ROTEIRO DE ORIENTAO DE ESTUDOS Ensino Mdio 1 Ano

Professora: CRISTINA

Disciplina: Ingls

Turma: A

O aluno dever revisar os pontos gramaticais abordados, ler os textos e fazer todos os exerccios em anexo e redaes solicitadas durante as frias de julho e traz-los prontos para entrega na primeira aula de Orientao de Estudos . No segundo dia de Orientao de Estudos haver uma prova sobre o contedo assimilado.

Bom trabalho e boas frias! Cristina

GRAMMAR SUMMARY
1
Use Uso
We use the Present Simple to talk: Ns usamos o Present Simple para falar: About things that we do regularly: Sobre coisas que fazemos regularmente:

Present Simple Presente Simples

E.g.: Susan takes her children to school every day. Ex.: Susan leva suas crianas para a escola todo dia. My mother always cooks breakfast for me. Minha me sempre cozinha o caf da manh pra mim.
About things that are true to the universe: Sobre coisas que so verdadeiras para o universo:

E.g.: The moon revolves around the earth. Ex.: A terra gira em torno do sol.
About (generally) permanent situation: Sobre situaes geralmente permanentes:

E.g.: My best friends father works as a waiter in a five-star hotel. Ex.: O pai do meu melhor amigo trabalha como garon em um hotel cinco estrelas.
About future actions related to times previously set: Sobre aes futuras relacionadas com horrios previamente fixados:

E.g.: My flight leaves for Paris at 7:30 p.m. Ex.: Meu vo sai para Paris s 7:30 da noite.
To describe historical facts, relate events, a film, jokes, a sports broadcast with more drama; it is called the historical present: Para descrever fatos histricos, relatar acontecimentos, um filme, piadas, uma transmisso esportiva com mais dramaticidade; o chamado presente histrico.

E.g.: King Charles I abdicates and his son Philip becomes Philip II. Ex.: Rei Carlos I abdica e seu filho Felipe torna-se Felipe II.
To give instructions in a recipe or in a demonstration in a laboratory etc. Para dar instrues em uma receita ou em uma demonstrao em um laboratrio etc.

E.g.: First you get all the ingredients, then you mix them in a bowl. Ex.: Primeiro voc pega todos os ingredientes, depois voc os mistura em uma tigela.
With verbs indicating mental process, feelings, senses, propriety, such as: to know, to understand, to believe, to have, to belong (to). Com verbos que indicam processo mental, sentimentos, propriedade como: saber, compreender, acreditar, ter, pertencer (a).

E.g.: I am sure you need some rest. Ex.: Eu tenho certeza que voc precisa de algum descanso. Do you understand what I am saying? Voc entende o que eu estou dizendo?

In conditional sentences (if) of the first type, and in time sentences introduced by when, as soon as, before, after, until. Em oraes condicionais (se), do primeiro tipo, e em oraes temporais, introduzidas por quando, to logo que, antes, depois, at.

E.g.: If it rains, I will not travel. Ex.: Se chover, eu no viajarei. Please give the secretary this message as soon as she arrives. Por favor d secretria esta mensagem to logo que ela chegue.

Form Forma
Statements: We add s or es to verbs with he/she/it in the Simple Present: He/She sings.

It sleeps on the bed. Afirmativas: Ns adicionamos s ou es a verbos com ele/ela/ele ou ela (neutro) no Presente: Ele/Ela canta. Ele (ou ela neutro) dorme na cama.
For verbs that end in consonant + y, change y to ies: I carry; he carries. Para verbos que terminam em consoante + y, mude y para ies: Eu carrego, ele carrega. Questions and negatives: We use the auxiliary do to form negatives and questions: does for the third person singular (he, she, it) and do for other people, only in the Simple Present. The auxiliary changes according to the tense. (did in the Past, will for Future, etc.) Perguntas e negativas: Ns usamos o auxiliar do para formar negativas e questes: does para a terceira pessoa do singular (ele, ela, ele ou ela neutro) e do para as outras pessoas, apenas no Presente Simples. O auxiliar muda de acordo com o tempo verbal (did no Passado, will no Futuro, etc.) I (Eu) You (Voc/Tu/Vocs/Vs) We (Ns) They (Eles/Elas/Eles ou Elas neutro) He (Ele) She (Ela) It (Ele/Ela neutro)

like (gosto, gosta, etc.) dont like (no gosto, etc.) Likes doesnt like

milk. (de leite.)

milk.

Do

Does

I you we they he she it

like

milk?

Yes, I/you/we/they do. No, I/you/we/they dont. Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesnt.

like

milk?

Time adverbials: With the Present Simple we use: always, usually, often, sometimes, never. Advrbios de tempo: com o Presente Simples ns usamos: sempre, usualmente, freqentemente, s vezes, nunca.

