Aula 01 Inglês

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA
Aula 01
Prof. Gabriela Knoblauch
Whats up, students? E a,

alunos?
Are the studies going smoothly? Os estudos esto
andando suavemente?
Vejamos o planejamento para a aula de hoje:
Aula 01: Conectivos (Conjunes e Marcadores do discurso).
Advrbios.
Provas: Auditor CGE/MA FGV - 2014
PEB II - Lngua Inglesa - SEE/SP FGV 2013 Parte 1
With loads of enthusiasm, lets start todays topic.

Com muito entusiasmo, vamos comear o tpico de hoje.
ORIENTAO DE ESTUDOS
Turma, preciso orient-los sobre a forma de estudar a aula de hoje. Ambos os tpicos
de gramtica demandam mais decoreba do que compreenso. As listas de conectivos e
advrbios so extensas!
Minha dica de estudo : no tentem decorar de vez. Diluam entre a data de hoje e a
prova. Memorizem um pouquinho por dia. E a dica principal: procure-os no texto.
Grifem todos. Quando eles esto contextualizados, a decoreba se torna mais leve e
eficiente.
Os assuntos de hoje so muitssimo abordados em prova e super fundamentais para a
interpretao do texto.
Ateno aula e reviso constante do tema, ok?
Contedo
1
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br | Prof. Gabriela Knoblauch

Aula 01
CONECTIVOS .............................................................................................................................................. 3
MEMOREX CONECTIVOS ..................................................................................................................... 6
ADVRBIOS............................................................................................................................................... 10
MEMOREX - ADVRBIOS ...................................................................................................................... 11
PROVA 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 13
TRADUO ........................................................................................................................................... 19
PROVA 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 25
TRADUO ........................................................................................................................................... 30
REPORTAGEM .......................................................................................................................................... 41
TRADUO ........................................................................................................................................... 43
VOCABULRIO DA AULA ...................................................................................................................... 45
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Aula 01
CONECTIVOS
Quando falamos em CONECTIVOS, estamos nos referindo s CONJUNES e aos

MARCADORES DE DISCURSO.
Conjunes - Palavras ou grupos de palavras que ligam 2 termos em uma mesma orao
ou que ligam 2 oraes.
Em ingls, as conjunes dividem-se em 3 grupos:
Coordenativas
Subordinativas
Correlativas
Conjunes coordenativas: ligam 2 palavras ou 2 oraes independentes.
So elas:
And
But
mas, porm, entretanto
For
pois, como, desde que, visto que
Nor
nem, tambm no
Or
ou, seno
So
para que, de maneira que
Yet
contudo, porm, mas
Exemplos:
She took a vacation and enjoyed it a lot. Ela tirou frias
e aproveitou muito.
They tried but failed.
Eles tentaram, mas falharam.
Not a house nor a building was left standing.
Nem uma casa nem um prdio foram deixados em p.
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I spent a lot of money so you could have a good education.

Eu gastei muito dinheiro para que voc pudesse ter uma boa educao.
Conjunes subordinativas: ligam uma orao subordinada a uma orao principal.

Vejam alguns exemplos:
After
depois que, logo que
Although
embora, apesar de
As
como, conforme, enquanto
As if
como se
As long as
desde que
Because
porque
Before
antes
Even if
mesmo se
If
se
Since
uma vez que, j que
Unless
a menos que
Until
at que
When
quando
Where
onde
Whenever
sempre que
Wherever
onde quer
While
enquanto, embora, ao passo que
Exemplos:
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Unless they study hard, they will not pass the test.
A menos que eles estudem muito, eles no passaro no teste.
Joana is late, although she left her house very early.
Joana est atrasada, embora tenha sado de casa muito cedo.
Since the employee is intelligent, he will know how to proceed.
Uma vez que o empregado inteligente, ele saber como proceder.
Conjunes correlativas: Conectam partes da sentena de estrutura e importncia

similares. As conjunes correlativas so uma subcategoria das conjunes
coordenadas. Elas so formadas por duas conjunes. Observe:
As... as
como... como
Both... and
ambos... e, tanto quanto
Either... or
ou... ou
Neither... nor
nem... nem
Not... but
no... mas
Not only... but also
no apenas... mas tambm
Whether... or
quer... quer
Exemplos:
Both Maria and Jos went to the party.
Tanto Maria quanto Jos foram festa.
Neither Pedro nor Joo studied enough for the test.
Nem Pedro, nem Joo estudaram o suficiente para a prova.
Whether you like it or not, I will travel tomorrow.
Quer voc goste quer no, eu viajarei amanh.
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Marcadores de discurso - Palavras ou grupos de palavras que ligam frases a frases e

pargrafos a pargrafos.
Para adiantar a vida de todos, afinal, a prova est batendo s portas, disponibilizo uma
lista com os conectivos mais usados.
MEMOREX CONECTIVOS
Adio
again
novamente
also
tambm
and
e
as well as
bem como
besides that
alm disso
further
mais
furthermore alm disso in addition em adio, alm
moreover
alm disso
not only... but also
no apenas... mas tambm
Causa / Motivo
as a result of como resultado de because porque

due to devido a, em virtude de since desde que, j que
Concesso
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after all
afinal de contas although
and yet
at the same time
embora
e ainda
ao mesmo tempo
Concluso
after all
finally
in conclusion
in summary
therefore
to conclude
afinal de contas at last por ltimo

finalmente
em concluso in sum em suma
em resumo
portanto
para concluir to summarize
para resumir
Concordncia
according to (in accordance with)
conforme, de acordo com

Condio / Hiptese
If
supposing that
se
supondo que
unless
whether
a menos que se
Contraste
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Although but
despite even
so
however
in spite of
nevertheless / nonetheless on the
other hand
still
unlike while
embora mas
apesar de
mesmo assim
contudo apesar
de apesar disso
por outro lado
ainda diferente
de enquanto
nfase
Actually
as a matter of fact
especially indeed in
fact in particular
mainly
na realidade
como alis
especialmente de
fato na verdade
em particular
principalmente
Exceo
Otherwise unless
caso contrrio a
menos que
Exemplificando
for example (for instance) such as
por exemplo tais

como
Introduo
first of all in the

first place to begin
with
antes de tudo em
primeiro lugar para
comear
Propsito
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in order to so
that
a fim de que
com a finalidade de, a fim de que
Referncia
concerning considering
regarding to
a respeito de
considerando com
referncia a
Resultado / Consequncia
accordingly as a
result because of
this consequently
for this reason
hence in
view of so
(that)
therefore
this way
thus
de acordo com como

