesco, a big lender, is internationally praised as a pioneer of
automated banking. Each month Arezzo creates 1,000 new
models of women’s shoes, and picks 170-odd to sell in its
shops.
Brazil’s other world-beaters are in industries like
agriculture and aerospace, which are free to compete at home
and abroad, and in which the government sticks to its proper
role. In 1990 farms were allowed to consolidate and to buy
foreign machines, pesticides and fertiliser. Efforts by Brazil’s
trade negotiators opened up export markets. JBS, a meat giant,
can slaughter 100,000 head of cattle a day, selling more beef
than any rival worldwide. Thanks in part to Embrapa, the
national agriculture-research agency, Brazilian farms have been
raising productivity by about 4% a year for two decades.
Similarly, a supply of skilled engineers and know-how from
the government’s Technological Institute of Aeronautics has
helped turn Embraer, privatised in 1994, into one of the
world’s most successful aircraft-makers.
The success of businesses such as these offers a lesson for
the state. The best way to make Brazil’s underperforming firms
more competitive would be to make them compete more.
Coddling by the state can be more a curse than a blessing.
Ronald Reagan’s dictum that the nine most terrifying words in
the English language are, “I’m from the government and I’m
here to help,” translates well into Flemish, Hindi and Brazilian
Portuguese.
By Schumpeter. In: The Economist. Feb 28th,2015.
86) (ITA 2015) Os termos sublinhados nas orações abaixo
podem ser substituídos, respectivamente, sem que haja
prejuízo do sentido, por:
I. Ownership patterns play a part too (linha 38) → as well.
II. Decades of economic turmoil... (linha 52) → growth.
 III. Brazilian bosses continue to waste hours in meetings
with politicians…(linhas 65 e 66) → findings.
IV. In January 2014, as vehicle sales flagged… (linha 66 e
67) → dropped.
Estão corretas
a) apenas I e II.
b) apenas I e III.
c) apenas I e IV.
d) apenas II e IV.
e) apenas III e IV.
87) (ITA 2015) Considere as seguintes afirmativas:
I. Em “This forced Brazilian firms to be nimble. But it also
encouraged short-termism, which management
consultants...” (linhas 53 – 55), os pronomes sublinhados
possuem o mesmo referente.
II. Em “The best Brazilian firms score as well as the best
American ones...” (linhas 26 e 27) e em “Brazil offers
incentives aplenty to stay bitty, such as preferential tax
treatment…” (linhas 31 e 32) os termos sublinhados têm o
mesmo sentido.
III. Em “This is particularly true in “low-trust” societies
like Brazil…” (linhas 47 e 48) e em “Bradesco, a big
lender, is internationally praised as a pioneer…” (linha 82)
os termos sublinhados têm o mesmo sentido.
IV. Em “...which ended when hyperinflation was
vanquished in 1994” (linhas 52 e 53) e em “…the
automotive industry’s reflex reaction was to descend on the
capital…” (linhas 68 e 69), as formas verbais sublinhadas
estão na voz passiva.
Está(ão) correta(s)
a) apenas I e III.
b) apenas II e III.
c) apenas III.
d) apenas III e IV.
e) apenas a IV.
Texto para a questão 88
a) apenas a I.
b) apenas a II.
c) apenas a III.
d) apenas a I e a II.
e) todas.
89) (ITA 2015) Marque a opção em que o item sublinhado
denota um qualificador.
a) Most digitally minded people continually post and
update pictures... (linha 4)
b) For those of us seeking to appear friendly and... (linha
7)
c) More importantly, the research also revealed the
unexpected finding… (linhas 10/11)
d) An analysis revealed that participants generally ranked
people... (linhas 16/17)
e) Surprisingly, participants did not rank faces as
indicative of physical strength… (linha 18)
90) (ITA 2016) Marque a opção em que o item sublinhado é
um qualificador.
a) Once, she was leading a staff meeting when she had no
idea [...] (linhas 10-11)
b) So, yes, she had had inklings that something was going
wrong [...] (linha 20)
c) [...] Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning memory to
the infirmities of age. (linhas 21-22)
d) [...] but there was no ignoring that something important
had happened. (linhas 26-27)
e) He emphasized this by pointing a finger at his head −
remember those words. (linhas 34-35)
Texto para a questão 91

91) (ITA 2016) Marque a opção em que os itens da tirinha

possuem a mesma classificação gramatical.
a) then – quite
b) intake - milestones
c) loss – huge
d) like – reach
e) providing – ratings

88) (ITA 2015) Considere as seguintes construções léxico-

gramaticais da figura:
I. O uso do -ing mostra que os tipos de inteligência são
momentâneos.
II. O uso dos pronomes you, we, your, yourself possibilita
identificação dos leitores com a figura.
III. Os pronomes what e why têm função interrogativa
Está(ão) correta(s)