E.g.: I always play tennis on Sunday afternoon. Ex.: Eu sempre jogo tnis no domingo tarde. He is never late. Ele nunca est atrasado. He isnt often late. Ele no est frequentemente atrasado. Is he often late? Ele est frequentemente atrasado?

We usually go out with friends on Saturdays. Ns usualmente samos com amigos aos sbados. We sometimes go to the cinema on Sundays. Ns s vezes vamos ao cinema aos domingos.
In a sentence we put them after the subject and before the verb but after the verb be. Em uma sentena ns os pomos aps o sujeito e antes do verbo, mas aps o verbo ser/estar.

There is/there are (H)

Use Uso We use there is/are to say that something is present in a particular place: Ns usamos h para dizer que algo est presente em um lugar especfico: E.g.: There is an old castle in my town. Ex.: H um castelo velho em minha cidade. There isnt a disco in the village. No h uma discoteca na cidadezinha. There are twelve students in my class. H doze estudantes em minha classe. There arent computers in my school. No h computadores em minha escola. Form Forma
There is (Theres) (H) There are (H) There isnt (No h) There arent (No h) Is there (H) Are there (H) an old church. (uma velha igreja.) people in the street. (pessoas na rua.) a disco! (uma discoteca!) a lot of flowers in the park. (muitas flores no parque.) a cinema near here? (um cinema prximo daqui?) a supermarket in town? (um supermercado na cidade?) many people here? (muitas pessoas aqui?) three children in your family? (trs crianas em sua famlia?)

Yes, there is. (Sim, h.) No, there isnt. (No, no h.) Yes, there are. (Sim, h.) No, there arent. (No, no h.)

3
Use Uso

Present Continuous Presente Contnuo

We use the Present Continuous to express: Ns usamos o Present Continuous para expressar: Actions that happen at the moment of the speech. Aes que ocorrem no momento da fala.

E.g.: My mother is watering the plants now. Ex.: Minha me est molhando as plantas agora. Look! Its raining again. Veja! Est chovendo novamente.

Actions that are happening, but arent temporary or momentary. Aes que esto ocorrendo, mas no so temporrias ou momentneas.

E.g.: My brother is a mechanic, but he is working in a pizza restaurant at the moment. Ex.: Meu irmo um mecnico, mas ele est trabalhando em uma pizzaria no momento. As you know, Im fond of languages. Im learning Mandarin at the moment. Como voc sabe, eu sou f de lnguas. Eu estou aprendendo mandarim no momento.
Future plans that have been confirmed. Planos futuros que tenham sido confirmados.

E.g.: The Escobars are having dinner with us tonight. Ex.: Os Escobars vem jantar conosco esta noite. We are leaving before dawn. Ns sairemos antes do amanhecer.
Regular actions that express irritation of the person who speaks. In this case, the verb is followed by the adverb always. Aes habituais que expressam a irritao da pessoa que fala. Neste caso, o verbo acompanhado do advrbio sempre.

E.g.: I hate people who are always bragging about themselves. Ex.: Eu odeio pessoas que esto sempre se gabando.
Because of the ideas expressed by them, the following verbs are not used in the tenses called continuous: know, mean, understand, remember, forget, like, dislike, prefer, hate, love, want, need, have (=possess), belong (to), smell, hear, see. Em funo das idias que expressam, os seguintes verbos no so usados nos tempos chamados contnuos: saber, significar, lembrar, esquecer, gostar, desgostar, preferir, odiar, amar, querer, precisar, ter (=possuir), pertencer (a), cheirar, ouvir, ver.

E.g.: (wrong) I am not remembering your maiden name. Ex.: (errado em ingls) Eu no estou me lembrando do seu nome de solteira. (correct) I dont (cant) remember your maiden name. (correto em ingls) Eu no lembro/posso lembrar o seu nome de solteira.

Form Forma Present Continuous is formed by the verb to be (as an auxiliary) in the Present Simple tense + the gerund ( ing) form of the main verb. O Presente Contnuo formado pelo verbo ser/estar (como um auxiliar) no Presente Simples + o gerndio ( ando/endo/indo) do verbo principal.

E.g.: a) Statements I am typing. Ex.: a) Afirmativas Eu estou digitando. b) Questions Is he throwing a party? b) Perguntas Ele est dando uma festa? c) Negative form Im not dreaming. c) Forma negativa Eu no estou sonhando.
Writing rules to add ing Regras de Ortografia para a terminao ing

In general, we add ing to the infinitive form of the verb with no change in the writing. Em geral, acrescenta-se ando/endo/ingo ao infinitivo do verbo sem mudana ortogrfica.