resultado
devido a isso
consequentemente por esta
razo por isso tendo em
vista assim, de maneira que
portanto desta forma,
assim assim
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ADVRBIOS
Conceito: Palavra invarivel que modifica o sentido de um verbo, de um adjetivo, ou de
outro advrbio, exprimindo uma circunstncia.
REFRESH DO PORTUGUS
Ok... mas quem no muito amante da lngua ptria, pode estar se sentindo no mesmo lugar
depois dessa definio. Vamos ento exemplificar:
ADVRBIO MODIFICANDO UM VERBO
Ex: Eles caminharam calmamente at a sala da de aula.
Calmamente, advrbio de modo, modifica o verbo caminhar.
ADVRBIO MODIFICANDO UM ADJETIVO
Ex: Os exerccios eram bastante complexos.
Bastante, advrbio de intensidade, modifica o adjetivo complexos.
ADVRBIO MODIFICANDO OUTRO ADVRBIO
Ex: Ns chegamos muito tarde.
Muito, advrbio de intensidade, modifica o advrbio de tempo tarde.
Deu para lembrar e entender do que trataremos nessa parte da aula?
All right, lets continue...
Tudo certo, vamos continuar...
Vamos ao quadro-resumo dos advrbios que mais aparecem em provas.
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MEMOREX - ADVRBIOS
Afirmao
certainly
indeed
obviously
surely yes
Tempo
certamente
sem
dvida
obviamente
certamente
sim
Dvida
maybe
perhaps
possibly
possivelmente
possivelmente
talvez
Ordem
firstly
secondly
thirdly
primeiramente em
segundo lugar
em
terceiro lugar
after already
always
during
early finally
formerly
immediately last
late
lately later
never next
now
presently
recently
shortly
soon still
then
today tomorrow
when
yesterday
depois
j
sempre durante
cedo finalmente
outrora
imediatamente
ltimo tarde
ultimamente mais
tarde, depois
nunca prximo
agora dentro em
pouco
recentemente em
breve brevemente
ainda ento hoje
amanh quando
ontem
Negao
no, not
no
Intensidade
completely
enough
entirely
equally
exactly
greatly largely little
much
completamente
bastante
inteiramente
igualmente
exatamente
grandemente
grandemente pouco
Modo
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nearly
pretty quite
rather
slightly
sufficiently
throughly
too
utterly
very
muito quase
bastante
completamente
bastante
ligeiramente
suficientemente
completamente
demasiadamente
totalmente muito
Lugar
above
abroad anywhere
around
below
everywhere far
here near
nowhere
there where
em cima no exterior
em qualquer parte ao
redor abaixo em toda
a parte longe aqui
perto em parte
alguma
l
onde
badly
mal
businesswise
em relao a negcio
fast
rapidamente hardly
duramente
moneywise
em relao a dinheiro poorly
deficientemente,
insuficientemente quickly
rapidamente reluctantly
relutantemente slowly
lentamente
steadily
firmemente successfully
com sucesso suddenly
subitamente, de repente
well
bem
Frequncia
daily diariamente monthly mensalmente
yearly anualmente
always
usually, generally, normally
often, frequently, regularly sometimes,
occasionally
hardly ever, rarely, seldom never
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Aula 01
PROVA 1
Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas
Banco de provas
PROVA
CGE/MA
Cargo: Auditor
Ano: 2014
Text 1 Technology:
A Blessing or a Curse During the Audit?
The pace of technology change continues to move at what seems to be nearly the speed
of light and shows no real signs of slowing down. What is considered a new technology
today is old technology tomorrow. In contrast to the speed of change in technology,
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Aula 01
consider the speed of change in the audit world. Unfortunately, audit processes and
approaches have not changed in what seems to be light years.
Many firms jumped on the technology bandwagon over the past several years but
frequently question their return on investment through enhanced efficiency and
improved audit effectiveness. Bill Gates is quoted at stating, The first rule of any
technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will
magnify the efficiency. The second is that automation applied to an inefficient operation
will magnify the inefficiency. Unfortunately, many firms unknowingly followed Mr.
Gates second rule and have applied technology to inefficient processes. The end result
has been minimal improvement in efficiency and effectiveness, at best. While many
firms wanted their technology investment to be a blessing, it just hasnt turned out that
way. The good news is that it is not too late. You can turn the tide and have technology
utilization become a tremendous asset in your audit process.
(adapted from http://www.kscpa.org/writable/files/Anderson
AuditExpress/technologyblessingorcurse.pdf)
26 The title of Text 1 presents a(n):

(A) doubt.
(B) addition.
(C) certainty.
(D) emphasis.
(E) conclusion.
27 The change that the writer refers to in the first paragraph is:
(A) random.
(B) gradual.
(C) subtle.
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(D) slow.
(E) fast.
28 According to the author, technology can be useful to auditing if it is used:

(A) carelessly.
(B) consciously.
(C) negligently.
(D) inattentively.
(E) indiscriminately.
Read text 2 and answer questions 29 to 32:

Text 2
The Challenges Facing Government Auditors
Friday, 26 July, 2013 14:57
Written by Joe Crampton
When it comes to the pressure of successfully identifying, anticipating and dealing with
risks, few auditors shoulder as much burden as those who work with the government.
As the Institute of Internal Auditors' Richard Chambers wrote in his recent blog, these
professionals deal with career-threatening political risks on a daily basis that many
private sector auditors could never comprehend.
Internal auditors play a pivotal role in the relationship between the government and
citizens. It's up to auditors to set the appropriate controls to manage federal programs
and also to provide insight into the effectiveness and the soundness of the government's
inner workings. Put simply, auditors are key to ensuring the public's trust in their
government is well-founded and not abused.
(from http://www.resolvergrc.com/blog/ the-challenges-facing-governmentauditors/)
29 The title of Text 2 implies that government auditors may:

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(A) work on quite easy tasks.

(B) not take unnecessary risks.
(C) meet some difficult issues.
(D) trust their political leaders.
(E) have to change their career.
30 Read the statements below and mark them as true (T) or false (F):
( ) Government auditors work less than other auditors.
( ) The work of government auditors is more demanding.
( ) Private sector auditors feel as much pressure as other auditors.
The statements are, respectively:
(A) F T F
(B) T F T (C) F F
T
(D) T T F
(E) F T T
31 When the author qualifies the role of auditors as pivotal, he means it is:
(A) peripheral.
dangerous.
(C) traditional.
(D) modern.
(E) central.
(B)
32 The phrase that can replace Put simply without change in meaning is:
(A) On the contrary.
(B) In other words.
(C) To begin with.
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(D) As soon as.

(E) In spite of.

Text 3
The Future of Auditing
The past financial crisis that many economies all over the world experienced prompted
a renewed interest in the role and importance of auditing. The future of auditing will
therefore be closely tied to the continuous ripples of effects that the world is still
experiencing due to the financial crisis. However, it is to be expected that this industry
would continue to grow in prevalence in the business world.
Now, more and more companies are realising that the audit and assurance professions
are vital to an organisation. In fact, many companies who, in the past, did not conduct
audits now find the need to do so. They are realising the need to go back to the basic
management principles so they can identify problematic management practices and
rectify them; audit plays a key role in this as only a true and effective audit can conduct
effective fraud detection and risk management procedures within a company. Firms are
thus advised to staff an internal audit department or to outsource audit work to
specialist providers just to meet its auditing requirements.
(fromhttp://www.careersinaudit.com/article/the-future-of-auditing/)
33 According to the text, interest in auditing has increased due to:

(A) management principles.
(B) poor professionalism.
(C) business intelligence.
(D) economic problems.
(E) statistical methods.
34 Read the following sentences:

