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= lim −𝑎𝑒 𝑎 − 1 + 𝑒 𝑎
𝑎→−∞
−𝑎 −1
lim −𝑎𝑒 𝑎 = lim 𝑒 −𝑎 = lim −𝑒 −𝑎 = lim 𝑒 𝑎 = 0
Pela Regra de L’ Hospital temos 𝑎→−∞ 𝑎→−∞ 𝑎→−∞ 𝑎→−∞
0
Portanto න 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = lim −𝑎𝑒 𝑎 − (1 − 𝑒 𝑎 ) = 0 − 1 + 0 = −1
𝑎→−∞
−∞
A integral converge
CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL E INTEGRAL I
2
5
1 EXERCÍCIOS RESOLVIDOS
2. Calcule න 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥−2
1
𝑥−2>0 𝐷𝑓 = (2, +∞), a função 𝑓 𝑥 = tem assíntota vertical em 𝑥 = 2
𝑥−2
5 5 5
1 1 1
න 𝑑𝑥 = lim+ න 𝑑𝑥 = lim න 𝑑𝑥 =
2 𝑥−2 𝑎→2 𝑎 𝑥−2 ℎ→0 2+ℎ 𝑥−2
5 5
= lim න (𝑥 − 2)−1/2 𝑑𝑥 = lim 2 𝑥 − 2 2+ℎ
ℎ→0 ℎ→0
2+ℎ
= lm 2 5 − 2 − 2 2 + ℎ − 2 = 2 3
ℎ→0
5 1
A integral 2 𝑑𝑥 converge e tem área = 2 3
𝑥−2
𝜋/2
𝑎) න 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
1 𝜋 1
Como sec 𝑥 = → sec = 𝜋 →∞
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 cos 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋/2
2 −ℎ −ℎ
න 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = lim න 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = lim(ln(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥)02
ℎ→0 0 ℎ→0
0
𝜋 𝜋
= lim ln(sec − ℎ + tg − ℎ − sec 0 − tg 0 ) = +∞
ℎ→0 2 2 1 0
∞ ∞
A integral diverge
2
𝑑𝑥
𝑏) න 2
𝐷𝑓 = (−∞, 4) ∪ (4, +∞)
−∞ ൫4 − 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 4−𝑥 −1 1
−2
Vamos calcular a integral indefinida න = −න− 4 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − =
൫4 − 𝑥)2 −1 (4 − 𝑥)
𝑢
2
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න 2
= lim න =
−∞ ൫4 − 𝑥) 𝑎→−∞ ൫4 − 𝑥)2
𝑎
2
1 1 1 1
= lim = lim − =
𝑎→−∞ (4 − 𝑥) 𝑎
𝑎→−∞ 2 (4 − 𝑎) 2
2
= lim (ln(𝑥 − 1)1+ℎ
ℎ→𝑜
= lim ln 2 − 1 − ln 1 + ℎ − 1
ℎ→𝑜
+∞ 𝑏
𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 Vamos resolver o limite. Se for finito, será a área sob a curva. Antes
න 𝑑𝑥 = lim න 𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥² 𝑏→+∞ 𝑥² vamos calcular a integral 𝑥 ² 𝑑𝑥 (integração por partes)
1 1
𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ න 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − න 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ⇒ 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 2 → 𝑑𝑢 = , 𝑣 = න 2 = −1/𝑥
𝑥² 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
+∞ 𝑏
𝑏
1 1 𝑥 1−𝑝 𝑏1−𝑝 11−𝑝 𝑏1−𝑝 1
න 𝑝 𝑑𝑥 = lim න 𝑝 𝑑𝑥 = lim = lim − − = lim − − =
𝑥 𝑏→+∞ 𝑥 𝑏→+∞ 1 − 𝑝 𝑏→+∞ 1 − 𝑝 1−𝑝 𝑏→+∞ 1 − 𝑝 1−𝑝
1 1 1
+∞ 1 1
Se 𝑝 > 1, então 1 − 𝑝 < 0 𝑒 𝑏1−𝑝 → 0 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑏 → +∞ 𝑒 𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 é 1 𝑑𝑥 = 0 − 𝑝−1
𝑥𝑝
EXERCÍCIOS
PROPOSTOS
5 5 +∞ +∞
𝑑𝑥 d𝑥 d𝑥
𝑎) න 𝑏) න 𝑐) න e−𝑥 d𝑥 𝑑) න
1 𝑥 −3 1 𝑥 +3 1 0 𝑥−1
2 1 +∞ 2
𝑑𝑥 d𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑒) න 𝑓) න 𝑔) න d𝑥 ℎ) න ln(𝑥 − 1)dx
0 2𝑥 −1 0 2𝑥 + 1 −∞ 1 + 𝑥² 1
+∞ +∞
𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝜋 𝑑𝑥
2) න = 5) න = 𝑙𝑛 (2)
0 𝑥4 + 1 4 1 𝑥 𝑥 +1
1
4
8 𝑑𝑥
3) න 𝑑𝑥 = 4 𝜋 6) න 2
=+∞
0 16 − 𝑥 2 0 𝑥−1
1 1
𝑎)ℒ 1 = , 𝑠 > 0 b)ℒ 𝑒 2𝑡 = ,𝑠 >2
𝑠 𝑠−2