E.g.: listen/listening Ex.: escutar/escutando

Verbs ending in consonant + e lose the final e and add ing. Verbos terminando em consoante + e perdem o e final e acrescentam ing.

E.g.: live/living

Ex.: morar/morando

One syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant have the final consonant doubled before the adding of ing. Verbos de uma slaba acabados em vogal + consoante tem a consoante final dobrada antes do acrscimo de ing.

E.g.: stop/stopping

Ex.: parar/parando

Two or more syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant have their final consonant doubled only if the stressed syllable is the last one. Verbos de duas ou mais slabas terminado em vogal + consoante tm a ltima consoante dobrada apenas se a slaba tnica/forte for a ltima.

E.g.: begin/beginning

Ex.: comear/comeando

The verbs lie, tie and die change the ie for y before adding ing. Os verbos mentir, amarrar e morrer mudam o ie por y antes do acrscimo do ing.

E.g.: lie/lying Ex.: mentir/mentindo

No change happens with verbs ending in y, being or not a vowel before the final y. Nenhuma mudana ocorre com verbos terminando em y, havendo ou no uma vogal antes do y final.

E.g.: study/studying Ex.: estudar/estudando

4
Use Uso

Simple Past Passado Simples

Simple Past is used: O Passado Simples usado: To talk about actions that happened in a certain moment. Therefore, past time expressions are used, such as: yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, last night, last week, last month, two years ago, in 2001, in the twentieth century. Para falar de aes passadas que ocorreram num momento determinado. Assim, expresses de tempo passado so empregadas, tais como: ontem, ontem de manh, anteontem, a noite passada, semana passada, ms passado, dois anos atrs, em 2001, no sculo vinte.

E.g.: We had lunch at home yesterday. Ex.: Ns almoamos em casa ontem.

To narrate a sequence of facts or actions that happened in the past and in the sequence they happened. Para narrar uma seqncia de fatos ou aes que aconteceram no passado e na seqncia em que ocorreram.

E.g.: I got up at 7, washed my face, got dressed, had breakfast and rushed to the office. Ex.: Eu acordei s 7, lavei meu rosto, me vesti, tomei caf da manh e corri para o escritrio.
To indicate a past action which happened after another past action. Para indicar uma ao passada que ocorreu depois de outra ao passada.

E.g.: After I had watered the plants, it started raining. Ex.: Depois que eu tinha molhado as plantas, comeou a chover.

Form Forma The Past Simple form defines Regular and Irregular Verbs. A forma do Passado Simples define os verbos Regulares e Irregulares.
To find the Past Simple form of a Regular Verb, we only have to add ed to its infinitive form. Para encontrar o passado Simples de um Verbo Regular, ns apenas acrescentamos ed sua forma infinitiva.

E.g.: talk/talked

Ex.: falar/falei

Regular Verbs ending in consonant + y, we change the y for i and add ed. Verbos Regulares terminados em consoante + y, ns trocamos o y por i e acrescentamos ed.

E.g.: study/studied

Ex.: estudar/estudei

Regular Verbs ending in e, we just add d. Verbos Regulares terminados em e, apenas acrescentamos d.

E.g.: dance/danced

Ex.: danar/dancei

Ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, one-syllable and two-syllable (with the stress on the last syllable) Regular Verbs, we double the last consonant before adding ed. Terminando em consoante + vogal + consoante, Verbos Regulares de uma slaba ou duas slabas (com a ltima sendo a tnica/forte), ns dobramos a ltima consoante antes de acrescentar ed.

E.g.: rob/robbed

Ex.: roubar/roubei

Irregular Verbs end differently in each case, so we have to learn their list at the end of this revision. Verbos Irregulares terminam diferentemente em cada caso, ento temos que aprender sua lista ao final desta reviso.

E.g.: say/said

Ex.: dizer/disse

In either case Regular or Irregular Verbs use the auxiliary did + subject + main verb in the infinitive form to make questions in the Simple Past. In other words, it is similar to the Present Simple question form, just changing do for did. Em qualquer caso dos Verbos Regulares ou Irregulares usam o auxiliar did + sujeito + verbo principal na forma infinitiva para fazer perguntas no Passado Simples. Em outras palavras, semelhante ao Presente Simples, apenas mudando o do pelo did.

E.g.: Did you say anything? Ex.: Voc disse alguma coisa?

Do you like your juice? (Present Simple) Simples) Did you like your juice? (Past Simple) Simples)

Voc gosta do seu suco? (Presente Voc gostou do seu suco? (Passado

Like in the Present Simple, just changing do for did, we add not + the main verb in the infinitive form to the auxiliary to have negative sentences. Como no Presente Simples, apenas trocando do pelo did, acrescentamos not + o verbo principal na forma infinitiva ao auxiliar para ter sentenas negativas.