I.
II.
Auditors have found risk detection too problematic to be conducted.

Many companies are becoming aware of the need for auditing.
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III.
All the firms that never audited do not see the need for it now. IV. Auditing
has turned into a main issue in management practice.
Indicate the sentences which are in line with the points raised in Text 3.
(A) I and II.
(B) I and III.
(C) II and IV.
(D) II and III.
(E) I and IV.
35 When the author states that Firms are thus advised to staff an internal audit
department or to outsource audit work to specialist providers this means this
instruction:
(A) can be harmful.
(B) has to be fulfilled.
(C) will be detrimental.
(D) should be followed.
(E) must be disregarded.
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TRADUO
Text 1 Technology:
Texto 1 Tecnologia:
A Blessing or a Curse During the Audit?
Uma bno ou uma maldio durante a auditoria?
The pace of technology change continues to move at what seems to be nearly the speed
of light and shows no real signs of slowing down. What is considered a new technology
today is old technology tomorrow. In contrast to the speed of change in technology,
consider the speed of change in the audit world. Unfortunately, audit processes and
approaches have not changed in what seems to be light years.
O ritmo da mudana tecnolgica continua a se mover no que parece ser quase a
velocidade da luz e no mostra sinais reais de desacelerao. O que considerado uma
nova tecnologia de hoje tecnologia velha amanh. Em contraste com a velocidade da
mudana na tecnologia, considere a velocidade das mudanas no mundo da auditoria.
Infelizmente, os processos de auditoria e abordagens no mudaram no que parecem ser
anos-luz.
Many firms jumped on the technology bandwagon over the past several years but
frequently question their return on investment through enhanced efficiency and
improved audit effectiveness. Bill Gates is quoted at stating, The first rule of any
technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will
magnify the efficiency. The second is that automation applied to an inefficient operation
will magnify the inefficiency. Unfortunately, many firms unknowingly followed Mr.
Gates second rule and have applied technology to inefficient processes. The end result
has been minimal improvement in efficiency and effectiveness, at best. While many
firms wanted their technology investment to be a blessing, it just hasnt turned out that
way. The good news is that it is not too late. You can turn the tide and have technology
utilization become a tremendous asset in your audit process.
Muitas empresas entraram na onda da tecnologia ao longo dos ltimos anos, mas
frequentemente questionam o retorno do investimento atravs de uma maior eficincia
e aperfeioada eficcia da auditoria. Bill Gates citado a afirmar, "A primeira regra de
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qualquer tecnologia usada em um negcio que a automao aplicada a uma operao

eficiente ir ampliar a eficincia. A segunda que a automao aplicada a uma operao
ineficiente, engrandecer a ineficincia. "Infelizmente, muitas empresas, sem saber,
seguiram a segunda regra do senhor Gates e aplicaram a tecnologia a processos
ineficientes. O resultado final foi a melhoria mnima na eficincia e eficcia, na melhor
das hipteses. Embora muitas empresas quisessem que seu investimento em tecnologia
fosse uma bno, no foi bem assim que aconteceu. A boa notcia que no tarde
demais. Voc pode virar o jogo e tornar a utilizao da tecnologia um tremendo ativo
em seu processo de auditoria.
(adapted from http://www.kscpa.org/writable/files/Anderson
AuditExpress/technologyblessingorcurse.pdf)
26 The title of Text 1 presents a(n): O ttulo do Texto

1 apresenta um (a):
(A) doubt. dvida.
(B) addition. adio.
(C) certainty.
certeza.
(D) emphasis.
nfase.
(E) conclusion.
concluso.
O ttulo uma pergunta. Logo, transmite a ideia de dvida (doubt). Letra A.
27 The change that the writer refers to in the first paragraph is:
A mudana a que o escritor se refere no primeiro pargrafo :
(A) random. aleatria.
(B) gradual. gradual.
(C) subtle. sutil.
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(D) slow. devagar.

(E) fast. rpida.
Se a velocidade da mudana (speed of change) da auditoria (audit) medida em anos-luz (light
years), devemos entender que devagar, lenta (slow).
Para reforar, segue o significado de light years de acordo com o dicionrio MacMillan:
Um longo caminho em tempo, distncia ou qualidade
Letra D.
28 According to the author, technology can be useful to auditing if it is used:

De acordo com o autor, a tecnologia pode ser til para auditoria, se for utilizada:
(A) carelessly. descuidadamente.
(B) consciously. conscientemente.
(C) negligently. negligentemente.
(D) inattentively. distraidamente.
(E) indiscriminately. indiscriminadamente.
Todas as alternativas tm conotao negativa, exceto a letra B. Alm disso, o texto nos informa
que a automao aplicada (applied) a uma operao eficiente (efficient operation) ir ampliar
(magnify) a eficincia (efficiency), mas que o contrrio tambm ocorre. Assim, devemos
entender que tecnologia pode ser til (useful) para auditoria (auditing) se for utilizada (used)
conscientemente (consciously).
Ateno ao sufixo ly que aparece em todas as assertivas. Ele corresponde ao sufixo mente
em Portugus.

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Leia o texto 2 e responda s perguntas 29 a 32:

Text 2
Texto 2
Os desafios enfrentados pelos auditores do governo
Friday, 26 July, 2013 14:57
Written by Joe Crampton
When it comes to the pressure of successfully identifying, anticipating and dealing with
risks, few auditors shoulder as much burden as those who work with the government.
As the Institute of Internal Auditors' Richard Chambers wrote in his recent blog, these
professionals deal with career-threatening political risks on a daily basis that many
private sector auditors could never comprehend.
Quando se trata da presso de identificar com sucesso, antecipar e lidar com os riscos,
poucos auditores tm tanto peso nos ombros quanto os que trabalham com o governo.
Como o Instituto de Auditores Internos Richard Chambers escreveu em seu recente blog,
esses profissionais lidam riscos polticos que ameaam a carreira diariamente que
muitos auditores do setor privado jamais poderiam compreender.
Internal auditors play a pivotal role in the relationship between the government and
citizens. It's up to auditors to set the appropriate controls to manage federal programs
and also to provide insight into the effectiveness and the soundness of the government's
inner workings. Put simply, auditors are key to ensuring the public's trust in their
government is well-founded and not abused.
Os auditores internos desempenham um papel crucial na relao entre o governo e os
cidados. Cabe aos auditores definir os controles apropriados para gerenciar programas
federais e tambm para fornecer informaes sobre a eficcia e a solidez do
funcionamento interno do governo. Simplificando, os auditores so fundamentais para
garantir que a confiana do pblico no seu governo seja bem fundamentada e no
abusada.
(from http://www.resolvergrc.com/blog/ the-challenges-facing-governmentauditors/)
29 The title of Text 2 implies that government auditors may:

O ttulo do Texto 2 sugere que os auditores governamentais podem:
(A) work on quite easy tasks. trabalhar em tarefas
muito fceis.
(B) not take unnecessary risks. no correr riscos
desnecessrios.
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(C) meet some difficult issues.

algumas questes difceis.
encontrar
(D) trust their political leaders. confiar em seus

lderes polticos.
(E) have to change their career. ter que mudar
suas carreiras.
Os desafios enfrentados pelos auditores do governo
Se os auditores do governo (government auditors) esto enfrentando (facing) desafios
(challenges), podemos entender que eles podem encontrar (may meet) algumas (some)
questes difceis (difficult issues). Letra C.
30 Read the statements below and mark them as true (T) or false (F):
Leia as declaraes abaixo e marque-as como verdadeiras (T) ou falsas (F):
( ) Government auditors work less than other auditors.
Os auditores do governo trabalham menos do que outros auditores.
( ) The work of government auditors is more demanding.

