April 16, 2023

1 Calculus of tensor field

A. Scalar field with Scalar argument
f (x) : fϵ = f (x + ϵ)

df f (x + ϵ) − f (x)
= lim (1)
dx ϵ→0 ϵ

 
dfϵ  df  df
= 1=
dϵ ϵ=0 dxϵ ϵ=0 dx

ϵ2

d d df
[f (x) + ϵf ′ (x) + f ′′ (x) + ...]

f (x + ϵ) = = (2)
dϵ dϵ 2! ϵ=0 dx

B. Scalar field with Vector argument


df  f (x + ϵa) − f (x)
= lim
dϵ ϵ=0 ϵ→0 ϵ


df (x + ϵa)  df (3)
= ·a
dϵ 
ϵ=0 dx

= ∇f · a

Figure 1: Caption

1
 Figure 2

x1 e1 + x2 e2

 ∂f

∂x1
 
 
 ∂f 
[∇f ]e11 ,e21 ,e31 =  ∂x2 
 
 
∂f
∂x3
(4)
 ∂ 
∂x1
 
 ∂ 
[∇] =  ∂x2 


 
∂
∂x3

∂f ∂f
A. ∇f = ⊗ ei = e
∂xi ∂xi i (5)

∂f ∂(fi · ei ) ∂fi ∂e
B. ∇f = ⊗ ej = ⊗ ei = e ⊗ ej + fi i ⊗ ej
∂xj ∂xi ∂xj i ∂xj (6)

∂(Aij )
C. ∇A = · ei ⊗ ej ⊗ ek (7)
∂xk

2 Divergence
∂f
A. ∇·f = ei
∂xi (8)

∂fi ∂f1 ∂f2 ∂f3 ∂fi

B. ∇·f = = + + = e ·e
∂xi ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂x3 ∂xk i k (9)

2
 ∂Aij ∂(Aij ei ⊗ ek ) · ej
C. ∇·A= · ei =
∂xi ∂xj
(10)
where ek · ej = δij

3 Evaluate
1. ∇x = I
(11)

∂xi ∂x1
e ⊗ ej =1
∂xj i ∂x1

∂x1
=0 (12)
∂x2

δij ei ⊗ ej

2. ∇·x=3

∂xi ei (13)
· ek
∂xk

∂xi
δik = δik δik
∂xk

(14)
= δii

=3
∂ui ∂ui
3. (∇u + (∇u)T ) = e ⊗ ej + (e ⊗ ej )T
∂xj i ∂xj i

∂ui ∂uj
= ei ⊗ ej + e ⊗ ej (15)
∂xj ∂xi i

∂ui ∂uj
=( + )e ⊗ ej
∂xj ∂xi i