E.g.: I dont play golf.(Present Simple) I didnt play golf.(Past Simple) Ex.: Eu no jogo golfe.(Presente Simples) Eu no joguei golfe (Passado Simples)

5
Use Uso

Past Continuous Passado Contnuo

Past Continuous must be used to: O Passado Contnuo deve ser usado para: Describe an action that was started or was in course at a particular moment in the past. Descrever uma ao que estava iniciada ou em andamento num momento especfico no passado.

E.g.: What were you doing when I called you last night? Ex.: O que voc estava fazendo quando eu lhe telefonei ontem noite?
Describe an activity interrupted by another past action. Descrever uma atividade interrompida por outra ao passada.

E.g.: My father arrived when my mother was cooking. Ex.: Meu pai chegou quando minha me estava cozinhando.
Describe the context in which an action in the past was developed. Descrever o contexto no qual se desenvolveu uma ao no passado.

E.g.: It was getting dark. The prince was walking silently around the hall and he saw the soldiers. Ex.: Estava ficando escuro. O prncipe estava andando silenciosamente em volta do hall quando ele viu os soldados.
Describe actions happening at the simultaneously. Descrever aes em andamento simultneo.

E.g.: My mother was knitting while my father was reading the newspaper. Ex.: Minha me estava tricotando enquanto meu pai estava lendo o jornal.
Talk about a regular action in the past, normally using the adverb always. Falar de uma ao habitual no passado, normalmente com o uso do advrbio sempre.

E.g.: My nephew was always driving me crazy with his games. Ex.: Meu sobrinho estava sempre me enlouquecendo com seus jogos.

Form Forma

The Past Continuous is formed by the verb to be in the Past Simple form, as an auxiliary to the main verb that is in the gerund ( ing) form. It is similar to the Present Continuous, only changing the verb to be from the Present Simple to the Past Simple tense. O Passado Contnuo formado pelo verbo ser/estar no Passado Simples, como um auxiliar do verbo principal que est no gerndio ( ando/endo/indo). semelhante ao Presente Contnuo, apenas trocando o verbo ser/estar do Presente Simples para o Passado Simples.
Statements: Afirmaes:

E.g.: It was drizzling. Ex.: Estava chuviscando.

Questions: Perguntas:

E.g.: Was it raining? Ex.: Estava chovendo?

Negative form: Forma Negativa:

E.g.: They were not setting the table.

Ex.: Eles no estavam pondo a mesa.

6
Use Uso

Present Perfect Presente Perfeito

Present Perfect is used to talk about actions in the past that are important or have connection to the present: O Presente Perfeito usado para falar de aes no passado que tem importncia ou ligao com o presente: Actions that happened recently in the past, in a non-specified moment. Aes que aconteceram recentemente no passado, sem especificar o momento em que elas ocorreram.

E.g.: Ive (I have) found a wallet on the street. (recently) Ex.: Eu achei uma carteira na rua. (recentemente)
With the adverb just to express actions that have happened a short time ago. Com o advrbio apenas para expressar aes que aconteceram h um curto tempo atrs. (agorinha, acabaram de acontecer)

E.g.: Weve just seen your brother. Ex.: Ns vimos seu irmo. (acabamos de ver)
Actions that started in the past and continue in the present. Normally theres an indication of the length of the action, introduced by the preposition for (for ages, for a long time, for months, for three years, etc.) or by the indication of when the action has started, introduced by the preposition since (since I was ten, since last year, etc.). Aes que comearam no passado e continuam no presente. Normalmente h a indicao da durao da ao, introduzida pela preposio por (por anos, por um longo tempo, por meses, por trs anos, etc.) ou da indicao de quando a ao comeou a ser feita, introduzida pela preposio desde (desde que eu tinha dez anos, desde o ano passado, etc.).

E.g.: I have lived in the same house since I was born.

Ex.: Eu tenho vivido na mesma casa desde que eu nasci.

With the adverb already to indicate actions that have happened and with the adverb yet, used in questions to know is that action has already happened or in negative sentences to say that that action has not happened yet. Com o advrbio already (=j) para indicar aes que j aconteceram e com o advrbio yet (=ainda no), usado para dizer que aquela ao ainda no aconteceu.

E.g.: I have brushed my teeth already, but I havent flossed yet. Ex.: Eu j escovei meus dentes, mas eu ainda no passei o fio dental.
With the adverb ever to know if that action has happened once. Com o advrbio ever (=alguma vez) para saber se alguma vez aquela ao j aconteceu.

E.g.: Has she ever lived abroad? Ex.: Ela j morou no exterior?
If the answer is positive, we use already. Se a resposta for afirmativa, usamos already.