O trabalho dos auditores do governo mais exigente.
( ) Private sector auditors feel as much pressure as other auditors. Os auditores do setor
privado sentem tanta presso quanto os outros auditores.
The statements are, respectively:
As declaraes so, respectivamente:
(A)
(B)
FTF
T F T (C) F
FT
(D) T T F
(E) F T T
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Item 1 F. Extrapolao. O autor no compara quais auditores trabalham mais (more) ou menos
(less). Apenas compara a presso e riscos que suportam.
Item 2 V. Tanto que o autor diz que poucos so os auditores que suportam tanto peso nos
ombros (shoulder as much burden) quanto os auditores que trabalham com o governo (auditors
who work with the government). Alm disso, o texto nos informa que eles lidam (deal) com
riscos (risks) diariamente (on a daily basis) que muitos auditores do setor privado (many private
sector auditors) jamais poderiam compreender (could never comprehend). Logo, o trabalho dos
auditores que trabalham com o governo mais exigente (more demanding).
Item 3 F. Contradio. Levando em conta a explicao do item 2, devemos entender que os
auditores do setor privado sentem menos presso do que e no tanta presso quanto (as
much pressure as ) - outros auditores.
31 When the author qualifies the role of auditors as pivotal, he means it is:
Quando o autor qualifica o papel dos auditores como "pivotal", ele quer dizer :
(A) peripheral. perifrico.
(B) dangerous. perigoso.
(C) traditional.
tradicional.
(D) modern. moderno.

(E) central. central.
Vejam como o dicionrio Michaelis define PIVOTAL: fundamental, essencial, central, bsico.
Letra E.
32 The phrase that can replace Put simply without change in meaning is:
A locuo que pode substituir "Put simply" sem mudana de sentido :
(A) On the contrary.
Pelo contrrio.
(B)
In other words.
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Em outras palavras.
(C) To begin with.
Para comear.
(D) As soon as.
Assim que.
(E) In spite of.
Apesar de.
A locuo put simply (simplificando) nos transmite a ideia de explicao e de sntese - o
mesmo sentido que carrega a frase in other words (em outras palavras). Letra B.
PROVA 2
Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas
Banco de provas
PROVA
SEE/SP
Cargo: PEB II Lngua Inglesa
Ano: 2014
Read text I and answer questions 41 to 55:

Text I
Technology for children in the classroom
Attitudes to technology
Many people are afraid of new technology, and, with the increasing presence of the
Internet and computers, the term technophobe has appeared to refer to those of us
who might be wary of these new
25

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05 developments. More recently, the term digital native has been invented to refer to
someone who grows up using technology, and who therefore feels comfortable and
confident with it typically todays children. Their parents, on the other hand, tend to
be digital immigrants, who have come late to the world of technology, if at all.
10 In many cases, teachers are the digital immigrants and our younger students are the
digital natives.
What about you? How confident do you feel about using the Internet and computers?
Although there is a tendency to call computer users either technophobes or
technogeeks (a term for a technology
15 enthusiast), the truth is that most of us probably fall somewhere between the two
extremes.
Technology and young learners
Modern technologies are very powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful
genetic biases we have the preference for
20 visually presented information. Television, movies, videos, and most computer programs
are very visually oriented and therefore attract and maintain the attention of young
children.
The problem with this is that many of the modern technologies are very passive. Because
of this they do not provide children with the
25 quality and quantity of crucial emotional, social, cognitive, or physical experiences they
require when they are young.
On the other hand, there are many positive qualities to modern technologies. The
technologies that benefit young children the greatest are those that are interactive and
allow the child to develop 30 their curiosity, problem solving and independent thinking skills.
Computers allow interaction. Children can control the pace and activity and make things
happen on computers. They can also repeat an activity again and again if they choose.
In practice, computers supplement and do not replace highly valued early childhood
35 activities and materials, such as art, blocks, sand, water, books, exploration with writing
materials, and dramatic play. Research indicates that computers can be used in
developmentally appropriate ways beneficial to children and also can be misused, just
as any tool can. Developmentally appropriate software offers opportunities for
40 collaborative play, learning, and creation. Educators must use professional judgment in
evaluating and using this learning tool appropriately, applying the same criteria they
would to any other learning tool or experience.
Char Soucy (a primary school teacher) mentions: "Reading books,
26

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45 handling real books, learning to take care of books, turning pages, and interacting with
human beings about literature are still vital for learning to read." There are electronic
books, but they are really not the same thing as real books. There must be a balance
between the two. Computers are highly motivating to today's students, who come
50 to school with plenty of visual stimulation from TV, video games, and other technological
sources, but it is not a good idea to go all electronic or to let technology replace what
teachers have done for a long time with learning how to read or write.
(Retrieved and adapted from http://pearsonclassroomlink.com /articles/0711/0711_0102.htm on June 10th, 2014)
41 In relation to the use of technology in the classroom as presented in the text, mark
the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) Children tend to be more at ease with it than adults.
( ) Not all technologies promote student interaction.
( ) Everybody is eager to deal with new technology.
The statements are, respectively,
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, F and T. (C) F, T
and F.
(D) F, T and T.
(E) T, T and F.
42 The label digital natives has been used to define people who
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
can only learn how to use the Internet slowly.

learned how to work with computers at a late stage.
need no instructions on how to use new technology.
have access to technological developments in school.
have been dealing with computers from an early age.
43 When one says that people are afraid (line 2) they mean they are
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(A) scared.
(B) sure.
cool.
(D) bold.
(E) brave.
(C)
44 As regards the authors opinion, analyse the assertions below:

I.
Computers will replace all other materials in the future.
II.
Electronic books are much more effective than paper books.
III.
New technology should be evaluated like any other pedagogical tool.
Choose the correct answer.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Only I is correct.
Only III is correct.
Both I and II are correct.
Both I and III are correct.
All three assertions are correct.
45 The question that is answered by the sentence Modern technologies are very
powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful genetic biases we have (lines
18 and 19) is
(A) How did technology become powerful?
(B) Whose genetic biases are very powerful?
(C) When did technology become powerful?
(D) Who thinks genetic biases are powerful?
(E) Why are modern technologies powerful?
46 The plural of child is children. All the options below offer correct forms except
for
(A) toe toes.
(B) foot feet.
(C) nose noses.
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(D) tooth tooths.

(E) mouth mouths.
47 The opposite of many in Many people are afraid (line

2) is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
some.
little.
most.
less.
few.
48 The term parents in Their parents, on the other hand, tend to be digital
immigrants (lines 8 and 9) corresponds to the childrens
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
aunt and uncle.

brother and sister.
father and mother.
niece and nephew.
relatives and cousins.
49 The answer to the question How confident do you feel about using the Internet and
computers? (lines 12 and 13) will necessarily involve a
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
time.
place.
degree.
greeting.
compliment.
50 The underlined word in using this learning tool (line 41) is a(n)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
verb.
noun.
adverb.
adjective.
preposition.
29

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TRADUO
Read text I and answer questions 41 to 55:
Leia o texto e responda s perguntas 41 a 55:
Text I
Texto I
Tecnologia para as crianas na sala de aula
Atitudes face tecnologia
Many people are afraid of new technology, and, with the increasing presence of the
Internet and computers, the term technophobe has appeared to refer to those of us
who might be wary of these new
05 developments. More recently, the term digital native has been invented to refer to
someone who grows up using technology, and who therefore feels comfortable and
confident with it typically todays children. Their parents, on the other hand, tend to
be digital immigrants, who have come late to the world of technology, if at all.
10 In many cases, teachers are the digital immigrants and our younger students are the
digital natives.
Muitas pessoas tm medo de novas tecnologias, e, com a presena crescente da Internet
e computadores, o termo tecnofbico apareceu para se referir queles de ns que
podem ser desconfiados diante destes novos desenvolvimentos. Mais recentemente, o
termo nativo digital foi inventado para se referir a algum que cresce utilizando a
tecnologia, e que, portanto, se sente confortvel e confiante com ela - tipicamente
crianas de hoje. Seus pais, por outro lado, tendem a ser imigrantes digitais, que
30