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92) (ITA 2018) No contexto da tirinha, todas as palavras
pertencem à mesma classe gramatical, EXCETO:
a) lies
b) testing
c) shows
d) clicks
e) likes
Texto para as questões 93 e 94
Artificial intelligence (AI) is going to play an enormous
role in our lives and in the global economy. It is the key to
self-driving cars, the Amazon Alexa in your home, autonomous
trading desks on Wall Street, innovation in medicine, and
cyberwar defenses.
Technology is rarely good nor evil — it’s all in how
humans use it. AI could do an enormous amount of good and
solve some of the world’s hardest problems, but that same
power could be turned against us. AI could be set up to inflict
bias based on race or beliefs, invade our privacy, learn about
and exploit our personal weaknesses — and do a lot of
nefarious things we can’t yet foresee.
Which means that our policymakers must understand
and help guide AI so it benefits society. [...] We don’t want
overreaching regulation that goes beyond keeping us safe and
ends up stifling innovation. Regulators helped make it so
difficult to develop atomic energy, today the U.S. gets only
20% of its electricity from nuclear power. So while we need a
Federal Artificial Intelligence Agency, or FAIA, I would prefer
to see it created as a public-private partnership. Washington
should bring in AI experts from the tech industry to a federal
agency designed to understand and direct AI and to inform
lawmakers. Perhaps the AI experts would rotate through
Washington on a kind of public service tour of duty.
Importantly, we’re at the beginning of a new era in
government — one where governance is software-defined. The
nature of AI and algorithms means we need to develop a new
kind of agency — one that includes both humans and software.
The software will help monitor algorithms. Existing, old-
school regulations that rely on manual enforcement are too
cumbersome to keep up with technology and too “dumb” to
monitor algorithms in a timely way.
Software-defined regulation can monitor software-driven
industries better than regulations enforced by squads of
391
regulators. Algorithms can continuously watch emerging
utilities such as Facebook, looking for details and patterns that
humans might never catch, but nonetheless signal abuses. If
Congress wants to make sure Facebook doesn’t exploit
political biases, it could direct the FAIA to write an algorithm
to look for the behavior.
It’s just as important to have algorithms that keep an eye on
the role of humans inside these companies. We want
technology that can tell if Airbnb hosts are illegally turning
down minorities or if Facebook’s human editors are squashing
conservative news headlines.
The watchdog algorithms can be like open-source software
— open to examination by anyone, while the companies keep
private proprietary algorithms and data. If the algorithms are
public, anyone can run various datasets against them and
analyze for “off the rails” behaviors and unexpected results.
Clearly, AI needs some governance. As Facebook is
proving, we can’t rely on companies to monitor and regulate
themselves. Public companies, especially, are incentivized to
make the biggest profits possible, and their algorithms will
optimize for financial goals, not societal goals. But as a tech
investor, I don’t want to see an ill-informed Congress set up
regulatory schemes for social networks, search and other key
services that then make our dynamic tech companies as dull
and bureaucratic as electric companies. [...] Technology
companies and policymakers need to come together soon and
share ideas about AI governance and the establishment of a
software-driven AI agency. [...]
Let’s do this before bad regulations get enacted — and
before AI gets away from us and does more damage. We have
a chance right now to tee up AI so it does tremendous good. To
unleash it in a positive direction, we need to get the checks and
balances in place right now.
Adaptado de: <https://www.marketwatch.com/story/artificial-
intelligence-is-too-powerful-to-be-left-to-facebook-amazon-
and-other-tech-giants-2018-04-23> Acesso em: jun. 2018.
93) (ITA 2018) A palavra ou expressão sublinhada na primeira
coluna pode ser substituída pela palavra ou expressão na
segunda coluna em todas as opções, mantendo o mesmo
sentido, EXCETO em:
a) The watchdog algorithms can be like open-source
software […] → guardian
b) […] and analyze for “off the rails” behaviors […] →
illegal
c) […] before bad regulations get enacted […] → are
sanctioned
d) We have a chance right now to tee up AI […] →
organize
e) To unleash it in a positive direction […] → restrain
94) (ITA 2018) Observe o uso da palavra ‘so’ nas frases
abaixo.
I. […] and help guide AI so it benefits society […] (linha
13)
II. Regulators helped make it so difficult to develop […]
(linha 16 e 17)
III. So, while we need a Federal Artificial Intelligence
Agency, or FAIA […] (linha 18 e 19)
Assinale a alternativa que explica respectivamente, o uso de
‘so’.
a) Para expressar propósito, como intensificador, para
sintetizar ideias anteriores.
b) Para expressar resultado, para indicar tamanho ou
extensão, para substituir uma oração.
c) Para introduzir uma decisão, como advérbio de modo,
com sentido de ‘até o momento’.
d) Para indicar confirmação, para expressar efeito, como
conjunção adversativa.
e) Para indicar inclusão, como preposição, para indicar a
relevância do que será expresso.

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 Gabarito 62) A
1) A 63) D
2) C 64) A
3) D 65) B
4) B 66) A
5) C 67) E
6) D 68) D
7) C 69) B
8) B 70) B
9) A 71) E
10) D 72) C
11) D 73) E
12) B 74) C
13) B 75) D
14) B 76) B
15) C 77) B
16) D 78) A
17) D 79) D
18) C 80) B
19) A 81) D
20) B 82) B
21) A 83) C
22) A 84) E
23) C 85) A
24) D 86) C
25) C 87) C
26) C 88) B
27) D 89) B
28) A 90) C
29) B 91) B
30) D 92) C
31) A 93) E
32) A 94) A
33) B
34) C
35) E
36) C
37) D
38) C
39) A
40) E
41) D
42) D
43) E
44) B
45) E
46) D
47) A
48) B
49) D
50) C
51) D
52) D
53) A
54) E
55) E
56) D
57) C
58) B
59) A
60) C
61) D

393