E.g.: She has already lived in France.

If the answer is negative, we use never.

Ex.: Ela j morou na Frana.

E.g.: She has never lived abroad.

Ex.: Ela nunca morou no exterior.

Ever is also used with the superlative to indicate that something is the biggest, the
best, the most interesting that anyone has seen, read, done, etc.

Ever tambm usado como superlativo para indicar que algo o maior, o melhor, o
mais interessante que algum j viu, leu, fez, etc.

E.g.: This is certainly the worst movie I have ever seen. Ex.: Este o pior filme que eu j vi.
With the expressions that indicate how many times the action has been repeated. Com expresses que indicam quantas vezes a ao vem sendo repetida.

E.g.: Its the first time Ive eaten raw fish. Ex.: a primeira vez que eu como peixe cru.
With the time expressions that indicate a period not yet finished: today, this week, this morning, this year, etc. Com expresses de tempo que indicam um perodo que ainda no est terminado: hoje, esta semana, esta manh, este ano, etc.

E.g.: I havent read any e-mails this morning.(=It is still morning.) Ex.: Eu ainda no li nenhum e-mail esta manh. (=ainda de manh.)
With the adverbs lately and recently. Com os advrbios ultimamente e recentemente.

E.g.: Has she come here recently? Ex.: Ela veio aqui recentemente?

Form Forma The Present Perfect is formed by the verb have in the Present Simple form (as an auxiliary) + the main verb in the Past Participle form. The Past Participle Form of the Regular Verbs have the same form as their Simple Past, that is, they end in ed

and the Irregular Verbs have each their own forms which are shown at the end of this revision. O Presente Perfeito formado pelo verbo ter no Presente Simples (como um auxiliar) + o verbo principal no Particpio Passado ( ado/ido, etc.). O Particpio Passado dos Verbos Regulares tem a mesma forma que o Passado Simples, isso significa que eles terminam em ed e os Verbos Irregulares tem cada qual sua prpria forma que so mostradas ao final desta reviso.
Statements: (contractions: ve, s) Afirmaes: (contraes)

E.g.: They have (=Theyve) been to Europe twice. Ex.: Eles j estiveram na Europa duas vezes.
Questions: Perguntas:

E.g.: Have they brought the English dictionary? Ex.: Eles trouxeram o dicionrio de ingls?
Negative form: (contractions: havent, hasnt) Forma Negativa: (contraes)

E.g.: They have not (=They havent) done anything to help. Ex.: Eles no fizeram nada para ajudar.

7
Use Uso

Possessive Forms Formas possessivas

Possessive adjectives and pronouns Adjetivos e pronomes possessivos

We use Possessive adjectives in front of nouns: Ns usamos adjetivos possessivos na frente de substantives: E.g.: Our son, Mike, loves football. Ex.: Nosso filho, Mike, ama futebol. My sister, Laura, travels a lot for her work. Minha irm, Laura, viaja muito para o seu trabalho. We use Possessive pronouns without a noun:

Ns usamos pronomes possessivos sem um substantivo: E.g.: The glasses are ours. Ex.: Os culos so nossos. These football match tickets are mine. Estes ingressos do jogo de futebol so meus.
Personal pronoun Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun

I you he she it we you they

my (meu(s)/minha(s)) your (seu(s)/sua(s), teu (s)/tua (s)) his (seu (s)(dele)), sua (s)(dela)) her (seu (s)(dele)), sua (s)(dela)) its (seu (s)(dele)), sua (s)(dela)) neutro our (nosso (a) (s)) your (seu(s)/sua(s)) their (seu (s)(deles)), sua (s)(delas))

mine(meu(s)/minha(s)) yours (seu(s)/sua(s), teu (s)/tua (s)) his (seu (s)(dele)), sua (s)(dela)) hers (seu (s)(dele)), sua (s)(dela)) its (seu (s)(dele)), sua (s)(dela)) neutro ours (nosso (a) (s)) yours (seu(s)/sua(s)) theirs (seu (s)(deles)), sua (s)(delas))

s genitive
s genitivo
We use s after a noun to say that something belongs to the person: Bens book = the book belongs to Ben. Ns usamos s aps um substantivo para dizer que alguma coisa pertence a pessoa: O livro do Bem = o livro pertence ao Bem. We add s to all singular nouns and plural nouns that dont end in s (e.g.: men): Ns adicionamos s a todos os substantivos singulares, nomes prprios e plurais que no terminem em s (ex.: homens): E.g.: Mikes T-shirt Ex.: Camiseta do Mike Charless collection Coleo do Charles the childrens ball A bola das crianas After the s we add an apostrophe for plural nouns that end in s. (e.g.: the boys): Aps o s ns adicionamos um apstrofo a substantivos plurais que terminam em s (ex.: garotos):

E.g.: my parents tickets Ex.: ingressos dos meus pais her brothers bedroom Ex.: quarto do seu (dela) irmo

Countable and uncountable nouns Substantivos contveis e incontveis

English nouns can be countable (a man, a table) and uncountable (milk, money). Substantivos em ingls podem ser contveis (um homem, uma mesa) e incontveis (leite, dinheiro). Countable nouns: Substantivos contveis: Can be singular or plural: (flower flowers) Podem estar no singular ou plural: (flor flores) Can have numbers in front of them: I have two cats. There are six men in the team.