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chegaram tarde ao mundo da tecnologia, se que chegaram. Em muitos casos, os

professores so os imigrantes digitais e nossos alunos mais jovens so os nativos digitais.
What about you? How confident do you feel about using the Internet and computers?
Although there is a tendency to call computer users either technophobes or
technogeeks (a term for a technology
15 enthusiast), the truth is that most of us probably fall somewhere between the two
extremes.
E voc? O quo confiante voc se sente sobre o uso da Internet e dos computadores?
Embora haja uma tendncia de chamar os usurios de computador quer de tecnofbicos
ou quer de technogeeks (um termo para um entusiasta da tecnologia), a verdade que
a maioria de ns provavelmente cai em algum lugar entre os dois extremos.
Technology and young learners
Tecnologia e jovens aprendizes
Modern technologies are very powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful
genetic biases we have the preference for
20 visually presented information. Television, movies, videos, and most computer programs
are very visually oriented and therefore attract and maintain the attention of young
children.
As tecnologias modernas so muito poderosas porque elas apostam em uma das
predisposies genticas mais poderosas que temos - a preferncia por informaes
apresentadas visualmente. Televiso, filmes, vdeos, e a maioria dos programas de
computador so muito visualmente orientados e, portanto, atraem e mantm a ateno
das crianas.
The problem with this is that many of the modern technologies are very passive. Because
of this they do not provide children with the
25 quality and quantity of crucial emotional, social, cognitive, or physical experiences they
require when they are young.
O problema com isso que muitas das tecnologias modernas so muito passivas. Por
isso, elas no fornecem s crianas a qualidade e a quantidade fundamental de
experincias emocionais, sociais, cognitivas, ou fsicas de que necessitam quando eles
so jovens.
On the other hand, there are many positive qualities to modern technologies. The
technologies that benefit young children the greatest are those that are interactive and
allow the child to develop 30 their curiosity, problem solving and independent thinking skills.
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Por outro lado, h muitas qualidades positivas nas tecnologias modernas. As tecnologias que
mais beneficiam crianas pequenas so aquelas que so interativas e permitem que a
criana desenvolva
sua curiosidade, e habilidades de resoluo de problemas e de pensamento
independente.
Computers allow interaction. Children can control the pace and activity and make things
happen on computers. They can also repeat an activity again and again if they choose.
In practice, computers supplement and do not replace highly valued early childhood
35 activities and materials, such as art, blocks, sand, water, books, exploration with writing
materials, and dramatic play. Research indicates that computers can be used in
developmentally appropriate ways beneficial to children and also can be misused, just
as any tool can. Developmentally appropriate software offers opportunities for
40 collaborative play, learning, and creation. Educators must use professional judgment in
evaluating and using this learning tool appropriately, applying the same criteria they
would to any other learning tool or experience.
Os computadores permitem interao. As crianas podem controlar o ritmo e atividade
e fazem as coisas acontecerem em computadores. Eles tambm podem repetir uma
atividade de novo e de novo se eles escolherem. Na prtica, os computadores
complementam e no substituem atividades e materiais altamente valorizados da
primeira infncia, tais como arte, blocos, areia, gua, livros, explorao com materiais
de escrita e brincadeiras de encenao. Pesquisa indica que os computadores podem
ser usados de formas adequadas ao desenvolvimento benfico das crianas e tambm
podem ser mal utilizados, assim como qualquer ferramenta. Programas apropriados
para o desenvolvimento oferecem oportunidades de brincadeira, aprendizado e criao
colaborativos. Os educadores devem usar julgamento profissional na avaliao e
utilizao desta ferramenta de aprendizagem de forma adequada, aplicando os mesmos
critrios que iriam usar para qualquer outra ferramenta ou experincia de
aprendizagem.
Char Soucy (a primary school teacher) mentions: "Reading books,
45 handling real books, learning to take care of books, turning pages, and interacting with
human beings about literature are still vital for learning to read." There are electronic
books, but they are really not the same thing as real books. There must be a balance
between the two. Computers are highly motivating to today's students, who come
50 to school with plenty of visual stimulation from TV, video games, and other technological
sources, but it is not a good idea to go all electronic or to let technology replace what
teachers have done for a long time with learning how to read or write.
Char Soucy (uma professora de escola primria) menciona: "Ler livros, manipular livros
de verdade, aprender a cuidar de livros, virar as pginas, e interagir com seres humanos
sobre a literatura ainda so vitais para aprender a ler." H livros eletrnicos, mas eles
no so realmente a mesma coisa que livros reais. Deve haver um equilbrio entre os
dois. Os computadores so altamente motivadores para os estudantes de hoje, que vm
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para a escola com muita estimulao visual de TV, videogames, e outras fontes
tecnolgicas, mas no uma boa ideia tornar tudo eletrnico ou deixar que a tecnologia
substitua o que os professores tm feito por um muito tempo para os alunos
aprenderem a ler ou escrever.
(Retrieved and adapted from http://pearsonclassroomlink.com /articles/0711/0711_0102.htm on June 10th, 2014)
41 In relation to the use of technology in the classroom as presented in the text, mark
the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
Em relao ao uso da tecnologia na sala de aula como apresentado no texto, marque as
declaraes abaixo como verdadeiras (T) ou falsas (F).
( ) Children tend to be more at ease with it than adults.
As crianas tendem a ficar mais vontade com ela do que os adultos.
( ) Not all technologies promote student interaction.
Nem todas as tecnologias promovem a interao entre alunos.
( ) Everybody is eager to deal with new technology.
Todo mundo est ansioso para lidar com nova tecnologia.
The statements are, respectively,
As declaraes so, respectivamente,
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, F and T. (C) F, T
and F.
(D) F, T and T.
(E) T, T and F.
Item 1 V. Crianas so nativos digitais (digital native), ou seja, crescem (grow up) usando
tecnologia. Assim, sentem-se confortveis e confiantes (comfortable and confident) usando
tecnologias. Em outras palavras, tendem a ficar mais vontade (tend to be more at ease) com
ela do que os adultos, que so imigrantes digitais (digital immigrants).
Item 2 V. O autor diz que muitas das tecnologias no fornecem (do not provide) s crianas a
qualidade e a quantidade (quality and quantity) fundamental de experincias emocionais,
sociais, cognitivas, ou fsicas (emotional, social, cognitive, or physical experiences) de que
necessitam (require). Tambm diz que as tecnologias que mais beneficiam crianas pequenas
(that benefit young children the greatest) so aquelas que so interativas (interactive). Mais
adiante, o autor afirma que computadores permitem (allow) interao (interection), mas que
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podem ser bem ou mal usados (misused). Assim, podemos entender que nem todas (not all) as
tecnologias promovem (promote) a interao entre alunos (student interaction).
Item 3 F. Contradio. O texto diz que h muitas pessoas (many people) com medo (afraid)
de novas tecnologias (new technology), tanto que surgiu o termo tecnofbico (technophobe)
para descrever os que podem ser desconfiados (wary) diante de novos desenvolvimentos. Logo,
no todo mundo (everybody) que est ansioso (eager) para usar novas tecnologias.
42 The label digital natives has been used to define people who
O rtulo de "nativos digitais" foi usado para definir pessoas que
(A)
can only learn how to use the Internet slowly.
s conseguem aprender a usar a Internet lentamente.
(B)
learned how to work with computers at a late stage.
aprenderam a trabalhar com computadores em uma fase tardia.
(C)
need no instructions on how to use new technology.
no precisam de instrues sobre como utilizar as novas tecnologias.
(D)
have access to technological developments in school.

desenvolvimentos tecnolgicos na escola.
tm acesso a
(E)
have been dealing with computers from an early age.
tm lidado com computadores desde cedo.
Vamos recordar o conceito de nativos digitais (digital native):

More recently, the term digital native has been invented to refer to someone who grows up using technology
Mais recentemente, o termo nativo digital foi inventado para se referir a algum que cresce utilizando a
tecnologia...
Ou seja: O rtulo (label) refere-se a quem tm lidado (have been dealing) com computadores
desde cedo, desde muito jovens (from an early age). Letra E.
43 When one says that people are afraid (line 2) they mean they are
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Quando se diz que as pessoas "tm medo" (linha 2) que significa que eles so/esto:
(A) scared. com medo.
(B) sure. com certeza.
(C) cool. legais.
(D) bold. ousados.
(E) brave. corajosos.
Vejamos as definies do dicionrio Michaelis:

Afraid: amedrontado, medroso, receoso, apreensivo Scared: assustado, com medo.
Letra A.
44 As regards the authors opinion, analyse the assertions below:

No que diz respeito opinio do autor, analise as afirmaes abaixo:
I.
Computers will replace all other materials in the future.
Os computadores vo substituir todos os outros materiais no futuro.
II.
Electronic books are much more effective than paper books. Livros eletrnicos
so muito mais eficazes do que livros de papel.
III.
New technology should be evaluated like any other pedagogical tool.
Nova tecnologia deve ser avaliada como qualquer outra ferramenta pedaggica.
Choose the correct answer.
Escolha a resposta correta.
(A) Only I is correct.
S a I correta.
(B) Only III is correct.
S a III est correta.
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(C) Both I and II are correct.

I e II esto corretas.
(E)
Both I and III are correct.
I e III esto corretas.
(E) All three assertions are correct.
Todas as trs afirmaes esto corretas.
Item 1 Errada. Contradio. O autor claro ao afirmar que os computadores suplementam
(supplement) - mas no substituem (do not replace) todos os outros materiais (all other
materials).
Item 2 Errada. Contradio. O texto no faz essa afirmao. Apenas diz que deve haver um
equilbrio (balance) entre o uso de tecnologia e de livros reais.
Item 3 Correta. O autor nos diz que os educadores (educators) devem usar julgamento
profissional (professional judgment) na avaliao e utilizao da tecnologia como ferramenta
de aprendizagem (learning tool) - aplicando os mesmos critrios (same criteria) que iriam usar
para qualquer outra ferramenta (tool) ou experincia (experience) de aprendizagem (learning).
Logo, uma nova tecnologia (new technology) deve ser avaliada (should be evaluated) como
qualquer outra (like any other) ferramenta pedaggica (pedagogical tool).
45 The question that is answered by the sentence Modern technologies are very
powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful genetic biases we have (lines
18 and 19) is
A pergunta que respondida pela frase "As tecnologias modernas so muito poderosas
porque elas apostam em uma das predisposies genticas mais poderosas que temos"
(linhas 18 e 19)
(A) How did technology become powerful?
Como a tecnologia se tornou poderosa?
(B) Whose genetic biases are very powerful?
A predisposio gentica de quem muito poderosa?
(C) When did technology become powerful?
Quando a tecnologia se tornou poderosa?
(D) Who thinks genetic biases are powerful?
Quem acha que as predisposies genticas so poderosas?
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(E) Why are modern technologies powerful?

Por que as tecnologias modernas so poderosas?
A questo aborda o uso das question words. Entendam:

How
Como, quanto
Whose
De quem
When
Quando
Who
Quem
Why
Por que
A frase contm a resposta para uma pergunta que se inicia com POR QUE (why), tanto que no
meio da frase aparece a palavra PORQUE (because). Letra E.
46 The plural of child is children. All the options below offer correct forms except
for
O plural de "child" "children". Todas as opes abaixo oferecem formas corretas,
exceto para
(A) toe toes. dedo do p dedos
dos p.
(B) foot feet. p - ps.
(C) nose noses. nariz - narizes.
(D) tooth tooths. dente forma
inexistente.
(E) mouth mouths. boca - bocas.
O plural de tooth teeth. Letra D.
47 The opposite of many in Many people are afraid (line

2) is
O oposto de "many" em "Many people are afraid" (linha 2)
(A)
some. alguns.
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(B)
little.
pouco.
(C)
most. a maioria.
(D)
less. menos.
(E)
few. alguns.
A questo explora o uso dos Quantificadores. Conheam os principais e seus usos:
Para substantivos incontveis
Para substantivos contveis
a bit
um pouco
a few
alguns, algumas
how much
quanto (a)
how many
quantos (as)
little / a little
pouco (a) / um pouco
few
poucos (as)
much / very much
muito (a)
many
muitos (as)
so much
tanto (a)
several
vrios (as)
so many
tantos (as)
too / too much
demasiadamente,
exageradamente
too many
demais, em nmero excessivo
Para substantivos contveis e incontveis

all
todo(s), toda(s)
a lot of / lots of
muito(s), muita(s)
any (interrogativa)
algum (ns), alguma (s)
any (negativa)
nenhum (a)
enough
suficiente (s)
no
nenhum(a)
plenty of
muito(s), muita(s)
some
algum(ns), alguma(s)
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Note que nos referimos ao substantivo contvel PESSOAS (people). Assim, temos que usar um
quantificador com sentido de pouco (contrrio de many) que possa referir-se a esse
substantivo. Letra E.
48 The term parents in Their parents, on the other hand, tend to be digital
immigrants (lines 8 and 9) corresponds to the childrens
O termoparents em Their parents, on the other hand, tend to be digital immigrants
(linhas 8 e 9) corresponde ao _____ das crianas
(A) aunt and uncle. tia e tio.
(B) brother and sister.
irmo e irm.
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(C) father and mother. pai e me.

(D) niece and nephew.
sobrinho.
sobrinha e
(E) relatives and cousins.

parentes e primos.
Cuidado com o falso cognato! Parents (pais) so o pai e a me (father and mother). Relatives
que se refere os demais parentes. Letra C.
49 The answer to the question How confident do you feel about using the Internet and
computers? (lines 12 and 13) Will necessarily involve a
A resposta para a pergunta "O quo confiante voc se sente sobre o uso da Internet e
dos computadores?" (linhas 12 e 13) envolver necessariamente um
(A)
time.
tempo.
(B)
place.
lugar.
(C)
degree.
grau.
(D)
greeting. cumprimento.
(E)
compliment.
elogio.
O dicionrio MacMillan nos ensina que HOW pode ser usado, basicamente, em 2 casos:
Dizer o modo ou maneira
Perguntar ou dizer quantidade, distncia, idade ou grau (degree) Letra C.
50 The underlined word in using this learning tool (line 41) is a(n)
A palavra sublinhada em "using this learning tool" (linha 41) um:
(A)
verb.
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verbo.
(B)
noun. substantivo.
(C)
adverb. advrbio.
(D)
adjective.
adjetivo.
(E)
preposition. preposio.
Pegadinha! No porque a palavra tem ING no final que ela ser um verbo no gerndio.
Learning, na frase, significa aprendizagem, ou seja, trata-se de um substantivo (noun).
Aproveito para citar os principais casos quem o ING aparece no final da palavra, mas no tem
funo de gerndio:
1.
Alguns adjetivos terminam em ING (ex: interesting)
2.
Alguns substantivos terminam em ING (ex: learning)
3.
Quando a palavra com ING o sujeito da frase (ex: Studying English is great! = Estudar
ingls timo!)
4.
Aps uma preposio (ex: Im so sorry for shouting at you yesterday