Podem ter nmeros na sua frente: Eu tenho dois gatos. H seis homens no time.

Uncountable nouns: Substantivos incontveis: have no plural form and always appear with a singular verb:

Money isnt everything. no tem forma plural e sempre aparecem com o verbo no singular: Dinheiro no tudo. cannot have numbers: Ive got some/a lot of time. no podem ter nmeros: Eu tenho algum/muito tempo. cannot have a number in front of them: I bought bread and milk. no podem ter um nmero frente deles: Eu comprei po e leite. have words such as: some, any, a little, a lot of in front of them: There is a little water in the fridge. I need some paper. tem palavras tais como: algum, nenhum, um pouco, muito sua (deles)frente: H pouca gua na geladeira. Eu preciso de algum papel.

How much?/How many? Quanto?

For questions about quantity we use How much in front of uncountable nouns and how many in front of plural countable nouns. Para questes de quantidade ns usamos Quanto frente de substantivos incontveis e quanto frente do plural de substantivos contveis.

How much How much de casa? How many How many

sugar do you put I your tea? Quanto acar voc pe no seu ch? time do you need to do homework? Quanto tempo voc precisa pra fazer dever subjects do you study at school? Quantas matrias voc estuda na escola? good friends do you have? Quantos bons amigos voc tem?

Comparatives and Superlatives Comparativos e Superlativos

Use Uso
To compare people or things we use a comparative form of the adjective: taller, bigger, more attractive, less fashionable. Para comparar pessoas ou coisas ns usamos uma forma comparativa do adjetivo: mais alto, maior, mais atraente, menos na moda.

Who is taller, you or your brother? Quem mais alto, voc ou seu irmo?
To say that one person or thing in a group is unique we use the superlative form of the adjective: the tallest, the biggest, the most attractive, the least fashionable. Para dizer que uma pessoa ou coisa em um grupo nica ns usamos a forma superlativa do adjetivo: o mais alto (de todos), o maior (de todos), o mais atraente (de todos), o menos na moda (de todos).

Emma is the cleverest student in our class. Emma a estudante mais esperta na nossa classe.
To compare one or more people/things, we use comparative form + than + noun. Para comparar uma ou mais pessoas/coisas, ns usamos a forma comparativa + do que + substantivo.

My sister is older than me. Minha irm mais velha do que eu. She is taller than him. Ela mais alta do que ele.

Form Forma
Adjective cheap barato old velho nice legal white branco fat gordo sad triste pretty linda trendy moderna attractive atraente comfortable confortvel good bom bad mau Comparative cheaper mais barato older mais velho nicer mais legal whiter mais branco fatter mais gordo sadder mais triste prettier mais linda trendier mais moderna more attractive mais atraente less comfortable menos confortvel better melhor worse pior Superlative the cheapest o mais barato (de todos) the oldest o mai velho (de todos) the nicest o mais legal (de todos) the whitest o mais branco (de todos) the fattest o mais gordo (de todos) the saddest o mais triste (de todos) the prettiest a mais Linda (de todas) the trendiest a mais moderna (de todas) the most attractive o mais atraente the least comfortable o menos atraente the best o melhor the worst o pior

one syllable uma slaba

one syllable ending in e uma slaba terminando em -e

one syllable with a short vowel + one consonant uma slaba com uma vogal curta + uma consoante two syllables ending in y duas slabas terminando em y

two or more syllables duas ou mais slabas

Irregular Irregular

IRREGULAR VERBS

Present be become begin blow break bring build burst buy catch choose come cut deal Present do drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbid forget forgive freeze get Present give go grow have hear hide hold hurt keep know lay lead

Past was, were became began blew broke brought built burst bought caught chose came cut dealt Past did drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forbade forgot forgave froze got Past gave went grew had heard hid held hurt kept knew laid led

Past Participle been become begun blown broken brought built burst bought caught chosen come cut dealt Past Participle done drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen gotten Past Participle given gone grown had heard hidden held hurt kept known laid led

Meaning Ser,estar Transformar-se Comear Soprar, explodir Quebrar Trazer Construir Arrebentar, explodir Comprar Apanhar Escolher Vir Cortar Distribuir, lidar Meaning Fazer Beber Dirigir Comer Cair Alimentar Sentir Lutar Encontrar Voar Proibir Esquecer Desculpar Congelar Obter,ter, pegar Meaning Dar Ir Crescer Ter Ouvir Esconder Segurar, manter Ferir Manter Conhecer Colocar, cobrir Guiar

leave let lie lose make meet pay quit read ride ring rise run say see Present seek sell send shake shine sing sit sleep speak spend spring stand steal swim swing take teach tear tell think throw

left let lay lost made met paid quit read rode rang rose ran said saw Past sought sold sent shook shone sang sat slept spoke spent sprang stood stole swam swung took taught tore told thought threw woke (waked) wore won wrote

left let lain lost made met paid quit read ridden rung risen run said seen Past Participle sought sold sent shaken shone sung sat slept spoken spent sprung stood stolen swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken (waked) worn won written

Sair, deixar Permitir, deixar Mentir Perder Fabricar Encontrar Pagar Terminar, desistir Ler Montar, cavalgar Telefonar, tocar Erguer, levanter(se) Corer Dizer Ver Meaning Buscar Vender Enviar Sacodir Brilhar Cantar Sentar, assentar Dormir Falar Gastar Saltar, brotar (lquido) Estar de p, pr Roubar Nadar Balanar Tomar, pegar Ensinar Rasgar Contra Pensar Atirar, jogar Entender Acordar Usar (vestimenta) Vencer Escrever

understand understood wake wear win write

Practice
1. Complete the sentences using the Present Simple with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Complete as sentenas usando o Presente Simples com a forma correta dos verbos em parntesis. 0. She is (be) very nice. 1. Joe .(not like) jazz. 2. My teachers (think) Im very lazy. 3. We ..(not use) a computer every day. 4. They . (visit) me on Saturdays. 5. I .(love) painting. 6. My best friend ..(play) football. 7. You .(take) great photos of animals. 8. My teacher . (not answer) all my questions. 9. They .. (be) good friends. 2. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. Ponha as palavras na ordem correta para fazer sentenas. 0. dance/often/I/Tom/with I often dance with Tom 00. you/play/do/the/piano/? .Do you play the piano?. 1. is/late/Anna/usually/lunch/for/. ... 2. often/go/late/how/do/to/you/bed/? ... 3. learn/I/never/Saturdays/English/on/. ... 4. study/your/does/girlfriend/medicine/? ... 5. sometimes/Barbara/to/the/goes/gym/. ... 3. Complete the sentences with the expressions from the box. You can use some expressions more than once. Complete as sentenas com as expresses da caixa. Voc pode usar algumas expresses mais do que uma vez. there is there are there isnt there arent is there are there

0. ..There are about twenty museums in my city.

1. a post office next to your house? No, . 2. . two shops and one bank opposite the school. 3. . one computer in my school. 4. How many people .. in your city? 5. . supermarkets in your town? No, . . 6. . a park near my house. 4. Circle the correct word in each sentence. Circule a palavra correta em cada sentena. 0. Their

/ Theirs son is very lazy.

1. This is not my / mine book. Its your / yours. 2. Our / Ours teachers are very nice. And their / theirs? 3. My parents / parents car is very old. They want to buy a new one. 4. Anna doesnt collect CDs this CD isnt her / hers, its her / hers sisters. 5. Whose guitar is this? Its my / mine! 5. Reading Leitura

Task 1 Tarefa 1 Read the letter below and decide if these statements are true (T) or false (F). Leia a carta abaixo e decida se estas afirmaes so verdadeiras ou falsas.
Dear Ann, Thank you for asking me to come and visit you and your family next month. It is a great idea. I am really interested in visiting new places. I like museums and old churches very much. I also like visiting art galleries there are so many fascinating things to see there. I know there is one in your town. Can we visit it? You say that there isnt a sport centre in your town but is there a swimming pool? I enjoy swimming a lot and I love diving. Is there also a place to eat fish and chips? Fish and chip shops are great! The only problem is that I dont know what to take with me: warm shoes, a jumper, boots? Whats the weather like in your area? In my town it rains a lot and thats why I always carry an umbrella with me. And what about other things? For example, a camera? Please send me a leaflet about your town and a street map. One last question how old is your sister, Gina? I want to bring her a present. Would she like the new Celine Dion CD? See you soon! Josephine

1. Josephine likes going places. 2. Josephine is interested in visiting old churches. 3. There is a big sports center in Anns town. 4. Josephine wants to buy Ann a Celine Dion CD. 5. Josephines hobbies are swimming and diving.

T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

Task 2 Tarefa 2 Read the letter again and answer the question below with Yes or No. Leia a carta novamente e responda as questes abaixo com sim ou no. 1. Does Josephine want to visit Ann next week? 2. Does Josephine know what to take in her trip? 3. Is there an art gallery in Anns town? 4. Does Josephine like fish and chips? 5. Does Josephine want to get a street map of Anns town? 6. Write questions to complete the mini-dialogues. Escreva questes para completar os mini-dilogos. 0. 1. A: ...How many schools are there in your city.? B: There is one. A: ? B: On Sundays? He usually reads or watches television. 2. A:.? B: Good restaurants? No, there arent any in my area. 3. A:.? B: No, it isnt. Its mine!

4.

A:.? B: Romantic? No, he isnt.

5.

A:? B: To the disco? Not very often. But I sometimes go to the cinema.

6.

A:? B: They live in San Francisco.

7.

A:? B: German? No, she doesnt. But she speaks French very well.

7. There is one mistake in each sentence. Find and correct each one of them. H um erro em cada sentena. Encontre e corrija cada um deles. 0. John and Tom arent like football. dont. 1. Do you interested in gymnastics? . 2. This book is not her. Its is Susans. . 3. Does your brother Mark often goes to the disco? . 4. Is a bank near your house? . 5. Ours parents are very active. . 6. My sister Julia study German at university. . 7. I usually am late for school. . 8. Why does she sad? .... 9. There is five computers in my school. . 10. I play basketball with my sister Claire and his two friends. . 8. Complete the text with the verbs in the correct tense Present Simple or Present Continuous. Dear Tony, I (0) .am writing(write) to tell you that our holidays are great! The weather is wonderful. We had a lot of snow yesterday and now it (1) .. (snow) again. It always (2)(snow) here this time of year. Bill doesnt like it because he never (3) .(go) skiing when we are on holiday. He (4) (watch) TV all day. Its 11 p.m. now and Bill (5) .(sleep) in his room. Our parents (6) .... (play) cards with their friends. And how are you? I hope you (7)(enjoy) your visit to Paris, too.

See you soon, Martha 9. Complete the text with the adjective in the correct form comparative or superlative. My brother Tom is (0) .the happiest.(happy) person in his class because everybody likes him. He has three very good friends Lisa, Clarissa and Maya. Lisa studies a lot and she is (1)... (good) student in her class. She is also (2) .. (intelligent) than Clarissa and Maya. Tom likes to talk to her very much. Clarissa is very good-looking. She is (3) ...(pretty) girl at school. Clarissa has (4).. (dark) and (5) .. (long) hair than Lisa and is (6) .... (slim) than Maya. Maya is rather short and plump and everybody thinks she is (7) ... .(attractive) of the three girls. But Tom likes to spend time with her because she is (8) ......(funny) and (9)(nice) than his other friends. 10. Use the cues to write sentences about Dans life. Use the Present Perfect. 0. Dan/visit/many Asian countries. .Dan has visited many Asian countries. 1. He/not see/the new George Lucass film. . 2. He/read/many science fiction books. . 3. Dan/not study/at the University of California. .

4. He/work/for an international company for ten years. . 5. He/earn/a lot of money in his life. . 6. He/move/from England to the USA three times. . 7. Dan/not climb/Mont Blanc yet. . 8. He/meet/the president five times. .

11.Writing (use a different piece of paper to do that) Escrita (use um papel diferente para fazer isso) Task 1 Tarefa 1 Write a short story based on the Odyssey. Choose one of the characters you saw in the story and tell its own Odyssey. Include the following information. Escreva uma estria curta baseada na Odissia. Escolha uma das personagens que voc viu e conta a sua(dela) prpria odissia. Inclua as informaes a seguir. Use Present Simple, Present Perfect and Present Continuous. (150 words 15 lines min.) Use Presente Simples, Presente Perfeito e Presente Contnuo. (mnimo150 palavras 15 linhas) - the places description o lugar onde a estria acontece (descrio) - how it begun como comeou (introduo) - things that happened coisas que aconteceram (ao) - conclusion concluso (finalizao do percurso) Task 2 Tarefa 2 Write a short text about a football match or a concert you saw recently. Express your opinion about the nature of the event and how well it went. Remember to compare it to other representative event that youve seen of the same kind. (100 words 10 lines min.) Escreva um texto curto sobre um jogo de futebol ou um show de musical que voc viu recentemente. Expresse sua opinio sobre a natureza do evento e como ele se desenvolveu. Lembre de compar-lo a outros eventos importantes do mesmo tipo que voc j tenha visto.

QUESTIONS/DOUBTS Questes/dvidas
The space below is for you. Make notes of questions/doubts to discuss in August. O espao abaixo para voc. Faa anotaes de questes/dvidas para discutir em agosto.