= Desculpe-me por ter gritado com voc ontem)
Letra B.
REPORTAGEM
Banco de Textos
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Texto retirado do site www.washingtonpost.com

Parte 1
An oil scandal is shaking Brazils democracy to its core

The Washington Post
July 23 2015-07-26
RIO DE JANEIRO -- There are times in Brazils young democracy -- its constitution dates
from 1988 -- when the country seems to be making things up as it goes along.
This is one of them.
What began in 2014 as a police investigation called Operation Car Wash has spiraled
into a horrendously dense drama, in which some of Brazils top politicians and largest
companies have been forced into leading roles under harsh lights.
Since last year, an increasing number of accusations and counteraccusations have been
whirling around state-controlled oil giant Petrobras and some of its top former
executives -- involving oil refineries, rig contracts, political parties, shadowy agents and
middlemen, construction companies and cartels. Not to mention billions of dollars in
payoffs and bribes.
As the scandal climbs higher up the political hierarchy, the more complex it feels and the
more explosive reactions it causes.
In video testimony released last week, a key witness who brokered lucrative Petrobras
contracts for suppliers and has agreed to a states evidence deal said the combative
speaker of the House demanded and received $5 million in overdue bribes. Eduardo
Cunha, the witness testified, got another $5 million for his Brazilian Democratic
Movement Party, known by its Portuguese acronym, PMDB.
Cunha denied the allegations, saying the investigation and its timing were manipulated
by the government. On Friday, he quit the governing coalition, while keeping his
speakers chair.
His party, which called his decision to join the opposition a personal one, didn't leave the
government. It appears to be clinging to an alliance with President Dilma Rousseff's
Workers Party that it no longer believes in, given its plan to field a candidate in the 2018
presidential election.
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A televised address Cunha made that day, with no mention of the accusations, was
greeted in some cities with saucepan bashing and jeers.
TRADUO
An oil scandal is shaking Brazils democracy to its core Um escndalo de petrleo
est sacudindo a democracia do Brasil em seu ncleo
The Washington Post
July 23 2015-07-26
RIO DE JANEIRO -- There are times in Brazils young democracy -- its constitution dates
from 1988 -- when the country seems to be making things up as it goes along. This is one
of them.
43

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RIO DE JANEIRO - H momentos na jovem democracia do Brasil sua Constituio data

de 1988 - quando o pas parece estar inventando coisas conforme caminha. Este um
deles.
What began in 2014 as a police investigation called Operation Car Wash has spiraled
into a horrendously dense drama, in which some of Brazils top politicians and largest
companies have been forced into leading roles under harsh lights.
O que comeou em 2014 como uma investigao policial chamada "Operao Lava Jato"
culminou em um drama terrivelmente denso, em que alguns dos principais polticos e
maiores empresas do Brasil foram forados a papis principais sob duros holofotes.
Since last year, an increasing number of accusations and counteraccusations have been
whirling around state-controlled oil giant Petrobras and some of its top former
executives -- involving oil refineries, rig contracts, political parties, shadowy agents and
middlemen, construction companies and cartels. Not to mention billions of dollars in
payoffs and bribes.
Desde o ano passado, um nmero crescente de acusaes e contraacusaes tem girado
em torno da gigante estatal de petrleo Petrobras e de alguns de seus principais exexecutivos - envolvendo refinarias de petrleo, contratos de plataformas, partidos
polticos, agentes sombrios e intermedirios, empresas de construo e cartis. Sem
mencionar bilhes de dlares em propinas e subornos.
As the scandal climbs higher up the political hierarchy, the more complex it feels and the
more explosive reactions it causes. Conforme o escndalo sobe mais alto na hierarquia
poltica, mais complexo ele parece e reaes mais explosivas ele provoca.
In video testimony released last week, a key witness who brokered lucrative Petrobras
contracts for suppliers and has agreed to a states evidence deal said the combative
speaker of the House demanded and received $5 million in overdue bribes. Eduardo
Cunha, the witness testified, got another $5 million for his Brazilian Democratic
Movement Party, known by its Portuguese acronym, PMDB.
Em depoimento em vdeo divulgado na semana passada, uma testemunha chave que
intermediou lucrativos contratos da Petrobras para fornecedores e que concordou com
a delao premiada, disse que o combativo presidente da Cmara exigiu e recebeu US $
5 milhes em propinas em atraso. Eduardo Cunha, a testemunha afirmou, recebeu
outros US $ 5 milhes para o seu Partido do Movimento Democrtico Brasileiro,
conhecido pela sigla em Portugus, PMDB.
Cunha denied the allegations, saying the investigation and its timing were manipulated
by the government. On Friday, he quit the governing coalition, while keeping his
speakers chair.
44

Aula 01
Cunha negou as acusaes, dizendo que o inqurito e o seu momento foram

manipulados pelo governo. Na sexta-feira, ele deixou a coalizo do governo, mantendo
sua cadeira de presidente.
His party, which called his decision to join the opposition a personal one, didn't leave
the government. It appears to be clinging to an alliance with President Dilma Rousseff's
Workers Party that it no longer believes in, given its plan to field a candidate in the 2018
presidential election.
Seu partido, que chamou a sua deciso de se juntar oposio de uma deciso pessoal,
no deixou o governo. Ele parece estar se agarrando a uma aliana com o Partido dos
Trabalhadores da presidente Dilma Rousseff na qual j no acredita, dado o seu plano
para lanar um candidato na eleio presidencial de 2018.
A televised address Cunha made that day, with no mention of the accusations, was
greeted in some cities with saucepan bashing and jeers.
Um discurso televisionado que Cunha fez naquele dia, sem mencionar as acusaes, foi
recebido em algumas cidades com panelao e vaias.
VOCABULRIO DA AULA
Banco de vocabulrio
accusations
acusaes
acronym
sigla
activity
atividade
afraid
com medo
allegations
alegaes, acusaes
alliance
aliana
approaches
abordagens
45

Aula 01
asset
ativo
audit
auditoria
aunt
tia
automation
automao
balance
equilbrio
beneficial
benfico
blessing
bno
blocks
blocos
bold
ousado
book
livro
brave
corajoso
bribe
suborno
brother
irmo
business
negcio, empresa
career
carreira
chair
cadeira
challenge
desafio
change
mudana
childhood
infncia
children
crianas
citizen
cidado
classroom
sala de aula
collaborative
colaborativo
combative
combativo
compliment
elogio
constitution
Constituio
construction companies
empresas de construo
cool
legal
core
ncleo
counter-accusations
contra-acusaes
country
pas
cousin
primo (a)
creation
criao
criteria
critrios
curse
maldio
daily
diariamente
dangerous
perigoso
46

Aula 01
degree
grau
demanding
exigente
democracy
democracia
dense
denso
development
desenvolvimento
digital immigrants
imigrantes digitais
digital native
nativos digitais
doubt
dvida
dramatic play
encenao
eager
ansioso
early age
muito jovem
educators
educadores
effectiveness
eficcia
efficiency
eficincia
election
eleio
end
final, fim
evidence deal
delao premiada
fast
rpido
father
pai
foot
genetic biases
predisposies genticas
giant
gigante
good news
boas notcias
governing coalition
coalizo do governo
Government auditors
auditores do governo
greeting
cumprimento
hierarchy
hierarquia
highly valued
muito valorizado
horrendously
terrivelmente
human being
ser humano
idea
ideia
improvement
melhoria, aperfeioamento
increasing
crescente
increasing
crescente
inner workings
funcionamento interno
insight
informaes, compreenso clara
interaction
interao
issues
questes, problemas
47

Aula 01
jeer
vaia, zombaria
judgment
julgamento
key
chave
key witness
testemunha chave
label
rtulo
late
tarde, atrasado
late stage
fase tardia
leader
lder
leading role
Papel principal
learner
aprendiz
learning
aprendizado
light years
anos-luz
lucrative
lucrativo
middlemen
intermedirios
mother
me
motivating
motivador
mouth
boca
nephew
sobrinho
niece
sobrinha
no longer
no mais
nose
nariz
number
nmero
oil
petrleo
oil refineries
refinarias de petrleo
oil rig
plataformas de petrleo
old
velho
Operation Car Wash
Operao Lava Jato
overdue
em atraso
pace
ritmo
parents
pai e me
party
Partido poltico
payoff
propina
people
pessoas
peripheral
perifrico
physical
fsico
pivotal
crucial, fundamental
place
lugar
plan
plano
48

Aula 01
play
jogo, brincadeira
police investigation
investigao policial
political parties
partidos polticos
powerful
poderoso
preference
preferncia
pressure
presso
primary school teacher
professor de escola primria
private sector
setor privado
processes
processos
random
aleatria
reaction
reao
relationship
relao, relacionamento
relatives
parentes
research
pesquisa
return
retorno
risk
risco
rule
regra
sand
areia
saucepan bashing
panelao
scandal
escndalo
scared
com medo
shadowy
sombrios
signs
sinais
sister
irm
skill
habilidade
slow
devagar
slowly
lentamente
soundness
solidez
source
fonte
Speaker of the House
presidente da Cmara
speed
velocidade
speed of light
velocidade da luz
state-controlled
estatal
students
alunos
subtle
sutil
supplier
fornecedor
sure
com certeza
task
tarefa
49

Aula 01
technogeeks
entusiasta da tecnologia
technology
tecnologia
technophobe
tecnofbico
tendency
tendncia
thinking
pensamento
time
tempo
timing
momento
today
hoje
toe
dedo do p
tomorrow
amanh
too late
tarde demais
tool
ferramenta
tooth
dente
tremendous
tremendo, enorme, extraordinrio
trust
confiana
truth
verdade
uncle
tio
video testimony
depoimento em vdeo
visually oriented
visualmente orientado
wary
desconfiado, cauteloso
water
gua
way
maneira, forma
well-founded
bem fundamentada
witness
testemunha
Workers Party
Partido dos Trabalhadores
world
mundo
young
jovem
Verbs
to abuse
abusar
to agree
concordar
to allow
permitir
to anticipate
antecipar
to appear
parecer
to apply
aplicar
to attract
atrair
50

Aula 01
to begin
comear
to believe
acreditar
to benefit
beneficiar
to broker
Negociar, intermediar
to call
chamar
to choose
escolher
to climb
escalar, subir
to comprehend
compreender
to deal
lidar
to demand
demandar
to deny
negar
to develop
desenvolver
to enhance
aumentar, elevar, engrandecer
to ensure
garantir
to evaluate
avaliar
to face
enfrentar
to fall
cair
to feel
sentir
to follow
seguir
to force
forar
to greet
saudar, receber
to handle
manipular, manusear
to happen
acontecer
to identify
identificar
to improve
melhorar, aperfeioar
to interact
interagir
to join
juntar-se a
to learn
aprender
J
L
to leave
deixar, sair, partir
to magnify
ampliar, aumentar, engrandecer
to maintain
manter
to manage
gerenciar
to manipulate
manipular
to misuse
mal utilizado
to move
mover-se
51

Aula 01
to provide
prover
to quit
deixar,
abandonar
to quote
citar
to read
ler
to receive
receber
to release
divulgar, liberar
to repeat
repetir
to replace
substituir
to require
requerer, demandar
to set
definir, estabelecer
to shake
sacudir
to show
mostrar
to solve
resolver, solucionar
to supplement
suplementar
to testify
Testemunhar, depor
to threaten
ameaar
to use
usar, utilizar
to want
querer
to work
trabalhar
to write
escrever
T
U
demitir-se,
renunciar,
Phrasal Verbs
to cling to
agarrar-se a
to date from
datar de
to grow up
crescer
to rely on
apostar, apoiar-se
to slow down
desacelerar
52

Aula 01
to spiral into
piorar continuamente
to take care
cuidar
to turn out
desenvolver-se de uma maneira particular, ou ter um

determinado resultado
to whirl around
girar em torno
Expresses Idiomticas
at best
na melhor das hipteses
at ease
vontade
to field a candidate
lanar um candidato
to
jump
bandwagon
on
the
participar de uma ideia ou atividade que de repente se

tornou muito popular
to make things up
inventar
to play a role
desempenhar um papel
to shoulder a burden
carregar peso nos ombros
to turn the page
virar a pgina
to turn the tide
virar o jogo
under harsh lights
duros holofotes, sob intenso escrutnio
See you next class!

Bye!
Gabriela
53

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TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

Whats up, students? E a,

With loads of enthusiasm, lets start todays topic.

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

Quando falamos em CONECTIVOS, estamos nos referindo s CONJUNES e aos

mas, porm, entretanto

pois, como, desde que, visto que

para que, de maneira que

contudo, porm, mas

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

I spent a lot of money so you could have a good education.

Conjunes subordinativas: ligam uma orao subordinada a uma orao principal.

depois que, logo que

como, conforme, enquanto

uma vez que, j que

enquanto, embora, ao passo que

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

Conjunes correlativas: Conectam partes da sentena de estrutura e importncia

ambos... e, tanto quanto

Not only... but also

no apenas... mas tambm

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

Marcadores de discurso - Palavras ou grupos de palavras que ligam frases a frases e

as a result of como resultado de because porque

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

afinal de contas at last por ltimo

conforme, de acordo com

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

for example (for instance) such as

por exemplo tais

first of all in the

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

de acordo com como

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

Vamos ao quadro-resumo dos advrbios que mais aparecem em provas.

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

26 The title of Text 1 presents a(n):

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

28 According to the author, technology can be useful to auditing if it is used:

Read text 2 and answer questions 29 to 32:

29 The title of Text 2 implies that government auditors may:

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

(A) work on quite easy tasks.

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

(D) As soon as.

Read text 3 and answer questions 33 to 35:

33 According to the text, interest in auditing has increased due to:

34 Read the following sentences:

Auditors have found risk detection too problematic to be conducted.

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

qualquer tecnologia usada em um negcio que a automao aplicada a uma operao

26 The title of Text 1 presents a(n): O ttulo do Texto

O ttulo uma pergunta. Logo, transmite a ideia de dvida (doubt). Letra A.

(C) subtle. sutil.

TEORIA E QUESTES OFICIAL DE CHANCELARIA

(D) slow. devagar.

28 According to the author, technology can be useful to auditing if it is used: