MA

TE
US
CE
LE
ST
INO
DO
NA
SC
IM
EN
TO
21
100
104
79
8M
AT
EU
S
CE
LE
ST
IN
O
DO
NA
SC
IM

INGLÊS
EN
TO
21
10
01
04
79
8M
AT
EU
S
CE
L ES
TI
NO
DO
NA
S CI
ME
N
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
INGLÊS

DO
NO
TI
Nouns 3

ES
Determiners 15
Articles 25

L
CE
Numbers 41
Pronouns 53

S
Adjectives 76

EU
Adverbs 91

AT
Prepositions and Conjunctions 102

8M
More about prepositions 131
Connectors 135

79
Prefix e sufix 138

04
Verb forms - verb to be 146

01
The present 152
The past tenses 165

10
Formas com “used to” 176

21
Simple future tense 178

TO
The perfect tenses 181
The subjunctive and the imperative 191

EN
Infinitive and gerund 200

IM
Passive voice 211 SC
Conditionals 220
NA

Modal verbs 226

Reported speech 237
DO

Phrasal verbs 246

Question tags and tag answers 261
O

Irregular verbs list 267

IN

Tabela de phrasal verbs 269

ST

Text comprehension and extra exercises 278

LE

Verb Tense Review 283

CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
1 04
00
1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

2
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
1

TI
CONTEÚDO PROGRAMÁTICO EEAR
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

ES
1. GRAMÁTICA

L
CE
Artigos: definido e indefinido. NOUNS

S
Substantivos: gênero, plural, contáveis e incontáveis e forma pos-

EU
sessiva. Substantivos Concretos - Concrete Nouns

AT
Adjetivos: posição, formação pelo gerúndio e pelo particípio e grau Os Substantivos Concretos referem-se a objetos e seres que exis-

8M
de comparação. tem fisicamente. É possível experienciar esse grupo de substanti-
Pronomes: pessoal do caso reto e do oblíquo, indefinidos vos através de nossos cinco sentidos: o substantivo concreto pode

79
(pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), relativos, demonstrativos ser visto, tocado, cheirado, ouvido, provado. Exemplos: radio (rá-

04
(pronomes substantivos e adjetivos), possessivos (pronomes dio), spaghetti (espaguete), piano (piano), onions (cebolas), fire

01
substantivos e adjetivos), reflexivos e relativos (fogo), perfume (perfume), sun (sol), clock (relógio de parede ou

10
Pronomes e advérbios interrogativos de mesa), watch (relógio de pulso ou de bolso).

21
Determinantes (Determiners: all, most, no, none, either, neither,
both, etc.) Clocks, watches (relógios), por exemplo, existem fisicamente.

TO
Quantificadores (Quantifiers: a lot, a few, a little, etc.) Podemos vê-los, utilizá-los para saber as horas, quebrá-los, etc. O

EN
Advérbios: formação, tipos e uso. tempo, no entanto, é uma noção abstrata, fora de nosso alcance
Numerais físico. Time (tempo), portanto, não é um substantivo concreto, e

IM
Preposições sim, abstrato.
SC
Conjunções
NA

Verbos: regulares, irregulares e auxiliares. Um substantivo concreto pode ser contável ou incontável, e es-
Tempos verbais: Simple present, Present progressive, Simple past, tar na forma singular ou plural. São dividos em Comuns, Próprios
DO

Past progressive, Future e Perfect tenses. e Coletivos:

Modal verbs
O

Infinitivo e gerúndio Substantivos Comuns - Common Nouns

IN

Modos imperativo e subjuntivo Os Substantivos Comuns designam os seres de uma espécie,

ST

Vozes do verbo: ativa, passiva e reflexiva. de forma genérica: dog (cachorro), cat (gato), girl (garota), man
LE

Phrasal verbs (homem), water (água), flower (flor), table (mesa), etc.
CE

Forma verbal enfática

Question tags e tag answers Substantivos Próprios - Proper Nouns
S

Discurso direto e indireto Os Substantivos Próprios referem-se a um ser em particular ou

EU

Estrutura da oração: período composto (condicionais, relativas, a nomes próprios. São sempre iniciados com letra maiúscula: Ali-
AT

apositivas, etc.). ce, The Danube (O Danúbio), Canada (Canadá), London (Londres),
8M

The Alps (Os Alpes), Mr. Johnson (Sr. Johnson).

2. COMPREENSÃO DE TEXTOS
79

Textos de assuntos técnicos e gerais. Substantivos Coletivos - Collective Nouns

04

Os Substantivos Coletivos indicam um conjunto de pessoas,

1

animais, coisas, alimentos ou seres mitológicos da mesma espécie.

100

Os coletivos, geralmente, dispensam que se mencione o substan-

21

tivo ao qual se referem. Por exemplo, não é preciso dizer: "uma

TO

alcatéia de lobos", basta dizer "uma alcatéia", pois já se sabe que se

EN

trata de um grupo de lobos.

IM

Porém, se o significado do substantivo coletivo não for específico,

SC

deve-se nomear o ser ao qual se quer fazer referência. Por exem-

NA

plo: "a colony of ants" ou "a colony of rats"; "a band of birds" ou "a
band of men".
DO

Substantivos Abstratos - Abstract Nouns

NO

A segunda grande categoria de substantivos são os Abstratos.

Ao contrário dos Concretos, não é possível experenciarmos um
I
ST

substantivo Abstrato com nossos sentidos. Eles se referem a

LE

ideias, sentimentos, estados, qualidades, ações e ou-

CE

tras abstrações de nossas mentes. Por exemplo:

US
TE

3
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
ability (habilidade), anger (raiva), courage (coragem), effort (es- cook - cozinheiro / cozinheira

TI
forço), fear (medo), goodness (bondade), love (amor), movement student - aluno, o estudante / aluna, a estudante

ES
(movimento), nature (natureza), sadness (tristeza), speed (veloci- driver - o motorista / a motorista
dade), trip (viagem), joy (alegria), wisdom (sabedoria). translator - o tradutor / a tradutora

L
CE
guest - o convidado / a convidada
Que cor tem "effort"? Não podemos saber porque não podemos vê-

S
lo. Que textura tem "anger"? Não podemos tocá-la. Que gosto tem 2. Existem, no entanto, substantivos que se referem a pessoas e

EU
"trip" ? Não temos noção, nós não podemos degustá-la. "Wisdom" animais e que apresentam uma forma para o masculino e

AT
faz barulho? Com certeza, não. Tem algum cheiro? Tampouco! uma forma diferente para o feminino:

8M
Analise o quadro abaixo. Apresentamos substantivos abstratos re- 2.1. Gênero com palavras diferentes:

79
lacionando-os com alguns concretos:

04
boy (menino) - girl (menina)

01
Abstract Nouns Concrete Nouns man (homem) - woman (mulher)

10
beauty (beleza) tree (árvore), face (rosto) brother (irmão) - sister (irmã)

21
son (filho) - daughter (filha)
bravery (bravura, cora- fire fighter [bombeiro(a)], soldier uncle (tio) - aunt (tia)

TO
gem) [soldado(a)]
father (pai) - mother (mãe)

EN
groom (noivo) - bride (noiva)
convenience (conveni- computer (computador), credit card
ência) (cartão de crédito) husband (esposo, marido) - wife (esposa, mulher)

IM
nephew (sobrinho) - niece (sobrinha)
SC
happiness (felicidade) car (carro), ice cream (sorvete) king (rei) - queen (rainha)
NA

intelligence (inteligên- student (estudante), researcher lord (lorde) - lady (dama)

cia) [pesquisador(a)] host (anfitrião) - hostess (anfitriã)
DO

bachelor (solteirão) - spinster (solteirona)

success (sucesso) keyboard (teclado), singer [cantor(a)]
monk (monje) - nun (freira)
O

wizard (bruxo) - witch (bruxa)

IN

truth (verdade) polygraph (polígrafo)

dog (cachorro) - bitch (cadela)
ST

horse (cavalo) - mare (égua)

LE

Às vezes defende-se que deve ser evitado, se possível, o uso de bull (touro)/ ox (boi) - cow (vaca)
CE

muitos substantivos abstratos. Embora um texto recheado deles rooster (galo) - hen (galinha)
possa ser extenuantemente longo, e mesmo difícil de ser compre- drake (pato) - duck (pata)
S

endido, os exemplos que citamos mostram que a lista de substan- ram (carneiro) - ewe (ovelha)
EU

tivos abstratos contém muitas palavras que são frequentemente

AT

utilizadas na fala informal, em assuntos do dia-a-dia. Não teria sen- 2.2. Gênero através de Sufixação (terminações diferentes):
8M

tido evitar usá-las, o que seria desvantajoso e improdutivo.

prince (príncipe) - princess (princesa)
79

Gênero dos Substantivos - Gender of Nouns waiter (garçom) - waitress (garçonete)

04

baron (barão) - baroness (baronesa)

1

Há três gêneros de substantivos em Inglês: actor (ator) - actress (atriz)

00

god (deus) - goddess (deusa)

1

Masculino (masculine): boy (menino), man (homem), waiter lion (leão) - lioness (leoa)
21

(garçom), brother (irmão), groom (noivo); grandfather (avô) - grandmother (avó)

TO

executor (executor) - executrix (executora)

EN

Feminino (feminine): girl (menina), woman (mulher), waitress prosecutor (promotor público) - prosecutrix (promotora pú-
(garçonete), sister (irmã), bride (noiva); blica)
IM

hero (herói) - heroine (heroína)

SC

Neutro (neuter): boat (barco), shirt (camisa), person (pessoa), sultan (sultão) - sultana (sultana)
NA

lawyer (advogado ou advogada), shark (tubarão). czar (tzar) - czarina (tzarina)

DO

Divisões do Gênero dos Substantivos 2.3. Gênero através de prefixação: Adiciona-se man ou maid para
1. A maioria dos substantivos que se referem a pessoas e a suas pessoas, he ou she para animais e cock ou hen para aves.
NO

profissões/funções são neutros, isto é, tem a mesma forma para o

masculino e para o feminino. Exemplos: manservant (criado) - maidservant (criada)
I
ST

doctor - médico / médica he-bear (urso) - she-bear (ursa)

LE

lawyer - advogado / advogada cock-pigeon (pombo) - hen-pigeon (pomba)

CE

monarch - o monarca / a monarca

teacher - professor / professora
US
TE

4
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
O complemento das palavras terminadas em -y depende da letra

TI
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES que o anteceder. Caso o -y seja precedido por uma consoante,

ES
suprime-se o -y e acrescenta-se -ies. Se, no entanto, o -y for pre-
cedido por uma vogal, acrescenta-se apenas -s:

L
CE
- O substantivo ship (navio), os nomes de navios e, às vezes, de
carros, podem ser tratados como femininos. Exemplos: Enemy – enemies

S
Lady – ladies

EU
The ship struck a big rock which almost destroyed her. Toy – toys

AT
(O navio bateu numa grande rocha que quase o destruiu). Key – keys

8M
A ship "was nearer and dearer to the sailor than anyone except Palavras terminadas em -o precedido por consoante recebem -es:

79
his mother". What better reason to call his ship "she"? Tomato – tomatoes

04
(Um navio era mais próximo e querido para ele do que qualquer Potato – potatoes

01
pessoa, com a exceção de sua mãe. Que razão melhor do que Hero – heroes

10
essa para chamar seu navio de "ela"?) Echo – echoes

21
Look at his BMW. She is a beauty. No entanto, há algumas que admitem duas formas de plural. Des-

TO
(Olha a BMW dele. Ela é uma belezura.) tacamos:

EN
Mosquito – mosquitos/mosquitoes
- O substantivo moon (lua) é considerado feminino: Volcano – volcanos/volcanoes

IM
The moon and her glorious beams enchanted everyone. Mango – mangos/mangoes
SC
(A lua e seus raios gloriosos encantaram a todos.)
NA

Quando as palavras terminadas em -o forem de origem não-ingle-

Plural of the Nouns sa, ou forem reduzidas (apócopes), ainda que o -o seja precedido
DO

de consoante, adiciona-se apenas o -s:

Regra Geral Cello – cellos Dynamo – dynamos
O

Os plurais em inglês fazem-se, basicamente, da mesma forma que Ghetto – ghettos Kilo – kilos
IN

em português, ou seja, com o acréscimo de -s ao radical original Libretto – librettos Magneto – magnetos
ST

da palavra: Piano – pianos Photo – photos

LE

Solo – solos Soprano – sopranos

CE

Cat – cats Tango – tangos Virtuoso – virtuosos

Dog – dogs Portfolio – portfolios Radio – radios
S

Chair – chairs Studio – studios Bamboo – bamboos

EU

Book – books
AT

Table – tables É comum aprender-se que as palavras terminadas em -f ou -fe for-

8M

mam seu plural acrescentando-se -ves. Entretanto, essa regra não

Casos Especiais é verdadeira. Há um número limitado de palavras que fazem seu
79

Para palavras terminadas em -s, -sh, -ch, -x e -z, fazemos o plural dessa forma. O fato de elas serem palavras muito comuns
04

plural acrescentando-se -es ao radical: nas conversas do dia-a-dia é que faz parecer que tal definição seja
1

a única regra. São elas:

00

Bus – buses Wife – wives Life – lives

1

Bush – bushes Knife – knives Elf – elves

21

Couch – couches Self – selves Shelf – shelves

TO

Box – boxes Sheaf – sheaves Half – halves

EN

Fizz – fizzes Calf – calves Leaf – leaves

Loaf – loaves Thief – thieves
IM

Wolf – wolves
SC

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
NA

Há ainda outros substantivos que têm plural duplo, tanto podendo

fazê-lo com o acréscimo de -s ou com a mudança para -ves:
DO

As palavras terminadas em -ch, nas quais ele tenha som de /k/, Scarf – scarfs/scarves
fazem seu plural com o simples acréscimo de -s: Dwarf – dwarfs/dwarves
NO

Wharf – wharfs/wharves
Monarch – monarchs Hoof – hoofs/hooves
I
ST

Matriarch – matriarchs
LE

Patriarch – patriarchs Alguns, porém, recebem apenas -s para formar o plural:

CE

Stomach – stomachs Belief – beliefs Brief – briefs

Epoch – epochs Chief – chiefs Cliff – cliffs
US
TE

5
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Cuff – cuffs Grief – griefs Commander-in-chief – commanders-in-chief

TI
Proof – proofs Roof – roofs Sister-in-law – sisters-in-law

ES
Safe – safes Strife – strifes Looker-on – lookers-on
Court-martial – courts-martial

L
CE
Algumas palavras que vêm diretamente do latim e do grego fazem
seus plurais seguindo as regras originais: Manservant – menservants

S
Bacterium – bacteria Datum – data Woman-servant – women-servants

EU
Erratum – errata Medium – media

AT
Millennium – millennia Phenomenon – phenomena Quando números forem usados como unidades definidas não

8M
Criterion – criteria Mitosis – mitoses apresentam forma plural. Quando, porém, expressarem quanti-
Analysis – analyses Basis – bases dades indefinidas, têm plural:

79
Nucleus – nuclei Genius – genii

04
Campus – campi Matrix – matrices Two hundred soldiers

01
Index – indices Bureau – bureaux Three million dollars

10
21
Em inglês americano, é possível a formação do plural de determi- Thousands of kilometers
nadas palavras latinas ou gregas, apesar de serem formas ainda co- Millions of people

TO
loquiais, a partir da utilização das regras da própria língua inglesa:

EN
Phenomenons Geniuses Há ainda um grupo de palavras que mantêm sua forma quer no
Campuses Matrixes singular, quer no plural. São exemplos: deer, sheep, series, spe-

IM
Bureaus Stadiums cies, barracks, grouse, fish* etc.
SC
Terminuses Memorandums
NA

* A forma fishes refere-se a espécies de peixes

Há palavras que não seguem regras, formando o que chamamos
DO

de plurais irregulares: Seguem também a regra acima os adjetivos pátrios com termi-
Man – men Woman – women nação -ese, -sh, -ss, -ch (Portuguese, Spanish, Swiss, French
O

Tooth – teeth Foot – feet etc.).

IN

Goose – geese Mouse – mice

ST

Louse – lice Child – children Vale a pena lembrar, também, que os nomes de algumas ciências
LE

Ox – oxen Die – dice são grafados com -s no final, mas não quer dizer que estejam no
CE

Person – people (peoples = povos, nações) plural. Entre elas, destacamos: Mathematics, Physics, Gene-
tics, Politics etc.
S

Os substantivos terminados em man trocam o A pelo E na for-

EU

mação do plural. Há, porém, exceções a esta regra: É importante lembrar que os substantivos incontáveis são sempre
AT

Policewoman – policewomen seguidos de verbos no singular. Palavras como news, furniture,

8M

Fireman – firemen líquidos e pós em geral (milk, coffee, sugar etc.), progress etc.
Englishman – Englishmen são exemplos:
79

Frenchwoman – Frenchwomen
04

The news is good.

1

Roman – Romans As notícias são boas./A notícia é boa

00

Norman – Normans
1

German – Germans The furniture is clean.

21

Walkman – walkmans A mobília está limpa.

TO

Coletivos, por outro lado, designam palavras que ora podem fun-
EN

Para o plural de palavras compostas, temos três regras básicas. Na cionar como formas plurais, ora como singulares. A concordância,
primeira, flexiona-se o substantivo final do composto. Na segun- portanto, depende da situação:
IM

da, em nomes formados pela estrutura substantivo + preposição The cattle are going away.
SC

(+ substantivo), somente o (primeiro) substantivo é pluralizado. A O gado está fugindo/ indo embora.
NA

última regra diz que as palavras man e woman usadas como pre-
fixos recebem plural, assim como o restante do composto: The police are here.
DO

A polícia está aqui.

Godfather – godfathers
NO

Armchair – armchairs The staff are really very ill-prepared!

Toothbrush – toothbrushes A equipe é realmente muito mal preparada.
I
ST

Stepmother – stepmothers
LE

Errand-boy – errand-boys The government is/are trying to solve the problem.

CE

Maidservant – maidservants O governo está tentando resolver o problema.

US
TE

6
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
The audience was/were clearly delighted with the performance. tir do acréscimo do sufixo -ful (que é mais comumente usado na

TI
O público estava claramente encantado com a apresentação. composição de adjetivos). O plural desses nomes é feito através do

ES
acréscimo de -s:
The jury has/have been unable to return a verdict

L
CE
O júri foi incapaz de chegar a uma decisão. Spoonful – spoonfuls
Handful – handfuls

S
The team has trained hard lately. Cupful – cupfuls

EU
O time tem treinado bastante ultimamente.

AT
Por fim, vale comentar que os adjetivos em inglês são invariáveis,

8M
Há algumas palavras que, ao serem pluralizadas, podem ter o sen- portanto, quando tivermos uma construção nominal funcionando
tido alterado: como locução adjetiva (a mais comumente usada é a numeral +

79
substantivo) o substantivo deverá ficar no singular:

04
Custom (costume) – customs (costumes, alfândega)

01
Minute (minuto) – minutes (minutos, ata) They jumped a six-foot wall.

10
Glass (copo, vidro) – glasses (copos, óculos) Eles pularam um muro de 1,5 m.
Spirit (espírito, álcool) – spirits (espíritos, bebidas alcoólicas, es-

21
tado de espírito) I deserve a two-month vacation.

TO
Eu mereço férias de dois meses.

EN
There are some glasses on the table.
Há alguns copos sobre a mesa. Countable (or count) nouns são palavras que podem ser con-

IM
tadas. Eles têm uma forma singular e uma forma plural. Eles geral-
SC
My glasses are on the table. mente se referem a coisas. A maioria dos substantivos contáveis
NA

Meus óculos estão sobre a mesa. torna-se plural ao adicionar um 's' no final da palavra.
Por exemplo:
DO

Thirty minutes are the same as half an hour.

Trinta minutos são o mesmo que meia hora. Singular Plural
O

car cars
IN

The minutes were signed right after the meeting. child children
ST

A ata foi assinada logo depois da reunião. dictionary dictionaries

LE
CE

Há palavras que só existem na forma plural, conhecidas como plu- Uncountable (or non-count) nouns são palavras que não po-
ralia tantum (“apenas plurais”), e, com elas, o verbo também vai dem ser contadas. Portanto, eles têm apenas uma forma singular.
S

para o plural. Alguns exemplos: Eles não têm formas plurais. Essas palavras são consideradas intei-
EU

ras e não partes. Eles geralmente se referem a abstrações (como

AT

Annals (anais) Billiards (bilhar) confiança ou conselho) ou coletivos (como equipment ou lug-
8M

Binoculars (binóculos) Jeans (jeans) gage).

Knickers (calcinha) Clothes (roupas) Por exemplo:
79

Outskirts/surroundings (arredores) Scissors (tesoura)

04

Slacks/pants/trousers (calças) Belongings (per- Singular

1

tences) Money water

00

Advice Information
1

My paints are dirty. News Music

21

Minhas calças estão sujas.

TO

Using Countable & Uncountable Nouns

EN

All his belongings were in a small valise.

Todos os seus pertences estavam em uma pequena valise. Ao usar substantivos contáveis ou incontáveis, preste atenção aos
IM

artigos e adjetivos! Alguns artigos e adjetivos podem ser usados

SC

Se o substantivo pluralizado fizer referência ao nome de um pro- com substantivos contáveis e incontáveis. No entanto, outros po-
NA

grama de televisão, um filme, um estabelecimento comercial etc., dem ser usados apenas com substantivos contáveis ou apenas in-
a concordância do verbo deve ser feita no singular: contáveis. Veja a seguir.
DO

Friends is my favorite soap opera.

NO

Used with Countable Nouns Only

Friends é minha série favorita.
a doctor, a pen, a meal, a class, a
I

a
ST

college
Faces is the name of the new restaurant downtown.
many cups, many books, many
LE

Faces é o nome de um restaurante novo no centro da cidade. many

libraries, many flights
CE

Em receitas, é comum encontrarmos substantivos formados a par-

US
TE

7
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
few questions, few tables, few Subjects/ Abstract
General Food

TI
few apples, few holidays, few coun- Fields (ideias abs-
tries (ideia geral) (comidas)

ES
(áreas) tratas)
a few questions, a few problems,
a few

L
a few issues, a few issues homework food

CE
mathematics advice
equipment flour
economics help

S
luggage meat

EU
Used with Countable & Uncountable Nouns physics fun
clothing rice
ethics recreation

AT
the monkeys, the schools, the furniture cake
civics enjoyment
the countable teachers, the boats, the bana- machinery bread

8M
art information
nas gold ice cream
the cheese, the machinery, the architecture knowledge

79
uncountable luggage, the grass, the know- silver cheese
music news

04
ledge cotton toast
photography patience

01
some tables, some stores, glass pasta
grammar happiness

10
some countable some grapes, some cities, some jewelery spaghetti
chemistry progress
nurses perfume butter

21
history confidence
some time, some news, some soap oil
uncountable commerce courage

TO
bread, some salt, some mail
paper honey
any forks, any socks, any ba- engineering education

EN
any countable throoms, any waiters, any wood soup
politics intelligence
beliefs petrol fish

IM
sociology space
any advice, any soap, any gasoline SC fruit
uncountable transportation, any gold, any psychology energy
homework baggage salt
vocabulary laughter
NA

no magazines, no chocolates, hair tea

no countable archaeology peace
no pilots, no rings, no markers traffic coffee
DO

no trouble, no grass, no sce- poetry pride

uncountable Weather Sports Languages Activities
nery, no money, no furniture
(idomas) (atividades)
O

a lot of animals, a lot of coins, (clima) (esportes)

IN

a lot of countable a lot of immigrants, a lot of

babies
ST

thunder golf English swimming

a lot of help, a lot of aggrava-
Portuguese walking
LE

uncountable tion, a lot of happiness, a lot lightning tennis

of fun snow baseball Hindi driving
CE

lots of computers, lots of buses, Arabic jogging

lots of countable rain basketball
lots of parties, lots of colleges
S

lots of cake, lots of ice cream, sleet soccer Japanese reading

EU

uncountable
lots of energy, lots of laughter ice football Korean writing
enough plates, enough onions,
AT

heat cricket Spanish listening

enough countable enough restaurants, enough
humidity hockey French speaking
8M

worries
enough courage, enough wis- hail rugby Russian cooking
79

uncountable dom, enough spaghetti, enou- wind chess Italian sleeping

gh time
04

light poker Hebrew studying

plenty of houses, plenty of
Chinese working
1

plenty of countable concerts, plenty of guitars, darkness bridge

00

plenty of
1

plenty of oil, plenty of sugar,

21

uncountable plenty of cheese, plenty of

space
TO
EN

A lista a seguir mostra alguns exemplos de substantivos incontáveis,

os mais populares.
IM

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

SC

Countable Nouns É possível contar*

→ one book
NA

Possui forma de singular e two books

plural → The book is old. The books
DO

Pode ser usado com verbo no are old.

singular ou plural
NO

Uncountable Nouns Não é possível ou é difícil de

Possui apenas uma forma contar
I
ST

(singular) → juice juices

Sempre usa verbo no singular → Juice is health
LE

Não é usado com A,AN ou → a coffee two coffee

CE

NUMBERS
US
TE

8
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Uncountable Nouns are

TI
often a) apenas a I. d) apenas a IV.

ES
love, freedom, education, ha- b) apenas a I e a II. e) todas as afirmações.
Ideias abstratas → ppiness, luck, music, beauty, c) apenas a I, a II e III.

L
CE
help...
Feita de pequenas partes ( → sugar, salt, rice, sand, flour, dust, 6. Assinale a alternativa que só apresenta formas de feminino.

S
grãos/pedaços ) grass...

EU
a) actress, baroness, wife d) father, actor, brother

AT
Algumas comidas (cortadas Cheese, bread, chocolate, meat,
→ bacon, ham... b) sister, granddaughter, son e) maid, wife, bull
em pedaços)

8M
c) baby, artist, cousin

79
Líquidos e gases water, milk, tea, oil, rain, air,
→ smoke, fog, blood 7. Assinale a alternativa que traz o par incorreto:

04
01
→ wood,glass, paper, iron, gold, a) brother / sister d) grandson / grandsister
Materiais

10
silver, ice,steel... b) husband / wife e) horse / mare

21
c) father / mother
furniture, advice, News, infor-

TO
mation, luggage, knowledge, 8. Assinale a alternativa em que aparecem somente formas no
money, equipment, jewelry,

EN
BE CAREFULL! (uncountable in → feminino:
transportation, education, elec-
English)

IM
tricity, evidence, experience,
time, traffic, meat, paper, blood, a) mother, sister, wife, bachelor
SC
art, fuel, perfume… b) girl, aunt, Miss, spinster
NA

c) widow, brother-in-law, son-in-law, mother-in-law

d) father, son, uncle, doctor
DO

e) baroness, countess, heir, actress

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
O

9. Dadas as armações de que o feminino de:

IN
ST

1. My brother’s wife is my: I. bachelor é spinster II. uncle é aunt III. Mister é Miss
LE
CE

a) daughter-in-law d) son-in-law Constatamos que está(ao) correta(s):

b) mother-in-law e) brother-in-law
S

c) sister-in-law a) apenas a I. d) apenas a I e a II.

EU

b) apenas a II. e) todas as afirmações.

AT

2. The feminine of “My son is a hero” is: c) apenas a I e a III.

8M

a) My wife is a heroine. c) My sister is a heroes. 10. No feminino, a frase “ The Singer and the dancer had a beautiful
79

b) My daughter is a heroes. d) My daughter is a heroine. baby” ‑ fica:

1 04

3. Mark the noun with the incorrect feminine: a) The singer and the dancer had a beautiful baby.
00

b) The singeress and the dancer had a beautiful baby.

1

a) boy – girl d) king – lady c) The singer and the danceress had a beautiful baby.
21

b) dog – bitch e) son – daughter d) The singeress and the danceress had a beautiful baby-girl.
TO

c) uncle – aunt e) The singeress and the dancer had a beautiful baby-girl-child.
EN

4. Qual destas frases está correta? 11. Uma das alternativas abaixo apresenta somente formas no
IM

masculino. Qual?
SC

a) My father’s mother is my niece.

NA

b) My father’s mother is my aunt a) brother, son, actress d) gentleman, mare, vixen

c) My father’s mother is my grandmother. b) niece, uncle, boy e) bachelor, fox, stewardess
DO

d) My father’s mother is my great-grandmother. c) gentleman, husband, king

NO

5. Dadas as armações de que o feminino de: 12. Put into feminine: “ The actor told his brother not to wait for
him ”.
I
ST

I. actor é actress III. wizard é witch.

LE

II. nephew é niece. IV. monk é monkess. a) The actress told his sister not to wait for her.
CE

b) The actress told his sister not to wait him.

Constatamos que está(ao) correta(s): c) The actor told her sister not to wait for him.
US
TE

9
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
d) The actress told her brother not to wait for her. e) phenomenon – datum – millennium

TI
e) The actress told her sister not to wait for her.

ES
5. In some ______ of the Middle East ______ can have four _____.
13. Coloque no feminino a frase: “ My father takes good care of his

L
CE
sons ”. a) country – men – wife d) countries – men – wives
b) countries – man – wifes e) countrys – men’s – wives

S
a) My mother takes good care of his daughters. c) countries – man’s – wives

EU
b) My mother takes good care of her daughters.

AT
c) My mother takes good care of her sons. 6. Fill in the gaps correctly:

8M
d) My sister takes good care of her daughters.
e) My takes good care of her daughters. Most __________ and __________ are afraid of __________.

79
04
14. O correspondente a “The lady told the nuns that she was hun- a) womans – child – mouses

01
gry ”, no masculino, é: b) women’s – children’s – mousen

10
c) women – children – mice

21
a) The gentleman told the vixen that he was hungry. d) womans – children – micen
b) The gentleman told the friars that she was hungry. e) womens – children – mices

TO
c) The gentleman told the friars that he was hungry.

EN
d) The gentleman told the spinsters that he was hungry. 7. __________ are animals.
e) The gentleman told the monks that she was hungry.

IM
a) sheeps, deers, ox and geese
SC
15. Assinale a alternativa que contém o par correto: b) sheep, deer, oxes and goose
NA

c) sheeps, deers, oxes and geese

a) horse / hen d) uncle / sister d) sheep, deer, oxen and goose
DO

b) nephew / niece e) monk / fox e) sheep, deer, oxen and geese

c) reporter / reporteress
O

8. A única palavra em cujo plural o -y não é substituído por -ies é:

IN
ST

a) lady. b) baby. c) family. d) cowboy. e) fancy.

LE

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
CE

9. Dadas as informações de que o plural de:

S

1. The plural of German is: 1. OX é OXEN.

EU

2. CHIEF é CHIEFS.
AT

a) Germen. d) Germanes. 3. ROOF é ROOVES.

8M

b) Germans. e) German. – Constatamos que está (estão) correta(s):

c) Germany.
79

a) apenas a afirmação nº 1. d) apenas as afirmações nos 1 e 2.

04

2. The correct plural form of the sentence “The sheep steps on the b) apenas a afirmação nº 2. e) todas as afirmações.
1

mouse” is: c) apenas a afirmação nº 3.

100

a) The sheep step on the mouses. 10. Assinale a alternativa em que todas as formas de plural estão
21

b) The sheeps steps on the mouse. corretas:

TO

c) The sheeps step on the mices.

EN

d) The sheeps step on the mouses. a) boxes – echoes – surveys – wives

e) The sheep step on the mice. b) wolfes – handkerchiefs – pianos – selfs
IM

c) men – salesmen – halfs – dice

SC

3. The plural of fox is: d) calfs – pence wharfs – dynamos

NA

e) librarys – houses – stomaches – flies

a) foxen. b) vixen. c) foxes. d) vixens. e) fox.
DO

11. The plural forms are correct in:

4. Mark the alternative which corresponds to the singular of the
NO

words PHENOMENA – DATA – MILLENNIA: a) data – theses – misses – pence

b) goodness – dates – vetos – wives
I
ST

a) phenomeno – date – millennnion c) oxen – thesis – agendas – photos

LE

b) phenomen – date – millen d) pennies – phonetics – women – potatoes

CE

c) phenomenal – data – millenna

d) phenomeni – datus – millennia 12. Which plural form is wrong?
US
TE

10
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
b) chocolate – butter – walnut

TI
a) wife – wives d) dress – dresses c) flour – baking powder – sugar

ES
b) monkey – monkeis e) marketplace – marketplaces d) vanilla – cake tin – ice cream
c) foot – feet

L
CE
13. The plural of “That wise Englishman keeps his gold watch in a

S
safe” is:

EU
AT
a) Those wise Englishmen keep their gold watches in saves.

8M
b) Those wise Englishmen keep his gold watches in a save.
c) Those wise Englishmans keeps their gold watches in a safe.

79
d) Those wises Englishmen keep their golds watches in safes.

04
e) Those wise Englishmen keep their gold watches in safes.

01
10
14. KNIVES is the plural of KNIFE. Which of the words below DOES

21
NOT form its plural in the same way?

TO
a) Wife. b) Life. c) Leaf. d) Chief. e) Half.

EN
15. The word that DOESN'T have an irregular plural form like tooth

IM
– teeth is: SC
NA

a) ox. b) foot. c) cloth. d) goose. e) mouse.

DO

16. Which noun does not have the correct definition? Choose the
INCORRECT answer.
O
IN

a) Car (Countable)
ST

b) Chocolate (Uncountable)
LE

c) Music (Countable)
CE

d) Student (Countable)
S

17. Which noun does not have the correct definition? Choose the
EU

INCORRECT answer.
AT
8M

a) Salt (Countable)
b) Cheese (Uncountable)
79

c) Key (Countable)
04

d) Lion (Countable)
1
00

18. Read the text and answer question

1

Traditional American cake bars

21

Recipe:
TO

100g butter 1tsp. vanilla ½ tsp baking powder

EN

200g sugar ¼ tsp salt 100g chopped walnuts 19. Mark the word that is an uncoutable noun.
2 eggs 100g flour 50g chocolate U
IM

Melt _____ chocolate and butter and mix carefully. a) eyes (l.14).
SC

Add _____ sugar and mix again until smooth. Leave to cool. b) diamonds (l.27).
NA

Add _____ eggs and vanilla and mix. c) thighs (l.28).

Add _____ flour, baking powder, and salt, and mix until well-com- d) daybreak (l.37).
DO

bined. e) slave (l.40).

Stir in the walnuts.
NO

Put the mix in a cake tin and cook for 25min at 175°C. 20. The sequence that shows only countable nouns is
Eat with fruit or ice cream.
I
ST

a) A rice, meat, cherry, tea.

LE

Choose the alternative in which all the words are uncountable. b) sausage, water, potato, cake.
CE

c) electricity, pride, house, bread.

a) salt – cake – egg d) eggplant, pantyhose, truck, wolf.
US
TE

11
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
e) homework, evidence, flour, orange. III. I can´t eat many salt.

TI
21. This question must be answered by looking at the following IV. I found much stones in my house.

ES
sentence from Text 1:
“May I say a few words?” a) Only I is correct.

L
CE
We may keep the sentence grammatically correct by substituting b) Only I and II are correct.
“words” for: c) Only II and IV are correct.

S
d) All the alternatives are correct

EU
a) information; because it’s an uncountable noun, just like

AT
“words”. 26. Some nouns are countable in other languages but uncounta-

8M
b) informations; because it’s a countable noun in the plural, just ble in English. Choose the alternative that presents only uncounta-
like “words”. ble nouns in English:

79
c) things; because it’s a countable noun in the plural, just like

04
“words”. a) coffee; job; baggage; advice; paper; noise; experience.

01
d) thing; because it’s a countable noun in the singular, just like b) juice; weather; view; suggestion; work; permission.

10
“words”. c) rice; sand; bowl; music; beach; blood.

21
e) stuffs; because it’s an uncountable noun in the plural, just d) bread; information; feedback; news; money; furniture.
like “words”. e) water; electricity; accident; song; air; luck.

TO
EN
22. Among the words listed below, the only one which forms the 27. An example of a well-formed sentence with an uncountable
plural by adding an “s” is noun is:

IM
SC
a) information. a) Bad news never makes people happy.
NA

b) employee. b) I frequently give my students many advices about adequate

c) furniture. study habits.
DO

d) knowledge. c) He seems to be in a very good health now.

e) wisdom. d) The informations I received were completely incorrect.
O

e) I gave students papers so they could copy the lesson I was

IN

23. Read the following sentence taken from the text. dictating
ST

"Even outside the zone, many businesses and schools have suspen-
LE

ded activities and sporting events have been canceled." 28. Which noun does not have the correct definition? Choose the
CE

INCORRECT answer.
All the underlined words are considered Countable nouns. Mark the
S

option in which all the nouns are considered Uncountable. a) Salt (Countable)
EU

b) Cheese (Uncountable)
AT

a) beauty, computer, strawberry, diary c) Key (Countable)

8M

b) money, painting, window. love d) Lion (Countable)

c) electricity, advice, help, oxygen
79

d) cookie, candy, fruit, shop

04

e) knowledge, idea, man, air

GABARITO
GABARITO
1
00

24. Choose the only correct sentence, as far as the word INFORMA-
1

TION is concerned.
21

APRENDIZAGEM
TO

a) I would like some informations to prevent injury to my- 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C

EN

self. 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. E 10. A
b) I need an additional information to aid in completing the
IM

11. C 12. E 13. B 14. C 15. B

task.
SC

c) Could you please give me all the informations that I must APROFUNDAMENTO
NA

follow to complete a task?

1. B 2. E 3. C 4. E 5. D
d) Can you give me some information to prevent damage to
DO

the components? 6. C 7. E 8. D 9. D 10. A

e) Chapter 1 contains a few informations about the features of 11. A 12. B 13. E 14. D 15. C
NO

the motherboard.
16. C 17. A 18. C 19. E 20. D
I
ST

25. Note the countable and uncountable nouns and mark the cor- 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A
LE

rect alternative according to the sentences. 26. D 27. C 28. A

CE

I. In the ocean, there are many living waters.

II. Mr. Smith bought much planks of wood last year.
US
TE

12
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES 3. Choose the best alternative that shows the irregular plural

ES
form:

L
CE
1. Read the text and answer question a) mice, children, goose, woman.
b) mice, children, geese, women.

S
Good day! My name is Sheila. I’m from Melbourne, Australia. c) mouses, kids, goose, women.

EU
My ________ is from Montreal, Canada. We live in Sydney. A lot d) mice, child, geese, woman

AT
of ______ living in Australia come from other _________.

8M
Read the text and answer question
Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks in the text:

79
Traditional American cake bars

04
a) husband – peoples – country

01
b) husband – people – countries Recipe: 100g butter 1tsp. vanilla ½ tsp baking powder

10
c) husbands – persons – country 200g sugar ¼ tsp salt 100g chopped walnuts

21
d) husbands – person – countries 2 eggs 100g flour 50g chocolate U

TO
2. Read the sentences below. Melt _____ chocolate and butter and mix carefully.

EN
Add _____ sugar and mix again until smooth. Leave to cool.
I- Can you give me some information, please? Add _____ eggs and vanilla and mix.

IM
II- Those women are my teachers. Add _____ flour, baking powder, and salt, and mix until well-
SC
III- He doesn't have much money. -combined.
NA

IV- Life is great!

DO

Choose the option which defines the underlined nouns as U Stir in the walnuts. Put the mix in a cake tin and cook for 25min
(uncountable) or C (countable). at 175°C. Eat with fruit or ice cream.
O
IN

a) U - C - U - U d) U - U - U - U 4. Choose the alternative in which all the words are uncoun-

ST

b) C - C - C – C e) C - U - C – C table.
LE

c) C - C - U – U
CE

a) salt – cake – egg

b) chocolate – butter – walnut
S

c) flour – baking powder – sugar

EU

d) vanilla – cake tin – ice cream

AT
8M

Read the text and answer the question.

79

Olympic Sports
104

The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Gre-

00

ece, in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 countries partici-

1

pated in the Games that year. They competed in 43 different

21

events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming, cycling,

TO

fencing, gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting,

EN

and wrestling). In 2004, the Olympic Games took place once

again in Athens. This time athletes from 202 countries com-
IM

peted in 300 events in 28 sports. Only five sports have been in

SC

every Olympic Games.

NA

Fonte: adapted from Thoughts and Notions.

DO

5. The words, in bold type, in the text are

NO

a) verbs c) pronouns
I
ST

b) nouns d) adjectives
LE
CE
US
TE

13
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
Dad: Frog, I like frog. It runs through a maze for some cheese... Believe in sacred

ES
Child: Noooooooo, that’s mouse! Believe that your personal values can never be taken from you
Dad: Oh, mouse. I see. Mouse. I like Mouse. I like how it swims Believe in mad

L
CE
in the ocean... Believe in depressed
Child: No, That’s fish. Believe in suicidal

S
Dad: Oh, I see. Fish. I like fish. I like how it scratches at fleas and Believe that one smile can save a life

EU
bark at the mailman... Believe in magic

AT
Child: No, no, no. Believe in hope

8M
Dad: No? Believe in dreams
Child: You don’t know anything about animals, dady! Believe that the unbelievable happens every day

79
Believe in time

04
(adapted from”the Elephant song”, by Eric Herman) Believe in forever

01
Believe in YOU

10
6. Choose the alternative that presents the plural of the nouns Believe that as long as you believe in yourself – anything is pos-

21
“mouse” and “fish” (lines 4 and 7), in the text, respectively. sible
(Chelsea Varvaro)

TO
a) mice – fish c) mouses – fishs GLOSSARY

EN
b) mice - fishs d) mouses - fishes damned – condenado
holy – divino

IM
7. Which of the alternatives completes the sentence correctly? achievement – conquista
SC
NA

If you need ________about what to remove from your _____ to 8. All words below are nouns, except:
avoid problems at check in, this leaflet is for you.
DO

a) honor (line 7) c) sacred (line 25)

a) some information/luggage b) hope (line 32) d) strength (line 5)
O

b) the informations/luggage
IN

c) information/luggages The US space organization, NASA, developed and built the first
ST

d) an information/luggage space shuttle. The shuttle was the first rocket to fly into space,
LE

e) informations/luggages come back to earth and fly again. The first shuttle to fly in spa-
CE

ce was Columbia. It took off on the 12th April 1981. In January

Believe 1986 the Shuttle Challenger exploded at take-off. Everyone
S

Believe in Love on the shuttle died. This accident slowed down the shuttle pro-
EU

Believe in Faith gramme for the next six years. A new shuttle Endeavor, repla-
AT

Believe in Truth ced Challenger in May 1992.

8M

Believe that no matter ____ happens, you have the power to On 25th April 1990, NASA used the shuttle Discovery to
prevail put the Hubble Space Telescope into space at a a distance of
79

Believe in Strength 512 kilometers from the earth. Hubble travels around the earth
04

Believe in Courage and sends back photos of the stars and planets.
1

Believe in Honor
00

Believe that everyone has the power to be good at heart GLOSSARY

1

Believe in Song NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration

21

Believe in Dance
TO

Believe in Culture 9. The nouns that correspond to the verbs in bold type, in the
EN

Believe that no matter ___ you are or ___ you’re from – everyo- text, are, respectively:
ne is unique
IM

Believe in things you never would a) take off / explorer c) take off / exposure
SC

Believe in doing things you never could b) take-off / explode d) take-off / explosion
NA

Believe in achievement
Believe that if you think you can, you can – but if you think you 10. All words below are countable nouns, except:
DO

can’t, you won’t Believe in the damned

Believe in the degenerate a) mice c) sheep
NO

Believe in corrupted b) news d) children

Believe that evil does exist in many forms, but all can be over-
I
ST

come
LE

Believe in spiritual CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
CE

Believe in holy
US
TE

14
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Uncountable são os substantivos que não podemos contar ou

TI
são difícies de contar, tornando-se necessária uma unidade de
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

ES
medida. Esses substantivos só apresentam a forma singular: music,
art, love, happiness, advice, information, news, furniture,

L
CE
luggage, rice, sugar, butter, water, electricity, gas, money
DETERMINERS etc.

S
EU
São palavras que usamos quando nos referimos a “nouns” como Much, Many e A Lot of (Lots of)

AT
artigos e adjetivos de possessão.

8M
i.e: an, a, the Os três indicam a mesma coisa: uma grande quantidade. No entan-
to, o uso de cada um irá depender justamente do tipo de substanti-

79
Esses são os chamados artigos, tem umas regras básicas de como vo. Much para incontáveis e many para contáveis no plural. A lot

04
usá-los, vamos lá: of (lots of) é usado em ambos os casos.

01
10
The (artigo definido) quando temos certeza do que nos referimos I don't earn much money.
i.e: The capital of France is Paris (A capital da França é Paris)

21
Eu não ganho muito dinheiro.

TO
An or A (artigos indefinidos) quando falamos de algo no geral His company has produced much rice this year.

EN
i.e: I want to buy an umbrella (eu quero comprar um guarda-chuva) A empresa dele produziu muito arroz este ano.

IM
I don't have many clothes.
SC
Não tenho muitas roupas.
IMPORTANTE
IMPORTANTE
NA

Not many people have heard of him.

DO

Usamos “a” quando o “noun” começa com um som conso- Não muitas pessoas ouviram falar dele.
nantal
O

There were a lot of people there.

IN

i.e: a dog, a cat, a box, a fish Havia muitas pessoas lá.

ST
LE

Usamos “an” quando o “noun” começa com um som de volgal There's lots of food.
CE

ou semi-vogal Há muita comida.

S

i.e: an umbrella, an omelette, an apple, an hour (não pronun- Very, Too e So

EU

cia o h), an honour (não pronuncia o h).

AT

São usados para intensificar algo. A diferença é que too dá a im-

8M

Vejam outros determiners: pressão negativa de exagero, mais forte que very, enquanto so
indica uma grande quantidade, porém normalmente positiva.
79

each, every
04

either, neither There is too much traffic in New York.

1

some, any, no Há muito tráfico em Nova Iorque.

00

much, many; more, most

1

little, less, least He wasn't too pleased when I told him about the mistake.
21

few, fewer, fewest Ele não ficou muito satisfeito quando lhe contei sobre o engano.
TO

what, whatever; which, whichever

EN

both, half, all The situation is very serious.

several A situação é muito séria.
IM
SC

Quantifiers We're very, very sorry about what's happened.

NA

Nós lamentamos muito, muito, pelo ocorrido.

São palavras/expressões usadas para indicar e fornecer informações
a respeito da quantidade de algo. Antes de prosseguirmos para os
DO

principais exemplos, é importante lembramos o conceito dos tipos He plays chess so good!
de substantivos: Ele joga xadrez tão bem.
NO

Countable são aqueles substantivos que podemos contar, não Thank you for being so patient.
I
ST

necessitando de nenhuma unidade de medida, permitindo a forma

LE

singular e plural: dog, animal, man, person, bottle, box, coin,

CE

note, cup, plate, fork, table, chair, suitcase, bag etc.

US
TE

15
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Quite e Rather

TI
Obrigado por ser tão paciente.

ES
Little e Few Quite é mais fraco que very e mais forte que a little, e expressa
normalmente uma ideia positiva. Rather, por sua vez, tem signifi-

L
CE
Os quantifiers little e few possuem o mesmo significado: uma cado similar a quite, porém expressa uma ideia negativa ou é usa-
pequena quantidade de uma coisa. A diferença entre os dois é que do com palavras negativas.

S
enquanto little se refere aos substantivos não-contáveis, few se

EU
refere aos contáveis. I'm quite tired but I can certainly walk a little further.

AT
There seems to be little hope of a ceasefire. Estou bem cansado, mas posso certamente caminhar um pouco

8M
Parece haver pouca esperança de um cessar-fogo. mais.

79
There's so little choice. He's quite attractive but not what I'd call gorgeous.

04
Há tão pouca variedade. Ele é bem atraente, mas nada que possa ser chamado de mara-

01
vilhoso.

10
Few things give me more pleasure than a long bath. I've got rather a lot of work to do at the moment.

21
Poucas coisas me dão mais prazer do que um longo banho. Tenho bastante trabalho para fazer no momento.

TO
We got few complaints last year. The train was rather too crowded for a comfortable journey.

EN
Nós recebemos poucas reclamações ano passado. O trem estava um tanto lotado para uma viagem confortável

IM
A Little e A Few Others Determiners
SC
NA

Com a presença do artigo indefinido antes de little e few, ocorre All (of), Most (of), Each, Every, Both (of), Either (of), Neither (of)
mudança na tradução (“algum” e “alguns”, respectivamente), mas
DO

os usos permanecem os mesmos. 1. All (todo, toda, todos, todas, tudo) é usado com substantivos con-
táveis, substantivos incontáveis e preposições:
O

I need to talk to you. Do you have a little time?

IN

Preciso falar com você. Tem algum tempo? All my books are kept on a shelf. (Todos os meus livros são guarda-
ST

dos em uma prateleira.)

LE

I have a little money, we can go out tonight.

CE

Eu tenho algum dinheiro, podemos sair hoje à noite. I spent all my money. (Gastei todo o meu dinheiro.)
S

I had a few good moments with her. Quando all vier seguido de um determinante como the, my, your,
EU

Tive alguns bons momentos com ela. his etc, pode-se usar a expressão all of:
AT
8M

Do you have a few seconds? All of my books are kept on a shelf. (Todos os meus livros são guar-
Você tem alguns segundos? dados em uma prateleira.)
79
04

Enough e Plenty of All of the students passed the final exam. (Todos os alunos passa-
1

ram na prova final.)

00

Enough se refere a algo suficiente, já plenty of equivale a more

1

than enough (“mais do que o suficiente”). Ambos podem ser OBS: Diante de um pronome pessoal, somente a forma all of
21

usados tanto nos casos de substantivos contáveis como nos de in- pode ser utilizada:
TO

contáveis.
EN

All of us are going to stay up until late. (Todos nós vamos ficar
Is there enough cake/Are there enough cakes for everyone? acordados até tarde.)
IM

Há bolo(s) suficiente(s) para todo o mundo?

SC

All of them went to the stadium last Sunday. (Todos eles foram ao
NA

There isn’t enough food. estádio no Domingo passado.)

Não há comida suficiente.
DO

All não pode funcionar como pronome pessoal. Tem de estar

Please, calm down! We have plenty of time to get there. acompanhado de pronomes quando há sujeito (all of us, you all, all
NO

Por favor, acalme-se! Temos tempo mais do que o suficiente para of you etc.) ou de objeto (us all, them all etc.):
chegar lá.
I
ST

We all know what they like. (Todos nós sabemos do que eles gos-
LE

Calm down, children – there are plenty of balloons for everyone. tam.)
CE

Acalmem-se, crianças – há bastantes balões para todos.

You all are invited. (Vocês todos estão convidados.)
US
TE

16
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
para falar sobre duas coisas ou pessoas, acompanha substantivos

TI
2. Most (a maioria de/dos/das, a maior parte de) pode ser usado ou pronomes pessoais no plural e não é usado em sentenças ne-

ES
diante de substantivos precedidos ou não de adjetivos: gativas.

L
CE
Most people prefer the beach to the mountains. (A maioria das Both houses are really in bad condition.
pessoas prefere praia às montanhas.) (Ambas as/ as duas casas estão realmente em péssimas condi-

S
ções.)

EU
Most boys like to play soccer. (A maioria dos meninos gosta de

AT
jogar futebol.) We both know what we want. (Nós dois sabemos o que queremos.)

8M
Most of somente pode ser usado se seguido de um determinante Quando both vier seguido de um possessivo ou pronome pessoal,

79
(the, this, thatetc.) ou um pronome pessoal ou possessivo (us, you, pode-se usar a expressão both of.

04
her, his, them, ours, my etc.)

01
I like both of those pictures. OU I like both those pictures. (Gosto

10
I spent most of my childhood in a small town. desses dois quadros.)

21
(Passei a maior parte da minha infância em uma cidade pequena.)
Paul has two sisters, both of them are married. OU Paul has two

TO
3. Each (cada, cada um, cada uma, cada um dos, cada uma das) e sisters, both are married.

EN
every (todos, todas, cada) são usados com substantivos contáveis
no singular: 5. Neither; neither ... nor (= nenhum(a) [dos dois, duas]; nem

IM
um nem outro, nem ... nem; também não) é usado para falar sobre
SC
Each ring costs a lot of money. (Cada anel custa muito dinheiro.) duas coisas ou pessoas; acompanha substantivos no singular e o
NA

verbo será sempre afirmativo.

Each question is worth 20 points. (Cada pergunta vale 20 pontos.)
DO

A. Do you want to go to the cinema or the theatre? (Você que ir ao

I wake up at seven o'clock every day. (Acordo às sete da manhã cinema ou ao teatro?)
O

todos os dias.) B. Neither. I want to stay at home. (Nenhum dos dois. Quero ficar
IN

em casa.)
ST

Every student has to get on time. (Todos os alunos devem chegar (neither = not the cinema or the theatre.)
LE

no horário.)
CE

Neither Alfred nor Alexander passed the test. (Nem Alfredo nem
- Posição de each: logo depois do sujeito ou no final da sentença. Alexandre passaram no teste.)
S
EU

They each bought an ice cream. OU They bought an ice cream Quando neither for seguido de um possessivo ou de um pronome
AT

each. pessoal, usa-se a expressão neither of:

8M

(Cada um deles comprou um sorvete.)

Neither of them wants to go to college. (Nenhum deles quer ir
79

Quando each vier seguido de um determinante como the, my, para a faculdade.)
04

your, his etc, pode-se usar a expressão each of. Com every isto
1

não ocorre: Neither of Paul's sisters is married. (Nenhuma das irmãs do Paulo
00

é casada.)
1

Each of the monuments we visited was built in the 12th century.

21

(Cada um dos monumentos que visitamos foi construído no século 6. Either; either ... or (= um dos dois; ou ... ou; um ou outro; tam-
TO

12.) bém), é usado para falar sobre duas coisas ou pessoas; acompanha
EN

substantivos no singular e, quando houver verbo na forma negativa,

OBS: Each of é seguido de um substantivo no plural ou pronome, either deve ser usado ao invés de neither.
IM

mas o verbo da frase geralmente permanece no singular: Each

SC

one of the houses was slightly different. O verbo no plural é bem A. Would you like tea or coffee? (Você gostaria de chá ou café?)
NA

mais informal. B. Either. I don't mind. (Qualquer um dos dois. Tanto faz.)
DO

Each of é seguido de um substantivo no plural ou pronome, mas Either you eat your dinner or you go to your room.
o verbo da frase geralmente permanece no singular: Each one of (Ou você come o seu jantar ou vai para o seu quarto.)
NO

the houses was slightly different. O verbo no plural é bem mais in-
formal. Come on Tuesday or Thursday. Either day is OK.
I
ST

(Venha na Terça ou na Quinta. Qualquer um dos dias está bom.)

LE

Os compostos de every são: everything (tudo); everybody/

CE

everyone (todo mundo) e everywhere (todo lugar). Quando either for seguido de possessivo, pronome pessoal ou de-
terminante (the, my, these, her, them etc), usa-se a preposição of:
S

4. Both significa "ambos" / "ambas" ou "os dois" / "as duas", é usado

U
TE

17
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
You can use either of the bathrooms. (Você pode usar qualquer a) little b) few c) a few d) much e) many

TI
um dos banheiros.)

ES
10. There was __________ a lot of traffic today but yesterday was
OBS: Depois de um verbo na forma negativa, o significado de ei- even busier.

L
CE
ther é "também":
a) enough b) many c) a few d) few e) quite

S
If you don't go, I won't go either. (Se você não for, eu também

EU
não vou.) 11. I have a __________ friends.

AT
(NÃO If you don't go, I won't go neither.)

8M
a) ten b) few c) some d) many e) several

79
12. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It requires __________
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

04
years of study.

01
10
1. We’ll have to hurry. We haven’t got __________ time. a) many b) much c) little d) lot of e) any

21
a) many b) few c) a few d) much e) many a 13. Give me __________ tea with __________ sugar.

TO
EN
2. Tom drinks __________ milk. a) many – much d) bit – a lot of
b) some – a lot of e) some – many

IM
a) a lot of b) lots c) few d) many e) a few c) short – many
SC
NA

3. I put __________ salt in the soup. Perhaps, too __________. 14. Do politicians work __________ and earn __________ money?
DO

a) a lot of – many d) a few – much a) little – many d) little – much

b) lots of – many e) few – much b) very – much e) hard – many
O

c) a lot of – much c) much – few

IN
ST

4. __________ people do not like flying.

LE

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
CE

a) Much b) Many c) Many a d) Little e) A little

S

5. Don’t disturb me. I’ve got __________ work to do. 1. Indicate the correct alternative:
EU
AT

a) too many d) a lot I. Could you give me __________ water? I'm so thirsty.
8M

b) too little e) too much II. I have very __________ money. I need more.
c) a few III. Who has __________ friends than John? Nobody I think.
79

IV. Only _____ people came to the party yesterday. It was boring!
04

6. We didn’t have any money but Tom had __________. V. I have __________ time to stay with my family nowadays.
1
00

a) a little b) a few c) many a d) many e) few a) I – less; II – little; III – lesser; IV – a few; V – few
1

b) I – some; II – a little; III – few; IV – little; V – lesser

21

7. He doesn’t speak much English. Only __________ words. c) I – a little; II – little; III – fewer; IV – few; V – less
TO

d) I – little; II – a little; III – less; IV – a few; V – least

EN

a) many a b) much c) a few d) a lot e) little e) I – few; II – less; III – least; IV – little; V – more
IM

8. Complete the sentence below correctly: 2. How __________ shoes are there in the shop windows?
SC
NA

This town isn’t very well-known and there isn’t much to see, so a) much b) many c) few d) a few e) a lot of
__________ tourists come here.
DO

3. Must you always make so __________ noise?

a) much b) many c) lots of d) few e) little
NO

a) much b) many c) most d) few e) less

9. Complete the sentence below correctly:
I
ST

4. LAUGHTER is an uncountable noun. Mark the sentence below

LE

I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got __________ pa- that shows the correct usage of countable and uncountable nouns:
CE

tience with children.

a) I'll have just a bread for dinner.
S

b) John has fewer money than Paul.

U
TE

18
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
c) Can you give me an advice? c) women.

TI
d) I need some informations.

ES
e) My mother is in very good health. 10. When the first men arrived in Samoa they found blind men
who could see well __________ to describe things in detail just by

L
CE
5. LITTLE is used in “There is still very little known about compul- holding their hands over objects. In France, just after the First World
sive spenders”. Check the item in which it must also be used to War, Jules Romain tested hundreds of blind people, and found a

S
complete the sentence meaningfully: __________ that could tell the difference between light and dark.

EU
He narrowed their photosensitivity down to the nose or in the

AT
a) __________ people claim they don't like to go shopping. fingertips.

8M
b) Many adults are compulsive spenders, but very __________
children suffer from this obsession. – Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as lacunas do

79
c) Researchers are willing to spend __________ thousand dollars texto:

04
to find out more about compulsive shopping.

01
d) As the famous psychiatrist was talking about compulsive a) so – some d) little – one

10
shoppers, the audience interrupted very __________. b) very – any e) less – plenty

21
e) Apparently, changes in the treatment recommended to ob- c) enough – few
sessive shoppers were very __________.

TO
11. There aren’t __________ jobs. There is __________ investment

EN
6. The item that presents, respectively, a synonym for BUT and the and there are very __________ opportunities.
opposite of MUCH in “but there is much to be gained” is:

IM
a) much – so – a little
SC d) many – a few – few
a) nevertheless – anything d) however – few b) many – a little – few e) many – a little – little
NA

b) even though – a few e) yet – little c) much – little – few

c) besides – a little
DO

12. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sen-
7. Preencha corretamente as lacunas apresentadas: tences:
O

A: I don't like strogonoff. Would you like (I) pizza instead?

IN

"Did you like the film?" B: Oh no! Let's buy (II) loaves of bread and make sandwiches.
ST

"No, not very _____." A: But we have (III) time to do that. We're late for school.
LE

"_____ was wrong with it?" B: Alright, but we've got (IV) ham and (V) hot dogs.
CE

"The actors were good but the story was too sentimental."
a) I. a little; II. a few; III. very little; IV. only a little; V. few
S

a) much – What d) little – How b) I. only a little; II. many; III. very little; IV. a few; V. any
EU

b) many – Why e) so – Where c) I. few; II. very few; III. more; IV. little; V. some
AT

c) few – When d) I. very little; II. only a few; III. many; IV. a few; V. more
8M

e) I. little; II. much; III. few; IV. a few; V. very little

8. Which of the following sentences can be completed with the
79

word MANY as in "the laser has many applications"? 13. A expressão "a few numbers", em "the new phones can be pro-
04

grammed to dial only a few numbers", indica:

1

a) The laser beam is being used by ____ telephone companies.

00

b) The laser beam has caused ______ advance in various areas. a) número controlado. d) número ilimitado.
1

c) Science has gained __________from the latest applications b) grande quantidade. e) número incompleto.
21

of the laser. c) número insuficiente.

TO

d) __________ effort has resulted in significant technological

EN

improvement. 14. My brother is __________ taller than me.

e) Scientists have devoted _____ time to research in the field
IM

of communication. a) many b) few c) lots of d) very e) much

SC
NA

9. These pioneers began a revolution that has culminated in a fir- 15. Could you give me __________ help with this tool?
mly established belief among most American employers that wo-
DO

men can do the job – any job – as well as men. Many thought that a) a few b) a little c) quite d) rather e) enough
day would never come.
NO

– Na frase "Many thought that day would never come", a palavra

I

QUESTÕES AVANÇADAS
ST

mais adequada para completar o sentido de many é:

LE

1. Read the text to answer question.

CE

a) beliefs. d) standards.
b) most. e) discrimination. Paul: Mary, the party is tomorrow! Do we have everything we need?
S

Mary: We have _____ juice, but we should buy more. Pau: Do we

U
TE

19
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
need to buy bread? Mary: Well, we have _____, I don’t know if it’s “[...] many people often confuse child slavery with child labour [...]”

TI
enough. Paul: So let’s talk to Jen and ask for ____ advice. (lines 48 and 49)

ES
Choose the alternative that best completes the text: a) a lot.

L
CE
b) very.
a) a lot of / some / some c) much.

S
b) many / some / an d) a lot of.

EU
c) many / a / some

AT
d) a lot / a / an 6. Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?

8M
Money and happiness
2. Mark the correct alternative to fill the gaps of the dialogue below:

79
While it is true that money can't buy love or happiness, a certain

04
At the Supermarket... amount is necessary to have a baseline of happiness. Interestingly,

01
Wife: Do we need (I) wheat? from science we learn that for most people the magic number is

10
Husband: Yes, we do. We haven't got (II) wheat. between $75- $100K per year. At that point we have enough money

21
Husband: We need (III) apples, don't we? not to be struggling between paychecks, and there is a diminishing
Wife: No, we don't. We have got (IV) apples. But we have (V) carrots return on making more money after that. The nice thing is happi-

TO
and (VI) cheese. Let's get some... ness is more about our habits and attitudes that we can control

EN
through things like exercise, mindfulness, gratitude, kindness, etc.
a) I. some; II. much; III. any; IV. few; V. many; VI. little regardless of how ______or how ,______ money we have. Happiness

IM
b) I. much; II. any; III. many; IV. too much; V. few; VI. few Is a choice and a process, not a place.
SC
c) I. few; II. some; III. little; IV. many; V. little; VI. little (https ://www.linkedin.com/pulse)
NA

d) I. any; II. much; III. some; IV. many; V. few; VI. little
e) I. few; II. many; III. few; IV. no; V. much; VI. Many a)much / little
DO

b) many/few
c) much / few
O

d) many/little
IN

e) many/much
ST
LE
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
1 04

3. The opposite of “few”, in bold type in the text, is

100

a) little. 7. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word to complete the text.
21

b) none.
TO

c) some. a) many
EN

d) lots of. b) some

c) much
IM

4. In the sentence "MANY thinkers have tried to give us answers," d) a few

SC

the capital word has a meaning close to:

NA

8. Complete the sentences using the right alternative:

a) a few.
DO

b) few. “She drinks _______ coffee”

c) little. “How ______ cups of coffee do you drink every day ?”
NO

d) several. “He says there was ______ milk in the pot. It was almost empty”
e) much. “There are ________ bottles on that shelf”
I
ST

“How _______ money do you have?”

LE

5. Mark the option that replaces the underlined words, respectively,

CE

keeping the same meaning. a) little – many – little – few – many

b) many – much – little – few – many
S

c) much – few – little – few – many

U
TE

20
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
d) much – many – little – few – much I haven’t been to China. ___________ .

TI
e) little – few – little – few – many Would you like ____ tea?

ES
9. Which alternative completes the sentences correctly? a) either - too- neither I did - any

L
CE
b) either - too - neither have I - some
— Why do you drink so _______ water ? c) too - too - neither did I - some

S
— The food had too ______ salt d) too - either - neither haven´t I – any

EU
AT
a) little – few 14. Choose the correct determiner.

8M
b) few – much
c) few – few My son doesn’t like _____________ of his Math teachers.

79
d) much – little

04
e) much – much a) neither

01
b) both

10
10. Choose the option which completes the sentences below cor- c) either

21
rectly: d) none

TO
It is ________ use trying to change her mind. 15. Escolha a alternativa que completa correta e respectivamente

EN
Slowly, ___________children began coming to school. a sentença abaixo.
Unfortunately, he had __________ friends.

IM
Could you possibly give me ___________ help? “___________ people hunt wild animals for sport. _________ dam-
SC
age has been caused by this kind of hunting”.
NA

a) a little / a few / few / little

b) a little / a few / little / little a) Many … many.
DO

c) a little / few / few / a little b) Many … much.

d) little / few / little / a little c) Much … much
O

e) little / a few / few / a little d) Much … many.

IN
ST

11. Mark the incorrect option. 16. Mark the sentence in which “most” is being used as a quantifier.
LE
CE

a) I need to buy many potatoes. a) The most memorable writing in eighteenth-century Ameri-
b) Don' t waste so much money with me. ca was done by the founding fathers.
S

c) They need many wine to the party. b) They were practical philosophers, and their most typical
EU

d) I'll give you so much love. product was the political pamphlet.
AT

e) Tell them I want many oranges c) The writings of Benjamin Franklin show the Enlightenment
8M

spirit in America at its best and most optimistic.

12. Which option completes the text below correctly? d) Together with the Bible and the newspaper, Almanacs were
79

the most-widely read material in Colonial America.

04

There are ____different opinions on how ____ water you should be e) The Bible, the newspaper and Benjamin Franklin’s Almanacs
1

drinking every day. Health authorities commonly recommend ei- were often the only reading matter in most Colonial hou-
00

ght 8- ounce glasses, which equals about 2 liters, or half a gallon. seholds.
1

This is called the 8x8 rule and is very easy to remember. However,
21

_____ health gurus believe that you need to sip on water constan- Cocaine and alcohol a 'deadly combination'
TO

tly throughout the day, even when you're not thirsty. As with most “At least 13 "self-inflicted" deaths happened in a year in England
EN

things, this depends on the individual. _____ factors (both internal among people who took the two substances, the Victoria Der-
and external) ultimately affect your need for water. byshire programme found. _______, including two contestants on
IM

(https://www.healthline.com) Love Island, took their own lives between April 2018 and March 2019.
SC

Coroners have reported seeing a rise in such cases”.

NA

a) many / much / some / Many (Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-49814269.)

b) many / much / little / Much
DO

c) much / many / some / None 17. The alternative that best completes the empty space found in
d) much / many / little / Much the text is:
NO

e) a lot of / much / none / Many

a) Much.
I
ST

13. Check the correct alternative. b) Many.

LE

c) Very.
CE

I am not hungry. I’m not hungry _____. d) Plenty

I am going out. I am going out ____.
S

18. Complete the question below:

U
TE

21
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
“For the pick-nick we´ll need ___________CDs, _________ cheese to

TI
make sandwiches and ________ lemonade.”

ES
a) Many, much, much.

L
CE
b) Much, many, much.
c) Many, many, many.

S
d) Much, much, much

EU
AT
19. Complete the question below:

8M
Jim drinks _______ soda everyday!

79
04
a) Lots.

01
b) Plenty.

10
c) A lot of.

21
d) Many

TO
World Work Worker Workplace

EN
Does your workplace offer affordances for #wellbeing? Natural light,
movement, a view, informal areas to socialize or collaborate? 40%

IM
say no. SC
NA
DO
O
IN
ST
LE
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
104
100
21
TO
EN
IM

20. According to the survey conducted in the Text, the workers

SC

who are unhappy with their working conditions are:

NA

a) few;
DO

b) little;
c) a little;
NO

d) too much;
e) quite a few.
I
ST
LE

21. In the sentence of the text “Still, there are plenty of ways mil-
CE

lennials can build a credit history without a credit card…” the quan-
US
TE

22
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
tifier plenty of can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

TI
24. Which of the alternatives below completes the sentence cor-

ES
a) some rectly?
b) few

L
CE
c) a few There are no figures for ______ (1) of the applicants successfully get
d) a little off waiting lists. It varies since it depends on the strength of the ap-

S
e) lots of plication pool and whether the fully accepted students decide to

EU
attend or go elsewhere.

AT
Beware the power of the blog

8M
a) how many
Companies may not like blogs, but if they ignore them b) how

79
they may be inviting some PR disasters c) how much

04
The number of blogs on the internet is doubling every five months, d) many

01
according to blog-tracking site Technorati. The total is now around e) much

10
20 million, with around 1.3 million posts made each day. Most are

21
no more interesting than overhearing another person's telephone
call, but there are exceptions that can have a remarkable impact.

TO
(from http://www.computing.co.uk/itweek/comment/ 2145491/ GABARITO
GABARITO

EN
beware-power-blog, retrieved on September 24th, 2008)

IM
APRENDIZAGEM
22. In “Most are no more interesting” most refers to SC
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. E
NA

a) blogs. 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. E
b) months.
11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D
DO

c) exceptions.
d) disasters. APROFUNDAMENTO
O

e) posts.
IN

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. D
ST

Ecology and History of the Amazon Rain Forest 6. E 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C

LE

Biodiversity and Symbiosis of South America's Vulnerable Habitat 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. E 15. B
CE

PROVAS
S
EU

1. A 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D
AT

6. A 7. C 8. D 9. E 10. E
8M

11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B

16. E 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A

79
04

21. E 22. E 23. A 24. A

1
100

No place on Earth is as full of diverse life and landscape as the Am-

21

azon Rainforest. It spreads its tall trees and rich biodiversity over
TO

40% of the South American continent. The Amazon River shares

EN

its name with its host, and is 11 times the volume of the Mississippi
river. The massive water system begins in the Andes Mountains and
IM

winds its way 4,080 miles eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, rushing
SC

through the forests with tremendous force. The annual outflow of

NA

the river is responsible for 1/5 of the entire world’s freshwater flow.
Everything about this habitat is super-sized.
DO

(http://www.suite101.com/content/lungs-of-the-earth-a55287)
NO

23. O oposto de “many” em “This parrot is one of many to call” (na

legenda da foto) é:
I
ST
LE

a) few;
CE

b) much;
c) fewest;
S

d) more.
U
TE

23
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
ES
( ) Many people are dying in Haiti.

L
CE
1. “There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying” (line 31) is ( ) Much of the children are sick and hungry.
the same as ( ) There are only a few food to eat.

S
( ) Not much fresh water is left.

EU
a) There are some ways to prevent cyberbullying ( ) They need lot money to rebuild the country.

AT
b) There are many ways to prevent cyberbullying.

8M
c) There are lots of ways to prevent cyberbullying. a) T – F – F – T – F d) F – F – F – F – T
d) There are no ways to prevent cyberbullying. b) T – T – F – F – T e) F – T – T – F – T

79
c) T – T – F – T – F

04
Dear Sam,

01
Airport Delays on the Rise a news story

10
I’m having a wonderful time in Paris. I didn’t have ______ time by CNN

21
to write last week because I took a tour of some flea markets. Have you ever had travel problems because your air-
I bought _____ beautiful vintage clothes. I also got some inte- plane was late? It is a common problem and it is getting worse.

TO
resting old books for you. Airport delays make people angry and cost the country billions

EN
(…) in lost work time. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is
the government agency that oversees air travel. They studied

IM
2. Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate quantifiers: the problem of airline delays. They found eleven major proble-
SC
ms and proposed eleven ways to fix them. Some of the pro-
NA

a) any – a c) some – any blems are caused because different regions of the country do
b) any – some d) some – some things differently. The regions don’t talk to each other enough.
DO

Some of them need new computers. Also, too many planes are
3. Write “T” if the sentence is grammatically correct, and “F” if flying. A strong economy has more people using airplanes to
O

it is grammatically incorrect. Then choose the alternative with get around. Airplanes are a form of mass of transportation now,
IN

the correct sequence. like trains and buses were in the past. More planes in the airport
ST

cause delays. Weather is another main reason for delays. Wea-

LE

ther causes about 70% of delays. Fog or freezing rain can cau-
CE

se delays. The first thing FAA wants to do is take control away

from the regions during heavy traffic times and bad weather.
S

A national center would make decisions on thing that affect

EU

the whole country. The FAA also wants to put more distance
AT

between planes in the sky when the weather is bad. This rule
8M

could cause even more delays. The FAA works continuously to

make sure that as many flights as possible leave on time each
79

day. They know that their solutions will not cure the problems
04

with airport delays.But they hope to make things better.

1
00

4. “ too many planes”, (line 13), implies that the planes are
1
21

a) scarce. c) sufficient.
TO

b) enough. d) excessive.
EN

5. Analyse the sentences below. Which alternative is correct?

IM
SC

a) A little people passed the exam because it was too dif-

NA

ficult.
b) Few people passed the exam because it was too difficult.
DO

c) Much people passed the exam because it was too dif-

icult.
NO

d) Many people passed the exam because it was too dif-

fcult.
I
ST

e) A lot of people passed the exam because it was too dif-

LE

ficult
CE
US
TE

24
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
palavra: the, que tanto serve para indicar o plural como o singular.

TI
ES
The boys are playing with the ball.
6. Choose the alternative that correctly names the parts of Os meninos estão brincando com a bola.

L
CE
speech, in the order they appear, in the sentence below:
The children are talking to the teacher.

S
Maybe they left very quickly. As crianças estão falando com o professor.

EU
AT
a) modifier - pronoun - verb - intensifier – adverb Usos do Artigo Definido

8M
b) adverb - noun - adjective - adjective – adverb Observe as regras para a utilização/omissão do artigo definido:
c) adjective - pronoun - verb - determiner – adjective

79
d) determiner - noun - verb - intensifier – adverb 1- Quando o substantivo é usado em sentido genérico, omite-se

04
e) noun - pronoun - intensifier - adverb – determiner o artigo.

01
10
7. Choose the alternative that correctly completes the senten- Children like toys.

21
ces below in the right order: As crianças gostam de brinquedos.

TO
We don't have __________ money, just __________ reais. Let's Brazilians love soccer.

EN
take only __________ milk. Os brasileiros adoram futebol.

IM
a) many - few - a few d) few - some – many Music is an art.
SC
b) much - a few – some e) many - few – some A música é uma arte.
NA

c) a lot of - many – few

Gold is a precious metal.
DO

8. Complete the sentences with too many, too much or enou- O ouro é um metal precioso.
gh. Then, choose the correct alternative.
O

2- Quando o substantivo é contável e está sendo usado em sen-

IN

1 - I've been to rather __________ parties recently. tido genérico, no singular, emprega-se o artigo. Os substantivos
ST

2 - You're spending far ________ time on your computer. contáveis (countable nouns) são aqueles que admitem plural, ou
LE

3 - Stop. You're asking me _______ questions. seja, a maioria. Os substantivos não contáveis (uncountable nouns)
CE

4 - Help! I've got _________ luggage. são os que, em inglês (às vezes também, em português), não ad-
5 – Oh, sorry, I didn't call you. I didn't have _________ time. mitem plural (Examples: gold, information, money, advice).
S
EU

a) too many – too much – too many– too much - enough The cat is a domestic animal.
AT

b) too much – enough – too many – too much – too much O gato é um animal doméstico.
8M

c) enough – enough – too much - enough – too many

d) too many – too much – enough – too much – enough The computer is a wonder of technology.
79

e) too much – too many – enough – enough – enough O computador é uma maravilha da tecnologia.
104

Today, the car is a status symbol.

00

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM Hoje, o carro é um símbolo de status.

1

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM Mas:
21
TO

Cats are domestic animals.

EN

Os gatos são animais domésticos.

3
IM

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO Computers are wonders of technology.
SC

Os computadores são maravilhas da tecnologia.

NA

ARTICLES Today, cars are status symbols.

DO

Hoje, os carros são símbolos de status.

Os artigos em inglês têm a mesma divisão existente no Português:
NO

definidos e indefinidos, sendo que as regras que norteiam seu uso 3- Veja que o artigo é omitido apenas no plural. Mas quando o
são um pouco diferentes. substantivo é usado em sentido específico, emprega-se o artigo.
I
ST

Observe:
LE

Artigo Definido: The

CE

The children that are studying...

Os artigos definidos em inglês são representados por uma única As crianças que estão estudando...
US
TE

25
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
The Brazilians who went to the USA... Queen Elisabeth II was crowned in 1953.

ES
Os brasileiros que foram para os EUA… A rainha Elizabeth foi coroada em 1953.

L
CE
The music written by Mozart… Doctor Brown is visiting his patients.
A música escrita por Mozart… O Doutor Brown está visitando os pacientes dele.

S
EU
The gold that was stolen... Captain Smith spoke to soldiers.

AT
O ouro que foi roubado… O capitão Smith falou aos soldados.

8M
4- Observe que a pessoa que fala não está se referindo a crianças, 7- Reforçando a regra básica do genérico/específico, lembramos

79
brasileiros, música e ouro em geral, mas determinadas crianças, que o artigo definido deve ser omitido antes de substantivos que

04
determinados brasileiros, determinada música e determinado denotam esportes, ciências, cores, refeições, estações do ano, me-

01
ouro. ses, dias da semana e substantivos abstratos em sentido genérico.

10
Em português, normalmente emprega-se o artigo definido nesses

21
Nunca use um artigo antes de nomes próprios e de possessivos: casos.

TO
Jane is a pretty girl. Tennis is very popular in Australia.

EN
A Jane é uma moça bonita. O tênis é muito popular na Austrália.

IM
Your grandmother is very old. Biology is an important science.
SC
A sua avó é muito idosa. A biologia é uma ciência importante.
NA

We are selling our house. Red is Jane’s favorite color.

DO

Estamos vendendo a nossa casa. O vermelho é a cor favorita da Jane.

O

5- Convém lembrar que, com sobrenomes, referindo-se a uma fa- I’m going to bank after lunch.
IN

mília específica, emprega-se o artigo. Vou ao banco depois do almoço.

ST
LE

The Simpsons went to the restaurant. Humility is a rare virtue.

CE

Os Simpsons foram ao restaurante. A humildade é uma virtude rara.

S

The Kennedys were a famous family. Mas:

EU

Os Kennedys foram uma família famosa.

AT

The blue of her eyes...

8M

The Camargos are my neighbors. O azul dos olhos dela…

Os Camargo são meus vizinhos.
79

The lunch she offered us…

04

6- Embora títulos (presidente, rainha, doutor, general, capitão, pro- O almoço que ela nos ofereceu...
1

fessor etc.) levem o artigo, como em português, devem ser usados

00

sem artigo quando acompanhados de nome próprio. The winter I spent in London…
1

O inverno que passei em Londres...

21

The President came to our city.

TO

O presidente veio a nossa cidade. The humility of St. Francis…

EN

A humildade de São Francisco...

The Queen of England lives in London.
IM

A rainha da Inglaterra mora em Londres. 8- Observe que nesse último grupo de exemplos os substantivos
SC

precedidos por the são empregados em sentido específico.

NA

The doctor is visiting his patients.

O médico está visitando os pacientes dele. Omite-se também o artigo definido antes de nomes de cidades,
DO

estados, ilhas, países, continentes.

The captain spoke to the soldiers.
NO

O capitão falou aos soldados. Rio is a beautiful city.

O Rio é uma cidade linda.
I
ST

Mas:
LE

France is famous for its wines.

CE

President Kennedy was assassinated. A França é famosa por seus vinhos.

O presidente Kennedy foi assassinado.
US
TE

26
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Asia is bigger than Europe.

TI
A Ásia é maior que a Europa. South Korea

ES
Coréia do Sul
Hawaii is in Oceania.

L
CE
O Havaí fica na Oceania. 10- Acidentes geográficos (montanhas, rios, mares, oceanos etc.)
levam o artigo em inglês, da mesma forma que em português:

S
Exceções:

EU
The Andes

AT
The United States Os Andes

8M
Os Estados Unidos
The Alps

79
The United Kingdom Os Alpes

04
O Reino Unido

01
The Rockies/Rocky Mountains

10
The United Arab Emirates As Montanhas Rochosas

21
Os Emirados Árabes Unidos
The Atlantic

TO
The Dominican Repubic O Atlântico

EN
A República Dominicana
The Mediterranean

IM
The Ivory Coast O Mediterrâneo
SC
A Costa do Marfim
NA

The Amazon
The Solomon Islands O Amazonas
DO

As Ilhas Salomão – grupos de ilhas em geral

The Gulf of Mexico
O

The Philippines O golfo do México

IN

As Filipinas
ST

Lagos, porém, são exceção:

LE

The Bahamas
CE

As Bahamas Lake Victoria

O Lago Vitória
S

The Azores
EU

Os Açores Lake Huron

AT

O Lago Huron
8M

The Kongo
O Kongo Lake Titicaca
79

The Netherlands O Lago Titicaca

04

Os Países Baixos – A Holanda

1

11- Omite-se o artigo definido antes das palavras church (igreja),

00

The Hague school (escola), bed (cama), prison (prisão). Sempre? Não! Ap-
1

Haia – Sede do governo holandês enas quando esses locais estiverem sendo usados para a finalidade
21

à qual normalmente se destinam.

TO

9- Ainda existem outros, porém de menor importância. Mas, afinal,

EN

por que se emprega o artigo? Você deve ter percebido que são, My children go to school in the morning.
em sua maioria, nomes compostos ou que indicam união ou certa Meus filhos vão para a escola de manhã. – São alunos, vão estudar.
IM

pluralidade.
SC

I have to go the school to speak to the principal.

NA

Convém citar alguns nomes compostos com quais não se usa o artigo: Tenho que ir a escola falar com diretor. – Não como aluno.
DO

Saudi Arábia John killed a man and went to prison.

Arábia Saudita John matou um homem e foi para a prisão. – Como prisioneiro.
NO

South África Tomorrow his wife is going to the prison in order to see him.
I
ST

África do Sul Amanhã a mulher dele vai à prisão para vê-lo. – Não como pri-
LE

sioneira.
CE

North Korea
Coréia do Norte Margareth goes to church every Sunday.
US
TE

27
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Margareth vai à igreja todos os domingos. – Rezar, participar de cífica, também exige um artigo definido.

TI
alguma função religiosa.

ES
Glória dances the samba very well.
The tourists went to the church to see the beautiful stained-glass Glória dança samba muito bem.

L
CE
windows.
Os turistas foram à igreja para ver os belos vitrôs coloridos. – Nem I like dancing the lambada.

S
como devotos, nem para rezar. Gosto de dançar lambada.

EU
AT
Mary was in bed with a high fever. William dances the tango like a professional.

8M
Mary estava de cama com uma febre alta. – A cama está sendo O William dança tango como um profissional.
usada para um dos fins a que se destina.

79
Let’s sit on the bed, since there are no chairs. 13- Quando o artigo definido é empregado antes de adjetivos

04
Vamos sentar-se na cama, já que não há cadeiras. – A cama está substantivados, significa que estes estão no plural.

01
sendo usada em substituição às cadeiras.

10
The blind

21
Existem ainda outras palavras que normalmente não são precedi- Os cegos
das de artigo. Entre elas merecem destaque: heaven (“céu”), hell

TO
(“inferno”), work (“local de trabalho”). The powerful

EN
Os poderosos
When I die, I hope to go heaven. The rich and the poor

IM
Quando eu morrer espero ir para o céu. Os ricos e os pobres
SC
NA

Go to hell! The deaf

Vá para o inferno! Os surdos
DO

Paul goes to work at 7:30. 13.1- Como proceder, então, para o singular? Como dizer o rico, o
O

Paul vai para o trabalho às 7h30. pobre, o cego, a cega, o poderoso etc.?
IN
ST

OBSERVAÇÕES The rich man helped the poor man.

OBSERVAÇÕES
LE

O rico ajudou o pobre.

CE

1: “Céu”, no sentido de firmamento, é sky. I gave (some) money to the blind woman.
S

Eu dei dinheiro à mulher cega.

EU

2: Hell (inferno) é precedido de artigo em certas expressões

AT

bastante comuns na linguagem coloquial. The blind man lost his cane.
8M

O cego perdeu sua bengala.'

What the hell!
79

Que diabo! 14- Finalmente, o artigo definido é utilizado antes do adjetivo na

04

estrutura do Parallel Increase e na formação do grau superlativo

1

What the hell is going on? (tópicos que serão estudados com maiores detalhes no módulo
00

Que diabo está acontecendo? Adjectives and Adverbs).

1
21

The more he studies, the better he becomes.

TO

12- Ao contrário do que ocorre em português, é obrigatório o em- Quanto mais ele estuda, melhor ele fica.
EN

prego de artigo definido antes de instrumentos musicais precedi-

dos de verbos como to like (gostar), to learn (aprender) e, prin- He is one of the best/the worst students of our school.
IM

cipalmente, to play (tocar). Ele é um dos melhores/piores alunos de nossa escola.

SC
NA

Paula plays the piano well. Artigos Indefinidos: A – An

Paula toca piano bem.
DO

A (“um”, “uma”): Antes de sons consonantais (inclusive o h aspira-

Henry is learning the guitar. do) e semi-vocálicos.
NO

Henry está aprendendo violão.

A man A pencil
I
ST

Robert likes the saxophone. A university A house

LE

Robert gosta de saxofone. A year A watch

CE

O verbo to dance (dançar), quando seguido de uma dança espe- An (um, uma): Antes de sons vocálicos e h não-aspirado.
US
TE

28
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
An egg An evening OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

ES
An 1856 stamp An arm
An hour An MTV release

L
CE
Algumas formas substantivas terminadas em man designam
Uso dos artigos indefinidos o gênero masculino, sendo o feminino formado com woman:

S
an Englishwoman (“uma inglesa”),

EU
1- É obrigatório o emprego de um artigo indefinido antes de sub- a Frenchwoman (“uma francesa”).

AT
stantivos que denotam profissão/ocupação.

8M
Helen is a teacher and her husband is an engineer. 3- Depois das preposições with (“com”) e without (“sem”),

79
Helen é professora e seu marido é engenheiro. seguidas de substantivo concreto, também é necessário o artigo

04
indefinido.

01
Michael wants to be a doctor.

10
Michael quer ser médico. Jane thought she could write with a pencil.

21
Jane achava que podia escrever com um lápis.
2- Emprega-se o artigo indefinido antes de substantivos que deno-

TO
tam religião e nacionalidade. Porém, quando a mesma palavra é Charles likes to work without a coat.

EN
usada como adjetivo, o artigo não pode ser usado. Charles gosta de trabalhar sem paletó.
Peter is a devout Catholic.

IM
Peter é um católico fervoroso. Don’t go out in the cold without an overcoat!
SC
Não saia no frio sem um sobretudo!
NA

His wife is Jewish.

A esposa dele é judia. 4- É obrigatório o emprego do artigo indefinido depois das pala-
DO

vras what (que), such (tal) e half (meio, metade), precedendo

It was a German who won the race. substantivos contáveis.
O

Foi um alemão quem ganhou a corrida.

IN

What a nice day!

ST

Takeshi is Japanese. Que dia bonito!

LE

Takeshi é japonês.
CE

I’ve never seen such a big animal.

Cumpre observar que certas nacionalidades têm duas palavras dif- Nunca vi um animal tão grande.
S

erentes: uma para o adjetivo; outra para o substantivo.

EU

Richard ate half a watermelon.

AT

Adjetivo Substantivo O Richard comeu meia melancia.

8M

Inglês English/British Englishman Mas:

79

Francês French Frenchman

04

What nice furniture you have!

1

Que mobília bonita você tem! – furniture = não-contável.

00

Escocês Scottish Scot/Scotsman

1

Ann has such patience with kids!

21

Irlandês Irish Irishman

Ann tem tanta paciência com crianças! – patience = não-contável.
TO

Sueco Swedish Swede

EN

5- O artigo indefinido também é usado com sentido de “por” em

Dinamarquês Danish Dane expressões, tais como: por quilo, km por hora, vezes por dia etc.
IM
SC

Holandês Dutch Dutchman

Rice costs less than three reals a kilo.
NA

O arroz custa menos de três reais por quilo.

Espanhol Spanish Spaniard
DO

That car was going at more than 150km an hour (= per hour)!
Aquele carro ia a mais de 150 km por hora!
NO

We have English class three times a week.

I
ST

Temos aula de inglês três vezes por semana.

LE
CE

6- O artigo indefinido também é usado em certas construções id-

iomáticas:
US
TE

29
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
Many a time (= Many times)

ES
Muitas vezes
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

L
CE
All of a sudden (= Suddenly)
Subitamente, de repente 1. __________ girl at __________ back of __________ room is eating

S
__________ sandwich.

EU
As a rule

AT
Normalmente, como regra geral a) The – the – the – a d) no article – a – the – the

8M
b) A – a – a – no article e) The – no article – no article – a
In a hurry c) A – no article – the – the

79
Com pressa, apressadamente

04
2. On my last vacation I visited __________ England, __________ USA

01
As a matter of fact and __________ Netherlands.

10
De fato, na realidade

21
a) no article – no article – the
One at a time b) no article – no article – no article

TO
Um(a) de cada vez c) no article – the – the

EN
d) no article – a – a
Once upon a time e) the – the – the

IM
Era uma vez SC
3. Entering __________ University should be __________ exciting ex-
NA

An eye for an eye perience for __________ young man or __________ woman.
Olho por olho
DO

a) an – an – an – * d) an – an – a – *
7- Por fim: o artigo indefinido não deve ser usado antes de sub- b) a – an – a – a e) a – a – a – an
O

stantivos não-contáveis, embora nós o façamos em português. c) a – an – an – a

IN

Nesses casos, o inglês usa muitas vezes some (algum, um).

ST

4. In __________ Brazil, differently from __________ United Sta-

LE

Let me give you some advice. tes, if you want to enter __________ university, you have to take
CE

Permita-me dar-lhe uns conselhos. __________ exam which normally takes more than ________ hour.
S

Can you lend me some money? a) the – the – an – a – a d) * – * – a – an – an

EU

Você pode me emprestar um dinheiro/uma grana? b) * – * – an – an – a e) * – the – an – an – an

AT

c) * – the – a – an – an
8M

I spent some time in New York.

Passei um/algum tempo em Nova Iorque. 5. We had __________ lunch with __________ old friend on
79

__________ Saturday.
04

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
1

a) * – an – * d) a – an – a
00

b) a – the – a e) the – the – the

1

1: Quando queremos enfatizar que se trata de um ou uma, não c) the – an – the

21

dois (duas) ou mais, usamos o numeral one.

TO

6. A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I e II de:

EN

I asked for one bottle of wine, not two!

Pedi uma garrafa de vinho, não duas! _____I_____ Dr. Brown refused to talk to _____II_____ doctor who
IM

wanted to help him.

SC

2: Também usamos o numeral one em expressões idiomáti- Nota: o aparecimento de um asterisco (*) significa que nenhum
NA

cas, como one day (“um certo dia”). artigo deve ser usado.
– é:
DO

Then one day he said to me...

Então, um dia/um dia ele me disse… I II
NO

a)the the
b)* the
I
ST

c)* an
LE

d)the a
CE

e)the an
US
TE

30
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
7. ___I ___ apple ___II ___ day keeps the doctor away. had ___II ___ dinner with _____III_ ___ my family.

TI
ES
I II I II III
a) A the a) * a *

L
CE
b) A a b) the the the
c) An a c) a a the

S
d) The the d) * the the

EU
e) An the e) a * *

AT
8M
8. Fill in the sentence below: 14. A alternativa que corretamente preenche os claros I, II, III de:

79
The waiter was __________, that we didn't feel like complaining. We know that _____I_____ mankind is facing a lot of social pro-

04
blems.

01
a) so a nice man d) such a nice man I think that _____II_____ my sister wants to go to _____III_____

10
b) such nice man e) such nice a man university in Europe.

21
c) so nice man – é:

TO
9. Not many people read ___I ___ poetry, but quite ___II ___ few I II III

EN
read ___III ___ novels. a)
* * a
b) * * an

IM
I II III c) the
SC * a
a) * a * d) the the an
NA

b) the * * e) the the the

c) a a *
DO

d) * * * 15. Choose the correct alternative to complete the text:

e) a the the
O

“In the beginning the Earth was inhabited only by men.

IN

10. When he was ___I ___ librarian in Africa he had _____II ___ hi- At that time __________ gods Zeus and Prometheus had __________
ST

gher salary than he has now as ___III____ teacher in this country. quarrel because Zeus had hidden fire away from the men. However,
LE

Prometheus found it and took it back to Earth.

CE

I II III Zeus got very angry with __________ Prometheus, and

a) * * * decided to take revenge on him and all men. So Zeus made the
S

b) a * the first woman – Pandora. He gave her __________ small box, but told
EU

c) the * the her not to open it.

AT

d) a a a Pandora married the brother of Prometheus. One day she

8M

e) the the the became curious about __________ box – too curious – and opened
it. And a great number of tiny monsters flew out. They were: hate,
79

11. ___I ___ more it rains, ___II ___ worse ___III_ __ roads will be. envy, anger, jealousy, revenge, selfishness, greed cruelty, disease,
04

and all of the curses that often make us humans miserable.

1

I II III Pandora quickly closed the box, but it was too late. The
00

a) A the the only thing left in __________ box was hope.”

1

b) The the the

21

c) * * the a) a – the – the – Ø – a – a

TO

d) * the * b) Ø – Ø – a – the – Ø – the

EN

e) A * * c) the – a – Ø – a – the – the

d) Ø – the – Ø – a – a – the
IM

12. I next went to buy ___I ___ packet of cigarettes. I don't smoke
SC

myself, but my wife does and she likes ___II ___ most expensive
NA

ones available; ____III_____ older she gets ___IV ___ more de-
manding she becomes. QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
DO

I II III IV
NO

a) * * an a 1. (Cn 2018) Read the text to do the question below. Complete with
b) * the an a a, the or Ø (no article).
I
ST

c) a a the *
LE

d) the a an a ___________ Brazil is a huge country.

CE

e) a the the the In,___________North, there are____________rain forests and

___________ longest river is also situated there. In ___________
S

13. After we had talked for ___I ___ few minutes, I went home and
U
TE

31
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
South, ____________ climate is more European. ___________ Bra-

TI
zil also has many social differences.___________ rich own most

ES
of____________ country’s wealth and ___________ poor often live
on minimum wage.

L
CE
Now mark the option which completes the gaps respectively.

S
EU
a) Ø - the - Ø - a - the - the - Ø - a - the - a

AT
b) The - the - Ø - a - Ø - the - the - The - Ø - the

8M
c) Ø - the - Ø - the - the - the - Ø - The - the - the
d) The - Ø - Ø - a - Ø-the- The - Ø - a - Ø

79
e) The - Ø - the - a - Ø - the - The - a - a – a

04
01
2. (EFOMM 2018) Choose the correct sequence to complete the

10
text below.

21
Language, brain and disability

TO
a) a – the – the – a – an – the

EN
It has often been remarked that we come to apprecia- b) a – the – the – an – a – the
te_____unique complexity and function of language only when it c) an – the – the – an – a – an

IM
starts to go wrong. This happens daily in many small ways - when d) a – the – the – the – an – an
SC
we detect ambiguity, express ourselves incoherently, or speak at
NA

cross-purposes. Less commonly, it happens in _____ dramatic and 4. Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph below?
devastating manner, in _____ form of language disability. Those
DO

who find it difficult or impossible to communicate, on account of My reflections around the concept of responsibi-
some physical, psychological, or other disability, face _____ frustra- lity
O

ting, isolated, and uncertain future, in which their disability is often

IN

not recognized, and community support services may be inacces- I believe ______ responsibility is first and foremost ______
ST

sible or absent. Drawing attention to ______ existence and extent adult attitude. It is ______ result of human action and necessitates
LE

of language disability is thus _____important role for any encyclo- _____ sharing of meaning with others. It requires us to collectively
CE

pedia of language. adhere to ______ notion behind ______ idea of _______ responsibi-
lity, which of itself is a responsibility.
S

(Adapted from: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of language)

EU

(Adapted from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse)

AT

a) the / a / the / a / the / an

8M

b) the / a / — / a / an / the a) Ø / the / a / a / a / the / Ø

c) a /the / a / — / the / an b) Ø / an / the / the / the / the / Ø
79

d) a / the / — / the / — / the c) the / Ø / a / a / the / an / the

04

e) an / a / the / — / the / an d) the / an / the / Ø / a / the / the

1

e) Ø/ Ø / the / Ø / the / an / Ø
00

3. (EEAR 2018) Complete the text with the right articles. Then
1

choose the correct alternative. 5. (EEAR 2017) Read the text and answer question:
21
TO

I am from New Zealand, which is _____ country that is in _____ Paci-

EN

fic Ocean. Wellington is _____ name of _____ capital of my country.

IM

Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks in the text.

SC
NA

a) a – a – a – the c) a – the – the – the

b) the – a – a – the d) the – a – the – the
DO

6. (ESPCEX 2017) Choose the alternative that correctly completes

NO

the sentences according to the right use of articles:

I
ST

When we cross the street we must wait for the green man on _____
LE

crossing sign, but in one Australian city, he no longer wears trou-

CE

sers._____ city of Melbourne is now in the news because it changed

some of the pedestrian lights from men to women._____member
US
TE

32
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
of the Melbourne city board thinks that to see only_____male figure

TI
is not right. She hopes that _____female figure will make our world a) I visited the United Kingdom and the Brazil two years ago.

ES
equal. b) The Bahamas is a group of islands in the West Indies.
c) Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.

L
CE
a) the - the - a - a - the d) a - a -the - an - an d) The coast of the country is bathed by Atlantic Ocean.
b) the - the - an - a - a e) a - the - the - a – the e) My brother likes seaside, but I prefer mountains.

S
c) a - a - a - the - the

EU
11. (CN 2017) Complete the sentences using an article when ne-

AT
7. (EN 2017) What is the correct option to complete the text below? cessary.

8M
The current smartphone market
I- Is Mario_________ honest man?

79
It's______ brand new year and already there have been ______new II- The students wear_________ uniform here.

04
smartphones released onto the market.Upgrading from your cur- III- _________ Smiths live next to the supermarket.

01
rent device can be ______exciting time, but it can also be______lit- IV- __________ Brasília was made the capital ia 1960.

10
tle confusing with all of______options available.(http ://www.news.

21
com.au) Choose the correct option.

TO
a) a/-/the/-/- d) an/the/-/the/an a) a / an / - / - d) a / an / - / The

EN
b) the/a/an/the/an e) the/-/a/a/the b) a / an / The / The e) an / a / The / -
c) a/-/an/a/the c) an / a / The / The

IM
SC
8. What is the correct option to complete the text below? 12. (EEAR 2017) Complete the sentence with the correct response.
NA

Navy Ships Respond to Piracy Attack Frida Kahlo, a master ____the art of surrealism, is _____ icon of Me-
DO

xican popular culture.

Late night on 08 April______distress call was received
O

from ______foreign merchant vessel MV OS 35 (Tuvalu registered a) from – the c) by – an

IN

vessel), which was attacked and boarded by pirates in ______Gulf b) to – the d) of – an

ST

of Aden.
LE

______Indian Navy ships Mumbai, Tarkash, Trishul and Aditya pro- 13. (EEAR 2016) Read the text and answer question
CE

ceeding on deployment to ______ Mediterranean responded to

______ call and rapidly closed______merchant vessel by ______ Traditional American cake bars
S

early hours of 09 April.(Adapted from http: // www. marineinsight

EU

.com / shipping) Recipe:

AT
8M

a) a / a / Ø / Ø / Ø / the / a / Ø 100g butter 1tsp. vanilla ½ tsp baking powder

b) a / a / the / Ø/ the / the / the / the 200g sugar ¼ tsp salt 100g chopped walnuts
79

c) the / a / the / an / the / a / the / an 2 eggs 100g flour 50g chocolate U

04

d) a / the / the / Ø /Ø / a / a /Ø Melt _____ chocolate and butter and mix carefully.
1

e) the /Ø/ a / the / a / the / the / the Add _____ sugar and mix again until smooth. Leave to cool.
00

Add _____ eggs and vanilla and mix.

1

9. Which option correctly completes the sentences below? Add _____ flour, baking powder, and salt, and mix until well-com-
21

bined.
TO

1 - _________River Thames is a river that flows through London.

EN

2- Sweden is in_____ northern Europe. Stir in the walnuts.Put the mix in a cake tin and cook for 25min at
3- _____ Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North 175°C.Eat with fruit or ice cream.
IM

America.
SC

4- ______ Canaries are an archipelago and autonomous commu- Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks subsequently.
NA

nity of Spain.
5- ______ French are famous for their food. a) a – some – the – some c) the – some – some – a
DO

b) the – the – the – the d) some – a – some – the

a) The - the - The - X - The
NO

b) X -th e -X -T h e -X 14. (ESPCEX 2016) Choose the alternative that correctly completes
c) The - X - X - The - The the sentences according to the right use of articles:
I
ST

d) X - X - The - X - The
LE

e) X - the - The - X – The I wrote__ letter to my friend yesterday. Today I saw_____ letter on
CE

____dinner table. I forgot to post it.

10. (EFOM 2017) Which alternative is correct?
US
TE

33
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) the - the - the d) a - a - the

TI
b) the - the - a e) a - the – the 18. (EN 2015) Which sequence best completes the quotation be-

ES
c) a -a -a low?

L
CE
15. (EN 2016) What is the correct option to complete the text be- "_____ Ebola outbreak in West Africa is already _______ global thre-
low? at to________ public health and it's vital that ______ UK remains

S
at________ forefront of responding to ______epidemic." Michael

EU
Mosquito Screens to Be Used at Rio Games Fallon, Defense Secretary, 2014.

AT
8M
Even as athletes grow increasingly concerned about _______ out- (Adapted from http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk).
break of _______ Zika virus in Brazil, _______ organizing committee

79
for the August Olympics in Rio de Janeiro said it would charge na- a) An/a/the/-/the/an. d) An/-/-/the/-/- .

04
tional delegations to have mosquito screens on athletes' rooms. b) -/the/-/the/-/an. e) The/a/-/the/the/the.

01
_____ screens, one measure Brazilians are using to help ward off c) The/the/the/-/the/the.

10
the mosquito that is the primary transmitter of Zika, will be instal-
19. (EFOM 2015) Choose the correct alternative to complete the

21
led in communal areas "where required," but affixed to lodging only
if national delegations decide to pay for it, said Philip Wilkinson, sentences below.

TO
______ spokesman for the Rio 2016 organizing committee.

EN
(http://www.nytimes.com) I - Simon is in ______ prison because he didn’t pay his taxes.
II - You have made ____ very good progress.

IM
a) an/-/the/-/an d) an/the/-/the/a III - We didn’t have time to visit ____ Louvre when we were in Paris.
SC
b) the/the/the/the/a e) the/the/the/the/an IV - I’ve always wanted to visit ____ Netherlands.
NA

c) the/a/the/the/a
a) a / a / the / the d) --- / a / --- / a
DO

16. (EEAR 2016) Complete the text with the correct article. b) --- / --- / the / the e) a / --- / --- / the
c) the / a / --- / ---
O
IN

20. (EEAR 2015) Fill in the blank in lines 3 and 6 with the right words:
ST
LE
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
104
100

a) (1) the – (2) an – (3) the

21

b) (1) the – (2) the – (3) a

TO

c) (1) the – (2) a – (3) the

EN

d) (1) a – (2) the – (3) a

a) a – an c) an – the
IM

17. (EEAR 2015) Select the alternative that best completes the ex- b) a – the d) the – the
SC

tract below.
NA

21. (EEAR 2015) Select the alternative that best completes the dia-
Workplace Accident Statistics logue.
DO

Every year, millions of people in ___ United States are hurt on the
NO

job. Each day 16 workers die from injuries at work and more than
17,000 are injured. Accidents also cause the companies to spend
I
ST

more. Last year, ___ total cost was more than $121 billion.
LE
CE

a) the – a c) the – an
b) a – the d) the – the
US
TE

34
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
L ES
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
a) an – a – an – a c) an – an – a – a

79
b) a – an – an – a d) an – an – an – a

04
01
22. The item that completes the comic strip is

10
21
TO
EN
a) a / a c) the / a

IM
b) a / the
SC d) the / the
NA

26. (EN 2013) Which is the correct option to complete the para-
graph below?
DO

"Plan your perfect vacation by reserving (1) ____ room at (2)____

O

Best Western Hotel. Situated on (3) ____ Northern Drive, half mile
IN

a) a c) the from (4) ____ downtown, our hotel mixes spacious guest rooms and
ST

b) an d) some convenient location."

LE
CE

23. (EM 2014) Which sequence best completes the text below? a) the - Ø - the - Ø d) a - the - the -a
b) a - the - Ø - Ø e) the - a - Ø – a
S

On _____ Monday, September 2nd _____ International Olympic c) a - the - Ø - the

EU

Committee's (IOC) inspectors completed their fifth trip to Rio and,

AT

at ____ press conference wrapping up _____ trip, gave organizers 27. (EFOMM 2013) The blanks of this excerpt can be adequately fil-
8M

cautious approval of_____ way things are going. led by:

(Adapted from The Rio Times - Weekly Online Edition, Issue LVIII)
79

‘Diplomatics, from ______ Greek diploma (folded), is ____ study of

04

a) Ø/the/Ø/the/a d) Ø /the/a/the/the legal and administrative documents of all kinds. Most attention has
1

b) a/Ø/the/a/the e) Ø /the/Ø /Ø/the been paid to ______ public documents of monarchs, emperors, and
00

c) a/Ø/Ø/the/Ø popes, which are usually classified separately from_____ many va-
1

rieties of private documents that exist.’ (CRYSTAL, David (2010).

21

24. (EPCEX 2014) Choose the alternative that best completes the The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge Uni-
TO

sentence below. versity Press).

EN

Lucy rented _______ yellow car about ________ hour ago and lent it a) the – the – X – the.
IM

to_________ students. b) the – a – the – X

SC

c) a – a – the – the
NA

a) a – a – a d) a – a – the d) the – the – the –the

b) the – the – the e) a – an – the e) a – a – X – X
DO

c) an – an – an
28. (EEAR 2013) Fill in the blanks with the suitable options, respec-
NO

25. (EEAR 2014) Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate tively:
articles, respectively:
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

35
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
correct.

TI
ES
a) The Welsh live in harmony with the Irish
b) The Dutch live close to the French.

L
CE
c) The Japanese and Chinese also live close.
d) The Italian and the Swiss are Europeans.

S
EU
34. (EN 2009) Which is the correct option to complete the text

AT
below?

8M
______(1) last month I spent four days in _______ (2) Angra with

79
______ (3) cousin from _______ (4) Paraná. Her father is ________

04
(5) uncle of mine who moved to ______ (6) south 2 years ago.

01
10
a) Ø - the - a - the - the - the

21
b) The - Ø - a - Ø - an - the
a) a - a c) the - a c) Ø - Ø - a - Ø - an - the

TO
b) a - the d) the – the d) The - the - a - the - the - the

EN
e) Ø - Ø - the - Ø - an - Ø.
29. (EN 2012) Which is the correct option to complete the senten-

IM
ce below? 35. Read and complete the sentence below.
SC
I’m traveling to ,______ United States next month. I want to see
NA

Windsurfing will be dropped from {1)____ Olympics after (2)____ _____ Hawaii and________ Rocky Mountains (depending on_______
London 2012 Games and will be replaced by (3)____ kiteboarding money and________time!).
DO

for (4) _____ Rio 2016 Games. Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectiveiy.
(Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/olym-
O

pics-2012) a) A.the / X / the / X / X

IN

b) B.X / the / the / the / the

ST

a) Ø - Ø - the - Ø d) Ø - a - the -a c) C.X / the / the / X / X

LE

b) an - the -the -the e) the - a - Ø – a d) D.the / the / the / the / the

CE

c) the -the - Ø - the e) E.X / X / the / the / X

S

30 (EEAR 2012) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles: 36. Choose the correct sequence to complete the text below.
EU

____ year 1665 was very bad for England. _____ epidemic of ____ "My friends live in _____ old house in ____ small village. There is ____
AT

terrible disease, bubonic plague, killed over seventy thousand peo- beautiful garden behind _____ house. I would like to have _____
8M

ple just in London. (Adapted from Password English) garden like that."
79

a) The / A / a c) An / The / a a) an/a/a/an/the

04

b) The / An / a d) A / An / the b) an/a/a/an/a

1

c) a/an/a/the/the
00

31. (EFOM 2011) The indefinite article can be appropriately used in: d) a/an/a/the/a
1

e) an/a/a/the/a
21

a) _____ information d) _____ eggs

TO

b) _____ wool e) _____ hypothesis

EN

c) _____ furniture
IM

32. (ESPCEX 2011) Which alternative best completes the sentence

SC

below? (* means no article)

NA

_______ good book is ________ best medicine for ________ lone-

DO

liness.
NO

a) * - the – a d) The – * – a
b) The - a - * e) * - the – the
I
ST

c) A - the - *
LE
CE

33. “The test provides a familiar and work-related…” (sentence 02).

Choose the alternative in which the use of the article “the” isn’t
US
TE

36
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
d) a / a / the / a / a / the / the / the / a / a / the / the / the /

TI
the / the

ES
39. Look at the extract below and choose the CORRECT answers.

L
CE
“(National Geographic) ______ peculiar storm swept across ______

S
mountains of ______ . Antarctic Peninsula in February of this year.

EU
Several scientists hunkered down in their tents as______ torrent of

AT
horizontal-blowing snow washed through.”

8M
(http:/ /news.nationalgeographic.com)

79
a) A / the / the / a

04
b) A / the / the / the

01
c) A / the / - / the

10
d) The / - / the / the

21
40. Which of the options completes the text below correctly?

TO
EN
I got into________ accident on my bike.
If you have experienced ________ crash on your Citi Bike and are

IM
injured, call 911 immediately. You should also call ________ police
SC
department w here_________ crash took place and file ________
NA

report with __________officer to make sure that all important infor-

mation is documented.
DO

37. Complete the article below correctly. Choose the CORRECT (Adapted from https://help.citibikenyc.com)
answer:
O

a) an / a / the / the / a / an
IN

a) a / a / the / the / an / the / the / a / the / the / the / the b) an / a / - / a / the / an

ST

b) the / a / the / - / an / the / - / a / the / an / the / - c) the / the / a / the / the / a

LE

c) a / an / the / a / a / the / the / an / the / a / an / the d) a / the / the / a / a / a

CE

d) the / an / the / a / an / the / a / a / the / the / the / a e) a / the / a / a / - / a

S

38. Complete the article below correctly. Choose the CORRECT 41. Complete the paragraph below, about Scotland, with the mis-
EU

answer: sing articles.

AT
8M

THE DAY THE QUEEN WAS ALMOST SHOT For many years, Scotland was ___________ poor country. But now
By YONETTE JOSEPH and CHARLOTTE GRAHAM-MecLAY - things are better for most people. There is oil and gas in __________
79

MARCH 3, 2018 sea between Scotland and Norway. Edinburgh is ____________ im-
04

portant place for money, and there are big banks there, like the
1

(THE NEW YORK TIMES) This much is certain: On Oct. 14, 1981, Royal Bank of Scotland. Tourists visit this beautiful country and they
00

_____ teenager armed with _____ , .22 rifle went to _____ fifth bring money to Scotland too. Many people love living and working
1

floorof _____ building in Dunedin, New Zealand, during _____ visit there, and more than 20 million visitors go to Scotland each year.
21

by Queen Elizabeth II and her husband, Prince Philip. When _____

TO

royals stepped out of their Rolls-Royce to greet thousands of well- Now, mark the correct option, from top to bottom:
EN

-wishers on _____street, _____ gunman, Christopher John Lewis,

17, _____ self-described terrorist who was hiding in _____ deserted a) an / a / an
IM

toilet cubicle, trained his rifle on _____ queen and fireD)He mis- b) a /th e /a
SC

seD) The Guardian said “it may be _____ closest anyone has ever c) a / the / an
NA

come to assassinating Queen Elizabeth 1I.” Decades later, questions d) an / a / a

about whether_____New Zealand police and government had co- e) a /a /a n
DO

vered up _____ seriousness of _____ ,crime still linger. (...)

(https//www.nytimes.com/) 42. Put a, an or some where necessary and choose the correct
NO

alternative.
a) a / the / - / a / the / the / a / the / a / a / the / a / the / the / - I’ve seen __________ good films recently. What’s wrong with you?
I
ST

b) the / the / the / a / the / - / the / the / an / a / the / the / Have you got _________ headache. _________ birds, for example
LE

a/ - / the the penguin, cannot fly. I don’t feel very well this morning. I’ve got
CE

c) the / a / a / the / a / the / the / the / a / a / the / the / the _______ sore throat.
/ an / the
US
TE

37
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
a) a - an - some – a 46. Preencha corretamente com os artigos: 'a', 'an' ou 'the':

ES
b) some - a - an - a My sister went to the beach last month. She met_____ girl there
c) a - a - some – an who was born in Goiânia. When they went to ____ restaurant they

L
CE
d) some - a - some – a noticed that ____place was amazing. There was ___ picture of ____
Elephant.

S
43. Read the sentences below and choose the one in which the

EU
indefinite article has been used incorrectly. a) a, the, a, a, an.

AT
b) a, the, the, a, an.

8M
a) Mr Yao has bought a new iPad for his son. c) a, the, an, an, an.
b) Parents will have to buy an electronic devices for their chil- d) a, an, the, a,an.

79
dren.

04
c) Kerry Allen has purchased an IPad for her daughter. 47. Paul, _____ doctor, was _____ first person in _____ city to swim

01
d) The students at Danfeng High School have wear a uniform. in _____ Mississipi River on _____ tenth of _____ October, 1970 and

10
in ____ Lake Michigan in _____ 60s.
44. Notice the use of the articles in the sentence: “I went to an

21
employment agency to get a job” (fourth paragraph). a) a - the - X - the - X - X - the – X

TO
Choose the sentence in which the use of the article is correct: b) a - the - the - the - the - X - X – the

EN
c) the - the - X - the - the - X - X – the
a) Kate has a lot of friends who are an artists. d) a - X - the - the - the - the - X – the

IM
b) John, Kate's brother, has a good job. He works as a engineer. e) an - the - the - the - the - X - X – the
SC
c) Kate studies English because it is a universal language.
NA

d) Kate would like to study arts at an university in Washington. 48. Fill in the blanks of the following sentence with the definite ar-
e) Kate's teachers are a chemists. ticle:
DO

_____ Brazil is _____ most industrial country in_____ South America,

As (1) ______ result of the new information technologies and com- while _____ United States holds _____ same position in _____ North
O

puter-mediated communications, contemporary communication America.

IN

has become highly multimodal moving, particularly, towards the Choose the correct alternative:
ST

extensive use of (2) _______image, while meaning is inevitably

LE

derived from ways that are multimodal. Nowadays, almost all texts a) the; the; the; the; the; the
CE

consist of visual elements, which in combination with language b) *; the; the; *; the; *
hold a prominent role in conveying the essential information. In c) *; the; *; the; the; *
S

this context, people, especially youths, are exposed to (3) _______ d) *; the; the; the; the; *
EU

variety of multimodal texts, such as video games, websites, picture e) the; *; *; *; the; the
AT

books, school textbooks, magazine articles, advertisements, and

8M

graphic novels - that involve a complex interplay of written text, 49. Language changes all the time. Even though grammar chan-
visual images, graphics, and design elements. ges more slowly than vocabulary, it is not a set of unalterable rules.
79

As a consequence of (4) _______ above social changes, the field There are sometimes disagreements about what is correct English
04

of education, in particular, the teaching and learning of languages and what is incorrect. 'Incorrect' grammar is often used in informal
1

has been influenced, as the traditional literacy pedagogy, which speech. Does that make it acceptable? John Eastwood, author of
00

emphasizes language as a central means of meaning, has been Oxford Guide do English Grammar says: "Where there is a differen-
1

challenged to expand beyond the skills of encoding and decoding ce between common usage and opinions about correctness, I have
21

texts. In this way, educators should draw on the Multiliteracies fra- pointed this out." This information is important for learners. In some
TO

mework and reconsider their instructional approaches in order to situations, it may be safer for them to use the form which is tradi-
EN

familiarize students, especially, foreign language learners, with the tionally seen as correct. The use of a correct form in an unsuitable
multimodal approach by accentuating the interplay of language context, however, can interfere with understanding just as much
IM

and image that are present in conventional and electronic texts. as a mistake. To help learners to use language which is appropria-
SC

Source: adapted from https://www.academia.edu/6247350/Strategic_re ading_in_multi- te for a given occasion, students must know that there are usages
NA

modal_EFL_texts. Access: March 24th , 2016. as formal, informal, literary and so on. Only one alternative has no
grammatical error. Which is it?
DO

45. The most suitable articles to fill up the blanks 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the
text 04, respectively are: a) Oxford is an university where many students dream to stu-
NO

dy.
a) a, the, a, the. b) They drive to the office yesterday.
I
ST

b) a, the, an, an. c) I've broken my watch last week so I don't know what time it
LE

c) an, the, a, an. is.

CE

d) a, an, an, the. d) He’s got some homework.

e) a, a , an, the. e) She’s got any job since last year.
US
TE

38
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
b) an; an; an.

TI
50. Observe the following sentences. c) a; an; a.

ES
I - […] one look at her Instagram account will reveal that she has d) an; a; an.
rock hard.

L
CE
II - A FBI agent testified Thursday. 54. Das alternativas abaixo, qual a única que admite a utilização do
III - […] and an honor to work with Andy Lincoln. artigo indefinido "an".

S
IV - […] in the world as a one-parent child.

EU
Choose the correct option according to the underlined items. a) University

AT
b) European

8M
a) The items I, II, and III, only. c) Hotel
b) The items I, II, and IV, only. d) Honest

79
c) The items I, III, and IV, only.

04
d) The items II and IV, only. 55.

01
10
51. Articles frequently accompany nouns. Choose the alternative

21
that presents a general and a specific article, respectively.

TO
a) the and of.

EN
b) the and an.
c) a and of.

IM
d) a and an. SC
e) a and the.
NA

52.
DO
O
IN
ST
LE
CE

Select the alternative that correctly fills the blanks in lines 01, 02,
03 and 05.
S
EU

a) a – an – the – the
AT

b) an – a – the – a
8M

c) an – an – a – the
d) the – a – an – an
79

e) the – the – a – an
104

Consider the sentence: “The Earth has already warmed by an ave- 56. Choose the only sentence in which the indefinite article has
00

rage of 1°C” (line 13). The article “the” is used been used correctly.
1
21

a) to refer to something which has already been mentioned. a) Wendy will meet an American businessmen tomorrow mor-
TO

b) to refer to people or objects that are unique. ning.

EN

c) to refer to a whole group of people or things. b) All the concierges have to wear a uniform at the Willard In-
d) with names of geographical areas, rivers, mountain ranges, terContinental hotel.
IM

groups of islands, canals, and oceans. c) Currently English and Spanish are a global languages.
SC

e)before superlatives and ordinal numbers. d) Spanish is an useful language at present.

NA

e) English is undoubtedly an universal language nowadays.

53. Choose the best option to complete the dialog below.
DO

57. Understand legal issues when using CBCT scans

A: Have you heard about the accident involving ____ NATO official? by Stuart J. Oberman, USA
NO

B: No. What happened?

A: I heard on ____ FM station that he was shot in his leg by a friend. Dentists are legally and ethically obligated to do no harm to
I
ST

B: That’s sad! their patients. Improper diagnosis after using a CBCT (cone-beam
LE

A: Yeah! It all happened in ____ European headquarter. computed tomography) does not align with this standard because
CE

delay of diagnosis leads to delay of treatment. This is not in the

a) a; a; an. best interest of the patient because it can lead to an inferior prog-
S

nosis. Also, not every patient requires a CBCT scan; therefore, it is

U
TE

39
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
the dentist’s responsibility to determine whether a CBCT scan is

TI
necessary by using reasonable, careful judgment in light of the

ES
patient’s medical and dental history and thorough examination. GABARITO
GABARITO
The dentist should do a cost-benefit analysis before requesting a

L
CE
CBCT scan. When doing so, the dentist should consider whether
APRENDIZAGEM
the likely benefit to the patient exceeds the ionizing radiation risk

S
and the financial cost. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A

EU
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. D

AT
Dentists’ scope of legal responsibility to diagnose
11. B 12. E 13. E 14. A 15. C

8M
When using CBCT, as with other diagnostic tools, the dentist’s
responsibility is not limited to the area of interest being diagnosed APROFUNDAMENTO

79
or treated. The treating dentist is legally responsible for diagnosing
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C

04
any disease that falls within the scope of the dentist’s license, which

01
is normally broad in scope, encompassing all diseases and lesions 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B

10
of the jaw and related structures. As for a dentist’s responsibility for 11. E 12. D 13. B 14. E 15. B

21
diagnosing a disease that falls outside the scope of the dentist’s
16. A 17. D 18. E 19. A 20. D
license, the answer is not clear. Thus, it is always a good idea to

TO
be cautious and assume the responsibility to recognize any abnor- 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. E 25. B

EN
mality that appears anywhere on the CBCT scan. If _____ dentist is
26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B
unsure of ____ scan results, he or she should consult with _______

IM
specialists in the field or refer ______ patient to ______ specialist. 31. E SC 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. A

36. E 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. A

NA

Fill in the blanks with the correct option.

41. C 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A
DO

a) a − the − ∅ − the − a 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. C

b) the − a − the − a − he 51. E 52. B 53. B 54. B 55. C
O

c) a − a − the − the − the

IN

56. B 57. A 58. D

d) the − the − the − a − a
ST

e) a − ∅ − ∅ − a − the
LE
CE

58. Read these sentences:

S

1. English is ______ international language.

EU

2. English is ______ useful language.

AT

3. English and Spanish are ______ important languages nowadays.

8M

The correct articles that complete these sentences are, respecti-

79

vely:
1 04

a) a / a / a
00

b) an / an / an.
1

c) a / a / an.
21

d) an / a / no article
TO

e) an / an / no article
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
INO
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

40
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
ES
a) (1) the – (2) an – (3) the
b) (1) the – (2) the – (3) a

L
CE
Read the text and answer the question: c) the – (2) a – (3) the
d) (1) a – (2) the – (3) a

S
Traditional American cake bars

EU
4. Select the alternative that best completes the extract below.

AT
Recipe:

8M
100g butter 1tsp. vanilla ½ tsp baking powder Workplace Accident Statistics
200g sugar ¼ tsp salt 100g chopped walnuts

79
2 eggs 100g flour 50g chocolate U Every year, millions of people in ___ United States are hurt on

04
Melt _____ chocolate and butter and mix carefully. the job. Each day 16 workers die from injuries at work and more

01
Add _____ sugar and mix again until smooth. Leave to cool. than 17,000 are injured. Accidents also cause the companies to

10
Add _____ eggs and vanilla and mix spend more. Last year, ___ total cost was more than $121 billion.

21
Add _____ flour, baking powder, and salt, and mix until well-
-combined. a) the – a c) the – an

TO
Stir in the walnuts. Put the mix in a cake tin and cook for 25min b) a – the d) the – the

EN
at 175°C. Eat with fruit or ice cream.
5. Choose the alternative that best completes the sentence

IM
1. Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks subsequently. below.
SC
NA

a) a – some – the – some Lucy rented _______ yellow car about ________ hour ago and
b) the – the – the – the lent it to_________ students.
DO

c) the – some – some – a

d) some – a – some – the. a) a – a – a d) a – a – the
O

b) the – the – the e) a – an – the

IN

2. Choose the alternative that correctly completes the senten- c) an – an – an

ST

ces according to the right use of articles:

LE

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

CE

I wrote__ letter to my friend yesterday. Today I saw_____ letter WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM

on ____dinner table. I forgot to post it.
S
EU

a) the - the – the d) a - a – the

4
AT

b) the - the – a e) a - the – the

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
8M

c) a -a –a
Rio de Janeiro
79
04

In a quick and decisive military sweep, Brazilian se- NUMBERS

1

curity forces seized control of this city’s most notorious slum

00

on Sunday, claiming victory in a weeklong battle against drug Números, unidades e medidas
1

gangs that has claimed dozens of lives.

21

Drug gangs have stained the reputation of this sea- Nos EUA são utilizadas unidades diferentes das que usamos no
TO

side city and contributed heavily to giving it one of the highest Brasil e as maneiras de escrever certos dados também não são
EN

murder rates in the world. For the past two years, (1) gover- iguais. O sistema métrico ainda é (relativamente) muito pouco
nment has carried out (2) ambitious campaign to pacify (3) utilizado nos EUA.
IM

most violent slums and regain control of the city in advance of

SC

the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympic Games. The police have Abaixo apresentamos algumas das diferenças mais comuns.
NA

since wrested more than three dozen communities from cri- Quando se trata de unidades de medida nos EUA, SEMPRE se
minal gangs, installing special community police forces there. certifique que você está se comunicando corretamente.
DO

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/world/ Ponto e vírgula

NO

americas/29brazil.html?_r=0 Nos EUA, na separação entre milhares utiliza-se a vírgula e no

decimal utiliza-se um ponto (oposto do que se usa no Brasil):
I
ST

3. Complete the text with the correct article.

LE

• 1,000 em português é "um".

CE

• 1,000 em inglês é "mil".

• 1.234 em português é "mil duzentos e trinta e quatro".
US
TE

41
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
• 1.234 em inglês é "um e duzentos e trinta e quatro milésimos". • 1 onça corresponde a 28,3 gramas.

TI
• Escreve-se "oz." e fala-se "ounces".

ES
Datas • Uma libra tem 16 onças.
Se a data é indicada de forma numérica, nos EUA escreve-se mês/ • Nos EUA uma tonelada tem 2.000 libras.

L
CE
dia/ano; no Brasil escrevemos dia/mês/ano. Geralmente quando • 1 short ton = 2.000 libras = 907,20 kg (usada nos EUA)
um formulário nos EUA pede uma data, estará indicado o forma- • 1 long ton = 2.240 libras = 1.016 kg

S
to. Por exemplo m/d/y ou mm/dd/yy, quer dizer mês/dia/ano; o • 1 tonelada métrica = 2.204,16 libras = 1.000 kg

EU
número de letras indica o número de caracteres (yy é 06, yyyy é Comprimento (medida linear)

AT
2006). Portanto, veja que: • Comprimento (inclusive a altura de uma pessoa) é medido em pés.

8M
• Um pé é "1 foot"; dois pés diz-se "2 feet".
• Nos EUA, 12 / 5 / 2008 é 5 de dezembro de 2008. • Uma polegada é um "inch".

79
• No Brasil, 12 / 5 / 2008 é 12 de maio de 2008. • Pé e escrito ft. ou '.

04
• • Polegada é escrito in. ou ".

01
• 1 pé = 1' = 12" = 30,48cm.

10
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES • 1 polegada = 1" = 2,54cm.

21
• 1 centímetro = 0,3937 polegadas (inches).
• 1 polegada = 2,54 centímetros.

TO
Tenha o hábito de SEMPRE escrever ou abreviar o nome do • 1 pé = 12 polegadas = 30,48 cm.

EN
mês COM LETRAS, em lugar de utilizar o número do mês: • 1 metro = 39,37 polegadas = 1,0936 jardas (yards).
• 5 / Nov / 2007 e Nov / 5 / 2007 significam a mesma coisa • 1 jarda = 3 pés = 36 polegadas = 0,9144 metros = 91,44

IM
no Brasil e nos EUA. centímetros.
SC
• Siglas em inglês: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep,
NA

Oct, Nov, Dec. Polegadas em frações

• Em inglês, escreva nomes e siglas de meses com a primeira • Muitas vezes nos EUA se utiliza frações em lugar de decimais
DO

letra maiúscula. (herança dos ingleses).

• Por exemplo, "duas polegadas e meia" pode estar escrito 2.5"
O

Precisão ou 2½".
IN

Ao fazer conversões entre o sistema métrico e outras medidas, • Cuidado, você pode encontrar (por exemplo) 51/2" ou 5 1/2";
ST

tenha sempre o cuidado de saber e observar o nível de precisão isso não é "51 dividido por 2", mas sim "5 polegadas e meia".
LE

desejado, pois muitas das fórmulas de conversão têm arredon- • Fitas métricas nos EUA dividem a polegada em 8 partes: 1/8
CE

damento. Se você precisa de grande precisão, veja os websites (0.125); 1/4 (0.250); 3/8 (0.375); 1/2 (0.500); 5/8 (0.625); 3/4
indicados ao final do capítulo. (0.750); 7/8 (0.875); 1 (1.000).
S
EU

Algumas unidades utilizadas nos EUA Volume

AT

Área (geográficas) • Volume de líquidos é medido em galões.

8M

• Áreas são indicadas em milhas quadradas (square miles). • Galões escreve-se "gallons" e abreviado "g" ou "gal.".
• 1 milha quadrada = 2,59 quilômetros quadrados. • O preço de gasolina (em postos) é expresso em dólares por galão.
79

• 1 milha = 1,61 quilômetros. • Um quarto de galão ("quart") é medida comum para alimentos
04

(leite, suco de laranja) e líquidos de utilização rotineira (óleo

1

Área (imóveis) de motor, tinta, etc.).

00

• Nos EUA, áreas de terrenos são expressas em "acres". • Um galão tem cerca de 3,8 litros (pouco menos que 4 litros).
1

• 1 acre = 43.560 pés quadrados = 4.046,82 m² • Um quarto de galão ("quart") tem 32 onças fluídas.
21

• Áreas construídas (de prédios, casas, galpões) são expressas em • Escrevendo: 1 qt. = 32 fl.oz. (fluid ounces).
TO

pés quadrados (square feet), que é indicado "sf", "s.f." ou "ft²". • Cuidado: um galão na Inglaterra é um pouco maior do que o
EN

• Tamanhos de prédios maiores (edifícios de escritórios, shopping galão americano.

centers) são indicados em milhares de pés quadrados.
IM

Distância
SC

Áreas (menores) • Distância é medida em milhas. Uma milha tem 1,6 km.
NA

• 1 cm² = 0,1550 polegadas quadradas (square inches). • 1 kilometro = 0,621 milhas (miles)
• 1 m² = 1,196 jardas quadradas (square yards). • 1 milha = 5.280 pés = 1,609 km = 1.609 metros
DO

• 1 m² = 10,764 pés quadrados (square feet). • 1 milha náutica = 6.076 pés = 1,852 km = 1.852 metros
NO

Peso Velocidade
• Peso em geral é medido em libras. • Velocidade de automóveis é expressa em milhas por hora.
I
ST

• Escreve-se lbs. mas fala-se "pounds". • Velocidade de barcos e aviões é expressa em nós (milhas
LE

• 1 lb = 453 gramas; 1 kg é aproximadamente 2,2 libras. náuticas por hora).

CE

• 1 libra (pound) = 0,45359237 kg

• Se você vai aos EUA, saiba seu peso em libras. Temperatura
S

• Peso de coisas pequenas é indicado em onças.

U
TE

42
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
• Temperatura é medida em graus "Fahrenheit" (indicado por ºF). one hundred
120

TI
212 ºF = 100 ºC e 32 ºF = 0 ºC. twenty
1.000 one thousand

ES
• Uma pessoa sente mais frio quando venta - nos EUA você
1.000.000 one million
encontra a expressão "wind chill", que é a temperatura aparente.

L
CE
• Se você está indo para os EUA no inverno, leve o frio a sério. No
norte dos EUA, o inverno é mais frio do que seu congelador!

S
• Tempo nos EUA: visite www.weather.com.
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

EU
AT
Websites úteis para conversões Como se vê no caso dos números 21 e 22, a partir do 20 (twen-

8M
ty), formam-se os outros números em inglês por justaposição.
Em português: visite o website do INMETRO.

79
04
Para itens muito especializados: http://n93.cs.fiu.edu/measures.Outro

01
Outro website excelente: www.convert-me.com/en. Escolha uma ca-

10
tegoria, coloque a quantidade na unidade que você tem, e você Veja mais exemplos:

21
terá o valor equivalente nas outras unidades. As categorias são:
• 28 - Twenty-eight

TO
• Peso e Massa (Weight and Massa) • 47 - Forty-seven

EN
• Distância e comprimento (Distance and Length) • 102 - One hundred-two
• Capacidade e Volume (Capacity and Volume) • 263 - Two hundred, sixty-three

IM
• Área (Area) bullet Velocidade (Speed) • 1002 - One thousand-two
SC
• Temperatura (Temperature) • 3627 - Three thousand, six-hundred, twenty-seven.
NA

• Tempo (Time)
• Pressão (Pressure) Números Cardinais - Cardinal Numbers
DO

• Energia, Trabalho, Torque (Energy, Work, Torque)

• Potência (Power) - Em inglês os números entre 13 (thirteen) e 19 (nineteen) pos-
O

• Medidas Circulares (Circular Measure) suem a terminação -teen, que corresponde à sílaba tônica (a mais
IN

• Armazenagem de Computador (Computer Storage) marcada na pronúncia) do número.

ST

• Quilometragem (Mileage) - Para formarmos os números maiores que vinte (twenty), colo-
LE

camos primeiro as dezenas, seguidas das unidades. Utilizamos um

CE

1 one hífen para unirmos as unidades às dezenas, tanto com os números

2 two cardinais como com os ordinais . Os números entre 20 (twenty)
S

3 three e 99 (ninety-nine) possuem terminação -ty e nunca terão esta

EU

4 four sílaba como tônica.

AT

5 five
6 six
8M

Na lista a seguir, os números em vermelho são os que não seguem

7 seven
exatamente o padrão regular:
8 eight
79

9 nine
04

10 ten
1

11 eleven 0- zero/ nought *

00

12 twelve
1

13 thirteen 1- one 11- eleven 21-twenty-one 31-thirty-one

21

14 fourteen
TO

15 fifteen 2- two 12- twelve 22-twenty-two 32-thirty-two

16 sixteen
EN

17 seventeen 3- three 13- thirteen 23-twenty-three 33-thirty-three

IM

18 eighteen
SC

19 nineteen
4- four 14- fourteen 24-twenty-four 34-thirty-four
20 twenty
NA

21 twenty one
30 thirty 5- five 15- fifteen 25-twenty-five 35- thirty-five
DO

31 thirty one
40 forty 6- six 16- sixteen 26- twenty-six 36- thirty-six
NO

50 fifty
60 sixty 7- seven 17- seventeen 27-twenty-seven 37-thirty-seven
I
ST

70 seventy
LE

80 eighty 8- eight 18- eighteen 28-twenty-eight 38-thirty-eight

90 ninety
CE

100 one hundred

US
TE

43
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
9- nine 19- nineteen 29- twenty-nine 39- thirty-nine 2000 - two thousand

ES
2002 - two thousand and two

L
CE
10- ten 20- twenty 30- thirty 40- forty 5899 - five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-nine
7384 - seven thousand, three hundred and eighty-four

S
9961 - nine thousand, nine hundred and sixty-one

EU
10 - ten 40 - forty 70 - seventy

AT
10,000 (dez mil) - ten thousand

8M
20 - twenty 50 - fifty 80 - eighty 50,000 (cinquenta mil) - fifty thousand
100,000 (cem mil) - a/one hundred thousand

79
30 - thirty 60 - sixty 90 - ninety 1,000,000 (um milhão) - a/one million

04
2,000,000 (dois milhões) - two million

01
Em inglês a pontuação dos números é diferente da nossa: onde 1,000,000,000 (um bilhão) - a/one billion

10
usamos vírgula, utiliza-se ponto e onde usamos ponto, utiliza-se 1,000,000,000,000 (um trilhão) - a/one trillion

21
vírgula. Exemplos:
O número "0" é conhecido por nought (ou naught) no inglês bri-

TO
tânico e por zero no inglês americano.
Português Inglês

EN
1.000 (mil) 1,000 (one/a thousand) 1) Nought (ou naught) refere-se ao número em si, a uma idade,

IM
1.000.000 (um milhão) 1,000,000 (one/a million) etc: SC
1.000.000.000 (um bilhão) 1,000,000,000 (one/a billion)
NA

A million is written with six noughts. (Um milhão é escrito com

3,1415 (pi) 3.1415 seis zeros.)
DO

0,5 (zero vírgula cinco) 0.5 (nought/oh point five)

2) Zero é empregado em contextos precisos, como por exemplo
O

R$ 2.770,50 US$ 1,345.50

o científico, médico e econômico e também para falar de tem-
IN

peraturas (neste último caso, tanto no inglês britânico como no

ST

A ou one? Com números a partir de cem, é possível optar por falar americano): zero inflation/growth/profit (inflação/crescimen-
LE

de duas formas: com a (um = artigo indefinido) ou com one (um = to/lucro zero)
CE

numeral) no início do número. One é mais formal e preciso e pode

enfatizar o valor. Compare os dois exemplos: OBS: Ao contário do que ocorre no português, em inglês zero é
S

The total cost was one hundred and sixty pounds exactly. (valor seguido de um substantivo no plural:
EU

exato) Zero degrees Celsius is thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. (Zero grau

AT

It cost about a hundred and fifty quid. (valor aproximado) Celsius equivale a trinta e dois graus Fahrenheit.)
8M

100 - a/one hundred 3) A pontuação zero em partidas/jogos é chamado de nil (britâni-

79

200 - two hundred co - equivalente a zerono inglês americano):

04

300 - three hundred Newcastle beat Leeds four nil/by four goals to nil. (Newcastle ga-
1

400 - four hundred nhou do Leeds por quatro a zero.)

00

500 - five hundred

1

600 - six hundred OBS: Nil também significa nothing/nothing at all (nada):
21

700 - seven hundred The doctors rated her chances as nil = there was no chances. (Os
TO

800 - eight hundred médicos avaliaram suas chances como zero = não havia
EN

900 - nine hundred chances.)

IM

101 - a/one hundred and one 4) Oh (pronunciado como a letra o em inglês - /ou/) é utilizado
SC

110 - a/one hundred and ten quando ditamos um número de cada vez, principalmente ao falar-
NA

233 - two hundred and thirty-three mos números de telefone.

268 - two hundred and sixty-eight My account number is four one three oh six. (O número da mi-
DO

350 - three hundred and fifty nha conta é quatro um três zero seis.)
409 - four hundred and nine
NO

540 - five hundred and forty Números Ordinais- Ordinal Numbers

790 - seven hundred and ninety
I
ST

Os Ordinal Numbers indicam a ordem ou lugar do ser numa de-

LE

1000 - a/one thousand terminada série. À exceção de first (primeiro), second (segundo),
CE

1001 - a/one thousand and one third (terceiro) e os números que os contêm em sua grafia, os nú-
1010 - a/one thousand and ten meros ordinais são formados com a adição do sufixo -th.
US
TE

44
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
sixty-seventh

TI
A abreviação dos Ordinal Numbers é feita acrescentando-se

ES
ao número as duas últimas letras de sua forma extensa. 205th – two hundred and fifth
Por exemplo: 440th – four hundred and fortieth

L
CE
SAYING THE TIME

S
Abreviação Por extenso What time is it?

EU
AT
1st first

8M
2nd second

79
04
3rd third

01
10
4th fourth

21
5th fifth

TO
EN
9th ninth

IM
12th twelfth Existem diversas maneiras de perguntar as horas a alguém. As mais
SC
comuns são:
NA

21st twenty-first
• What time is it? / Que horas são?
DO

30th thirtieth • What’s the time? / Qual é a hora? (Inglês britânico)

• Have you got the time? / Você tem horas?
O

50th fiftieth • Could you tell me the time? / Poderia me dizer as horas?
IN
ST

62nd sixty-second Também é bastante comum no inglês britânico as seguintes ma-

LE

neiras:
CE

73rd seventy-third
• What time do you make it? (Que horas você tem?)
S

85th eighty-fifth • What do you make the time? (Que horas você tem?)
EU
AT

99th ninety-ninth
8M

Horas em inglês: como responder?

133th (one/a) hundred and thirty-third Algumas expressões são importantes para as horas em inglês, po-
79

rém não existe apenas uma maneira de expressar a hora, veja a

04

518th five hundred and eighteenth diferença.

1
00

INGLÊS INGLÊS
1

Na grafia da abreviação, as duas últimas letras podem ser elevadas: HORA

21

AMERICANO BRITÂNICO
TO

7:20 It’s seven twenty It’s twenty past seven

EN

8:10 It’s eight ten It’s ten past eight

IM
SC

10:15 It’s ten fifteen It’s a quarter past ten

NA
DO

6:30 It’s six thirty It’s half past six

NO

Quando lemos ou escrevemos por extenso os números ORDINAIS 1:02 It’s one oh two It’s two past one
apenas o último algarismo vai para a forma ordinal:
I
ST

11:35 It’s eleven thirty-five It’s twenty -five to

LE

21º - vigésimo primeiro = 21st - twenty-first twelve

CE

72º - septuagésimo segundo = 72nd - seventy-second

167º - centésimo sexagésimo sétimo = 167th - one hundred and
US
TE

45
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
nico )

TI
3:40 It’s three forty It’s twenty to four

ES
• 3:30 – It’s half past three!
5:45 It’s five forty-five It’s a quarter to six • 5:30 – It’s half past five!

L
CE
• 9:30 – It’s half past nine!
2: 58 It’s two fifty-eight It’s two to three

S
Horas em inglês: “Am” ou “Pm”?

EU
4:00 It’s four o’clock It’s four o’clock

AT
Diferente do Brasil, as horas em inglês não usam expressões como

8M
"O’clock": usado para horas fechadas. "13 horas", "14 horas", e assim por diante. Na língua inglesa, são as
expressões “am” e “pm” que indicam se o horário informado é ma-

79
• 11:00 – It’s eleven o’clock! nhã ou tarde.

04
• 8:00 – It's eight o’clock!

01
• 2:00 – It’s two o’clock! • AM: indica quando o horário é antes do meio dia.

10
• PM: indica o horário é após o meio dia.

21
Para dizer as horas em inglês da forma “americana”, a gente só
precisa seguir essa estrutura: as horas + os minutos — assim como Exemplo:

TO
no português! • I wake up at 9 pm. / Eu acordo às 9 da noite

EN
• I wake up at 9 am. / Eu acordo às 9 da manhã.
• 6:25 – It’s six twenty-five

IM
• 8:11 – It’s eight eleven OBS: Fique atento: usar as expressões “am” e “pm” nas horas em in-
SC
• 3:35 – It’s three thirty-five glês não é obrigatório. Seu uso só será obrigatório quando houver
NA

a possibilidade de confusão.
Para dizer as horas em inglês da forma “britânica”, precisamos usar
DO

a palavra PAST de 01 a 29 minutos, que significa que tantos minutos Expressões de tempo.
se passaram após certa hora. ESTRUTURA: minuto + past + hora . Quando se tratar dos horários a partir de 12 horas, do dia e da noite,
O

4:18 – It’s eighteen past four: Passaram 18 minutos desde às 4. podem ser usadas as seguintes expressões: “Midnight” para meio
IN

noite e “noon / midday” para meio dia.

ST

• 7:20 – It’s twenty past seven!

LE

• 6:20 - It's twenty past six. Algumas expressões de tempo podem acompanhar as horas em
CE

• 8:10 - It's ten past eight inglês.

S

MAS dos 31 aos 59 minutos, usamos a palavra TO para dizer que • Day: dia;
EU

faltam tantos minutos para a hora seguinte. • Today: hoje;

AT

2:35 – It’s twenty-five to three: 25 para às 3. • Yesterday: ontem;

8M

• The day before yesterday: anteontem;

• 6:53 – It’s senven to senven • Tomorrow: amanhã;
79

• 5:31 – It’s twenty – nine to six • The day after tomorrow: depois de amanhã;
04

• 9:46 - It’s fourteen to ten • Morning: manhã;

1

• Afternoon: tarde;
00

Algumas expressões são usadas para falar sobre hora. • Evening: noite;
1

• Night: noite;
21

“Quarter”: quer dizer um quarto de hora, ou seja “15 minutos”. ( • Tonight: esta noite;
TO

usado no inglês britânico ) • Midday: meio-dia;

EN

• At noon: ao meio-dia;
• Midnight: meia noite;
IM

• 7:45 - It's a quarter to eight • At midnight: à meia-noite.

SC

• 10:45 - It's a quarter to eleven

NA

• 2:15 - It's a quarter past two NUMBER CARDINAL ORDINAL

1 one first
DO

“Oh”: usado para minutos do 1 até o 9. ( usado no inglês americano ) 2 two second
3 three third
NO

• 1:02 – It’s one oh two! 4 four fourth

• 4:05 – It’s four oh five! 5 five fifth
I
ST

6 six sixth
• 8:09 – It’s eight oh nine!
7 seven seventh
LE

8 eight eighth
CE

9 nine ninth
“Half”: quer dizer meia hora ,“30 minutos”. ( usado no inglês britâ- 10 ten tenth
US
TE

46
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
11 eleven eleventh • 6:20 – It is six twenty ou It is twenty past six.

TI
12 twelve twelfth • 8:10 – It is eight ten ou It is ten past eight.

ES
13 thirteen thirteenth A expressão “a quarter” é usada para indicar um quarto de hora
14 fourteen fourteenth (15 minutos):

L
CE
15 fifteen fifteenth Exemplos:
16 sixteen sixteenth
• 3:15 – It is three fifteen ou It is a quarter past three.

S
17 seventeen seventeenth
• 8:15 – It is eight fifteen ou It is a quarter past eight.

EU
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth A expressão “half past” é usada para indicar meia hora (30 minu-

AT
20 twenty twentieth tos):

8M
21 twenty-one twenty-first Exemplos:
22 twenty-two twenty-second • 8:30 – It is eight thirty ou It is half past eight.

79
23 twenty-three twenty-third • 11:30 – It is eleven thirty ou It is half past eleven.

04
24 twenty-four twenty-fourth Note que depois dos 30 minutos, em vez da expressão “past”, uti-

01
25 twenty-five twenty-fifth lizamos o “to”:
26 twenty-six twenty-sixth

10
Exemplos:
27 twenty-seven twenty-seventh

21
• 8.45 – It is eight forty-five ou It is a quarter to nine.
28 twenty-eight twenty-eighth
• 8.50 – It is eight fifty ou It is ten to nine.
29 twenty-nine twenty-ninth

TO
30 thirty thirtieth Pay Attention!

EN
31 thirty one thirty-first Utilizamos as expressões a.m. e p.m. para indicar quando o horário
40 forty fortieth em inglês ocorre antes ou

IM
50 fifty fiftieth depois de meio-dia.
SC
60 sixty sixtieth a.m. – antes do meio-dia
NA

70 seventy seventieth p.m. – depois do meio-dia

80 eighty eightieth Exemplos:
DO

90 ninety ninetieth • 9:00 – It’s nine a.m. ou It’s nine o’clock in the morning. (São nove
100 one hundred hundredth
da manhã.)
O

500 five hundred five hundredth

• 10:00 – It’s ten p.m. ou It’s ten o’clock in the evening (São dez da
IN

1,000 one thousand thousandth

noite.)
ST

one thousand five hun- one thousand five hun-

1,500
dred dredth
LE

100,000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth

1,000,000 one million
CE

millionth

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
S

Reading fractions
EU

Written Said
AT

1/3 one third 1. Write the numbers:

3/4 three fourths
8M

1) 8. ______________________________
5/6 five sixths
2) 14. ______________________________
1/2 one half
79

3) 15. ______________________________
3/2 three halves
04

Pronouncing percentages 4)18. ______________________________

1

Written Pronounced 5) 3. _______________________________

00

5% five percent 6) 25. ______________________________

1

25% twenty-five percent 7) 34. ______________________________

21

36.25% thirty-six point two five percent 8) 41. ______________________________

TO

100% one hundred percent

9) 52. ______________________________
400% four hundred percent
EN

Pronouncing measurements 10) 63. ______________________________

Written Spoken 11) 75. ______________________________
IM

60m sixty meters 12) 88. ______________________________

SC

25km/h twenty-five kilometers per hour 13) 94. ______________________________

11ft eleven feet
NA

14) 101. ______________________________

2L two liters
15) 112. ______________________________
3tbsp three tablespoons
DO

16) 250. _____________________________

1tsp one teaspoon
17) 352. _____________________________
NO

A expressão “o’clock” é utilizada para indicar as horas exatas: 18) 554. _____________________________
Exemplos: 19) 1,010. ____________________________
I
ST

• 3:00 – It is three o’clock. 20) 2,687. ____________________________

LE

• 9:00 – It is nine o’clock. 21) 10,869. ___________________________

CE

A expressão “past” é usada para indicar os minutos antes do 30: 22) 54,698. ___________________________
Exemplos: 23) 100,548. __________________________
US
TE

47
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
24) 356,927. __________________________

TI
25) 5,683,988. _________________________

ES
26) 789,847,542. _______________________
27) 2,584,224,557 ______________________

L
CE
S
EU
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO

AT
a) It is twenty past three.

8M
b) It is twenty to three.
1. (AFA - 2001) What’s the right answer for the numerical expres- c) It is twenty to two.

79
sions below? d) It is twenty past two.

04
01
6. What time is it?

10
21
TO
a) One fives / two thirty-five / sixteen fifteen

EN
b) One five / two and third fifth / sixteen fifteens
c) One fifth / two and three fifths / sixteen fifteenths

IM
d) First fifths / second thirty-five / sixteenth fifteenths SC
NA

2. (EEAR - 2014) The numbers 12 th and 25 th, underlined in the text, a)It is two past five.
are, respectively: b) It is five past two.
DO

c) It is two to five.
a) twelve / twenty-fifth c) twelve / twentieth-fifth d) It is five o'clock.
O

b) twelfth / twenty-fifth d) twelfth / twentieth-five

IN

7. What time is it?

ST
LE

3. What time is it?

CE
S
EU
AT
8M

a) It is a quarter past four.

b) It is a quarter past three.
79

c) It is a quarter to two.
04

a) It is half past eight. d) It is a quarter to four.

1

b) It is a quarter past eight.

00

c) It is a quarter to eight. 8. What time is it?

1

d) It is fifteen to eight.
21
TO

4. What time is it?

EN
IM
SC
NA

a) It is half past eleven.

DO

b) It is half past ten.

a) It is half past four. c) It is half to eleven.
NO

b) It is half to four. d) It is thirty to ten.

c) It is half past three.
I
ST

d) It is six past three. 9. What time is it?

LE
CE

5. What time is it?

US
TE

48
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
L ES
CE
S
EU
a) quarter past six

AT
a) It is twenty-three to eleven. b) half past four

8M
b) It is twenty-three to ten. c) quarter to six
c) It is twenty-three past eleven. d) half past seven

79
d) It is twenty-three past ten.

04
15. I eat breakfast at _____.

01
10. What time is it?

10
21
TO
EN
a) half past four

IM
b) half past six
SC
a) It is twelve past three. c) half past five
NA

b) It is three o'clock. d) half past seven

c) It is past three o'clock.
DO

d) It is three o'clock past. 16. I got to school at ______.

O

11. It is sixteen to eleven.

IN
ST

a) 10.16
LE

b) 11.16
CE

c) 10.44
d) 11.44 a) seven o'clock
S

b) eight o'clock
EU

12. It is eight past ten. c) six o'clock

AT

d) twelve o'clock
8M

a) 08.10
b) 07.52 17. The ordinal form for the number ninety (line 05), in the text, is
79

c) 08.52
04

d) 10.08 a) ninth
1

b) nineth
00

13. I wake up at ____. c) ninetieth

1

d) nineteenth
21
TO

18. The numbers 12 th and 25 th, underlined in the text, are, res-
EN

pectively:
IM

a) twelve / twenty-fifth
SC

b) twelfth / twenty-fifth
NA

a) six o'clock c) twelve / twentieth-fifth

b) five o'clock d) twelfth / twentieth-five
DO

c) half past five

d) half past six 19. “a hundred thousand”, (line 9), is expressed in number as:
NO

14. I take a shower at _____. a) 100,000

I
ST

b) 1,000,000
LE

c) 10,000,000
CE

d) 100,000,000
US
TE

49
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
20. The correspondent ordinal forms for the numbers 60, 30 and

TI
90 are, respectively:

ES
a) a sixth / third / ninth

L
CE
b) sixty / thirty / ninety
c) sixtieth / thirtieth / ninetieth

S
d) sixteenth / thirteenth / nineteenth

EU
AT
21. Which number is spelt incorrectly? Choose the INCORRECT

8M
answer.

79
a) Third (3rd)

04
b) Twelfth (12th)

01
c) Seventeenth (17th)

10
d) Twenty Ninteh (29th )

21
22. The (in)appropriate speaker model?

TO
EN
"Anyone working in the field of English as a Lingua Franca (hen-
ceforth ELF) has to face sooner rather than later a serious contra-

IM
diction: that despite the widespread acceptance of the extensive SC
role of English as an international lingua franca and its increasing
NA

number of functions in this respect, there is still an almost equally

widespread resistance to this lingua franca’s forms. Given the well-
DO

-established sociolinguistic fact that languages are shaped by their

users, and that nowadays “native speakers are in a minority for [En-
O

glish] language use” (Brumfit 2001, 116), it would make sense for 23. In “We are helping UNIQLO grow by 350%.”, 350% is read
IN

English language teaching to move away from its almost exclusive

ST

focus on native varieties of English. This suggestion always meets, a) three hundred fifty percent.
LE

however, with strong resistance from many quarters, and this is b) thirty-five hundred percent.
CE

particularly so in the case of accent. The result is that two parti- c) thirty-five thousand percent.
cular native speaker English accents, Received Pronunciation (RP) d) three thousand and five hundred percent.
S

and General American (GA), continue to command special status

EU

around the English speaking world including international/lingua 24. Poverty

AT

franca communication contexts where sociolinguistic common Joan Saslow and Allen Ascher
8M

sense indicates that they are inappropriate and irrelevant." Approximately one-fifth of the world’s population, over one billion
people, earns less than US$ 1.00 a day. Each day, over a billion pe-
79

Source: adapted from: JENKINS, J. (Un)pleasant? (In)correct? (Un)Intelligible? ELF Spe- ople in the world lack basic food supplies. And each day, 35,000
04

akers' perceptions of their accents. In: MAURANEN, Anna and RANTA, Elina (Ed.).English children under the age of five die of starvation or preventable in-
1

as a Lingua Franca:Studies and Findings. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pu- fectious disease.
00

blishing, 2009, p.10-35. Top Notch 3 - Pearson Longman 2006

1

The written form of the number in bold is _____________.

21

In the text 06, the numbers "116” (line 14) and "35" (in the reference),
TO

are, in compliance with Bristish usage, written respectively as: a) thirteen five thousand
EN

b) thirty-five thousand
a) one hundred and sixteen; thirty - five. c) thirty-five hundred
IM

b) a hundred sixteen; thrity five. d) three five hundred

SC

c) one hundred and sixtyeen; thirty five.

NA

d) a hundred sixty; third - five. 25. Choose the best alternative for the written form of 137th.
e) one - hundred sixteen; thirty – five.
DO

a) hundredth thirtieth seventh.

b) one hundred thirty seven.
NO

c) one hundred thirty seventh.

d) a hundred thirteen seventy.
I
ST
LE

26. Ordinal numbers are formed by adding –th to the cardinal

CE

number, but there are exceptions like 1 st – first, 2 sd - second.

Complete the blanks:
S

3 _A_ – third ; 4 th – fourth ; 5 th - _B_ ; 6 th - _C_ ; 8 th - _D_ ; 20

U
TE

50
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
th - _E_ 33. Em relação aos números do inglês, assinale a opção incorreta:

TI
ES
a) A. th; B. fiveth; C. sixth; D. eightth; E. twenth a) Em Inglês, o número 120.000 é escrito como 120,000.
b) A. rd; B. fifth; C. sixth; D. eighth; E. twelfth b) Em Inglês, o número 120,000 pode ser lido como one hun-

L
CE
c) A. th; B. fifyth; C. sixth; D. eighyth; E. twelth dred and twenty thousand ou a hundred and twenty thou-
d) A. rd; B. fifth; C. sixth; D. eighth; E. twentieth sand.

S
c) Assim como no Português, a casa dos milhares é pronun-

EU
27. About the topic "hours in English", Check the correct alternative; ciada no plural. Dessa forma, em inglês, 4,000 é lido como

AT
four thousands.

8M
a) As abreviações a.m. e p.m. são de uso obrigatório. d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.
b) It’s one o’clock e it’s one p.m. são formas equivalentes.

79
c) As estruturas At six e by six são utilizadas de forma inter- 34. Em relação aos números do inglês, como pronunciar, presen-

04
cambiável. cialmente, o número 6,300,100?

01
d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.

10
a) Six hundred million, three hundred thousand, one hundred.
28. These are ways to ask the time in English, except

21
b) Six hundred million, three hundred thousand, and one hun-
dred.

TO
a) What time is it? c) Six hundred million and three hundred thousand, and one

EN
b) What time is it by your watch? hundred.
c) Have you got the time? d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.

IM
d) Have you got the time are you? SC
35. Em relação aos números do inglês, assinale a opção incorreta:
NA

29. Regarding the hours in English, it is not possible to state that

a) A preposição of pode ser utilizada atrelada a números ex-
DO

a) Em frases nas quais afirma-se as horas, o pronome pessoa it pressivos como centenas, milhares em milhões.
é comumente utilizado. b) A palavra and é comumente utilizada após a palavra hun-
O

b) Em Inglês, é possível utilizar tanto o sistema 12 quanto 24. dred como em three hundred and sixteen.
IN

c) As abreviaturas a.m. (ante meridiem) e p.m. (post meridiem) c) A million é equivalente a one million.
ST

significam antes do meio dia e após o meio dia, respecti- d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores.
LE

vamente.
CE

d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores. 36. Em relação aos números do inglês, como pronunciar o valor
$1.89?
S

30. Check the incorrect alternative .

EU

a) one dollar eighty-nine cents.

AT

a) It’s a quarter to seven pode ser representada, numerica- b) one dollar and eighty-nine cents.
8M

mente, como 07:15 c) one eighty-nine.

b) It’s six twenty é equivalente a It’s twenty past six. d) Todas as respostas anteriores.
79

c) Meio dia, em inglês, é midday, twelve noon ou simplesmente

04

noon. 37. Como se diz "2014" e "2015" em inglês?

1

d) Em paralelo ao uso das abreviaturas a.m. e p.m., cabe o uso

00

dos termos in the morning e in the evening. a) Two thousand fourteen / two thousand fifty
1

b) Two thousand forty / two thousand fifteen

21

31. In which sequence of numbers there is a problem of spelling? c) Two thousand fourteen / two thousand fifteen
TO

Choose the INCORRECT answer. d) Two hundred fourteen / two hundred fifteen
EN

a) Second – Twelveth – Twentieth

IM

b) Fourth – Fourteenth – Fortieth

SC

c) Fifth – Fifteenth – Fiftieth

NA

d) Ninth – Nineteenth – Ninetieth

DO

32. How is the number 23 written as an ordinal number? Choose

the CORRECT answer. (Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers)
NO

a) Twenty three.
I
ST

b) Twentieth third.
LE

c) Twentieth three.
CE

d) Twenty third.
US
TE

51
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
ES
GABARITO
GABARITO

L
CE
1. The correct way of writing the cardinal number 30,000 using
APRENDIZAGEM
words is __________.

S
1.

EU
1) Eight a) third thousand c) thirteen thousand

AT
2) Fourteen b) thirty thousand d) thirtieth thousand

8M
3) Fifteen
4) Eighteen 2. Choose the best alternative for the written form of “1844”.

79
5) Three

04
6) Twenty-five. a) eight fourty – four

01
7) Thirty-four. b) one eight four four

10
8) Forty-one. c) eighteen forty-four

21
9) Fifty-two. d) eighteen fourth-four
10) Sixty-three.

TO
11) Seventy-five. 3. The numbers “70 and 100” (line 18), are expressed in English

EN
12) Eighty-eight. as
13) Ninety-four.

IM
14) One hundred and one. a) seventy and a hundred
SC
15) One hundred and twelve. b) seventy and a thousand
NA

16) Two hundred and fifty. c) seventeen and a hundred

17) Three hundred and fifty-two. d) seventeen and a thousand
DO

18) Five hundred and fifty-four.

19) One thousand and ten. 4. What`s another way of saying “It`s seven forty-five”?
O

20) Two thousand, six hundred and eighty-seven.

IN

21) Ten thousand, eight hundred and sixty-nine. a) It`s a quarter after eight.
ST

22) Fifty-four thousand, six hundred and ninety-eight. b) It`s seven thirty.
LE

23) One hundred thousand, five hundred and forty-eight. c) It`s a quarter to eight.
CE

24) Three hundred and fifty-six thousand, nine hundred and d) It`s seven o`clock.
twenty-seven.
S

25) Five million, six hundred and eighty-three thousand, nine 5. “(b) half of the young people interviewed said that they su-
EU

hundred and eighty-eight. ffer bullying” (lines 13-14), the underlined expression represents
AT

26) Seven hundred and eighty-nine million, eight hundred and

8M

forty-seven thousand, five hundred and forty-two. a) twenty-five percent of. c) ten percent of.
27) Two billion, five hundred and eighty-four million, two hun- b) a hundred percent of. d) fifty percent of.
79

dred and twenty-four thousand, five hundred and fifty-seven.

04

6. “Websterts dictionary is now in its 11th edition.” The full form

1

of the underlined item is

00
1

APROFUNDAMENTO a) eleven. c) eleventh

21

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D b) eleventy. d) elevent.
TO

6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B
EN

11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. B

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM
IM

16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM

SC

21. D 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C

NA

[
26. D 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A
DO

31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D

36. D 37. C
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

52
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
é para os casos em que temos compostos com and. Se a função

TI
for de sujeito, pronome reto depois de and. Se for de objeto, pro-
CAPÍTULO

ES
CAPÍTULO nome oblíquo.

L
CE
You and I will arrange the party.
PRONOUNS Você e eu organizaremos a festa.

S
EU
Personal Pronouns This report belongs to you and me.

AT
Este relatório pertence a você e a mim.

8M
Exercem função de sujeito (subject pronouns – pronomes retos) ou
de objeto (object pronouns – pronomes oblíquos). É importante observar o uso do pronome you como expletivo.

79
04
Subject pronouns You fool!

01
Seu tolo!

10
Exercem na frase função de sujeito, vindo antes do verbo principal,
Hey, you big guy!

21
portanto.
Ei, garotão!

TO
- Singular

EN
O pronome it é usado em todas as formas impessoais ou de sujeito
1a Pessoa I eu indeterminado.

IM
2a Pessoa you tu, você SC
3a Pessoa he ele It’s snowing!
NA

she ela Está nevando!

it ele, ela [Neutro/Impessoal]
DO

- Plural Who’s it?

Quem é?
O

1a Pessoa we nós
IN

2a Pessoa you vós, vocês If I had a baby/child, it would receive the best of me.
ST

3a Pessoa they eles, elas Se eu tivesse um filho, ele receberia o melhor de mim.
LE
CE

Object Pronouns Os pronomes femininos são utilizados para se referirem a embar-

cações.
S

Fazem função de objeto na frase. Devem, portanto, ser pospostos a

EU

verbos principais ou preposições. When the Titanic sank in 1912, she was the biggest ship at that time.
AT

Quando o Titanic afundou em 1912, ele era o maior navio naquela

8M

- Singular época.
79

1a Pessoa me me, mim É possível o uso dos pronomes masculinos e femininos para referi-
04

2a Pessoa you você rem-se a coisas, objetos ou animais, desde que haja uma relação
1

3a Pessoa him o, lhe de afeto, estima.

00

her a, lhe
1

it o, a, lhe [N/I] I love my cat. He is really very smart.

21

Eu adoro meu gato. Ele é realmente muito esperto.

TO

- Plural
EN

I have a stamp collection. I cannot live without her.

1a Pessoa us nos Eu tenho uma coleção de selos. Não consigo viver sem ela.
IM

2a Pessoa you vocês

SC

3a Pessoa them os, as, lhes Possessives

NA

I saw you running at the beach last Sunday. Servem para estabelecer relações de posse, autoria e parentesco.
DO

Eu o vi correndo na praia domingo passado.

Possessive Adjectives
NO

He invited us to his wedding.

Ele nos convidou para o casamento dele. Como o próprio nome sugere, pronomes possessivos adjetivos são
I
ST

aqueles usados obrigatoriamente antes de um substantivo.

LE

They met her at the airport.

CE

Eles a encontraram no aeroporto. - Singular

S

É fundamental reconhecer a função do pronome na frase. Esta dica

U
TE

53
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
1a Pessoa my meu(s), minha(s)

TI
2a Pessoa your seu(s), sua(s) She’s in her/your bedroom.

ES
3a Pessoa his dele Ela está no quarto dela./Ela está no seu quarto.
her dela

L
CE
its dele, dela [N/I] Para indicar posse para pronomes indefinidos (somebody, anybody
- Plural etc.) devemos lembrar que eles pertencem à 3a pessoa do singular

S
e que prevalece o uso do pronome masculino – his.

EU
1a Pessoa our nosso(s)

AT
2a Pessoa your seus, suas, de vocês Anyone who drives his car at 100 miles an hour is asking for trouble.

8M
3a Pessoa their deles, delas Qualquer um que dirija a mais de 160 km por hora está pedindo
para ter problemas.

79
Possessive Pronouns

04
Em inglês, é proibido o uso do artigo definido (the) antes de pos-

01
Já que são pronomes “puros”, substituem o nome, não admi- sessivos. (Ver Artigos)

10
tindo, portanto, que apareça depois deles o substantivo, pois
este já foi referido anteriormente na frase. This is my car.

21
Este é o meu carro.

TO
- Singular

EN
Uma construção muito comum usando o pronome possessivo é:
1a Pessoa mine meu(s), minha(s) A/AN + SUBSTANTIVO + OF + PRONOME POSSESSIVO.

IM
2a Pessoa yours seu(s), sua(s) SC
3a Pessoa his dele He’s a very good friend of mine.
NA

hers dela Ele um bom amigo meu.

its dele, dela [N/I]
DO

- Plural Reflexive Pronouns

O

1a Pessoa ours nosso(s) São utilizados para denotar ou que o sujeito sofre a ação, ou que
IN

2a Pessoa yours seus, suas, de vocês a praticou sozinho, sem auxílio de outrem (precedido da partícula
ST

3a Pessoa theirs deles, delas by), ou ainda apenas para dar ênfase.
LE
CE

That is my book. - Singular

Esse é o meu livro. 1a Pessoa myself eu mesmo
S

2a Pessoa yourself tu/você mesmo

EU

Her dress is very beautiful. 3a Pessoa himself ele mesmo

AT

O vestido dela é muito bonito. Herself ela mesma

8M

Itself ele(a) mesmo(a) [N/I]

This hat is odd, but his is fine. - Plural
79

Este chapéu é estranho, mas o dele é legal.

04

1a Pessoa ourselves nós mesmos

1

I can’t think about other eyes, except hers. 2a Pessoa yourselves vocês mesmos(as)
00

Eu não consigo pensar em outros olhos, exceto os dela. 3a Pessoa themselves eles(as) mesmos(as)
1
21

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES I cooked dinner myself.
TO

Eu mesmo fiz o jantar.

EN

O -s final dos Possessive Pronouns nada tem a ver com plural. They themselves buried their father.
IM

É apenas um indicativo de pronominalização. Eles mesmos enterraram o pai deles.

SC
NA

He’s been living by himself for a long time.

Ele mora sozinho há muito tempo.
DO

É muito comum confundir-se o uso dos pronomes de 2a pessoa

com os de 3a pessoa porque, em português, eles são determinados A concordância é sempre feita com o sujeito da frase e podem
NO

pela mesma palavra (seu/sua). Para evitar esta confusão sugeri- exercer basicamente três funções distintas:
mos a utilização, em uma eventual tradução, de “dele” para his, - Função Reflexiva: Vem após o verbo.
I
ST

“dela” para her/hers e “seu” apenas para your/yours.

LE

Meg is looking herself in the mirror.

CE

Where’s Marla? Meg está se olhando no espelho.

Onde está Marla?
US
TE

54
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Do you shave yourself everyday?

TI
Você se barbeia todo dia? These books are too heavy for me to carry.

ES
Estes livros são muito pesados para eu carregar.
- Função Idiomática: Precedido pela partícula by, significa “soz-

L
CE
inho” ou “sem a ajuda de ninguém”. This is a friend of mine, Rocky.
Este é um amigo meu, Rocky.

S
I always go home by myself. I think this is the most difficult question I’ve ever seen.

EU
Eu sempre volto pra casa sozinho. Acho que esta é a questão mais difícil que eu já vi.

AT
8M
He likes to study by himself. Usamos that (aquele, aquela, aquilo, esse, essa, isso) e those
Ele gosta de estudar sozinho. (aqueles, aquelas, esses, essas) para indicar objetos distantes da

79
pessoa que fala ou próximos da pessoa com quem se fala.

04
- Função Enfática: Geralmente após o sujeito, embora também

01
após o objeto ou no final da frase. Is that the girl you told me about?

10
Aquela é a garota que você me falou?
She herself cleaned the bedroom.

21
Ela mesma limpou o quarto. How much are those shoes?

TO
Quanto custam aqueles sapatos?

EN
I saw the accident myself.
Eu mesmo vi o acidente. What’s that in your hand?

IM
O que é isso em sua mão?
SC
Reciprocal Pronouns
NA

Bring those books over there for me, please.

Expressam uma ação permutável ou mútua. Há duas formas e cada Traga esses livros aí pra mim, por favor.
DO

uma delas possui uma variante genitiva (que traz um substantivo

após a estrutura pronominal). Não há diferença na tradução, am- Outros Usos
O

bas significam “um ao outro, uns aos outros”. a) Atuam como referentes contextuais:
IN
ST

Each other/Each other's I love Radiohead’s OK Computer. This is one of the best albums
LE

One another/One another's of history!

CE

Eu adoro OK Computer do Radiohead. Este é um dos melhores ál-

Joan and Collins greeted each other. buns da história!
S

Joan e Collins saudaram um ao outro.

EU

The banks decided to join forces. That is an important initiative to

AT

Joan and Collins greeted one another. help solving the economic crisis of the country.
8M

Joan e Collins saudaram um ao outro. Os bancos decidiram unir forças. Essa é uma importante iniciativa
para ajudar a resolver a crise econômica do País.
79

Franchesco and Rose were embarrassed because they had forgot-

04

ten each other's names. b) That pode enfatizar a palavra much:

1

Franchesco e Rose ficaram envergonhados porque eles esquece-

00

ram o nome um do outro. I don’t love you that much.

1

Eu não te amo tanto assim.

21

Franchesco and Rose were embarrassed because they had forgot-

TO

ten one another's names. c) This e that funcionam como advérbio de intensidade.
EN

Franchesco e Rose ficaram envergonhados porque eles esquece-

ram o nome um do outro. I’m not that bad as you think.
IM

Eu não sou tão mau quanto você acha.

SC

Demonstrative Pronouns
NA

She has never been this late for school before.

Os pronomes demonstrativos em inglês são representados por Ela nunca esteve tão atrasada para escola antes.
DO

this e that (singular), e these e those (plural).

d) This é usado para indicar o tempo atual e o local onde se en-
NO

Usamos this (este, esta, isto) e these (estes, estas) para indicar contra no momento da fala:
objetos próximos da pessoa que fala, geralmente algo que ela está
I
ST

segurando, tocando, usando ou vestindo. This year will be full of achievements to our family.
LE

Este ano será cheio de conquistas para a nossa família.

CE

Can you sign this form here for me?

Você pode assinar este formulário aqui pra mim? This building is really very old. It needs some repairs.
US
TE

55
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Este prédio é muito velho. Ele precisa de alguns reparos.

TI
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

ES
e) São muito comuns em expressões idiomáticas:

L
CE
This far 1: That também exerce outras funções, que ainda serão es-
Até aqui, tão longe tudadas mais adiante.

S
EU
This is it The politician That promised to solve the problems of our

AT
Chegou a hora, é isso aí community will come here tomorrow. – Relative Pronoun

8M
O político que prometeu resolver os problemas de nossa co-
This/these/that/those one(s) munidade virá aqui amanhã.

79
Este(s)/esse(s) aqui

04
Karla said That she is very sick and will not come to work

01
These days today. – Conjunction

10
Nos dias de hoje, atualmente Karla disse que está muito doente e que não virá trabalhar
hoje.

21
And that’s that

TO
E fim de papo 2: Existem certas construções na língua inglesa que funcio-

EN
nam como espécies de demonstrativos. São elas:
That’s it

IM
Pra mim chega Such (a/an)
SC
Tal, tais, esse(s), essa(s), isso, tão
NA

At that
Por sinal The one(s)
DO

O(s), a(s), o(s) que, a(s) que

Just like that
O

Assim, sem mais nem menos

IN

The former ... the latter

ST

So that O primeiro ... o segundo

LE

Para que, de modo que

CE

Small companies such as ours are very vulnerable in a recession.

That’s why Pequenas empresas como a nossa ficam muito vulneráveis durante
S

Por isso uma recessão.

EU
AT

That is Such a thing should never have been said.

8M

Isto é Tal coisa jamais deveria ter sido dita.

79

I’ve never walked this far. She is definitely the one I love.
04

Eu nunca havia caminhado até aqui. Ela é definitivamente a que eu amo.

1
00

This is it, my plane will take off. I’m looking for some night dresses and I’d like to try the ones whi-
1

Chegou a hora, meu avião irá decolar. ch are in the window.

21

Estou procurando alguns vestidos de noite e gostaria de experi-

TO

These days we cannot go out alone anymore. mentar os que estão na vitrine.
EN

Nos dias de hoje não se pode mais sair sozinho.

Raymond and Jim are really good students, the former intends to
IM

She is an actress, and a very good one at that. be an engineer, the latter, a physicist.
SC

Ela é atriz, e muito boa por sinal. Raymond e Jim são realmente bons alunos, o primeiro pretende
NA

ser engenheiro, o segundo, físico.

That’s why I didn’t want to come, he is drunk again.
DO

Por isso eu não queria vir, ele está bêbado de novo. Bell and Fleming were both British. The former invented the tele-
phone, the latter discovered penicillin.
NO

Bell e Fleming eram ambos britânicos. O primeiro inventou

o telefone, o segundo descobriu a penicilina.
I
ST
LE

Interrogative Pronouns
CE

Também conhecidos como Question Words, os pronomes interro-

US
TE

56
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
gativos em inglês são os primeiros elementos que podem aparecer

TI
numa sentença interrogativa. Eles precedem o verbo auxiliar nes- At whom are you looking?

ES
ses casos. São eles: Para quem você está olhando?

L
CE
What When Who How do we get to the town from here?
(O) que, qual Quando Quem [Sujeito/objeto – in- Como chegamos daqui ao centro da cidade?

S
formal]

EU
How did you hear about the concert?

AT
Which Where Whom Como você ficou sabendo do concerto?

8M
Qual Onde Quem [Objeto]
Considerações

79
Whose Why How

04
De quem Por que Como a) Você deve ter observado que apesar de which e what terem

01
o mesmo significado (“qual”), which só é usado quando houver

10
What kind of music do you like? opções, explícitas ou não.

21
Que tipo de música você gosta?
What is the best film of history for you?

TO
What happened after I left? Qual é o melhor filme da história pra você?

EN
O que aconteceu depois que eu saí?
What DVD are you considering to buy?

IM
Which party would you prefer to go to – Anna's or Ian's? Qual DVD você está pensando comprar?
SC
Qual festa você preferiria ir – a de Anna ou a de Ian?
NA

Which of those DVDs are you considering to buy?

Which is mine? The smaller one? Qual destes DVDs você está pensando comprar?
DO

Qual é o meu? O menor?

Which one would you choose?
O

Whose is this bag? Qual você escolheria?

IN

De quem é esta bolsa?

ST

b) Quando what, which, who e whose forem o sujeito em uma

LE

Whose laptop is that? oração interrogativa, o verbo auxiliar não será usado.
CE

De quem é esse laptop?

What causes those infections?
S

When are you going to leave? O que causa essas infecções?

EU

Quando você irá partir?

AT

Who came for dinner?

8M

When's the baby due? Quem veio para o jantar?

Para quando é o bebê?
79

Whose dog barks all the time?

04

Now where did I put my glasses? De quem é esse cachorro que não para de latir?
1

Agora onde coloquei meus óculos?

00

Which computer costs more, mine or yours?

1

Where's the party being held? Qual computador custa mais, o meu ou o seu?
21

Onde a festa está sendo realizada? c) É muito comum utilizarmos compostos em que how é seguido
TO

de adjetivo:
EN

Why did you choose to live in London?

Por que você optou por morar em Londres? How old is your daughter?
IM

Quantos anos sua filha tem?

SC

Why wait? Let's leave now.

NA

Por que esperar? Vamos partir agora. How far is it from your house to the mall?
Qual a distância da sua casa ao shopping?
DO

Who are all those people?

Quem são todas essas pessoas? How tall is your brother?
NO

Qual a altura do seu irmão?

Who can tell what will happen now?
I
ST

Quem pode dizer o que acontecerá agora? How high is the ceiling?
LE

Qual a altura do telhado?

CE

Who/Whom are you looking at?

Para quem você está olhando? How wide is the river in the city center?
US
TE

57
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Qual a largura do rio no centro da cidade? Could you tell me who your English teacher is?

TI
Poderia me dizer quem é seu professor de inglês?

ES
How heavy is that box?
Qual o peso dessa/daquela caixa? Do you know what time it is?

L
CE
Você sabe que horas são?
How long is this river?

S
Qual o comprimento deste rio? Relative Pronouns

EU
AT
How deep is this well? São aqueles que representam nomes já mencionados anterior-

8M
Qual a profundidade deste poço? mente e com os quais se relacionam. Introduzem as Defining/Res-
trictive Relative Clauses e as Nondefining/Non-restrictive Relative

79
How much do you want to bet this time he’ll not arrive late? Clauses.

04
Quanto você quer apostar que desta vez ele não se atrasará?

01
She's one of those people who love to be the centre of attention.

10
How many students are there in each class? Ela é uma daquelas pessoas que adora ser o centro das atenções.

21
Quantos alunos há em cada sala?
I met a man with whom I used to work.

TO
d) Existem ainda algumas construções interrogativas que usam Encontrei um homem com o qual eu trabalhava/costumava traba-

EN
what e how que merecem destaque: lhar.

IM
What ... for These are principles which we all believe in.
SC
Para que, por que Estes são princípios nos quais todos nós acreditamos.
NA

What + be ... like Is this the train that stops at Cambridge?

DO

Como é Este é o trem que para em Cambridge?

O

What/how about They meet in an old house, whose basement has been converted
IN

Que tal, e quanto into a chapel.

ST

Eles encontraram uma casa antiga, cujo porão fora transformado

LE

How do you like em uma capela.

CE

Qual a sua opinião sobre, você gostaria

Antes de começarmos o estudo dos pronomes relativos in-
S

What is this tool for? gleses, é necessário que aprendamos, previamente, os con-
EU

Para que serve esta ferramenta? ceitos que norteiam o uso das Defining/Restrictive Relative
AT

Clauses e das Nondefining/Non-restrictive Relative Clauses:

8M

What is she like?

Como ela é? Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses
79
04

What about a Coke? Não levam vírgula porque a informação que contém é essencial
1

Que tal uma Coca-Cola? para a oração principal, para a identificação do substantivo.
00
1

How about a cinema tonight? The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
21

Que tal um cinema hoje à noite? A garota que foi ferida no acidente está agora no hospital.
TO
EN

I'm not surprised he shouted at you! How would you like to be The man whom I saw yesterday was Mr. Jones.
pushed into a wall? O homem que eu vi ontem era o Sr. Jones.
IM

Não me surpreende ela ter gritado com você. Você gostaria de ser
SC

empurrado contra uma parede? The book which is on the table is mine.
NA

O livro que está sobre a mesa é meu.

e) Os pronomes interrogativos também são usados e Indirect e
DO

Embedded Questions. My brother that lives in Arizona is named George.

Meu irmão que mora no Arizona chama-se George.
NO

I wonder to know where they have been.

Gostaria de saber onde eles estiveram. Where is the man whose car is blocking the entrance to the
I
ST

building?
LE

She asked me why I didn’t come to school yesterday. Onde está o homem cujo carro está bloqueando a entrada do
CE

Ela me perguntou por que eu não vim para a escola ontem. prédio?
US
TE

58
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Nondefining/Non-restrictive Relative Clauses Refere-se a pessoas e exerce função de objeto. Pode ser substituído

TI
por that e ainda omitido nas Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses.

ES
Precisam vir entre vírgulas porque a informação que contêm sobre
o substantivo é apenas adicional, extra, não-fundamental para a I told you! The man whom/that/Ø we saw yesterday was the lead

L
CE
identificação do substantivo. singer of Snow Patrol.
Eu lhe disse! O homem que nós vimos ontem era o vocalista do

S
Professor James, who is an expert in Victorian poetry, will be Snow Patrol.

EU
giving a lecture tonight.

AT
O professor James, que é um especialista em poesia Vitoriana, es- The fireman whom/that/Ø we have to interview is a local hero.

8M
tará ministrando uma palestra hoje à noite. O bombeiro que nós temos que entrevistar é um herói local.

79
Mr. Lee, whom I met yesterday, does volunteer work at the Dr. Perkins, whom we met at a conference in Canada last year, will

04
hospital. come to lecture in our college.

01
O Sr. Lee, quem eu encontrei ontem, faz trabalho voluntário no O Dr. Perkins, que nós encontramos em uma conferência no

10
hospital. Canadá ano passado, virá ministrar uma palestra em nossa facul-

21
dade.
That book, which is the novel I was reading last week, was

TO
the one I meant for you to take to the beach with you. My sister, whom you once met, is visiting us next week.

EN
Aquele livro, que é o romance que eu estava lendo semana passa- Minha irmã, que você encontrou uma vez, nos visitará semana que
da, foi o que eu mencionei para você levar para a praia com você. vem.

IM
SC
Cohen, whose contract expires next week, is likely to move 3. Which [que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais]
NA

to play for a European club. Refere-se a coisas e animais e exerce função de sujeito e de obje-
Cohen, cujo contrato expira semana que vem, provavelmente se to. Pode ser substituído por that nas Defining/Restrictive Relative
DO

mudará para tocar em um clube Europeu. Clauses e ainda omitido da frase (quando for objeto – exceto nas
Nondefining/Non-restrictive Relative Clauses).
O

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
IN

Where are the hamburgers which/that were in the grill?

ST

Onde estão os hambúrgueres que estavam no grill?

LE

O pronome that não pode ser usado em Nondefining/Non-re-

CE

strictive Relative Clauses. I would like to know the name of the horse which/that won the
race.
S

Eu gostaria de saber o nome do cavalo que ganhou a corrida.

EU
AT

Usos dos Relative Pronouns The book which/that/Ø you want is in the library.
8M

O livro que você quer está na biblioteca.

1. Who [quem, que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais]
79

Refere-se a pessoas e exerce função de sujeito. Pode ser substituí- Did you see the movie which/that/Ø I recommended?
04

do por that nas Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses. Você viu o filme que recomendei?
1
00

The other people who/that live in the hostel are really friendly. The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for two
1

As outras pessoas que moram no albergue são realmente years, has just been sold.
21

amigáveis. A casa do final da rua, que ficou vazia por dois anos, acaba de ser
TO

vendida.
EN

The kids who/that are in the lab are the best of our school.
Os garotos que estão no laboratório são os melhores de nossa escola. The dog, which barked to us yesterday, was run over and died.
IM

O cachorro, que latiu pra nós ontem, foi atropelado e morreu.

SC

James, who was a friend of the family, has gone recently.

NA

James, que era um amigo da família, faleceu recentemente. 4. Whose [cujo(s), cuja(s)]
Refere-se a pessoas, coisas e animais e estabelece relações de
DO

Albert Einstein, who put forward the theory of relativity, is posse. Deve, portanto, ser usado antes de substantivos. Nunca pode
considered by many as the most intelligent person in human ser substituído por that, nem omitido da frase.
NO

history.
Albert Einstein, que apresentou a teoria da relatividade, é consid- There was a picture in the paper of a man whose leg had been
I
ST

erado por muitos como a pessoa mais inteligente da história da cut off.
LE

humanidade. Havia uma foto no jornal de um homem cuja perna havia sido am-
CE

putada.
2. Whom [quem, que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais]
US
TE

59
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
The cat whose leg is broken is mine. The letter showed clearly what (= the things that) they were

TI
O gato cuja perna está quebrada é meu. planning.

ES
A carta mostrava claramente o que (= as coisas que) eles estavam
The band, whose album was released last week, will make a world- planejando

L
CE
wide tour next semester.
A banda, cujo álbum foi lançado na semana passada, fará uma Indefinite Pronouns

S
turnê mundial semestre que vem.

EU
São utilizados para falar de pessoas, coisas, lugares ou quantidades

AT
The writer, whose talent is rare, became a wealthy woman. indefinidas.

8M
A escritora, cujo talento é raro, tornou-se uma mulher rica
1. Some [Uns, umas, alguns, algumas, um pouco, certa quantidade,

79
Considerações um, uma, cerca de, mais ou menos]

04
a) Após preposições, apenas os pronomes whom, which e who- Utilizado em frases afirmativas e em interrogativas que denotam

01
se podem ser usados e a omissão não pode ser feita. pedido ou oferta.

10
The girl for whom I was waiting didn’t turn up. Here's some news you might be interested in.

21
A garota pela qual eu estava esperando não apareceu. Aqui está uma notícia na qual você pode estar interessado.

TO
EN
It isn't a subject to which I devote a great deal of thought. We have been having some problems with our TV set over the last
Não é um assunto ao qual eu dedique muita atenção. few weeks.

IM
Nós estivemos tendo alguns problemas com nosso televisor du-
SC
The painter about whose pictures we have been discussing will rante as últimas semanas.
NA

come to our city.

O pintor sobre cujas obras nós temos estado discutindo virá à nos- Could you give me some idea to my book?
DO

sa cidade. Você poderia me dar uma idéia para o meu livro?

O

b) Somente o pronome that pode ser utilizado quando o antece- Some fifty tons of stone are taken from the quarry every day.
IN

dente for modificado por superlativo ou por expressões como the Aproximadamente cinquenta toneladas de rochas são tiradas da
ST

first, the only, the one; e quando o antecedente for composto pedreira todo dia.
LE

(pessoa + animal ou pessoa + coisa).

CE

As principais formas derivadas são somebody (alguém), some-

This is the best hotel that I have ever stayed in. one (alguém), something (algo, alguma coisa) e somewhere
S

Este é o melhor hotel que eu já me hospedei. (algum lugar).

EU
AT

She is the only one that deserves my eternal love. Somebody must have seen what happened.
8M

Ela é a única que merece meu amor eterno. Alguém deve ter visto o que aconteceu.
79

They chose the games and the adversaries that they wanted. Eventually someone in the audience spoke.
04

Eles escolheram os jogos e os adversários que eles queriam. Alguém na platéia acabou falando.
1
00

The guard dogs and the policemen that invaded the captivity There is something sharp inside my shoe.
1

rescued the hostage. Há algo pontiagudo dentro do meu sapato.

21

Os cães de guarda e os policiais que invadiram o cativeiro resgat-

TO

aram o refém. Wouldn't you like to go to Disneyland or somewhere?

EN

c) A relação estabelecida pelos pronomes relativos também pode Você não gostaria de ir à Disneylândia ou algum outro lugar?
ser exercida por outras palavras:
IM

2. Any [Algum, alguma, nenhum, nenhuma, sequer, qualquer,

SC

The building where (= in which) he lives in is very old. quaisquer]

NA

O prédio onde (= no qual) ele mora é muito velho. Utilizado em frases negativas, em interrogativas e em afirmativas.
DO

I’ll never forget the day when (= on which) I met you. I haven't seen any of his films.
Eu nunca esquecerei o dia quando (= no qual) eu lhe conheci. Eu não vi nenhum dos filmes dele.
NO

The reason why (= for which) I didn’t write to you was that I didn’t There was hardly any food left by the time we got there.
I
ST

have your address. Não havia mais quase nenhuma comida quando chegamos lá.
LE

A razão porque (= pela qual) eu não lhe escrevi foi que eu não tinha
CE

seu endereço. Are you sure there isn't any way of solving this problem?
Tem certeza de que não há outra maneira de se resolver este prob-
US
TE

60
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
lema? Eu gostaria de ir ao concerto, mas ninguém queria ir.

TI
ES
Any of you should be able to answer this question. Nothing I could say would cheer her up.
Qualquer um de vocês deveria ser capaz de responder esta per- Nada que eu pudesse dizer iria alegrá-la.

L
CE
gunta.
If any of my friends rings for me, please tell him I'll be back at 4 These young people have nowhere to go.

S
o'clock. Estes jovens não têm para onde ir.

EU
Se algum dos meus amigos ligar, diga que estarei de volta às 4 horas.

AT
4. Every [Todo, toda]

8M
Unless you have any news, don’t call me. Utilizado em frases afirmativas, interrogativas e negativas.
A menos que tenha alguma novidade, não me ligue.

79
The show will be broadcast every weekday morning between 9

04
Os principais derivados são anybody (alguém, ninguém, qualquer and 10.

01
pessoa), anyone (alguém, ninguém, qualquer um), anything O programa será transmitido todo dia de manhã entre nove e dez

10
(algo, alguma/qualquer coisa, nada) e anywhere (algum/nen- horas.

21
hum/qualquer lugar).
Every time I go to London I get caught in a traffic jam.

TO
I haven't spoken to anybody all day. Toda vez que vou a Londres fico preso no engarrafamento.

EN
Não havia falado com ninguém o dia todo.
We are not open every day.

IM
Was there anyone you knew at the meeting? Não abrimos todo dia.
SC
Havia algum conhecido na reunião?
NA

Will the police want to interview every employee about the theft?
If he eats anything with wheat in it he's very sick. A polícia vai querer interrogar todos os empregados sobre o roubo?
DO

Se ele comer qualquer coisa que contenha trigo ele adoece.

Suas principais formas derivadas são everybody (todos, todo
O

Did you go anywhere interesting this summer? mundo), everyone (todos, todo mundo), everything (tudo) e
IN

Você foi a algum lugar interessante neste verão? everywhere (em todo lugar, todos os lugares, em toda parte).
ST
LE

3. No [Nenhum, nenhuma, sem, proibido] Everybody has their own ideas about the best way to bring up
CE

Utilizado em sentenças negativas em que não haja a presença de children.

outras palavras de sentido negativo. Todo o mundo tem suas próprias idéias sobre a melhor forma de
S

educar os filhos.
EU

There are no pockets in these trousers.

AT

Não há bolsos nestas calças. Would everyone who wishes to attend the dinner let me know by
8M

Friday afternoon?
That's my kind of holiday – no telephone, no TV and no worries. Todos que desejam comparecer ao jantar poderiam me informar
79

Esse é meu tipo de feriado – sem telefone, sem televisão e sem até sexta à tarde?
04

preocupações.
1

You can't blame him for everything.

00

There's no chance of us getting there by eight. Você não pode culpá-lo por tudo.
1

Sem chance de chegarmos lá por volta de oito horas.

21

Everywhere looks so grey and depressing in winter.

TO

Didn’t you see the notice on the wall? It says, “No smoking”. Tudo parece tão triste e depressivo no inverno.
EN

Você não viu o aviso na parede? Está escrito: “Proibido fumar”.

IM

Os derivados são none (nenhum, ninguém, nada), nobody (nin-

SC

guém), no one (ninguém), nothing (nada) e nowhere (nenhum QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

NA

lugar).
1. “__________ name’s Youcef. __________ live in Algeria and I’m Al-
DO

She went to the shop in order to get some oranges but they had gerian. Languages are __________ hobby. __________ speak Arabic,
none. French and English.”
NO

Ela foi à loja para comprar laranjas, mas eles não tinham nenhuma.
– A sequência correta é:
I
ST

Nobody agreed with me.

LE

Ninguém concordou comigo. a) His – He – his – He c) I – I – my – I

CE

b) He – His – him – He d) My – I – my – I
I'd like to go to the concert but no one else wants to.
US
TE

61
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
2. Do you like Prince? No, I don’t. I hate __________.

TI
This is Peter’s book. Give it to __________. a) mine b) their c) of they d) my e) of your

ES
__________ is my teacher, and I like __________ very much.
11. “Peter asked Jane if __________ had a pencil to lend __________.”

L
CE
– Qual a opção que melhor substitui os espaços das sentenças aci-
ma? a) he – he d) she – him

S
b) her – me e) he – her

EU
a) his – he – She – hers c) him – him – He – him c) she – he

AT
b) him – me – She – him d) he – he – She – her

8M
12. I know he’ll tell __________ a different story.
3. Em qual das frases abaixo temos um exemplo de sujeito inde-

79
terminado. a) they b) his c) your d) you e) their

04
01
a) It is going to rain. 13. Did you want to talk to the chairman __________, or could

10
b) He said that the test is today. __________ personal assistant help __________?

21
c) When we don’t have money, we have to improvise.
d) It is not easy to understand this. a) himself – his – yourself c) himself – his – you

TO
b) herself – her – you d) herself – her – yourself

EN
4. Qual a opção que completa as frases abaixo?
14. Why are __________ always arguing with __________?

IM
Peter wore __________ shoes and went to school. SC
She had a car accident and broke __________ legs. a) yourself – each other c) you – other each
NA

Bill has a problem in __________ eyes. b) you – each other d) yourself – another
DO

a) the – the – the c) his – her – his 15. Fill in the gaps correctly:
b) the – her – his d) his – her – the
O

__________ car is comfortable.

IN

5. Where do young people go for __________ holidays? __________ clothes are beautiful.
ST

a) their b) theirs c) yours d) your e) his

LE

a) These – These c) This – That

CE

6. These are __________ pens, not __________. b) This – These d) Those – This
S

a) my – yours d) mine – yours 16. Complete the sentence below correctly:

EU

b) my – your e) mine – your

AT

c) me – you It was raining cats and dogs, __________ it was raining heavily.
8M

7. Jane took the book although she knew it was __________ and she a) this is it c) that is
79

left it an hour ago with a friend of __________. b) that’s why d) these days
1 04

a) mine – hers c) my – his own 17. Complete the sentence below correctly:
00

b) my own – her d) me own’s – hers own

1

I do not like Frank, __________ he was not invited to my bash.

21

8. They intended to keep all the money for ______. Jack ____ gave
TO

me this information. What is going to happen to _____ now? a) that’s why c) And that’s that
EN

b) such d) That’s it
a) they – his own – ours c) theirselves – himself – we
IM

b) themselves – himself – us d) they own – by him – ourselves 18. Complete the sentence below correctly:
SC
NA

9. A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I, II e III de: __________ does 1 kg of coffee cost?
DO

The blue pencil is not I and it is not _ II _ either; it is III a) How many d) Where
__. é: b) What e) How much
NO

a) my – his – hers d) yours – hers – mine c) Which

b) your– of her – our e) ours – his – her
I
ST

c) mine– of him – your 19. Complete the dialog:

LE
CE

10. A alternativa que corretamente preenche a lacuna de “He is a - __________ bread do you eat in the morning?
friend of __________”, é: - Some.
US
TE

62
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) What b) When c) How d) Where

TI
a) How many c) How often

ES
b) How much d) How big 28. Fill in the blank:

L
CE
20. Complete the dialog: - __________ don’t you go home?
- I don’t feel drunk yet.

S
- __________ do you want this knife for?

EU
- To cut that rope. a) Why b) How c) How well d) When

AT
8M
a) Where c) How 29. Fill in the blank:
b) Who d) What

79
- __________ books are there in the library?

04
21. Complete the dialog: - Some 2000.

01
10
- __________ car is that parked outside? a) Who b) Where c) How many d) How much

21
- It’s mine.
30. Complete the sentence below:

TO
a) Who b) How c) Whose d) Where

EN
- __________ did you manage to escape?
22. Complete the dialog: - I called for help.

IM
SC
- __________ do I have to take this medicine? a) What b) How c) Who d) Why
NA

- Twice a day.
31. Complete the sentence below:
DO

a) Where b) When c) How d) How often

- __________ watch do you want?
O

23. Fill in the blank: - The black one, please.

IN
ST

- __________ does it take to go to Rio by bus? a) What b) Who c) Whose d) Which

LE

- Three days.
CE

32. Complete the sentence below:

a) Why b) When c) How long d) How far
S

- __________ are you leaving to Paris?

EU

24. Fill in the blank: - In June.

AT

- __________ is the girl with blonde hair?

8M

- She’s Sandra. a) How long b) How c) When d) How far

79

a) Whose b) Who c) Where d) What 33. Complete the sentence below:

1 04

25. Fill in the blank: - __________ is your favorite actress?

00

- Sharon Stone.
1

- __________ can I compensate you for the trouble?

21

- It was nothing. a) Which b) Who c) How d) Whose

TO
EN

a) How b) How much c) Where d) Who 34. Choose the best question for this answer:
IM

26. Fill in the blank: "He's about six feet tall, has curly brown hair and weighs about 175
SC

pounds."
NA

- __________ is that Picasso’s picture?

- It’s about U$ 1 million. a) How is John? c) What does John look like?
DO

b) What is John like? d) What kind of person is John?

a) How old b) How much c) How long d) How big
NO

27. Fill in the blank:

I
ST

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
LE

- __________ were you born?

CE

- In Ohio.
1. (EN 2018) Which is the correct option to complete the film sy-
US
TE

63
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
nopsis below? fill in the blanks respectively.

TI
ES
Hacksaw Ridge Sarah is ____________friend.____________ lives next to my
Desmond Doss,______endured a troubled childhood in rural house. We love riding our bikes.___________ bike is red.

L
CE
Virginia, enlists in the army. After Desmond's desire to serve ____________ is green. We love spending tome together!
as an unarmed medic is approved by military officials, he

S
is sent to the Pacific arena,______he saves dozens of lives a) my / She / My / Hers d) my / Her / My / She

EU
during the Battle of Okinawa. b) your / I / My / Her e) his / He / My / His

AT
(Adapted from http ://oscar.go.com/nomÍnees/best-pÍcture/hacksaw- c) her / He / Her/ Mine

8M
-ridge)
7. Which is the correct way to complete the text below?

79
a) which / that d) that/which

04
b) who/where e) whose/who reasons why it is important to have dreams

01
c) what/when

10
Everyone always says: “Follow______ dreams!” But not
2. (EN 2018) Which option best completes the paragraph beiow? everyone does______. Life interjects, bills pile up, and so-

21
metimes______have to do boring jobs just to make ______

TO
"Waking up after a couple of hours may not be insomnia," through the day. However, there are a number of reasons to

EN
wrote Wehr. "It may be normal sleep." Ekirch added, "If peo- follow______ dreams, to break the trend, and to live the life
ple don't fight it, they'll find______falling asleep again after you’ve always wanted. Here they are below,

IM
roughly one hour. SC (http: //www. Iifehack.org)
(https ://amp.Iivescience.com)
NA

a) your/it/we/it/your
a) they d) them b) yours/it/you/them/yours
DO

b) their e) themselves c) you/it/they/l/you

c) theirs d) your/they/we/them/your
O

e) yours/them/l/it/yours
IN

3. (EN 2018) Which question word completes the dialogue correc-

ST

tly? 8. EFOMM 2017 Choose the correct sentence.

LE
CE

Peter:______wasn’t Mary at work yesterday? a) I saw a girl who hair was blue.
b) Mr. Smith, which has never smiled, seems very happy today.
S

Jane: She was ill. c) He got fired again, what surprised everybody.
EU

d) The girl who I gave the form to was very nervous.

AT

a) When d) Why e) It was like a dream from that I feared I would wake sooner
8M

b) Where e) Which or later.

c) Who
79

9. Nas sentenças apresentadas abaixo, falta um ou mais pronomes

04

4. (CN 2018) Read the sentence in order to do the question below. para que, gramaticalmente, elas estejam completas e corretas.
1

Leia cada uma delas e complete-as com o pronome adequado.

00

This is my friends’ car and that one is my car.

1

I. I need to see the doctor. I’ll call ____ to make an appointment.

21

Mark the option which rewrites the sentence using the cor- II. Pancreatic cancer is the 4th overall cause of cancer-related de-
TO

rect possessive. aths in the U.S. because ____ is relatively symptom-free in the early
EN

stages.
a) This car is theirs and that one is mine. III. My grandfather has always believed that a strict diet and daily
IM

b) This is theirs cars and that is my car. exercise help avoid diseases. It seems to work for ____. _____ is 80
SC

c) This is their car and that one is my. and healthy.

NA

d) This car is them and that one is my. IV. Dr. Jack created a test to diagnose pancreatic cancer more qui-
e) This is theirs car and that one is mine. ckly. _____ detects an abnormal protein that’s an indicator of the
DO

disease.
5. (EPCAR 2018) “Slavery continues today and harms people in
NO

every country in the world” (lines 2 and 3). The highlighted words Assinale a alternativa que completa correta e respectivamente as
can be substituted for _____. lacunas.
I
ST
LE

a) them b) theirs c) their d) they a) her - it - him/He - it d) her - it - he/Him - it

CE

b) she - it - him/He - it e) her - it - him/He – he

6. (EAM 2018) Read the sentences and mark the correct option to c) her - he - him/He - it
US
TE

64
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
ES
10. (EPCAR 2016) Mark the correct question for the sentence “pre-

L
CE
judice based on religious affiliation” (lines 40 and 41).

S
a) Which prejudice did you talk about?

EU
b) Which religion talked you about?

AT
c) Which affiliation talk you about?

8M
d) Which religious prejudice you talked about?

79
11. (EEAR 2016) Choose the alternative that contains the right use

04
of the relative pronoun, in order to write the two sentences below

01
as a single sentence:

10
21
That is the teacher. I spoke to her about my grades.

TO
a) That is the teacher to whom I spoke to about my grades.

EN
b) That is the teacher to who I spoke to about my grades.
c) That is the teacher to whom I spoke about my grades.

IM
d) That is the teacher who I spoke about my grades. SC
NA

12. Choose the alternative that best completes the dialogue below.
DO

Mary: Whose pencil is that? Is it yours, Paul?

O

Paul: No, it’s not ____. I saw Susan using it. I think it’s ____.
IN
ST

a) mine - him c) my - hers

LE

b) mine - hers d) my – her

CE
S
EU

13. (EPCAR 2015) “They perceive it (...)" (line 25). The underlined
AT

pronoun refers to
8M

a) victims. b) children. c) parents. d) cyberbullies.

79
04

14. (EPCAR 2015) In the sentence, “Many countries have organized

1

campaigns to make adults and children informed of its dangers.”

00

(lines 29-30), the underlined expressions can be substituted for

1
21

a) it – they. c) they – them.

TO

b) they – it. d) them – they.

EN

15. (AFA 2015) In the sentence “there is a number of theories that

IM

attempt to explain the link” (lines 84-85), it is possible to find an

SC

option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in

NA

a) when. b) how. c) whom. d) which.

DO

16. (ESPECEX 2015) Choose the correct option to complete the

NO

text.
I
ST

“Lily is worried about her boyfriend, Jamie. She calls _______ every
LE

day, but he doesn´t call _______. When she wants to talk to Jamie,
CE

_______ always says he`s busy. She waits for _______ after work, but
he`s usually with some friends. Jamie`s friends don`t like Lily, and she
US
TE

65
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
doesn`t like _______. Lily says hello, but _______ won`t look at her.

TI
Now she knows that Jamie doesn`t love _______. But she`s happy a) whose. b) which. c) whom. d) that.

ES
because she knows that _______ can find a new boyfriend.”
21. Fill in the blanks with interrogative words (WH-questions)

L
CE
a) him – her – she – he – they – they – her – she
b) he – she – they – her – he – he – them – he A. ____ was Voyager 1 sent into space? Thirty-six years ago.

S
c) him – her – he – him – them – they – her – she

EU
d) her – he – his – she – she – them – she – them B. ____ was Voyager 1 sent into space? To study other planets.

AT
8M
C. ____ is it from Earth now? Twelve billion miles.

79
D. ____ is it expected to last? Ten years at the most.

04
01
According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

10
21
a) When/Why/How far/How long.
b) Why/Where/How often/ When.

TO
c) How long/What for/Where/How old.

EN
d) When/How far/How often/What.
e) How far/Why/How long/WhY

IM
SC
NA

22. Complete these dialogues using question words:

DO

I. __________ will you go to Denver? Next Saturday.

II. __________ will you travel? By car.
O

III. __________ will you travel? Probably two days.

IN

17. (EEAR 2014) Fill in the blank, (line 15), with the appropriate res- IV. __________ will you stay there? At my uncle's house.
ST

ponse. V. __________ will you be there? For five days.

LE
CE

a) my b) her c) your d) their a) I. When – II. How – III. How long – IV. Where – V. How long
b) I. When – II. Who – III. What time – IV. Where – V. How long
S

18. (EXPCEX 2014) In the sentence “...shopping centers make good c) I. When – II. How – III. How much time – IV. Whom – V. How long
EU

meeting places because they are safe...” (paragraph 3), the word d) I. When – II. Who – III. How long – IV. At what place – V. How long
AT

they refers to
8M

23. Marque a alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I

a) fans. d) kids. e II de:
79

b) shopping centers. e) neighbourhoods.

04

c) rolezeiros. I book is this?

1

The girl II name I have forgotten looks like my sister.

00

19. (EFOMM 2014) Choose the alternative where the pronoun can
1

correctly be omitted. I II
21

a) whose whose
TO

a) Do Exercise 1, which is very easy. b what which

EN

b Have you read the letter which I sent you? c) what what
c) She lives in a house which was built by her father. d) whose what
IM

d) The man who gave me the book was the librarian. e) whoever whose
SC

e) These walls are all that remain of the city.

NA

20. (EEAR 2014) Don’t drink and ride New technologies allow total strangers to know almost everything
about a person. Author Peter F. Eder writes about the ongoing in-
DO

Alcohol can increase your risk of being hurt in a car accident, even vasion of personal privacy [ I ] will get much worse unless better
if you aren’t behind the wheel. A new University of Michigan study safeguards are quickly established.
NO

reports that men who have been drinking are 50 percent more li- PRIVACY ON PARADE – The Futurist, July/August 1994.
kely to experience a serious injury during a car accident than sober
I
ST

passengers. 24. A lacuna [ I ] deve ser preenchida por:

LE
CE

The word “who”, underlined in the text, can be replaced by a) which b) what c) whom d) where e) who
US
TE

66
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
25. Assinale a alternativa correta: is Asian.

TI
ES
- The girl to [I] I spoke is your classmate. 31. Fernando Pessoa, _________ was born in Lisboa, wrote several
- That is the teacher [II] car was stolen. great poems in English.

L
CE
- The room [III] window is broken will be cleaned tomorrow.
a) whom b) that c) whose d) who e) which

S
a) who – that – which c) whom – which – that

EU
b) who – whose – whose d) whom – whose – whose 32. I had made up my mind to travel by plane, but then I changed

AT
my mind, _______ was wrong.

8M
26. Mark the correct option to complete the paragraph below:
a) which b) what c) whose d) who e) that

79
Alvin Toffler, ______ I met only once, is arriving tomorrow. His most

04
famous book, _____ contains interesting ideas, is called Future Sho- 33. Hamlet, _______ was written by Shakespeare, is a famous play.

01
ck. Mr. Toffler warns us against the consequences of technology,

10
______ may destroy us if we do not take the necessary precautions. a) who b) which c) that d) whom e) whose

21
a) whom – whose – which d) who – that – whom 34. We picked up some bargains __________ you won’t believe.

TO
b) whom – that – whom e) whom – which – which

EN
c) which – where – which a) that b) ___ c) which d) whose e) a, b and c are correct.

IM
27. Assinale a alternativa que corresponde ao referente do pro- 35. Perón returned to Argentina in 1973, __________ prompted Borg-
SC
nome relativo em destaque a seguir: es to resign as director of the National Library.
NA

Both research and commercial perspectives are considered, a) who b) whom c) that d) whose e) which
DO

making the event essential for all researchers, designers and ma-
nufacturers WHO need to keep abreast of developments in HCI. 36. To the ancient Chinese, Chaos was an enormous egg
O

__________ parts were separeted into earth and sky, yin and yang.
IN

a) research and commercial perspectives

ST

b) developments in HCI a) whose b) which c) that d) who e) whom

LE

c) interface design, user modelling, tools, hypertext, CSCW, and

CE

programming 37. Examine these questions about relative pronouns which are in a
d) recent trends and issues text from a contest. Mark True ( T ) or False ( F ):
S

e) all researchers, designers and manufacturers

EU

... Interpretations in law also constitute justification for violence

AT

28. Mark the option in which WHO and THAT are interchangeable: which has already occurred or which is about to occur. When in-
8M

terpreters have finish their work, they frequently leave behind vic-
a) The drug ________ you ordered last week has arrived. tims whose lives have been torn apart by these organized, social
79

b) The hospital ____ your father recommended is now closed. practices of violence...
04

c) We hope ________ the psychiatrist will arrive soon.

1

d) This is the researcher ________ handled the project. A) ( ) which ( L.2 ) refers to “violence”, while which (L.2) to inter-
00

e) I met your doctor, but he didn't know ________ I was. pretations.

1
21

29. Assinale a alternativa correta: B) ( ) whose ( L.4-) refers to victims.

TO
EN

The doctor to ________ Mrs. Jones went told her to eat less. 38. Mark the sentence that can only be completed with whose,
the relative pronoun in “…stressed-out folks with a strong sense of
IM

a) where b) what c) whose d) who e) whom humor become less depressed and anxious than those whose sen-
SC

se of humor is less well-developed…”

NA

30. Mark the option that can only be completed with the relative
pronoun WHO: a) This is Patricia,∆ sister you met last week.
DO

b) One should be loyal to ∆ one is married.

a) That is the consultant ________ I met in São Paulo last week. c) She`s married to a doctor of ∆ you have heard.
NO

b) My brother, ____ works as a consultant, makes much money. d) Aids, ∆ kills thousands of people, hasn’t been wiped out.
c) Would you like to work with bosses ________ are understan-
I
ST

ding? 39. Put in this, that, these or those.

LE

d) Employees ________ work from home part of the time are

CE

happier. 1. I don’t like living in ____________ country?

e) The tele-commuter to ________ I was introduced yesterday 2. Who are ____________ people over there?
US
TE

67
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
3. Listen, you will like ___________ story. b) somewhere d) somebody

TI
ES
a) Those- that- this c) That-these-this 50. “Don’t touch __________.”, the detective said.
b) This – those-this d) This-these-those

L
CE
a) nothing b) no one c) anything d) nobody
40. Which sentences are correct?

S
51. I looked around to see if there was any food, but there was

EU
1. We stayed in a hotel who had a beautiful garden. __________.

AT
2. Did I tell you about the film which we saw?

8M
3. People that live in London are called “Londoners”. a) no one b) any c) none d) some
4. I didn’t like the man which my sister married.

79
52. Did you see __________ when you came in?

04
a) 1 and 2 b) 1 and 3 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 and 4

01
a) anyone b) nobody c) nothing d) anywhere

10
41. The Titanic was going very fast, __________ was dangerous.
53. Dick and Sue didn’t tell __________ about their plans.

21
a) what b) which c) it d) that

TO
a) nobody b) somebody c) nothing d) anything

EN
42. __________ oil is there in the can?
54. Do you know __________ about guns?

IM
a) How much d) Which one SC
b) How many e) Where a) anybody b) somebody c) anything d) nothing
NA

c) Why
55. The room is empty. There is __________ in it.
DO

43. She’s used to taking notes. She knows __________ by heart.

a) anybody d) anything
O

a) none b) no c) nothing d) none of e) nobody b) somebody e) something

IN

c) nobody
ST

44. Tidal waves could sweep away __________ of those small

LE

islands. 56. He said he had never met __________ who could speak Arabic.
CE

a) any b) anyhow c) anyway d) anytime e) any time a) nobody b) anybody c) person d) * e) no person
S
EU

45. Fill in the blank correctly: 57. Qual é a alternativa que preenche corretamente todas as lacu-
AT

__________ the kidnappers had followed Isabella’s steps. nas das sentenças abaixo?
8M

a) Some d) Somebody I. There is __________ at the door. Can you ask the maid to see who
79

b) Something e) Someone it is?

04

c) Somehow II. I lost my diamond ring __________ in this room. Can you help me
1

to find it?
00

46. Vanessa was much smarter than __________ of her classmates. III. I'm sorry but I can't help you. There is __________ we can do to
1

help you.
21

a) anybody d) any
TO

b) anyone e) anything a) no one – nowhere – nothing

EN

c) anywhere b) not one – nowhere – no one

c) no one – somewhere – nothing
IM

47. __________ told me __________ about the test. d) someone – somewhere – nothing
SC

e) someone – somewhere – no one

NA

a) None – anything c) Nothing – something

b) No one – anything d) Nowhere – nothing 58. Is there ______ I can do for you?
DO

48. I’m sure there was __________ here when I arrived. a) something b) nothing c) some things d) anything
NO

a) none b) anything c) anybody d) no one 59. Marque a alternativa cujas respostas melhores completa as fra-
I
ST

ses abaixo.
LE

49. Listen! There is __________ knocking at the door. I – I cut ____________ with a pair of scissors. II – Did you talk to
CE

__________ yesterday? III – Susan falls in love with Paul. She really
a) something c) anybody likes____________. IV – Is this ___________? V – We bought new thin-
US
TE

68
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
gs at the mall last night. By the way, _________ shoes are the same b) research.

TI
color. c) parent.

ES
d) child.
a) yourself, her, he, yours, ours. e) disease.

L
CE
b) myself, her, him, yours, our.
c) mine, hers, him, yours, ours. Why the Internet is so addictive

S
d) myself, herself, he, it, we. "Checking Facebook should only take a minute." Those are the

EU
e) my, her, him, your, we. famous last words of countless people every day, right before get-

AT
ting sucked into several hours of watching cat videos or commen-

8M
ting on Instagrammed sushi lunches. That behavior is natural, given
60. Marque a alternativa cujas respostas melhores completa as how the Internet is structured, experts say. The Internet’s omnipre-

79
frases abaixo. sence and lack of limits encourage people to lose track of time,

04
I – ….. are their names? They’re Melissa and Andrew. II – ….. is my making it hard to exercise the self-control to turn it off.

01
bag? On the table. III – ….. is it difficult? It is so easy. IV – …… did you "The Internet is not addictive in the same way as pharmacological

10
do that? Because I wanted it. V – ….. was your last vacation? It was substances are," said Tom Stafford, a cognitive scientist at the Uni-

21
on January. versity of Sheffield in the U.K. "But it's compulsive; it's compelling;
it's distracting." Humans are social creatures. Therefore, people en-

TO
a) Where; Why; What; How; When; joy the social information available via email and the Web.

EN
b) What; Why, Where, When; How; The main reason the Internet is so addictive is that it lacks boun-
c) What; Where; How; Why; When; daries between tasks, Stafford said. Someone may set out to "rese-

IM
d) When; How; Why; Where; What. arch something, and then accidentally go to Wikipedia, and then
SC
e) How; When; Why; What; Where. wind up trying to find out what ever happened to Depeche Mode,"
NA

Stafford said, referring to the music band. Studies suggest willpo-

61. Complete as perguntas abaixo com o pronome interrogativo wer is like a muscle: It can be strengthened, but can also become
DO

adequado: exhausted. Because the Internet is always "on," staying on task re-
I. _____ was this house built? In 1980. II. ______ hit you? Martha’s quires constantly flexing that willpower muscle, which can exhaust
O

brother hit me. III. __________ do you study English? Twice a week. a person's self-control.
IN

IV. __________ sisters do you have? Two. Their names are Paola and For those who want to loosen the grip of the Web on their lives,
ST

Marianne. V. __________ is your school? Only 2 Km. a few simple techniques may do the trick. Web-blocking tools that
LE

Assinale a alternativa com a sequência correta de respostas: limit surfing time can help people regain control over their time.
CE

Another method is to plan ahead, committing to work for 20 mi-

a) When – Who – How often – How many – How far nutes, or until a certain task is complete, and then allowing five
S

b) When – What – How many – Who – Where minutes of Web surfing, Stafford said.
EU

c) Where – Who – How many – How many – What (Adapted from: http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/computers/sto-
AT

d) When – Who – Which – Who – What ries/why-the-internet-is-so-addictive)

8M

e) What – What – How – How much – How old

63. The word It in “It can be strengthened” (paragraph 3) refers to
79

62. PREJUDICE
04

There is a crippling disease that no amount of medical research a) research.

1

can cure, no amount of fundraising can prevent – a disease most b) willpower.

00

often transmitted from parent to child. c) Wikipedia.

1

If this disease isn’t checked in its early stages, it can be fatal. d) Internet.
21

The disease is called racism. Its early symptom is the belief that
TO

one’s racial group is somehow superior to others. This can lead to a 64. In the sentence “All over the globe are historical mysteries left
EN

mentality of “we” versus “them”. In advanced stages, the symptoms to us by the ancient world”, the word us is
of racism are violence, death and destruction. The causes are fear
IM

of the foreign (xenophobia), intolerance of diversity and negative a) a personal subject pronoun.
SC

attitudes toward Jews and other minorities. b) a personal object pronoun.

NA

A cure, however, exists. It's a non-surgical change of heart. It c) a possessive adjective pronoun.
takes time, effort and understanding, compassion and respect. d) none of the above
DO

Institute for the Healing of Racism, Utah.

Adapted from English for All, Eliana/Maria Clara/Neuza, V. 2, Saraiva, 65. Complete the dialog with the correct pronouns.
NO

São Paulo, 2010 . p. 83.

“Do ____ know Andy?"
I
ST

Its in the sentence: “if this disease isn’t checked in its early stages, “Sure, he is in my class, I study with ____. Why?"
LE

it can be fatal”, refers to: “Oh, nothing. I want ____ to help me, that's all."
CE

“I have ____ 'phone number. Call him!"

a) racism. “Ok, thanks!"
US
TE

69
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) You – him – his – his d) Subject pronoun and possessive adjective.

TI
b) You – his – his – he e) Subject adjective and possessive adjective.

ES
c) You – him - him – his
d) I – he – him – him

L
CE
e) I – he – his – his

S
EU
AT
8M
79
04
01
68. The term “it”, in the second panel of the comic, substitutes

10
21
a) “I”.
b) “you”.

TO
c) “J... O... K... E... S!”.

EN
d) “stressing about”.
e) “write jokes”.

IM
SC
66. “their and themselves”, underlined in the text, are respectively
NA

a) relative pronoun / objective pronoun

DO

b) possessive pronoun / reflexive pronoun

c) reflexive pronoun / possessive adjective
O

d) possessive adjective / reflexive pronoun

IN
ST
LE
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
104
00

69. The underlined pronoun “they” (l. 8) refers to:

1
21

a) The researchers
TO

b) Teachers
EN

c) Behaviourists
d) Errors
IM

e) Teaching methods
SC
NA

70. Check the correct option.

A: Barbara likes _______ teachers. Do you like _______? B: Oh, yes! I
DO

like _______ very much.

NO

a) she, them; they;

67. "We" and "Our" are been used in the text as b) her, they; them;
I
ST

c) hers, theirs; theirs;

LE

a) Subject pronoun and relative pronoun. d) her, yours; them.

CE

b) Object pronoun and personal pronoun.

c) Object pronoun and possessive pronoun. 71. Fill in the blank with the correct Pronouns. “_______ dog is bro-
S

wn, _______ is caramel.”

U
TE

70
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Mexicans can thank the peso crash for one thing: IT has forced

TI
a) His - my them to confront the country's deep-seated political problems.

ES
b) It – mine Disappointed with the ruling party, the PRI, they are demanding a
c) Yours – hers truly First World government.

L
CE
d) Ours - theirs
e) Our – hers 76. In the above text, IT refers to:

S
EU
72. Complete the sentence below with the correct pronoun. Choo- a) Mexicans.

AT
se the CORRECT answer. (Pronouns) b) peso crash.

8M
_______ friends John and Phillip are coming to visit us. c) PRI.
d) Mexico.

79
a) Your. e) political problems.

04
b) Their.

01
c) Our. 77. __________ work in the field of engineering.

10
d) My.

21
a) She
b) They

TO
c) He

EN
73. Check the correct answers to fill in the blanks. d) Them
If you lend me ______ book, I can lend you ______. e) It

IM
SC
a) yours – my 78. Na frase "Women now become doctors at nearly the same rate
NA

b) your – my as men, but they become physicians, not surgeons", o pronome

c) yours – mine they refere-se a:
DO

d) mine – your
e) your – mine. a) doctors.
O

b) physicians.
IN

Read the comic strip in order to do the question below. c) surgeons.

ST

d) men.
LE

e) women.
CE

79. In the sentence "Please give us the intelligence to save what is

S

left of our environment", the pronouns us and our relate to:

EU
AT

a) we.
8M

74. The correct pronoun that completes the third bubble speech is b) they.
c) I.
79

a) they. d) she.
04

b) it. e) you.
1

c) theirs.
00

d) its. 80. Which option contains the correct use of the pronouns?
1

e) them. I. Could you tell __________ what has happened in the pub?
21

II. His uncle gave __________ the money to set up his new business.
TO

Love Among the Laundry III. It was kind of you to let me borrow __________ computer.
EN

When Sally found a man's striped sock curled among her clothes IV. She ignored __________ father's warning and jumped into the
at the launderette she returned it to the tall dark young man with swimming pool.
IM

a shy smile. They met there every week for several months, then V. Just a minute, I'm going to hang __________ jacket in the war-
SC

were seen no more. One of their wedding presents had been a wa- drobe.
NA

shing machine. (Molly Burnett)

a) I. me; II. him; III. your; IV. her; V. my
DO

75. The word IT in “she returned it to the tall dark young man” refers b) I. them; II. her; III. your; IV. her; V. your
to: c) I. him; II. them; III. his; IV. its; V. mine
NO

d) I. her; II. us; III. their; IV. our; V. yours

a) a smile. e) I. us; II. his; III. her; IV. his; V. him
I
ST

b) a sock.
LE

c) the launderette.
CE

d) the laundry
e) the machine.
US
TE

71
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
b) None

TI
c) Nobody

ES
d) Somebody
e) Anybody

L
CE
85. _________ of you can speak English well.

S
EU
a) None

AT
b) Nothing

8M
c) Nobody
d) Anybody

79
e) Someone

04
01
81. “Nobody”, (line 7), can be replaced by

10
21
a) no one.
b) anybody.

TO
c) everyone.

EN
d)any person

IM
Read the extract from the text SC
‘When the light turns green and there are no other cars in the in-
NA

tersection, (...)’
DO

82. Mark the option that can replace the underlined sentence.
O

a) there are some other cars

IN

b) there aren’t any other cars

ST

c) there is another car

LE

d) there are a few other cars 86. In picture 3, the pronoun “that” could have been omitted wi-
CE

e) there aren’t many cars thout a change in meaning. Mark the alternative in which “that”
can NOT be omitted.
S
EU

a) I didn’t realize that Mafalda had gone to hospital.

AT

b) Mafalda is the girl that suffered an accident.

8M

c) Mafalda thinks that she’s in trouble now.

d) Everybody knows that being in hospital can be hard.
79

e) The truck driver never thought that he could run over some-
04

one.
1
00

Every week, millions of dollars are spent, and won, on the lottery ti-
1

ckets. The jackpot in many lotteries can be as much as 100 million,

21

and winners suddenly find ________ with more money than ever
TO

before.
EN

(Active- Skills for reading)

IM

GLOSSARY
SC

jackpot – aposta total , prêmio

NA

83. “Nothing”, (line 11), means

87. Fill in the blank, in the extract, with the appropriate reflexive
DO

a) little. pronoun.
b) a little.
NO

c) not a thing. a) themselves

d) no such thing . b) ourselves
I
ST

c) yourself
LE

84. _________ cures a headache faster than an aspirin. d) himself

CE

a) Nothing
US
TE

72
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
L ES
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
04
01
10
21
88. Fill in the blank with the appropriate reflexive pronoun:

TO
EN
a) itself
b) himself

IM
c) ourselves SC
d) themselves
NA
DO
O
IN
ST
LE
CE

89. Choose the right alternative to have the blank filled in the let-
ter:
S

90. Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:

EU

a) itself
AT

b) herself a) The verb form “has approved” (l. 1) describes an action dis-
8M

c) himself connected from the present time.

d) yourself b) The relative pronoun “which” (l. 8) can be correctly replaced
79

by that.
04

c) The possessive pronoun “its” (l. 10) refers to “Japan” (l. 11).
1

d) The word “like” (l. 11) is functioning as a verb.

00

e) The modal “may” (l. 12) expresses necessity.

1
21

“the kind of people who already buy Blackberry phones.”

TO
EN

91. The pronoun “who”, in this sentence, can be correctly replaced

by
IM
SC

a) that.
NA

b) whom.
c) whose.
DO

d) which.
e) those.
NO

92. Observe the excerpt from Text 01 that follows. Mark the correct
I
ST

alternative about the use of “where”.

LE

Excerpt 02: “One death was reported in São Paulo state, where a
CE

young man was run over by a SUV at an intersection during a de-

monstration, state police said.”
US
TE

73
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
a) It's a relative pronoun that refers to “São Paulo state”.

ES
b) It's a relative pronoun that refers to “at an intersection”.
c) It could be replaced by when and keep the same meaning. Pronuns

L
CE
d) It's an interrogative pronoun.
e) It's an interrogative pronoun that refers to “São Paulo state”. 1. Choose the alternative that correctly completes the senten-

S
ces according to the right use of pronouns.

EU
AT
Dear friend, thanks for ____email. It is so nice to hear from
GABARITO

8M
GABARITO ______. Let ____tell you ______news, even though ______are
much more interesting.

79
APRENDIZAGEM

04
a) yours - you - I - mine – your
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A

01
b) your - you - me - my – yours

10
6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A c) you - yours - my - his – they

21
d) my - me - mine - my – you
11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B
e) yours - I - I - mine – theirs

TO
16. C 17. A 18. E 19. B 20. D

EN
21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A As a scientist working in Antarctica, I spend most of
my time in the lab studying ice. (…) Antarctica is the center

IM
26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B
of important scientific research, and it must be preserved for
SC
31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C this purpose. (…) When tourists groups came here, they take
NA

us away from our research. Our work is difficult, and some of

APROFUNDAMENTO our projects can be damaged by such simple mistakes as ope-
DO

1. B 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. A ning a wrong door or bumping into a small piece of equipment.

Taken from BARTON et al. Northstar.
O

6. A 7. A 8. E 9. A 10. A
New York: Longman, 2004, p. 22.
IN

11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D

ST

16. C 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. D 2. According to the text, the word “it”, in line 3, refers to
LE

21. A 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. D

CE

a) ice c) Antarctica
26. E 27. E 28. D 29. E 30. B b) Scientist d) scientific research
S
EU

31. D 32. A 33. B 34. E 35. E

The job of a pilot is difficult and risky, but presti-
AT

36. A 37. A) 38. A 39. B 40. C

gious. Airline pilots often travel thousands of kilometers and
FALSE B)
8M

TRUE can find themselves in a different time and climate zones

every day. ____see all parts of the world and get to know new
41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. C
79

people almost all the time. But a pilot also faces problems.___
04

46. D 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. C often suffer from jet lag and can become tired when flying
1

51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C through different time zones. ___ spend many days away from
00

home and ___ families.

1

56. B 57. D 58. D 59. B 60. C

21

61. A 62. E 63. B 64. B 65. C

TO

66. D 67. D 68. E 69. D 70. D

EN

71. E 72. C 73. E 74. E 75. B

IM

76. B 77. B 78. E 79. A 80. A

SC

81. A 82. B 83. C 84. A 85. A

NA

86. B 87. A 88. C 89. C 90. B

DO

91. A 92. A
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

74
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
Although many people think it is a real dream job 6. Choose the alternative that best completes the blank in the

ES
pilots must be responsible people because they have the li- text:
ves of up to a few hundred passengers in their hands. They

L
CE
have to have hundreds of hours of training before they can do a) who c) whom
their job. Pilots must remain calm in dangerous situations b) which d) whose

S
and always have to make the right decisions. They need to

EU
see and hear perfectly. About 60 % of all pilots fly commer-

AT
cial airplanes, the rest fly cargo and private planes, as well JetBlue ... The crisis? Never heard of it…

8M
as air force planes.
Adapted from https://www.english-online.at/travel/ The domestic air transport market in the USA must

79
airline-pilot/commercial-airline-pilot.htm seem highly unstable to newcomers, including low-cost car-

04
riers. Of the 82 airlines formed in ten years ___ followed de-

01
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct options, respectively. regulation in 1978, only two have survived - America West and

10
Mid-west Express. Statistics show that three-quarters of all

21
a) They – They – Them – them projects never even get off the ground and that most of the
b) They – Their – Them – their others crash in less than five years. Paradoxically, Southwest

TO
c) They – They – They – their Airlines, the No.1 success story in the US air transport today, was

EN
d) They – They – They – them founded before deregulation (in 1972), though it did take ad-
vantage of it. Many of those who tried to imitate the Southwest

IM
4. Which question word best completes the paragraph below? model came to grief. Not JetBlue, __ just four years after it was
SC
formed is continuing to grow at a spectacular rate.
NA

So if smoking is so bad for you, ______ is it so hard to Fonte: Revista Planet Aero-Space
quit? Stopping smoking is difficult for several reasons: nicotine
DO

is highly addictive, rewarding psychological aspects of smoking GLOSSARY

and genetic predisposition. come to grief – falir
O

(Adapted from http://www.spine-health,com/wellness/ deregulation – desregulamentação

IN

stop-smoking)
ST

a) what d) whose 7. The best alternative to complete the text is:

LE

b) when e) why
CE

c) who a) that / how c) that / which

b) when / that d) which / when
S

5. Read the dialogue and mark the right expression to com-

EU

plete it correctly. Twenty - first Century Birdwatching

AT
8M

A: ________have you been working as a sergeant? “Our ancestors could spot natural predators from far
B: For about 2 years. by their silhouettes. Are we equally aware of the predators in
79

the present-day?”Drones are remote-controlled planes that

04

a) How c) How much can be used for anything from surveillance, to rescue opera
1

b) How long d) How many tions and scientific research. Most drones are used today by
00

military powers for remote – controlled surveillance and attack,

1

Economic crisis increases consumption of rice and and their numbers are growing. The Federal aviation Adminis-
21

beans in Brazil tration (FAA) predicted in 2012 that within 20 years there could
TO

be as many as 30.000 drones flying over U.S. Soil alone. As ro-

EN

The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer exchan- botic birds will become commonplace in the near future, we
ge meat for the traditional dish of rice and beans. High unem- should be prepared to identify them.
IM

ployment and falling incomes, together with the low prices of (Adapted from https://medium.com/looking-up/21st-
SC

these products, caused by good harvest, are responsible for the -century-birdwatching)
NA

increase in demand, _____ will be 15% to 20% this month, com-

pared to the prediction for the year. The average consumption 8. “Their”, (line 7), underlined in the text, refers to
DO

per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans.

Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional a) powers. c) numbers.
NO

-10/05/2017 b) drones. d) surveillance and attack.

I
ST

it's never too late to make a change to prevent diseases that

LE

may end your flying career. And becoming healthier doesn’t

CE
US
TE

75
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
She works hard every day.

TI
Ela trabalha duro todo dia.

ES
mean you have to make major changes. Here are some tips
on what you can do today to keep yourself in the air years to Note que, na primeira frase, a palavra hard qualifica o verbo work.

L
CE
come. É, portanto, um advérbio. Na segunda, a mesma palavra (hard)
-take the stairs instead of riding the elevator; qualifica o substantivo day. É, pois, um adjetivo. Lembramos que os

S
-limit red met; adjetivos em inglês são sempre invariáveis e vêm antes dos subs-

EU
-consume more vegetables; tantivos.

AT
-wear UV blocking sunglasses;

8M
-walk more; Ordem dos Adjetivos
Uma coisa que aprendemos desde as primeiras aulas de língua in-

79
-try a yoga class; glesa é que os adjetivos sempre antecedem o substantivo. Exem-

04
-don’t smoke; plos como The White house, The pink panther, Desperate Housewi-

01
-drink a lot of water; ves, e (por que não?) Red Hot Chili Pepers nos ajudam a lembrar

10
-find an activity that you love after retirement. bem disso. Mas quase sempre se faz necessário falar sobre algo

21
Fonte: http//goo.gl/W3uCRU Acess 30/05/2017 usando bem mais que um adjetivo. Por exemplo, o que vem a sua
cabeça ao olhar (ou descrever) um objeto?

TO
9. The word “yourself”, in bold in the text, is a __________ pro-

EN
noun. Em algumas situações somos obrigados a usar mais de um adje-
tivo juntos. Devemos, então, considerar se o adjetivo exprime um

IM
a) personal c) possessive fato ou uma opinião. Informações sobre cor, tipo, tamanho, idade
SC
b) reflexive d) demonstrative etc. são factuais. Adjetivos como bonito e interessante exprimem
NA

opiniões pessoais ou globais sobre o que se fala. Geralmente, os

“ Miss Emlyn read us some of it. I asked Mummy to read some adjetivos factuais são usados após os adjetivos de opinião. Temos
DO

more.I liked it. It has a wonderful sound. A brave new world. então:
There isn’t anything really like that, is there?”
O

“You don’t believe in it?” 1. OPINIÃO

IN

“ Do you?” 2. TAMANHO/PESO
ST

“There is always a brave new world”, said Poirot, “but only, you 3. IDADE
LE

know, for very special people. The lucky ones. The ones who 4. TEMPERATURA
CE

carry the making of that world within_____.” 5. FORMA

(Adapted from Agatha Christie, Hallow’em Party) 6. COR
S

7. ORIGEM
EU

10. Fill in the blank, in the text, with the appropriate reflexive 8. MATÉRIA-PRIMA/FEITO DE OU COMO (material)
AT

pronoun. 9. PROPÓSITO
8M

a) yourselves c) ourselves + SUBSTANTIVO

79

b) yourself d) themselves
104

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
00

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
1
21

Uma “colinha” pra decorar a ordem dos adjetivos é lembrar

TO

da frase: Very Soon a Train Should Come, onde V = value,

EN

S = size, A = Age, T = Temperature, S(2) = Shape e C = Color/

6 Origin
IM

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
SC
NA

He bought a pair of nice solid white Italian leather shoes.

ADJECTIVES Ele comprou um par de belos sapatos italianos de couro branco.
DO

Os adjetivos são modificadores de substantivos. Já os advérbios She bought a beautiful new red car.
NO

são palavras que atuam na frase como modificadores de verbos, Ela comprou um belo carro novo vermelho.
adjetivos ou até mesmo de outros advérbios
I
ST

Para criar um “guia” para a colocação adjetiva devemos lembrar

LE

She had a hard day yesterday. que, mesmo dentro de compostos adjetivos, uma palavra pode ser
CE

Ela teve um dia duro ontem. qualificadora da outra, devendo, então, vir primeiro.
US
TE

76
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Formação dos Adjetivos inferioridade e superioridade. Antes de irmos, entretanto, às defini-

TI
ções delas, devemos analisar a definição de adjetivos e advérbios

ES
Existem vários sufixos que podem ser agregados aos substantivos quanto ao tamanho.
para formar adjetivos. Vejamos alguns:

L
CE
Adjetivos Longos e Curtos
Substantivo Adjetivo

S
Quanto ao tamanho (ou ao número de sílabas, escolham), os ad-

EU
Hunger + y Hungry jetivos (e os advérbios) dividem-se em longos e curtos. Os cha-

AT
mados adjetivos curtos são aqueles que possuem até duas sílabas.
Danger + ous Dangerous

8M
Podemos usar como exemplo as palavras hot, fat, thin, clear
etc. Os chamados adjetivos longos são aqueles que possuem mais

79
Brazil + ian Brazilian
de duas sílabas. Podemos citar como exemplo beautiful, expen-

04
Pain + less Painless sive, comfortable etc.

01
10
Read + able Readable Comparativo de Igualdade

21
Trouble + some Troublesome As adjetivo|advérbio as

TO
Tanto|tão ... quanto – afirmativas e negativas
Beauty + ful Beautiful

EN
So adjetivo|advérbio as

IM
Logic + al Logical
Tanto|tão ... quanto – negativas
SC
NA

Há verbos que podem exercer função de adjetivo em determina- Susie is as beautiful as Sandy.
dos contextos, desde que estejam na -ING Form ou no Past Parti- Susie é tão bonita quanto Sandy.
DO

ciple:
This building is not as high as the Empire State.
O

She is an interesting girl. Este prédio não é tão alto quanto o Empire State.
IN

Ela é uma garota interessante.

ST

Jane is not so tall as Bruno.

LE

My mother is very tired. Jane não é tão alta quanto Bruno.

CE

Minha mãe está cansada.

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
S

My heart is broken. I can’t live without her.

EU

Meu coração está partido/quebrado. Eu não consigo viver sem ela.

AT

O comparativo de igualdade também pode ser usado para

8M

Diferenças entre “-ing” e “–ed”adjectives” dizer o quanto uma coisa é mais que a outra. Para isso, utili-
zam-se expressões como twice, three times, four times
79

Os adjetivos terminados em “ing” descrevem o que algo ou alguém é. (duas, três, quatro vezes) etc.
04

Os adjetivos terminados em “ed”descrevem emoções, ou seja,

1

como alguém se sente.

00

This building is twice as high as that one.

1

Examples : Este prédio é duas vezes mais alto do que aquele.

21
TO

Surprised [surpreso(a)] Comparativo de Inferioridade

EN

Less adjetivo|advérbio than

Surprising [surpreendente]
IM

Menos ... que

SC

Bored [entediado (a)]

NA

Kate seemed less interested than Paula in the results of the tests.
Boring [entediante, monótono] Kate parecia menos interessada que Paula nos resultados das pro-
DO

vas.
Geralmente, tais adjetivos derivam de verbos. [nos casos acima,
NO

dos verbos to surprise and to bore, respectivamente]. • É aconselhável evitar o uso do Comparativo de Inferioridade
com adjetivos curtos. Deve-se procurar usar um antônimo no
I
ST

Comparatives Comparativo de Superioridade.

LE
CE

Os comparativos são usados em inglês basicamente da mesma Rio de Janeiro is less cold than São Paulo.
forma que em Português, em suas três formas básicas: igualdade, O Rio de Janeiro é menos frio que São Paulo.
US
TE

77
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Boring – more boring

TI
Comparativo de Superioridade

ES
Para definirmos como usar o Comparativo de Superioridade é • Alguns não possuem terminações especiais, apenas seguem a
necessário primeiramente identificar qual o tipo de adjetivo ou regra do comparativo analítico:

L
CE
advérbio está sendo utilizado (curto ou longo).
Eager – more eager

S
1- Forma Comparativa Sintética Drunk – more drunk

EU
Adjetivo|advérbio + er than Real – more real

AT
Mais ... que – adjetivos|advérbios curtos Recent – more recent

8M
My car is cleaner than yours. • Alguns adjetivos admitem tanto a forma sintética quanto a

79
Meu carro é mais limpo que o seu. analítica. Os principais são:

04
01
This book is cheaper than that one. Simple – simpler/more simple

10
Este livro é mais barato do que aquele. Clever – cleverer/more clever

21
Polite – politer/more polite
2- Forma Comparativa Analítica Common – commoner/more common

TO
More adjetivo|advérbio than Pleasant – pleasanter/more pleasant

EN
Mais... que – adjetivos|advérbios longos Handsome – handsomer/more handsome

IM
Picasso’s paintings are more expensive than Dali’s. Comparativos Especiais
SC
As obras de Picasso são mais caras que as de Dali. a) Parallel Increase
NA

He’s more adventurous than I am. The higher the top, the longer the drop.
DO

Ele é mais aventureiro do que eu. Quanto mais alto, maior o tombo.
O

Considerações Sobre as Formas Sintética e Analítica The harder he works, the happier his boss will be.
IN

• Para os adjetivos curtos temos a mesma regra (guardadas as Quanto mais duro ele trabalha, mais feliz seu chefe ficará.
ST

devidas proporções) do CVC: Quando tivermos um conjunto

LE

consoante + vogal + consoante, a última será dobrada: The more demanding a person is, the less worries she’ll have at
CE

work.
Hot – hotter Quanto mais exigente uma pessoa é, menos preocupações ela
S

Big – bigger terá no trabalho.

EU

Fat – fatter
AT

b) Gradual Increase
8M

• Quando tivermos uma palavra terminada em -y antecedido de

consoante, devemos substituí-lo por -ier: She is getting fatter and fatter.
79

Ela está ficando cada vez mais gorda.

04

Happy – happier
1

Dirty – dirtier The kids are becoming taller and taller.

00

Shy – shier/shyer (ambas as formas são possíveis) Os garotos estão ficando cada vez mais altos.
1
21

• Quando terminar em -e, apenas acrescenta-se -r: Marla is more and more beautiful.
TO

Marla está cada vez mais bonita.

EN

Wide – wider
Nice – nicer Superlatives
IM
SC

• Palavras dissílabas com as terminações -id, -ive, -al, -ish, -ous, Pela própria definição de superlativo, ou seja, quando temos uma
NA

-ed, -ic, -ful e -ing seguem a estrutura analítica: coisa acima de todas as outras, não podemos falar em superlativo
de igualdade. Teremos então somente os superlativos de inferiori-
DO

Acid – more acid dade e superioridade.

Active – more active
NO

Central – more central Superlativo de Inferioridade

Lavish – more lavish The least adjetivo|advérbio
I
ST

Famous – more famous O menos...

LE

Tired – more tired

CE

Poetic – more poetic This group is the least likely of the four to win.
Useful – more useful Este grupo é o menos provável dos quatro para ganhar.
US
TE

78
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
Peter has been the least developed student since the classes Acid – the most acid

ES
started. Active – the most active
Peter tem sido o aluno menos desenvolvido desde que as aulas Central – the most central

L
CE
começaram. Lavish – the most lavish
Famous – the most famous

S
Tired – the most tired

EU
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES Poetic – the most poetic

AT
Useful – the most useful

8M
Boring – the most boring
Assim como no comparativo de inferioridade, devemos evitar

79
o uso de adjetivos|advérbios curtos. Eager – the most eager

04
Drunk – the most drunk

01
Real – the most real

10
Superlativo de Superioridade Recent – the most recent

21
Também teremos duas formas superlativas: a sintética e a analítica.
Simple – simplest/the most simple

TO
1- Forma Superlativa Sintética Clever – cleverest/the most clever

EN
The adjetivo|advérbio + est Polite – politest/the most polite
O mais... – adjetivos|advérbios curtos Common – commonest/the most common

IM
Pleasant – pleasantest/the most pleasant
SC
My car is the fastest of the family. Handsome – handsomest/the most handsome
NA

Meu carro é o mais rápido da família.

Deixamos para o final uma pequena lista de adjetivos/advérbios
DO

Karl is the kindest guy I’ve ever met. que não seguem regras para a formação do comparativo de supe-
Karl é o rapaz mais gentil que eu conheci. rioridade e do superlativo. Ei-la:
O
IN

Andrew is the oldest player of our team. Adjetivos/Advérbios Comparativo Superlativo

ST

Andrew é o jogador mais velho de nosso time. Good, well Better The best
LE

Bad, badly, ill, evil Worse The worst

CE

2- Forma Superlativa Analítica Little Less The least

The most + adjetivo|advérbio Much, Many More The most
S

O mais... – adjetivos|advérbios longos Far Farther The farthest

EU

Further The furthest

AT

Sarah is the most interesting woman I’ve talked to in my entire

8M

life.
Sarah é a mulher mais interessante com quem eu já conversei em
79

toda a minha vida.

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
1 04

Fernanda is the most attractive girl in the class.

00

Fernanda é a garota mais atraente da turma. 1. Fill in the blanks with the following adjectives.
1
21

Of all precious stones, the diamond is the most valuable. amazing surprising depressing
TO

De todas as pedras preciosas, o diamante é a mais valiosa. interesting boring shocking

EN

a) I found these documentaries about war pretty __________.

IM

IMPORTANTE
IMPORTANTE They show so many tragedies!
SC

b) The news was so __________ that she was speechless for

NA

Todas as considerações feitas para os comparativos servem about 5 minutes.

para os respectivos superlativos.. c) It`s ___________ how people adapt.
DO

d) I hate these long, lunchtime meetings. They`re so __________

e) I find it really ___________ that Polly and Joel are getting
NO

Hot – hottest Happy – happiest married.

Big – biggest Dirty – dirtiest f) The idea is very ___________. A car that runs on canola oil and
I
ST

Fat – fattest Shy – shiest/shyest doesn`t pollute the air!

LE
CE

Wide – widest
Nice – nicest
US
TE

79
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
7. Vanessa was much __________ than __________ of her friends.

ES
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
a) more smart – any c) smarter – any

L
CE
b) smart – some d) smart – some
1. Choose the best option.

S
8. The film was __________ than __________ other I have seen.

EU
My friend Sally was always teased because she did well in exams.

AT
The other students thought she was [obsessed / obsessing] with a) more real – no c) realer – any

8M
school but the fact was that, though it was sometimes a [tiring / b) most real – some d) more real – any
tired] activity, Sally simply did her homework and took her studi-es

79
seriously. Homework can be [boring/bored] but it`s definitely worth 9. For Mitiko this entrance examination was _______ the last one.

04
doing. Most students find it [annoying / annoyed] to stay at home

01
every night. But, what`s [fascinated/ fascinating] is that, if you just a) easy as d) easier than

10
do this, you`ll have plenty of time to have fun later, and that`s called b) so easy than e) more easy than

21
university! c) more easier as
Life can be [confused / confusing] sometimes but you`ll be [sur-

TO
prised / surprising] at how much you can accomplish if you make 10. This exam is not __________ difficult __________ I thought.

EN
an effort to do well at school. [Excited / exciting] times await you.
Those [depressed / depressing] nights of hard work will pay off and a) as – as d) so – how much

IM
you`ll have the last laugh. b) so – how
SC e) as – how
c) so – as
NA

2. Dadas as afirmações de que o adjetivo de:

11. Qual das opções abaixo não é uma forma comparativa?
DO

1) ANGER é ANGRY
2) FRIEND é FRIENDLY a) I walked farther than my friend.
O

3) HEALTH é HEALTHFULLY b) Claude drives as fast as Marcos.

IN

– Constatamos que está(estão) CORRETA(S): c) Peter speaks the least clearly.

ST

d) Beethoven is more famous than Prokofiev.

LE

a) Apenas a afirmação no 1. e) A silver ring is less expensive than a gold ring.

CE

b) Apenas a afirmação no 2.
c) Apenas a afirmação no 3.
S

d) Apenas as afirmações nos 1 e 2. 12. Escolha a única alternativa correta para preencher os espaços
EU

e) Todas as afirmações. em branco:

AT
8M

3. Mr. Reese demanded that Pat and I talked __________ so as not I. The United States coastline is not __________ as that of Brazil.
to disturb the others. II. The Everest is __________ mountain in the world.
79

III. Large apes are __________ than dogs.

04

a) softer b) softlier c) much softly d) more softly IV. Which disease is __________, cancer or aids?
1

V. No snake is __________ as the anaconda.

00

4. The __________ I study your suggestion, the ________ I liked it.

1

a) as beautiful – the higher – as intelligent – the worst – more

21

a) longest – least c) longer – less strong

TO

b) longer – little d) longer – least b) more beautiful – the most high – as intelligent – the badder
EN

– stronger
5. He ran __________ and finally won the race. c) so beautiful – higher – more intelligent – the baddest – stron-
IM

gest
SC

a) fast and faster c) fast and fast d) so beautiful – the highest – more intelligent – worse – as
NA

b) faster and fast d) faster and faster strong

e) as beautiful – highest – more intelligent – the worst – stron-
DO

6. Complete the dialogue: gest

NO

“Mario Andretti is a fast driver.” 13. The lecture we’ve attended was not good. It was quite
“Yes, but Piquet drives even __________.” __________, and the audience was __________.
I
ST
LE

a) fastly d) fast than a) amusing – amused d) boring – bored

CE

b) more fast e) faster b) bored – boring e) interesting – interested

c) more fastly c) amused – amusing
US
TE

80
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Why is everybody so serious

TI
14. About adjectives, choose the alternative that completes the Acting so damn mysterious

ES
sentences correctly: Got shades on your eyes
And your heels so high

L
CE
I. Is this [1] one you have? That you can’t even have a good time
II. Celine Dion sings [2] Madonna, but Madonna dances [3]. Everybody look to the left

S
III. I wish I was [4] Sean Connery. Everybody look to the right

EU
IV. The church is [5] monument of the town. Can you feel that yeah

AT
We’re paying with love tonight

8M
a) 1. the better; 2. best than; 3. well; 4. so handsome as; 5. the It’s not about the money money money
more ancient We don’t need your money money money

79
b) 1. the best; 2. so well as; 3. best; 4. more handsome than; 5. We just wanna make the world dance

04
the ancienter Forget about the price tag

01
c) 1. the worst; 2. worse than; 3. better; 4. most handsome than; Ain’t about the uh cha-ching cha-ching

10
5. the most ancient Ain’t about the yeah b-bling b-bling

21
d) 1. the best; 2. as well as; 3. better; 4. as handsome as; 5. the Wanna make the world dance
most ancient Forget about the price tag

TO
e) 1. the worse; 2. better than; 3. best; 4. as handsome than; 5. https://www.letras.mus.br/jessie-j/1777864/

EN
the least ancient
17. The underlined words, in the text, are

IM
15. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following SC
sentence: a) adjectives
NA

b) adverbs
The more I read this book, _____. c) nouns
DO

d) verbs
a) the less I understand it
O

b) most is what he doesn't know

IN

c) the least do I understand it

ST

d) more I like Read the following extract to answer question.

LE

e) the most I can understand

CE

Innovation in the language teaching field in the late 1980s and

16. Gregory “Greg” Heffley is an American middle school student 1990s has been stimulated by a special concern for the language
S

and also the main protagonist of the book series Diary of a Wimpy learning process. New methods propose that language learning
EU

Kid. is best served when students are interacting – completing a task

AT

Greg is lazy, petty, slightly narcissistic, sociopathic, ego- or learning content or resolving real-life issues – where linguistic
8M

tistical, eccentric, egocentric, usually backstabbing, and structures are not taught one by one, but where attention to lin-
sometimes even selfish and dishonest, and apparently la- guistic form is given as necessary. These views of language learning
79

cks talent. He hardly has any skills aside from video games and have been informed by research in second language acquisition.
04

possibly singing. However, despite all this, Greg has had his kind and Also giving learning a special focus are methodological innovations
1

caring moments, but not that often. of the late 1980s and 1990s. These include teaching learning strate-
00

Adapted from https://diary-of-a-wimpy-kid.fandom.com/wiki/ gies, using cooperative learning, and planning lessons in such a way
1

Greg_Heffley that different intelligences are addressed.

21

In the sentence in bold type, Greg’s personal characteristics are (Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000)
TO

mainly expressed by the use of ____________.

EN

18. Nos trechos retirados do texto “that language learning is best

a) conjunctions served” e “include teaching learning strategies”, a palavra destaca-
IM

b) adjectives da está sendo usada, respectivamente, como

SC

c) adverbs
NA

d) verbs a) substantivo e gerúndio.

b) adjetivo e substantivo.
DO

Price Tag c) gerúndio e adjetivo.

Jessie J. d) substantivo e substantivo.
NO

e) substantivo e adjetivo.
Seems like everybody’s got a price
I
ST

I wonder how they sleep at night 19. In the following excerpt: “(…) the government received notifi-
LE

When the sale comes first cations of 3,306 potential victims of modern slavery in England and
CE

And the truth comes second Wales (…)”, the underlined words are, respectively:
Just stop for a minute and smile
US
TE

81
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) A noun; an adjective; a noun; an adjective.

TI
b) An adjective; an adjective; a noun; a noun. a) an adjective

ES
c) An adjective; a noun; an adjective; a noun. b) a pronoun
d) A noun; a noun; an adjective; an adjective. c) a noun

L
CE
e) An adjective; a noun; a noun; a noun. d) a verb

S
Social media ’destroying how society works'

EU
AT
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing

8M
great harm to society around the world. The executive is a man
called Chamath Palihapitiya. He ___________ Facebook in 2007 a

79
n d ___________a vice president. He was responsible for increasing

04
the number of users Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels

01
very guilty about getting more people to use social networks. He

10
said the networks are destroying society because they are chan-

21
ging people's behavior. Twenty years ago, people talked to each
other face to face. Today, people message each other and do not

TO
talk. People also really care about what other people think of them.

EN
They post photos and wait to see how many people like the photo. 22. Which of the underlined words in the text is an adjective?
They get very sad if people do not like the photo.

IM
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break from social a) doing
SC
media so they can experience real life. He wants people to value b) walking
NA

each other instead of valuing online "hearts, likes, and thumbs-up". c) running
Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see d) encouraging
DO

the world, it is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies. It

is also becoming easier to hurt other people online. Anyone can
O

hide behind a fake user name and post lies about other people.
IN

Palihapitiya said this was a global problem. He is worried about so-

ST

cial media so much that he has banned his children from using it.
LE

However, he did state that Facebook was a good company. He said:

CE

"Of course, it's not all bad. Facebook overwhelmingly does good in
the world."
S
EU

20. All the underlined words in text I are adjectives, EXCEPT:

AT
8M

a) social. 23. The opposite of “willing”, (line 4), is

b) global.
79

c) long. a) alive.
04

d) executive. b) active.
1

e) former c) lively.
00

d) reluctant
1

Read the text and answer question.

21
TO

April
EN

There was a nice little girl which name was April.

One day, she asked her parents why she was called April. They
IM

answered that it was because she was born in April. The little girl
SC

liked her name and the month April too. Her parents made her a
NA

party, all her friends celebrated with her, and she received a lot of
presents.
DO

One day her mother became pregnant and April had a little bro-
ther. Her brother was born in February and everybody came and
NO

suggested names for the new baby.

April didn’t understand what the problem was. If the baby was
I
ST

born in February, the correct name should be February.

LE
CE

24. “terrific”, (line 4), is opposite to

21. The underlined word in the text is
US
TE

82
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) great.

TI
b) awful.

ES
c) excellent.
d) wonderful

L
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
04
01
10
21
TO
EN
IM
27. The opposite meaning of the verb “dim”, underlined in the text,
SC
is
NA

a) fade.
DO

b) emit.
c) darken.
O

d) brighten
IN
ST

25. All words underlined in the text are adjectives, except:

LE
CE

a) fixed-wing
b) low-pitched
S

c) disappeared
EU

d) single-engined
AT
8M
79
104
100
21
TO
EN
IM

26. According to the text, the word “watery”, (line7), is a(n)

SC
NA

a) adjetive.
b) adverb.
DO

c) noun.
d) verb
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

83
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
30. The words, underlined in the text, are

TI
ES
a) nouns.
b) adverbs.

L
CE
c) adjectives.
d) conjunctions

S
EU
Mother to small son: “Be sure to wash your arms before you put on

AT
your new shirt.”

8M
Small son: “Should I wash for long or short sleeves?”

79
31. The underlined word, in the anecdote, is a(n)

04
01
a) verb.

10
b) noun.

21
c) adverb.
d) adjective.

TO
EN
32. He ran __________ and finally won the race.

IM
a) fast and faster
SC c) fast and fast
b) faster and fast d) faster and faster
NA

33. In “Mother to small son:”, the opposite of the underlined word is

DO

a) big.
O

b) only.
IN

c) little.
ST

d) Young
LE
CE
S

28. If Mercedes (Amber Riley) is plus-size, (line 15), it means that

EU

she is __________.
AT
8M

a) thin
b) slim
79

c) large
04

d) in shape
1
00

29. All adjectives have a negative connotation, except

1
21

a) fearful (line 11).

TO

b) idealistic (line 5).

EN

c) underpaid (line 4). 34. The opposite of “poverty”, ( line 6 ), is

d) rebellious (line 16).
IM

a) fair.
SC

b) weak.
NA

c) wealth.
d) powerless
DO

How to prepare well for an interview

NO

It’s important to be well prepared for a job interview and practice

the best answers to possible questions an interviewer could ask.
I
ST

It is common for the interviewer to ask why you are unemployed,

LE

why you want to work in that company, what you know about it and
CE

what salary you are looking for. Some interviewers can ask ques-
tions about current affairs in Brazil and the world (so it is always
US
TE

84
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
good to be well informed). Read the following sentence taken from the text.

TI
(Adapted from Maganews Mar 2011)

ES
GLOSSARY "Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as they try to
current affairs – assuntos atuais control what is now the worst outbreak of the coronavirus in Eu-

L
CE
rope."
35. All the words below, in the text, are adjectives, except:

S
39. Mark the adjective that forms its Superlative the same way as

EU
a) well the underlined word.

AT
b) prepared

8M
c) important a) High.
d) unemployed b) Good.

79
c) Early.

04
d) Elderly.

01
e) Extraordinary .

10
40. Which option completes the tips below correctly?

21
TO
Leadership

EN
- ______ way to lead is to lead by example. A good leader tells you
how it’s done, a great one shows you how.

IM
- As a leader,________ thing that you can give your team members
SC
is your time. A lot of them will go through a bad phase or will be
NA

clueless about what to do. At those times, they need to know you
are there.
DO

- People will look up to you. At times, even for things in which they
are fa r________ than you. You don’t have to take their decisions,
O

just provide them your confidence so that they can take their de-
IN

cisions.
ST

36. The word “appealing” (line 9), in the text, is a(n) (Abridged from: https://yourstory.com/mystory/4b6ce51011-85-
LE

-things-ilearned-being-a-ceo)
CE

a) verb
b) noun a) The better / the bigger / the most skill
S

c) adverb b) The better / the bigger / more skilled

EU

d) adjective c) Better / bigger / most skilled

AT

d) The best / the biggest / more skilled

8M

37. In the sentence "There was a 1engthy pursuit, over seven hours", e) The best / the biggest / most skilled
there is a word formed by the suffix "y". In which option below the
79

word is formed by the same suffix?

104

a) lately
00

b) mostly
1

c) fury
21

d) ally
TO

e) healthy
EN

38. Mark the option that completes the paragraph below correctly.
IM

The Russian Vostok weather station in Antarctica has recorded

SC

temperatures as ______ as -89.2ºC (-128.6ºF). Here, the _______

NA

temperature ever measured is -14ºC (7ºF).

Adapted from <https://www.climatestotravel.com/clîmate/antarc- 41. The adjective form “the best” (line 3) and “nice” (line 4), un-
DO

tica>) derlined in the text, have as their comparative forms, respectively:

NO

a)lowest / high a) good and nicer.

b) low / higher b) better and nicer.
I
ST

c) low / highest c) best and the nicer.

LE

d) lower / higher d) the better and the nicest.

CE

e) lower / highest
US
TE

85
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
42. Mark the sentence which has an adjective that is NOT in the

TI
superlative degree. a) base form

ES
b) superlative form
a) Stephen Hawking, one of the most famous scientists of the c) comparative form

L
CE
21st century (...). d) past participle form
b) But his ideas (...) are the greatest legacy he left to the world.

S
c) He was not the best student at fundamental or high school. Read the text to answer question.

EU
d) His most notorious theory is that black holes can emit ra-

AT
diation. To tip, or not to tip?

8M
e) He started to get worse, and, eventually, became confined The word tip comes from an old English slang. Americans usually
to a wheelchair. tip people in places like restaurants, airports, hotels, and hair salons.

79
People who work in these places often get paid low wages. A tip

04
43. Todas as frases abaixo usam a forma comparativa do adjetivo, shows that the customer is pleased with service.

01
EXCETO: Usually depends on the service. People such as parking valets or

10
bell shops usually get (small) _____________ tips. The tip for peo-

21
a) The rent is cheaper, (linha 3) ple such as taxi drivers and waiters or waitresses is usually (large)
b) .... you reduce your possessions to the least possible. _____________.

TO
c) ....the more we have, the happier we will be. When you’re not sure about how much to tip, do what feels right.

EN
d) I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. You don’t have to tip for bad services. And you can give a (big)
e) But by having fewer things around,… _____________ tip for a very good service. Remember, though, your

IM
behavior is (important) _____________ than your money. Always
SC
treat service providers with respect.
NA

Adapted from Interchange

DO

46. Choose the alternative that completes the text with the cor-
rect comparatives.
O
IN

a) smaller – larger – bigger – more important.

ST

b) smaller – the largest – bigger – the most important.

LE

c) the smallest – the largest – bigger – the most important.

CE

d) the smallest – the largest – the biggest – the most impor-

tant.
S
EU

47. Choose the word that best completes the sentence below.
AT

_________________ place I’ve ever visited was the Netherlands.

8M

a) The most
79

b) The more far

04

c) The farthest
1

d) The far most

00

44. Choose the best alternative to have the text completed cor- e) The farest
1

rectly.
21
TO

a) more low
EN

b) the lowest
c) much lower
IM

d) the most low

SC
NA

Read the cartoon and answer question.

DO

48. The adjective that follows the same superlative rule as in “the
NO

most rewarding” (line 4) is

I
ST

a) the most cheap

LE

b) the most cruel

CE

c) the most safe

45. The word “easier”, in the text, is in the: d) the most old
US
TE

86
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
51. Choose the alternative so as to have the article completed cor-

TI
rectly:

ES
a) high – great

L
CE
b) higher – greater
c) higher – greatest

S
d) highest – greatest

EU
AT
8M
79
49. In “They are more interesting than lions and tigers ...”, (lines 2

04
and 3), it means that

01
10
a) dolphins, lions and tigers are equal in some way.

21
b) tigers and lions are less interesting than dolphins.
c) there are no circus animals so interesting as dolphins.

TO
d) dolphins compared with lions and tigers are less interesting.

EN
IM
SC
NA

52. All the alternatives below follow the same comparative form as
DO

“younger than”, (line 9), except:

O

a) fast
IN

b) clean
ST

c) cheap
LE

d) careful
CE

53. Mark the sentence that does NOT contain the use of compara-
S

tive adjective.
EU
AT

50. Choose the right alternative to have the blank filled: a) It's easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy the
8M

places where your favorite movies were made.

a) huge b) You’ll certainly have a better impression of the place.
79

b) bigger c) It’s fun to sometimes let a destination determine the movie

04

c) popular you’re going to live rather than the other way around.
1

d) greatest d) Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it into the
00

movie adaptations, which gives you a deeper view of the

1

destination.
21

e) A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour Roman

TO

Holiday themed excursion from HR Tours.

EN

54. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sen-
IM

tence:
SC

They finally decided to buy a __________.

NA

a) four-doors car
DO

b) four doors car

c) four-door car
NO

d) four-door-car
e) four-car
I
ST
LE

55. Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a sentença:

CE

Of all the movies I have seen lately, the one I saw yesterday was
__________.
US
TE

87
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
a) worse. 61. Depending on the situation, having a computer may be

ES
b) worst. __________ having a telephone.
c) the worse.

L
CE
d) the worst. a) easier
e) the most worse. b) more useful

S
c) more convenient than

EU
56. Fill in the gap: d) the most difficult

AT
- “You look fatter”. – e) useful than

8M
“That’s because I’ve been eating __________ than I used to”.
62. Which of the following words DOES NOT form the comparative

79
a) many more the same way as friendly in friendlier?

04
b) much more

01
c) a few a) high

10
d) more than b) healthy

21
e) any more c) sexy
d) costly

TO
57. Choose the correct grammatical answer: e) ugly

EN
I have been studying __________ I can to learn English.
63. The capital expression in "The moment of discovery was NO

IM
a) as hard as LESS MAGICAL THAN the day in 1922" means that the moment:
SC
b) so hard as
NA

c) as harder as a) was as magical as

d) so harder so b) was more magical
DO

e) so hard so c) was less magical

d) wasn't magical
O

58. The word that does not form the comparative in the same way e) was most magical
IN

as large or short is:

ST

64. All the alternatives below are examples of comparatives, EX-

LE

a) bad CEPT:
CE

b) sad
c) glad a) "...children as young as two..."
S

d) great b) "...scored higher than people who..."

EU

e) late c) "...listening longer results in staying smarter longer".

AT

d) "...Mozart was | ... a quick thinker".

8M

59. Which is the option that completes the sentences CORRECTLY? e) "Mozart makes you smarter!"
I. English is not __________ as Portuguese.
79

II. Australia is __________ island in the world. 65. The suffix -er in quieter is semantically equivalent to the suffix
04

III. In my opinion, Frank Sinatra was __________ singer of this cen- in:
1

tury.
00

IV. São Paulo is __________ as New York. a) manners.

1

V. Europe is __________ from Brazil than EUA. b) users.

21

c) caller.
TO

a) so difficult – bigger – the best – more noisier – as farther d) louder.

EN

b) difficultest – biggest – the good – as noisier – farther

c) as difficult – the biggest – the best – as noisy – farther 66. Choose the alternative in which BOTH words are examples of
IM

d) as difficult – the bigger – the best – so noisy – farther the comparative form:
SC

e) difficulter – most big – better – noisiest – so farther

NA

a) lower / friendlier
60. Complete: b) good-natured / miners
DO

John is __________ than the other students in his classroom, but he c) well-regulated / friendlier
is the __________. d) lower / miners
NO

e) well-regulated / miners
a) younger – most intelligent
I
ST

b) younger – more intelligent 67. Choose the alternative that correctly shows the comparative
LE

c) more young – intelligentest form of the adjectives below. far - good – bad – easy - old
CE

d) most young – more intelligent

e) more young – most intelligent a) further - best – worst – easier – oldest
US
TE

88
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
b) farther - better – worse – easiest - older
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
c) further - better – worse – easier – elder

ES
d) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
e) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest Adjectives

L
CE
Homeless crack addict revitalizes small square

S
in downtown São Paulo

EU
GABARITO
GABARITO

AT
A homeless man has chosen to occupy his free time

8M
revitalizing a small square on the corner of avenues São João
APRENDIZAGEM
and Duque de Caxias, in downtown São Paulo. He planted pau-

79
1. -brasil, palm, banana and avocado trees. He also planted boldo,

04
a) depressing sweet potatoes, beans, peppers and ornamental plants, such as

01
b) shocking snake plants. Residents noticed the square’s gradual changes

10
c) surprising and congratulated the author for the modifications.

21
d) boring
e) amazing Fonte: Folha de São Paulo Internacional – 21/03/2017

TO
f) interesting

EN
1. The words “small”, “sweet” e “ornamental”, underlined in the
APROFUNDAMENTO text, are __________.

IM
1. obsessed - tiring - boring - annoying - fascinating - confu- SC
sing - surprised - exciting - depressing. a) nouns c) pronouns
NA

2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. E b) adverbs d) adjectives
DO

7. A 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. C

12. D 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. B

O
IN

17. A 18. E 19. C 20. D 21. A

ST

22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A

LE

27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. D

CE

32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. D

S

37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. B

EU

42. E 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. A

AT

47. C 48. B 49. B 50. D 51. B

8M

52. D 53. C 54. C 55. D 56. B

79

57. A 58. A 59. C 60. A 61. C

04

62. A 63. A 64. D 65. D 66. A

1
00

67. C
1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

89
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
It’s never too late to make changes to prevent dise- 5. Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below?

ES
ases that may end your flying career. And becoming healthier
doesn’t mean you have to make major changes. Here are some No language is easy to learn well, though languages

L
CE
tips on what you can do today to keep yourself in the air for which are related to our first language are __________ . Lear-
years to come. ning a completely different writing system is a huge challen-

S
ge, but that does not necessarily make a language __________

EU
-take the stairs instead of riding the elevator; another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one lan-

AT
-limit red meat; - consume more vegetables; guage that is ______ language in the world.

8M
-wear UV-blocking sunglasses; (Adapted from www.usingenglish.com)
-walk more; - try a yoga class;

79
-don’t smoke; a) easier/ more difficult/ harder

04
-drink a lot of water; b) the easiest/ more difficult/ harder

01
-find an activity that you love after retirement. c) as easy as/ the most difficult/ the hardest

10
Fonte: http://goo.gl/W3uCrU Acess 30/05/2017 d) easier/ more difficult than/ the hardest

21
2. The adjective “healthier”, underlined in the text, is a The U2 was one of _____ military planes of the Cold

TO
__________. War. It was designed to fly high over a foreign country, take

EN
pictures and gather information.
a) superlative The U2 was built in Area 51, a secret place in Nevada,

IM
b) comparative of equality known for UFO sightings. The US Air Force built the area to cre-
SC
c) comparative of inferiority ate such a secret plane and test new weapons.
NA

d) comparative of superiority The single-pilot plane could fly at an altitude of over

20 km above the earth's surface. With its special cameras it
DO

3. Choose the alternative that contains the correct answer could take detailed photos and close-ups of objects on the
following the comparative form: ground. Today, the US Air Force still operates a modified ver-
O

sion of the U2, however it is not used as a spy plane any more.
IN

a) Non-smokers usually live longer than smokers. Current planes have a larger fuselage and need less fuel than
ST

b) My house is more big then yours. their predecessors of the Cold

LE

c)This top model is beautifuler than that one. War. They are also equipped with more sophisticated instru-
CE

d) Which is the very dangerous animal in the world? ments.

Some of them fly over Afghanistan and support American
S

4. Read the cartoon and answer question. soldiers on the ground. They also saw action during the Gulf
EU

War and the conflict in the Balkans. U2s are also used for rese-
AT

arch. NASA uses the former spy planes for tests in the atmos-
8M

phere.
79

(adapted from http://www.english-online.at/

04

news-articles/history/u2-spy)
1
00

“I find the easiest way to expand my vocabulary is to 6. Choose the correct alternative to complete the article (line
1

make up words.” 1).

21
TO

The underlined word in the cartoon implies an idea of: a) as famous as c) less famous than
EN

b) the most famous d) more famous than

a) comparative adjectives c) Comparisons
IM

b) superlative adjectives d) adverb Read the movie review below and answer question.
SC
NA

The Cutting Edge

DO

Skating fans, listen up! The Cutting Edge is a romantic mo-

vie with _____ skaters. The stars are practicing for the Winter
NO

Olympics. Kate Mosely looks _______ on the ice, but she isn’t a
_______ person. All her partners leave _____. Then her coach
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

90
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
7
introduces her to Doug Dorsey. Doug was a hockey star, so he

ES
skates well. At first, they argue. To Kate, Doug is the wrong choi- CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
ce (he is not a dancer). To Doug, ice dancing isn’t a serious

L
CE
sport.
Adapted from: Grammar Express Basic – For ADVERBS

S
EU
Self-Study and Classroom Use.
O advérbio é uma palavra que modifica um verbo, um adjetivo ou

AT
7. Choose the best alternative that completes the blanks with um outro advérbio. Os advérbios, de acordo com a circunstancia

8M
adjectives or adverbs. que expressam, podem ser:

79
a) well – beautifully – nicely – mostly Adverbs of Place (advérbios de lugar)

04
b) badly – beautiful – nicely – worst

01
c) well – beautifully – nicely – slow Here (aqui, neste lugar)

10
d) great – beautiful – nice – quickly

21
There (aí, lá, ali, para lá, nesse lugar, nesse ponto)
A Region’s Soccer Strongmen are facing a hard fall

TO
Near (próximo, perto, a pouca distância)

EN
After rising as a governor under Brazil’s military dictatorship,
José Maria Marin became such a towering figure in the world of Up (em cima, acima)

IM
Brazilian sports that the headquarters of the nation’s soccer fe- SC
deration was recently named in his honor. Now, the United Sta- Down (abaixo, para baixo). Exemplos: She lives there (Ela mora lá)
NA

tes Justice Department’s charging Mr. Marin, 83, and 13 other John Works here. (John trabalha aqui)
senior sports officials and executives across the Americas with
DO

taking part in a sweeping bribery and kickback scheme within Adverbs of Tme (advérbios de tempo)
FIFA, the governing body of global soccer. Of the 14 men na- Podem ser usados no início ou no final da oração.
O

med as defendants in the indictment, all but two of them are

IN

citizens of Latin American and Caribbean nations, a reflection Now (agora, já, imediatamente)
ST

of the investigation’s focus on corruption in the hemisphere.

LE

(Fonte: www.nytimes.com) Today (hoje)

CE

GLOSSARY Tomorrow (amanhã)

S

but: exceto
EU

bribery: suborno Last week (semana passada)

AT

headquarters: sede
8M

In 1997 (em 1997). Exemplo: I bought this computer yesterday. (Eu

8. All the words below, in the text, are adjectives, except: comprei este computador ontem)
79
04

a) Brazilian c) Caribbean Adverbs of Manner (advérbios de modo)

1

b) Americas d) Latin American Quickly (rápido)

100

9. Mark the option that contains an adjective in the same form Calmly (camamente)
21

as in “The safest industries and jobs are dominated by mana-

TO

gers [...]” (lines 62 and 63). Happily (rapidamente)

EN

a) “The truth is scarier.” (lines 77 and 78) Ex: She types quickly. (Ela digita rapidamente)OBSERVAÇÃO:Os ad-
IM

b) “[...] the least likely to be automated.” (lines 26 and 27) vérbios de modo são geralmente formados de um adjetivo mais o
SC

c) Where do machines work better than people?” (line 11). sufixo – “ly”:
NA

d) “Tractors are more powerful than farmers.” (lines 11 and 12)

calm + ly = calmly
DO

Adverbs of Degree (advérbios de intensidade)

NO

Too (muito, demais)

I

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

ST

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM Very (bastante, muito)

LE
CE

Almost (quase, perto)

Really (realmente)
US
TE

91
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Como você pôde observar anteriormente, o advérbio não é sem-

TI
Rather (antes, um tanto, melhor) pre formado pelo simples acréscimo de -ly ao final do adjetivo.

ES
Veja as demais regrinhas de formação:
Quite (completamente, bastante, razoavelmente)Ex: It is very

L
CE
cold. (Está muito frio) OBSERVAÇÃO: a. Os adjetivos terminados em y trocam o y por i antes de recebe-
rem o sufixo -ly:

S
Formação de Advérbios

EU
Formam-se advérbios em inglês (principalmente os de modo e easy (fácil) - easily (facilmente)

AT
intensidade) geralmente pelo acréscimo de -ly ao adjetivo: heavy (pesado) - heavily (pesadamente)

8M
lazy (prequiçoso) - lazily (preguiçosamente)
Adjetivo Advérbio happy (feliz, alegre) - happily (felizmente, alegremente)

79
Hungry Hungrily

04
Dangerous Dangerously b. Os adjetivos terminados em le trocam o le por ly:

01
Calm Calmly
Painless Painlessly

10
probable (provável) - probably (provavelmente)
Readable Readably

21
simple (simples) - simply (simplesmente)
Interesting Interestingly
whole (inteiro, total, completo) - wholly (inteiramente, to-

TO
Beautiful Beautifully
talmente, completamente)
Logical Logically

EN
horrible (horrível) - horribly (horrivelmente)
subtle (sutil) - subtly (sutilmente)

Adjective + ly = Resultant Adverb

IM
SC
c. Os adjetivos terminados em e (sem l antes do e) mantêm este
Adjective Advérbio Resultante
NA

e, e acrescentam ly; com a exceção de true e due:

careful (cuidadoso) carefully (cuidadosamente,
DO

com cuidado) brave (bravo) - bravely (bravamente)

immediate (imediato) - immediately (imediatamente)
O

especial (especial) especially (especialmente) Exceções:

IN

true (verdadeiro) - truly (verdadeiramente)

ST

extreme (extremo) extremely (extremamente) due (que se deve, devido, adequado, esperado) - duly (a
LE

tempo, pontualmente, diretamente)

CE

particular (particular, espe- particularly (particularmente,

cífico) especificamente) d. Os adjetivos terminados em ic acrescentam ally após o ic:
S
EU

slow (lento, vagaroso) slowly (lentamente, vagarosa- tragic (trágico) - tragically (tragicamente)
AT

mente) specific (específico) - specifically (especificamente)

8M

romantic (romântico) - romantically (romanticamente)

obvious (óbvio) obviously (obviamente) automatic (automático) - automatically (automaticamente)
79
04

e. Caso o adjetivo já termine em -ly, nada se acrescenta a ele para

1

strange (estranho) strangely (estranhamente) a formação do advérbio:

100

quick (rápido, ágil)* quickly (rapidamente, agil- Justine is tired of her daily routine. - daily = adjetivo (Justine está
21

mente) cansada da sua rotina diária.)

TO

Bob's column is published daily. - daily = advérbio (A coluna de

EN

complete (completo) completely (completamente) Bob é publicada diariamente.)

IM
SC

bad (mau, grave, intenso)* badly (mal, gravemente, inten- OBSERVAÇÕES

OBSERVAÇÕES
NA

samente)
DO

easy (fácil, tranquilo)* easily (facilmente, tranquila- Nem todas as palavras terminadas em -ly são advérbios
mente)
NO

- Algumas são adjetivos, como:

terrible (terrível) terribly (terrivelmente)
I
ST

lonely: Alice lives alone and often feels lonely. (Alice mora sozi-
LE

automatic (automático) automatically (automatica- nha e com frequência se sente só.)

CE

mente) silly: Her work is full of silly msitakes. (O trabalho dela está cheio
de erros bobos.)
US
TE

92
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
lovely: He has a lovely voice. (Ele tem uma voz adorável.) Devemos tomar muito cuidado com alguns advérbios, pois sua

TI
friendly: Everyone was very friendly towards me. (Todos foram construção se faz através da não-alteração do adjetivo, ou seja,

ES
muito amigáveis comigo.) adjetivo e advérbio possuem a mesma forma. Alguns dos principais
elderly: Elderly residents could remember the construction of são fast, hard, high, low, late, early e enough:

L
CE
the first skyscraper. (Habitantes idosos podiam lembrar a constru-
ção do primeiro arranha-céu.) My new car isn’t that fast. – Adjective

S
Meu carro novo não é tão rápido.

EU
- E outras são substantivos, como:

AT
rally (= rali, competição automobilística) Before the accident, he used to drive very fast. – Adverb

8M
folly (= loucura, estupidez, tolice, besteira) Antes do acidente, He costumava dirigir muito rápido.

79
Caso especial: Well He's a hard man to please. – Adjective

04
Ele é um homem difícil de agradar.

01
Há um advérbio que em nada é semelhante com o adjetivo: well

10
é o advérbio do adjetivo good. Exemplos: Life has beaten them hard. – Adverb

21
A vida bateu duro neles.
She's a good piano player - She plays the piano well.

TO
His English is very good - He Speaks English very well. This is really a very high building. – Adjective

EN
Este é realmente um prédio muito alto.
Utiliza-se well, e não good, com os particípios, formando substan-

IM
tivos compostos: That plane isn’t flying very high. – Adverb
SC
well-dressed (bem-vestido) well-known (bem-conhecido) Aquele avião não está voando muito alto.
NA

well-paid (bem-pago) well-educated (bem-educado)

The temperature is very low for the time of year. – Adjective
DO

Mas well também é um adjetivo (= not ill, in good health) em casos A temperature está muito baixa para a época do ano.
como:
O

- How are you? Speak low! I want to sleep! – Adverb

IN

- I'm very well, thank you, and you? Falem baixo! Eu quero dormir!
ST
LE

He is late. Again! – Adjective

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
CE

Ele está atrasado. De novo!

S

Nem sempre vai ser o advérbio que irá acompanhar o verbo. I like to sleep late. – Adverb
EU

Usa-se o adjetivo no lugar de advérbio após alguns verbos: Gosto de dormir tarde.
AT
8M

It’s early, come back to bed. – Adjective

Está cedo, volte pra cama.
79

Determinados verbos, os chamados verbos de ligação, são

04

acompanhados por adjetivo, e não advérbio. (Lembrando que I hate to wake up early. – Adverb
1

a palavra a que o adjetivo se refere é um substantivo ou pronome, e Odeio acordar cedo.

00

não um verbo. O adjetivo descreve como alguém ou alguma coisa

1

é.) There isn’t enough time/time enough for that. – Adjective

21

Não há tempo bastante para isso.

TO

- Verbos usados pra descrever um estado: be (ser), seem

EN

(estar), become (parecer), stay (ficar, permanecer), remain (ficar). Is he strong enough to lift that box? – Adverb
Ele é suficientemente forte para levantar aquela caixa?
IM

- Verbos usados para descrever uma qualidade: look (apa-

SC

rentar), sound (soar), feel (sentir-se), taste (ter gosto), smell (ter Advérbios Biformes
NA

cheiro de). Alguns adjetivos podem dar origem a advérbios que poderão assu-
mir significados diferentes:
DO

The dancer seemed / looked excited - e não excitedly.

(O Dançarino parecia empolgado.) Is there a train station near here? – Adjective
NO

Há uma estação de trem perto daqui?

That chocolate chip cake smelled good - e não goodly.
I
ST

(O bolo de gotas de chocolate cheirava bem.) He got near and talked. – Adverb
LE

Ele se aproximou e falou.

CE

Advérbios com a Mesma Forma dos Adjetivos

It's been nearly three months since my last haircut. – Adverb
US
TE

93
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Faz quase três meses desde o meu último corte de cabelo.

TI
They come here every day.

ES
I’m afraid of high places. – Adjective Eles vêm aqui todo dia.
Tenho medo de lugares altos.

L
CE
d) Advérbios de Intensidade: São usados antes da palavra que se
Hawks fly high. – Adverb quer intensificar.

S
Falcões voam alto.

EU
It’s too hot here.

AT
For our country to remain competitive, we need a highly-skilled, Está bastante quente aqui.

8M
highly-educated workforce. – Adverb
Para o nosso País permanecer competitivo, precisamos de uma e) Advérbios de Frequência: São usados antes do verbo principal ou

79
força de trabalho muito bem capacitada, extremamente instruída. após o verbo auxiliar.

04
01
Her handwriting is very hard to read. – Adjective She has never studied Chemistry.

10
A letra dela é muito difícil de ser lida. Ela nunca estudou química.

21
Work hard and play hard, that's my motto. – Adverb OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

TO
Trabalhar duro e jogar firme, esse é meu lema.

EN
The party had hardly started when she left. – Adverb Alguns advérbios de frequência, entretanto, quando possuírem

IM
A festa mal havia começado quando ela foi embora. sentido negativo ou restritivo, podem se apresentar no início
SC
da oração, desde que haja a anteposição do verbo auxiliar ao
NA

I can’t across the river swimming, it’s very wide. – Adjective sujeito:
Não consigo atravessar o rio nadando, ele é muito largo.
DO

We wide opened our arms. – Adverb I know, never will I see her again.
O

Nós abrimos bem os nossos braços. Eu sei, nunca a verei novamente.

IN
ST

His plays are still widely performed in the USA. – Adverb Seldom does he speak with her.
LE

As peças dele ainda são muito apresentadas nos EUA. Raramente ele fala com ela.
CE

It was late summer when the accident happened. – Adjective Ordem de Advérbios na Frase
S

Era final de verão quando o acidente aconteceu. Podemos ter, numa mesma frase, vários advérbios sendo usados
EU

concomitantemente. Neste caso usaremos a seguinte sequência:

AT

She never wakes up late. – Adverb

8M

Ela nunca acorda tarde. MODO – LUGAR – TEMPO (MANNER – PLACE – TIME)
79

She’s made good speeches lately. – Adverb I study hard in my bedroom every day.
04

Ela tem feito boas palestras ultimamente Estudo muito no meu quarto todo dia.
1
00

Posição de Advérbios I rest calmly here every day.

1

Dentre os vários tipos de advérbios que existem (modo, tempo, lu- Eu descanso tranquilamente aqui todo dia.
21

gar, intensidade, freqüência), cada um tem uma posição preferen-

TO

cial para aparecer na frase: Se o verbo for de movimento, porém, usaremos outra sequência:
EN

a) Advérbios de modo: Vêm, geralmente, no final das orações. LUGAR – MODO – TEMPO (PLACE – MANNER – TIME)
IM
SC

She types quickly. They go to work by bus every Friday.

NA

Ela digita rápido. Eles vão para o trabalho de ônibus toda sexta-feira.
DO

b) Advérbios de Tempo: Podem vir tanto no final (mais comum) The bird flew into the room graciously this morning.
quanto no início da oração (para dar ênfase). O pássaro voou graciosamente para dentro da sala esta manhã.
NO

I talked to them yesterday. Tomorrow we will have that meeting.

I
ST

Eu falei com eles ontem. Amanhã faremos a reunião.

LE
CE

c) Advérbios de Lugar: Vêm, geralmente, no final das orações ou

após verbos de movimento.
US
TE

94
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
I visit my dentist twice a year.

TI
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES Vou ao dentista duas vezes por ano.

ES
Posição dos advérbios de frequência indefinida:

L
CE
Quando tivermos dentro da frase vários advérbios do mesmo • no início ou no fim da frase para ênfase (ex. usually, normally, ge-
tipo, virá primeiramente a informação mais específica dentre nerally, regularly, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally)

S
estes advérbios. Em se tratando de advérbios de tempo, usare-

EU
mos primeiro o menor: Occasionally, you hear noises in the basement.

AT
Ocasionalmente, ouve-se barulho na cave.

8M
Sometimes he is naughty.
I was born in the morning, on December 20th, in 1976. Às vezes ele é mal comportado.

79
Eu nasci de manhã, no dia vinte de dezembro de 1976. Generally, he is a nice person.

04
Geralmente, ele é uma boa pessoa.

01
They got married on a rainy day in the fall of 1972. She is naughty sometimes.

10
Eles se casaram em um dia chuvoso no outono de 1972. Ela é mal comportada às vezes.
They don't come here often.

21
Advérbios de Frequência Eles não vêm cá muitas vezes.

TO
Existem dois tipos de advérbios de frequência — definida e inde- Do you see her often?

EN
finida. Você costuma vê-la muitas vezes?
She visits her mother on Sundays usually.

IM
Exemplos de advérbios de frequência definida: Ele visita a mãe nos domingos normalmente.
SC
NA

once (a day): uma vez (por dia) • no início da frase para ênfase (ex. always, never + im-
twice (a week): duas vezes (por semana) perativo)
DO

three times (a month): três vezes (por mês)

several times (a year): várias vezes (por ano) Always brush your teeth.
O

hourly: de hora em hora Escove sempre os dentes.

IN

daily, fortnightly diariamente, quinzenalmente Always lock the door when you leave.
ST

monthly, yearly :mensalmente, anualmente Tranque sempre a porta quando sais.

LE

every hour, every day: de hora em hora, todos os dias Never say never.
CE

every month, every year: todos os meses, todos os anos Nunca digas nunca.
on Saturdays, on Sundays: nos sábados, nos domingos Never forget what I said.
S

on weekdays: nos dias da semana Nunca esqueças o que eu te disse.

EU

at weekends: nos fins de semana

AT

• no meio da frase antes do verbo se este tiver a forma de uma

8M

Exemplos de advérbios de frequência indefinida: única palavra

79

Always: sempre I always get up early.

04

nearly always, almost always: quase sempre Eu sempre levanto cedo.

1

usually, normally: normalmente I usually watch television.

00

generally, regularly: geralmente, regularmente Eu normalmente vejo televisão.

1

often, frequently: muitas vezes, frequentemente I rarely drink wine.

21

sometimes, occasionally: às vezes, ocasionalmente Eu raramente bebo vinho.

TO

rarely, seldom: raramente I hardly ever study.

EN

almost never, hardly ever: quase nunca Eu quase nunca estudo.

never: nunca I never said that.
IM

from time to time: de vez em quando Eu nunca disse isso.

SC

again and again: repetidas vezes

NA

now and again, now and then: de quando em quando • no meio da frase a seguir ao verbo BE
at times: por vezes
DO

He is always late.
Posição dos advérbios de frequência definida: Ele chega sempre tarde.
NO

• no fim da frase (normalmente) He is usually lazy.

Ele é normalmente preguiçoso.
I
ST

John plays tennis every day. They are never on time.

LE

João joga ténis todos os dias. Eles nunca chegam à hora.

CE

February has 29 days eXvery four years. The weather is sometimes unpredictable.
O mês de Fevereiro tem 29 dias de quatro em quatro anos. O tempo é às vezes imprevisível.
US
TE

95
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
• no meio da frase a seguir ao primeiro verbo auxiliar
ATENÇÃO
ATENÇÃO

ES
He is always complaining.

L
CE
Ele está sempre a queixar-se.
100% Always (sempre)
I have often seen her.

S
Eu tenho a visto muitas vezes. Usually

EU
I would never have invited him. Frequently (frequentemente)   

AT
Eu nunca o teria convidado.
Often (com freqüência)

8M
Your request will never be granted.
50% Sometimes (às vezes)
O seu pedido nunca será aceito.

79
Occasionally (eventualmente)  

04
Exceto os verbos auxiliares used to, have to e ought to, que vêm
Rarely (raramente)

01
somente depois do advérbio:
Seldom (raramente)  

10
He never used to say that.

21
Hardly ever (quase nunca)
Ele nunca costumava dizer isso.

TO
I always have to remind him. 0% Never (nunca)   

EN
Eu tenho sempre de lembrá-lo.
You always ought to respect your elders.

IM
Você deve sempre respeitar as pessoas mais velhas. SC
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
NA

• no meio da frase a seguir ao sujeito nas interrogativas

DO

Do you always come here? 1. (Epcar 2016) In the sentence “Usually called ableism, a less well-
Você vem sempre aqui? -known form of prejudice” (lines 23 and 24), the underlined expres-
O

Does she usually study? sion means

IN

Ela estuda normalmente?

ST

Does he ever cook? (1) a) always. b) rarely. c) frequently. d) seldom.

LE

Ele alguma vez cozinha?

CE

2. (eear 2016) Choose the sentence that contains a one-word ad-

(1) nas interrogativas emprega-se EVER em vez de NEVER verb.
S
EU

• antes do verbo auxiliar nas respostas curtas a) We are having lunch in a big Japanese restaurant.
AT

b) I’ve bought an old table for my kitchen.

8M

She always works hard. but she never does! c) She lives in an amazing white house.
Ela sempre trabalha muito, mas ela nunca trabalha. d) Maria slowly opened her present.
79

You rarely go to the cinema, but I often do!

04

Você raramente vai ao cinema, mas eu vou muitas vezes.

1

He never studies.
00

Ele nunca estuda.

1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA

3. (Eear 2016) The word “innocently” (line 06), in bold type in the
text, is an adverb of
DO

a) time b) place c) manner d) probability

NO

4. (Eear 2012) In “…, don’t try to do the whole job at once.”, (lines 11
I
ST

and 12), the underlined expression is closest in meaning to

LE
CE

a) later. b) finally. c) occasionally. d) at the same time.

US
TE

96
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
“I have to prepare the country for the World Cup and the Olympics,

TI
but I also have another commitment, and that is to work very hard

ES
to end absolute poverty in Brazil. We still have 14 million in poverty. QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
That’s my major challenge,” Dilma Roussef, Brazil’s first female pre-

L
CE
sident, said.(Taken from The Washington Post Dec 5, 2010)
1. Read the sentences below.

S
GLOSSARY commitment – compromisso I- People shouldn't drive so ____.

EU
II- I need to see a doctor because I haven't been feeling well _____.

AT
5. “hard”, in bold type in the extract, is an adverb of III- Although she's tried _______ to find a new job, she's still unem-

8M
ployed.
a) time. b) place. c) manner. d) frequency. Which option completes the sentences correctly?

79
04
a) fast/ late / hardly

01
b) quickly/ late / hardly

10
c) quick / late / hard

21
d) fast/ lately / hard
e) quickly/ lately / hardly

TO
EN
2. - I have a question. What would happen if there were a beautiful
and highly intelligent child up in heaven waiting to be born and

IM
his or her parents decided that the children they already had were
SC
enough?
NA

- Your ignorance of theology and medicine is appalling!

- I still think it’s a good question!
DO

Adapted from https://www.peanuts.com/comics/

O

The words “beautiful”, “highly”, “intelligent” and “child”, in the con-

IN

text, are:
ST
LE

a) Adjective, adverb, adjective, noun

CE

b) Adjective, adverb, adverb, noun

c) Adverb, adjective, noun, adverb
S

6. “regularly”, (line 15), can be replaced by d) Noun, noun, adjective, adverb

EU
AT

a) often. b) seldom. c) hardly ever. d) almost never

8M
79
104
00
1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA

7. (Eear 2012) In “…their seemingly more successful ‘Facebook

DO

friends’…”, (lines 6 and 7), the underlined word can be replaced by

3. The word “honestly” underlined in the text is
NO

a) surely. b) positively. c) apparently. d) undoubtedly.

a) an adjective.
I
ST

b) an adverb.
LE

c) a noun.
CE

d) a verb.
US
TE

97
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
4. Marque a opção em que o item sublinhado NÃO é classificado ge class for a year, their eventual proficiency level and profile will

TI
como um advérbio. be different from one another. This is the result of a combination of

ES
the factors briefly mentioned above, compounded with the peda-
a) She casually checked her reflection in the mirror, [...] gogical methods that the learner has encountered. Generally spe-

L
CE
b) “Fortunately I was the boss and I just said, [...] aking, it can be stated that most individuals learn to communicate
c) Finally, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent basic information through a conversation in the target language in

S
wall which cord was which. (linhas 16-17) the first few years of active language study (provided that there are

EU
d) She wasn’t just seeing the twitches of aging but the early opportunities to use the language to create personal meaning). It

AT
fumes of the disease. is important to note that mere exposure or contact with the target

8M
e) She long suspected it would eventually find her. language in most cases is not sufficient to result in productive lan-
guage skills.

79
Brazil: Forest Protection Goes Digital (http://www.aeservices.net/English/newsletters/Oct2007.

04
html#B2)

01
10
6. The words: briefly (sentence 04) – classrooms (sentence 01) –

21
eventual (sentence 03) – generally (sentence 05) – mere (sentence
06) are, in these specific sentences, grammatically and respectfully

TO
classified as:

EN
a) adverb - object - adverb - adverb - adverb

IM
b) adverb - adverb - adjective - adverb - adjective
SC
c) adjective - noun - adverb - adverb - adjective
NA

d) adjective - object - adjective - adverb – adverb

DO

7. (EEAR 2016) Choose the sentence that contains a one-word ad-

verb.
O
IN

Landowners who broke Brazil’s environmental laws by clearing a) We are having lunch in a big Japanese restaurant.
ST

their farms of native forest used to have just one way to make right b) I’ve bought an old table for my kitchen.
LE

with government inspectors: plant trees. Now, they can clear their c) She lives in an amazing white house.
CE

names by just pointing and clicking. d) Maria slowly opened her present.
S

After decades of trying to protect rapidly shrinking forests, Brazil

EU

has launched a digital platform called BVRio, short for Bolsa Verde 8. Qual é a alternativa que apresenta apenas advérbios de frequ-
AT

do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro Green Exchange). Growers who ência?

8M

have more untouched forest than legally required can sell “quotas,”
one hectare at a time, to farmers who fall short for a price deter- a) badly – gently – fast – often
79

mined by supply and demand. Under the rule, growers have to keep b) often – rarely – usually – always
04

a minimum amount of native growth on their properties, ranging c) always – rarely – fast – softly
1

from 20 to 80 percent of their land depending on the type of ve- d) often – always – badly – fast
00

getation. The trading platform, launched in December 2012, allows

1

farmers to find and negotiate directly with each other. 9. Qual é a alternativa que apresenta apenas advérbios de modo?
21

(http://apdforum.com/en_GB/article/rmiap/articles)
TO

a) gently – fast – often – terribly

EN

5. The opposite of the underlined word in “rapidly shrinking fo- b) badly – silently – terribly – happily.
rests” is: c) happily – often – slowly – gradually
IM

d) fluently – today – yesterday – tomorrow

SC

a) quickly.
NA

b) slowly. 10. Qual alternativa NÃO é um advérbio de frequência?

c) quick.
DO

d) slow. a) often
b) usually
NO

LANGUAGE TEACHING c) sometimes

d) well
I
ST

Languages are taught and learned in various places, some in in- e) regularly
LE

formal settings, others in formal contexts, such as classrooms. It is

CE

common knowledge that regardless of the method used, second 11. Analyze the items below.
language learners achieve mastery of the target language to va- I - I recall telling him clearly that he had won;
S

rying degrees. Although 10 individuals may be in the same langua-

U
TE

98
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
II - I clearly recall telling him that he had won; 16. The incorrect sentence as to the position of adverbs is:

TI
III - In fact, she clearly is the one to deny.

ES
Observing the position of the underlined adverb, choose the cor- a) Sarah and Peter speak Russian fluently
rect option. b) Bob was watching patiently to the doctor.

L
CE
c) Kate went to Australia by car last week.
a) The items I and II, only. d) My friend always is tired.

S
b) The items II and III, only. e) Ken usually works at night

EU
c) The items I and III, only.

AT
d) The items I, II and III. 17. Look at the sentence below. The word “hard” refers to a specific

8M
part of speech. Which one? Choose the CORRECT answer.
“He works “hard” every day. His parents should be proud of him.

79
04
a) Adverb.

01
b) Article.

10
c) Pronoun.

21
d) Adjective

TO
18. Consider the words in bold and underlined in the following ex-

EN
cerpts taken from the text.
I. “[...] power reactors frequently appear in newspaper headlines

IM
[...]” SC
II. “[...] research reactors can be quietly tucked away [...]”
NA

III. “[...] which can easily be converted to other useable forms of

energy [...]”
DO

12. Teacher can use this board to teach lessons about: Choose the alternative in which the words in bold and underlined
have the same grammar classification as the ones above.
O

a) Adjectives
IN

b) Degrees a) Sports cars are more powerful than compact cars.

ST

c) Geometry b) In power reactors, heat is converted in useable forms of

LE

d) Adverbs energy, like electricity.

CE

e) Simple presente tense c) Engineers work hard to improve nuclear powered systems.
d) The countries signed a friendly agreement about nuclear
S

weapons and energy.

EU

13. Adverbs of manner are made by adding the suffix “–ly” to an e) Nuclear facilities are built far from the cities
AT

adjective. Mark the alternative that contradicts this rule.

8M

a) Deeply
79

b) Honestly
04

c) Hasty
1

d) Meanly
1 00

14. Which alternative has the adverb in the wrong position:

21
TO

a) I went to the USA by plane in 2018.

EN

b) It is snowing steadily today in Berlin.

c) My sister was born in the afternoon, on May 13, in 2009.
IM

d) The reporter is speaking low and pleasantly.

SC
NA

15. Observe the sentence below.

Billy Hope foolishly used his Money in the Bank contract to choose
DO

a match. 19. Consider the words from the text; then analyse the statements
The comment adverb “foolishly” indicates: that follow:
NO

a) […] how likely we think someone is. • highly (l.08).

I
ST

b) […] an attitude of what is said. • delivery (l.09).

LE

c) […] judgement of someone’s action. • monthly (l.26).

CE

d) […] how likely we think something is

I. All words follow the same spelling rule.
US
TE

99
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
II. All words are adverbs. I

TI
II. The suffix added changes adjectives into adverbs. 23. Choose the following alternative which presents an adverb of

ES
indefinite frequency being used in its most typical position.
Which ones are INCORRECT?

L
CE
a) They sometimes ask about your project.
a) Only I. b) I remember always to do my homework.

S
b) Only II. c) She died peacefully in Hartley on Sunday

EU
c) Only III. d) A few workers angrily protested yesterday

AT
d) Only I and II.

8M
e) I, II and III 24. The suffix ly, used after adjectives, is formative of adverbs of
manner. One of the following words, is not an adverb formed with

79
20. Considering the grammar subject “adverbs”, choose the alter- the suffix.

04
native that presents a sentence written according to the standard

01
grammar rules. a) early.

10
b) steadily.

21
a) Teachers themselves never should stop learning. c) irritatingly.
b) We now are expecting a new edition of this book. d) thoroughly.

TO
c) My tutor can read very fast.

EN
d) Some people don’t know still how to use modal verbs. 25. Read this sentence from the text and analyze its structure:
e) Those students spoke perfectly English.

IM
New evidence suggests that the brain is much more malleable than
SC
21. In the sentence below, put the adverb ever in the right place previously thought.
NA

then find an alternative:

“Have you been to the USA?” The word “previously” is an adverb which informs when an action
DO

happened. Choose the following alternative which presents an

a) Have you been ever to the USA? example of an adverb of time.
O

b) Ever you have been to the USA?

IN

c) Have you ever been to the USA? a) quickly

ST

d) Have ever you been to the USA? b) afterwards

LE

c) carefully
CE

d) frequently
S

Read the following text and choose the best alternative:

EU

“Although an executive may answer his own phone at times, he 26. Mark the letter which corresponds to the word which is not an
AT

may still prefer for his secretary to answer it when he is not avai- adverb formed with the suffix ly
8M

lable. Secretaries may also have to answer departmental phone

lines.” a) suddenly
79

(by Heather Eastridge from http:// www.ehow.com/facts_5256675_ b) family

04

executive-secretary-duties-res) c) vaguely
1

d) recently
00

22. Which alternative contains the word or group of words that is

1

most nearly the same in the meaning as the underlined words “at
21

times”?
TO
EN

a) Never.
b) Frequently.
IM

c) None.
SC

d) Always.
NA

e) Sometimes
DO

Read the following sentence from the text.

NO

“The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly,

divided into three periods usually called Old English (or Anglo-
I
ST

-Saxon), Middle English, and Modern English.”

LE

Adverbs can be used in different positions in a sentence. For exam-

CE

ple, adjuncts of indefinite frequency such as “usually” most typically

occupy mid position when they take the form of adverb phrases
US
TE

100
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

ES
Adverbs

L
CE
1. In the sentence “I hardly ever watch TV at night.”, the expres-

S
sion in bold type is an adverb of

EU
AT
a) place c) Frequency

8M
b) Manner d) probability

79
“Vuvuzelas were ______ popular during the 2010 World Cup

04
that they were selling as many as 50,000 of them a month”.

01
(Adapted from www.cnn.com)

10
2. Choose the alternative that fills in the blank.

21
TO
a) almost c) Little

EN
27. The adverb “currently” (line 14) means b) hardly d) so

IM
a) actually. Read the text and answer the question
SC
b) commonly.
NA

c) at presente. A __________ fact about Australia is that one Australian family

d) recently. in three (that’s approximately 33%) speak another language,
DO

e) lately. apart from English.

O

3. The word “approximately”, in bold in the text, means

IN

__________.
ST

GABARITO
GABARITO
LE

a) exactly c) precisely
CE

b) roughly d) undoubtedly
APRENDIZAGEM
S

1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C
EU

6. A 7. C
AT

APROFUNDAMENTO
8M

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B
79

6. B 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. D
04

11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C

1
00

16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C/ 20. C

1

Professor
21

21. C 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. A

TO

26. B 27. C
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

101
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
8

ES
Read the text and answer the question: CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And

L
CE
Landing Private Jet
PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS

S
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying? Here’s

EU
a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a European Space São palavras invariáveis que ligam dois elementos da oração, su-

AT
Agency (ESA) business incubator center in Bavaria – released bordinando o segundo ao primeiro. Isso significa que as preposi-

8M
an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater plane called Lilium that’s ções são os termos que ligam substantivo a substantivo, verbo a
currently in the works. With a top speed of 250 mph and a range substantivo, substantivo a verbo, adjetivo a substantivo, advérbio a

79
of 300 miles, the plane can travel roughly between Munich and substantivo etc. Só não podem ligar verbo a verbo (função esta

04
Berlin in about 90 minutes. And according to the ESA, if testing exercida pela conjunção). Observe as principais preposições:

01
succeeds, this _____ the world’s first vertical takeoff and lan-
Preposições de Lugar

10
ding private jet. The project came about when Daniel Wiegand

21
– one of the four founders of Lilium – wanted to realize flying
for the masses in a fast, inexpensive, efficient and eco-friendly At, To, On, In, Inside, Onto and Into

TO
way. ‘Our goal is to develop an aircraft that doesn’t need the We'll meet you at the entrance.

EN
complex and expensive infrastructure of an airport, can be Nós lhe encontraremos na entrada.
used close to urban areas, and doesn’t produce too much noi- We went to New Orleans last year.

IM
se and pollution,’ he said. So to produce this new class of air- Fomos para Nova Orleans ano passado.
SC
planes that could take off and land vertically anywhere with a
NA

surface area of 250 square feet by 2018, Wiegand and his team Tom fell on/onto the floor.
in Germany came up with a design using electric engines and Tom caiu no chão.
DO

incorporated movable fan turbines.

Fonte: www.forbes.com Peter dived in/into the water.
O

Tom mergulhou na água.

IN

Glossary
ST

Glimpse – uma ideia para entender melhor algo They live in that old farmhouse on the hill.
LE

Eles moram naquela velha casa de campo na colina.

CE

4. As used in (line 5), ‘currently’ can be replaced by:

They live in a charming old cottage.
S

a) now. c) actually. Eles moram em um chalé encantador.

EU

b) finally. e) eventually.
AT

What's inside the box?

8M

Smart traveler, expert opinion about the airport O que há dentro da caixa?
79

The first piece of advice is, people should always carry a good Away from, Off, Out of and Outside
04

book. It helps to pass the time as you wait for your delayed Tom is away from Cambridge.
1

flight. Don’t forget to take a sweater or a jacket on the plane. It Tom está longe de Cambridge.
00

can get very cold on a long night flight. And then there is airline
1

food. Take a snack (cookies or fruit) with you. Sometimes the The books were off the shelves.
21

food is late, sometimes it doesn’t arrive at all, and it’s never Os livros estavam fora da prateleira.
TO

very good.
EN

He is out of the office.

5. The words “sometimes” and “never”, in bold type in the text, Ele está fora do escritório.
IM

are adverbs of:

SC

Since it's such a nice day shall we eat outside?

NA

a) time. c) manner. Já que está um dia tão agradável que tal comermos fora?
b) place. d) frequency.
DO

Under, Below, Above, Over, On, On Top of, Underneath and Beneath
He kept a gun under his pillow.
NO

Ele guardava uma arma sobe seu travesseiro.

I
ST

The President’s room is three floors above and the Sales Dept, two
LE

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM floors below.

CE

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM A sala do Presidente fica três andares acima e o Departamento de

Vendas, dois andares abaixo.
US
TE

102
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Beside, Besides and Beyond

TI
There’s a painting hanging above the sofa.

ES
Há um quadro pendurado acima do sofá. Come and sit here beside me.
Venha e sente-se aqui ao meu lado.

L
CE
Helicopters usually fly above the ground.
Helicópteros normalmente sobrevoam o solo. Our school was built right beside a river.

S
Nossa escola foi construída bem ao lado de um rio.

EU
Few roots grow over the ground, most of them grow under the

AT
ground, but swamp plants’ roots grow above the ground or water. She lives besides the school, doesn’t she?

8M
Poucas raízes crescem acima do solo, muitas crescem embaixo, Ela mora passando a escola, não é?
mas as raízes das plantas pantanosas crescem acima do chão ou

79
da água. In the distance, beyond the river, there was a small town.

04
À distância, além do rio, havia uma pequena cidade.

01
I wear a pullover under my jacket.

10
Eu uso um pulôver/suéter sob minha jaqueta. Between and Among

21
There are uncountable corridors of mines under South Africa’s soil. Between the underground garage and the 1st floor there is a

TO
Há incontáveis corredores de minas sob o solo da África do Sul. ground floor.

EN
Some bombs were dropped over the village. Entre a garagem subterrânea e o primeiro andar há um piso térreo.
Algumas bombas foram jogadas sobre a vila.

IM
Between us there are no secrets.
SC
Mint dressing is great over chocolate ice-cream. Entre nós não há segredos.
NA

Cobertura de menta é ótima sobre sorvete de chocolate.

He’s living in Xingu, among the Indians.
DO

There are some cats running on the roof of the house. Ele está morando no Xingu, entre os índios.
Há alguns gatos correndo sobre o telhado da casa.
O

I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.

IN

A lid is to be put on top of pans. Eu vi alguns rostos familiares no meio da multidão.

ST

Uma tampa serve para ser colocada sobre panelas.

LE

Together, Apart, Aside and Close to

CE

There are strange fish living underneath the surface of the sea.
Há peixes estranhos vivendo debaixo da superfície do oceano. We can work together if it pleases you!
S

Podemos trabalhar juntos se isso lhe agrada!

EU

There was a lot of dust underneath the carpet.

AT

Havia muita poeira debaixo do carpete. We were asked to stand in two lines three metres apart.
8M

Pediram-nos para formarmos duas filas com três metros de distân-

Our neighbor’s cat often sleeps underneath our car. cia.
79

O gato de nosso vizinho freqüentemente dorme debaixo do nosso

04

carro. You have to get the blue balls together and leave the red ones
1

apart/aside.
00

Submarines usually run beneath the sea. Você tem que juntar as bolas azuis e deixar as vermelhas afastadas.
1

Submarinos normalmente andam debaixo d’água.

21

He’s strange, he never participates. He’s always aside.

TO

Before, In Front of and Behind Ele é estranho, nunca participa. Ele está sempre afastado/isolado.
EN

The officer was just before him, waiting for an answer. Despite he lives close to a church, he never goes there.
IM

O oficial estava bem diante dele, esperando uma resposta. Apesar de ele viver perto de uma igreja, ele nunca vai lá.
SC
NA

He couldn’t see his girlfriend when suddenly she jumped right in Towards, From, Upwards and Downwards
front of him. I saw the car coming towards me and I jumped fast.
DO

Ele não conseguia ver a namorada dele quando de repente ela pu- Eu vi o carro vindo em minha direção e pulei rápido.
lou bem na frente dele.
NO

Take out this stupid idea from your mind!

There were two men in front of me in the line and several other Tire esta idéia estúpida da cabeça!
I
ST

people behind me.

LE

Havia dois homens na minha frente na fila e várias outras pessoas The spaceship speeded upwards!
CE

atrás. A nave dirigiu-se rapidamente para cima!

US
TE

103
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
The big rock felt heavily downwards along the cliff walls.

TI
A grande rocha caiu pesadamente para baixo pelas muralhas do It’s easy to find ocean liners tripping across the seas nowadays.

ES
penhasco. É fácil encontrar transatlânticos viajando pelos mares nos dias de hoje.

L
CE
Along, Past, By and Across They have traveled a long way through the desert.
There are phone booths every 100m along the street. Eles viajaram um longo caminho pelo deserto.

S
Há cabines telefônicas a cada cem metros ao longo da rua.

EU
I can see the crowd through the window.

AT
The corridor was decorated with garlands all along for the Christ- Eu posso ver a multidão pela janela.

8M
mas party.
O corredor foi decorado com grinaldas por toda a sua extensão Round, Around and Throughout

79
para a festa de natal. The Earth goes round the sun.

04
A Terra dá voltas ao redor do sol.

01
That man followed me along the sidewalk.

10
Aquele homem me seguiu ao longo da calçada. The Earth revolves around the sun.
He speeded past my house so not to see me.

21
A Terra gira ao redor do sol.
Ele acelerou ao passar pela minha casa para não me ver.

TO
You have to detour around the block.

EN
Run by my side. Você tem dar a volta no quarteirão.
Corra ao meu lado.

IM
There are lamp posts all around the block.
SC
The city was located across the lake. Há postes de iluminação em volta de todo o quarteirão.
NA

A cidade era localizada ao longo do lago.

I know you can find a news-stand somewhere around here.
DO

This shop is across the street, it’s not on this side. Sei que você pode encontrar uma banca de revistas em algum lu-
A loja é do outro lado da rua, não é deste. gar por aqui.
O
IN

The sea was rough and the waves splashed violently against the The news was spread throughout the city.
ST

rocky wall. A notícia foi espalhada por toda a cidade.

LE

O mar estava agitado, e as ondas chocavam-se violentamente

CE

contra a parede rochosa. The English language is spoken throughout the world.
A língua inglesa é falada em todo o mundo.
S

Let’s throw a rock against the window to break it.

EU

Vamos jogar uma pedra na janela para quebrá-la. You can find extinguishers throughout the building.
AT

Você pode encontrar extintores por todo o prédio.

8M

The bike was so fast, he couldn’t brake and crashed against the wall.
A bicicleta estava muito rápida, ele não conseguiu frear e chocou- The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
79

-se contra a parede. O coração bomba sangue por todo o corpo.

104

Down, Down on, Up and Up on Preposições de Tempo

00

The snowball rolled all the way down the hill.

1

A bola de neve rolou colina a baixo. At

21

Indica pontos no tempo.

TO

There’s a cave somewhere down on the mountain. Let’s go there!

EN

Há uma gruta em algum lugar montanha a baixo. Vamos lá! At 3 o’clock/6:30

Às 3 horas/6:30
IM

The biker was going up the mountain.

SC

O ciclista estava indo montanha acima. At noon/midnight

NA

Ao meio-dia/à meia-noite
The dog barked to a bird up on the tree.
DO

O cão latiu para um pássaro que estava em cima da árvore. At Christmas

No Natal
NO

Across and Through

The ball rolled across the field and stopped in the grass. At Easter
I
ST

A bola rolou pelo campo e parou na grama. Na Páscoa

LE
CE

The rabbit escaped through the trees. At night

O coelho escapou pelas árvores. À noite
US
TE

104
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
At dawn/dusk OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

ES
Ao amanhecer/anoitecer

L
CE
At that/this time Utiliza-se on, e não in, quando se deseja fazer referência a
Naquela hora/A essa hora uma parte do dia, em vez de ao dia como um todo:

S
EU
At times/the time On Monday morning

AT
Às vezes/Na época No domingo de manhã

8M
On On Saturday night

79
Indica dias, datas completas. No sábado à noite

04
01
On Monday/Friday On the afternoon of the 3rd of July

10
Na segunda-feira/sexta-feira

21
On May 1st By

TO
No 1º de maio Indica antes do tempo, por volta.

EN
On the next/following day By 2 o’clock

IM
No dia seguinte Por volta de duas horas
SC
NA

On time By morning
Na hora, pontualmente Pela manhã
DO

In By Saturday
O

Indica períodos de tempo. Por volta de sábado

IN
ST

In the evening/afternoon/morning By December

LE

À noite/tarde/de manhã Por volta de dezembro

CE

In the early/late evening/afternoon/morning Around

S

No início/final da noite/da tarde/da manhã Também não indica o tempo exato da ação.
EU
AT

In September/December Around 10:30

8M

Em setembro/dezembro Por volta de 10:30

79

In the summer/winter/spring/fall (= autumn) Around June

04

No verão/inverno/primavera/outono Por volta de junho

1
00

In 1997/2008 Around November

1

Em 1997/2008 Por volta de novembro

21
TO

In the 18th century Around next week

EN

No século dezoito Por volta da semana que vem

IM

In time For
SC

A tempo Indica a duração da ação.

NA

For 5 hours
DO

Por cinco horas

NO

For 3 days/nights/months/moons
Por três dias/noites/meses/luas
I
ST
LE

For ten seasons

CE

Por dez temporadas

US
TE

105
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Um relatório sobre as favelas nas grandes cidades

TI
For a whole day

ES
Por um dia inteiro An article on the Middle East
Um artigo sobre o Oriente Médio

L
CE
For some years/a century/many eras
Por alguns anos/um século/muitas eras About

S
Usado de preferência com assuntos menos formais.

EU
Since

AT
Indica o início da ação A book about cats

8M
Um livro sobre gatos
Since yesterday

79
Desde ontem A story about a boy and a dog

04
Uma história sobre um garoto e um cachorro

01
Since last month/year

10
Desde o mês/o ano passado A talk about soccer

21
Uma conversa sobre futebol
Within

TO
Indica dentro de um período de tempo. A discussion about a relationship

EN
Uma discussão sobre uma relação
Within three days/a week/two years

IM
Dentro de três dias/uma semana/dois anos Of SC
Indica conteúdo.
NA

Through and During

It rained all through June and into the first half of July. A book of poems
DO

Choveu durante todo o mês de junho e na primeira metade de julho. Um livro de poemas
O

They work during the night and sleep by day. A series of articles
IN

Eles trabalham durante a noite e dormem de dia. Uma série de artigos

ST
LE

Until/Till and From ... On A collection of stamps

CE

I was up until/till three o'clock trying to get my homework finished! Uma coleção de selos
Fiquei acordado até três horas tentando conseguir terminar mi-
S

nhas tarefas da escola. A set of Shakespeare’s works

EU

Uma coletânea dos trabalhos de Shakespeare

AT

I will not smoke from now/this day on.

8M

Não fumarei de agora/deste dia em diante. Note a diferença:

79

Before and After A book on/about poetry

04

You should always wash your hands before meals. Um livro sobre poesia
1

Você deveria sempre lavar suas mãos antes das refeições.

00

A book of poems
1

Shall we go for a walk after breakfast? Um livro de poemas

21

Vamos dar uma caminhada depois do café da manhã?

TO

Materiais e Ingredientes
Tópicos e Matérias
EN

Of
IM

On Geralmente usado quando o material não foi muito alterado.

SC

Quando são mencionados discursos, palestras, conversas formais,

NA

títulos (de obras). A bottle is made of glass.

Uma garrafa é feita de vidro.
DO

A debate on the uses of psychology

Um debate sobre os usos da psicologia She bought cutlery of gold and silver.
NO

Ela comprou talheres de ouro e prata.

A lecture on the causes of inflation
I
ST

Uma palestra sobre as causas da inflação From

LE

Indica que o material já não se apresenta em seu estado anterior.

CE

A report on the slums in big cities

Glass is made from sand.
US
TE

106
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Vidro é feito de areia. Our plan to visit Australia was cancelled owing to my illness.

TI
Nosso plano de visitar a Austrália foi cancelado devido à minha do-

ES
Meringues are made from sugar and egg whites. ença.
Merengues/Suspiros são feitos de açúcar e claras de ovos. Ter Atributos

L
CE
Out of With

S
Sugere construção, modelamento. Geralmente fala-se de características físicas.

EU
AT
He built a boat out of old wine barrels. A girl with red hair

8M
Ele fez um barco com velhos barris de vinho. Uma garota de cabelo vermelho.

79
I made my first car out of three old ones. A baby with blue eyes

04
Eu fiz meu primeiro carro de três outros velhos. Um bebê de olhos azuis

01
10
Into A boy with brown hair

21
Informa o que aconteceu com o material. Um menino de cabelos castanhos

TO
He peeled the cucumber and chopped it into small cubes. In

EN
Ele descascou o pepino e cortou-o em pequenos cubos. Geralmente estamos falando de roupas.

IM
With and Without Mr. Brown comes to the office in a dark suit.
SC
Com ou sem o que algo é feito. O Sr. Brown veio para o escritório de terno escuro.
NA

We make bread with flour, water and yeast. The lady was dressed in red for the funeral!
DO

Faz-se pão com farinha, água e fermento. A mulher estava vestida de vermelho para o funeral!
O

You can’t make a party without a good DJ. Of

IN

Não se pode fazer uma festa sem um bom DJ. - Em sentido partitivo:
ST
LE

Motivo, Causa e Razão A kilo of sugar

CE

Um quilo de açúcar
Because of
S

Para justificativas. A slice of bread

EU

John was absent from class because of his bad leg. Uma fatia de pão
AT

John faltou à aula devido à sua perna doente.

8M

A member of the committee

On Account of Um membro do comitê
79

= because of
04

- Em sentido genitivo:
1

On account of Mr. Brown’s retirement we shall require a new ma-

00

nager. A friend of mine

1

Devido à aposentadoria do Sr. Brown nós devemos solicitar um Um amigo meu

21

novo gerente.
TO

The author of the book

EN

Out of O autor do livro

Por.
IM

The price of freedom

SC

We went to hear the speech out of curiosity. O preço da liberdade

NA

Nós fomos ouvir o discurso por curiosidade.

- Em sentido descritivo:
DO

Out of respect for his great age, we did not interrupt him.
Por respeito a sua idade avançada, nós não o interrompemos. A man of courage
NO

Um homem de coragem
Owing to
I
ST

= as a consequence of, because of A matter of religion

LE

Uma questão de religião

CE

The train arrived late owing to bad weather. Without and With No
O trem chegou tarde devido ao mau tempo. = not having
US
TE

107
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
Eggs without salt aren’t very nice. - Antes de meios de transporte:

ES
Ovos sem sal não são muito gostosos.
He likes to travel by car/bus/train/plane.

L
CE
I saw a dog with no tail the other day. Ele gosta de viajar de carro/ônibus/trem/avião.
Vi um cachorro sem cauda outro dia.

S
Mas:

EU
Propósito e Destino

AT
He went on foot/on my bike/in John’s car to college.

8M
For Ele foi a pé/na minha bicicleta/no carro de John para a faculdade.
That sharp knife is for peeling potatoes with.

79
Aquela faca afiada é para descascar batatas. - Informando o modo como algo foi/pode ser feito:

04
01
The money on the table is for the telephone bill. He made a whistle by cutting holes in a cane.

10
O dinheiro sobre a mesa é para a conta de telefone. Ele criou um apito fazendo furos em um cano.

21
The letter is for Angela, not for you. You can cure a headache by taking an aspirin.

TO
A carta é para Angela, não para você. Você pode curar dor de cabeça tomando uma aspirina.

EN
When does your ship leave for Europe? Send the document by e-mail.

IM
Quando seu navio parte para a Europa? Envie o documento por e-mail.
SC
NA

Which is the bus for Henley? Through

Qual o ônibus para Henley? = as a result of
DO

Reações She caught cold through sitting in a draught.

O

Ela pegou um resfriado ao se expor a uma corrente de ar.

IN

With
ST

Geralmente quando o estímulo ou provocação vem de uma pes- = because of

LE

soa.
CE

Tom succeeded through hard work.

I’m pleased with Mary. Tom obteve sucesso através de trabalho duro.
S

Estou satisfeito com Mary.

EU

With
AT

I’m furious with Peter. Para instrumentos.

8M

Estou furioso com Peter.

You can chop wood with an axe.
79

I’m annoyed with the grocer. Você pode cortar madeira com machado.
04

Estou aborrecido com o merceeiro.

1

She took his temperature with a thermometer.

00

I was very angry with John. Ela mediu a temperatura dele com um termômetro.
1

Eu estou com muita raiva de John.

21

Note a diferença:
TO

At and About
EN

Geralmente quando o estímulo ou provocação não é pessoal. The officer wrote it down with a pencil.
O oficial anotou com um lápis.
IM

We were all angry at/about the new taxes.

SC

Todos ficamos com raiva dos novos impostos. Write in pencil.

NA

Escreva a lápis.
She was angry at/about not being invited.
DO

Ela ficou com raiva por não ter sido convidada. He thought he should write with a pen.
Ele pensou que pudesse escrever com caneta.
NO

Agentes, Jeitos e Meios

Write in ink.
I
ST

By Escreva a tinta.
LE

- Introduzindo o agente passivo:

CE

Without
The picture was painted by Reinolds. = with negation
S

O quadro foi pintado por Reinolds.

U
TE

108
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
You can’t make tea without water. Along with our hotel bill the manager sent some roses.

ES
Não se faz chá sem água. Junto à nossa conta do hotel, o gerente enviou algumas rosas.
Concessão

L
CE
He suddenly left without saying goodbye.
Ele saiu de repente sem se despedir. Despite and In Spite of

S
= heedless of, against, contrary to

EU
Of and From

AT
Para doenças. None of these boys wears a coat despite the cold weather.

8M
Nenhum desses garotos usa casaco apesar do frio.
He died of cancer.

79
Ele morreu de câncer. In spite of everyone’s opposition, I am going to try to walk to Lon-

04
don.

01
He suffers from heart trouble. Apesar da oposição de todos, eu vou tentar caminhar até Londres.

10
Ele sofre de problema cardíaco.
Notwithstanding

21
Companhia e Participação = despite, in spite of (formal)

TO
EN
With Notwithstanding the brilliant defense, he was found guilty.
= accompanied by Apesar da brilhante defesa, ele foi considerado culpado.

IM
SC
I’ll have a sandwich with my beer, please. Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go
NA

Eu gostaria de um sanduíche com minha cerveja, por favor. ahead with the plan.
Apesar das objeções de alguns membros, acho que devemos ir em
DO

Mrs. Green came to see us with her husband yesterday. frente com o plano.
A Sra. Green veio nos ver com seu marido ontem.
O

For all
IN

In = notwithstanding
ST

= participate in an event He doesn’t seem to read much for all his fine library.
LE

He decided to act in a play/film. Ele não parece ler muito apesar de sua bela biblioteca.
CE

Ele decidiu atuar em uma peça/um filme.

With all
S

Thanks God he was not injured in the accident. = when everything has been admitted/considered.
EU

Graças a Deus ele não foi ferido no acidente.

AT

With all his failings, he has always been a good father to us.
8M

With Com todas as suas falhas, ele sempre foi um bom pai para nós.
= know how to deal
79

With all its drawbacks, country life suits me.

04

Dr. Brown is very good with children. Com todos os seus inconvenientes/pontos negativos, a vida no
1

O Dr. Brown é muito bom com crianças. campo me é conveniente.

1 00

Old George is good with horses. He really understands them. For

21

O velho George é bom com cavalos. Ele realmente os entende. = considering that
TO
EN

At Grandmother has just sold her first painting, not bad for a 70-y-old.
= know how to handle Vovó acaba de vender seu primeiro quadro, nada mal pra uma
IM

“sententona”.
SC

John is good at card games.

Apoio e Oposição
NA

John é bom em jogos com cartas.

DO

Mary is good at French. Against

Mary é boa em francês. = not in agreement with, not in favor of
NO

Along with I am against letting people drive cars through the park.
I
ST

= together and at the same time Eu sou contra permitir que dirijam pelo parque.
LE
CE

Please bring my books along with your own when you come. We are against working on Sundays.
Por favor, traga meus livros juntos aos seus quando você vier. Somos contra trabalhar aos domingos.
US
TE

109
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Dá a idéia de exceção, exclusão.

TI
Em alguns casos against pode ser substituído por for:

ES
Everyone is present today except/but Mr. Smith, who has gone to Lon-
The dentist gave her an injection for (= against) the pain. don.

L
CE
O dentista aplicou-lhe uma injeção contra dor. Todo mundo está presente hoje, exceto o Sr. Smith que foi para Lon-
dres.

S
For

EU
= on the side of, in favor of But For

AT
Expressa uma espécie de condição negativa.

8M
Who’s for a picnic? Hands up, please!
Que tal um piquenique? Levantem as mãos, por favor! I would have left long ago but for Mary’s kindness.

79
Eu teria partido há muito se não fosse pela bondade de Mary.

04
Are you for the candidate or against him?

01
Você está a favor ou contra o candidato? He would come to see you at once but for the difficulty of the

10
return journey.
My former boss has promised to speak for me to the factory manager.

21
Ele viria vê-lo imediatamente se não fosse pela dificuldade da jor-
Meu antigo chefe prometeu falar a meu favor ao gerente da fábrica. nada de volta.

TO
EN
With Apart from
Introduz a outra parte após verbos como quarrel, fight, argue, = extra to, further to, not including

IM
dispute, fall out, disagree, agree, discuss, converse etc.: SC
We’ll need three building workers apart from the engineer.
NA

We quarreled with the landlord about our dog. Nós precisaremos de três operários além do engenheiro.
Nós discutimos com o locador por causa do nosso cachorro.
DO

Apart from a little trouble at first, we have no complaints about

He left home after falling out with his parents. the flat.
O

Ele saiu de casa depois de discutir com os pais dele. Tirando um pequeno problema inicial, nós não tivemos rec-
IN

lamações sobre o flat

ST

She argues with him about everything.

LE

Ela discute com ele por tudo. CONJUCTIONS

CE

I agree with you! As conjunções são vocábulos de função estritamente gramatical,

S

Concordo com você! utilizados para o estabelecimento da relação entre duas orações,
EU

ou ainda a relação dois termos que se assemelham gramatical-

AT

Note a diferença: mente dentro da mesma oração. As conjunções podem ser de três
8M

tipos principais: coordenativas, correlativas ou subordinativas.

My brother fought with the Fifty-first in the desert.
79

Meu irmão lutou ao lado da Quinquagésima-Primeira no deserto. – Coordinative Conjunctions

04

Ele era membro da Quinquagésima-Primeira.

1

Podem unir palavras soltas ou grupos de palavras, mas elas devem

00

David fought with his attackers for almost ten minutes. sempre ligar elementos semelhantes (exemplos: sujeito + sujeito,
1

David lutou com seus agressores por quase dez minutos. – Ele re- verbo + verbo, sentença + sentença etc.). Quando uma conjunção
21

vidou a um ataque coordenativa é usada para conectar elementos, estes se tornam

TO

elementos compostos:
EN

Instead (of)
= as a substitute (for), in place (of) Frank spent his summer studying basic math, writing, and reading
IM

comprehension.
SC

I don’t like fish! May I have an omelet instead? Frank passou o verão dele estudando matemática básica, pro-
NA

Eu não gosto de peixe! Posso comer uma omelete no lugar? dução e compreensão de texto.
DO

Mr. Green is here instead of Mr. Smith, who has a bad cold today. Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting
O Sr. Green está aqui hoje no lugar do Sr. Smith, que está muito the academic requirements.
NO

resfriado hoje. Ulysses quer jogar pela UConn, mas ele tem tido problemas em
atender às exigências acadêmicas.
I
ST

Can you come on Tuesday, instead of Monday?

LE

Você pode vir na terça em vez de segunda? Have you seen or heard the opera by Scott Joplin?
CE

Você viu ou ouviu a ópera de Scott Joplin?

Except and But
US
TE

110
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
My knee started hurting so I stopped running. We are going out to eat after we finish taking the test.

TI
Meu joelho começou a doer, então parei de correr. Nós vamos sair para comer depois que terminarmos de fazer o teste.

ES
I didn't want say anything for I was afraid of offending him. Before we make a decision, does anyone want to say anything else?

L
CE
Eu não quis dizer nada porque eu receava ofendê-lo. Antes de tomarmos uma decisão, alguém quer falar mais alguma coi-
sa?

S
You should not listen in full to what your friends say, nor need you

EU
ignore them. She won't mind your being late – besides, it's hardly your fault.

AT
Você não deveria ouvir na íntegra o que seus amigos falam, nem Ela não irá se importar por você ter se atrasado – além disso, nem

8M
precisa ignorá-los. é sua culpa.

79
The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they played golf The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.

04
all day long. O relatório inteiro está mal escrito. Além disso, está impreciso.

01
Os visitantes reclamaram estrondosamente do calor, no entanto

10
jogaram golfe o dia todo. I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers – they're good and
furthermore they're cheap.

21
Correlative Conjunctions (Paired Conjunctions) Eu sugiro que usemos Barkers como nossos principais fornecedores

TO
– eles são bons e, além do mais, são baratos.

EN
Também conectam elementos do mesmo tipo. Contudo, diferen-
temente das conjunções coordenativas, as correlativas são sempre Although the line was long and the wait over two hours, the

IM
usadas em pares: exhibit was well worth it.
SC
Embora a fila estivesse longa e a espera acima das duas horas, a
NA

Both my sister and my brother attended the College of Arts and exposições valeu a pena.
Sciences at New York University.
DO

Tanto minha irmã quanto meu irmão frequentaram a Faculdade de Albeit he had tried, he didn’t succeed.
Artes e Ciências na Universidade de Nova Iorque. Embora ele tenha tentado, ele não conseguiu.
O
IN

“The man of knowledge must be able not only to love his enemies Even if you have already bought your ticket, you will still need to
ST

but also to hate his friends”. wait in line.

LE

“O homem sábio deve ser capaz não apenas de amar seus inimigos Mesmo que você já tenha comprado seu ingresso, você ainda pre-
CE

como também de odiar seus amigos”. – Friedrich Nietzsche cisará esperar na fila.
S

Either you leave now or I call the police! Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become
EU

Ou você sai agora ou eu chamo a polícia! prime minister.

AT

Embora ele tenha saído da escola aos 16 anos, ele ainda conseguiu
8M

Neither the orchestra nor the chorus was able to overcome the se tornar primeiro ministro.
terrible acoustics in the church.
79

Nem a orquestra nem o coral foram capazes de superar a terrível I saw him as I was coming into the building.
04

acústica na igreja. Eu o vi quando eu estava entrando no prédio.

1
00

Just as the smell of baking brought back memories, so too did the While I was waiting in line for the exhibit, I ate my lunch.
1

taste of the cider. Enquanto eu estava na fila esperando pela exposição, eu comi meu
21

No momento em que o aroma do cozimento trouxe lembranças, almoço.

TO

assim também o fez o gosto da sidra.

EN

He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.

Whether you win this race or lose it doesn't matter as long as you Ele parece ter uns sessenta anos, enquanto sua esposa aparenta ter
IM

do your best. por volta de trinta.

SC

Se você ganhar esta corrida ou perdê-la não importa, desde que

NA

você faça o seu melhor. Whenever I go there they seem to be happy.

Sempre que vou lá, eles parecem ficar felizes.
DO

Subordinative Conjunctions
I love his works because he uses color so brilliantly.
NO

As subordinativas, que representam a maior classe de conjunções, Eu adoro as obras dele porque ele usa cores bem brilhantes.
conectam orações subordinadas a uma principal. Essas conjun-
I
ST

ções são normalmente advérbios usados como conjunções. Ve- Since we have lived in Atlanta, we have gone to every exhibit at
LE

jamos algumas: the High Museum.

CE

Já que moramos em Atlanta, nós vamos para todas as exposições

no High Museum.
US
TE

111
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
são usadas para conectar ideias em estruturas mais longas (ge-

TI
James has a garage full of wood working tools. He might, howe- ralmente em períodos diferentes), estabelecendo uma relação de

ES
ver, have some metric wrenches, too. coordenação ou subordinação entre elas. As principais são:

L
CE
James tem uma garagem cheia de ferramentas para trabalhos em besides – além disso
madeira. Ele deve, contudo, ter algumas chaves métricas também. however - porém; no entanto

S
moreover - além do mais

EU
We know there are serious problems in our country. Nonethe- nevertheless - não obstante

AT
less/Nevertheless, we feel this is a good time to return. otherwise – caso contrário

8M
Sabemos que há sérios problemas em nosso país. Todavia, senti- so – assim
mos que este é um bom momento para retornarmos. still – todavia;ainda assim

79
therefore – por essa razão; portanto

04
If the salmon is grilled, I will have that; otherwise, I might have though – entretanto

01
the chicken. yet – contudo

10
Se o salmão estiver grelhado, eu o pedirei; senão, comerei o frango.

21
Exemplos:
The company’s profits have fallen; thus, it cannot raise the salaries • I can’t go to the theatre. I’m doing my homework. Besides, I

TO
of its employees. have no money.

EN
Os lucros da empresa caíram; portanto, ela não pode aumentar os • My room is small. It’s very comfortable, however.
salários de seus empregados. • These hats are very ugly. Yet people buy them.

IM
SC
I have no interest in astrology; consequently/hence, I don’t Mais algumas conjunções, menos frequentes, no entanto, serão
NA

know much about it. vistas nas questões a seguir.

Eu não tenho interesse em astrologia; por isso, eu não sei muito a
DO

respeito. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

O

She does not like to study English, therefore, she will not improve O acrônimo FANBOYS pode lhe ajudar a lembrar das Coordinating
IN

her skills. conjunctions:

ST

Ela não gosta de estudar inglês, logo, ela não melhorará sua
LE

qualificação. Conjunction Meaning Purpose

CE

For Because / since It explains a reason or pur-

pose.
I don’t know if I change my car or not.
And In addition to It adds one thing to another.
S

Eu não sei se troco de carro ou não.

EU

Nor And not It’s used to present a second

negative idea to join a nega-
AT

tive idea in the first clause.

I wasn't sure whether you'd like it.
But However It shows contrast between
8M

Eu não tinha certeza se você iria gostar. two words, phrases or ideas.
Or Either It presents an alternative or
a choice.
79

You can't get a job unless you've got experience. Yet But It introduces a contrasting
04

idea .
Não se consegue um emprego a não ser que se tenha experiência.
So Therefore It indicates an effect, result or
1

consequence
100

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
21

ATENÇÃO
ATENÇÃO
TO

Conjunction Meaning Purpose

EN

Algumas prepositions podem também ser usadas como both...and Ambos…e Addition
conjunctions: either...or Ou…ou Addition
IM

after (depois que) neither...nor Nem…nem Alternative

SC

before (antes que) not only...but also Não somente…mas Alternative

também
NA

for (pois) as/so...as Tão…quanto Comparation

since (desde que) whether...or Se…ou Condition
DO

until (até que)

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
NO

O mesmo acontece com alguns interrogative adverbs:

I

when (quando)
ST

where (onde)
LE

.
CE

Há ainda algumas palavras chamadas de sentence adverbials que

US
TE

112
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
AFTER (depois, após) sleep __________ midday.

TI
BEFORE (antes de, antes que)

ES
ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH (apesar de (que), em- a) in – at – on – until d) in – at – in – until
bora, ainda que) b) on – in – in – as far as e) in – in – at – till

L
CE
AS (enquanto, assim que, logo que, como, porque, à medida c) on – at – at – even
que)

S
AS IF / AS THOUGH (como se) 5. He is going to Australia __________ his own.

EU
IF (se)

AT
UNLESS (a menos que, a não ser que, salvo se) a) in b) on c) at d) by e) with

8M
BECAUSE (porque, pois)
SINCE (já que, visto que, como, desde) 6. The car was fixed __________ Mike.

79
AS / SO LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT (contanto que, desde que,

04
com a condição de que) a) by b) of c) through d) at e) in

01
DESPITE / IN SPITE OF (apesar de)
HOWEVER / NONETHELESS / NEVERTHELESS / NOTWITHSTAN-

10
7. The meeting is __________ 7 sharp. Please, come _______ time.
DING (Porém, entretanto, todavia, contudo, no entanto, não

21
obstante)
a) at – at d) at – on
OTHERWISE (senão, caso contrário, do contrário)

TO
b) on – by e) in – off
SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO (de modo

EN
que, a fim de que, para que) c) in – of

IM
THUS / THEREFORE / THEN / HENCE (deste modo, sendo assim,
assim, consequentemente, portanto) 8. They cannot answer the tests _____ our help.
SC
WHERE (onde)
NA

WHEN / BY THE TIME (quando) a) through d) onto

WHENEVER (quando, toda vez que, sempre que) b) without e) among
DO

WHILE (enquanto) c) beside

WHEREAS (ao passo que, enquanto)
O

9. There are no poor people __________ Joan’s friends.

IN

OBS:AS TRADUÇÕES PODEM SOFRER VARIAÇÕES DE ACORDO

COM O CONTEXTO.
ST

a) between d) without
LE

b) at e) among
CE

c) in
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
S

10. What about jogging __________ the beach?

EU

1. She has been in the United States __________ two months.

AT

a) along d) between
8M

a) for b) since only c) since d) from b) cross e) among

c) through
79

2. They had to get ______ early and wait ______ instructions _______
04

Houston. 11. There is a gas station __________ the hotel.

1
00

a) up – by – of d) up – for – from a) inside c) between

1

b) at – for – in e) in – up – by b) among d) behind

21

c) on – per – at
TO

12. Complete the dialog:

EN

3. Marque a alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas de:

Where do you live?
IM

1) She does not depend [I] her parents. __________ the bookstore.
SC

2) He aimed his gun [II] the tiger, fired and missed.

NA

a) From c) Beyond
I II b) With d) in
DO

a) of to
b) from at 13. Complete the following sentence:
NO

c) in to
d) of toward Argentina have not won the World Cup in football ________ 1986.
I
ST

e) on at
LE

a) in b) since c) within d) by
CE

4. During the week I get up early __________ the morning and go 14. Which sentence does not bring a preposition?
to bed late __________ night. But normally __________ weekends I
US
TE

113
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) Obama is the 44th president of the United States.

TI
b) I'm sorry, the books are not for sale. a) by – in – since – for – until

ES
c) I'd love to live in New York. b) for – until – in – since – for
d) She agreed to help. c) by – until – in – before – for

L
CE
d) since – by – before – until – by
15. This famous picture was painted _________ an unknown artist. e) until – since – by – for – since

S
EU
a) on b) at c) by d) in 21. Complete the sentences with the correct conjunctions or sen-

AT
tence adverbial.

8M
16. Mark the wrong item:
a) __________ John is rich, he’s not a happy person.

79
__________ his objection, we decided to go. b) She speaks German___________I don’t.

04
c) He’s a millionaire. ____________he’s got a lot of money.

01
a) Instead of c) In spite of d) Both my cousin ______________I are good students.

10
b) Despite d) Notwithstanding e) Either you ____________ Martin can solve this problem.

21
f) ____________you are here, help me with this.
17. Complete this excerpt from "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" by L. g) Ann didn’t study anything. _______she pass all the tests.

TO
Frank Baum using the prepositions correctly: h) Neither Peter ____________ Fred can do that for you.

EN
Toto jumped __________ of Dorothy's arms and hid __________ 22. Television may be a splendid medium of communication,

IM
the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frighte- __________ it prevents us from communicating with each other.
SC
ned, threw open the trap door __________ the floor and climbed
NA

down the ladder __________ the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught a) ( ) Therefore d) ( ) because
Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway b) ( ) Otherwise e) ( ) whether
DO

__________ the room there came a great shriek from the wind, and c) ( ) however
the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down
O

suddenly upon the floor. 23. The construction company completed the road ___________
IN

the heavy rain.

ST

a) out – above – in – onto – through

LE

b) off – under – from – into – across a) ( )yet d) ( ) despite

CE

c) out – under – in – into – across b) ( )while e) ( ) although

d) off – below – at – onto – through c) ( ) however
S
EU

18. Scientists have been talking about producing better foods 24. The problem is that man is destroying many trees and,________
AT

__________ genetic engineering ever since the technology first be- causing a problem-deforestation.
8M

came available more than 20 years ago.

– A preposição que preenche a lacuna corretamente é: a) ( ) if d) ( ) because
79

b) ( ) although e) ( ) therefore
04

a) by b) for c) over d) through e) with c) ( ) instead of

1
00

19. An executive presiding over a lunchtime meeting __________ 25. Complete the sentences:
1

a busy San Francisco restaurant was having no luck getting the

21

waiter's attention. So, using his cellular phone, he called the restau- Mary was smiling,____________there was sadness in her eyes.
TO

rant and asked __________ have some menus sent over __________
EN

his table. It worked. ("Reader's Digest" – Sep./95) a) ( ) precisely c) ( )so

– Quais preposições completam corretamente o texto anterior? b) ( ) consequently d) ( ) yet
IM
SC

a) in, about, to d) for, for, to 26. For is a conjunction:

NA

b) at, to, in e) in, to, to

c) in, for, on a) ( ) For one enemy, he has fifty friends.
DO

b) ( ) I asked Bill to come, for I had something to show him.

20. Choose the RIGHT alternative to complete the spaces: c) ( ) The crowd made way for the procession to pass.
NO

d) ( ) We didn’t wait for the others to join us.

I. I stayed in New York __________ two months.
I
ST

II. The film didn't begin __________ nine o'clock. 27. I can understand English. ___________ I don’t speak it.
LE

III. I go there __________ an hour.

CE

IV. They've been mending the road __________ last Monday. a) (and) b) (but) c) (the) d) (as) e) (so)
V. I'll be working in a bank __________ three years.
US
TE

114
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
28. I could not buy a new poetry book ________ I had no money.

TI
I’ll phone you ____________I arrive.

ES
a) (so) b) (therefore) c) (for) d) (but) e) (then) The weather was nice, _____________ it was a bit cold.
I helped him ________________ he was a good friend.

L
CE
29. She speaks __________ English ___________ French.
a) although – until – after

S
a) ( ) neither – or b) while – despite – because

EU
b) ( ) either – nor c) when-despite-unless

AT
c) ( ) nor – neither d) when – although- because

8M
d) ( ) neither – nor
37. Put on your coat__________ you will catch a cold.

79
30. Use the correct conjunction to complete the sentences.

04
a) ( ) as well as d) ( ) either

01
He asked me _____________ I was going on a trip. b) ( ) not only e) ( ) besides

10
I won’t go ____________ she invites me. c) ( ) otherwise

21
She couldn’t stay longer _____________ she had an appointment.
___________ we have no money we can’t buy anything. 38. Did you give her anything_________ you waited for the lab re-

TO
sults?

EN
a) ( ) if- unless- because- Since
b) ( ) if- because- unless- Since a) ( ) for d) ( ) despite

IM
c) ( ) unless- because- unless- if b) ( ) when
SC e) ( ) although
d) ( ) since- because- unless- if c) ( ) while
NA

e) ( ) if- because- since- Unless

39. __________ it rained hard, the plane took__________.
DO

31. ___________ he had time, he didn’t want to do it.

a) ( ) In spite of; in d) ( ) Unless; out of
O

a) ( ) Since d) ( ) Yet b) ( ) But; over e) ( ) If; out

IN

b) ( ) Still e) ( ) Although c) ( ) Although; off

ST

c) ( ) As
LE

40. Be polite__________ you call someone on the telephone, ok ?

CE

32. While in "While the student is saying this, he is smiling" means:

a) ( ) when d) ( ) not only
S

a) ( ) whereas d) ( ) during the past time b) ( ) still e) ( ) despite of

EU

b) ( ) although e) ( ) on what occasion c) ( ) yet

AT

c) ( ) in spite of
8M

41. _____ reading “The Da Vinci Code”, I read “Angels and Demons”.
33. Complete usando although, nevertheless ou in spite of.
79

a) Besides d) Even though

04

a) They think the information they’ve got is accurate;_________ b) Not only e) Because
1

they’ll check it again. c) Despite

00

b) ___________ the fog, the train arrived on time.

1

42. I felt tired and sleepy, __________ I went to bed.

21

34. He was promoted to the post of general manager last month,

TO

________ he received a salary increase. a) because b) but c) except d) that’s why e) so that
EN

a) ( ) so d) ( ) despite 43. Which option completes the sentence below correctly?

IM

b) ( ) in spite of this e) ( ) nevertheless – They canceled all the flights __________ it was raining a lot.
SC

c) ( ) however
NA

a) however b) so c) since d) still e) therefore

35. _________ the children _________ their parents came to the
DO

party on Christmas Day. 44. If I received the money my father promised me, I would buy
__________ a DVD set __________ micro system.
NO

a) ( ) either; or d) ( ) nor
b) ( ) neither; nor e) ( ) either; neither a) or – or d) not only – also
I
ST

c) ( ) neither; or b) nor – nor e) either – either

LE

c) either – or
CE

36. Fill in the gaps with the most appropriate conjunction. Choose
one of the options below. 45. When they traveled abroad, they visited __ Europe ___ Africa.
US
TE

115
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) both – also d) just as – but also

TI
b) not only – but also e) if – whether a) but. d) nevertheless.

ES
c) either – nor b) although. e) therefore.
c) however.

L
CE
46 You have to study harder, __________ you will fail. 54. Meanwhile, he tried to keep the children far from the danger.
– The word in bold means the same as:

S
a) if b) whether c) otherwise d) whereas

EU
a) Whereas d) When

AT
47. Our players did their best, however they lost the game. b) While e) Whenever

8M
– The word in bold can be replaced by: c) In the meantime

79
a) therefore b) still c) besides d) in addition 55. Besides buying a new laptop, Kevin bought a new plasma TV set.

04
• The sentence above is equivalent in meaning to:

01
48. My house isn’t very large, __________ it is comfortable.

10
– Which word cannot be used to complete the blank above? a) Kevin did not buy a new laptop, nor new plasma TV set.

21
b) Kevin, besides buying a new laptop, not only bought a new
a) nonetheless c) nevertheless plasma TV set.

TO
b) however d) hence c) Kevin is buying either a new laptop or a new plasma TV set.

EN
d) Not only did Kevin buy a new laptop, he also bought a new
49. Which pair of conjunctions is not formed only by synonyms? plasma TV set.

IM
e) Not only did Kevin buy a new laptop, he also did not buy a
SC
a) nonetheless – however d) as – since new plasma TV set.
NA

b) consequently – hence e) because – as well

c) so – that’s why 56. Despite the fact that my house isn’t very large, it’s comfortable.
DO

– The word ‘despite’ can be replaced by:

50. O Sr. Arthur decidiu comprar o apartamento, embora o preço
O

seja um pouco alto. a) Rather d) Furthermore

IN

– O termo em negrito significa, em inglês: b) In spite of e) Since

ST

c) Instead of
LE

a) however d) thus
CE

b) therefore e) although 57. Once they are agreed, the new guidelines will go through a
c) besides series of trials, at first primarily at Cambridge University, before
S

being issued nationally.

EU

51. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sen- – O termo "Once" pode ser substituído sem alteração de
AT

tences: sentido por:

8M

I. Study harder; __________ you'll fail. a) Before. b) As soon as. c) If. d) Unless. e) At any time.
79

II. I know nothing about it; __________, I can't help you.

04

III. The editors continue to publish, _____ irregularly, two journals. 58. You can go out tonight __________ you finish your homework.
1

IV. ______ being a good actor, he is also an excellent soccer player.

00

a) provided that d) in order to

1

a) I. otherwise; II. thus; III. albeit; IV. Besides b) unless e) what if

21

b) I. although; II. therefore; III. for; IV. And c) so that

TO

c) I. so; II. so that; III. but; IV. Moreover

EN

d) I. or else; II. consequently; III. besides; IV. Also 59. Through Lisbon flowed not only the gold of Brazil and West
e) I. also; II. as a consequence; III. then; IV. In addition Africa and the spices of the East Indies, but new treasures of know-
IM

ledge, new maps, accounts of different peoples and societies, new

SC

52. The sentence "Though overshoppers later experience consi- animal and botanical species.
NA

derable remorse, they find shopping exciting" contains an idea of: – A expressão correlativa not only... but indica:
DO

a) addition. d) condition. a) adversidade. c) negação.

b) alternative. e) contrast. b) exclusividade. d) adição.
NO

c) cause.
60. The expression "regardless of" in the sentence "You can
I
ST

53. Speech is natural, __________, we learn to speak before we le- profit from it regardless of your level of formal education", can be
LE

arn to read and write. replaced by:

CE

– The item which completes the sentence above in a

meaningful way is:
US
TE

116
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) unless. d) however.

TI
b) because. e) in spite of.

ES
c) although.

L
CE
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO

S
EU
AT
Many graduates earn ‘paltry returns’ for their degree

8M
Mr Halfon, a former skills minister, stated in his speech that the

79
nation has “become obsessed ______(1) full academic degrees”.

04
“We are creating a higher education system that overwhelmingly

01
favours academic degrees, while intermediate and higher techni-

10
cal offerings are comparatively tiny. The labour market does not

21
need an ever-growing supply of academic degrees. Between a fif-
th and a third of our graduates take non-graduate jobs. The extra 3. (EEAR 2018) Fill in the blanks with the option that best completes

TO
return for having a degree varies wildly according to subject and the text.

EN
institution. For many, the returns are paltry.”
Mr Halfon said that there is a strong need for intermediate skills. a) over / in c) at / along

IM
“There are skills shortages in several sectors. And there are millions b) in / along
SC d) on / across
______(2) people who want to get on in life – preferably without
NA

spending £50,000 on academic degrees,” he added. “There has

been growing concern about the amount of debt students are ac-
DO

cumulating and the interest being charged on that debt.”

A spokesman for UUK (a representative organisation for the UK’s
O

universities) said: “Official figures are clear that, on average, uni-

IN

versity graduates continue to earn substantially more than non-

ST

-graduates and are more likely to be in employment. A university

LE

degree remains an excellent investment.”

CE

“We must, however, be careful to avoid using graduate salaries

as the single measure of success in higher education. Many uni-
S

versities specialise in fields such ______(3) the arts, the creative in-
EU

dustries, nursing and public sector professions that, despite making

AT

an essential contribution to society and the economy, pay less on

8M

average.” 4. (EEAR 2018) The words “after”, “in”, “of” and “from”, in bold in the
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-42923529 text, are __________.
79
04

1. (Espcex 2018) Choose the alternative containing the correct a) articles c) pronouns
1

words to respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3). b) adverbs d) prepositions
1 00

a) at, of, to d) in, with, an 5. (ESPCEX 2015) Choose the correct option to complete the blanks.
21

b) to, on, a e) with, of, as

TO

c) by, on, that “My name is Tyler Benson and I work _______ an office in New York
EN

City. During the week, I get up _______ six-thirty. I go _______ work

2. (EN 2018) Which option completes the text below correctly? _______ train, but _______ Fridays I drive my car so I can visit my
IM

mother _______ the afternoon. I start work _______ a quarter to

SC

School is exhausting! I’m so tired! I can’t keep up ______all the re- nine and I have lunch _______ work. _______ the summer, I work di-
NA

adings and assignments. It’s too much work! But l won’t drop_____. fferent hours because _______ June 15th, we change to the summer
I need this degree. I don’t want to put_____my dreams any longer. timetable. It`s very hot in New York City _______ August, so most
DO

I need to have the money to carry them ____ as soon as possible, people go on vacation.”
but I’m really looking forward_____the spring break. I need to rest
NO

a little. a) to – at – for – to – on – at – to – on – On – in - on
b) for – at – for – by – in – on – on – at – At – on - at
I
ST

a) with / up / away / out / for c) by – at – to – on – in – in – at – in – In – on – in

LE

b) to /in /away /on /for d) in – at – to – by – on – in – at – at – In – on – in

CE

c) for / out /off /on /to

d) to /up /up /on /for 6. (ESFCEX 2015) Choose the altemative that correctly completes
S

e) with /out /off /out /to

U
TE

117
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
the sentences below: a) on/of/in/to/in d) on/of/to/from/to

TI
b) in/of/in/from/to e) in/from/to/to/in

ES
_______March 25th she will be_________ the plane. She arri- c) on/from/in/to/from
ves__________ 7 am. Once_______ London she will call us.

L
CE
10. (ESFCEX 2014) Which alternative best completes the following
a) On - in - on - on c) On - on - at - in. sentence?

S
b) At - in - at - in. d) Since -on- in - at.

EU
My sister spent most of her life __________ a small town _________

AT
the south _________Bahia.

8M
a) at – at – in d) in – on – of

79
b) on – on – of e) on – at – in

04
c) in – in – of

01
10
11. (ESFCEX 2014) Choose the alternative that correctly completes

21
the sentences below:

TO
I left Rio ___ 2013 and went ____ Salvador and I will get married

EN
______ July. The wedding is ______ August 25th.

IM
a) On – from – on - on.
SC d) Since – on – in - at.
b) At – for – at - in. e) From – for – at - in.
NA

7. (EEAR 2015) Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate c) In – to – in - on.
preposition, respectively:
DO

12. (IO RIO 2014) The opposite of “under” in “under the sea" is:
a) of / from c) of / for
O

b) from / to d) at / of a) beside. c) at.

IN

b) above. d) in.
ST
LE
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
04

13. The correct prepositions to fill in the blanks are, respectively:

1
00

a) of/ to/ in/ from c) from/ in/ to/ of

1

b) in/ of/ from/ to d) to/ from/ of/ in

21
TO

8. (2014 EEAR) Fill in he blanks with the suitable option

EN

a) for – to – on – in c) to – from – in – for

IM

b) on – in – from – to d) since – for – from – to

SC
NA

9. (EN 2014) Which is the correct option to complete the paragra-

ph below?
DO

The construction of means to control maritime areas will focus

NO

__________ the strategic areas ________ maritime access ______

Brazil. Two Coastal areas will continue to deserve special atten-
I
ST

tion: the strip that goes ________ Santos _________ Vitória, and the
LE

area around the mouth of the Amazon River.

CE

(Adapted from http://www.globalsecurity.org)

14. (EEAR 2013) Fill in the blank with a suitable option:
US
TE

118
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
a) In b) For c) Since d) During Twilight is a 2008 American romantic vampire film based ___

ES
Stephenie Meyer’s popular novel of the same name. It is the first
film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the deve-

L
CE
lopment of the relationship between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen
(a vampire), and the subsequent efforts of Cullen and his family to

S
keep Swan safe ___ a coven of evil vampires.

EU
The project was in development for approximately 3 years ___

AT
Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation that

8M
differed significantly from the novel was written. Principal photo-
graphy took 44 days and the film was primarily shot in Oregon.

79
04
Twilight was theatrically released ___ November 21 2010, grossing

01
over US$392 million worldwide and became the most purchased

10
DVD of the year. The soundtrack was released in the same year.

21
Following the success of the film, New Moon and Eclipse, the next
two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year.

TO
EN
15. Fill in the blanks with the suitable options, respectively: Adapted from Wikipedia

IM
a) by - by c) for - for 18. (AFA 2011) Choose the correct prepositions to fill in the gaps
SC
b) to - to d) from - from above.
NA

Man on the Moon a) of – off – at – in c) under – for – off – in

DO

b) about – to – over – at d) on – from – at – on

___ July 21, 1969, ___ 2:56 a.m. (Greenwich Mean Time) the Ameri-
O

can astronaut Neil Armstrong left the lunar module of Apollo 11 and 19. (EEAR 2011) In “...He could see the lights of runway brightly by a
IN

put his left foot on the surface of the moon. lake.”, (lines 28 and 29), the underlined word is
ST

(Adapted from Password English Book)

LE

a) a conjunction. c) an adjective.
CE

16. (EEAR 2012) The correct prepositions to fill in the blanks are, b) a preposition. d) a pronoun.
respectively:
S
EU

a) In / at c) On / on
AT

b) In / on d) On / at
8M
79
104
1 00
21
TO
EN

20. (EEAR 2011) The correct prepositions to fill in the blanks are,
respectively:
IM
SC

a) for / by c) from / by
NA

b) till / with d) from / on

DO

Read the text and answer question.

NO

17. (EEAR 2012) Fill in the blank with the appropriate word to com-
plete the text: Deforestation has recently been recognized as a global pro-
I
ST

blem. Even today, governments and individuals believe that only

LE

a) One b) Among c) Between d) Considering the countries using up their forests will be affected by it. However,
CE

scientists are convinced that the world’s forests must be preserved.

Twilight They base their conviction on scientific data that prove the impor-
US
TE

119
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
tance of forests to all people everywhere. sional football game.

TI
(Taken from Between the Lines) (Adapted from Inglês Doorway) GLOSSARY harves-

ES
ted – colhido cranberries – mirtilo
21. The underlined word, in the text, is similar in meaning to

L
CE
25. Fill in the blank with the suitable option:
a) so. b) but. c) then. d) because.

S
a) Besides b) Because c) Although d) Therefore

EU
Vitamin C

AT
26. Select the alternative that best completes the sentence below

8M
Foods such as oranges and tomatoes contain a lot of vitamin C. giving idea of comparison. He is a good artist and he sings ____ a
Other fruits and vegetables ____ vitamin C, too. Doctors agree that professional when he is on stage.

79
vitamin C ______ us healthy. Most doctors think that vitamin C

04
helps prevent colds. A few people believe that vitamin C can pre- a) as b) like c) such d) as if

01
vent cancer and other serious health problems.

10
(Taken from Access Reading Thomson) A pilot from Northwest Airlines flight was less than plea-

21
sed with the food which was to be served on the flight. He decided
22. “such as”, (line 1), is closest in meaning to to find some better food, so he left his aeroplane, and then left the

TO
airport to find food even though he had a plane to fly. The passen-

EN
a) so. b) but. c) instead. d) for example. gers were left to wait 90 minutes until the pilot came back and
when the pilot came back he was fired on the spot for “abandoning

IM
23. In “ …birds each year are killed in the city as a result of striking his plane”. SC
glass-fronted buildings.”, (lines 8 and 9), the expression, in bold (Adapted from www.flightglobal.com)
NA

type, implies an idea of

27. The conjunction “so” (line 03), in the text, can be replaced by
DO

a) reason. b) purpose. c) condition. d) contradiction.

a) because c) even though
O

How to reduce your sugar intake Begin by replacing sugar in drinks b) however d) and therefore
IN

with saccharin or aspartame. Drink low-calorie soft drinks. This

ST

means that you will get an immediate reduction in calorie intake The Secret life of pets
LE

without having to change your taste for sweet things. Stop buying
CE

biscuits, sweets and chocolates, and choose fruit and vegetables Taking place in a Manhattan apartment building, Max’s life as a
_________. If you must have cakes, make your own, using half the favorite pet is turned upside down, when his owner brings home
S

quantity of sugar given in standard recipes. Watch out for what a sloppy mongrel named Duke. They have to put their quarrels
EU

you eat! behind when they find out that an adorable white bunny named
AT

(Adapted from The Sunday Times ABC Diet and Snowball is building an army of lost pets determined to take re-
8M

Body Plan) GLOSSARY intake – ingestão venge.

Fonte: www.imdb.com/title/tt2709768
79

24. Choose the correct alternative to have the text completed cor-
04

rectly: 28. A similar meaning to “as”, in bold type in the passage, is

1
00

a) yet b) still c) ever d) instead a) like b) when c) while d) though

1

29. He wanted to improve his piano playing _______ he wanted to

21

Thanksgiving win the competition.

TO
EN

In 1620 one of the first British settlements in America was a) so b) but c) because d) therefore
established in Massachusetts. These settlers known as Pilgrims had
IM

come to America to freely practice their religion. They arrived in 30. Tom got good marks _______ he studied hard.
SC

November, when it was too late to plant crops. ______ many pe-
NA

ople died, the Pilgrim settlement survived the winter because of a) because b) but c) so d)then
help from Indians who lived nearby. The Indians taught the Pilgrims
DO

about corn and showed them where to fish. The next November, 31. We are going to walk in the mountains _______play football.
after the crops were harvested, the Pilgrims gave thanks to God at
NO

a feast to which they invited the Indians. Every year, Americans a) because b) so c) but d) or
celebrate Thanksgiving. Families and friends get together for a big
I
ST

feast. The meal usually includes roast turkey with stuffing and gravy, 32. I am good at English _______ I am not going to help Amy.
LE

a sweet sauce made from cranberries, sweet potatoes, and pum-

CE

pkin pie. What a meal! It’s not surprising that a recent Thanksgiving a) because b) but c) or d) so
tradition is to sit after dinner in front of the TV watching a profes-
US
TE

120
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
33. I like Carolina _______ she is very friendly. c) across – by – on

TI
d) in – on – at

ES
a) but b) so c) because d) or e) on – at – after

L
CE
34. We were late for the show _______ we didn't take a taxi. 43. Choose the best option to complete the sentence: Bell
used electricity to send the human voice __________ one place

S
a) but b) and c) or d) then __________ another.

EU
AT
35. They visited an art gallery _______ a museum. a) on – in

8M
b) from – to
a) therefore b) but c) so d) and c) in – to

79
d) at – to

04
36. He can't walk _______ he fell off the chair _______ hurt his foot, e) above – below

01
_______ he has a lot of time to read.

10
44. The prepositions in and on are correctly used in all alternatives

21
a) and / because / so c) so / and / because BUT:
b) because / and / so d) so / because / and

TO
a) On September I'll be in vacation.

EN
37. Last Sunday was my mum's birthday _______ I wanted to buy a b) He'll go on a leave in the summer.
present for her. c) She's always in a bad mood on Mondays.

IM
d) In two months you can be on the road.
SC
a) so b) or c) but d) because e) In the evenings I see her on TV.
NA

38. I went to the shopping centre _______ the shops were closed. 45. Escolha a melhor alternativa para preencher as lacunas da frase
DO

a seguir:
a) or b) because c) but d) so __________ 1948 an American woman was employed__________
O

the first time __________ a jet pilot__________ an American airline.

IN

39. __________ what he says, she was born __________ March25,

ST

1970. a) In – at – as – for
LE

b) During – by – like – in
CE

a) According to – in c) From – on – with – by

b) According with – on d) On – for – like – by
S

c) Accordance to – in e) In – for – as – by
EU

d) According to – on
AT

e) Accordance with – in 46. Choose the CORRECT alternative to complete the sentence:
8M

That girl __________ the corner told everybody she is

40. I made seven different plans for my vacation, howe- going__________ leave __________ New York __________ seven to-
79

ver__________ the end I went to the Bahamas again. morrow night, __________ a huge airplane.
04
1

a) to a) by – for – on – in – at
00

b) by b) under – below – by – at – for

1

c) with c) through – into – onto – on – on

21

d) in d) on – to – for – at – by
TO

e) at e) on – to – for – in – by
EN

41. Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks: Julie was 47. The program Dr. Black is working __________ his collea-
IM

born __________ July 3, __________ night__________ New York. gues__________ the department__________ psychiatry will build on
SC

a pioneering study done __________ 1989.

NA

a) in / at / at – Mark the item which contains the prepositions that complete the
b) on / at / in passage above:
DO

c) in / at / in
d) on / in / at a) with, of, about, in
NO

b) with, on, from, in

42. Fill in the gaps in the following sentence correctly: Man walked c) with, in, of, in
I
ST

__________ the moon __________ the first time __________ 1969. d) without, at, by, on
LE

e) without, from, after, on

CE

a) on – for – in
b) across – at – in 48. Assinale a alternativa correta.
US
TE

121
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Aspirin is the best drug to fight ______ headache. c) in

TI
d) on

ES
a) on e) for
b) against

L
CE
c) with 54. Which alternative best completes the following sentence?
d) to My sister spent most of her life __________ a small town _________

S
e) for the south _________Bahia.

EU
AT
49. Assinale a alternativa correta: a) at – at – in

8M
Very little is known ______ nuclear energy. b) on – on – of
c) in – in – of

79
a) of d) in – on – of

04
b) over e) on – at – in

01
c) in

10
d) into 55. Complete com as palavras necessárias:

21
e) about I was born __________ 2 o'clock __________ the morning, __________
a Sunday __________ April__________ the year 1958, __________ a

TO
50. An executive presiding over a lunchtime meeting__________ farm __________ a small village called Sta. Cruz, __________ the sta-

EN
a busy San Francisco restaurant was having no luck getting the te of Goiás, Brazil.
waiter's attention. So, using his cellular phone, he called the restau-

IM
rant and asked __________ have some menus sent over __________ a) on / in / on / in / in / in / in / in
SC
his table. It worked. b) on / in / on / in / of / in / in / in
NA

Quais preposições completam corretamente o texto? c) at / in / on / in / of / on / in / on

d) at / in / in / in / of / in / in / in
DO

a) in, about, to e) at / in / on / in / of / in / in / in
b) at, to, in
O

c) in, for, on 56. "Sue and I first met_____1991. She was born _____ April 15th, and I
IN

d) for, for, to was born ____ September. We'll travel to Paris tomorrow _____10:00
ST

e) in, to, to p.m. and we'll stay there_____ August."

LE
CE

51. One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue a) in/in/on/at/until
of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the b) on/on/in/on/until
S

nineteenth century by the people of France. c) in/on/in/at/until

EU

– Preencha a lacuna de acordo com o texto: d) on/in/on/until/on

AT

Who was the statue presented __________? e) at/in/in/until/on

8M

a) from 57. (UFRS) Fill in the gaps in the following sentence correctly: Man
79

b) for walked __________ the moon __________the first time __________

04

c) by 1969.
1

d) at
00

e) in a) on – for – in
1

b) across – at – in
21

52. Assinale a alternativa correta: c) across – by – on

TO

Fried potatoes are called "French Fries" __________ the United Sta- d) in – on – at
EN

tes. e) on – at – after
IM

a) on 58. (PUCRS) The prepositions in and on are correctly used in all

SC

b) about alternatives BUT:

NA

c) of
d) from a) On September I'll be in vacation.
DO

e) in b) He'll go on a leave in the summer.

c) She's always in a bad mood on Mondays.
NO

53. Assinale a alternativa correta: d) In two months you can be on the road.
We stayed in Rome __________ two months. e) In the evenings I see her on TV.
I
ST
LE
CE

a) since 59. Complete the sentence:

b) at Nick lives _____ a farm, but I live ______ Goiania and most part of
US
TE

122
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
my relatives live ______ as small village near Annapolis. smiled and told him not to worry because they were trained pro-

TI
fessionals and he was in good hands. Then she asked Will, “Has your

ES
a) at – at – at plane arrived yet?”
b) on – at – on (Adapted from academictips.org)

L
CE
c) in – at – at The correct preposition that fills in the blank in the text is
d) in – in – in

S
e) on – in – at a) at

EU
b) by

AT
60. During the week I get up early ______ the morning anjd go to c) for

8M
bed late ______ night, But normally _____ weekends I sleep _______ d) from
midday.

79
65. (EN) Choose the correct option to complete the text below.

04
a) in – at – at – until

01
b) on – in – in – as far as International Congress

10
c) on – at – at – even Join us _______our 2016 International Education Conference

21
d) in – at – in – until _______ Orlando, at the Disney's BoardWalk Inn! The BoardWalk is
e) in – in – at – till located within the Walt Disney World Resort and 10 minutes away

TO
_______ the Epcot Theme Park. In addition to the Education Confe-

EN
61. I has been raining ______ yesterday. rence, we are also hosting a Business Conference that will be held
on the same days, at the same venue.

IM
a) already (Abridged from http://www, cluteinstitute.com/education-confe-
SC
b) for rences/)
NA

c) always
d) since a) in/in/at
DO

e) from b) on/in/under
c) at/at/under
O

62. (FESP) The children have been ill ……………………….. two months. d) at/in/from
IN

They haven’t had a good breakfast ………………………. weeks. e) in/at/from

ST

In fact, they haven’t had a good breakfast ……………………………. last

LE

October. 66. Complete the sentence below with the correct prepositions,
CE

respectively. Choose the CORRECT answer.

a) since, for, since “I'm flying to Spain ______ 8 o'clock _____ the morning _______the
S

b) for, since, for 22nd of April."

EU

c) for, for, since

AT

d) since, since, for a) in / on / at

8M

e) for, for, for b) at / in / on

c) on / at / in
79

63. According to the use of the prepositions, fill the gaps. d) at / on / in

04

I need to get ______ time to the show, they are waiting for me until
1

10.00 p.m. 67. The boldfaced conjunction expresses what is stated in brackets
00

Will you be ______ time for lunch? in alternative

1

I’ll be there, ______ the end of the month.

21

______ the end, I’ll be there. a) “when he heard somebody in his garden.” (l. 2) [place]
TO

b) “and suddenly I saw this guy running toward me.” (l. 3-4)
EN

It is correct, respectively: [result]

c) “as he knew he would end up second-best in a fight with
IM

a) at, at, in On the intruder.” (l. 5-7) [reason]

SC

b) on, in, at, In d) “but the tires on the bike were flat” (l. 7-8) [addition]
NA

c) in, on, in, At e) “because he was so close to me” (l. 19) [contrast]
d) on, at, on, At
DO

e) in, in, in, In Drinking coffee could help you live longer Coffee not only helps you
feel full of beans, it might add years to your life as well, two major
NO

64. (EEAR) Read the text and answer question. studies have shown. Scientists in Europe and the US have uncove-
red the clearest evidence yet that drinking coffee reduces the risk
I
ST

Will’s experience at the airport of death.

LE

After his return _____ Rome, Will couldn’t find his luggage in the One study of more than half a million people from 10 European
CE

airport baggage area. He went to the lost luggage office and told countries found that men who downed at least three cups of coffee
the woman there that his bags hadn’t arrived on the carousel. She a day were 18% less likely to die from any cause than non-coffee
US
TE

123
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
drinkers. Women drinking the same amount benefited less, but still in life because they help young adults determine who they are, the

TI
experienced an 8% reduction in mortality over the period mea- researchers said. “It’s often around this age that we meet people

ES
sured. from diverse backgrounds, with opinions and values that are diffe-
Similar results were reported by American scientists who conduc- rent from our own, and we learn how to best manage those diffe-

L
CE
ted a separate investigation, recruiting 185855 participants from rences,” said Carmichael, now an assistant professor of psychology
different ethnic backgrounds. Irrespective of ethnicity, people who at Brooklyn College. “Considering everything else that goes on in

S
drank two to three cups of coffee daily had an 18% reduced risk of life over those 30 years – marriage, raising a family and building a

EU
death. career – it is extraordinary that there appears to be a relationship

AT
Each of the studies, both published in the journal Annals of Inter- between the kinds of interactions college students and young

8M
nal Medicine, showed no advantage from drinking either caffeina- adults have and their emotional health later in life,” she concluded.
ted or decaffeinated coffee. Experts believe the antioxidant plant (www.nlm.nih.gov)

79
compounds in coffee rather than caffeine are responsible for the

04
life-extending effect. Previous research has suggested that drinking 69. No trecho do quarto parágrafo “because they help young

01
coffee can reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, adults”, o termo em destaque pode ser corretamente substituído,

10
and some cancers. sem alteração de sentido, por

21
Dr Marc Gunter, from the International Agency for Research on
Cancer, who led the European study with colleagues from Imperial a) still.

TO
College London, said: “We found that higher coffee consumption b) though.

EN
was associated with a lower risk of death from any cause and spe- c) due to.
cifically for circulatory diseases and digestive diseases. Importan- d) in order to.

IM
tly, these results were similar across all of the 10 European coun- e) since.
SC
tries, with variable coffee drinking habits and customs. Our study
NA

also offers important insights into the possible mechanisms for 70. No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “who conducted the study
the beneficial health effects of coffee.” (www.huffingtonpost.co.uk, while a doctoral candidate”, o termo em destaque tem o sentido
DO

11.07.2017. Adaptado.) de
O

68. No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Women drinking the same a) during the time.
IN

amount benefited less, but still experienced an 8% reduction in b) until.

ST

mortality”, a palavra em destaque indica uma ideia de c) in spite of.

LE

d) wherever.
CE

a) contraste. e) as soon as.

b) inclusão.
S

c) negação.
EU

d) comparação. Dying to defend the planet: why Latin America

AT

e) alternativa. is the deadliest place for environmentalists

8M

February 11, 2017

Social life in youth may impact health decades later Defending nature is a dangerous occupation, especially in Latin
79

Having good social connections at age 20 can lead to improved America. According to a recent report by Global Witness, an NGO,
04

well-being later in life, a new study suggests. Previous research has 185 environmental activists were murdered worldwide in 2015, an
1

shown that people with poor social links are at increased risk for increase of 59% from the year before. More than half the killings
00

early death. “In fact, having few social connections is equivalent were in Latin America. In Brazil 50 green campaigners died in 2015.
1

to tobacco use, and [the risk is] higher than for those who drink Honduras is especially dangerous: 123 activists have died there sin-
21

excessive amounts of alcohol, or who suffer from obesity,” study ce 2010, the highest number of any country relative to its popu-
TO

author Cheryl Carmichael, who conducted the study while a doc- lation. Berta Cáceres, an indigenous leader who was a prominent
EN

toral candidate at the University of Rochester in New York, said in a campaigner against dams and plantations, was murdered there.
university news release. Why is Latin America so deadly? One reason is its abundant na-
IM

The study included 133 people who enrolled when they were tural resources, which attract enterprises of all sorts, from multina-
SC

20-year-old college students in the 1970s. The participants kept tionals to mafias. When prices are low, as they are now, the most
NA

track of their daily social interactions at ages 20 and 30. At age 50, rapacious do not go away; to maintain their profits they become
they completed an online survey about the quality of their social more aggressive, says David Kaimowitz of the Ford Foundation,
DO

lives and emotional well-being, including questions about loneli- which gives money to good causes. New technologies open up new
ness and depression, and their relationships with close friends. battlefronts. Soya beans bred to grow in tropical conditions have
NO

The findings showed that frequent social interactions at age 20 encouraged farmers to displace cattle ranchers, who in turn have
and good-quality relationships – defined as intimate and satisfying advanced into the rainforest. Small prospectors can now extract
I
ST

– at age 30 were associated with higher levels of well-being at age gold from soil rather than just hunting around. That opens up new
LE

50. The study findings were published in a recent issue of the jour- areas for exploitation, such as San Rafael de Flores in south-eastern
CE

nal Psychology and Aging. Guatemala, where activists have been murdered.
A high number of social interactions at age 20 are beneficial later The odds of finding the criminals are greater if the victim is foreign.
US
TE

124
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Dorothy Stang, an American nun who fought to protect the Ama- their fees won't increase - as long as they finish in four years", "as

TI
zon rainforest, was killed in Brazil 12 years ago. Both the gunman long as" could be replaced by all the items below, EXCEPT:

ES
and a rancher who had hired him eventually went to jail. But that
is an exception. a) if

L
CE
(https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/02/11/ why-la- b) in case
tin-america-is-the-deadliest-place-for-environmentalists. Adap- c) unless

S
tado) d) provided that

EU
e) on condition that

AT
71. No trecho do segundo parágrafo – That opens up new areas for

8M
exploitation, such as San Rafael de Flores in southeastern Guate- How facial recognition technology aids police
mala – a expressão em destaque introduz

79
Police officers’ ability to recognize and locate individuals with a his-

04
a) uma explicação. tory of committing crime is vital to their work. In fact, it is so impor-

01
b) uma decorrência. tant that officers believe possessing it is fundamental to the craft

10
c) uma generalização. of effective street policing, crime prevention and investigation. Ho-

21
d) um motivo. wever, with the total police workforce falling by almost 20 percent
e) um exemplo. since 2010 and recorded crime rising, police forces are turning to

TO
new technological solutions to help enhance their capability and

EN
Why the Internet is so addictive capacity to monitor and track individuals about whom they have
"Checking Facebook should only take a minute." Those are the concerns.

IM
famous last words of countless people every day, right before get- SC
ting sucked into several hours of watching cat videos or commen- One such technology is Automated Facial Recognition (known
NA

ting on Instagrammed sushi lunches. That behavior is natural, given as AFR). This works by analyzing key facial features, generating a
how the Internet is structured, experts say. The Internet’s omnipre- mathematical representation of them, and then comparing them
DO

sence and lack of limits encourage people to lose track of time, against known faces in a database, to determine possible matches.
making it hard to exercise the self-control to turn it off. While a number of UK and international police forces have been
O

"The Internet is not addictive in the same way as pharmacological enthusiastically exploring the potential of AFR, some groups have
IN

substances are," said Tom Stafford, a cognitive scientist at the Uni- spoken about its legal and ethical status. They are concerned that
ST

versity of Sheffield in the U.K. "But it's compulsive; it's compelling; the technology significantly extends the reach and depth of sur-
LE

it's distracting." Humans are social creatures. Therefore, people en- veillance by the state.
CE

joy the social information available via email and the Web.
The main reason the Internet is so addictive is that it lacks boun- Until now, however, there has been no robust evidence about what
S

daries between tasks, Stafford said. Someone may set out to "rese- AFR systems can and cannot deliver for policing. Although AFR has
EU

arch something, and then accidentally go to Wikipedia, and then become increasingly familiar to the public through its use at air-
AT

wind up trying to find out what ever happened to Depeche Mode," ports to help manage passport checks, the environment in such
8M

Stafford said, referring to the music band. Studies suggest willpo- settings is quite controlled. Applying similar procedures to stre-
wer is like a muscle: It can be strengthened, but can also become et policing is far more complex. Individuals on the street will be
79

exhausted. Because the Internet is always "on," staying on task re- moving and may not look directly towards the camera. Levels of
04

quires constantly flexing that willpower muscle, which can exhaust lighting change, too, and the system will have to cope with the va-
1

a person's self-control. garies of the British weather.

00

For those who want to loosen the grip of the Web on their lives,
1

a few simple techniques may do the trick. Web-blocking tools that As with all innovative policing technologies there are important le-
21

limit surfing time can help people regain control over their time. gal and ethical concerns and issues that still need to be considered.
TO

Another method is to plan ahead, committing to work for 20 mi- But in order for these to be meaningfully debated and assessed by
EN

nutes, or until a certain task is complete, and then allowing five citizens, regulators and law-makers, we need a detailed understan-
minutes of Web surfing, Stafford said. ding of precisely what the technology can realistically accomplish.
IM

(Adapted from: http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/computers/sto- Sound evidence, rather than references to science fiction techno-
SC

ries/why-the-internet-is-so-addictive) logy --- as seen in films such as Minority Report --- is essential.
NA

72. The word Therefore in: “Therefore, people enjoy the social in- With this in mind, one of our conclusions is that in terms of des-
DO

formation…” (paragraph 2) indicates cribing how AFR is being applied in policing currently, it is more
accurate to think of it as “assisted facial recognition,” as opposed to
NO

a) addition. a fully automated system. Unlike border control functions -- whe-

b) cause. re the facial recognition is more of an automated system -- when
I
ST

c) contrast. supporting street policing, the algorithm is not deciding whether

LE

d) conclusion. there is a match between a person and what is stored in the data-
CE

base. Rather, the system makes suggestions to a police operator

73. In the sentence "Illinois is guaranteeing first-year students that about possible similarities. It is then down to the operator to con-
S

firm or refute them.

U
TE

125
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
By Bethan Davies, Andrew Dawson, Martin Innes (Source: https:// from: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language) (...)

TI
gcn.com/articles/2018/11/30/facial-recognitionpolicing.aspx,

ES
accessed May 30th, 2020) a) Even though / Also / Thus
b) Therefore / Because / But

L
CE
74. In “Until now, however”, the word “however” introduces the no- c) However / Once / In addition
tion of d) As much as / As long as / Otherwise

S
e) Moreover / Although / However

EU
a) cause.

AT
b) contrast. 78. Which option completes the first paragraph of the text cor-

8M
c) emphasis. rectly?
d) agreement. “I’ve known a lot of athletes who qualified for the Olympic Games

79
e) comparison. ______ injuries. But I know of only one who qualified because of an

04
injury."

01
75. Which sequence completes the sentences correctly?

10
1. That man died________ he lived, fighting. 2 .I wasn’t expecting a) as if

21
________ cold weather. 3. Don’t use your plate ________ an ashtray. b) despite
4. That’s John’s bike, unless I’m _________ mistaken. 5. They’re c) instead of

TO
_________ fools. d) however

EN
e) moreover
a) like - such - as - much - so

IM
b) like - so - as - very - such How things work: 100 scientific explanations
SC
c) as - such - as - very much - such
NA

d) as - so - as - very much - so Preservation property has always been important to humans.

e) as - such - like - very – so Historians in the ninth century were the first to record the use of
DO

varnish, a protective liquid composed of resins, natural oils, and al-

76. Choose the alternative that correctly completes the blanks in cohol, among other ingredients. Furniture makers learned that if
O

the text below. they painted coats of the stuff on a piece of furniture or wood floor,
IN

it made it impervious to liquids and their damage and shielded it

ST

The Signal Box Inn from normal wear and tear. And the makers liked the shine furnitu-
LE

In the Cleethorpes region of Great Britain, there is a very unusual re had after it was varnished.
CE

signal box that is now used for something completely different. The
Signal Box Inn is a pub;_______ , at only 6m2 , it is in the Guinness Varnish comes in many formulations. Some are oil based, using
S

Book of Records as the smallest pub in the world, with room inside linseed or tung oil, while others are water-based. Varnish cures, or
EU

for only 6 people! _______it is very small, it serves 5 types of beer dries, on what it’s painted, creating a glossy, clear film on the surfa-
AT

and cider and some food. The best place to enjoy your drink while ce. Some oil-based varnishes can turn to a yellowish color; water-
8M

you watch steam trains go by is in the pub’s beer garden. -based varieties do not. Wood must be carefully cleaned and san-
(Adapted from: Flash on English for Transport and Logistics) ded before any varnish is applied. Several coats are often required.
79

All varnishes contain resins — terpenes with five-carbon molecules

04

a) in fact - Although called isoprenes and also include a drying oil or solvent to reduce
1

b) however - Despite drying time.

00

c) therefore - Because
1

d) thus - As Although furniture and floors are still the most frequently varnished
21

e) otherwise -Once items, the wooden hulls of boats are also often varnished. Clear nail
TO

polish, a type of varnish, can be used for countless small fixes: dab
EN

77. Read the extract below and choose the only sequence that can small amounts to keep splintered wood from snagging, prevent ink
complete it. (...) from running, and stop buttons on clothing or screws on sunglasses
IM

from coming loose.

SC

The female voice.

NA

The vast majority of projects in speech synthesis have used male (National Geographic Special Publication “How Things Work”
voices. The early synthesizers of the 1980s were very limited in the Adapted.)
DO

kind of speech they could cope with. The Haskins Laboratories

Pattern Playback, for example, could only produce a fundamental 79. In “Although furniture ... varnished items” ALTHOUGH does NOT
NO

frequency of 120Hz. ______, very little information was available on mean:

the acoustics of female speech. ______ several efforts were e-com-
I
ST

merce made to produce female-sounding speech, none of them a) Albeit.

LE

was convincing.______, since the 1980s, the use of more sophis- b) Hence.
CE

ticated acoustic analyses and equipment has led to the synthesis c) Nevertheless.
of several utterances with an acceptable female quality. (Adapted d) Notwithstanding.
US
TE

126
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
e) as

TI
Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes?

ES
82. Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que complete a sentença
The mosquito is the most dangerous animal in the world, car- corretamente:

L
CE
rying diseases that kill one million people a year. Now the Zika virus, _____________ the cost of a college education at Central Wyoming
which is carried by mosquitoes, has been linked with thousands of College is relatively low, many students need and receive financial

S
babies born with brain defects in South America. There are 3,500 aid.

EU
known species of mosquitoes, but only the females from just 6%

AT
of species draw blood from humans - to help them develop their a) Although

8M
eggs. Of these, just half carry parasites that cause human diseases. b) Besides
c) No sooner

79
More than a million people, mostly from poorer nations, die d) Despite

04
each year from mosquito-borne diseases, including Malaria, Den- e) However

01
gue Fever and Yellow Fever. Some mosquitoes also carry the Zika

10
virus, which was first thought to cause only mild fever and rashes.

21
However, scientists are now worried that it can damage babies in
the womb. There’s a constant effort to educate people to use nets

TO
and other tactics to avoid being bitten. But would it just be simpler

EN
to make an entire species of disease-carrying mosquito extinct?

IM
In Britain, scientists at Oxford University and the biotech firm SC
Oxitec have genetically modified (GM) the males of Aedes aegypti
NA

- a mosquito species that carries both the Zika and Dengue viru-
ses. These GM males carry a gene that stops their offspring from
DO

developing properly. This second generation of mosquitoes then

die before they can reproduce and become carriers of disease the-
O

mselves.
IN
ST

So are there any downsides to removing mosquitoes? Mosqui-

LE

toes, which mostly feed on plant nectar, are important pollinators.

CE

They are also a food source for birds and bats while their young - as
larvae - are consumed by fish and frogs. This could have an effect
S

further ahead in the food chain. Mosquitoes also have limited the
EU

destructive impact of humanity on nature. Mosquitoes make tropi-

AT

cal rainforests, for humans, virtually uninhabitable. Rainforests are

8M

home to a large share of our total plant and animal species, and
nothing has done more to delay man-made destruction over the
79

past 10,000 years than the mosquito.

04

83. In the segment “... intergroup factors rather than individual fac-
1

Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35408835 tors...”, (lines 11 and 12), the expression rather than means
100

80. In the sentence “This could have an effect further ahead in a) to.
21

the food chain.” (paragraph 4), the word further expresses b) as long as.
TO

c) instead of.
EN

a) addition. d) because of.

b) distance.
IM

c) contrast.
SC

d) time.
NA

e) conclusion
DO

81. Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que complete a sentença

corretamente.
NO

Internships have value, _________ or not students are paid.

I
ST

a) if
LE

b) as long
CE

c) whether
d) because
US
TE

127
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
ES
GABARITO
GABARITO

L
CE
APRENDIZAGEM

S
1. A 2. D 3. E 4. A

EU
5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B

AT
9. E 10. A 11. D 12. C

8M
13. B 14. D 15. C 16. C

79
17. C 18. D 19. E 20. B

04
01
21. a) although 22. C 23. D 24. E 25. D

10
b) but

21
c) so
d) and

TO
e)or

EN
f) while
g) however

IM
h) nor SC
26. B 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A
NA

31. E 32. A 33. a) never theless b) in spide

of
DO

34. A 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. C

O

39. C 40. A 41. A 42. D 43. C

IN
ST

44. C 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. B

LE

49. E 50. E 51. A 52. E 53. E

CE

84. In “... so that they can be avoided by climbing, descending, 54. C 55. D 56. B 57. B 58. A
or flying around them.”, (lines 14 and 15), the conjunction “so that”
S

59. D 60. E
introduces an idea of
EU

APROFUNDAMENTO
AT

a) result.
1. E 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. D
8M

b) manner.
c) purpose. 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C
79

d) warning. 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A

04

16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C

1

85. “...owing to...”, (line 27), is similar in meaning meu ip to

00

21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C

1

a) thus.
21

26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A

b) so as to.
TO

c) whereas. 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D

EN

d) because of. 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. D

IM

41. B 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. E

SC

46. D 47. C 48. B 49. E 50. E

NA

51. C 52. E 53. E 54. C 55. E

56. C 57. A 58. A 59. E 60. A

DO

61. D 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. D

NO

66. B 67. C 68. A 69. E 70. A

I
ST

71. E 72. B 73. D 74. B 75. C

LE

76. A 77. E 78. B 79. B 80. D

CE

81. C 82. A 83. C 84. C 85. D

US
TE

128
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES Air Travel

ES
Air travel has changed the way we see the world, making our

L
CE
1. Which is the correct way to complete the sentences below? planet feel that much smaller. Depending on departure and ar-
rival destinations, you can go _____ coast _____ coast in mere

S
1. They insisted______making their child learn a foreign langua- hours or travel across seas in less than 10 hours. Complaints

EU
ge. aside, flying is the quickest, safest, and most convenient way to

AT
2. He was never rude______any of his numerous subordinates. travel. The U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Trans-

8M
3 .I depend_____my parents help in order to pay the rent. portation Statistics reported a total of 812, 914, 960 passengers
4. As a teenager, she used to be interested______ jazz. on domestic, international, or combined flights in 2012. This

79
was also the safest year on record, with the aviation industry

04
a) in / at / of / in d) to / to / on / on boasting a record low accident rate, according to the Interna-

01
b) on / with / of / on e) on / to / on / in tional Air Transport Administration.

10
c) in / with / in / of Adapted from:http://weather.com/travel

21
The pilot of a Beech Baron airplane noticed that one 4. Fill in the blank with the suitable prepositions.

TO
of his engines was on fire. He contacted the nearest air traffic

EN
control center to ask for help. a) from / from c) at / from
The voice________ the radio answered, “This is the b) from / to d) to / from

IM
Control Tower.”Please inform your altitude”. SC
The pilot replied, “We are at 30,000 feet Read the text and answer question.
NA

2. Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the Part of New Bicycle Path Collapses in Rio de Janeiro
DO

text. Leaving Two Deaths

O

a) on c) into The Rio Fire Department says two people died __

IN

b) for d) until Thursday, April 21, after a part __ the recently inaugurated
ST

bicycle path on Niemeyer avenue, __ the south zone of Rio de

LE

3. Complete the sentence with the correct response Frida Janeiro.

CE

Kahlo, a master ____the art of surrealism, is _____ icon of Me- The path was named after Brazilian singer Tim Maia
xican popular culture. and is located between Niemeyer avenue and a cliff, hanging
S

over the sea

EU

a) from – the c) by – an The path is a connection between Leblon beach and

AT

b) to – the d) of – an São Conrado, both in the city’s south zone. The bike path was
8M

inaugurated earlier this year, on January 17, and cost R$ 44,7

million.
79
04

Glossary
1

Hanging over – suspenso sobre

00
1

5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions to com-

21

plete the text.

TO
EN

a) in – on – of c) of – in – on
b) on – of – in d) in – of – on
IM
SC

6. Choose the alternative that best completes the sentence

NA

below.
DO

I stayed in London ___ a few days during my vacation.

I came back to Brazil ___ May 1st
NO

a) in – at c) in – on
I
ST

b) for – in d) for – on
LE
CE
US
TE

129
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
Will’s experience at the airport QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

ES
After his return _____ Rome, will couldn’t find his luggage in

L
CE
the airport baggage area. He went to the lost luggage office 1. In “... although they may become inactive...”, (line 4), the un-
and told the womam there that his bags hadn’t arrived on the derlined word implies an idea of

S
carousel.

EU
a) addition. c) contrast.

AT
She smiled and told him not to worry because they were trai- b) purpose. d) comparison.

8M
ned professionals and he was in good hands.
Then she asked Will, “Has your plane arrived yet?” A Cherry a Day...

79
(Adapted from academictips.org)

04
Cherries may prove more effective than aspirin in

01
7. The correct preposition that fills in the blank in the text is relieving pain, according to Muraleedharan Nair at Michigan

10
State University in East Lansing. His study found that 20 cher-

21
a) at b) by c) for d) from ries contained between 12 and 25 milligrams of anthocyanins,
the chemicals that make cherries red, and they were ten times

TO
more powerful at inhibiting inflammatory enzymes as aspi-

EN
CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM rin. Nair is experimenting with the idea of converting the an-
WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM thocyanins into a tablet form. Meanwhile, he says, “ If a person

IM
can consume around twenty cherries, that’s enough dosage to
SC
act like one or two aspirin a day”.
NA

2. “Meanwhile”, (line 9), can be replaced by

DO

a) in fact. b) in reality. c) in addition. d) in the meantime.

O
IN

...“ Very fine. Just bring me a note from your mother. It doesn’t
ST

have to be notarized. A simple signature and date will do.” Iro-

LE

nically, even though the father is not the boss of the house,
CE

the mother will try to use him as a threat: “ When your father
comes home, he’s going to spank you. And this time I’m not
S

going to stop him”.

EU
AT

3. “Even though”, underlined in the text, gives an idea of

8M

a) result. b) reason. c) contrast. d) conclusion.

79
04

Native and Non-Native Speakers in the radiotele-

1

phony communication
100

The ICAO language proficiency requirements apply

21

to native and non-native speakers alike. As English is the most

TO

commonly used language ___ international aviation commu-

EN

nications, many non-native speakers of English will require lan-

guage training to improve their language proficiency. None-
IM

theless, the burden for improved communications should not

SC

be seen as falling solely ___ non-native speakers.

NA

4. “Nonetheless”, (line 6), is closest in meaning to:

DO

a) in short. c) in addition
NO

b) as a result. . d) nevertheless.
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

130
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
5. In “... so that they can be avoided by climbing, descending, among – entre; no meio de (várias pessoas ou coisas).

ES
or flying around them.”, (lines 14 and 15), the conjunction “so Exemplo: There was a pickpocket among those people.
that” introduces an idea of

L
CE
around/ round – ao redor de; em torno de.
a) result. b) manner. c) purpose. d) warning Exemplos: The kids are running around the house.

S
The earth moves round the sun.

EU
Are there really squirrels in Australia that can fly?

AT
as far as – até (em relação a lugar).

8M
Yes?!? But they do not have wings. Nor do they go around in Exemplo: We traveled as far as England on our vacation.
aeroplanes. Strictly speaking, they do not “fly”_____. They glide

79
on air currents from the branches of one tree to the next. Lots before – antes de; diante de.

04
of squirrels are good jumpers, but these Australian ones have Exemplos: The class always begins before eight-thirty.

01
the edge over all the other They have a large flap of skin round The woman is standing before the mirror.

10
their bodies, which joins their front and back legs. When they
behind – atrás de.

21
launch themselves off a branch, they spread out their legs. The
skin flap spreads out ____, and forms a sort of parachute. Kitted Exemplo: They hid behind that tree.

TO
out like this, flying squirrels can glide quite long distances. They

EN
wouldn’t think anything of launching out on a flight of forty or below – abaixo de.
fifty metres. Exemplo: The temperature is below zero now.

IM
GLOSSARY: launch one’s off = lançar-se kit out = prover SC
beside – ao lado de.
NA

6. Choose the right alternative to have the blanks filled, res- Exemplo: Mike always sits beside Bob in the classroom.
pectively
DO

besides – além de.

a) too – also c) either – too Exemplo: What languages do you speak besides Portuguese?
O

b) also – too d) neither – either

IN

between – entre, no meio de (duas pessoas ou coisas).

ST

Exemplo: Lucy is sitting between Fred and Chris.

LE
CE

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM beyond – além de (referindo-se a lugar).

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM Exemplo: He lives somewhere beyond the mountains.
S
EU

by - junto a; perto de; no mais tardar (com expressões de tempo);

AT

por (autoria; antes do agente da passiva); de (com meios de trans-

8M

9
porte).
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO Exemplos: Everybody is sitting by the fire.
79

They will be at the party by midnight.

04

This poem was written by Poe.

MORE ABOUT PREPOSITIONS
1

I come to school by bus.

00

Mas: I went to school on foot.

1

about - sobre; a respeito de.

21

Exemplo: The teacher is talking about conjunctions. down – para baixo.

TO

Exemplo: I carried the baggage down the garage.

EN

above – acima de.

Exemplo: The plane is flying above the clouds. for - por; durante; para (em referência a alguém ou a alguma coisa
IM

e com alguns verbos de movimento, tais como: to leave, to start,

SC

across – através de (indicando de um lado a outro); do outro lado to sail, etc.).

NA

de. Exemplos: I bought the book for four dollars.

Exemplos: He walked across the bridge. Mark has worked here for 25 years.
DO

There’s a store across the street. This is for you, darling.

He left for Miami last year.
NO

after – depois de; atrás de (no sentido de perseguição). from – de ( indicando origem ou ponto de partida ).
Exemplos: I’ll talk to you after seven o’clock. Exemplos: Bono Voz is from Dublin.
I
ST

The policeman is running after the thief. That bus comes from Recife.
LE
CE

against – contra. into – para dentro (indica movimento de entrada).

Exemplo: Brazil played against Argentina last year. Exemplo: He is going into the house now.
US
TE

131
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
without - sem.

TI
in front of – na frente de. Exemplo: He went to the cinema without any money.

ES
Exemplo: This line is too long. There are 200 people in front of
mine.

L
CE
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
near – perto de.

S
Exemplo: My mother lives near the church.

EU
Certos verbos, adjetivos e substantivos exigem preposições

AT
of – de. que, em muitos casos, diferem do português.

8M
Exemplos: Could you give me a cup of coffee?
This is the president of this company. a) Verbos:

79
to believe in – acreditar

04
off – fora de (indica fora da superfície de algo, opondo-se a on). to consist of – consistir em

01
Exemplo: The car is off the road. to depend on/upon – depender de

10
to dream about/of – sonhar com
opposite – em frente a; do lado oposto. to insist on – insistir em

21
Exemplo: There’s a supermarket opposite the bank. to rely on – contar com

TO
to think about/of – pensar em

EN
out of - fora de (indica que algo ou alguém não está dentro,
opondo-se a in). b) Adjetivos:

IM
Exemplo: The students are out of the class. to be addicted to – ser viciado em
SC
to be ashamed of – ter vergonha de, estar envergonhado
NA

over – sobre; por cima de ( sem estar em contato). por ( de, com)
Exemplos: The cat jumped over the fence. to be dressed in (white, black...) – estar vestido de
DO

There’s a lamp over the table. (branco,preto...)

to be free from/of – estar livre de
O

since – desde. to be good /bad at (math, biology...) – ser bom/mau em (

IN

Exemplo: I haven’t heard from Jim since January. Matemática, Biologia...)

ST
LE

through – através de (passando por dentro). c) Substantivos:

CE

Exemplo: The boy made a hole through the wall. at hand – à mão
at work – no trabalho
S

throughout – por todo; de um extremo a outro. by heart – de cor

EU

Exemplo: He traveled throughout the country two years ago. by mistake – por engano
AT

in bed – de cama
8M

until/ till - até (em relação a tempo). in a hurry – com pressa

Exemplo: They will wait until Wednesday. in ink – a tinta
79

in mourning – de luto
04

to – para. in pencil – a lápis

1

Exemplos: This is not the road to the hospital. in time – em tempo; com tempo
00

The children are going to school now.That strange man turned to on business – a negócios
1

the left. on time – na hora certa; no horário

21
TO

towards – em direção a.
EN

Exemplo: There’s a strange man walking towards you. Dificuldades Especiais

IM

under – embaixo de. Algumas preposições têm características que podem causar con-
SC

Exemplo: Look! Your dog is under the table. fusão ou dificuldade de uso. Dentre elas, destacamos:
NA

up - para cima. • among: entre, no meio de (vários elementos, dispersos).

DO

Exemplo: She carried the heavy box up the stairs. I’ve found your key among my papers.
(Encontrei sua chave entre os meus documentos)
NO

with – com. • between: entre um e outro (indivíduo ou grupo, claramente

Exemplo: I live with my cousins. separados entre si).
I
ST

He explained the difference between those two words.

LE

within – em; dentro de (usada com expressões de tempo). (Ele explicou a diferença entre aquelas duas palavras)
CE

Exemplo: She will come here within two months.

• beside: ao lado de.
US
TE

132
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Come and sit beside me. They lived in Europe for about four years.

TI
(Venha sentar-se aqui do meu lado) (Eles viveram na Europa por cerca de quatro anos)

ES
• besides: além de. Preposições Após Verbos

L
CE
Besides Rio and São Paulo, what other places in Brazil did you go to?
(Além de Rio e São Paulo, a que outros lugares do Brasil você Observe, na lista a seguir, preposições que acompanham certos

S
foi?) verbos. Em geral, esses usos constituem “armadilhas”, por não cor-

EU
responderem aos usos do português.

AT
• besides: (advérbio) além disso.

8M
The car is too expensive; besides, I don’t like that color. agree on/to (concordar em
live on (vive de)
(O carro é caro demais; além disso, eu não gosto daquela cor). algo)

79
agree with (concordar com alguém) look after (cuidar de)

04
• behind: atrás de.
apologize for (pedir desculpas por) look at (olhar para)

01
The kids were hiding behind a tree.
approve of (aprovar) look for (procurar)

10
(As crianças estavam escondidas atrás de uma árvore)
ask for (pedir) object to (opor-se a)

21
• beyond: além de, para lá de (sentido espacial ou figurado) believe in (acreditar em) pay to (pagar)

TO
You can’t see my farm from here. It lies beyond those mountains. belong to (pertencer a) point at/to (apontar para)

EN
(Não se pode ver a minha fazenda daqui. Ela fica além daque- blame for (culpar por) praise for (elogiar por)
las montanhas)

IM
borrow from (pegar emprestado de) prevent from (impeder de)
SC
care for (cuidar de; importar-se com) protect from (proteger de)
I’m sorry, but I can’t help you. It’s beyond my powers.
NA

(Sinto muito, mas não posso ajudar você. Está além dos meus come from (vir de; originar-se de) refer to (referir-se a)
poderes) compare to/with (comparar a/ rely on (confiar em; depen-
DO

com) der de)

• as: como, na função de. remind of (lembrar (al-
complain about/of (reclamar de)
O

guém) de)
He worked as a waiter for decades.
IN

(Ele trabalhou como garçom durante décadas) congratulate on (dar os parabéns separate from (separar (-se)
ST

por) de)
LE

• like: como, como se fosse. count on (contar com) shoot at (atirar em)
CE

He said he worked like a slave. crash into (chocar-se com) shout at (gritar com)
(Ele disse que trabalhou como um escravo) depend on (depender de) smile at (sorrir para)
S

dream about/of (sonhar com) spend on (gastar em)

EU

stare at (encarar, olhar fixa-

• like: (preposição) como. divide into (divider em)
mente para)
AT

Paul is like in many ways.

feed on (alimentar-se de) succeed in (conseguir)
8M

(Paul é igual a Peter de muitas maneiras)

hear from (ter notícias de) suffer from (sofrer de)
79

• alike: hear of (ouvir falar de) take part in (participar de)

04

1. (adjetivo predicativo) iguais. insist on (insistir em) translate into (traduzir para)
1

Paul and Peter are alike in many ways. laugh at (rir de) turn into (transformar em)
00

(Paul e Peter são iguais de muitas maneiras)

leave for (partir para) vote for (votar em)
1
21

lend to (emprestar a) wait for (esperar por)

2. (advérbio) igualmente, do mesmo modo.
TO

worry about (preocupar-se

They act exactly alike. listen to (escutar)
com)
EN

(Eles agem exatamente do mesmo modo)

IM

A mesma diferença ocorre entre as expressões look like e look

SC

alike. Compare: QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

NA

Paul looks like Peter. (Paul se parece com Peter)

Paul and Peter look alike. (Paul e Peter se parecem) 1. Complete with at, in, on, or by:
DO

• during: durante (seguindo de substantivo, sem mencionar a a) The film is going to begin_______ 9:00______the morning.
NO

quantidade de tempo – responde à pergunta “when”) b) What are you going to do _________Friday ?
They lived in Europe during the war. c) They live _________ a beautiful house.
I
ST

(Eles viveram na Europa durante a guerra) d) There was a big parade ________ Independence Day.
LE

e) She would like to get a present ________ Christmas.

CE

• for: por, durante (seguindo de uma expressão de quantidade f) They go to the club ______ bus but I go there ______ foot.
de tempo – responde à pergunta “how long”) g) Thaís will travel abroad _________ May.
US
TE

133
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
h) The Smiths live _________ a beautiful farm. a) ( ) among d) ( ) through

TI
i) This best seller was written _________ Leon Uris. b) ( ) across e) ( ) between

ES
j) It was very cold ________ winter. c) ( ) beside
k) The physician lives ________ 475 Gilbert Road.

L
CE
l) Matheus doesn’t like to study ________ night. 12. Take the book _______ the table and put it ______ the shelf.

S
a) ( ) over- under d) ( ) off- on

EU
b) ( ) of- below e) ( ) off- between

AT
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO c) ( ) of- over

8M
13. We traveled ______ bus, because we came ______ Salvador.

79
1. Who’s that lady all dressed _________ green? When we arrived ________ São Luís we went ________ the hotel.

04
São Luís is a city _________ the coast

01
a) ( ) in b) ( ) of c) ( ) with d) ( ) on

10
a) ( ) in - of - in - from - on d) ( ) on - to - on - to - in
2. The spy was shot ________ dawn.

21
b) ( ) by - from - in - to - on e) ( ) at - by - in - from – on
c) ( ) by - of - from - by - in

TO
a) ( ) at b) ( ) of c )( ) on d) ( ) from

EN
14. Fill in with the correct preposition:
3. Polly walked ________ Benedito Leite Square.

IM
She was in the club _________ 9:00. My sister is _________ home.
SC
a) ( ) against b) ( ) around c) ( ) above d) ( ) under
NA

a) ( ) in - in d) ( ) on – at
4. He lives ________ a farm so he is free ________ pollution. b) ( ) at - in e) ( ) at - at
DO

c) ( ) in – at
a) ( ) in-of b) ( ) on-from c) ( ) at-from d) ( ) in-with
O

15. The preposition by is correctly used in:

IN

5. Esther lives ________ the street.

ST

a) ( ) I go to school by foot.
LE

a) ( ) around b) ( ) across c) ( ) against d) ( ) over b) ( ) This is a book by Sidney Sheldon.

CE

c) ( ) It was broken by the boy.

6. Mark is good _______ telling stories. d) ( ) She lives by 28 Oxford Street.
S

e) ( ) Letters b and c.
EU

a) ( ) in b) ( ) at c )( ) on d) ( ) of
AT

16. My boss smokes ____ a chimney.

8M

7. You can rely ________ me.

a) as b) unlike c) like d) alike
79

a) ( ) of b) ( ) on c) ( ) at d) ( ) for
04

17. The Jarvik-7 artificial heart should only be used __ a temporary aid.
1

8. Killings Fields and Amadeus were nominated ________ several

00

Oscars ________ the Academy members. a) as b) how c) to d) like

1
21

a) ( ) by - for c) ( ) for – bye 18. _____ you know, Jack is a soldier, but he walks _____ a general.
TO

b) ( ) for - by d) ( ) bye – for

EN

a) How – how c) As – as
9. This poem was written ________ Henry S. Longfellow. b) As – like d) Like – as
IM
SC

a) ( ) on c) ( ) in e) ( ) from 19. There are several important differences _____ cricket and football.
NA

b) ( ) by d) ( ) at
10. Whole generations are growing ____ addicted _____ the telly. a) in b) between c) among d) near
DO

a) ( ) to-up d) ( ) on – from 20. Do you believe ________ ghosts?

NO

b) ( ) up- to e) ( ) in – off
c) ( ) off- with a) At b) In c) On d) By e) for
I
ST
LE

11. We must restore the balance _________ man and his natural
CE

environment.
US
TE

134
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
- De acordo com ... / Conforme - According to ... / In accordance
... / Segundo ... with ...

TI
ES
GABARITO
GABARITO ÊNFASE EMPHASIS
- Principalmente ... / Sobretudo

L
- Especially ... / Mainly ... / In parti-

CE
... / Especialmente ... / Ainda
cular ... / More important ...
APRENDIZAGEM mais ...
CAUSA E MOTIVO CAUSE

S
1.

EU
- Porque ... / Por causa de …
a) at - in / Uma vez que … / Já que … /

AT
- Because … / Since …
b) on Visto que ... / Pois …
- As a result of ... / Due to …

8M
c) in - Em função de … / Em razão de
... / Por motivos de ... / Em virtu-
d) on de de ... / Devido a …

79
e) at

04
DECORRÊNCIA RESULT, CONSEQUENCE
f) by - on
- Levando isto em consideração,

01
g) in … / Por este motivo, ... / Por esta

10
h) on razão, … / Por isso …
- With this in mind, … / For this
- Desta forma, ... / Assim sendo

21
i) by reason … / That's why …
(sendo assim), ... / Nesse sen-
j) in - This way ... / In doing so ...
tido, ...

TO
k) at - So that … / As a result, …
- De maneira (forma) (modo)
In face of … / In view of …

EN
l) at que … / Como consequência, ...
- Diante do exposto, … / Frente

IM
APROFUNDAMENTO a ... SC
CONCLUSÃO LÓGICA INFERENCE, CONCLUSION
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B
- Portanto, … / Então ... - Therefore, … / So, …
NA

6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B
PROPÓSITO PURPOSE
DO

11. E 12. D 13. B 14. E 15. E

- Com o objetivo de ... / A fim de - In order to ... / In order that … /
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. B ... / Para que ... / Para ... So that ... / In an effort to ...
O

DEMARCADORES DE
IN

PROJECTING THE PRESENT

PERÍODOS ENTRE O PRE-
ST

INTO THE FUTURE

SENTE E O FUTURO
LE

10
- A partir de agora ... / De ago-
ra em diante ... / Daqui para a From now on ... / Henceforth ...
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
CE

frente ...

DEMARCADORES DE SCANNING THE PAST INTO

S

PERÍODOS PASSADOS THE PRESENT

EU

CONNECTORS - Até agora ... / Até hoje ... / Até

AT

So far ... / Up till now ...

o momento ...
Still ... / ... not ... yet.
8M

As listas abaixo constituem-se numa ajuda decisiva para quem lê/ - Ainda ...

escreve textos em inglês ou em português, independente do nível INDICADORES DE PERÍO- INDICATING PERIODS IN
79

de capacidade do redator DOS PRESENTES THE PRESENT

04

For the time being ... / ... for some

- Por enquanto ...
time.
1

Os conectivos, mais frequentemente usados, são

00

SIMULTANEIDADE SIMULTANEITY
1

INTRODUÇÃO INTRODUCTION
21

- Nesse meio tempo, ... / En-

In the meantime, ... / Meanwhile,
- Em primeiro lugar, ... / quanto isso, ...
...
TO

Antes de tudo, ... / Para - First of all, ... / In the first - Enquanto (durante o tempo
While (during the time) ...
começar, ... / Para início de place, ... / To begin with, ... em que) ...
EN

conversa, ...
INDICADORES DE CIR- DEFINING CIRCUMSTAN-
IM

REFERÊNCIA REFERENCE CUNSTANCIALIDADE CES

SC

- Com relação a ... / No que diz - Regarding ... / With regard to ... / - Em meio a ... In the midst of ...
respeito a ... / No que tange a ... Concerning ... / Considering ...
NA

GENERALIZAÇÃO E RE-
GENERALIZING
INTRODUÇÃO OPORTU- GULARIDADE
CHANGE OF SUBJECT
DO

NA DE NOVO ASSUNTO
- A propósito, … / Por falar nis- - By the way, … / Speaking of that,
NO

so, … … / Incidentally …
COMENTÁRIO DE RE- REINFORCEMENT COM-
I
ST

FORÇO MENT
LE

- Por sinal, ... / Aliás, ... / Inclusive - As a matter of fact ... / In fact ...
...Pelo contrário, … / Na verda-
CE

de, … - On the contrary … / Actually …

CONFORMIDADE AGREEMENT
US
TE

135
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
- Em geral, … In general, … REITERANDO, DETA- REITERATING, GIVING DE-

TI
LHANDO TAILS
- Via de regra, … As a rule, …

ES
- Em outras palavras, … / O que - In other words, … / What I'm
EVENTOS COINCIDEN- eu quero dizer … / Quer dizer, … trying to say … / I mean … / That
COINCIDENTAL EVENTS

L
TES / Ou seja, … is, … / i.e., …

CE
- Sempre que … Whenever …
EXEMPLIFICANDO PROVIDING EXAMPLE

S
PROPORCIONALIDADE
TIME RELATIONSHIP - Por exemplo, … - For example, … / For instance, …

EU
EM RELAÇÃO AO TEMPO
… tais como … … such as …

AT
- À medida que (o tempo passa,)
… / Com o passar (decorrer) do As (time goes by,) … SINALIZAÇÃO DE LIN- INDICATING METAPHORI-
GUAGEM METAFÓRICA CAL LANGUAGE

8M
tempo, …
INDICADORES DE DESTI-
ADDRESSING - … por assim dizer … / … como - … so to speak / … if you will / …

79
NATÁRIO que … if you like / … like …

04
- A quem interessar possa / Para To whom it may concern / For ALTERNÂNCIA ALTERNATION
sua informação, ... your information, ...

01
- Por sua vez, … / Por seu
ENFRAQUECEDORES WEAKENERS - In his/her/its turn, …
turno …

10
LIMITAÇÃO DE APLICA-

- Que eu saiba, … / Pelo que eu
21
APPLICABILITY LIMITATION
As far as I know, … / As far as I can
BILIDADE
- As a last resort, …

sei, … / Pelo que me consta, …
- Se não me engano, … / Se eu
TO
tell, … / To my knowledge … / To
the best of my knowledge, …
- Em último caso, …
- Na pior das hipóteses, … / Se - If worse comes to worst … (If

EN
não estiver enganado … / Se não If I'm not wrong, … / If I remember worst comes to worst) … / At
me falha a memória, … well … acontecer o pior, …
worst … / In a worst-case scena-

- Na minha opinião, …
IM
In my opinion, … / In my view … - Na melhor das hipóteses, … rio…
- Pelo (ao) menos … / No míni- - At best …
SC
mo … / Nem que seja (para) …
- At (the) least … / If nothing else
NA

EXCLUSÃO EXCLUSION - Para não dizer … / Isso se não … / To say the least
for …
- No que se refere a mim, … / - If not …
DO

No que depender de mim, … / As far as I'm concerned, … / As for

ACRÉSCIMO ADDITION
Quanto a mim, … / De minha me, …
- Não apenas …, mas (também)
O

parte, … - Not only …, but (also) …

IN

… / Não só … como (também) …

POSICIONAMENTO POSITION DEFINERS / Tanto … como … - Besides (that), … / In addition
ST

to (that), … / On top of that, … /

- Além disso, … / Ainda por Moreover … / Apart from (that), …
- Do ponto de vista de … / Do From the standpoint of … / From
LE

cima, … / Além do mais … /

(sob) meu ponto de vista … / my standpoint … / From my point Afora (isso), … / Aside from (that), …
CE

Partindo do pressuposto (de) of view … / Based on the assump-

que … tion that … EXCEÇÃO SUBSTITUTION
S

- Em vez de … / Em lugar de
CERTEZA ASSURANCE - Instead of … / In place of …
EU

… / Ao invés de …
- Rather (than) …
Of course / For sure / Definitely / - De preferência …
AT

- Sem dúvida / Certamente /

Com certeza / Evidentemente … Certainly / Without a doubt
CONSEQUÊNCIA DA
CONSEQUENCE OF NON-
8M

NÃO-OCORRÊNCIA DE
EQUIVALÊNCIA, PARALE- EQUIVALENCE, PARALLEL FULFILLMENT
UMA CONDIÇÃO
LISMO IDEAS
79

- Senão … / Caso contrário,

- Otherwise … / Or else … / If
04

- Da mesma forma que … / In the same way that … / By the … / Do contrário, … / Sob
Assim como … / Tal como … same token … / Likewise … /like... not …
pena de …
1
00

CONDIÇÃO CONDITION DESCONSIDERANDO DISMISSAL

1

- De qualquer modo (forma)

21

- Se … / Desde que … / Enquanto If … / As long as … / On condition (maneira), … / Seja como - Anyway, … / In any case, … /
… / Contanto que … that … / Provided (that) … for, … / Seja qual for o mo- Whatever the case may be, …
TO

tivo, …
CONTRASTE CONTRAST
EN

RELEMBRANÇA REMINDER
- Enquanto que … / Ao passo
que … / Já … - Afinal … / Afinal de con-
IM

-While … / Whereas … / By con- - After all …

- Mas … / Entretanto, … / No
tas, …
trast …
SC

entanto, … / Todavia, … / Porém, FINALIZAÇÃO, RESUMO CLOSURE, SUMMARY

- But … / However, … / …, though.
… / Contudo, …
NA

-Even so … / Nevertheless, … / - Finalmente, … / Por fim, … - Finally, … / At last, …

- Mesmo assim, … / Ainda as-
Nonetheless, … / Still, … Levando tudo isso em consi-
sim, … - All in all, … / All things considered,
DO

-In spite of … / Despite … / Notwi- deração, … / Em resumo, … … / In summary, …

- Apesar de (disso) … / Não
thstanding …
obstante …
NO

-Although … / Even though …

- Embora … / Ainda que … / E
isso que … Even if …
I
ST

-(On (the) one hand, ...) On the

- Mesmo que …
other hand, … / Conversely …
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
- (Por um lado, ...) Por outro
LE

lado, … / Em compensação, … -Unlike …

CE

- Ao contrário de … 1. The party was boring, _____________ I went home.

US
TE

136
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) So d) Despite a) yet b) but c) and d) although e) however

TI
b) Because e) Unless

ES
c) But 3. Marque a alternativa correta: I'd like to talk to him ... he arrives.

L
CE
2. ______________he is lazy, he makes a lot of money. a) while d) as soon as
b) rather than e) because

S
a) But b) Thus c) Due to d) Unless e) Although c) since

EU
AT
3. Marque a alternativa que contém a palavra que preenche melhor 4. No período “The struggle to have a piece of land to work on for

8M
a lacuna do texto a seguir: a decent living has produced rifes and conflicts between the land-
less peasants, ON ONE HAND, and the powerful landowners and the

79
The new economic order was supposed to bring rapid growth for government, ON THE OTHER”, as expressões on one hand e on the

04
the industrialized nations, as emerging capitalist countries joined a other indicam uma relação de:

01
global free trade system ... brutal competition from the Third World

10
and the Soviet block has stalled the developed nations. a) alternância d) conseqüência

21
b) adição e) causalidade
a) because d) therefore c) oposição

TO
b) instead e) while

EN
c) moreover 5. Marque a alternativa correta:
– Charles ... Mary are brother ... sister.

IM
4. Yes, I know Mario quite well; ... , I ... to see him at the club last SC
weekend. a) or/and d) and/and
NA

b) and/or e) but/and
a) furthermore - had d) whereas - waited c) and/but
DO

b) thus - wanted e) despite -liked

c) in fact- happened 6. The word LIKE in “Premier researchers use the Net to test projects
O

like real- time, 3D models of colliding galaxies or rampaging

IN

5. Wait here until Jane _____________ the door. tornadoes” introduces elements of:
ST
LE

a) open c) opened e) opening a) exemplification d) comparison

CE

b) opens d) has opened b) generalization e) addition

c) reformulation
S

6. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following

EU

sentence: 7. The sentence “Yet their ambitions and their dreams are a mirror
AT

image of our own and our response to them says a great deal about
8M

– He had a headache; ... , he ... the invitation. us as individuals, as a country” is equivalent in meaning to:
79

a) hence - declined d) so - quit a) In other words, their ambitions and their dreams are a mirror
04

b) then - dismissed e) however - failed image of our own and our response to them says a great
1

c) otherwise - refused deal about us as individuals, as a country.

00

b) As a result, their ambitions and their dreams are a mirror

1

image of our own and our response to them says a great

21

deal about us as individuals, as a country.

TO

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO c) In addition, their ambitions and their dreams are a mirror
EN

image of our own and our response to them says a great

deal about us as individuals, as a country.
IM

1. The word SO in “So, despite the extent to which loneliness affects d) Similarly, their ambitions and their dreams are a mirror ima-
SC

nearly everyone at various times, it presents a challenge to resear- ge of our own - and our response to them says a great deal
NA

chers” expresses: about us as individuals, as a country.

e) Still, their ambitions and their dreams are a mirror image of
DO

a) comparison. d) contrast. our own and our response to them says a great deal about
b) consequence. e) cause. us as individuals, as a country.
NO

c) purpose.
8. Leia atentamente todo o período transcrito abaixo, verifique as
I
ST

2. Mark the word that can appropriately be used to fill the blank and ideias contidas nas orações introduzidas por unless e hence e assi-
LE

expand the sentence “Men not only cry less frequently, ... they also nale a opção que, respectivamente, expressa tais ideias.
CE

do it somewhat differently.”
“Unless the administration changes its approach, it will continue
US
TE

137
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
to erode America s good name, and hence its ability to effectively

TI
influence world affairs”. As palavras da segunda coluna são formadas através da adição de

ES
prefixos.
a) uma causa e uma concessão.

L
CE
b) uma explicação e uma adição. Na língua inglesa, a maioria dos prefixos é usada a fim de conferir
c) uma condição e uma explicação. um sentido negativo à palavra.

S
d) uma explicação e uma conclusão.

EU
e) uma condição e uma conclusão. Sendo assim, o oposto de confortable é unconfortable. Outros ex-

AT
emplos de prefixos que têm um significado negativo são : in, dis, il,

8M
9. Which sentences are correct? im, ir, non e mis.

79
1-You can either stay here or come with me. Observe o que cada um dos prefixos expressa :

04
2- Although the train was late, but I got there in time. Un-/im-/in-: negação

01
3- Carol went on working in spite of her illness. Exemplos :

10
4- I went into the house in spite of there was nobody there. Uncomfortable,impolite,indispensable

21
a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 3 and 4 d) 2 and 4 e) 1 and 3 Dis-: falta, ausência, corte

TO
Exemplos:

EN
Discard, discolored,disconnect

GABARITO
IM
GABARITO
Mis-: engano
SC
Exemplos:
NA

APRENDIZAGEM Mispronounce,misguide,misprint
1. A 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. B
DO

Under-: insuficiência
6. A Exemplos:Underproduction, undersized,underdeveloped.
O

Over -: em demasia Exemplos:Overdue, overflow,overreact

IN

APROFUNDAMENTO
ST

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D Sufixos [formação de adjetivos]

LE

6. A 7. E 8. E 9. E Quando adicionamos certos sufixos a verbos e substantivos, for-

CE

mamos adjetivos.
S

Exemplos :
EU

11
Hope [ter esperança]+ ful [sentido de “cheio de”] = hopeful [espe-
AT

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO rançoso (a)]
8M

Use [usar] + less [sentido de “falta de”, “sem”] = useless [inútil]

79

PREFIX E SUFFIX
04

Drink [beber] + able [sentido de “possível”] = drinkable [possível de

1

ORDEM DOS COMPONENTES SINTÁTICOS ser bebido (a)]

00
1

A ordem dos componentes sintáticos é o resultado do arranjo das Act [atuar, agir]+ ive [sufixo formador de adjetivo] = active [ativo(a)]
21

palavras nas frases, do estudo da formação das sentenças e da re-

TO

lação de suas partes componentes. Em Inglês, o dispositivo princi- Dirt [sujeira] + y [sufixo formador de adjetivo] = dirty [sujo (a)]
EN

pal para mostrar essa relação é a ordem das palavras, por exemplo,
"O menino ama seu cão" segue a ordem das palavras padrão sujei- Fury [fúria] –“y” + ous [sentido de “cheio de”] = furious [furioso(a)]
IM

to-verbo-objeto, e mudar a ordem de tal sentença seria mudar o

SC

significado ou fazer a sentença sem sentido. Grace [graça] – “e”+ ous [sentido de “cheio de”] = graceous [gra-
NA

cioso (a)
Prefixes: Nouns, verbs and adjectives
DO

Sufixos [Formação de advérbios de modo]

Formando palavras
NO

Observe as frases abaixo :

Judge misjudge The students anxiously waited for the test results.
I
ST

Happy unhappy I accidentally ran into his car and now I have to pay all the damages.
LE

Direct indirect Anxiously [advérbio] é derivado do adjetivo anxious [ansioso (a)],

CE

Develop underdevelop assim como accidentally,que é formado a partir do adjetivo acci-

React overreact dental [accidental, não intencional]. A terminação - ly , acrescen-
S

Connect disconnect
U
TE

138
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
tada a adjetivos, geralmente forma advérbios de modo; tais advé- Prefixo: em-, en-

TI
rbios expressam a ideia “de modo”, “de maneira”, “de como” uma Uso: Incorporar, adicionar, cobrir com, causa

ES
ação foi feita ou aconteceu. Palavras: embrace (incluir, adotar, aproveitar), enclose (fechar, cer-
She behaved strangely. [Ela se comportou estranhamente.] car), embed (embutir) etc

L
CE
He fought bravely. [Ele lutou corajosamente.] Prefixo: ex-
Uso: Anterior, antigo, de dentro

S
Notas: Palavras: ex-president, exhale (exalar), ex-husband (ex-marido)

EU
= adjetivos terminados em “y”. etc

AT
happy - “y” + ly 3 happily Prefixo: fore-

8M
heavy - “y” + ly → heavily Uso: Antes de
Palavras: forecast (previsão), forehead (testa, fronte), foresee (pre-

79
= adjetivos terminados em “le”. ver) etc

04
simple – “e” + ly → simply Prefixo: il-, im-, in-, ir-

01
Uso: Não, indica negativa

10
= Os advérbios de modo geralmente são posicionados no fim ou Palavras: impossible, illegal, irresponsible etc
Prefixo: inter-

21
no interior da frase, embora, algumas vezes, possam ser colocados
no início. Uso: Entre

TO
Palavras: intersect (dividir, cruzar), interstellar, intervene (intervir,

EN
Quando posicionados no interior da frase, devem obedecer à se- interferir) etc
guinte regra: Prefixo: macro-

IM
Uso: Grande, notável
SC
Antes do verbo principal ou após o verbo auxiliar ou mo- Palavras: macrocosm, macromolecule, macroeconomics etc
NA

dal. Prefixo: micro-

Uso: Pequeno
DO

I honestly believe we can win this war. Palavras: microscope, microcosm, microbe etc
↓ ↓ Prefixo: mid-
O

Adverb verb Uso: Meio

IN

Palavras: midway (meio do caminho), midfielder (meio-campista),

ST

I can clearly see the eclipse from here. midday (meio-dia) etc
LE

↓ ↓ Prefixo: mis-
CE

Modal adverb Uso: Incorreto

Verb Palavras: misfire (falha de detonação de explosivo ou ignição de
S

= Atenção !!! motor), mistake (erro, engano), misunderstand (mal-entendido,

EU

interpretar mal) etc

AT

True - “e”+ “ly” → truly Prefixo: non-

8M

Bad → badly , but …Good → well Uso: Não, sem

Fast e Hard não recebem o sufixo – ly Palavras: nonsense (bobagem, besteira), nonexistent (inexistente),
79

She drives fast and works hard. nonstop (sem parar) etc
04

Prefixo: pre-
1

PREFIXES Uso: Antes

00

Palavras: predetermine, pre-intermediate, preschool (pré-escola)

1

Prefixo: anti- etc

21

Uso: Oposição, contra Prefixo: re-

TO

Palavras: antiseptic, antibiotic, antivirus etc Uso: De novo, novamente

EN

Prefixo: auto- Palavras: return (retornar), reiterate (reiterar), redo (refazer) etc
Uso: Próprio, do mesmo Prefixo: sub-
IM

Palavras: autopilot, autobiography, automobile etc Uso: abaixo de, inferior

SC

Prefixo: co- Palavras: submerge (submergir), sub-category, subtitle (legenda),

NA

Uso: Junto, com etc

Palavras: co-pilot, co-worker, co-author etc Prefixo: super-
DO

Prefixo: de- Uso: Acima de, superior

Uso: Oposto Palavras: superstar (astro), supernatural (sobrenatural), superior etc
NO

Palavras: deactivate (desativar), deduce (deduzir), decaffeinated Prefixo: un-

(descafeinado) etc Uso: Não, indica negativa
I
ST

Prefixo: dis- Palavras: unfinished (não acabado/terminado), unacceptable (ina-

LE

Uso: Indica negativa, contrário/oposto de algo ceitável), unhappy (infeliz) etc

CE

Palavras: disagree (discordar), disappear (desaparecer), disapprove

(desaprovar) etc
US
TE

139
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
ES
SUFFIXES
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

L
CE
Sufixo: -able, -ible
Uso: O que pode ser feito, ajuda na formação de adjetivos 1. Usando os prefixos supracitados, escreva o oposto dos adjetivos

S
Palavras: incredible, adorable (adorável), acceptable (aceitável) etc abaixo.

EU
Sufixo: -ly

AT
Uso: Característica de, ajuda na formação de advérbios. a) credible _____________

8M
Palavras: slowly (lentamente), certainly (certamente), quickly (rap- b) mature______________
idamente) etc c) understand ___________

79
Sufixo: -less d) lock ______________

04
Uso: Sem, falta de e) qualify _____________

01
Palavras: useless (inútil), homeless (desabrigado), hopeless (sem f) sense _______________

10
esperança) etc g) regular _______________
Sufixo: -dom

21
h) legal _______________
Uso: Estado de ser i) conformist ____________

TO
Palavras: freedom (liberdade), stardom (estrelato), boredom (abor- j) agree ____________

EN
recimento) etc k) tolerable ____________
Sufixo: -ed l) probable _____________

IM
Uso: Verbos regulares no passado ou adjetivo passivo m) legible _____________
SC
Palavras: worked (trabalhou), played (jogou...) bored (chateado),
NA

Interested (interessado)... 2. Relacione as palavras com os significados de seus prefixos.

Sufixo: -eous, -ious, -ous-
DO

Uso: Estado de, qualidade de a) antisocial, antibiotic

Palavras: ridiculous, religious, famous etc b) autobiography, autopilot
O

Sufixo: -er, -or, -ist c) bicycle, bilingual

IN

Uso: Pessoa ou objeto que faz uma ação específica; comparativo d) microcomputer, microscopic
ST

Palavras: teacher, inventor, scientist, communist, bigger, smaller... e) monologue, monogamous

LE

Sufixo: -est f) multinational, multiracial

CE

Uso: Superlativo g) oversleep, overeat

Palavras: biggest (maior), tallest (mais alto), fastest (mais rápido) ... h) postwar, postgraduate
S

Sufixo: -ful i) retype, reread

EU

Uso: Cheio de j) submarine, subway

AT

Palavras: hopeful (esperançoso), useful (útil), handful (mão cheia)

8M

... I- [ ] small [pequeno]

Sufixo: -ion, -tion, -ation, -ition II- [ ]under [sob, embaixo]
79

Uso: Ato ou indica o processo de III-[ ]against [contra]

04

Palavras: action, position, occasion etc IV- [ ]two, twice [dois, duas vezes]
1

Sufixo: -ity, -ty, -ness V- [ ]again [novamente]

00

Uso: Estado de, qualidade de VI- [ ]or ou by oneself [por si só]

1

Palavras: validity, sickness (enfermidade), activity etc VII- [ ]after [depois]

21

VIII-[ ]too much [em execesso]

TO

SUFFIX GRAMMATICAL ORIGINAL SUFFIXED IX- [ ]one, single [um, único]

EN

CHANGE WORD WORD X- [ ]many [vários]

-s plural dog dogs
IM

-en plural (irregular) ox oxen 3. Relacione as palavras abaixo com os seguintes sufixos :
SC

-s 3rd person singu- like he likes

lar present
NA

-ed past tense/past work he worked/ -able -ful -ive -less -ous -y
participle he has
DO

worked a) Attract __________

-en past participle eat he has eaten
b) Religion __________
(irregular)
NO

-ing continuous/pro- sleep he is sleeping c) Color __________

gressive d) Count __________
I
ST

-er comparative big bigger e) Product __________

LE

-est superlative big the biggest

f) Brain __________
CE

g) Prevent __________
h) Mood __________
US
TE

140
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
i) Care __________

TI
a) really work c) are not proved or tested

ES
4. Agora use alguns dos adjetivos do exercício anterior para com- b) are successful d) can be legally prescribed
pletar as lacunas.

L
CE
2. (EEAR 2010) In “researchers”, (line 3), the suffix – “er ” has the
a) When she discovered his lies, she got absolutely__________! same function as the one in

S
b) Sometimes she`s happy, sometimes she`s sad. I guess she`s really

EU
__________ a) nicer. b) harder. c) worker. d) transfer.

AT
c) He has beautiful blue eyes, a lovely smile and nice curly hair. He`s

8M
really __________ 3. (EEAR 2009) In “later”, (line 4), the suffix – “er” has the same func-
d) I didn’t like the new decoration of their house. It`s too __________ tion as the one in

79
e) Cavities are __________ as long as you brush your teeth and

04
avoid sweets. a) differ. b) player. c) follower. d) healthier.

01
f) Karen should be more __________about what she says. Leo was

10
offended by her joke. 4. (EFOMM 2010) In which option all the suffixes are correctly used?

21
g) I hate __________ people when they`re driving. a) “insensitive” / “inexpected” / “inlegible” / “unpolite”

TO
b) “insensitive” / “unexpected” / “unlegible” / unpolite”

EN
5. Make up sentences, according to the following example: c) “insensitive” / “unexpected” / “illegible” / “impolite”
d) “insensitive” / ‘unexpected” / “unlegible” / “impolite”

IM
Example : e) “insensitive” / “inexpected” / “illegible” / “impolite”
SC
brave, fought, the soldier.
NA

The soldier fought bravely. 5. (Efomm 2009) The suffix "ly" forms adverbs of manner from
adjectives as, for example, in: caIm (adjective) caImIy (adverb of
DO

a) beautiful, she, sings manner) .Which of the adjectives below DOES NOT follow this rule?
_________________________________________________
O

b) hard, studied, they a) quick b) fast c) fine d) quiet e) exquisite

IN

_________________________________________________
ST

c) bad, plays the piano, she 6. (EFOMM 2013) The prefix un as in ‘unclear’ (line 17) is used cor-
LE

_________________________________________________ rectly in all alternatives EXCEPT:

CE

d) good, speaks English, Mary

_________________________________________________ a) unconscious d) undetermined
S

e) happy, laughed, they b) uninteresting e) unexpensive

EU

_________________________________________________ c) unfold
AT

f) careful, drives, Joan

8M

_________________________________________________ 7. (ESFCEX 2010)

Choose the alternative with the prefixes that correctly form the op-
79

6. Complete the sentences by writing the correct prefix in the posite of the words below:
04

blank space. You can use a dictionary to help you. dependent-able-patient

1

(dis-in-mis-re-un-under)
00

a) un-un-in d) im - un - un
1

a) I just can't believe it! The story is _____believable! b) in-in-un e) in - un – im

21

b) No, that answer is _____correct. It is wrong. c) in - dis - im

TO

c) Let's look at this information again. We should _____view it be-

EN

fore the test. 8. (EN 2011) Which of the alternatives below completes the senten-
d) I saw Allison just a moment ago, but now I can't find her! It see- ce correctly?
IM

ms that she _____appeared!

SC

e) Oh, I'm sorry, I didn't hear you correctly. I _____understood you. "Because he was driving so ____(1) he was (2) hurt in the accident ."
NA

f) The subway does not go over the land like a normal train. It mo-
ves _____ground. a) fastly hardly d) fastly - badly
DO

b) quick - serious e) quickly - serious

c) fast - seriously
NO

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO 9. In the sentence "There was a Lengthy pursuit, over seven hours",
I
ST

there is a word formed by the suffix "y". In which option below the
LE

word is formed by the same suffix?

CE

1. (EEAR 2010) If the treatments are unproven, (line 3), it means that
they _________________. a) lately
US
TE

141
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
b) mostly

TI
c) fury a) answer – user – whoever

ES
d) ally b) answer – harder – power
e) healthy c) voter – lawyers – researchers

L
CE
d) voter – user – rather
10. Choose the alternative in which all the words make opposites e) rather – harder – radar

S
with the same preffix:

EU
16. If we add the prefix '-UN’ to some words in English, we can get

AT
a) decisive – logical – able the opposite of that word, like in ‘unwanted’ (l. 29). In this sense,

8M
b) possible – correct – able consider the following words and analyze them:
c) calculate – correct – able I. able.

79
d) decisive – correct – capable II. happy.

04
e) possible – logical – capable III. fair.

01
IV. acceptable.

10
11. The alternative in which all the words contain prefixes that ex-

21
press the idea in brackets is Which of them can be an opposite just by adding the prefix ‘-UN’?

TO
a)embattled (line 15) – displaced (line 18) - resurgent (line 26) a) Only IV.

EN
[repetition] b) Only II and III.
b)dependence (line 73) - anti-multiculturalist (line 119) - con- c) Only I, II and IV.

IM
travention (line 161) [opposition] d) Only II, III and IV.
SC
c)macro-level (line 114) - overcome (line 125) - subscription e) I, II, III and IV.
NA

(line 127) [size]

d)disunity (line 125) - unwilling (line 138) - illiberality (line 147) 17. What’s the best option for the prefix word bellow.
DO

[negation] What she is trying to do is totally _______ logical.

e)prevented (line 125) - retrospective (line 135) – unable (line
O

138) [time] a) dis

IN

b) il
ST

12. The prefix anti­in (“…a clear anti­communist choice…”) means: c) im

LE

d) in
CE

a) against
b) twice 18. The suffix of the word POORER in has the same meaning as in:
S

c) many times
EU

d) similar a) worker.
AT

e) distant b) believer.
8M

c) farmer.
13. The prefixes of inconceivable and unhealthy mean: d) better.
79

e) fighter.
04

a) doubt.
1

b) affirmation. 19. In English, a lot of nouns are formed by a verb and a suffix. One
00

c) contradiction. example of a noun derived from a verb is

1

d) twice.
21

e) negation. a) member.
TO

b) darker.
EN

14. In the excerpt, “…there is a far greater feeling of equality than c) manner.
when the teacher stays out at the front”, the words in bold have d) loser.
IM

received the addition of the suffix -er for the same reasons that e) longer.
SC

which pair of words respectively?

NA

a) lighter – brighter
DO

b) swimmer – manager.
c) carer – answer.
NO

d) controller – anger.
e) stronger – designer.
I
ST
LE
CE

15. Selecione a alternativa em que todos os termos são formados 20. Following the process which he himself describes, Calvin trans-
pelo mesmo processo de formação de palavras. forms an adjective into the following verb form:
US
TE

142
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) with bottom.

TI
a) “verbing”. b) over the bottom.

ES
b) “got”. c) at the bottom.
c) “complete”. d) without bottom.

L
CE
d) “weirds”. e) out of bottom.
e) “understanding”

S
27. Leia a sentença: “The researchers point out that many fac-

EU
21. Analise a sentença a seguir: tors – including lifestyles and living conditions, and differences in

AT
The text was misspelled, she should rewrite it. people’s immune systems – affect the likelihood of the virus being

8M
transmitted.” A palavra likelihood poderá ser substituída, sem mu-
As palavras destacadas possuem algo em comum, pois elas são dar o sentido, por:

79
exemplos de:

04
a) preference.

01
a) Composição. b) prevalence

10
b) Conversão. c) interference.

21
c) Sufixação. d) probability.
d) Prefixação e) presentation.

TO
EN
22. Choose the option where the negative prefixes are correctly 28. Unlinking is an example of a word made of a prefix and a
applied: suffix. Check the alternative that contains words made of a prefix

IM
and a suffix.
SC
a) disagree – imperfect – dismotivated.
NA

b) misunderstood – unclassify – disrespect. a) talky – moving

c) illicit – alogical – impacient. b) longer – liturgical
DO

d) impossible – mislead – uncomfortable. c) murderers – action

e) ingrateful – misguided – unhappy d) inappropriately – rearranged
O

e) deftly – enormous
IN

23. Choose the option where the NEGATIVE PREFIX are correctly
ST

applied: 29. O sufixo -ing adquire função de adjetivo na alternativa

LE
CE

a) INPOSSIBLE - UNHONEST - IMREGULAR - DISCOMFORTABLE a) Almanacs were often the only reading matter in Colonial
b) IMPOSSIBLE - DISHONEST - IRREGULAR -UNCOMFORTABLE households.
S

c) POSSIBLE - HONEST - REGULAR - COMFORTABLE b) Franklin felt that writing should always have a practical pur-
EU

d) INPOSSIBLE - IRHONEST - UNREGULAR – INCOMFORTABLE pose.

AT

c) Franklin collected together the best of his sayings in a book

8M

24. Choose the option where all the negative prefixes are incor- called The Way to Wealth.
rect: d) Franklin made his Almanac relevant by creating the charac-
79

ter “Little Richard”.

04

a) disagree - imperfect - unmotivated. e) Benjamin Franklin had no liking for poetry.

1

b) illicit - misunderstood - disrespect.

00

c) inclassify - anti-logical - dispatient. 30. A terminação -er nas palavras fewer e speaker, no primeiro pa-
1

d) antiseptic - disappear - incorrect. rágrafo, e other, no segundo parágrafo, assume funções distintas:
21

gera o comparativo; indica o agente que assume determinada ati-

TO

25. O verbos em inglês, quando acrescidos do sufixo “-er”, passam vidade ou posição; compõe a raiz da palavra.
EN

a denominar os sujeitos que praticam a ação, como no caso do A alternativa em que se encontram palavras seguindo os mesmos
verbo “to teach”, que, sem a partícula indicadora de verbo no in- processos de formação, respectivamente, é:
IM

finitivo “to”, acrescido de “-er” ao final, passa a ser “teacher” ou o

SC

professor, “aquele que ensina”. Em qual dos seguintes conjuntos de a) prettier – polluter – filter.
NA

palavras isto NÃO acontece? b) sunnier – owner – builder.

c) barrier – composer – further.
DO

a) welder, wanderer, player d) order – soldier – powder.

b) killer, batterer, reader e) outsider – trainer – loser.
NO

c) worker, writer, trainer

d) maker, cleaner, baker 31. The word 'unnecessary' in “it would be an unnecessary financial
I
ST

e) member, shelter, later burden” is formed by the prefix -un.

LE

The prefix -un has been added to the words below.

CE

26. The suffx –less in the word bottomless means: Choose the only correct word;
US
TE

143
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) uneffective 2.

TI
b) unpatient 1. D

ES
c) unpolite 2. J
d) unhealthy 3. A

L
CE
4. C
5. I

S
32. Which set of words contain both a prefix and a suffix? Choose 6. B

EU
the CORRECT answer. 7. H

AT
8. G

8M
a) Worker / Overwork 9. E
b) Immoral / Supermarket 10. F

79
c) Repainting / Unhelpful

04
d) Endlessly / Unlikely
QUESTÃO 3

01
3.

10
33. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences with the

21
prefixes: a) ive
1. My brother is so ___mature 2. Unfortunately, we ___agree. 3. It’s b) ous

TO
___possible to finish the task till the end of the week. 4. The time of c) ful

EN
the meeting can be really ___convenient for some people. d) less
e) ive

IM
a) im – dis – im – in. f) y/ less SC
b) in – un – im – dis. g) ive/ able
NA

c) il – in – dis – in. h) y
d) im – dis – in – im. i) ful/ less
DO

e) All answers are wrong

O

QUESTÃO 4
IN

4.
ST

GABARITO
GABARITO
LE

a) brainless
CE

b) moody
APRENDIZAGEM
c) attractive
S

QUESTÃO 1 d) colorful
EU

1. e) preventable
AT

f) careful
8M

a) in g) careless
b) im
79

c) mis
QUESTÃO 5
04

d) un
1

e) dis 5.
00

f) non
1

g) ir a) She sings beautifully

21

h) il b) They studied hard

TO

i) non c) She plays the piano badly

EN

j) dis d) Mary speaks English well

k) in e) They laughed happily
IM

l) im f) Joan drives carefully

SC

m) il
QUESTÃO 6
NA

QUESTÃO 2
DO

6.
a) un
NO

b) in
c) re
I
ST

d) dis
LE

e) mis
CE

f) under
US
TE

144
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
APROFUNDAMENTO

TI
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

ES
6. E 7. E 8. E 9. E 10. D

L
CE
11. D 12. A 13. E 14. E 15. C Read the text and answer question

S
16. E 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. D
Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And

EU
21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. E Landing Private Jet

AT
26. D 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. A

8M
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet flying? Here’s
31. D 32. C 33. A
a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a European Spa-

79
ce Agency (ESA) business incubator center in Bavaria – rele-

04
ased an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater plane called Lilium

01
that’s currently in the works. With a top speed of 250 mph and

10
a range of 300 miles, the plane can travel roughly between Mu-

21
nich and Berlin in about 90 minutes. And according to the ESA,
if testing succeeds, this _____ the world’s first vertical takeoff

TO
and landing private jet. The project came about when Daniel

EN
Wiegand – one of the four founders of
Lilium – wanted to realize flying for the masses in a fast, inex-

IM
pensive, efficient and eco-friendly way. ‘Our goal is to develop
SC
an aircraft that doesn’t need the complex and expensive in-
NA

frastructure of an airport, can be used close to urban areas,

and doesn’t produce too much noise and pollution,’ he said.
DO

So to produce this new class of airplanes that could take off

and land vertically anywhere with a surface area of 250 square
O

feet by 2018, Wiegand and his team in Germany came up with

IN

a design using electric engines and incorporated movable fan

ST

turbines.
LE

Fonte: www.forbes.com
CE

Glossary
S

Glimpse – uma ideia para entender melhor algo.

EU
AT

1. (EEAR 2017) Choose the alternative in which the prefix ‘in-’

8M

was used to form an opposite.

79

a) incubator (line 3) c) incorporated (line 20)

04

b) inexpensive (line 12) d) infrastructure (line 14)

1
00

Read the text and answer question.

1
21

Should we fear that someday a huge asteroid would

TO

fulfill one of the apocalyptic scenarios envisaged for Earth,

EN

when a space rock smashes into our planet causing a global

disaster? Judit Gyorgyey-Ries, an experienced astronomer at
IM

the University of Texas’ McDonald Observatory becalms the

SC

worried doomsdayers with a scientific approach to the mat-

NA

ter. In an interview with astrowatch.net, she discusses potential

asteroid threats, her current research and misinterpretation of
DO

her words by tabloid newspapers.

NO

Taken from www.spacedaily.com/Deep_Impact.html

I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

145
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
12
2. (EEAR 2015) The only word that has the same suffix as in

ES
“astronomer” (line 5) is CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

L
CE
a) matter c) newspaper
b) disaster d) doomsdayer VERB FORMS - VERB TO BE

S
EU
3. (EFOMM 2015) In lines 2 – 3: “(…) and despite an unresolved To Be - Present

AT
lawsuit that has delayed the project (...)”, the word in bold is

8M
formed by the prefix 'un'. In which option below the word is not Affirmative Form – Forma Afirmativa
correctly formed by the same prefix ? I am = eu sou / eu estou

79
you are = você é / você está

04
a) unfinished d) undecided he is = ele é / ele está

01
b) unfasten e) unpolite she is = ela é / ela está

10
c) unwrapped it is = ele ou ela é / ele ou ela está
we are = nós somos / nós estamos

21
you are = vocês são / vocês estão

TO
they are = eles ou elas são / eles ou elas estão

EN
Podemos também usar abreviações:

IM
SC
I am = I’m
NA

you are = you’re

he is = he’s
DO

she is = she’s
it is = it’s
O

we are = we’re
IN

you are = you’re

ST

they are = they’re

LE
CE

Exemplos de usos de “he”, “she”, “it”:

S

1) José = “ele”, em português / José = “he”, em inglês – José is

EU

here (José está aqui) = He is here = He’s here (Ele está aqui); José
AT

is handsome (José é bonito) = He is handsome = He’s handsome

8M

(Ele é bonito)
79

4. (EEAR 2012) “unborn baby”, the underlined word means 2) Maria = “ela”, em português / Maria = “she”, em inglês – Maria
04

is here (Maria está aqui) = She is here = She’s here (Ela está aqui);
1

a) not wanted. c) recently born. Maria is beautiful (Maria é bonita) = She is beautiful = She’s beauti-
00

b) not yet born. d) born before the usual time of birth. ful (Ela é bonita)
1
21

5. (EEAR 2010) In “teacher”, underlined in the paragraph, the 3) Casa = “ela” neutro (para objetos); não é um ser vivo / House =
TO

suffix –“er” has the same function as the one in “it”, em inglês (para objetos) – The house is big (A casa é grande) =
EN

It is big = It’s big (Ela é grande); The house is dirty (A casa está suja)
a) safer. b) danger. c) cleaner. d) happier. = It is dirty = It’s dirty (Ela está suja)
IM
SC

4) Carro = “ele” neutro (para objetos); também não é um ser vivo)

NA

/ Car = “it”, em inglês (para objetos) – The car is red (O carro é

vermelho) = It is red = It’s red (Ele é vermelho); The car is clean (O
DO

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM carro está limpo) = It is clean = It’s clean (Ele está limpo)
WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
NO

Exemplos de usos de “you”:

I
ST

1) Você (dirigindo-me a uma pessoa) é elegante = You are elegant

LE

= You’re elegant.
CE

2) Vocês (dirigindo-me a duas (ou mais) pessoas) são elegantes =

US
TE

146
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
You are elegant = You’re elegant.

TI
ATENÇÃO
ATENÇÃO

ES
Exemplos de usos de “they”:

L
CE
1) Maria e Ana = “elas”, em português / Maria and Ana = “they”, em Como vimos acima, usamos o nome ou o pronome e não
inglês – Maria and Ana are here (Maria e Ana estão aqui) = They are os dois, isto é, se usamos Maria (que é o nome) não usa-

S
mos "she"(ela) e vice versa, se usamos "she" (que é ela) não
here = They’re here (Elas estão aqui); Maria and Ana are beautiful

EU
usamos Maria (que é o nome). Isto serve para todos os ou-
(Maria e Ana são bonitas) = They are beautiful = They’re beautiful
tros casos: se usamos José não usamos "he" e se usamos

AT
(Elas são bonitas) Maria e Ana ou José e Antônio, não usamos "they" (eles).

8M
Um substitui o outro, ou seja, o pronome substitui o nome.
2) José e Antônio = “eles”, em português = José and Antônio =

79
“they”, em inglês – José and Antônio are here (José e Antônio es-

04
tão aqui) = They are here = They’re here (Eles estão aqui); José and Apresentaremos, agora, as formas negativa e interrogativa do ver-

01
Antônio are handsome (José e Antônio são simpáticos) = They are bo to be.

10
handsome = They’re handsome (Eles são simpáticos)
Negative Form

21
3) Casas = “elas” neutro (para objetos) / Houses = “they”, em in- Formamos a negativa do verbo “to be” de forma simples : colo-

TO
glês) – The houses are big (As casas são grandes) = They are big = cando “not” após o verbo:

EN
They’re big (Elas são grandes); The houses are dirty (As casas estão
sujas) = They are dirty = They’re dirty (Elas estão sujas) I am not - eu não sou (estou)

IM
you are not
SC - você não é (está)
4) Carros “eles” neutro (para objetos) / Cars = “they”, em inglês – he is not - ele não é (está)
NA

The cars are red (Os carros são vermelhos) = They are red = They’re she is not - ela não é (está)
red (Eles são vermelhos); The cars are clean (Os carros estão lim- it is not - ele/ela não é (está)
DO

pos) = They are clean = They’re clean (Eles estão limpos). we are not - nós não somos (estamos)
you are not - vocês não são (estão)
O

OBSERVAÇÕES they are not - eles/elas não são (estão)

OBSERVAÇÕES
IN

Podemos também escrever/falar de outra forma. Podemos, nova-

ST

mente, usar abreviações:

LE

a) Os pronomes “it” e “they” muitas vezes não são tradu- I am not = I’m not
CE

zidos. O verbo em inglês não pode vir desacompanhado, you are not = you aren’t
como em português (“é” ou “são”, correspondentes a “is” he is not = he isn’t
S

e “are” em inglês). Temos, portanto, que usar “it” ou “they” she is not = she isn’t
EU

somente para acompanhar o verbo, sem traduzi-los; it is not = it isn’t

AT

we are not = we aren’t

8M

b) As palavras “beautiful”, “handsome”, “big”, “dirty”, “red”, you are not = you aren’t
“clean” e “elegant” são adjetivos e não têm plural em in- they are not = they aren’t
79

glês, não levam “s”. Estudaremos com mais detalhes em

04

outra lição. Exemplos:

1
00

O pronome pessoal “I” (eu) é sempre escrito com letra (i) 1) I am an engineer (Eu sou engenheiro) – I am not an engineer =
1

maiúscula, não importando sua posição na frase (início, I’m not an engineer
21

meio ou fim).
TO

2) She is a hostess (Ela é anfitriã*) – She is not a hostess = She isn’t

EN

O pronome “you” é usado para a segunda pessoa do sin- a hostess

gular (você ou tu) como também para a segunda pessoa
IM

do plural (vocês ou vós). O contexto e, principalmente, o 3) You are late (Você está atrasado(a)) – You are not late = You
SC

substantivo (singular ou plural) nos indicará a pessoa cor- aren’t late

NA

reta.
4) We are early (Nós estamos adiantados) – We are not early = We
DO

“They” é usado para pessoas e objetos no plural. aren’t early

NO

5) You are on time (Vocês estão na hora) – You are not on time =
Exemplos: You aren’t on time
I
ST

Is the car red? – Yes, it is. = O carro é vermelho? – Sim, é.

LE

Are the cars red? – Yes, they are. = Os carros são vermelhos? – Sim, 6) They are there (Eles/elas estão lá) – They are not there = They
CE

são. aren’t there

Is the house dirty? – Yes, it is. = A casa está suja? – Sim, está.
US
TE

147
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
7) He is a doorman (Ele é porteiro) – He is not a doorman = He isn’t

TI
a doorman OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

ES
8) This is a fork (Isto é um garfo) – This is not a fork = This isn’t a fork

L
CE
1) Na forma interrogativa, o verbo to be, assim como no presente
Em um restaurante sofisticado, o cliente é normalmente simples, antecede o sujeito.

S
recebido por uma “hostess” ou um “host”, e conduzido

EU
até à mesa ou ao “Maitre’d” ,que então tomará o pedido 2) Em muitos casos, o “past tense” é usado acompanhado de

AT
da bebida inicial e passará ao “waiter” ou “waitress”. marcadores de tempo tais como: yestarday, last (week, mon-

8M
th, year...), ago (two months ago, two years ago, the day before
yestarday, entre outros)

79
last week _______________________________

04
To Be - Past last month ______________________________

01
two weeks ago ___________________________

10
Example: two months ago __________________________

21
I was in the United States last year. I was not in Brazil. the day before yesterday ___________________
wasn’t

TO
EN
Was I in Chicago? To Be - Future
Affirmative

IM
I was Apresentamos a seguir as formas do Simple Future (Futuro
SC
You were Simples) do verbo to be. Na 1ª coluna encontra-se a forma sem
NA

He was contração e na 2ª, mostramos a forma contraída. A forma inter-

She was rogativa não possui contração:
DO

It was
We were 1 - AFFIRMATIVE FORM / FORMA AFIRMATIVA:
O

You were
IN

Forma Sem Contração Forma Contraída

They were
ST

I will be I'll be
LE

Negative You will be You'll be

CE

I was not = wasn’t

He will be He'll be
You were not – weren’t
S

He was not – wasn’t She will be She'll be

EU

She was not – wasn’t It will be It'll be

AT

It was not – wasn’t

We will be We'll be
8M

We were not – weren’t

You were not – weren’t You will be You'll be
79

They were not – weren’t

They will be They'll be
1 04

Interrogative
00

Was I ? Examples:
1

Were you ? We will be on vacation next month. (Estaremos de férias no mês

21

Was he ? que vem.)

TO

Was she ? I think it will be raining tomorrow. (Acho que estará chovendo
EN

Was it ? amanhã.)
Were we ? She will be the most beautiful bride in the whole world! (Ela será a
IM

Were you ? noiva mais linda do mundo inteiro!)

SC

Were they ? I'll be there at eight o'clock.

NA

(Estarei lá às oito horas.)

DO

2 - NEGATIVE FORM / FORMA NEGATIVA:

Forma Sem Contração Forma Contraída
NO

I will not be I'll not be / I won't be

I
ST

You will not be You'll not be / You won't be

LE

He will not be He'll not be / He won't be

CE

She will not be She'll not be / She won't be

US
TE

148
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
It will not be It'll not be / It won't be

TI
1 – They are in South America now.
We will not be We'll not be / We won't be

ES
a)...............................................................................................
b)..............................................................................................

L
You will not be You'll not be / You won't be

CE
c) ..............................................................................................
They will not be They'll not be / They won't be

S
2 – John is a cook.

EU
Examples: a)...............................................................................................

AT
I won't be here next week. (Não estarei aqui na semana que b)..............................................................................................

8M
vem.) c) ..............................................................................................
He will not be a spoiled child. (Ele não será uma criança mi-

79
mada.) 3 – Mary and Betty are cooks.

04
We will not be ready to play the game tomorrow. (Não estare- a)...............................................................................................

01
mos preparados para jogar o jogo amanhã.) b)...............................................................................................

10
c) ..............................................................................................
3 - INTERROGATIVE FORM / FORMA INTERROGATIVA:

21
4 – He is a chef.
Forma Sem Contração Forma Contraída

TO
a)...............................................................................................
will I be? ---x---

EN
b)...............................................................................................
will you be? ---x--- c) ..............................................................................................

IM
---x---
SC
will he be? 5 – Both girls are tall.
NA

a)...............................................................................................
will she be? ---x---
b)...............................................................................................
DO

will it be? ---x---

c) ..............................................................................................
---x---
O

will we be? 6 – He is a clever boy.

IN

a)...............................................................................................
ST

will you be? ---x---

b)...............................................................................................
LE

will they be? ---x---

c) ..............................................................................................
CE

Examples: 7 – Peter is a good waiter.

S

Will you be at home tomorrow evening? (Você vai estar em a)..............................................................................................

EU

casa amanhã à noite?) b)..............................................................................................

AT

Will I be late if I get there at nine o'clock? (Vou estar atrasado c) ..............................................................................................
8M

se chegar lá às nove horas?)

Will he be waiting for me in the station? (Ela estará esperando 8 – We are tired.
79

por mim na estação?) a)..............................................................................................

04

b)..............................................................................................
1

c) ..............................................................................................
100

9 – It is cold tonight.
21

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
a)..............................................................................................
TO

b)..............................................................................................
EN

1. Put in the following forms of be (am, are, is) into the gaps in the c) ..............................................................................................
text. Do not use short/contracted forms.
IM

10 – They are happy.

SC

Peter Baker ________ from Manchester, but Paul and John ________ a)..............................................................................................
NA

from London. Manchester and London ________ cities in England. b)..............................................................................................

Hamburg _______ a city in Germany. Sandra ________ at school to- c) ..............................................................................................
DO

day. Jack and Peter ________ her friends. They ________ in the same
class. Mr and Mrs Baker ________ on a trip to the USA to visit their 3. Use to be in the past.
NO

cousin Anne. She ________ a nice girl. She ________ from New York. a)I ______________ on the island last month.
b)The cars ________________ American.
I
ST

2. a/b. Passe as frases afirmativas a seguir para as formas negativa c)James _____________ a good student.
LE

e interrogativa. d)We ______________ in the elevator.

CE

c. Traduza as frases modificadas. e)That problem ______________ difficult.

US
TE

149
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
f)You ___________ at school yesterday. (negative) c)______________ many Brazilian politicians in New York on Sept

TI
g)She ______________ a very good teacher. 11th, 2001? Yes, ____________________.

ES
h)You and I ____________ at work two hours ago. d)______________ a good computer at that school? No,
_____________________.

L
CE
4. Change to negative form:
a) The principal of the school was Australian. 9. Give short answers:

S
_____________________________________________

EU
principal = director a)Were there computers in 1820?

AT
_____________________________________________

8M
b) The films were interesting.
_____________________________________________ b)Was there a terrorist attack in New York city in 2001?

79
interesting = exciting = fun _____________________________________________

04
X

01
boring = monotonous = dull c)Were there jet planes in the sixteenth century?

10
c) The telephones and the fax were from Italy. _____________________________________________

21
_____________________________________________

TO
5. Change to question form.

EN
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
a) Yesterday was a holiday.

IM
_____________________________________________ SC
1. Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct.
NA

b) I was at school last night.

_____________________________________________ a) How many girls are there at your party last week?
DO

b) Is there anybody in room 201 at the moment?

c) All the cabs were slow. c) Sarah said there is twelve people waiting.
O

_____________________________________________ d) There isn’t an accident in our street last night.

IN

all = todos, todas, tudo e) There is exercise bars so you can work out.
ST

cab = taxi
LE

2. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna da

CE

6. Answer the questions. Give short answers. frase a seguir:

Example: Was Pedro Álvares Cabral Spanish? In my school __________ many foreign students.
S

No, he wasn’t.
EU

a) Was communication quick in 1864? a) has

AT

_____________________________________________ b) there are

8M

c) there is
b) Was Pelé a major soccer player? d) have
79

_____________________________________________ e) there have

104

c) Were the Beatles American? 3. Choose the correct answer.

00

_____________________________________________ "There _____ 2,000 people living here and almost everybody
1

_______ their own car."

21

d) Were you in London this morning?

TO

_____________________________________________ a) is/has
EN

b) is/have
7. There is or there are? c) are/has
IM

a)__________________ international films on TV. d) are/have

SC

b)____________ different countries with different languages. e) was/has

NA

c)_________ a boy in the elevator? No, _______________.

d)_________ a subway station in Pavuna, but ________ one in Cam- 4. ‘’There is no future in any job.” Means that
DO

po Grande.
e)_________________ delicious candies for you at the store. a) there is some future job
NO

b) there isn’t any future job

8. There was or there were? c) there is plenty of future job
I
ST

d) there is few future job

LE

a)______________ a strange man at the door.

CE

b)______________ some correct answers in my exam. 5. Mark the option that change the sentence bellow into negative
form.
US
TE

150
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
‘’There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link’’ a) There are.

TI
b) There is.

ES
a) There wasn’t a number of theories that attempt to explain c) There to be.
the link d) There have.

L
CE
b) There is not a number of theories that attempt to explain
the link 11. Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase “In

S
c) There is doesn’t a number of theories that attempt to explain my school _____________ many students”:

EU
the link

AT
d) There aren’t a number of theories that attempt to explain a) there have.

8M
the link b) there to be.
c) there is.

79
6. A palavra there é empregada adequadamente para exprimir o d) there are.

04
sentido de haver em:

01
12. A frase “There is a mistake in your exercise” no plural é:

10
a) Can you pass me that wine glass there?

21
b) There she is. a) There is not a mistake in your exercise.
c) Mexico? I’ve always wanted to go there. b) There is many mistakes in your exercises.

TO
d) There’s no gas left in the tank. c) There are many mistakes in your exercises.

EN
d) There to be many mistakes in your exercises.
Tobacco will kill 1,200 people in the United States today.

IM
7. Assinale a opção correta quanto aos ditames gramaticais do in- Maybe fewer of US citizens would die from cigarettes if _______
SC
glês: fewer cigarettes ads.
NA

But please only rip out ads from magazines you own. Thank you.
a) A palavra there em there is one problem pode ser omitida. GLOSSARY
DO

b) A forma negativa de there is é there isn’t ou there is no. ads (advertisements) – anúncios
c) A inversão de there were, compondo were there, é comu- rip out – destaque, rasgue
O

mente utilizada em frases afirmativas.

IN

d) Nenhuma das respostas anteriores. 13. Choose the best alternative to have the extract completed:
ST
LE

8. Complete the conversation between A and B by using the verb a) there is

CE

There to be: b) there are

A. Hi, tell me about your school… ______________ Japanese girls c) there was
S

studying there? d) there were

EU

B. Yes, _______________.
AT

A. Great. And are there Australian boys? 14. ____________ girls in the classroom?
8M

B. No, __________________.
A. And _________________ a sports gym? a) How many.
79

B. Yes, _________________ a big one! b) Are there.

04

A. Tha’s nice! Let’s go and play basketball! c) Is there.

1

Assinale a sequência que completa corretamente as sentenças d) There is

00

acima:
1

Read the news below.

21

a) Are there - there are - there aren’t - is there - there is The impact of the smoke will be minimized by burning under specif-
TO

b) Are there - are there - there are - is there - there is ic wind and atmospheric conditions, however __________________
EN

c) There are - there are - there aren’t - is there - there is times when large amounts of low-lying smoke will be present. At
d) Are there - are there - there aren’t - there is - is there other stages in the operation, a very large smoke column protrud-
IM

e) There are - there are - there are - there isn’t - there isn’t ing hundreds of feet into the atmosphere may be seen for many
SC

miles.
NA

9. Marque a alternativa que usa corretamente o ve-bo there to be:

15. Identify the best alternative that completes the context.
DO

a) There are chairs in the class.

b) Is there teachers at school? a) There are.
NO

c) Are there a flower in the vase? b) There is.

d) There is problems in my life. c) There were.
I
ST

d) There will be.

LE

10. Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase:

CE

“____________ a clock on the wall”:

US
TE

151
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
10.

TI
ES
a. They aren’t (are not) happy.
GABARITO
GABARITO b. Are they happy?

L
CE
c. Eles estão felizes.

S
APRENDIZAGEM
QUESTÃO 3

EU
QUESTÃO 1
a. was b. were c. was d. were e. was

AT
f. were g. was h. were.

8M
is - are - are - is - is - are - are - are - is - is
QUESTÃO 4

79
QUESTÃO 2 a. wasn’t b. weren’t c. weren’t

04
1.

01
QUESTÃO 5

10
a. They aren’t (are not) in South America now.
a. Was yesterday a holiday?

21
b. Are they in South America now?
c. Eles estão na America do Sul agora. b. Was I at school last night?

TO
2. c. Were all the cabs slow?

EN
a. John isn’t (is not) a cook. QUESTÃO 6

IM
b. Is John a cook?
a. No, it wasn’t b. Yes, he was
SC
c. John é um cozinheiro.
NA

3. c. No, they weren’t d. No, I wasn’t

DO

a. Mary and Betty aren’t cooks. QUESTÃO 7

b. Are Mary and Betty cooks? a. There are b. There are c. Is there/ there isn’t
O

c. Mary e Betty são cozinheiras.

IN

d. There is/ there isn’t e. There are

ST

4.
QUESTÃO 8
LE

a. He isn’t (is not) a chef.

a. There was b. there were,
CE

b. Is he a chef?
c. Ele é um chef. c. Were there / there were d. Was there/ there wasn't
S
EU

5.
QUESTÃO 9
AT

a. Both girls aren’t (are not) tall. a. No, there weren’t b. Yes, there was c. No, there weren’t
8M

b. Are both girls tall?

c. As duas meninas são altas. APROFUNDAMENTO
79

6. 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B
04

6. D 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B
1

a. He isn’t (is not) a clever boy.

00

b. Is he a clever boy? 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D

1

c. Ele é um menino inteligente.

21

7.
TO

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO 13
EN

a. Peter isn’t (is not) a good waiter.

b. Is Peter a good waiter?
IM

c. Peter é um bom garçom.

SC

8. THE PRESENT
NA

a. We aren’t (are not) tired. 1. Simple Present Tense

DO

b. Are we tired?
c. Nós estamos cansados. O uso do Simple Present caracteriza-se na afirmativa tanto pela
NO

ausência do auxiliar quanto pela inclusão de -s, -es ou -ies nas

9.
formas de 3ª pessoa do singular.
I
ST

a. It isn’t (is not) cold tonight.

LE

b. Is it cold tonight? They study hard everyday.

CE

c. Está fazendo frio esta noite. Eles estudam muito todo dia.
US
TE

152
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
He needs to pay his debt today.

TI
Ele precisa pagar a conta dele hoje. I usually go to parties with friends.

ES
Eu normalmente vou a festas com amigos.
They don’t work at Texaco. b) Verdades absolutas ou científicas.

L
CE
Eles não trabalham na Texaco.
Water boils at 100o C.

S
Does she live here? A água ferve a 100o C.

EU
Ela mora aqui?

AT
The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.

8M
Regras Especiais para o Uso da 3a Pessoa do Singular O sol nasce no leste e se põe no Oeste.

79
Já citamos anteriormente que os verbos na 3a pessoa do singu- Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

04
lar do presente simples sofrem uma alteração quando usados na Na forma negativa, temos a presença do auxiliar acrescido da

01
forma afirmativa. Essas alterações seguem certos padrões estabe- partícula not.

10
lecidos.

21
I do not (don’t) belong to any political party.
- Aos verbos terminados em -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z e -o, acrescenta-se Eu não pertenço a nenhum partido político.

TO
o sufixo -es:

EN
She does not (doesn’t) agree with me.
To kiss – He kisses Ela não concorda comigo.

IM
To wash – He washes SC
To teach – She teaches Na estrutura geral da pergunta em inglês temos:
NA

To fix – She fixes Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento

To buzz – It buzzes
DO

To do – He does Do you like beer?

Você gosta de cerveja?
O

- Verbos terminados em -y: se precedido de uma consoante, re-

IN

tiramos o -y e acrescentamos -ies. Se precedido de uma vogal, Does she sing well?
ST

acrescentaremos apenas o -s. Ela canta bem?

LE
CE

To fly – He flies É possível também fazer perguntas negativas.

To play – He plays
S

Don’t you want to go with us?

EU

- Todos os outros verbos recebem apenas -s para formar a 3a pes- Não quer ir conosco?
AT

soa do singular.
8M

Doesn’t she get to be approved?

To read – She reads Ela não consegue ser aprovada?
79

To cook – He cooks
04

Importante: Na 3ª pessoa do singular, a presença da forma does do

IMPORTANTE
IMPORTANTE
1

auxiliar faz com que o verbo principal seja usado na forma infini-
00

tiva, ou seja, sem o sufixo -s.

1

O verbo to have, na 3a pessoa do singular, assume a forma

21

has. Já o verbo to quiz, por questões fonéticas, tem a con- Forma Enfática
TO

soante final dobrada antes do acréscimo de -es: quizzes (o Caracteriza-se pela presença do verbo auxiliar na forma afirmativa.
EN

mesmo acontece com os outros sufixos que podem ser acres-

cidos a este verbo). I do love you.
IM

Eu realmente te amo.
SC

Usos do Simple Present She does like rock.

NA

É usado, basicamente, para expressar: Ela realmente gosta de rock.

DO

a) Hábitos, rotina, acontecimentos ou ações que ocorrem regular 2. Present Continuous|Progressive Tense
ou frequentemente.
NO

É feito utilizando-se a seguinte estrutura: to be (present) + verb

He watches TV everyday. (present participle)
I
ST

Ele assiste à TV todo dia.

LE

He is wearing a long black overcoat.

CE

She likes to listen to music while she reads. Ele está usando um sobretudo longo e preto.
Ela gosta de ouvir música enquanto lê.
US
TE

153
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
They are waiting for me.

TI
Eles estão esperando por mim. They are watching the game right now.

ES
Eles estão assistindo ao jogo agora mesmo.
Present Participle (-ING Form)

L
CE
b) É usado para descrever ações que são exceções à rotina.
Na construção dos tempos contínuos/progressivos, a forma -ing

S
dos verbos é classificada como present participle, que equivale ao I eat pizza every day, but today I’m eating a hot dog.

EU
gerúndio da língua portuguesa. Observe as regras de composição: Eu como pizza todo dia, mas hoje estou comendo hot dog.

AT
8M
a) Verbos terminados em -ie: Muda-se o -ie para -y antes do acrés- She always works during the summer, but this year she is traveling
cimo de -ing. to France.

79
To lie – lying Ela sempre trabalha durante o verão, mas este ano ela está via-

04
To die – dying jando para a França.

01
10
b) Verbos terminados em -e: Tira-se o -e e acrescenta-se -ing. c) É usado para descrever planos para o futuro próximo.
To give – giving

21
To cease – ceasing Joe is flying to Manhattan tomorrow/next month.

TO
Joe está indo para Manhattan amanhã/mês que vem.

EN
Exceção: To be – being
I’m traveling to Guaramiranga next July.

IM
c) Verbos terminados em -ee seguem a regra geral. Vou para Guaramiranga no próximo mês de julho.
SC
To flee – fleeing
NA

To foresee – foreseeing Como o Present Continuous/Progressive Tense é usado

para descrever ações, alguns verbos que não são de ação,
DO

d) Verbos terminados em -ic recebem -k antes do acréscimo de principalmente os de sentimento, pensamento e senti-
-ing. do, não se apresentam nas formas deste tempo. Verbos
O

To panic – panicking como like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know,
IN

To frolic – frolicking realize, suppose, mean, understand, believe, re-

ST

member, belong, contain, consist, depend, see,

LE

d) Terminação CVC (Consoante + Vogal + Consoante): Para os ver- seem, hear, smell, taste etc. são alguns exemplos.
CE

bos monossilábicos terminados em CVC faremos a duplicação da

última consoante, antes de colocarmos o -ing. Os dissilábicos e I understand now.
S

oxítonos seguem a mesma regra. Eu entendo/estou entendendo agora. – e não I’m understanding
EU

now.
AT

To stop – stopping
8M

To swim – swimming I see what you mean.

To regret – regretting Eu compreendo/estou compreendendo o que você quer dizer. – e
79

To permit – permitting não I’m seeing what you mean.

104

No caso dos paroxítonos, devemos seguir a regra geral. Dois verbos, entretanto, look e feel, podem ser usados tanto no
00

To open – opening presente simples como no contínuo.

1

To visit – visiting
21

You look good today./You’re looking good today.

TO

Como vimos na formação do Simple Past, alguns verbos seguem Você está ótima hoje.
EN

regra diferente em inglês britânico quando necessitam receber de-

terminados sufixos. I feel fine today./I’m feeling fine today.
IM

To travel – travelling/traveling Sinto-me bem hoje./Estou me sentindo bem hoje.

SC

To quarrel – quarrelling/quarreling
NA

To label – labelling/labeling Para o verbo think temos duas possibilidades. Quando este for
traduzido por “achar”, “entender”, não utilizaremos o presente
DO

Usos do Present Continuous|Progressive contínuo/progressivo. Quando ele tiver a tradução de “pensar”,

a) É usado para descrever uma ação em progresso no momento podemos usá-lo no presente contínuo.
NO

da fala.
I think you’re a nice guy.
I
ST

I’m studying English at the moment. Eu acho você um cara legal.

LE

Eu estou estudando inglês no momento.

CE

I’m thinking about you now.

Estou pensando em você agora.
US
TE

154
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) to arrive d) will arrive

TI
Formas Negativas e Interrogativas b) arrives e) would arrive

ES
As formas interrogativas e negativas do presente contínuo/pro- c) arriving
gressivo seguem absolutamente as mesmas formas já estabeleci-

L
CE
das anteriormente. 9. As soon as you _____ ready, we will go downtown.

S
They are not (aren’t) eating at this moment. a) will be b) be c) was d) feel e) are

EU
Eles não estão comendo neste momento.

AT
10. In Brazil, it _____ in the summer.

8M
Is she driving her car right now?
Ela está dirigindo o carro dela agora? a) is raining b) will rain c) rains d) rain e) raining

79
04
Aren’t they studying to the exam?

01
Eles não estão estudando para o exame? QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO

10
21
1. A forma negativa de “He speaks Russian” é:
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

TO
EN
a) He doesn’t speaks Russian.
1. How many glasses of milk _______ he ______ a day? b) He don’t speaks Russian.

IM
c) He didn’t speak Russian.
SC
a) does, have d) do, has d) He doesn’t speak Russian.
NA

b) does, has e) does, haves e) He doesn’t spoke Russian.

c) do, have
DO

2. __________ people need old things to wear?

2. Why _____ she _______ ?
O

Because she hurt herself. a) Do b) Does c) Have d) Has e) Is

IN
ST

a) does, cries d) cry, cry 3. The doorbell is __________.

LE

b) is, cry e) is, crying

CE

c) does, crying a) ringe b) ring c) ringing d ) rung e) rang

S

3. She usually _______ to her manager at this time of the day, but 4. Mark the best answer to the question below:
EU

today she ____________ to her new assistant. What do you usually do every weekday?
AT
8M

a) is talking, talks d) talks, is talking a) I work. d) Working.

b) is talking, is talking e) talks, talking b) I am working. e) I works.
79

c) talks, talks c) I have worked.

04

4. _______you __________ what you are eating ? 5. Listen! Your father __________, don’t interrupt him.
1
00

a) Are, liking b) Do, like c) Do, liking d) Are, like a) has talked d) is talking
1

b) talks e) has talking

21

5. Mark, the bell _______. Can you answer it, please ? c) are talking
TO
EN

a) is ringing b) rings c) does ring d) ring e) ringing 6. My parents normally __________ breakfast at 7:00 a.m
IM

6. What time _______ the games _______? a) eat b) are eating c) eats d) eating e) is eating
SC
NA

a) are, start d) does, start 7. A forma interrogativo-negativa de “We live near the airport” é:
b) do, start e) do, starting
DO

c) are, starts a) Do we live near the airport?

b) Don’t we live near the airport?
NO

7. What languages______ they_______? c) Does we live near the airport?

d) Do we lives near the airport?
I
ST

a) are, speak d) are, speaking e) Didn’t we live near the airport?

LE

b) do, speaking e) are, speaks

CE

c) do, speak 8. We reach an agreement.

8. I`ll wait until the teacher_______.
US
TE

155
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) We not reach an agreement. 17. Complete the sentence below:

TI
b) We no reach an agreement. Anyone who __________ to a psychiatrist ought to have his head

ES
c) We reach don’t an agreement. examined.
d) We don’t reach an agreement.

L
CE
e) We don’t to reach an agreement. a) go b) to go c) goes d) gone e) going

S
9. The interrogative form of the sentence “The professor knows a 18. John ___________________ at this moment.

EU
lot about Medieval England” is:

AT
a)arrive d) are arriving

8M
a) Does the professor knows a lot about Medieval England? b) arrives e) is arriveing
b) Knows the professor a lot about Medieval England? c) is arriving

79
c) Does the professor know a lot about Medieval England?

04
d) Do the professor knows a lot about Medieval England? 19. Peter always __________________on time for meetings.

01
e) Does know the professor a lot about Medieval England?

10
a) arrive d) are arriving
10. The negative form of the sentence “Students practice with pat-

21
b) arrives e) is arriveing
terns” is: c) is arriving

TO
EN
a) Students don’t to practice with patterns. 20. Choose the alternative in which the capital word -ING form is
b) Students no practice do with patterns. an example of the present continuous:

IM
c) Students not do practice with patterns. SC
d) Students don’t practice with patterns. a) Only 1 child in 100 can be classed as a real screen addict, a
NA

e) Students do practice no with patterns. child who spends WORRYING 7 hours or more watching TV
or playing computer games.
DO

11. John is a good student, so he __________ to school every day. b) INCREASING prosperity has also contributed to the rise of the
bedroom culture.
O

a) gone b) go c) went d) going e) goes c) Children from the age of 9 are now TURNING to their be-
IN

drooms as a place to socialize.

ST

12. The carnival begins on Saturday and __________ until Tuesday d) 57% of children say they still enjoy READING, and 1 in 5 tee-
LE

nagers can be classed as a book-lover.

CE

a) continued d) has continued e) It is getting harder to control children's VIEWING.

b) continues e) ends
S

c) was ending
EU

QUESTÕES AVANÇADAS
AT

13. Jane is an excellent student. At this moment she __________

8M

her lesson.
1. Select the alternative that best completes the dialogue below.
79

a) studing d) has studying Jude I ____ (see) Mary last Sunday.

04

b) studied e) is studying John: Really?I ____ (not/see) her for years. How is she?
1

c) is studied
00

a) a saw – haven’t see

1

14. Do you usually __________ breakfast at seven or at eight o’clock? b) saw – haven’t seen
21

c) have seen – didn’t see

TO

a) eats b) is eating c) will eat d) eat e) are eating d) have seen – haven’t seen
EN

15. Today Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work separately be- 2. The correct form of the sentence “more than 100,000 people
IM

cause Mr. Parsons has to go to a meeting at another branch. burst into a rendition of ‘Happy Birthday’ ” (lines 2 and 3) in the
SC

present perfect is:

NA

a) Drive d) Are driveing

b) Is driving e) drives a) More than 100,000 people has bursted into a rendition of Ha-
DO

c) Are driving ppy Birthday.

b) More than 100,000 people have bursted into a rendition of
NO

16. Ela não gosta de cozinhar. Happy Birthday.

c) More than 100,000 people have burst into a rendition of Ha-
I
ST

a) She don’t like to cook. d) She doesn’t like to cook. ppy Birthday.
LE

b) She not like to cook. e) She likes not to cook. d) More than 100,000 people has burst into a rendition of Happy
CE

c) She like not to cook. Birthday.

US
TE

156
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
“The advent of the internet hasn't [...] cooked up new

TI
conspiracy theories” Since astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel in

ES
space in 1961, scientists _________ what effects space travel has on
3. Mark the correct option to make the sentence above interroga- the human body.

L
CE
tive. (Adapted from Active Skills)

S
a) Doesn’t the advent of the internet cook up new conspiracy 7. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense.

EU
theories?

AT
b) Hasn’t the advent of the internet cooked up new conspiracy a) have studied b) has studied

8M
theories? c) studied d) study
c) Didn’t the advent of the internet cook up new conspiracy

79
theories?

04
d) Haven’t the advent of the internet cook up new conspiracy

01
theories?

10
4. Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence.

21
I am not worried about the test. I ______ enough to pass.

TO
EN
a) learnt
b) have learnt

IM
c) learn SC
d) had learnt
NA

e) learned
DO

5. Choose the correct option to complete this novel excerpt. 8. Fill in the blank with the correct verb tense:
"Where is Louisia?", shouted Paul.
O

"Paul", said Mrs Schobert softly [...] "Louisia has not _________ nor a) shows b) showing
IN

______ . She has not ________ home — yet. I am sorry. I don't know c) has shown d) have shown
ST

what to think."
LE

(HOOD, P.F.F.; HOOD, C.L. Tomorrow, soldier. Part Three: Himmler's

CE

Gas Station. An autobiographical novel in four parts. Milton Keynes: 9. In the sentence “it’s been 30 years since I developed the notion
UK. Author House, 2007, p.40.) of ‘multiple intelligences’” (lines 20 and 21), the contraction refers
S

to
EU

a) called/wrote/come
AT

b) called/wrote/came a) It has. b) It been. c) It is. d) It was.

8M

c) call/wrote/came
d) call/written/came The Mona Lisa
79

e) called/written/come Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is widely recognized as the most

04

famous painting of all time. She has aroused admiration, curios-

1

ity and suspicion for over 500 years. She can provoke a reaction
00

known as the Mona Lisa Syndrome: the viewer is enchanted by her

1

legendary smile, which becomes increasingly enigmatic the more

21

you look at it.

TO

As it will never be sold, the Mona Lisa is priceless, although for insur-
EN

ance reasons it is believed to be valued at anything up to $ 1 billion.

(Adapted from Move – Intermediate)
IM
SC

10. The underlined part, in the text, means that the Mona Lisa is the
NA

most famous painting that

DO

a) never existed. b) has ever existed.

c) will exist forever. d) existed a long time ago.
NO

11. Mark the correct alternative to complete the sentence.

I
ST

Max _________________ ill for three weeks. He’s still in hospital.

LE

6. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word to complete the text.
CE

a) had been
a) ever b) even c) never d) always b) were
US
TE

157
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
c) is

TI
d) was

ES
e) has been

L
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
04
01
10
21
TO
EN
12. Choose the best alternative to complete the blank.

IM
SC
a) putting b) putted c) puts d) put
NA

13. “Photographer captures bittersweet spirit of a dog who has

DO

been living in a park for 13 years."

O

The underlined verb tense expresses:

IN
ST

a) The idea of a situation that is or was always true.

LE

b) The idea of a situation that was in progress recently before or up

CE

to a past point in time.

c) The idea of a situation in progress until recently or until the time
S

of speaking.
EU

d) The idea of a situation that describes from the point of view of

AT

a later time.
8M
79
1 04
100
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA

14. The statement “many people were injured by falling glass” (line
7) stands for
DO

Falling glass _______ many people.

NO

a) have injured b) has injured

c) had injured d) injured
I
ST
LE

Brazilian airforce airlifted 4 Polish citizens from the coronavirus-

CE

stricken Chinese city Wuhan

The President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, has aided Poland by helping
US
TE

158
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
to evacuate 4 Polish citizens from the Coronavirus stricken Chinese c) have to be d) hasn’t been

TI
city Wuhan. A Brazilian air force plane landed in Warsaw to drop

ES
the 4 Poles off, after which it continued its journey from Wuhan Read the text and answer question.
to Brazil. A total of 34 Brazilians were quarantined for 18 days after

L
CE
returning back home. Dance Monkey
https://polanddaily.com/959-brazilian-airforce-airlifted-4-polish- Tones And I

S
citizens-from-the-coronavirus-stricken-chinese-city-wuhan I’ve never seen anybody do the things you do before

EU
They say

AT
15. The sentence in bold in the text is in the: Move for me, move for me, move for me, ay-ay-ay

8M
And when you’re done I’ll make you do it all again
a) Present Continuous b) Past Continuous I said: Oh my God, I see you walking by

79
c) Present Perfect d) Simple Past Take my hands, my dear, and look me in my eyes

04
Just like a monkey, I’ve been dancing my whole life

01
Gregory “Greg” Heffley is an American middle school student and And you just beg to see me dance just one more time

10
also the main protagonist of the book series Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Ooh, I see you, see you, see you every time

21
Greg is lazy, petty, slightly narcissistic, sociopathic, egotistical, ec- Adapted from: https://www.letras.mus.br/tones-and-i/dance-
centric, egocentric, usually backstabbing, and sometimes even -monkey

TO
selfish and dishonest, and apparently lacks talent. He hardly has

EN
any skills aside from video games and possibly singing. However, 18. The sentences underlined, in the text, are in the:
despite all this, Greg has had his kind and caring moments, but not

IM
that often. a) Present Perfect, Imperative, and Simple Present.
SC
Adapted from https://diary-of-a-wimpy-kid.fandom.com/wiki/ b) Present Perfect, Simple Present, and Imperative.
NA

Greg_Heffley c) Simple Present, Imperative, and Present Perfect.

d) Simple Present, Present Perfect, and Imperative.
DO

16. The negative form of the underlined sentence is

O

a) Greg doesn’t have his kind and caring moments, but not that
IN

often.
ST

b) Greg haven’t had his kind and caring moments, but not that of-
LE

ten.
CE

c) Greg hasn’t have his kind and caring moments, but not that of-
ten.
S

d) Greg hasn’t had his kind and caring moments, but not that often.
EU
AT

Read the text and answer question.

8M

The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, completed by the end of
79

March 1949 and published by Geoffrey Bles in the United Kingdom

04

on 16 October 1950, tells the story of four ordinary children: Peter,

1

Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie, who ______________ evacua-

00

ted to the English countryside from London following the outbre- 19. “He has been living abroad for decades...”, (line 11), means that
1

ak of World War II. They discover a wardrobe in Professor Digory Nunes

21

Kirke’s house that leads to the magical land of Narnia. The Pevensie
TO

children help Aslan, a talking lion, save Narnia from the evil White a) used to live abroad.
EN

Witch, who has reigned over the land of Narnia for a century of b) is still living abroad.
perpetual winter with no Christmas. The children become kings c) has been to different countries.
IM

and queens of this new-found land and establish the Golden Age of d) has recently moved to another country.
SC

Narnia, leaving a legacy to be rediscovered in later books.

NA

Adapted from www.en.wipedia.org/wiki/the_lion_the_witch_and_ 20. Assinale a alternativa que contém o uso correto do tempo ver-
the_wardrobe bal “present perfect”, como no exemplo – “evidence has begun to
DO

show that animals have personalities after all” –, no segundo pará-

grafo do texto.
NO

17 Keeping in mind the structure of the Present Perfect Tense, fill

the blank in the text. a. The president has arrived from Europe the previous night.
I
ST

b. When America was discovered, Indians have lived in the land

LE

“He's right there in the back seat”, ______? (line 8) for a long time.
CE

c. They have finished their assignment before the end of class.

a) has been b) have been d. Brazil has won the world cup in 2002.
US
TE

159
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
e. Her grandfather has won the lottery. 26. Tick the alternative that shows the verb tense of the following

TI
sentence as found in the text:

ES
21. The present perfect is used appropriately in: “Pacemakers have come a long way since the 60s […]”

L
CE
a. People have seen “The Da Vinci Code” in May. a. Past perfect continuous
b. Have Tom Hanks and Ron Howard worked together in Apollo b. Past perfect

S
13, a decade ago? c. Present perfect continuous

EU
c. Ron Howard´s splendid “The Da Vinci Code” has received a lot d. Present perfect

AT
of good critics when it was released. e. Simple present

8M
d. Akiva Goldsman has written a good adaptation for “The Da
Vinci Code”, when he was writing the screenplay version. 27. Young Nina and her grandmother are having a conversation:

79
e. “The Da Vinci Code” has shocked many people since it was

04
released. "Grandma, how long have you and Grandpa been married?", asked

01
Nina.

10
22. Some examples of the use of the present perfect were extrac- "We’ve been married for fifty years”, Grandma replied.

21
ted from the text(…communications technologies have connected “That is so wonderful”, exclaimed Nina. “And I bet in all that time,
people all over the globe,… the environment has suffered, Some you never once thought about divorce, right?”

TO
nations have begun to try…, … people have used the oceans as a “Right Nina. Divorce, never. Murder, lots of times.”

EN
dumping place). This verb tense was used because:
In the joke, the sentence: “We’ve been married for fifty years” (ref.

IM
a. the development process is in the past 1) means that Nina’s grandparents
SC
b. the development process is on-going
NA

c. the development process is widespread a) lived together for fifty years.

d. the development process is happening within a limited time b) were married for fifty years.
DO

span c) got married fifty years ago.

e. the development process is happening at the time of speech d) were married for a long time.
O
IN

23.The following sentence in the present perfect tense would be: A handwritten note from September 11
ST

“[…] It was an opportunity for States to reaffirm […]”. In moments of crisis, our first thoughts are usually to get in contact
LE

with the people we love. September 11, 2001, was a day when many
CE

a. It has being an opportunity for States to reaffirm. people wanted to know that their loved ones were safe. At 9:37 a.m.,
b. It was been an opportunity for States to reaffirm. the Pentagon was attacked by terrorists who crashed an airplane
S

c. It 's being an opportunity for States to reaffirm. into the western side of the building.
EU

d. It has been an opportunity for States to reaffirm. Many people tried using the mobile phones that existed then, but
AT

e. It is an opportunity for States to reaffirm. few were successful. Franklin and Daria Gaillard (Frank and Chip)
8M

were both members of the Air Force and worked at the Pentagon.
24. The present perfect form of “That is one of the reasons I fell in They worked in different parts of the building and had a previous
79

love again with Montana” (ref.5) is: agreement that they would meet at their car in the parking lot if
04

there were any emergency.

1

a. that is one of the reasons I have falled in love again with Daria was the first to arrive at the car and wrote a note to Franklin
00

Montana saying "Frank - Sweetie I am okay. I'm w/ my office over by the Lyn-
1

b. that is one of the reasons I have felt in love again with Mon- don B. Johnson Memorial Sign. I'll stay there till you come. Love lots
21

tana & lots, Chip." Frank found the note and was able to locate his wife in
TO

c. that is one of the reasons I have fallen in love again with the aftermath of the attack.
EN

Montana What makes this story so interesting is the handwritten note. Today,
d. that is one of the reasons I had fallen in love again with Mon- in our digital culture, we have a variety of ways to let people know
IM

tana that we are safe. Text messages, voicemail, and different forms of
SC

social media can be used to get the information out to loved ones.
NA

25. The sentence which IS NOT an example of the present perfect In 2001, when these attacks__________(1), the cellular network was
simple is: still growing and was not as robust as it is today.
DO

This letter is just one of the many objects that The National Mu-
a. “Experiments have shown that in laboratory animals […].” seum of American History_________ (2) since 2001. To learn more,
NO

b. “[…] a topic that has fascinated mankind for centuries.” visit our online exhibition September 11th: Bearing Witness to His-
c. "Researchers have found that people who are socially […].” tory.
I
ST

d. “[…] these theories have not held up.” Adapted from http://americanhistory.si.edu/biog/handwritten-
LE

e. “[…] eating less has a more profound and diversified effect note-september-11-2001
CE

[…].”
28. Choose the alternative containing the correct verb tenses to
US
TE

160
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
complete gaps (1) and (2) in paragraphs 4 and 5 respectively. Adapted from www.news.com.

TI
ES
a) have happened, collected 31. Complete the text with the correct alternative.
b) have happened, have collected

L
CE
c) has happened, has collected a) has been – had been
d) happened, has collected b) had been – had been

S
e) happened, have collected c) has been – have been

EU
d) have been – have been

AT
29. According to the grammar rules for verb tenses. Choose the

8M
best alternative to fill the blanks:
Simple Present and Present Continuous

79
1- The police _________________ (arrest) the suspects last night. Present Tenses

04
2- They ____________________ (not/steal) anyone for a month. ‘’In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we must

01
3- Scientists __________________ (test) new medicine last year. understand the role of the languages used in its communities. How

10
4- I _______________________ (Not/find) my keys since you left. _____(1) language communities interact in megacities? What ten-

21
5- They _________________________ (work) a lot last night sions ______(2) caused by multiple language communities in urban
space? What role ______(3) language play in the power structures

TO
a) Arrested- haven´t stolen- tested- haven´t found- worked. (government or otherwise) of megacities?’’

EN
b) Arrested- haven´t steal- have tested- didn´t find- worked. Adapted from Military Review – Jan/Feb 2016
c) Have arrested- haven´t steal- have tested- haven´t find - have

IM
worked. 32. Complete with the CORRECT alternative:
SC
d) Arrested- didn´t steal- tested- didn´t find- worked The sun shone the whole day, __________ it?
NA

30. Choose the alternative that correctly completes the text below A. is, does, do
DO

using the verbs in brackets: B. do, are, do

C. are, is, do
O

"William Shakespeare was born in April 1564 in the town of Stra- D. are, do, does
IN

tford-upon- Avon, on England's Avon River. When he _____ (to be) E. do, are, does
ST

eighteen, he _____ (to marry) Anne Hathaway. The couple _____ (to
LE

have) three children—their older daughter Susanna and the twins 33. Which is the suitable answer to this question?
CE

Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, Shakespeare's only son, _____ (to Do you want some ice-cream?
die) in childhood. Sometime between 1610 and 1613, Shakespeare
S

is thought to _____ (to retire) from the stage and returned home a) Last night.
EU

to Stratford, where he died in 1616?. ( Disponivel em : <http://www. b) In my pocket.

AT

folger.edu/template.cfm?cid=866>). c) Last Sunday.

8M

d) It is not black.
a) is – marries – has had – is dead – retire e) No, thank you.
79

b) was – marries – had – died – has retired

04

c) were – married – had – has died – retired 34. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sen-
1

d) was – married – had – died – have retired tence:

00

e) is going to be – has married – has had – dead – retires I __________ when __________ that I have to study.
1
21

Read the text to answer question. a) don't like – she says

TO

b) never like – she will tell me

EN

Evacuations as typhoon hits China coast c) can't like – she says

More than 200,000 people ___________ evacuated as a typhoon d) mustn't like – she speaks
IM

made landfall on China’s east coast, state media say. Typhoon Yagi e) don't like it – she tells me
SC

hit China’s Zhejiang province shortly before midnight on Sunday

NA

packing winds of up to 102km/h, the official Xinhua news agency 35. When children are frequently exposed to violent scenes on TV,
reports, citing provincial flood control headquarters. they __________ about violence anymore because they __________
DO

A total of 204,949 people in 10 cities, including Taizhou, Zhoushan, anything wrong in it.
and Wenzhou, have been evacuated and almost 21,000 fishing
NO

boats called back to port, it said. The storm will also bring heavy a) care – don't see
rain and will gradually weaken as it moves slowly inland to the b) don't care – can't see
I
ST

northwest, Xinhua said. c) don't care – didn't see

LE

Summer is China’s typhoon season, although casualties d) didn't care – couldn't see
CE

____________ minimised in recent years by early government plan- e) don't care – couldn't see
ning and evacuations from potencial danger zones.
US
TE

161
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
36. Choose the best alternative to answer the question below: e) The boy and the girl won’t play basketball.

TI
What do you do?

ES
41. Use the verbs in parentheses to complete the following state-
a) We are pilots. ments.

L
CE
b) I’m fine, thanks. I- I usually ___________ (listen) to music in the evenings, but at the
c) I live in New York. moment I ___________(watch) my favorite program on TV.

S
d) We are 20 years old. II- Janeth ___________ (love) films. Sometimes, she ___________

EU
(prefer) to go to the theater with her friends.

AT
An umbrella __________ a very ordinary object. It __________ people III- Mr. Steven ___________ (live) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the

8M
against the rain and hot sun. You can fold most umbrellas, so it is week, his parents ___________ (work) as lawyers for a big company
easy ___________ them. downtown.

79
04
37. Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks in the Para- Now mark the option which completes them respectively.

01
graph:

10
a) am listening / am watching / is loving / prefers / lives /

21
a) is – puts – to hide working
b) was – keeps – to help b) am listening / watch / loves / is prefering / is living / works

TO
c) was – brings – to buy c) am listening / watch / love / is prefering / is living / works

EN
d) is – protects – to carry d) listen / watch / is loving / prefer / live / is working
e) listen / am watching / loves / prefers / lives / work

IM
38. Assinale a alternativa correta: SC
The whole world __________ against drugs now. 42. "How often ______________ in São Paulo?"
NA

a) is fighting a) does it rain

DO

b) fought b) it rains
c) had been fighting c) does rain
O

d) has fought d) rains

IN

e) fight e) rain
ST
LE

39. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente cada lacuna 43. Mike and John are on the phone:
CE

da frase apresentada: Mike: "I know that you and your uncle speak English. And what
I __________ to the radio every day, but I __________ listening to about your nephew?"
S

it now.
EU

a) John: "She speaks German."

AT

a) listen – am not b) John: "They speak French."

8M

b) listened – had c) John: "I speak English, too."

c) listening – was not d) John: "We speak Portuguese."
79

d) was listening – not e) John: "He speaks Italian."

04

e) not listen – was

1

44. The best negative form of the sentence “Aquaculture business

00

provides tax and royalty revenue to local governments” is

1
21

a) Aquaculture business don’t provides tax and royalty revenue

TO

to local governments.
EN

b) Aquaculture business don’t provide tax and royalty revenue

to local governments.
IM

c) Aquaculture business didn’t provide tax and royalty revenue

SC

to local governments.
NA

d) Aquaculture business doesn’t provides tax and royalty reve-

nue to local governments.
DO

e) Aquaculture business doesn’t provide tax and royalty reve-

nue to local governments.
NO

40. What are they doing in the picture?

Introduction to global food loss and food waste
I
ST

a) The children play basketball every day.

LE

b) They are playing basketball now. Food losses and food waste are quickly becoming a top global
CE

c) The boys didn’t play basketball yesterday. issue, because while there are milions of families with children
d) They never play basketball together. starving, others are living in abundance, with many others care-
US
TE

162
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
lessly throwing food away. Many of us have wasted food in one way

TI
or the other, but the real food losses and waste matteris than just

ES
consumer food waste.
From farming fields and storage places, through transportation,

L
CE
processing, market places, down to consumption places such as
homes, schools, restaurants and workplaces, more than half of all

S
food produced globally go to waste. This is a tragedy!

EU
In developing countries, it takes a lot of man-power to produce

AT
food. In more advanced countries, machines and technology are

8M
used, but the drain on energy, destruction of vegetative lands, the
use of chemicals and impact on the environment are phenom-

79
enal. Putting all that together, it is clear that a major problem has

04
emerged and we are all in a posítion to help in one way or the other.

01
(Adapted from: https:/igoo.g/ySEn3F. Access: 01/23/2018)

10
45. The best way to complete this sentence “In developing coun- 48. “do”, underlined in the extract, is being used

21
tries, it ______ a lot of man-power to produce food.” is

TO
a. for emphasis.

EN
a) Had taken b. as a modal verb.
b) Take c. to avoid repetition.

IM
c) Takes d. as a question word.
SC
d) Took
NA

e) Will take
DO

46. The best interrogative form for the sentence “People with dis-
ability have potential too” is
O
IN

a) Are people with disability have potential too?

ST

b) Did people with disability have potential too?

LE

c) Do people with disability have potential too?

CE

d) Does people with disability have potential too?

e) Have people with disability potential too?
S
EU
AT

49. The correct verb form to fill in the blank is

8M

a) recommend.
79

b) recommends.
04

c) recommended.
1

d) would recommend.
00
1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC

47. The sentence “Grounding means that they are not allowed to
NA

go out, after school or on weekends, for a certain period of time”,

in bold in the text, is in the:
DO

a) Simple Past
NO

b) Future Perfect
c) Simple Present
I
ST

d) Present Perfect
LE
CE

50. The underlined verbs, in the text, are in the

US
TE

163
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
55. “People negotiate and consume drugs”, in interrogative for is:

TI
a) simple past.

ES
b) past perfect. a) Does People negotiate and consume drugs?
c) simple present. b) People negotiate and consume drugs?

L
CE
d) present perfect. c) Do People negotiate and consume drugs?
d) Are People negotiate and consume drugs?

S
e) Does People negotiates and consumes drugs?

EU
AT
8M
56. Complete the sentence below using the appropriate words:

79
Mr. Harris_________ trains: He is afraid of airplanes

04
and________like buses, but ________trains.

01
51. The correct verbs to fill in the blanks are, respectively:

10
a) like/do/loves.

21
a) buy/ make/ give/ clean b) likes/don’t/love.
b) buy/ clean/ make/ give c) like/does/love.

TO
c) give/ buy/ clean/ make d) likes/doesn’t/loves.

EN
d) make/ give/ buy/ clean e) like/don’t/love.

IM
Read the sentence below. 57. Choose the alternative that presents the interrogative form of
SC
Scientists took digital photographs of the footprints and the sentence below.
NA

created a 3D image from them.

“[_] it affects many more people from the shanty towns
DO

52. The alternative that correctly transforms the sentence above to [_]”.
the simple present is:
O

a) Does it affect many more people from the shanty towns?

IN

a) Scientists take digital photographs of the footprints and cre- b) Is it affect many more people from the shanty towns?
ST

ate a 3D image from them. c) Has they affect many more people from the shanty towns?
LE

b) Scientists tooks digital photographs of the footprints and d) Are they affect many more people from the shanty towns?
CE

creates a 3D image from them. e) Do they affect many more people from the shanty towns?
c) Scientists takes digital photographs of the footprints and
S

create a 3D image from them.

EU

d) Scientists tooks digital photographs of the footprints and 58. Choose the alternative that presents the correct interrogative
AT

create a 3D image from them. form of the sentence below, taken from the text.
8M

e) Scientists took digital photographs of the footprints and cre-

ates a 3D image from them. “Disease and malnutrition are closely linked”.
79
04

53. Mark the option that shows the same meaning as in “Americans a) Does disease and malnutrition are closely linked?
1

have no close confidants’’ b) Are disease and malnutrition closely linked?

00

c) Did disease and malnutrition are closely linked?

1

a) Americans do have not any close confidants. d) Will disease and malnutrition are closely linked?
21

b) Americans not have any close confidants. e) Don’t disease and malnutrition are closely linked?
TO

c) Americans haven't any close confidants.

EN

d) Americans do not have any close confidants. 59. Choose the correct question.
IM

Alice in Wonderland a) Why Laura is tired?

SC

Lewis Carroll b) She can find the bathroom?

NA

“If you ___________ know where you want to go, then it ___________ c) Does she feels tired?
matter which path you take” d) Does she need to rest?
DO

e) Laura needs to use the bathroom?

54. Complete the text with the appropriate words.
NO

a) don’t / don’t
I
ST

b) does / don’t
LE

c) don’t / doesn’t
CE

d) doesn’t / doesn’t
e) do not / don’t
US
TE

164
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
14

ES
GABARITO
GABARITO CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

L
CE
APRENDIZAGEM
THE PAST TENSES

S
1. A 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. A

EU
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. E 10. C Sua principal característica é a utilização de formas regulares e ir-

AT
regulares de passado. Corresponde, em português, tanto ao Preté-

8M
APROFUNDAMENTO rito Perfeito como ao Pretérito Imperfeito.

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D

79
The championship ended last week.

04
6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D O campeonato terminou semana passada.

01
11. E 12. B 13. E 14. D 15. C

10
She went swimming with us last holiday.
16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C

21
Ela foi nadar conosco no último feriado.
AVANÇADAS

TO
Carl detested rock, but his father loved it.
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A

EN
Carl detestava rock, mas o pai dele amava.
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B

IM
I thought you had changed your car.
SC
11. E 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C
Eu achava que você tinha trocado seu carro.
16. D 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. E
NA

21. E 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. E Verbos Regulares e Irregulares

DO

Como já foi visto anteriormente, os verbos quanto, à flexão no pas-

26. D 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D
sado, podem ser regulares e irregulares. Os regulares são carac-
O

31. D 32. E 33. E 34. A 35. B terizados pelo acréscimo de -ed às formas infinitivas (veja as re-
IN

36. A 37. D 38. A 39. A 40. B gras abaixo), já os irregulares não seguem regra alguma para a sua
ST

flexão, sendo necessário memorizá-los (para seu auxílio, há uma

41. E 42. A 43. E 44. E 45. C
LE

lista com esses verbos no apêndice deste material).

CE

46. C 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. C

51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C a) Quando o verbo terminar em -y precedido de consoante, retira-
S

mos o -y e acrescentamos -ied.

EU

56. D 57. A 58. B 59. D

To bury – buried
AT

To cry – cried
8M

b) Quando o verbo terminar em -y precedido de vogal, acrescenta-

79

mos -ed.
04

To pray – prayed
1

To delay – delayed
1 00

c) Quando ocorrer a combinação CVC (Consoante + Vogal + Con-

21

soante) e o verbo for oxítono (no caso de dissilábico), deveremos

TO

dobrar a consoante final.

EN

To fit – fitted
To grab – grabbed
IM

To permit – permitted
SC
NA

d) Se o verbo não for oxítono, a regra cai por terra. Por isso, tam-
bém é necessário conhecer um pouco de pronúncia.
DO

To remember – remembered
To open – opened
NO

To visit – visited
I
ST

Observação: Em inglês britânico, alguns verbos paroxítonos, ter-

LE

minados em CVC, têm a consoante final dobrada. O mesmo não

CE

ocorre em inglês norte-americano.

US
TE

165
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
To travel – travelled/traveled Como vimos, o passado também se caracteriza pela omissão do

TI
To quarrel – quarrelled/quarreled verbo auxiliar na forma afirmativa. Entretanto, é possível a utiliza-

ES
To label – labelled/labeled ção desse auxiliar para dar ênfase ao que se quer dizer, à semel-
hança do Simple Present.

L
CE
e) Caso o verbo termine em -e ou -ee, faremos o acréscimo ape- She did tell the truth!
nas de -d. Ela contou a verdade sim!

S
To love – loved

EU
To save – saved Pelé did play soccer very well.

AT
To agree – agreed Pelé realmente jogava futebol muito bem.

8M
Usos do Simple Past Passado com Used to

79
É usado, basicamente, para expressar: Refere-se a uma ação que era praticada no passado, mas não

04
acontece mais hoje. Pode ser traduzida por “costumava” ou direta-

01
a) Uma ação realizada e totalmente terminada no passado. O mente pelo pretérito imperfeito.

10
tempo em que a ação ocorreu pode ser expresso ou apenas sub-

21
entendido. I used to come here when I was a child.
Castro Alves lived in the nineteenth century. Eu costumava vir aqui quando era criança.

TO
Castro Alves viveu no século dezenove.

EN
He used to love her.
b) Ações que aconteciam no passado, mesmo em um tempo in- Ele a amava.

IM
definido. SC
I loved History, but hated Math. 4. Past Continuous|Progressive Tense
NA

Eu amava História, mas odiava Matemática. É formado através da seguinte estrutura: to be (past) + verb (pres-
ent participle)
DO

We played WAR when we were younger.

Nós jogávamos WAR quando éramos mais jovens. Scott was talking on the phone.
O

Scott estava falando ao telefone.

IN

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

ST

A forma negativa é feita com o acréscimo de did not (ou didn’t) They were watching TV when their mother arrived.
LE

após o sujeito, antes do verbo (regular ou irregular), para todas as Eles estavam assistindo à TV quando a mãe deles chegou.
CE

pessoas:
Usos do Past Continuous| Progressive
S

She did not (didn’t) get to be approved. Os principais usos são para expressar:
EU

Ela não conseguiu ser aprovada. a) Ação que estava acontecendo no passado quando outra acon-
AT

teceu. Nessas frases de duas orações, para exprimir a segunda ação

8M

He did not (didn’t) have money and left without pay his debt. o verbo é usado no Simple Past.
Ele não tinha dinheiro e saiu sem pagar a conta.
79

They were playing ball when their bus arrived.

04

A forma interrogativa dos verbos (regulares e irregulares) no pas- Eles estavam jogando bola quando seu ônibus chegou.
1

sado é feita com a colocação de did (passado do verbo auxiliar

00

do) no início da pergunta, para todas as pessoas, ficando o verbo I was taking a shower when my parents arrived.
1

principal na forma básica. Eu estava tomando banho quando meus pais chegaram.
21

Did you work hard yesterday?

TO

Você trabalhou muito ontem? b) Duas ações que estavam acontecendo ao mesmo tempo, no
EN

passado. Nessas frases de duas orações, ambos os verbos apare-

Did they go there yesterday? cem no Past Continuous/Progressive.
IM

Eles foram lá ontem? Sue was skiing seeing that her boyfriend was drinking some beers
SC

with his friends.

NA

Na interrogativo-negativa, antepõe-se didn’t ao sujeito. Sue estava esquiando visto que seu namorado estava bebendo al-
gumas cervejas com os amigos.
DO

Didn’t you feel ashamed?

Você não ficou envergonhado? While we were studying to the proficiency exam, the girls were
NO

shopping.
Didn’t they arrive yet? Enquanto nós estávamos estudando para o exame de proficiência,
I
ST

Eles ainda não chegaram? as garotas estavam fazendo compras.

LE
CE

Forma Enfática c) Ação que estava se desenvolvendo em determinado momento

do passado:
US
TE

166
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
We were having a lot of fun yesterday at this time. Assinale para cada frase dada a única alternativa correta da sua

TI
Nós estávamos nos divertindo muito ontem a esta hora. transformação:

ES
The man was walking along the beach at sunrise.
O homem estava caminhando pela praia ao nascer do sol. 6. The Vikings came to England in the ninth century.

L
CE
Formas Negativas e Interrogativas a) Didn’t the Vikings come to England in the ninth century?

S
Seguem-se exatamente as mesmas regras já estudadas. b) Came not the Vikings to England in the ninth century?

EU
He was not (wasn’t) running along the beach. c) Came the Vikings not to England in the ninth century?

AT
Ele não estava correndo na praia. d) Did the Vikings came to England in the ninth century?

8M
e) Do not the Vikings come to England in the ninth century?
Was the man walking along the beach sunrise?

79
O homem estava caminhando pela praia ao nascer do sol? 7. Mr. Winston understood the pattern.

04
01
Weren’t they talking on the phone before I arrived? a) Did Mr. Winston understand the pattern?

10
Eles não estavam falando ao telefone antes que eu chegasse? b) Does Mr. Winston understands the pattern?

21
c) Did Mr. Winston to understand the pattern?
d) Did Mr. Winston understands the pattern?

TO
e) Did Mr. Winston understood the pattern?
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

EN
8. The tourist entered the Cathedral of Canterbury.

IM
1. (PUC) Assinale a sequência incorreta: SC
a) Didn’t the tourist entered the Cathedral of Canterbury?
NA

a) to feed – fed – fed d) to cut – cut – cut b) Do not the tourist enter the Cathedral of Canterbury?
b) to like – liked – liked e) to know – knew – knew c) Entered the tourist not the Cathedral of Canterbury?
DO

c) to show – showed – shown d) Entered not the tourist the Cathedral of Canterbury?
e) Didn’t the tourist enter the Cathedral of Canterbury?
O

2. A forma negativa de “I watched TV in the evening” é:

IN

9. The teacher corrects the child’s pronunciation.

ST

a) I watch not TV in the evening.

LE

b) I didn’t watch TV in the evening. a) Does the teacher corrects the child’s pronunciation?
CE

c) I watch don’t TV in the evening. b) Do the teacher correct the child’s pronunciation?
d) I do watch TV in the evening. c) Does the teacher correct the child’s pronunciation?
S

e) I don’t watch TV in the evening. d) Does the teacher corrected the child’s pronunciation?
EU

e) Does correct the teacher the child’s pronunciation?

AT

3. A forma negativa de “He sold his car last week” é:

8M

10. Jack spoke good English.

a) He didn’t sell his car last week.
79

b) He doesn’t sell his car last week. a) Did Jack to speaks good English?
04

c) He doesn’t sells his car last week. b) Did Jack speaks good English?
1

d) He doesn’t sold his car last week. c) Did Jack speak good English?
00

e) He didn’t sold his car last week. d) Jack did speak good English?
1

e) Did Jack spoke good English?

21

4. A forma interrogativa de “She left for Paris yesterday” é:

TO

11. I drove safely.

EN

a) Does she left for Paris yesterday?

b) Did she leave for Paris yesterday? a) I didn’t driven safely. d) I didn’t to drive safely.
IM

c) Did she left for Paris yesterday? b) I didn’t drive safely. e) I didn’t to driven safely.
SC

d) Does she leave for Paris yesterday? c) I didn’t to drove safely.

NA

e) Do she leave for Paris yesterday?

12. The teacher developed habits of good speech.
DO

5. Complete the dialogue:

A: “Why didn’t you go with us to the party?” a) Did the teacher developed habits of good speech?
NO

B: “Because __________” b) Did the teacher develop habits of good speech?

c) Did the teacher to develop habits of good speech?
I
ST

a) I didn’t wanted to. d) I don’t want to. d) Did the teacher develops habits of good speech?
LE

b) I don’t wanted to. e) I didn’t wanted. e) Did the teacher to developed habits of good speech?
CE

c) I didn’t want to.

13. Jackson não viajou para Londres ano passado.
US
TE

167
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
c) run – runned – runned

TI
a) Jackson did not traveled to London last year. 8. Supply the most suitable tense:

ES
b) Jackson not traveled to London last year. I (see) you yesterday. You (drink) beer at a pub, but you (not see) me.
c) Jackson traveled to London last year.

L
CE
d) Jackson did traveled to London last year. a) see – drink – don’t see
e) Jackson didn’t travel to London last year. b) saw – drunk – weren’t seeing

S
c) saw – were drinking – didn’t see

EU
14. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching d) was seeing – drunk – weren’t seeing

AT
to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will. e) was seeing – drank – didn’t see

8M
– Na sentença, emprega-se o tempo:
9. Maurício __________ from his bicycle yesterday.

79
a) simple past. d) present perfect.

04
b) past perfect. e) present continuous a) felt b) fall c) fallen d) has fallen e) fell

01
c) past continuous.

10
10. She was sitting on that chair when she died.

21
a) Ela estava sentando naquela cadeira enquanto morria.

TO
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO b) Ela estava sentada naquela cadeira quando morreu.

EN
c) Ela estava sentando naquela cadeira quando ele morreu.
d) Ela estava sentando naquela cadeira enquanto morria.

IM
1. Two hours ago, Mr. Kissinger ________ the dogs and the ducks. e) Ela estava sentada naquela cadeira quando ele morreu.
SC
NA

a) feed b) feeded c) fed d) feeden e) feden 11. The warbler __________ to fly away when the scientist arrived.
DO

2. The ship __________ five weeks ago. a) is trying b) was trying c) tries d) try e) were trying
O

a) sinked b) didn’t sinked c) didn’t sank d) sank e) sunk 12. The telephone rang __________.
IN
ST

3. ______ Mrs. Kennedy ________ her new blue dress last night? a) while she was taking a bath
LE

b) while she is taking a bath

CE

a) Did – wore d) Didn’t – worn c) while she took a bath

b) Did – worn e) Did – wear d) while she has taken a bath
S

c) Does not – wear e) while she had taken a bath

EU
AT

4. Mark the best answer to the question below: 13. What were you doing _________________________
8M

Who telephoned while I was out?

a) When the telephone rang?
79

a) I am not knowing. d) Was Tom. b) When you wake up?

04

b) Tom telephone. e) None of the above applies. c) When your sister calls you?
1

c) Tom did. d) When the alarm clock is ringing?

00

e) When you have a headache?

1

5. That car __________ down last week.

21

14. The train arrived __________________________.

TO

a) broke d) breaks
EN

b) was breaking e) is breaking a) While the bus stopped.

c) will break b) While they opened the gate.
IM

c) While I was having a coffee.

SC

d) While someone called me.

NA

6. They asked me some information about you, but I __________ e) While I tried to talk to my sister.
them anything.
DO

15. Choose the option to complete the text correctly:

a) has to tell d) didn’t told CLAUDE MONET __________ in Paris on 14 November 1840 and
NO

b) to tell e) didn’t tell __________ on 6 December 1926. He __________ a leading member

c) tell of the French Impressionist painters, especially concerned with the
I
ST

effect of outdoor light and shade. He __________ especially noted

LE

7. Check the correct sequence: for his quick, spontaneous style, developed to catch the fleeting
CE

moment. Although now acclaimed as a great French painter, Monet

a) hurt – hurted – hurted d) sing – sang – sang himself, like most artists, never __________ that he had achieved
S

b) come – came – came e) feel – felt – felt

U
TE

168
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
the perfect conclusion of the ideas that were in his mind. 4. Which alternative completes the sentence correctly?

TI
ES
(Adapted from the book "The life and the works of Monet", by Ed- Our teacher_________ the homework assignments when he re-
mund Swinglehurst) membered that Tuesday was a holiday.

L
CE
a) was born – died – was – is – felt
b) borns – dies – is – is – fells a) already gave

S
c) borned – died – was – was – felled b) already given

EU
d) had born – had died – had been – had been – had felt c) was already given

AT
e) is born – died – was – was – fell d) would already give

8M
e) had already given
16. The football player __________ his leg during the last game.

79
Flooding hits parts of Midwest, with evacuations in Michigan

04
a) hurts d) will hurt

01
b) has hurt e) was hurting People living along two mid-Michigan lakes and parts of a river

10
c) hurt were evacuated Tuesday following several days of heavy rain that

21
produced flooding and put pressure on dams in the area.
Two Midland-area schools were opened for evacuees and more

TO
than 50 roads have been closed. The evacuations in Michigan fol-

EN
QUESTÕES AVANÇADAS lowed days of heavy rains in parts of the Midwest that also brought
flooding to Chicago and other parts of Illinois, as well as Ohio and

IM
other states.
SC
“We were laying in bed when I heard sirens,” Jon St. Croix told the
NA

Midland Daily News. “A fire truck was driving around, broadcasting

that (we needed) to evacuate. It’s a scary thing — you’re sleeping
DO

and awake to sirens.”

St. Croix, 62, his wife and a next-door neighbor were among more
O

than a dozen people sheltering in one of the schools. Their home

IN

was not flooded, but St. Croix said he had seen flooding in the area.
ST

Volunteers at the schools said about 120 vehicles were in the park-
LE

ing lots and about 30 people had been staying on cots inside, ac-
CE

cording to WNEM-TV.
1. The contraction 'd (line 04) means www.nbcnews.com
S
EU

a) had. b) would. c) did. d) do. 5. Choose the alternative in which you can find the Past Perfect
AT

Continuous.
8M

2. Choose the option that completes the text below:

a) About 30 people had been staying on cots inside.
79

I had a really funny evening yesterday, Mary. I got talking to this boy b) We were laying in bed when I heard sirens.
04

in the pub, very nice-looking he was, and I could see he _________ c) More than 50 roads have been closed.
1

me. He said he _________ anybody like me before, and he felt I d) Schools were opened for evacuees.
00

_________ a very unusual kind of beauty. Oh, yes? I said. Then he

1

asked me if I _________ a lift home, so I said no, I _________ hungry,

21

so we went out for a curry.

TO
EN

a) was fancying / hadn’t ever met / had / wants / was

b) fancying / have never met / have / want / wasn’t
IM

c) fancied / had never met / had / wanted / was

SC

d) fancies / have never met / haven’t / wanted / am

NA

e) fancied / had never met / hadn’t / wanted / was

DO

3. When Martin ________the car, he took it out for a drive.

NO

a) were washing
b) had washed
I
ST

c) has washed
LE

d) washed
CE

e) was washing
US
TE

169
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
ared.

TI
d) The students have just finished their exams.

ES
10. Choose the verb that completes the sentence below correctly:

L
CE
When the students arrived in the classroom, the exam:

S
EU
a) begins

AT
b) has already began

8M
c) had already began
d) had already begun

79
e) has already begun

04
01
11. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences:

10
21
1- When we came back Tony (already/leave).
2- When we came back home, Tony (leave) at once.

TO
3- The letter (sign) up when Margaret returned.

EN
4- When Margaret returned yesterday the letter (sign) up.

IM
a) leave already – had left – was signed - had signed
SC
b) had already left – left - had been signed – was signed
NA

c) has left already – leave - has been signed – had be signed

d) left already – has left – had signed – will be signed
DO

e) already left – had left – was sign – signed

6. In, “He’d just become the first person ...”, (line 17), the underlined
O

letter is a contracted form of: 12. Which sentence uses the Past Perfect? Choose the CORRECT
IN

answer.
ST

a) did
LE

b) had a) I studied in Paris for four years from 2000 to 2004.

CE

c) could b) I was driving home when the police stopped me.

d) should c) She’s lived in Spain for nearly ten years.
S

d) When Maria got home, they had eaten dinner.

EU

7. Janet was out of breath because ______________.

AT

13. Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?

8M

a) she does run

b) she didn’t run ln 1984, Dallas, Texas, a call to the emergency services ________
79

c) she’s been running catastrophically wrong. An elderly woman _______ breathing in her
04

d) she’s run home. Her son, clearly distressed, _______ 911. His conversation with
1

e) she’d been running the dispatcher soon _______ out of control.

00

(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)

1

8. Read the sentence below. What VERB TENSES are used in it, re-
21

spectively? Choose the CORRECT answer. a) had gone / stopped / had called / spiraled
TO

b) was going / had stopped / has called / was spiraling

EN

“I'd been working for the same company for twelve years when I c) went / has stopped / had called / had spiraled
decided to quit." d) had gone / has stopped / called / was spiraling
IM

e) went / had stopped / called / spiraled

SC

a) Present Perfect Continuous and Past Continuous

NA

b) Past Continuous and Past Perfect 14. In the sentence “A political system in which impunity in politics
c) Past Perfect and Simple Past has been the norm”, the verb phrase in the future perfect tense
DO

d) Past Perfect Continuous and Simple Past becomes:

NO

9. Which sentence uses the Past Perfect? Choose the CORRECT a) will have been
answer. b) would have been
I
ST

c) will have being

LE

a) It was a very clear night. The stars were twinkling. d) will been being
CE

b) I hadn’t been on the train long when I had a bit of a shock.

c) As we were watching it, it suddenly flew away and disappe- 15. A tradução das seguintes frases “Eu estou lendo um livro bem
US
TE

170
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
interessante. Eu o terei lido até semana que vem” seria: B: I __________ with my friends from work. And you?

TI
Were you there?

ES
a) I’m read a very interesting book. I’ll have read it until next A: No, I __________. I __________home.
week.

L
CE
b) I have been reading a very interesting book. I have read it a) Did/ did/ went/ was/ weren't/ was
until next week. b) Were /was /were /go /didn't /went

S
c) I’m reading a very interesting book. I’m reading it until next c) Was /was /did /was /weren't /was

EU
week. d) Were / was / did / went / wasn't / stayed

AT
d) I’m reading a very interesting book. I’ll have read it until next e) Did / did / did / went / didn't / went

8M
week.
21. Complete the sentences using the correct verb tense for the

79
16. Considering only the form of the verb, mark the alternative in verbs in brackets.

04
which the sentence ‘Does my sassiness upset you?’ is in the future

01
perfect. Hanna ______________ (drive) down the road when she

10
______________ (see)the perfect wedding dress on a shop window.

21
a) Would my sassiness have upseted you? Mark usually ______________, (leave) for work early, but today he's a
b) Would my sassiness had upset you? little late because he ______________ (have) problems with his car.

TO
c) Will my sassiness have upset you? Jane ______________ (be)fifteen years old, so she _____________

EN
d) Will my sassiness has upsetted you? (have) a driving license.
e) Will my sassiness has been upsetting you?

IM
Mark the sentence that shows the correct use of verb tenses.
SC
17. Qual das frases abaixo não está no Future Perfect Simple?
NA

a) drove / saw / is leaving / has / has / has

a) They will not have finished the job by January. b) is driving / sees / left / has / is / hasn’t
DO

b) By next October, I will have received my promotion. c) was driving / was seeing / leave / is having / is / have
c) Won't they have arrived by 6 o'clock? d) drives / sees / leaves / was having / has / don’t have
O

d) You are going to meet John tonight. e) was driving / saw / Ieaves / is having / is / doesn’t have
IN

e) I will have spent all my money by this time next year.

ST

22. In “…One day, her mother became pregnant and April had a
LE

18. Choose the right question that we would ask to get the follow- little brother. Her brother was born in February and everybody came
CE

ing answer: She went to an employment agency to get a job. and suggested names for the new baby”, all the underlined verbs
are in the:
S

a) Why does Kate go to an employment agency?

EU

b) Why Kate went to an employment agency? a) past progressive

AT

c) Where did Kate went to get a job? b) simple present

8M

d) Where Kate went to get a job? c) simple past

e) Why did Kate go to an employment agency? d) future
79
04

19. "Did you take the medicine?" 23. Complete the dialogue by choosing the right option:
1
00

"Yes, but when I________ it, it ________ any good." A: Where did you_______yesterday?
1

B: Well, I_______downtown.
21

a) took/doesn't A: What did you_______there?

TO

b) take/didn't do B: I_______shopping. Actually, I________some food in the su-

EN

c) took/didn't do permarket and I_______ to take my husband’s shoes to the

d) took/didn't shoemaker.
IM

e) take/doesn't A: Oh, Did you________Fred there?

SC

B: Yes, I________him. He_______about you.

NA

20. Read the dialogue and mark the right option to fill in the gaps A: So, what did you______?
respectively. B: I______you_______fine.
DO

A: Thanks.
A: Good morning, Pedro!
NO

B: Hi, Anne! How are you? a) go – went – do – went – buy – had – see – saw – asked – say
A: I'm great. And you? – said – were
I
ST

B: I'm OK. b) go – went – do – went – bought – had – see - saw – asked –

LE

A :__________you at Tom's party last night? say – said – were

CE

B: Yes, I _________. c) go – went – did – went – buy – had – see – saw – asked – say
A: Who_________ you go with? – said – were
US
TE

171
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
d) went - go – did – go – buy – have – saw – saw – ask – say – their bodies. When we compare ourselves to the rest of the world,

TI
said – were we are still much thinner,” she tells TIME. “And remember, this is

ES
e) went – went – do – go – buy – had – saw – see – asked – said not just Brazilians that are getting fatter -this is a worldwide phe-
– say – was nomenon.”

L
CE
24. Choose the alternative which contains the correct form of the 25. Which are the simple past forms of the verbs in the fifth para-

S
verbs to fill the gaps in the following sentence: “When I ____________ graph: think (fourth line), tells (seventh line) and getting (eighth

EU
up this morning, it ___________ raining, so I _____________ my um- line), respectively?

AT
brella to ____________ to work.”

8M
a) think, told and got.
a) woke – were – take – go; b) taught, told and gotten.

79
b) woke – is – take – go; c) thought, told and got.

04
c) woke – was – took – go; d) taught, tell and gotten.

01
d) wake – was – take – went;

10
e) wake – is – took – went. 26. When Barbara __________ home last night she __________ so

21
tired that she ________ straight to her bedroom and __________
Brazilian Obesity: The Big Girl from Ipanema asleep.

TO
Published by TIME magazine on April 10th 2009 (The text below has

EN
been slightly modified to better suit the exam) a) arrived; was; went; fell.
1.With thousands of miles of sun-kissed coastline, Brazil is a beach b) arrived; is; went; fell.

IM
nation, one where people like nothing better than to spend week- c) arrived; was; went; felt.
SC
ends and holidays with a cold one on the sand. But the chances of d) arrived; was; go; fell.
NA

spotting suntanned beauties in tiny bikinis are getting smaller and e) arrives; was; goes; fell.
smaller, according to a government study released this week. Re-
DO

search shows that the number of Brazilians suffering from obesity Healing, Ancient vs. Modern
is growing. And the trend toward the fuller figure is most prevalent Your report on the globalization of medicine ("Bypass Surgery and
O

among women. “Obesity among women had stabilized in previ- Tai Chi," Issues 2000 Special Edition, Dec.1999- Feb. 2000) imme-
IN

ous studies, and now there is an expressive increase,” says Deborah diately [TO CATCH] my attention. My final year at Harvard Medical
ST

Malta, the study’s coordinator. “That is very worrying.” School is on hold while I am living in Asia as a U.S. Fulbright scholar
LE

2.Some 13% of Brazilian adults are obese - 12.4% of men and 13.6% studying traditional Chinese medicine.
CE

of women – according to the study, which was carried out in 2008 The ideas between this ancient form and modern-day medicine
among 54,000 people for Brazil’s Health Ministry. Meanwhile, al- are abundant. How is it that for the same species and the same
S

most half (47.3%) of adult males and 39.5% of females are consid- diseases the two approaches can disagree so profoundly? Skeptics
EU

ered overweight. Those figures are still low compared with indus- accuse the traditional practices of being unfounded, imprecise and
AT

trialized nations like the U.S., where more than a third of all adults unscientific. Yet being removed from the impressive technology of
8M

are considered obese (a condition defined by the ratio of weight contemporary medicine has shown me how technology can con-
to height). But Malta says the trend is clear and that Brazil is slowly tribute to medicine's impersonality.
79

moving on the same path. In 1975, similar studies showed that only Sensitivity, a great doctor-patient relationship and the human
04

2.8% of men and 7.8% of women were obese; just seven years ago, touch – I am learning – are the presciption for healing.
1

the numbers were 8.8% and 12.7%. Marsha C. Cheung Hong Kong
00

3.The study, carried out for World Health Day (April 8), covered (Newsweek, March 6, 2000)
1

many health-related topics and offered some contradictory figures

21

as well. ______ Brazilians are getting fatter, they are eating less red 27. A forma correta do verbo TO CATCH nesse contexto seria
TO

meat and more fruits and vegetables, Malta reports. They are smok-
EN

ing less and taking more preventive tests such as mammograms a) catch
and Pap smears. But they are using less sunscreen and drinking b) catches
IM

more, especially to excess and often when driving. c) caught

SC

4.Nevertheless, in body-conscious Brazil, the nation of Gisele Bünd- d) to catching

NA

chen, plastic surgery and minuscule bikinis, it was the obesity fig- e) catching
ures that caused the most anxiety. Any suggestion that the girl
DO

from Ipanema is not necessarily tall and tan and young and lovely, About swine flu
but could possibly be short and pale and fat and ugly, can cause a Swine flu is the common name given to a new strain of influenza
NO

scandal here. When the New York Times reported in 2005 that Bra- (flu). It is called swine flu because it is thought to have originated in
zilians were getting fatter, the correspondent came under attack in pigs, but this is not certain.
I
ST

the media as a gay, Brazilian-hating heretic. The most common symptoms are a fever, sore throat, diarrhea,
LE

5.Indeed, Malta calls that earlier report “disrespectful” and prefers headache, feeling generally unwell and a dry cough. In other words,
CE

to emphasize that Brazilians are relatively slim compared with their the symptoms are very similar to seasonal (regular) flu. Most people
counterparts in the West. “I think Brazilians are still worried about recover within a week, even without special treatment.
US
TE

172
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Pandemic

TI
The virus was first identified in Mexico in April 2009. It has since 31. What time ______________ here last night?

ES
become a pandemic, which means it has spread around the globe.
It has spread quickly because it is a new type of flu virus that few, if a) did they get

L
CE
any, people have full resistance to. b) they got
Flu pandemics are a natural event that occur from time to time. c) do they get

S
Last century, there were flu pandemics in 1918, 1957 and 1968, when d) have they gotten

EU
millions of people died across the world. e) will they get

AT
In most cases the virus has proved relatively mild. However, around

8M
the world more than 1,700 people have died and it is not yet clear 32. He ran to the bus stop but he was late, as a consequence he
how big a risk the virus is. For this reason, and because all viruses _________the bus

79
can mutate to become more potent (stronger), scientists are say-

04
ing we need to be careful. a) saved

01
High-risk groups b) catch

10
Some people are more at risk of complications if they catch swine c) took

21
flu, and need to start taking antivirus as soon as it is confirmed that d) missed
they have the illness. Doctors may advise some high-risk patients e) caught

TO
to take antivirus before they have symptoms, if someone close to

EN
them has swine flu. 33. Read the dialogue below.
People at risk are:

IM
patients who have had drug treatment for asthma in the past three A: Hi, Anna!
SC
years, pregnant women,people aged 65 and over, and children un- B: Good morning, Sue!
NA

der five. A: Tell me, dear,___________ you go to Theo's bday party last
To stop the virus spreading night?
DO

The most important way is to have good respiratory and hand hy- B: oh, yes, I___________ . It was great! I ___________ so much
giene. In other words, always sneeze in to a tissue, and quickly put fun! But I ___________ you there! ___________ you there,
O

it in a bin. Wash your hands and home and work surfaces regularly sweetie?
IN

and thoroughly to kill the virus. A: No, I ___________ . I ___________ at home. What time did you
ST

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pandemic-flu/Pages/Introduction. get home?

LE

aspx B: It___________ about 11 p.m. when I got there!

CE

A: AII right then! See you around!

28. The sentence “millions of people died across the world” in the B See ya!
S

interrogative form is
EU

Mark the option that completes the dialogue correctly.

AT

a) Did millions of people died across the world?

8M

b) Did millions of people dye across the world? a) were / was / did / don't see / Was / not / went / was
c) Did millions of people die across the world? b) did / did / had / didn’t see / Were / wasn’t / stayed / was
79

d) Did millions of people dying across the world? c) will / will / am having / am not see / Do / don’t / am / is
04

e) Did millions of people are dying across the world? d) were / were / did / saw / Were / weren‘t / were / is
1

e) did / did / was having / wasn't / Did / didn’t / stayed / got

00

29. The interrogative form of the sentence: “The French captain

1

learned the language of the indians” is: 34. Read the text to answer question.
21
TO

a) Did the French captain learn the language of the indians? The cost of a cigarette
EN

b) Does the French captain learn the Language of the indians? A businesswoman’s desperate need for a cigarette on an 8-hour
c) Is the French captain learning the Language of the indians? flight from American Airlines ________ in her being arrested and
IM

d) Is the French captain going to learn the language of the in- handcuffed, after she was found lighting up in the toilet of a Boe-
SC

dians? ing 747, not once but twice. She ___________ because she _______
NA

violent when the plane landed in England, where the police subse-
30. “so they did know that they have to evacuate from dangerous quently arrested and handcuffed her. Joan Norrish, aged 33, yester-
DO

structures” (ref 10-15) day ________ the first person to be prosecuted under new laws for
The verb form did is being used in this sentence smoking on board a plane, when she was fined £440 at Uxbridge
NO

magistrates’ court.
a) as a main verb. Adapted from Innovations , by Hugh Dellar and Darryl Hocking.
I
ST

b) to give emphasis.
LE

c) to contradict facts. Choose the best alternative to complete the text using verbs in the
CE

d) to make an indirect question. Simple Past:

e) to invert the subject verb order.
US
TE

173
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) result / were / turning / become

TI
b) resulted / was / turned / become a) Do - Is - don’t - isn’t - don’t

ES
c) resulted / was / turned / became b) Did - Did - didn’t - didn’t - didn’t
d) result / were / turning / became c) Did - Was - didn’t - wasn’t - didn’t

L
CE
d) Do - Do - don’t - don’t - don’t
35. In the sentence “Parents were literally putting their hands over e) Were - Was - wasn’t - wasn’t - wasn’t

S
the kids' hands and saying (...)” the tense of the verbs PUT and SAY

EU
is 39. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.

AT
INFINITE SIMPLE PAST TRANSLATION

8M
a) past perfect continuous.
AWAKE
b) simple past.

79
c) past perfect simple. WAS/WERE

04
d) past continuous. BEAT

01
BECAME

10
36. Complete the sentences with the correct use of the Simple

21
Past and the Past Continuous. BEGIN

TO
BREAK
- I was waiting for the bus when I___________ (see) her.
BROUGHT

EN
- The children ___________ (argue) when the teacher arrived.
- Everyone___________ (listen) to music when the lights BUILT

IM
___________. (go) out. SC
BUY
NA

To fill in the gaps respectively, mark the right option. CATCH

CHOSE
DO

a) saw / was arguing / were listening / went

COME
b) was seeing / was arguing / listened / were
O

c) were weeing / argued / listenned / were COST

IN

d) saw / were arguing / was listening / went

ST

CUT
e) was seing / argued / listened / were going
LE

DO
CE

DRAW
S

DRINK
EU

DROVE
AT

EAT
8M

FELL
79

FED
04

FEEL
1
00

FIGHT
1
21

FIND
TO

FLEW
FORGOT
EN

37. The verbs “got” and “ built” (line 3), are in the
GET
IM

a) Present Perfect tense

SC

GIVE
b) Simple Past Tense
NA

c) Past Progressive WENT

d) Future tense
GROW
DO

38. Which of the alternatives below best completes the dialogue? HAD
NO

• John:_______you watch the soccer game on channel 4 last night? HEARD

• George: No: _____ it good?
I
ST

HIT
• John: Awesome! The visiting team_______score a single goal.
LE

• George: I'm glad I _______ there. I hate to see a visiting team lose. HURT
CE

• John: I _____ _know you were that crazy !!!! Why should the visit-
KEPT
ing team win?
US
TE

174
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
KNEW 11. B 12. B 13. E 14. C

TI
LEARN

ES
APROFUNDAMENTO
LEAVE

L
1. C 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. A

CE
LENT 6. E 7. E 8. C 9. E 10. B

S
LIE 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. A

EU
LOSE 16. C

AT
MAKE

8M
AVANÇADAS
MEAN

79
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. A
MET

04
6. B 7. E 8. D 9. B 10. D
PAID

01
11. B 12. D 13. E 14. A 15. D

10
PUT
16. C 17. D 18. E 19. C 20. D

21
READ
21. E 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C

TO
RING
26. A 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B

EN
RAN
31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D

IM
SAY
36. D SC 37. B 38. C 39. EM SALA
SEE
NA

SOLD
DO

SEND

SING
O
IN

SAT
ST

SLEPT
LE

SPEAK
CE

SPEND
S

STOLE
EU

SWAM
AT

TAKE
8M

TAUGHT
79

TELL
04

THINK
1
00

THREW
1
21

UNDERS-
TOOD
TO

WAKE
EN

WORE
IM

WON
SC

WRITE
NA
DO

GABARITO
GABARITO
NO
I
ST

APRENDIZAGEM
LE

1. E 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C
CE

6. A 7. A 8. E 9. C 10. C
US
TE

175
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
I (eu)

TI
15 You (você)

ES
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
He (ele)

L
CE
She (ela) didn’t use to
used to go out much.
(não costu-
FORMAS COM “USED TO” It (ele, ela) (costumava) (sair muito)

S
mava)

EU
We (nós)
A expressão used to é vista em duas formas, como o simples used

AT
You (vocês)
to e como be used to, apesar da semelhança elas possuem sig-

8M
nificados diferentes. They (eles, elas)

79
Used To + Verbo no Infinitivo Exemplos:

04
O used to é usado para indicar: Afirmativa: I used to live abroad.

01
Negativa: I didn’t use to live abroad.

10
1. Hábitos e atividades regulares do passado que não
ocorrem mais: FORMA INTERROGATIVA

21
My mother used to tell me stories when I was a child. (Minha mãe Forma in- Forma in-

TO
costumava me contar histórias quando eu era criança.) Pronome Complemento
terrogativa terrogativa

EN
I (eu)
She used to study hard. (Ela estudou muito no passado.)

IM
SC You (você)

I used to exercise a lot, but now I'm too lazy to do that. (Eu me ex- He (ele)
NA

ercitava bastante, mas hoje em dia sinto muita preguiça de fazer She (ela)
exercícios.)
It (ele, ela)
DO

go out much?
Did use to
We (nós) (sair muito)
2. Situações no passado que não existem mais:
O

I used to have a dog. (Eu tinha um cachorro.) You (vocês)

IN

I used to live in Los Angeles. (Eu morava em Los Angeles.)

ST

They (eles,
It used to rain more often in the past. (Chovia com mais frequência elas)
LE

no passado.)
CE

Outros exemplos:
S

I used to drive on Saturdays. - Eu dirigia aos sábados. Exemplo:

EU

She used to study Italian. = Ela estudava italiano. Did you use to live abroad?
AT
8M

Estrutura: Used To + Verbo + Ing

Pronome Forma verbal + complemento

79

Essa forma do used to é usada para mostrar que você é acostu-

I (eu)
04

mado com a ideia do verbo, nessa forma a expressão vem acom-

1

You (você) panhado do verbo to be:

00

He (ele)
1

I am used to driving on saturdays. = Eu estou acostumado a dirigir

21

She (ela) used to have a dog 10 years ago.

(costumava ter um cachorro há 10 aos sábados. (afirmativa)
TO

It (ele, ela) anos.)

We (nós)
EN

She is used to studying italian. = Ela está acostumada a estudar

You (vocês) italiano. (afirmativa)
IM

They (eles, elas)

SC

They aren’t used to traveling on Holiday = Eles não estão acos-

NA

Exemplos: tumados a viajar nas ferias/ feriados. (negativa)

She used to have long hair. (Ela costumava ter cabelos longos.) Is she used to going to the gym? = Ela está acostumada a ir para
DO

a academia?
We used to be immature some years ago. (Nós costumávamos
NO

ser imaturos alguns anos atrás.)

I

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
ST

FORMAS AFIRMATIVA E NEGATIVA

LE

Pronome Afirmativa Negativa Complemento

CE

1. Marke statements, negatives or questions with used to:

US
TE

176
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a)Susan / have / a dog? (question)

TI
___________________________________________________________ 1. I'm used to...............alone. Don´t worry.

ES
b)People / have / mobile phones (negative) a) Live b) Liveing c) Living d) Lives e) Lived

L
CE
____________________________________________________________
2. He used to.........his parents every week.

S
c)He / go / swimming (statement)

EU
___________________________________________________________ a) Calling b) Call c) Calls d) Called e) Has called

AT
8M
d)They / like / jazz music? (question) 3. Are you used to............with people that way?
___________________________________________________________

79
a) Deal b)Dealing c) Dealt d) Deals e) Dealeing

04
e)Ewa’s family / live / in Moscow (statement)

01
___________________________________________________________ 4. They used to.............late for work.

10
21
f)We / drink / coffee (negative) a) Show up d) Shown up
___________________________________________________________ b) Showing up e) Shows up

TO
c) Showed up

EN
2. Rewrite each sentence or question with used to. Do not change
the meaning. 5. I used to................to work on foot.

IM
SC
a)I was in the school tennis team. a) Going b) Go c) Went d) gone e) goed
NA

___________________________________________________________
6. Traduza as frases abaixo.
DO

b)Sophie had long hair when she was at school.

___________________________________________________________ a. I can´t get used to such a thing!:......................................................................
O

b. You'd better get used to that!:.....................................................................

IN

c)Mary didn’t listen when her teachers were speaking. c. I didn´t use to like her:.....................................................................................
ST

___________________________________________________________
LE

7. Passe as frases a seguir para o inglês.

CE

d)Ricardo got up at 6.00 when he was training for the Olympics. a. Eu estou acostumado a trabalhar até tarde:............................................
___________________________________________________________ b. Ela costumava ficar com raiva facilmente:.............................................
S

c. Nós estamos acostumados a levantar cedo:.........................................

EU

e)What did you usually do on Saturday evenings?

AT

___________________________________________________________ 8. Assinale a alternativa que expõe corretamente o que está acon-

8M

tecendo na tirinha abaixo:

f)Becky was afraid of dogs when she was a girl.
79

____________________________________________________________
104

g)We always gave our teachers presents at the end of term.

00

____________________________________________________________
1
21

h)Did you live next door to Mrs Harrison?

TO

____________________________________________________________
EN

i)My brother wore glasses when he was small.

IM

____________________________________________________________
SC
NA

j)Did Marcin learn German at school?

____________________________________________________________ a) A mãe pata gostava de pensar que um dia o seu filho talvez
DO

poderia ser presidente

b) A mãe pata ainda sonha que seu filho será presidente.
NO

c) A mãe pata costumava sonhar que um dia o seu filho talvez

poderia ser presidente.
I

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
ST

d) A mãe pata nunca achou que seu filho poderia ser presi-
LE

dente.
CE

Escolha a opção que melhor preenche os espaços em

branco de acordo com as regras de uso de "used to". 9. Assinale a alternativa que expõe corretamente o que está acon-
US
TE

177
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
tecendo na tirinha abaixo: 2.

TI
ES
a) I used to be in the school tennis team.
b) Sophie used to have long hair when she was at school.

L
CE
c) Mary didn’t use to listen when her teachers were speaking.
d) Ricardo used to get up at 6.00 when he was training for

S
the Olympics.

EU
e) What did you use to do on Saturday evenings?

AT
f) Becky used to be afraid of dogs when she was a girl.

8M
g) We used to give our teachers presents at the end of term.
a) O professor faz a pergunta Used to? para indagar se o aluno h) Did you use to live next door to Mrs Harrison?

79
gostava de algo i) My brother used to wear glasses when he was small.

04
b) O aluno disse que costumava odiar fazer testes de mate- j) Did Marcin use to learn German at school?

01
mática

10
c) A palavra should, no segundo quadrinho, tem o mesmo sig-

21
nificado de que used to
APROFUNDAMENTO
d) O aluno disse que gostava de fazer testes de matemática

TO
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B

EN
10. Assinale as alteranativas corretas quanto ao used to:
QUESTÃO 6

IM
a) Used to é utilizado para frases afirmativas, interrogativas e a- Eu não consigo me acostumar a tal coisa.
SC
negativas b- É melhor você se acostumar com isso.
NA

b) Used to é utilizado para expressar desejo c- Eu não gostava dela no passado.

c) Esta expressão remete à hábitos e costumes passados QUESTÃO 7
DO

d) As orações negativas e interrogativas utilizam o verbo au-

xiliar did a- I’m used to working until late.
O

b- She used to get angry easily.

IN

11. He __________ there regularly, but now he never does; c- We are used to waking up early.
ST
LE

a) used to gone 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. E

CE

b) all are incorrect

16
c) was used to go
S

d) used to go CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
EU

e) goes
AT

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

8M

12. Translate into English: Não estamos acostumados a falar inglês.

79

a) We don't use to speak English Corresponde ao nosso futuro do presente e obedece a seguinte
04

b) We're not used to speak English estrutura: will + verb (infinitive without to)
1

c) We're not accustomed speaking English

00

d) We're used not speaking English I will shop tomorrow night.

1

e) We're not used to speaking English Farei compras amanhã à noite.

21
TO

She will make a trip to London next year.

GABARITO
GABARITO
EN

Ela fará uma viagem a Londres ano que vem.

IM

Usos do Simple Future

APRENDIZAGEM
SC

O futuro simples expressa:

NA

1. a) Algo que vai ou deverá acontecer em um futuro não imediato.

DO

a) Did Susan use to have a dog? I’ll study English.

b) People didn’t use to have mobile phones. Eu estudarei inglês.
NO

c) He used to go swimming.
d) Did they use to like jazz music? She will leave soon.
I
ST

e) Ewa’s family used to live in Moscow. Ela partirá em breve.

LE

f) We didn’t use to drink coffee.

CE

b) Uma ação que de fato vai acontecer no futuro, seja ele imediato
ou remoto. Como, por exemplo: “Amanhã eu trago”, “Depois eu lhe
US
TE

178
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
falo”. Situações que ocorrem quando o sujeito da oração propõe

TI
ou se oferece para fazer alguma coisa; concorda ou se recusa a Would you like something to drink, Mr. Parker?

ES
fazer algo; promete fazer alguma coisa. Gostaria de algo para beber, Sr. Parker?

L
CE
That box looks heavy: I’ll help you lift it. Uso da Simple Conditional
Essa caixa parece pesada: vou ajudá-lo a levantá-la. É utilizado, basicamente:

S
a) Para indicar situações que dependem de uma outra para ocor-

EU
Mike was invited, but he says he won’t (will not) go. rer (neste caso, em Conditionals faremos um estudo mais aprofun-

AT
Mike foi convidado, mas ele diz que não vai. dado).

8M
I’ll bring your book tomorrow. She would buy that house if she got the money.
Trarei seu livro amanhã. Ela compraria aquela casa se conseguisse o dinheiro.

79
04
c) Pedir a alguém que faça alguma coisa, dando um tom polido ao They wouldn’t say that if they had the problems we have.

01
pedido (em português, usaríamos um imperativo). Eles não diriam aquilo se tivessem os problemas que nós temos.

10
21
Will you close the window, please? b) Para se referir a uma situação que se imagina que possa acon-
Pode fechar a janela, por favor? tecer.

TO
I would hate to miss the show.

EN
Convém lembrar que, no inglês britânico, costuma-se usar shall Eu odiaria perder o show.
em vez de will na 1ª pessoa do singular (I) e na 1ª pessoa do plural I'd go myself but I can’t, I'm too busy.

IM
(we). Eu mesmo iria, mas não posso, estou bastante ocupado.
SC
I shall travel tomorrow.
NA

Viajarei amanhã. c) Para se fazer pedidos, ofertas ou convites a alguém de maneira

cortês.
DO

We shall work this afternoon. Would you mind sharing a room?

Iremos trabalhar esta tarde. Você se importaria em dividir um quarto?
O

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas Would you go with me to the cinema?

IN

Seguem-se as regras já estudadas, só que agora aplicadas ao verbo Você iria comigo ao cinema?
ST

auxiliar will.
LE

He said that he will not (won’t) do the dishes. Formas Negativas e Interrogativas
CE

Ele disse que não lavará a louça. Seguem-se as regras já estudadas, só que agora aplicadas ao verbo
auxiliar would.
S

Will she come to the show? You would not (wouldn’t) like that movie. It’s very confusing!
EU

Ela virá ao show? Você não gostaria desse filme. Ele é muito confuso!
AT
8M

Won’t they get the money? Would they like to travel with us?
Eles não conseguirão o dinheiro? (Será que) Eles gostariam de viajar conosco?
79
04

Observação: Quando se deseja expressar situações que ocorrerão Wouldn’t you buy this car even if I made a better offer?
1

em um futuro imediato (ações planejadas, pretendidas, ou que

00

representam certo perigo no momento da fala), em inglês, empre- Vocês não comprariam este carro mesmo que eu fizesse uma
1

ga-se a estrutura to be going to. oferta melhor?

21
TO

I’m going to a disco tonight.

OBSERVAÇÕES
EN

Vou a uma boate hoje à noite. OBSERVAÇÕES

IM

I think it’s going to rain. The clouds look ominous.

SC

Eu acho que vai chover. As nuvens parecem ameaçadoras. Quando se quer indicar que uma ação planejada ou preten-
NA

dida não ocorreu ou que foi interrompida por outra ação (ou
Watch out! You’re going to hit that car! algum imprevisto), utiliza-se a estrutura to be going to no
DO

Cuidado! Você vai bater naquele carro! passado.

NO

Simple Conditional Tense I was going to work, but I didn’t feel well and decided to come back
to bed.
I
ST

Corresponde ao nosso futuro do pretérito e obedece a seguinte Eu ia trabalhar, mas não me senti bem e decidi voltar para cama.
LE

estrutura: would + verb (infinitive without to)

CE

Joe would come with us to the show, but he has no money. They were going to make a trip to abroad, but their son wasn’t ap-
Joe viria conosco para o show, mas ele não tem dinheiro. proved in school.
US
TE

179
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Eles iam fazer uma viagem para o exterior, mas o filho deles não Would she be living abroad if she hadn’t children?

TI
foi aprovado na escola. Ela estaria morando no exterior se não tivesse filhos?

ES
I was going to buy some cookies, but I noticed I had no money on me. Uso da Conditional continuous|Progressive

L
CE
Eu ia comprar alguns cookies, mas percebi que não tinha dinheiro.
É utilizada para indicar que uma determinada ação estaria acon-

S
Future Continuous|Progressive Tense tecendo caso uma outra tivesse ou não ocorrido.

EU
They would be playing soccer if it weren’t raining so hard.

AT
É formado através da seguinte estrutura: to be (future) + verb Eles estariam jogando futebol se não estivesse chovendo tanto.

8M
(present participle)
I would be sleeping if our upstairs neighbor weren’t making so

79
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. much noise.

04
Estarei esperando por você quando seu ônibus chegar. Eu estaria dormindo se o nosso vizinho de cima não estivesse fa-

01
Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and hav- zendo tanto barulho.

10
ing a good time. Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

21
Hoje à noite, eles estarão jantando, discutindo os planos deles e As regras são as mesmas dos tempos verbais anteriores.
divertindo-se/tendo um momento agradável.

TO
They wouldn’t be taking summer lessons if they had studied a little

EN
Usos do Future Continuous|Progressive more.
Os principais usos são para expressar: Eles não estariam tendo aulas no verão se tivessem estudado um

IM
a) Ação que estará ocorrendo no futuro. pouco mais. SC
John will be working for another company in two weeks' time.
NA

John estará trabalhando para uma outra companhia dentro de Would you be acting differently with him if he weren’t so stubborn?
duas semanas. Você estaria agindo de forma diferente com ele se ele não fosse
DO

tão teimoso?
I’ll be always thinking of you.
O

Estarei sempre pensando em você. Wouldn’t you be jogging if it weren’t raining?

IN

b) Ação que estará ocorrendo no futuro quando outra terá acon- Você não estaria correndo se não estivesse chovendo?
ST

tecido.
LE

When I arrive, she will not be waiting for me. I feel it.
CE

Quando eu chegar, ela não estará esperando por mim. Eu sinto isso.
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
S

It will probably be raining a lot when I wake up tomorrow morning.

EU

Estará provavelmente chovendo muito quando eu acordar amanhã 1. That's exactly what you __________ experience aboard the high
AT

de manhã. speed Eurostar passenger train.

8M

– A lacuna do texto é corretamente preenchida pela alternativa:

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas
79

Seguem-se exatamente as mesmas regras já estudadas anterior- a) are b) had c) does d) go e) will
04

mente.
1

You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. 2. In the sentence "For the first time in human history, early in the
00

Você não estará esperando por ela quando o avião dela chegar next millennium, there will be more people living in cities than on
1

hoje à noite. the rest of the planet", the future form is used to express a predic-
21

tion. In which of the alternatives below is the future form used to

TO

Will he be studying at the library this afternoon? express a similar idea?

EN

Ele estará estudando na biblioteca esta tarde?

a) Will someone help me with the luggage?
IM

Won’t he be celebrating his victory when we get there? b) It will snow heavily in two days' time.
SC

Ele não estará comemorando a vitória dele quando chegarmos lá? c) If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
NA

d) Don't worry. I'll watch your dog carefully.

Conditional Continuous|Progressive Tense e) Waiter, I'll have some salad for lunch.
DO

Obedece a seguinte estrutura: to be (conditional) + verb (present 3. Na frase "You'll find some monster savings on books at amazon.
NO

participle) co.uk", a forma verbal em YOU'LL indica:

I
ST

They would be working, but felt tired and decided to give a break. a) hábito. d) permissão.
LE

Eles estariam trabalhando, mas sentiram-se cansados e decidiram b) futuro. e) vontade.

CE

fazer um intervalo. c) necessidade.

US
TE

180
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
4. I'm sorry, but I __________ able to meet you for lunch tomorrow. e) will have bought – haven’t

TI
ES
a) haven't been d) won't be 13. She’s __________ all day long. Why __________ she __________
b) can't be e) wasn't a break?

L
CE
c) don't be
a) been working – don’t … take

S
5. Em "If there were no cracks glass would be stronger than steel", a b) being working – don’t … take

EU
forma verbal "would be" significa: c) been working – doesn’t … takes

AT
d) being working – doesn’t … take

8M
a) será. b) foi. c) seria. d) teria sido. e) é. e) been working – doesn’t … take

79
6. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna da 14. Which option does not complete the sentence correctly?

04
frase a seguir: By the time we __________ there, they __________.

01
10
- “What __________ to do when you get to Rio?” a) get – will have already left

21
- “I don't know yet.” b) get – will have already gone away
c) arrive – won’t have left yet

TO
a) are you going d) do you d) show up – will have ever left

EN
b) were you e) you go e) show up – won’t have left yet
c) did you

IM
15. I did not think she __________ come.
SC
7. She __________ make a long trip abroad next semester.
NA

a) was b) were c) would d) don't e) doesn't

a) had b) have c) has d) will e) does
DO

8. She __________ approved if she doesn’t study. GABARITO

GABARITO
O
IN

a) would be d) shall be
ST

APRENDIZAGEM
b) will be e) had been
LE

c) won’t be 1. E 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
CE

6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A
9. The negative form of “They are going to leave tomorrow” is:
11. C 12. B 13. E 14. B 15. C
S
EU

a) They don’t are going to leave tomorrow.

AT

b) They are going not to leave tomorrow.

8M

17
c) They are not going to leave tomorrow.
d) They are won’t going to leave tomorrow. CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
79
04

10. Fill in the gap meaningfully:

THE PERFECT TENSES
1

They __________ a baby in the spring.

1 00

a) are going to have d) shall have To have + verb (past participle)

21

b) went to have e) were having

TO

c) will have been Present Perfect Tense

EN

Talvez o mais perseguido dos tempos ingleses, devido às várias

11. I __________ him to move his car but he __________ he possibilidades de tradução. Sua estrutura é: to have (present) +
IM

__________. verb (past participle)

SC
NA

a) ask – said – wouldn't c) asked – said – wouldn't I've heard that story before.
b) asked – said – won't d) ask – say – won't Já ouvi essa história antes.
DO

12. They __________ that new jeans, but they __________ money Have you ever fallen in love?
NO

enough. Você (alguma vez) já se apaixonou?

I
ST

a) would have bought – hadn’t Has she told you the secret?
LE

b) would have bought – didn’t have Ela te contou o segredo?

CE

c) will have bought – didn’t have I’ve worked really hard nowadays.
d) would have bought – haven’t Tenho trabalhado muito atualmente.
US
TE

181
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
Usos do Present Perfect I’ve played chess with Jim for eight hours.

ES
É usado em casos bem definidos em inglês: Eu joguei xadrez com Jim por oito horas.

L
CE
a) Quando estivermos diante de uma situação no passado na qual - Already (já): Expressa uma ideia de urgência, tempo.
o tempo não for mencionado, devemos usar o presente perfeito, e

S
não o passado simples. Have you already done the class activity?

EU
I have taught you this lesson. – Present Perfect Vocês já fizeram o exercício de classe?

AT
Eu lhe ensinei esta lição.

8M
- Ever (já, alguma vez): Quando se quer saber se em determinada
I taught you this lesson last week. – Simple Past ocasião algo já foi feito.

79
Eu lhe ensinei esta lição semana passada.

04
Have you ever been to London?

01
Mas: Você já esteve em Londres?

10
- Never (nunca): Por seu próprio sentido enseja o uso do Present

21
The Chinese invented the gunpowder.
Os chineses inventaram a pólvora – e não “The Chinese have in- Perfect, pois liga uma ação do passado ao presente. Cuidado tam-

TO
vented the gunpowder”, embora o tempo não seja mencionado. bém com o fato de “never” ser uma palavra negativa, logo o verbo

EN
tem que estar na forma afirmativa (não existe dupla negação em
b) Quando temos uma ação que é prolongada, ou seja, começa no inglês).

IM
passado e vem até o momento da fala, usamos o Present Perfect. SC
They have never talked to me.
NA

My English has really improved since I moved to Australia. Eles nunca falaram comigo.
Meu inglês realmente melhorou desde que eu me mudei para a
DO

Austrália. - Just (há pouco): Dá a ideia de acabar de se fazer alguma coisa.

O

We have lived here for two years. I don’t want to eat anything now. I’ve just had breakfast.
IN

Nós moramos aqui há dois anos. Eu não quero comer nada agora. Eu tomei café da manhã há pou-
ST

co./Eu acabei de tomar café da manhã.

LE

c) Ações que podem ser repetidas dentro do período em que se

CE

fala. Observe que para as quatro últimas palavras, o posicionamento

The army has attacked that city five times. delas deve ser entre os verbos auxiliar e principal.
S

O exército atacou aquela cidade cinco vezes.

EU

- Yet (já – no final de sentenças interrogativas; ainda – no final de

AT

I have had four tests so far this semester. negativas).

8M

Fiz quatro testes até agora neste semestre. Have you prepared our dinner yet?
Você já preparou nosso jantar?
79

Key Words
04

Os vocábulos que veremos a seguir não são de uso exclusivo do No, I haven’t prepared it yet.
1

Present Perfect, entretanto, é necessário que se tenha em mente Não, eu ainda não o preparei.
00

que é preferível utilizar tal tempo quando essas palavras se apre-

1

sentarem em determinadas frases. Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

21

They have not (haven’t) met their parents yet.

TO

- Lately (ultimamente) e recently (recentemente): Vêm, geral- Eles ainda não encontraram os pais deles.
EN

mente, no final da frase.

I have studied very hard lately. Have you seen Rose?
IM

Eu tenho estudado bastante ultimamente. Você viu Rose?

SC
NA

They told me they’ve seen good movies recently. Haven’t they finished the test?
Eles me disseram que têm visto bons filmes recentemente. Eles não terminaram o teste?
DO

- Since (desde): É usado fundamentalmente antes de datas ou Past Perfect Tense

NO

pontos de tempo específicos. Marca o início da ação. Sua estrutura é: to have (past) + verb (past participle)
England has not won the World Cup since 1966.
I
ST

A Inglaterra não ganha a Copa do Mundo desde 1966. I had heard they were planning to move to Boston.
LE

Ouvi dizer que eles estavam planejando se mudar de Boston.

CE

- For (por, há): É usado antes de períodos de tempo. Marca a du-

ração da ação. They still hadn't had any news when I spoke to them yesterday.
US
TE

182
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Eles ainda não tinham notícias quando falei com eles ontem. Você não terá terminado de pagar suas contas até o início do próx-

TI
imo semestre?

ES
Uso do Past Perfect
É utilizado quando temos duas ações na frase e uma ocorre antes Conditional Perfect Tense

L
CE
da outra. A que ocorreu primeiro deve vir no Past Perfect, já a pos- Sua estrutura é: to have (conditional) + verb (past partici-
terior, no Simple Past. ple)

S
EU
When I arrived home, my sister had left. If she'd seen the advertisement, she would have applied for the

AT
Quando eu cheguei em casa, minha irmã havia saído. job.

8M
Se ela tivesse visto o anúncio, ela teria se candidatado ao emprego.
They had not understood the lesson until the teacher explained If it hadn't happened they would have sung better.

79
them. Se isso não tivesse acontecido eles teriam cantado melhor.

04
Eles não entenderam a lição até que o professor explicasse a eles.

01
Uso da Perfect Conditional

10
Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

21
Karen hadn’t done the housework when her boss arrived. É utilizado para expressar ações que deveriam ter acontecido em
Karen não havia feito o serviço doméstico quando o patrão dela um tempo passado.

TO
chegou.

EN
I’d have called her, but I don’t have her new cell number.
Had they already arrived? Eu teria ligado para ela, mas eu não tenho o novo número de ce-

IM
Eles já chegaram? lular dela.
SC
NA

Hadn’t you finished the test when I got there? We would have answered all the questions of the exam.
Você não havia terminado o teste quando eu cheguei lá? Nós deveríamos ter respondido todas as perguntas do exame.
DO

Future Perfect Tense Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

O

Sua estrutura é: to have (future) + verb (past participle)

IN

Leon wouldn’t have said such a thing.

ST

By next November, I will have received my promotion. Leon não deveria ter dito tal coisa.
LE

Por volta de novembro, terei recebido minha promoção.

CE

Would you have helped him if he weren’t so selfish?

You will have perfected your English by the time you come back Você o teria ajudado se ele não fosse tão egoísta?
S

from the U.S.

EU

Você terá aperfeiçoado seu inglês quando voltar dos EUA. Wouldn’t we have come? Why?
AT

Não deveríamos ter vindo? Por quê?

8M

Uso do Future Perfect

É utilizado para expressar ações que terão ocorrido em um deter- Present Perfect Continuous|Progressive Tense
79

minado tempo futuro. Obedece a estrutura: to be (present perfect) + verb (present

04

participle)
1

The train leaves at 8.58, so we'll have arrived in Scotland by lunch-

00

time. I have been working hard all day long.

1

O trem sai às 8h58, então nós teremos chegado à Escócia por volta Estou trabalhando duro o dia todo.
21

da hora do almoço.
TO

She has been waiting for you for two hours.

EN

She will have finished the exam by 4 pm. Ela está esperando por você há duas horas.
Ela terá terminado o exame por volta de 4 da tarde.
IM

Aconselha-se que a tradução do Present Perfect

SC

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas Continuous|Progressive seja feita da mesma forma que o Present
NA

They will not (won’t) have retired before the end of the year. Continuous|Progressive.
Eles não terão se aposentado antes do final do ano.
DO

Usos do Present Perfect Continuous|Progressive

Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she É usado quando:
NO

moves to Beijing? a) Uma ação acontece no passado, desloca-se até o presente e

Ela terá aprendido o suficiente de chinês para se comunicar antes tende a continuar (no Present Perfect ela pode acabar no exato
I
ST

de se mudar para Pequim? instante da fala).

LE

I’ve been sitting here since nine o’clock.

CE

Won’t you have finished paying your debts until the beginning of Estou sentado aqui desde nove horas.
the next semester?
S

It’s been raining all day.

U
TE

183
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Está chovendo o dia todo.

TI
IMPORTANTE
IMPORTANTE

ES
b) Queremos expressar um fato que está em progresso em período
de tempo não específico.

L
CE
I’ve been thinking of looking for a different job. O Future Perfect Continuous|Progressive e a Condi-
Estou pensando em procurar um emprego diferente. tional Perfect Continuous|Progressive são tempos ver-

S
bais que, sim, existem, mas que são muito pouco utilizados,

EU
My back hurts, so I’ve been sleeping on the floor lately. mesmo pelos falantes nativos da língua inglesa. Abaixo, um

AT
Minhas costas doem, então estou dormindo no chão ultimamente. exemplo de cada apenas para que você visualize tais estru-

8M
turas.
Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

79
She has not (hasn’t) been studying hard since this morning.

04
Ela não está estudando duro desde esta manhã. You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her

01
Have you been waiting here for thirty minutes? plane finally arrives.

10
Você está esperando aqui há trinta minutos? Você terá estado esperando por mais de duas horas quando o

21
avião dela finalmente chegar.
Haven’t you been exercising lately?

TO
Você não está se exercitando ultimamente? If she hadn't got a job in London, she would have been working

EN
in Paris.
Past Perfect Continuous|Progressive Tense Se ela não tivesse conseguido um emprego em Londres, ela teria

IM
Obedece a estrutura: to be (past perfect) + verb (present participle) estado trabalhando em Paris.
SC
NA

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
Elas estiveram conversando por mais de uma hora antes que Tony
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
DO

chegasse.
O

Gordon had been working at that company for three years when 1. The Present Perfect Tense is being used in:
IN

it went out of business.

ST

Gordon esteve trabalhando/havia trabalhado/trabalhou naquela a) They have been working hard all night long.
LE

companhia por três anos quando ela faliu. b) She had been cleaning the house for half an hour when we
CE

arrived.
Uso do Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive c) I had arrived at the airport before the plane had left.
S

Serve para descrever uma ação prolongada que ocorreu no passa- d) She had already done the exercises when the teacher asked her.
EU

do por um determinado período de tempo, mas que está termina- e) You look as if you’ve just seen a monster.
AT

da no momento da fala.
8M

2. Você já esteve na Holanda?

I had been reading that book for two weeks.
79

Eu li/estive lendo aquele livro por duas semanas. a) Have you already been in the Netherlands?
04

b) Have you ever been to the Netherlands?

1

I’d been dancing for a long time when Bill entered the room. c) Had you already been in Netherlands?
00

Eu estive dançando por um longo tempo quando Bill entrou na sala. d) Has you ever been to the Netherlands?
1

e) Will you have been to the Netherlands?

21

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

TO

Don’t lie to me! I know you had not (hadn’t) been studying for three 3. Which is the correct sentence?
EN

hours.
Não mintam pra mim! Eu sei que vocês não estiveram estudando a) Have you seen Paulson last week?
IM

por três horas. b) Had you studied yesterday?

SC

c) Did they arrived from Denmark?

NA

Had they been living here for five years? d) Has she bought her new car?
Eles estiveram morando aqui por cinco anos? e) Had you being studying yesterday?
DO

Hadn’t you been jogging for more than an hour before meeting me? 4. Complete the dialogue:
NO

Você não esteve correndo por mais de uma hora antes de me en- “Why didn’t Jane want to go to São Paulo with you?”
contrar? “Because she __________.”
I
ST
LE

a) have already been there c) was there already

CE

b) has already been there d) already gone there

US
TE

184
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
5. Please, John. Don’t touch that door. It __________.

TI
a) was bought d) buy

ES
a) just painted d) has just painted b) did buy e) had bought
b) just has been painted e) was been painted c) have bought

L
CE
c) has just been painted

S
6. A frase “We had been studying for five hours” encontra-se no:

EU
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO

AT
a) Past Perfect Continuous d) Present Perfect

8M
b) Past Perfect e) Past Perfect Simple
c) Present Perfect Continuous Fill in the blanks with the past tense, the present perfect or the

79
present perfect continuous.

04
7. Hey, pal. It __________ a long time.

01
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"?

10
a) been b) has been c) is been d) have been e) has being B: I don't know. I (see, never) ______________________ that movie.

21
8. I __________ since I was fifteen 2. Sam (arrive) ______________________ in San Diego a week ago.

TO
EN
a) smoke d) am smoking 3. My best friend and I (know) _____________ each other for over
b) have smoked e) has smoking fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

IM
c) have been smoking SC
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) __________________ ten
NA

9. Be careful ! He _______just________ the door. very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as fa-
mous as Hemingway.
DO

a) has, been painting d) is painting

b) has, painted e) are painting 5. I (have, not) ________ this much fun since I (be) _________ a kid.
O

c) has, painting
IN

6. Things (change) _____________ a great deal at Coltech, Inc.

ST

10. ________she_______ for a taxi yet ? When we first (start) _______________ working here three years
LE

ago, the company (have, only) ____________ six employees. Sin-

CE

a) Did, rung d) Has, rung ce then, we (expand) _______________ to include more than 2000
b) Is , ringing e) Has, ring full-time workers.
S

c) Does, ring
EU

11. Come on ! I _____ just _____ the truth! 7. I (tell) __________________ him to stay on the path while he was
AT

hiking, but he (wander) _________________ off into the forest and

8M

a) had, told d) did, told (be) ______________ bitten by a snake.

b) have, told e) have, tell
79

c) did, tell 8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) __________________ the
04

bus this morning. You (be) __________________ late to work too

1

12. How much money ________? many times. You are fired!
1 00

a) you have spent d) you spent 9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast,
21

b) have you spent e) have you spend so he (see, never) __________________ the ocean. He should come
TO

c) you spend with us to Miami.

EN

13. He can`t remember staying in a hospital when he ____ a child. 10. How sad! George (dream) __________________ of going to
IM

California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never)

SC

a) was b) has been c) have been d) is e) is being __________________ the ocean.

NA

14. Marque a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna da 11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _______________
DO

frase: They ______________ here for 10 years. much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take)
__________________ two or three months to cross North America
NO

a) work d) have worked by covered wagon. The trip (be) __________________ very rough
b) working e) have work and often dangerous. Things (change) __________________ a great
I
ST

c) has worked deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New
LE

York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

CE

15. Marque a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna da

frase: I _________ a new car. 12. Johnny, I can't believe how much you (change) _______________
S

since the last time I (see) __________________you. You (grow)

U
TE

185
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
__________________at least a foot!

TI
a) left – will not pick

ES
13. This tree (be) __________________planted by the settlers who b) leaves – will pick
(found) _________________our city over four hundred years ago. c) left – won't pick

L
CE
d) leave – will pick
14. This mountain (be, never) __________________ climbed by e) leaves – will not

S
anyone. Several mountaineers (try) __________________ to reach

EU
the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) __________________. The climb

AT
is extremely difficult and many people (die) __________________

8M
trying to reach the summit.

79
15. I (visit, never) ____________Africa, but I (travel) _______________

04
to South America several times. The last time I (go) _______________

01
to South America, I (visit) __________________ Brazil and Peru.

10
I (spend) __________________ two weeks in the Amazon, (hike)

21
__________________for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly)
__________________ over the Nazca Lines.

TO
EN
QUESTÕES AVANÇADAS
IM
SC
NA

1. Which of the alternatives below completes the sentence cor-

rectly?
DO

Juliet and Romeo in the balcony scene: "Oh, Romeo, if my brother

______ (1) us together, certainly he _________ (2) you. Please, go
O

away now."
IN
ST

a) will see - will kill

LE

b) sees - will kill 5. Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed cor-
CE

c) see - kill rectly:

d) will see - kill
S

e) will see- will kill a) is

EU

b) was
AT

2. Choose the answer with the verbs that appropriately complete c) will be
8M

the sentences below: d) would be

Anna __________ go to school today because she __________ walk.
79

Her mother told her she __________ see a doctor. Read the fragment from the text.
04
1

a) will -- must - should “When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and around
00

b) must - can't - will Namibia for three weeks.” (lines 19, 20 and 21)
1

c) can't - should - must

21

d) won't - can - must 6. Because it is a plan, it is possible to rewrite the sentence substi-
TO

e) won't - can't – should tuting the underlined part for:

EN

3. Mary: "I am about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!" a) am traveling.

IM

Clare: "I______you some coffee." b) like traveling.

SC

c) am going to travel.
NA

a) 'll go d) can travel.

b) am going to get e) traveled.
DO

c) will get
d) am going to get to 7. Complete the sentence with the appropriate word.
NO

e) will go to get “Even though it`s _______, I _______ go to the beach”

I
ST

a) snowing/have
LE

4. Billy: “After you _____work, will you please drop by the grocery b) windy/don`t
CE

store and pick up some milk and bread.” Sally: "No problem, I ____up c) raining/will
the groceries and be home by 6 o'clock." d) sunny/did
US
TE

186
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
8. Choose the answer with the verbs that appropriately complete c) He's loving New York!

TI
the sentences below. d) She's moving next week.

ES
The children ______________ play outside today because of the
rain. As a result, they _________________ stay home and watch TV. 13. Assinale a alternativa que contém uma frase que faz referência

L
CE
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, they _________________ be able to ride a um evento no futuro.
their bikes in the street.

S
a) She has been studying since last week.

EU
a) must – can’t – will b) I missed school yesterday.

AT
b) will – must – should c) All the people are leaving the room.

8M
c) won’t – can’t – must d) I'm coming back next Monday
d) can’t – should – will

79
e) won’t – can’t – should

04
01
9. Chose the best alternative that has the same meaning as the

10
sentence bellow:
He will talk to his brother after school.

21
TO
a) He going to talk to his brother after school.

EN
b) He's going talk to his brother after school. 14. What is the main verb tense used in the dialogue above?
c) He's going to talk to his brother after school.

IM
d) He is going talk to his brother after school. a) Simple Past
SC
e) He going to talk his brother after school. b) Simple Future
NA

c) Simple Present
d) Present Continuous
DO

15. What are the existing verb tenses in the following sentence
O

taken from the text?

IN

"The Earth is changing, and this satellite will help deepen our un-
ST

derstanding of how,"
LE
CE

a) Present Continuous and Simple Future.

b) Simple Present and Future Perfect.
S

c) Past Perfect Continuous and Future Continuous.

EU

d) Present Continuous and Future Perfect Continuous

AT
8M

10. In the cartoon, the future tense is used to express 16. O negativo da frase “It will be decommissioned and dismantled”
é:
79

a) a plan. a) It didn’t will be decommission and dismantle.

04

b) an order. b) It woudn’t be decommissioned and dismantled.

1

c) a possibility. c) It will not be decommissioned and dismantled.

00

d) a prediction. d) It isn’t been decommissioned and dismantled

1

e) an offer.
21

17. Look at the picture. Based on what you can see, choose the
TO

11. Choose the correct alternative: CORRECT answer.

EN

A: Brrr. Who turned up the air conditioner? It’s really cold in here. My
nose and my fingers are cold.
IM

B: I __________ you a hot cup of tea. A: Thanks. That sounds good.

SC
NA

a) will bring
b) won’t bring
DO

c) will not break

d) will break
NO

e) won’t break
I
ST

12. Point the sentence that doesn't indicate Future. “He _________ his hand if he touches that hot pan.”
LE
CE

a) She's going to tell me the whole story this afternoon. a) Burns.

b) It’ll take me 5 min to end it. b) Is going to burn.
US
TE

187
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
c) Has burnt.

TI
d) Will burn. 22. All the boldfaced verb phrases express a future action, EXCEPT

ES
in
18. Look at the picture. Based on what you can see, choose the

L
CE
CORRECT answer. a) “The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United
“The postman _________ the letter.” States, deep declines in the cost of renewables and growing

S
electrification are changing the face of the global energy

EU
system”

AT
b) “the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewa-

8M
bles and natural gas as fast-declining costs turn solar power
into the cheapest source of new electricity generation”

79
c) “WEO-2017 (…) finds that over the next two decades the

04
global energy system is being reshaped by four major for-

01
ces”

10
d) “meanwhile in the European Union, wind becomes the lea-

21
ding source of electricity soon after 2030”
e) “the United States is projected to become the world’s lar-

TO
gest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that

EN
decade.”

IM
a) Delivered. 23. In the sentence “I truly think she will always be full of enthusi-
SC
b) Is going to deliver. asm!”, “will” is
NA

c) Deliver.
d) Will deliver. a) the auxiliary verb of the simple future.
DO

b) the auxiliary verb of the past continuous.

19. Look at the picture. Based on what you can see, choose the c) in the past form.
O

CORRECT answer.. d) in the imperative.

IN

“He ______ the ball.” e) the principal verb of the sentence.

ST
LE

24. He _____ me up as soon as his daughter _____ home.

CE

a) calls – will get

S

b) will call – gets

EU

c) called – get
AT

d) called – will get

8M

e) calls – got
a) kicking
79

b) is going to kick
04

c) has kicked
1

d) will kick
00
1
21

20. For the question, fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.
TO

Adam: Are you _______________ go out of the town this weekend?

EN

Tom: Yes, I am. I am going to visit my grandparents.

IM

a) will
SC

b) going to
GABARITO
GABARITO
NA

c) like
d) don't
DO

APRENDIZAGEM
21. Considering verb tenses for future, choose the CORRECT alter-
NO

native: 1. E 2. B 3. D 4. B
I

5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C
ST

a) We will to Spain in June.

9. B 10. D 11. B 12. B
LE

b) What are you doing this evening?

13. A 14. D 15. C
CE

c) They haven’t said when it is going to be ready.

d) They are going to marry.
US
TE

188
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
APROFUNDAMENTO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
1.

ES
1. have never seen,

L
CE
2. arrived, Chennai floods: Know which flights are
3. have known, cancelled!

S
4. wrote,

EU
5. haven’t had/ was, New Delhi: In the wake of incessant rain and hea-

AT
6. have changed/started/ had/ have expanded, vy downpour in Chennai leading to floods that have affected

8M
7. told/ wandered/ was, normal lives, various domestic flights have cancelled their ser-
8. missed/ have been, vices to and from the city.

79
Leading domestic carrier IndiGo airlines announced
9. has never seen,

04
on its official Facebook page that few flights connecting to
10. had dreamed/ has never seen,

01
Chennai for Thursday have been cancelled.
11. became/ took/ was/ have changed,

10
“Flight operations to and from Chennai have been
12. have changed/ saw/ grew,

21
affected due to heavy rains. Few flights connecting following
13. was/ founded, cities to Chennai are cancelled for tomorrow - Hyderabad,

TO
14. has never been/ have tried/ has ever succeeded/ died, Mumbai, Kochi, Kolkota,Pune, Coimbatore, Delhi & Vizag”, the

EN
15. have never visited/ have traveled/ went/ visited/ spent/ company said on its official FB page.
hiked/ flew. The company, however, assured that all passengers

IM
would be
SC
AVANÇADAS
refunded 100 percent.
NA

1. B 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. C Adapted from: http://zeenews.india.com/business/

news/companies/chennai-floods-know-which-flights-are-cancel-
6. C 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C
DO

led_1829506.htm
11. D 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
O

16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. B 1. Considering the underlined expression in the sentence “Fli-
IN

ght operations to and from Chennai have been affected due to

ST

21. B 22. B 23. A 24. A

heavy rains” (lines 8 and 9), it is correct to say that
LE
CE

a) the present perfect tense was used to refer to a tempo-

rary continuing action.
S

b) the present perfect tense was used to announce news

EU

of a recent event.
AT

c) the past perfect tense was used to say that something

8M

was in progress.
d) the simple past tense was used to announce an earlier
79

past.
04
1

The Last Dalai Lama?

1 00

On a wet Sunday in June at the Glastonbury Festival,

21

more than 100,000 people spontaneously burst into a rendi-

TO

tion of ‘‘Happy Birthday.’’ Onstage, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Da-

EN

lai Lama, blew out the solitary candle on a large birthday cake
while clasping the hand of Patti Smith, who stood beside him.
IM

The world’s most famous monk then poked a thick finger at

SC

Smith’s silvery mane. ‘‘Musicians,’’ he said, ‘‘white hair.’’ But ‘‘the

NA

voice and physical action,’’ he added in his booming baritone,

‘‘forceful.’’ As Smith giggled, he went on: ‘‘So, that gives me
DO

encouragement. Myself, now 80 years old, but I should be like

you — more active!’’
NO

Taken from www.nytimes.com. Acessed on 14/12/15.

I
ST

2. The correct form of the sentence “more than 100,000 peo-

LE

ple burst into a rendition of ‘Happy Birthday’ ” (lines 2 and 3) in

CE

the present perfect is:

US
TE

189
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
a) More than 100,000 people has bursted into a rendition a) T – F – F c) F – T – F

ES
of Happy Birthday. b) T – F – T d) F – F – T
b) More than 100,000 people have bursted into a rendition

L
CE
of Happy Birthday. Read the text and answer the question:
c) More than 100,000 people have burst into a rendition of

S
Happy Birthday. Inside Lilium, The World’s First Vertical Takeoff And

EU
d) More than 100,000 people has burst into a rendition of Landing Private Jet

AT
Happy Birthday

8M
Wonder what’s in store for the future of private jet
3. Chose the correct option to complete this paragraph. flying? Here’s a glimpse. A start-up company – hosted in a Eu-

79
ropean Space Agency (ESA) business incubator center in Ba-

04
Pamela is absolutely dedicated to work. She is a doctor and varia – released an idea for an egg-shaped two-seater plane

01
director of a university department where she has ______ a lot called Lilium that’s currently in the works. With a top speed of

10
of research on anesthesiology. She has also ______ grants from 250 mph and a range of 300 miles, the plane can travel roughly

21
federal and private organizations and has______ her projects all between Munich and Berlin in about 90 minutes. And accor-
over the world to be presented at professional meetings. ding to the ESA, if testing succeeds, this _____ the world’s first

TO
vertical takeoff and landing private jet. The project came about

EN
a) do/win/took when Daniel Wiegand – one of the four founders of
b) did/won/taken Lilium – wanted to realize flying for the masses in a fast, inex-

IM
c) did/won/took pensive, efficient and eco-friendly way. ‘Our goal is to develop
SC
d) done/won/took an aircraft that doesn’t need the complex and expensive in-
NA

e) done/won/taken. frastructure of an airport, can be used close to urban areas, and

doesn’t produce too much noise and pollution,’ he said. So to
DO

4. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: produce this new class of airplanes that could take off and land
vertically anywhere with a surface area of 250 square feet by
O

1. Where have you been? I ______ for you for two weeks! 2018, Wiegand and his team in Germany came up with a design
IN

2. Their bus __________at 3:00 p.m. using electric engines and incorporated movable fan turbines.
ST

3. Tim __________to the beach, when he heard the weather fo- Fonte: www.forbes.com
LE

recast and changed his mind.

CE

4. Research _____________ that excessive sue of cell phones Glossary

may cause headaches. Glimpse – uma ideia para entender melhor algo
S

5. When the police arrived, the thieves __________.

EU

6. Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed

AT

a) have been looking / has arrived / drove / showed / had correctly:

8M

run away
b) am looking / has arrived / was driving / has shown / has a) is c) will be
79

run away. b) was d) would be

04

c) have been looking / has arrived / drove / has shown /

1

ran away.
00

d) have been looking / arrives / was driving / has shown /

1

had run away.

21

e) am looking / arrives / was driving / showed / ran away.

TO
EN

5. Write (T) for true and (F) for false according to the explana-
tion of the tenses in parenthesis.
IM

7. Choose the best alternative that completes the first balloon.

SC

( ) When you are looking back from a point in past time, and
NA

you are concerned with the effects of something which happe- a) I have c) I’ll have
ned at an earlier time in the past. (Past perfect ) b) I’d have d) I’ve had
DO

( ) When you are concerned with the present effects of some- 8. Choose the alternative that is NOT in the Simple Past:
thing which happened at an indefinite time in the past. (past
NO

perfect continuous) a) A man has chosen to occupy his free time revitalizing
( ) When you are talking about something which continued to a square.
I
ST

happen before and after a particular time. (past continuous) b) People congratulated the man for the gradual changes
LE

in the square.
CE

Choose the alternative that corresponds to the right order.

US
TE

190
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
c) He planted a number of pau-brasil, palm and banana CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

ES
trees. WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
d) Residents noticed the square’s changes

L
CE
Brazil takes on the European Refugee Crisis

S
18

EU
In 2016 significantly less refugees _____in Europe CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

AT
than the year before. The Organization for Migration and the

8M
EU border agency Frontex have reported a notable decline in
the number of migrants arriving on Europe’s shores by nearly THE SUBJUNCTIVE AND THE IMPERATIVE

79
two-thirds. These numbers, however, are by no means an in-

04
dication of improvement in the international situation of re- The Subjunctive

01
fugees. It’s evident that something has to change in the inter- É o modo verbal que expressa dúvida, incerteza, condição ou

10
national mindset to bring an end to the enduring human rights desejo, aparecendo geralmente em orações dependentes (De-

21
violations concerning millions of people. Surprisingly, a poten- pendent Clauses). Sua formação normalmente dá-se a partir da
tial wind of change has come from Brazil, a country facing a utilização do infinitivo sem to e é muito comum ser usado após

TO
deep economic and political crisis. Brazil is one of the biggest determinadas expressões.

EN
recipients of refugees in
Latin America. In 2013 they introduced a humanitarian visa I suggest that he study.

IM
program for Syrians, processing 8.450 humanitarian visas on Eu sugiro que ele estude.
SC
basis of which more than 2.000 Syrian refugees have already
NA

settled in Brazil. Is it really essential that we be there?

Brazil has several reasons to pursue a recipient im- É realmente essencial que estejamos lá?
DO

migration policy. Receiving immigrants from all over the world

helps to boost the country’s international reputation and to Don recommended that you join the committee.
O

turn around its negative image regarding a high crime rate and Don recomendou que você entrasse no comitê.
IN

an even higher external debt. Immigrants in Brazil also seem

ST

to be perceived as less as a (financial) burden than in many Em inglês, o subjuntivo só é notado com mais facilidade em certas
LE

European countries. formas e tempos verbais, em especial quando o sujeito é a 3ª pes-

CE

Fonte: www.dailymail.com.uk soa do singular:

S

9. Choose the best verbal form to have the text completed You try to study often. – Simple Present
EU

correctly: Você tenta estudar com frequência.

AT
8M

a) arrive c) have arrived It is important that you try to study often. – Subjunctive
b) had arrived d) have been arriving É importante que você tente estudar com frequência.
79
04

10. Read the text and answer question. He tries to study often. – Simple Present
1

Ele tenta estudar com frequência.

00

Sam’s adventure
1

It is important that he try to study often. – Subjuntivo

21

It’s a very hot Texas night; 35ºC! Sam can’t sleep. He’s hot and É importante que ele tente estudar com frequência.
TO

he’s hungry. He goes to the kitchen. He cooks some fried bana-

EN

nas. But he forgets to turn off the gas. He leaves the kitchen and Dentre os verbos seguidos de subjuntivo destacamos:
goes to the pool. His parents are asleep; they don’t know about
IM

his adventure.He’s in the water-alone! To advise (aconselhar)

SC

Mmm, It’s cool! Suddenly he gets cramp in his legs and he can’t To ask (pedir, perguntar)
NA

swim. He looks at the house and it’s on fire. Sam’s parents are in To command (comandar)
there and he must help them. He is desperate. To demand (exigir)
DO

To desire (desejar)
The underlined words in the text are To insist (insistir)
NO

To propose (propor)
a) adjectives. To recommend (recomendar)
I
ST

b) countable nouns. To request (pedir)

LE

c) verbs in the simple present tense. To suggest (sugerir)

CE

d) verbs in the present continuous tense. To urge (pedir com insistência)

S

He advised that I stop smoking.

U
TE

191
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Ele aconselhou que eu parasse de fumar. É recomendado que ele leve um galão de água com ele se ele quer

TI
caminhar até a base do Grand Canyon.

ES
Dr. Adrian asked that Mark submit his research paper before the
end of the month. O subjuntivo também pode ser usado em sentenças negativas,

L
CE
A Dr. Adrian pediu que o Mark apresentasse a dissertação dele an- contínuas/progressivas e passivas.
tes do final do mês.

S
The Queen commands that he attend the ceremony. The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.

EU
A rainha ordena que ele compareça à cerimônia. O chefe insistiu que Sam não esteja na reunião.

AT
8M
The manager demands that the car park stay locked at night. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone
O gerente exige que o estacionamento fique trancado à noite. calls during business hours.

79
A empresa pediu aos empregados que não aceitem ligações pes-

04
The teacher insists that her students be on time. soais durante o horário de trabalho.

01
A professora insiste que os alunos dela cheguem na hora.

10
I suggest that you not take the job back without renegotiating the
Carol proposed that we all go together.

21
salary.
Carol propôs que fôssemos todos juntos. Eu sugiro que você não aceite o trabalho de volta sem renegociar

TO
o salário.

EN
Donna requested Frank come to the party.
Donna pediu que Frank viesse à festa. Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.

IM
Jake recomendou que Susan seja contratada imediatamente.
SC
He urged that the manager hire a new employee to help things run
NA

more smoothly. Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotia-
Ele insistiu que o gerente contrate um novo funcionário para aju- tions.
DO

dar as coisas a fluírem mais tranquilamente. Christine exigiu que eu fosse autorizado a fazer parte das nego-
ciações.
O

Algumas expressões também pedem o uso do subjuntivo. Desta-

IN

camos: We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.

ST

Nós sugerimos que você seja admitido na organização.

LE

It is best (that)
CE

It is crucial (that) It is important that you be standing when he gets off the plane.
It is desirable (that) É importante que você esteja de pé quando ele sair do avião.
S

It is essential (that)
EU

It is imperative (that) It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting
AT

It is important (that) is over.

8M

It is recommended (that) É crucial que um carro esteja esperando pelo chefe quando a re-
It is urgent (that) união tiver acabado.
79

It is vital (that)
04

It is a good idea (that) I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets
1

It is a bad idea (that) home.

00

Eu proponho que todos nós estejamos esperando no apartamento

1

It is best that you stay at home. de Tim quando ele chegar lá.
21

É melhor que você fique em casa.

TO

O verbo to be é usado na forma were em todas as pessoas do sin-

EN

It is crucial that you be there before Tommy arrives. gular e do plural quando, na oração, if (“se”), wish (“quisera”, “gos-
É crucial que você esteja lá antes que Tommy chegue. taria”) ou would that (“tomara”, “quem dera”) se fizer presente:
IM
SC

It is essential everyone follow the rules. If I were the boss, I would fire him.
NA

É essencial que todos sigam as regras. Se eu fosse o chefe, eu o demitiria.

DO

It is imperative that you be truthful about what happened. Would that I were here a millionaire!
É imperative que você seja sincero sobre o ocorrido. Quem me dera eu fosse um milionário.
NO

It is important she attend the meeting. I wish he weren’t so selfish.

I
ST

É importante que ela compareça à reunião. Gostaria que ele não fosse tão egoísta.
LE
CE

It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he O Modal Verb should pode equivaler ao subjuntivo em determina-
wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon. das frases:
US
TE

192
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Do clean your teeth before going to the dentist.

TI
The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about Limpe bem os seus dentes antes de ir ao dentista.

ES
the problem.
O médico recomendou que ela consultasse um especialista sobre Do study hard to the final exam.

L
CE
o problema. Estude bastante para o exame final.

S
Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for Apesar de raramente, o imperativo também pode ser acompan-

EU
the final exam. hado de pronomes indefinidos e assumir a -ING Form:

AT
O professor William sugeriu que Wilma estudasse mais intensam-

8M
ente para o exame final. Everybody running!
Todo mundo correndo!

79
The Imperative

04
Para construí-lo, na forma afirmativa, basta eliminar o to do infini- Somebody clean it to me!

01
tivo, e na forma negativa, acrescentar don’t. É utilizado para dar Alguém o limpe pra mim!

10
conselhos, instruções, ordens, sugestões, pedidos, além de servir
Nobody speak/speaking!

21
para encorajar ou estimular alguém:
Ninguém fala/falando!

TO
Try this coat on. It is very nice and cheap.

EN
Experimente este casaco. Ele é muito bom e barato. O imperativo sugestivo é feito através da utilização da expressão
Let’s (Let us) anteposta ao verbo principal:

IM
Go, Bulls, go! SC
Vai, Bulls, vai! Let’s go out tonight!
NA

Vamos sair hoje à noite!

Call a cab for me, please.
DO

Chame um táxi pra mim, por favor. Let’s travel together next holiday.
Vamos viajar juntos no próximo feriado.
O

Don’t be a coward!
IN

Não seja um covarde!

ST

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
LE

Don’t say such a thing!

CE

Não diga esse tipo de coisa!

1. If he plans to travel to abroad, it’s indispensable that he __________
S

O pronome you (2ª pessoa do singular ou do plural) é o sujeito a passport.

EU

implícito dos verbos no imperativo da língua inglesa. Sua presença

AT

na frase, seja ela afirmativa ou negativa, serve para atribuir ênfase: a) gets b) have c) will get d) get e) has got
8M

(You) Clean my bedroom for me, please. 2. Indique a alternativa que completa corretamente a seguinte frase:
79

(Você) Limpe meu quarto por mim, por favor. I suggested that he __________.
104

(You) Stop making noise, I’m talking on the phone. a) do not marry her d) not marry her
00

(Vocês) Parem de fazer barulho, estou falando ao telefone. b) wouldn’t marry her e) not marry she
1

c) not to marry her

21

You shut up, guy!

TO

Você, cale-se, rapaz! 3. If he was smarter, he would _____ more shares of stock market.
EN

You stop talking, guys! a) buy b) to buy c) buying d) bought e) has bought
IM

Vocês, calem-se, rapazes!

SC

4. He asked her __________ the meeting.

NA

Don’t you write on the wall!

Não escreva na parede! a) attends d) attend
DO

b) to attend e) would attend

Don’t you talk to me! c) attending
NO

Não fale comigo!

5. It’s advisable that this bill __________ today if we want to avoid
I
ST

Outra maneira de se atribuir ênfase a uma frase imperativa no in- problems.

LE

glês é através do acréscimo do auxiliar "do" junto ao verbo prin-

CE

cipal: a) is paid d) to be pay

b) be paid e) will be paid
US
TE

193
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
c) be paying ing to an interview for a job, the candidate should be careful

TI
6. It was essential that we __________ as soon as possible. __________.

ES
a) should not vote d) should be to vote a) to not over dress d) do not over dress

L
CE
b) should vote e) should not to be voted b) to do not over dress e) not over dress
c) should voting c) not to over dress

S
EU
7. __________ a shower and __________ to bed. It’s late! 14. Leia a frase e preencha a lacuna:

AT
By signing below, I ask that an account __________ opened for me

8M
a) To take – go d) Take – to go and Card(s) issued as I request, and that you renew and replace
b) To take – going e) Taking – going them until I cancel.

79
c) Take – go

04
a) to be b) are c) is d) will be e) be

01
8. Observe a figura:

10
15. Would you mind coming with me? I'd like __________.

21
a) you to come d) you coming

TO
b) to come e) you come

EN
c) coming

IM
SC
NA

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
DO

– Qual alternativa possui o Imperative Mood?

O

a) Just sit there and do nothing…

IN

b) …while I move our heavy furniture…

ST

c) …lift our heavy rugs!!

LE

d) Okay, Helga.
CE

e) She doesn’t want me to hurt my back!

S

9. Fill in the blanks correctly:

EU

__________ early tomorrow and __________ our e-mail.

AT

1. (EEAR 2018) In the first balloon, the verbs “watch” and “learn” are
8M

a) Let’s not get up – check d) Let’s get up – to not check respectively in the
b) Let’s get up – checking e) Let’s get up – check
79

c) Let us get up – to check a) imperative mood – imperative mood

04

b) imperative mood – subjunctive mood

1

10. _______ careful! _______ your telephone number to strangers. c) subjunctive mood – imperative mood
00

d) subjunctive mood – subjunctive mood

1

a) Be – Don’t give d) Be – Does not give

21

b) Be – Give e) To be – Give 2. (EPCAR 2017) The sentence “Don't give up” (line 29) in the affir-
TO

c) Being – Do not give mative form is

EN

11. __________ at me, Alex! I’m talking to you. a) giving up. c) I gave up.
IM

b) I give up. d) give up.

SC

a) To look b) Looking c) Look d) Looks e) Looked

NA

3. (EN 2016) Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph

12. Fill in the blanks correctly: below?
DO

If you _______ some money, _______ it within your own company.

How to prepare yourself for entrance exams
NO

a) had – invest d) had had – invested

b) have – invest e) would have – had invested While you are studying for the test, ______ the time to anticipate
I
ST

c) have – had invested what obstacles you might encounter when taking the actual test.
LE

A helpful tool for doing this will be the practice tests: ______ which
CE

13. A melhor forma de concluir a sentença a seguir é: questions trip you up the most. Then, ________ up with strategies
Although personal appearance is of great importance when go- for handling those minor issues while you take your exam.
US
TE

194
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
(http://www.wikihow.com/Prepare-Yourself-for-Entrance-Exams) show) him my license, but I did!

TI
h) It is critical that you (not eat / do not eat / did not eat) anything

ES
a) are taking/notice/comes the night before your surgery.
b) takes/noticing/coming

L
CE
c) take/notice/come 8. Unscramble the sentences.
d) takes/noticing/come

S
e) take/noticing/coming a) suggested / I / they / scenic / route. / the / take

EU
I suggested they take the scenic route.

AT
4. ESSEX 2009_____ your books. We'll need them in class today.

8M
b) students / the / be / recommend / I / that / polite.
a) No forget c) Don't forget ___________________________________________________________

79
b) Forget not d) Forget

04
c) citizens / taxes. / The / insists / that all / pay / government

01
___________________________________________________________

10
21
d) demanded / The father / a traditional / have / wedding. / daugh-
ter / his / that

TO
___________________________________________________________

EN
IM
SC
NA
DO

5. (EEAR 2010) The verbs “stop and think”, (line 3), are being used 9.
O

in the The term “Wake me up”, in the comic strip, is in the

IN
ST

a) future. c) simple past. a) Present Continuous

LE

b) imperative. d) simple present. b) Imperative

CE

c) Future
6. (EN 2012) Which is the correct alternative to complete the follo- d) Past
S

wing instructions?
EU
AT

(1)_____ a game card in the card slot. (2)_____ power. Important:

8M

(3)____ insert or remove cards when the power is on as it damages

the machine. (4) _____ the game card icon.
79
04

a) Insert - Press - Do not - Tap

1

b) To insert - To press - To do not - To tap

00

c) Insert - Press - Do - To Tap

1

d) Insert - To press - Do - Tap

21

e) To insert - Press - Do not – Tap

TO
EN

7. Circle the correct answers.

IM

a) Victor suggested that I (gets / got / get) more exercise.

SC

b) They demanded that we (do not be / are not being / not be) so
NA

loud. 10. The activity above helps teaching:

c) I recommend that you (look / looking / to look) for a job that
DO

isn’t so stressful. a) Interrogative words

d) Nina asked that we (not disturb / did not disturb / are not disturb) b) Comparative
NO

her. c) Plural of nouns

e) The weather reporter said it was advisable that we (taking / take d) Imperative mood
I
ST

/ to take) an umbrella today. e) Subjunctive mood

LE

f) The owner of the restaurant requested that he (smokes / smoke

CE

/ to smoke) outside.
g) The police offi cer insisted that I (not show / didn’t show / to not
US
TE

195
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
11. a circular process. Filled with good intentions, you try to keep your-

TI
self scrupulously clean by using flushable wipes. But the unexpec-

ES
ted result is that this leads to itching and the feeling that you have
hemorrhoids.

L
CE
3. Don’t treat the bathroom like a library
Think of your time in the bathroom as a necessity, not an ex-

S
tended escape. If your toilet has stacks of magazines or books on

EU
the water tank, consider moving them to another room. Why? The

AT
more time you spend on the toilet, the more likely you will strain

8M
for bowel movements. Also, the seated position puts extra stress
on your anal blood vessels. Both of these factors boost your risk of

79
What is the verbal mood used in the second panel? hemorrhoids.

04
4. Get enough fiber in your diet

01
a) Subjunctive. The goal is to eat 25 to 35 grams of fiber each day. The lack of fiber

10
b) Indicative. in the American diet is perhaps the major problem that leads to

21
c) Imperative. issues with constipation.
d) Infinitive. One of the challenges is that not all natural sources are equal in

TO
the amounts of fiber they contain, so you don’t always get a con-

EN
12. About the imperatives, consider the affirmatives below: sistent amount of fiber intake every day, depending on what you
I. Try always tell the truth. eat. One day a bowl of oatmeal may do it. Another day a serving of

IM
II. Never do that again! broccoli may not.
SC
III. Do be quiet! Of course, each person’s needs are different, too, so you have to
NA

The CORRECT item(s) is(are): find what works best for your body. 5. Avoid dehydration if you
have diarrhea
DO

a) Only I. The biggest danger with a short bout of diarrhea is dehydration, or

b) Only I and II. the loss of water and nutrients from the body’s tissues. You could
O

c) Only II and III. become dehydrated if you have diarrhea more than three times
IN

d) All of them. a day and are not drinking enough fluids. Dehydration can cause
ST

serious complications if it is not treated. The best way to guard

LE

TEXT against dehydration is to drink liquids that contain both salt and
CE

August 24, 2016 / By Digestive Health Team sugar.

Are You Pooping All Wrong? (Source: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2016/08/poop/)
S

5 tips to keep your bowels health

EU

13. A teacher using TEXT in his or her classroom writes on the bla-
AT

When it comes to our bowels — and their movements — we may ckboard the following excerpts taken from the text: Don’t Ignore
8M

not give them much thought. Of course, when things are not going (...); Be careful (…); Don’t treat (…); Get enough (…); Avoid dehydra-
well, we notice. tion. What kind of structure does this teacher aim at exemplifying?
79

However, bowel movements don’t just tell us about the heal-

04

th of our digestive system. This may sound strange, but signs of a) Affirmative and negative statements in the Simple Present.
1

everything from diseases to stress may show up in your bathroom b) Affirmative and negative statements in the Simple Past.
00

habits. The key is knowing what to look for — and what the signs c) Affirmative and negative statements in the Present Perfect.
1

may mean. d) Affirmative and negative statements in the Simple Future.

21

Here are five tips to encourage healthy bowels: e) Affirmative and negative statements in the Imperative.
TO

1. Don’t ignore rectal bleeding

EN

The first thing most people worry about when they have minor rec- Read the text below and answer the question that follow:
tal bleeding is that they have a cancer. Of course, colon cancer
IM

is also a concern. But it’s the cause of rectal bleeding only 1 to 2 Text 1 - News from Japan
SC

percent of the time. Japanese tsunami dog and owner reunited

NA

Two problems are usually responsible for blood on the paper, on A dog that was rescued after spending three weeks floating at sea
the stool or in the toilet: hemorrhoids and anal fissures. The good after a huge earthquake and tsunami has been reunited with its
DO

news is that both problems are usually easy to fix. owner, who recognized the dog when she saw a TV news report on
2. Be careful not to be overzealous when you wipe the rescue on Friday.
NO

A lot of people assume they have hemorrhoids. May their bottoms The dog was found by a Japan Coast Guard crew on a roof drif-
itch and they feel extra skin down there as they wipe. Must be he- ting some 1.8km off the coast of one of the worst-hit areas along
I
ST

morrhoids, right? Japan's north-east coast. The roof that the dog was found on is
LE

So they treat themselves with medicated wipes or cream. And yet believed to have broken off the house and been washed out to sea
CE

the “hemorrhoids” don’t go away — they itch even more. by the retreating waters of the devastating tsunami.
Often, the problem is, ironically, being too clean. What happens is The two-year-old dog called Ban had an emotional reunion with
US
TE

196
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
its owner at an animal care center where it had been taken to be

TI
looked after. Local media reported that Ban immediately jumped

ES
up and was very excited when the owner appeared. “We'll never
let go of her,” said the owner, who wished to remain anonymous.

L
CE
Taken from: https://www.usingenglish.com/comprehension/

S
14. Read the sentences below and choose the one that has a verb

EU
in the imperative form:

AT
8M
a) They looked for the dog.
b) Find the dog!

79
c) Let's watch the news!

04
d) The dog is called Ban.

01
10
15. John´s mother used the imperative “Warm it up for ten minutes.”

21
to:
John,

TO
Your dinner is already in the oven. Warm it up for ten minutes.

EN
Love, Mommy
Adapted from: www.tv411org/reading

IM
SC
a) Give a direct order.
NA

b) Ask politely for a favor.

c) State a possibility.
DO

d) Make an invitation.
e) loving message.
O
IN

16. In the fragment "Treat others with respect. Do what you say
ST

you will do, offer to help others, exhibit a sense of urgency in

LE

responding to requests, and extend common courtesy – when

CE

others reciprocate, a trusting partnership is formed", imperative

forms are used for:
S

Jeannie Dugger This is VERY TRUE! I grew up in communities with

EU

a) giving orders. persons of many races, nationalities and cultures. In effect myself
AT

b) providing information. and other military are "color-blind". Our parents teach us that our
8M

c) giving directions. value as a human being is not based on...See more

d) making requests. 15 May 2013 at 14:05 · Like · 3
79

e) giving commands. Source: adapted from:

04

https://www.facebook.com/sntrofficial/?fref=ts. Access: March 2

1
00

17. Considering the context of use of the sentence “Say no to ra-

1

cism” in the text 07, the imperative express a(n):

21
TO

a) actuality
EN

b) advice
c) doubt
IM

d) fact
SC

e) inability
NA

How to Download YouTube Videos

DO

If you want to download YouTube videos without having to pay a

fee, install a toolbar, or run a dubious browser plugin, check out our
NO

handy guide to using YouTube Downloader HD. If you're like most

PCWorld readers, you probably have a few classic YouTube videos
I
ST

you love to share with friends, family, and coworkers. That's all fine
LE

and good when you're connected to the Internet, but what if you
CE

want to save a few of your favorite videos to a USB stick or burn

some memorable clips to disc as a gift? If you want to download
US
TE

197
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
YouTube videos without having to pay a fee, install a toolbar, or run

TI
a dubious browser plug-in, we suggest you use YouTube Downlo-

ES
ader HD. A free downloadable program, YouTube Downloader HD
keeps things simple: You provide the URL of the video, select the

L
CE
video quality and format, and click the Download button. YouTube
Downloader HD has a limited selection of output formats and can't

S
download from video sites other than YouTube, but it still shines

EU
with its adware-free installation, ability to download multiple vi-

AT
deos simultaneously, and automatic conversion feature. By Justin

8M
Phelps, PCWorld

79
18. Quando seguindo um manual de instalação, por exemplo, te-

04
mos vários comandos dados na “forma imperativa”, ou seja, como

01
se fossem ordens. Assinale a questão que não se encontra na for-

10
ma imperativa. 20. In which verb from the quote is there the subjunctive form?

21
a) Install a tollbar. a) is

TO
b) You, choose the program you want to download. b) grow up

EN
c) Run a dubious browser plug-in. c) gives
d) Select the video quality and format. d) spark

IM
e) We suggest you use YouTube Downloader HD. SC
21. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences below:
NA

HOW TO INSTALL ADOBE READER 6 I hope that you _____ your project by Monday.
1. Uninstall all previous versions of Adobe Reader. a. Click “Start" >
DO

“Control Panel" > “Add/Remove Programs". b. Select “Adobe Reader a) Finishes

X.x", where X.x is a previous version. c. Click on the “Remove" but- b) To finish
O

ton and follow all prompts to uninstall. d. Repeat for each previous c) Finish
IN

version found. d) Will finish

ST

2. Determine your version of Microsoft Windows. a. Click Start, then

LE

right-click on “My Computer". b. Select “Properties" from the sub- 22. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences below:
CE

-menu. c. The properties dialog will display your version of Windo- The lawyer demanded that he _____ out of the flat.
ws, for example:
S

NOTE: Your computer must have at least Microsoft Windows 98 a) Moves

EU

Second Edition installed to use Adobe Reader 6. If you are using b) To move
AT

Microsoft Windows 98 or Windows 95, you will not be able to use c) Move
8M

Adobe Reader 6. In this case, please install Adobe Reader 5, which d) Will move
will automatically be chosen for you in the following steps. Note
79

that you may observe peculiar behavior with Adobe Reader 5 on 23. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences below:
04

the NRS website, but without any version of Adobe Reader, you will It’s advisable that she _____ home as soon as she gets there.
1

not be able to open and download NRS forms.

00

Answer the following question according to the text above: a) Call

1

b) Calls
21

19. Quando temos um texto com instruções, ele será muito pro- c) To call
TO

vavelmente disposto no Imperativo, que é habitualmente apresen- d) Called

EN

tado em forma de comandos. Identifique nas sentenças abaixo a

alternativa no “Modo Imperativo":
IM
SC

a) Susan, could you please save the file I have typed on the
NA

computer?
b) Mary doesn´t want to scan and save all the pictures I have
DO

told her.
c) Click on the “Remove" button and follow all prompts to
NO

uninstall.
d) We repeated the same action for each previous version
I
ST

we´ve found.
LE

e) They must have at least Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edi-

CE

tion installed.
US
TE

198
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

ES
GABARITO
GABARITO

L
CE
S
APRENDIZAGEM

EU
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B

AT
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. E 10. A

8M
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. E 15. E

79
APROFUNDAMENTO 1. (EEAR) The word “inform”, in bold in the text, is a verb in the

04
__________.
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B

01
6. A 7. a) get

10
a) infinitive c) subjunctive
b) not be

21
b) imperative d) passive voice
c) look

TO
d) not disturb 2. (EN 2017) Which is the correct option to complete the pa-

EN
e) take ragraph below?
f) smoke

IM
g) not show How to use the camera at the beach or near water
SC
h) not eat
NA

_______ the camera dry naturally in case it gets wet. After that,
8.
please______ the door/cover to be sure no sand is present.
DO

b) I recommended that the students be polite. ______ as required. ______ the camera anywhere the tempera-
c) the government insists that all citizens pay taxes ture may exceed 35°C as this may damage the unit.
O

d) the father demanded that his daughter have a traditional we-

IN

dding. a) Let/to inspect/To clean/Do not leave

ST

9. B 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. E b) Let/inspect/Clean/Do not leave

LE

c) To let/inspect/Clean/Not leave
14. B 15. A 16. E 17. B 18. E
CE

d) To let/inspect/Clean/Leave not
19. C 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. A e) To let/to inspect/To clean/Leave not
S
EU

3. (EEAR 2017) Choose the alternative that presents the im-

AT

perative form of the sentence: Doctor: You should drink less

8M

alcohol.
79

a) You ought to drink much alcohol.

04

b) Don’t drink too much alcohol.

1

c) Don’t drink less beer.

00

d) Don’t drink alcohol.

1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
I NO
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

199
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
- Os verbos a seguir pedem To-infinitive:

ES
Before my grandfather died, he said to me: “Don’t To agree (concordar)
waste your time! Travel around the world! Have a beautiful To appear (parecer)

L
CE
house! Be with a person you love! Go to the beach! Have a lot To attempt (tentar)
of friends!” To choose (escolher, decidir)

S
To decide (decidir)

EU
(Adapted from Inglês no Mundo do Trabalho)
To fail (fracassar, deixar de)

AT
4. The imperative form of the verbs underlined in the extract To hope (esperar)

8M
expresses To learn (aprender)
To manage (conseguir)

79
a) habits. c) directions. To offer (oferecer)

04
b) requests. d) some advice. To plan (planejar)

01
To pretend (fingir)

10
5. When the interviewer said, "Don't call us" (line 25) he To promise (prometer)

21
To refuse (recusar)
a) suggested don't to call us. To seem (parecer)

TO
b) told to not call him. To threaten (ameaçar)

EN
c) advised not to call them.
d) asked didn't call us. The bank has agreed to lend me £5000.

IM
O banco concordou em me emprestar cinco mil libras.
SC
NA

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM She appears to be tired.

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM Ela parece estar cansada.
DO

He attempted to escape through a window.

O

19
Ele tentou fugir por uma janela.
IN

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
ST

Katie chose to stay away from work that day.

LE

Ela decidiu ficar longe do trabalho naquele dia.

CE

INFINITIVE AND GERUND

In the end, we decided to go to the theatre.
S

Talvez este seja o ponto em que o português e o inglês mais se dis- Por fim, decidimos ir ao teatro.
EU

tanciam. Para começar, é importante que saibamos que o infinitivo

AT

da língua inglesa pode se apresentar de duas formas: com ou sem a She failed to reach the Wimbledon Final this year.
8M

partícula to. Outra consideração importante é que o Gerund, quase Ela fracassou em/deixou de chegar à final de Wimbledon este ano.
sempre, não é equivalente ao nosso Gerúndio. Este, em inglês,
79

corresponde ao Present Participle, que também é caracterizado They hope to visit us next year.
04

pelo sufixo -ing. Talvez por isso haja tanta confusão na hora de Eles esperam nos visitar ano que vem.
1

estabelecermos as diferenças e semelhanças existentes entre es-

00

sas duas formas nos dois idiomas. Iniciemos: I'm learning to play the drums.
1

Estou aprendendo a tocar bateria.

21

They like to play soccer. – Eles gostam de jogar futebol.

TO

Infinitive Infinitivo Did you manage to buy any bread?

EN

Conseguiu comprar algum pão?

Going to parties is fun. – Ir a festas é divertido.
IM

Gerund Infinitivo My father's offered to take us to the airport.

SC

Meu pai se ofereceu para nos levar ao aeroporto.

NA

He’s traveling to Berlin. – Ele está viajando para a Berlin.

Present Participle (verb) Gerúndio I'm not planning to stay here much longer.
DO

Eu não planejo ficar aqui muito tempo.

The party was boring. – A festa estava chata.
NO

Present Participle (Adjective) Adjetivo Were you just pretending to be interested?

Vocês estavam apenas fingindo estarem interessados?
I
ST

1. To-infinitive and Infinitive

LE

Para diferenciarmos as duas formas do infinitivo da língua inglesa, He promised faithfully to call me every week.
CE

chamaremos de To-infinitive o infinitivo com to, e apenas de Infini- Ele prometeu fielmente me ligar toda semana.
tive o infinitivo sem to:
US
TE

200
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
On cold mornings the car always refuses to start. financeiros. [Verb + Object + To-infinitive]

TI
Em manhãs frias, o carro sempre se recusa a pegar.

ES
He expects the game to begin on time.
I seem to know more about him than anyone else. Ele espera que o jogo comece na hora. [Verb + Object + To-infinitive]

L
CE
Pareço saber mais sobre ele do que qualquer outra pessoa.
He’ll get a teacher to explain it to us.

S
They threatened to kill him unless he did what they asked. Ele vai mandar um professor nos ensinar isso. [Verb + Object + To-

EU
Eles ameaçaram matá-lo a não ser que ele fizesse o que eles pe- infinitive]

AT
diam.

8M
Do you want me to take you to the station?
- O To-infinitive é usado após expressões do tipo the first, the last Você quer que eu lhe leve para a estação? [Verb + Object + To-

79
e the next: infinitive]

04
01
Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship. Would you like me to take you in the car?

10
Gagarin foi o primeiro a voar em uma espaçonave. Você gostaria que eu lhe levasse de carro? [Verb + Object + To-

21
infinitive]
Peter was the last to watch the film.

TO
Peter foi o último a assistir ao filme. - Outros, no entanto, só admitem o To-infinitive após o objeto:

EN
To advise (aconselhar)
He is the next to get his passport. To allow (permitir, autorizar)

IM
Ele é o próximo a tirar o passaporte. To enable (capacitar, possibilitar)
SC
To encourage (encorajar)
NA

- Após adjetivos, utiliza-se o To-infinitive: To force (forçar, obrigar)

To invite (convidar)
DO

I'm happy to be here. To order (ordenar, pedir)

Estou feliz em estar aqui. To permit (permitir)
O

To persuade (persuadir)
IN

It's better not to smoke here. To remind (fazer lembrar)

ST

É melhor não fumar here. To tell (dizer)

LE

To teach (ensinar)
CE

- O To-infinitive aparece após Question Words: To warn (alertar)

S

I don't know what to say. I think I'd advise him to leave the company.
EU

Não sei o que dizer. Acho que eles o aconselharam a deixar a empresa.
AT
8M

Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop? Do you think Dad will allow you to go to Jamie's party?
Pode me dizer como chegar à parada de ônibus? Você acha que papai irá deixar você ir à festa de Jamie?
79
04

- Alguns verbos podem ter seus objetos posicionados antes ou de- Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half.
1

pois do To-infinitive: A informatização deveria nos possibilitar a cortar pela metade os

00

gastos na produção.
1

I asked to see my accountant.

21

Eu pedi pra ver meu contador. [Verb + To-infinitive + Object] My parents encouraged me to learn foreign languages.
TO

Meus pais me encorajaram a aprender línguas estrangeiras.

EN

I expect to meet you at the party.

Espero encontrá-la na festa. [Verb + To-infinitive + Object] I forgot my key, so I had to force a window to come inside.
IM

Esqueci minha chave, então tive que forçar uma janela para poder
SC

How did you get to be a belly dancer? entrar.

NA

Como você se tornou uma dançarina do ventre? [Verb + To-infin-

itive + Object] Her family invited me to stay with them for a few weeks.
DO

A família dela me convidou a ficar com eles por algumas semanas.

He doesn’t want to correct the exams today.
NO

Ele não quer corrigir as provas hoje. [Verb + To-infinitive + Object] I ordered some pasta to eat.
Pedi um pouco de massa para comer.
I
ST

I would like to drink a beer.

LE

Gostaria de tomar uma cerveja? [Verb + To-infinitive + Object] The security system will not permit you to enter without the cor-
CE

You should ask your accountant to give you some financial advice. rect password.
Você deveria pedir ao seu contador para lhe dar alguns conselhos O sistema de segurança não lhe permitirá entrar sem a senha cor-
US
TE

201
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
reta. Você não pode obrigá-lo a/fazê-lo ir se ele não quiser.

TI
ES
He is trying to persuade local and foreign businesses to invest in If you wait, I'll have someone collect it for you.
the project. Se você esperar, arrumarei alguém para pegar isso pra você.

L
CE
Ele está tentando persuadir investidores locais e estrangeiros a in-
vestirem no projeto. 2. Gerund

S
- É usado após preposições:

EU
Please remind me to send this letter.

AT
Por favor, lembre-me de enviar esta carta. They are afraid of losing the match.

8M
Eles estão com medo de perder a partida.
I told her to go home.

79
Eu disse a ela para ir para casa. We are excited about making our own film.

04
Estamos eufóricos por fazer nosso próprio filme.

01
10
Who taught you to cook? Cuidado com as locuções used to (costumava) e to be used to

21
Quem lhe ensinou a cozinhar? (costumar):

TO
They warned me not to go out alone. He used to smoke a lot.

EN
Eles me avisaram a não sair sozinho. Ele costumava fumar muito. – Hábito no passado

IM
- O Infinitive é usado após Modal Verbs e na formação de certos He is used to smoking a lot.
SC
tempos (já estudados, inclusive): Ele costuma fumar muito. – Hábito no presente
NA

She can do it without our help. They used to play poker together.
DO

Ela consegue fazer isso sem nossa ajuda. Eles costumavam jogar pôquer juntos.
O

You should not take medicines for your own hand. They are used to playing poker together.
IN

Você não deveria tomar remédios por conta própria. Eles costumam jogar pôquer juntos.
ST
LE

He will/would travel to Miami. - Os verbos a seguir pedem Gerund:

CE

Ele viajará/viajaria para Miami. – Simple Future/Simple Conditional To admit (admitir)

To avoid (evitar)
S

I want to go out tonight. To consider (cogitar)

EU

Quero sair hoje à noite. To delay (atrasar, demorar)

AT

To deny (negar)
8M

- Certas expressões pedem o Infinitive: To dislike (não gostar)

To enjoy (apreciar, gostar)
79

You had better clean up your room. To finish (terminar)

04

É melhor você limpar o seu quarto. To imagine (imaginar)

1

To include (incluir)
00

Which would you sooner do – go swimming or play tennis? To involve (envolver)

1

O que você prefere fazer – ir nadar ou jogar tênis? To justify (justificar)

21

To keep (manter)
TO

Wouldn't you rather finish it tomorrow? To mention (mencionar)

EN

Você não prefere terminar isso amanhã? To mind (importar-se)

To miss (sentir falta)
IM

Why not use my car? To postpone (adiar)

SC

Por que não usar o meu carro? To practice (treinar)

NA

To regret (arrepender-se)
- Utiliza-se o Infinitive após o objeto de determinados verbos: To resist (resistir)
DO

To risk (arriscar)
He decided to let his hair grow long. To suggest (sugerir)
NO

Ele decidiu deixar o cabelo dele crescer.

He admitted having driven too fast.
I
ST

Let’s skateboard this weekend, shall we? Ele admitiu ter dirigido rápido demais.
LE

Vamos andar de skate neste fim de semana, vamos?

CE

They avoid going out on Saturdays.

You can't make him go if he doesn't want to. Eles evitam sair aos sábados.
US
TE

202
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Ela sugeriu ir para o Cairo.

TI
Ralph is considering buying a new house.

ES
Ralph está cogitando comprar uma casa nova. O verbo to stop (“parar”) pode ser seguido de To-infinitive ou de
Gerund, assumindo sentidos diferentes:

L
CE
I delayed telling Max the news.
Ele demorou a contar ao Max a novidade. I stopped to pick up a letter that I'd dropped.

S
Eu parei para pegar uma carta que eu havia deixado cair.

EU
She denies having taken the book.

AT
Ela nega ter pegado o livro. After twenty-five years, he finally stopped drinking.

8M
Depois de vinte e cinco anos, ele finalmente parou de beber.
We dislike reading poems.

79
Nós não gostamos de ler poemas. - O Gerund também pode exercer função de substantivo ou de su-

04
jeito:

01
I enjoy playing chess.

10
Eu gosto de jogar xadrez. Do you know what I need? Your understanding!

21
Você sabe do que eu preciso? De sua compreensão!
They finished working in the garden.

TO
Ele terminou de trabalhar no jardim. The beginning of this film is terrific.

EN
O início deste filme é maravilhoso.
He imagined driving a new car.

IM
Ele se imaginou dirigindo um carro novo. Do you think losing weight is becoming an obsession to her?
SC
Você acha que perder peso está se tornando uma obsessão para
NA

Your responsibility includes taking reservations on the phone. ela?

Sua responsabilidade inclui aceitar reservas pelo telefone.
DO

Traveling abroad is my priority.

The project will involve growing plants. Viajar para o exterior é minha prioridade.
O

O projeto envolverá o cultivo de plantas.

IN

De maneira não tão frequente, o To-infinitive também pode

ST

I can't really justify taking another day off work. exercer função de sujeito:
LE

Eu realmente não posso justificar tirar outra folga do trabalho.

CE

To smoke/Smoking is really an unhealthful habit.

He keeps trying to distract me. Fumar é realmente um hábito não saudável.
S

Ele continua tentando me distrair.

EU

- O Gerund é obrigatório após algumas expressões:

AT

Did Alex ever mention playing baseball?

8M

O Alex mencionou alguma vez jogar beisebol? It's no use/good crying over spilt milk.
Não adianta chorar pelo leite derramado.
79

I don't mind sleeping on the couch.

04

Eu não me importo em dormir no sofá. I can't/couldn’t help thinking she'd be better off without him.
1

Não posso/pude evitar em pensar que ela está melhor sem ele.
00

They miss playing with their friends.

1

Eles sentem falta de jogar com os amigos deles. It's worth remembering that prices go up on February 1st.
21

We've had to postpone going to France because the children are ill. Vale a pena lembrar que os preços sobem no dia 1º de fevereiro.
TO

Tivemos que adiar ir à França porque as crianças estão doentes.

EN

It makes no sense waiting for him since he will not come.

She practiced playing hockey. Não faz sentido esperá-lo já que ele não virá.
IM

Ela treina jogar hóquei.

SC

It’s a waste of time/money investing in this project.

NA

Do you regret having mentioned that? É uma perda de tempo/dinheiro investir neste projeto.
Você se arrepende de ter mencionado aquilo?
DO

3. To-infinitive, Infinitive and Gerund

He couldn’t resist taking another shot. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de qualquer uma das formas,
NO

Ele não conseguiu resistir tomar mais um drinque. com ou sem alteração de sentido:
I
ST

You risk catching a cold. - Os verbos a seguir pedem To-infinitive ou Infinitive:

LE

Você arrisca pegar um resfriado.

CE

Everyone in the office complains that he smells awful, but nobody

She suggested flying to Cairo. dares (to) mention it to him.
US
TE

203
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Todos no escritório reclamam que ele cheira mal, mas ninguém fone tocou.

TI
ousa mencionar isso a ele.

ES
They started building the house in January.
The drought has helped (to) make this a disastrous year for Somalia. Eles começaram a construir a casa em Janeiro.

L
CE
A seca tem contribuído para tornar este um ano desastroso para a
Somália. [Verb + (To-)Infinitive] I tried to open the window.

S
Tentei abrir a janela.

EU
The £10,000 loan from the bank helped her (to) start her own busi-

AT
ness. Perhaps you should try getting up earlier in the mornings.

8M
O empréstimo de dez mil libras junto ao banco a ajudou a começar Talvez você devesse tentar acordar mais cedo pela manhã.
seu próprio negócio. [Verb + Object + (To-)Infinitive]

79
I always forget to bring my laptop from the office.

04
- Os verbos a seguir pedem To-infinitive ou Gerund: Eu sempre esqueço de trazer meu laptop do escritório.

01
10
After waiting for one hour she was beginning to get angry. She’ll never forget seeing the Himalayas for the first time.

21
Após esperar uma hora, ela estava começando a ficar com raiva. Ela jamais esquecerá o dia em que viu os Himalayas pela primeira
vez. – Sentido passado

TO
Sunny has just begun learning to drive.

EN
Sunny acabou de começar a aprender a dirigir. Our company regrets to announce the cancellation of the flight
to Madrid.

IM
It's said that as the boat went down the band continued to play. Nossa companhia lamenta anunciar o cancelamento do voo para
SC
Dizem que enquanto o barco afundava a banda continuou tocan- Madrid.
NA

do.
I have always regretted not having studied harder at school.
DO

If she continues drinking like that, I'll have to carry her home. Eu sempre me arrependi de não ter estudado mais na escola. –
Se ela continuar bebendo desse jeito, terei que carregá-la para Sentido passado
O

casa.
IN

Remember to call your doctor.

ST

I hate to interrupt, but it's time to leave. Lembre-se de ligar para o seu médico.
LE

Odeio interromper, mas é hora de partir.

CE

I don't remember having signed a contract.

I have always hated speaking in public. Não lembro de ter assinado um contrato. – Sentido passado
S

Eu sempre odiei falar em público. [Verb + Gerund]

EU

I go skiing/camping/dancing/shopping every Friday.

AT

I hate him telling me what do to all the time. Vou esquiar/acampar/dançar/fazer compras toda sexta-feira.
8M

Eu o odeio por me dizer o que fazer o tempo todo. [Verb + Object

+ Gerund] She's gone to meet Brian at the station.
79

Ela foi encontrar o Brian na estação.

04

He likes to spend his evenings in front of the television.

1

Ele gosta de passar as noites dele em frente à televisão. - A expressão can’t bear pede To-infinitive e Gerund:
00

He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain.

1

I don't like upsetting people. Ele não suportou ver o cão sofrendo.
21

Não gosto de decepcionar as pessoas.

TO

I can't bear being bored.

EN

She would love to start her own business. Não tolero ser aborrecido.
Ela adoraria começar o próprio negócio dela.
IM

- Os verbos de percepção pedem Infinitive ou Gerund após o ob-

SC

I love roller-skating. jeto:

NA

Adoro patinar.
She felt the rain fall/falling softly on her face.
DO

I'd prefer not to discuss this issue. Ela sentiu a chuva cair/caindo suavemente no rosto dela.
Eu preferiria não discutir este assunto.
NO

I heard Peter sing/singing a song.

They prefer watching rugby to playing it. Eu ouvi o Peter cantar/cantando uma canção.
I
ST

Eles preferem assistir rúgbi a jogá-lo.

LE

Mandy noticed the boy climb/climbing the tree.

CE

I'd just started to write a letter when the phone rang. Mandy notou o garoto escalar/escalando a árvore.
Eu tinha acabado de começar a escrever uma carta quando o tele- They saw him climb/climbing up the roof.
US
TE

204
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Eles o viram subir/subindo o telhado. a) Jogging – do d) Jog – do

TI
b) Jogs – to do e) To jogging – to do

ES
He watched the thieves steal a car. c) Jogged – doing
Ele assistiu aos ladrões roubarem um carro.

L
CE
8. I can’t help ___________ in love with you.

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

S
a) to fall b) failing c) falling d) fallen e) fall

EU
AT
Você deve ter observado nos exemplos anteriores que para 9. Paula cannot __________ it without __________ to the boss.

8M
fazer a forma negativa do To-infinitive, basta acrescentar not
antes de to: a) does – talking e) do – to talk

79
b) do – talking d) don’t – talking

04
He decided not to leave because of the bad weather. c) do – talk

01
Ele decidiu não sair por causa do mau tempo.

10
10. He had better __________, it’s very late.
It’s better not to go out, it’s raining heavily.

21
É melhor não sair, está chovendo bastante. a) to go b) goes c) going d) go e) gone

TO
EN
11. He saw the kid __________ the school.

IM
a) leaving
SC b) to leave c) leave d) left e) leaves
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
NA

12. Are you interested in __________ poems?

DO

1. Does she hate __________ up early? a) to write b) write c) writing d) wrote e) written
O

a) getting b) gets c) geting d) to getting e) got 13. It’s a waste of time __________ for him.
IN
ST

2. I’m tired of __________; let’s go home. a) to wait b) waiting c) waits d) wait e) to waiting
LE
CE

a) wait b) to wait c) waiting d) waits e) waited 14. They seem __________ exhausted.
S

3. It is not worth __________ such a stupid song. a) to be b) being c) be d) been

EU
AT

a) listened c) listen e) listening to 15. Fill in the gaps correctly:

8M

b) listens d) to listen He kept __________ all day long despite __________ tired.
79

4. I like _________ soccer, but today I wouldn’t like _________ it. a) studying – being d) study – being
04

b) studying – to be e) study – to be
1

a) to play – played d) playing – to play c) studying – be

00

b) to play – playing e) playing – play

1

c) playing – playing 16. Complete meaningfully:

21

I can’t remember __________ locked the door before __________.

TO

5. Please, father, __________. I will be good to your health, you will

EN

see! a) having – to leave d) to have – to leave

b) to have – leave e) having – leaving
IM

a) stop to smoke d) stop smoking c) having – leave

SC

b) stop to smoking e) stopping smoke

NA

c) stopping to smoke 17. I hate __________ so late at night. I prefer __________ earlier.
DO

6. He is used ______ the newspaper every morning, before 10 am. a) eat – eat d) eat – eating
b) eating – eat e) to eat – eat
NO

a) to read d) reads c) eating – eating

b) to reading e) reading
I
ST

c) read 18. You risk __________ all your money in this casino.
LE
CE

7. __________ is a healthful activity. You should __________ it. a) losing b) loosing c) lose d) loose e) to loosing
US
TE

205
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
19. He suggested __________ to Madrid next summer.

TI
(Adapted from https://hbr,org/2006/ll/managing-multicultural-teams)

ES
a) to go b) go c) gone d) going e) goeing
4. (EN 2015) Which is the correct option to complete this paragraph

L
CE
20. Don’t fail __________ me later. from an article on Managing Multicultural Teams?

S
a) to call b) call c) calling d) to calling e) calleing a) producing/not to agree/to report.

EU
b) to produce/not agree/to report.

AT
c) producing/to not agree/to report.

8M
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO d) to produce/not agreeing/reporting.
e) produce/not agree/reporting.

79
1. (EN 2016) Which option best completes the paragraph below?

04
Eat healthy 5. (MARINHA 2015) Choose the correct option to complete the pa-

01
In today's fast-paced world, it is so easy ________ through a drive- ragraph below.

10
through window to grab something to eat. It is also easy ______
Biases

21
into a gas station ______ a bag of chips, a soda, and some candy.
However, ______ this is not the best choice for our bodies. Simply

TO
put - the more junk you put into your body, the worse you are go- Our mind likes_____ our brain into_____that it’s right.

EN
ing to feel. Try ______ your body with healthy food, drink plenty of Over time, this leads to us ______biases. Biases can be positive or
water, and skip fast food lines as much as you can to feel healthy negative, but it’s important______these deeply rooted subcon-

IM
and happy. scious factors.SC
(Abridged from http://www.teenadvice.about.com) (Adapted from https: / / www. makeuseof .com)
NA

a) driving/stopping/to buy/to do/to nourish a) trick / believe / create / to identify

DO

b) driving/stopping/to buy/doing/to nourish b) tricking / believe / to create / identify

c) to drive/to stop/to buy/doing/to nourish c) to trick / believe / to create / to identify
O

d) to drive/to stop/buying/doing/nourishing d) to trick / believing / creating / to identify

IN

e) trick / believing / to create / identifying

ST

2. (EEAR 2016) Fill in the blank with the correct response according
LE

to grammar rules: 6. (ESSEX 2009) I tried to __________ them the truth but they
CE

wouldn't listen.
I don’t mind _________ alone, but I prefer to travel with my friends.
S

a) tell b) telling c) told d) tells

EU

a) not travel b) traveling c) to travel d) travels

AT

7. (IME 2012) Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que complete a

8M

3. (EN 2015) Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph sentença corretamente.
below? She cannot get used _________ abroad.
79

How to Become a Pro Gamer

04

Easy to understand, that is. ________ for a living isn't all fun and a) to live b) to living c) lives d) Iived e) living
1

games. It takes time, skill and determination ________ in today's TEXT III
00

competitive circuits. If you're up for the challenge, here's what you A new Aviation English Test Speaks of Pilots’
1

need to do. voices and aviation safety

21

(Adapted frora http://iq.intel.com/want-pro-gamer/?sr_

TO

source=lift„gravity&v=3) In addition ___(1) the development ___(2) various tests ___(3) re-
EN

sponse ___(4) the ICAO’s language proficiency requirement, a new

a) To play/to win. d) Playing/to win. test has been designed using flight simulators, ___(5) consideration
IM

b) Playing/winning. e) To play/winning. of both the test takers and the ICAO’s fundamental focus ___(6)
SC

c) Play/winning. aviation safety. The test provides a familiar and work-related test-
NA

ing environment ___ (7) pilots, an efficient and cost-effective test

When a major International software developer needed _______ a system ___(8) airlines, and international credibility and valid evalu-
DO

new product quickly, the project manager assembled a team of ation tools to states, while fully covering both aviation and plain
employees from índia and the United States. From the start the English Assessment needs.
NO

team members could ________ on a delivery date for the product. (Jason Park and Tyler Kong ALTEON Training Asia LLC Seoul, Korea.)
The Americans thought the work could be done in two weeks; the
I
ST

Indians predicted two to three months. As time went on, the Indian 8. “…, while fully covering both aviation and plain English Asses-
LE

team members proved reluctant ________ setbacks in the produc- sment needs.” (end of sentence 02) The word “covering” here is
CE

tion process, which the American team members would find out
about only when work was due to be passed to them. a) a verb form matching another one in the present.
S

b) an adjective form matching a verb in the gerund.

U
TE

c) a verb form implying a present continuous.

206
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
d) an adjective form implying a present continuous. to grammar rules:

TI
I don’t mind _________ alone, but I prefer to travel with my friends.

ES
9. (IME 2010) Before _____ ways to accelerate the process, I should
give a few more details on how the system works. a) not travel b) traveling c) to travel d) travels

L
CE
a) suggest d) suggesting 15. (EFOMM 2012) I can remember ____________ voices in the mi-

S
b) suggested e) had suggested ddle of the night.

EU
c) suggests

AT
a) to hear b) hear c) heard d) hearing e) have heard

8M
16. (EM 2013) In the alternatives below, the gerund was used cor-

79
rectly in only two sentences.

04
01
(1) This laptop is definitely worth buying.

10
(2) He stopped eating fast food in order to lose weight.

21
(3) They can't afford buying a new car.
(4) She refused seeing him.

TO
EN
The correct sentences are:

IM
a) 1 and 2
SC b) 1 and 4 c) 1 and 3 d) 2 and 3 e) 2 and
NA

17. (EN 2012) Which of the alternatives below completes the sen-
tence correctly?
DO

(1) _____ is a bad habit and it can cause lung cancer.

O

10. (EEAR 2011) Fill in the blank with the suitable option: a) To smoke d) To smoking
IN

b) Smoke e) The smoke

ST

a) purchase c) purchasing c) Smoking

LE

b) purchased d) had purchased

CE

18. (EM 2012) Which sequence best completes the text below?
11. (EEAR 2012) Fill in the blank with the correct response: We ’re in danger of (1)___ locked in the midfield stalemate of agree-
S

My friend’s mother is sick, but she avoids _______ to the doctor. ment, so allow me (2)____ up the left wing. Given the extraordínary
EU

wealth of top flight football in this country, I do think the game

AT

a) goes b) to go c) going d) not to go owes a greater degree of pastoral care to its players, and of a more
8M

profound nature than (3)____ out their cars and living arrange-
ments. Football clubs now gain control over players when they1re
79

youngsters, but not nearly enough effort is put into (4)___ rounded,
04

educated individuais.
1

(Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk)

100

a) been - opening - sorting - developing

21

12. (EEAR 2015) Select the alternative that best completes the dia- b) be - open - to sort - developing
TO

logue: c) been - to open - to sort - develop

EN

d) being- to open - sorting - developing

a) visiting – to go c) to visit – going e) being- open - to sorting – develop
IM

b) to visit – to go d) visiting – going

SC

19. (EEAR 2015) Choose the alternative that fills in the blank in the
NA

13. (EEAR 2015) Select the alternative that best completes the ex- sentence below.
tract below. Scientists say that when a person stops _____ very soon, the chanc-
DO

Doctors suggest not _________ much fat and sugar. Patients suf- es of getting cancer and other diseases reduce.
fering from cardiopulmonary diseases also should not avoid
NO

___________ to the doctor. a) smoke b) smokes c) smoked d) smoking

I
ST

a) to eat – to go c) to eat – going

LE

b) eating – to go d) eating – going

CE

20. That’s the problem of getting older.” (Gerund Use)

14. (EEAR 2016) Fill in the blank with the correct response according
US
TE

207
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) After a preposition; c) present perfect and present continuous.

TI
b) Before a noun; d) present continuous and infinitive

ES
c) To show the true meaning;
d) Used in a continuous action; 25. Read the sentence below.

L
CE
e) To give relevancy to the statement Electric overhead signs urged people to avoid ____________________
bicycles and other large items.

S
Recycle – Reduce – Reuse Choose the correct alternative that completes the context.

EU
Easier – Recycle means to process old, used items in order that the

AT
material can be used to make new products. Examples of things a) Bring.

8M
that are often recycled are glass, plastic, newspapers, aluminum b) Brought.
cans, used motor oil, and batteries. Here, reduce refers to lessening c) Bringing.

79
the amount of items or resources that are consumed, using only d) Sell.

04
the amount that is needed, and looking for alternatives that will

01
lessen our use. And reuse means extending the 'life' or repurposing 26. Assinale a alternativa que, correta e gramaticalmente, com-

10
an item rather than discarding or throwing it away. Harder – Recy- pleta as frases.

21
cling is the processes of collecting, processing, remanufacturing, 1- Would you like_____________ to my party?
and reusing materials instead of discarding them. This helps con- 2- Do you mind____________ so loudly?

TO
serve raw materials and energy that manufacturers would other- 3- It was very interesting____________ my old house again.

EN
wise use in producing new products. Recycling also reduces the 4- He works at weekends____________ more money.
amount of material going into landfills. Recycling helps lessen the 5- On Sundays she enjoys____________ and_____________ anything.

IM
pollution that may result from waste disposal. Reducing our con- SC
sumption of materials and reducing the waste of materials also a) 1- coming / 2 - not talking / 3- to see / 4- to earn / 5- rela-
NA

adds to the conservation of our resources. xing; not doing.

Acesso em: abr. 2011. b) 1- to come / 2 - not talking / 3- to see / 4- to earn / 5- rela-
DO

xing; not doing.

21. The words “collecting" (line 7), “processing" (line 7) and “rema- c) 1- to come / 2 - talking / 3- to see / 4- to earn / 5- relaxing;
O

nufacturing" (line 7) are being used in the text as: not doing.
IN

d) 1- to come / 2 - not talking / 3- seeing / 4- earning / 5- re-

ST

a) negative inversion. laxing; not doing

LE

b) gerund.
CE

c) simple present. 27. The excerpt "...leaders from groups aimed at mobilizing Lati-
d) subjunctive. no voters..." has an example of a gerund. Gerunds can be used as
S

e) present perfect continuous. the subject or object of a sentence. Another example of a gerund,
EU

following the sentence above, can be found in the sentence:

AT

22. In the extracts below, the words with ‘ing’ are all verbs, except:
8M

a) The candidate has amazing ideas on how to create his own

a) “humans are inflicting on other life-forms” electors' network.
79

b) “this dysfunction is actually intensifying” b) The candidates are trying hard to get as many electors as
04

c) "sublime works of music, literature, painting, architecture possible.

1

and sculpture” c) The political party was worried about postponing the elec-
00

d) “the old way of being in the world” tions one more time.
1

e) “responding to this radical crisis” d) Both candidates were arguing on TV last night.
21

e) After the elections, all his voters managed to make a good

TO

23. In “Story time is drawing capacity crowds...”, “...an informal rea- living.
EN

ding to a small group...”, and “...to prevent overcrowding...”, the -ING

words are, respectively, 28. Mark the CORRECT alternative according to the correct gram-
IM

mar use of the Infinitive and Gerund forms:

SC

a) adjective, adverb, noun.

NA

b) noun, noun, verb. a) suggested waiting for the girls at the mal.
c) verb, noun, noun. b) I enjoy to travel to the beach on my vacations.
DO

d) adverb, verb, adjective. c) My sister avoids to go out alone at night.

d) We want getting more time to rest during the week
NO

24. In “The new York Public Library is adding 45 children's librarians

to support story time and other programs...” the two verb forms are,
I
ST

respectively,
LE
CE

a) simple present and simple present. 29. The words in bold in the following sentence: ”…preferred hea-
b) simple present and present participle. ting and cooking with wood.”, are being used as examples of:
US
TE

208
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
a) gerund forms.

ES
b) future tenses.
c) infinitive forms.

L
CE
d) past tense forms.
e) continuous tenses.

S
EU
30. Choose the alternative that contains the word or group of

AT
words which best completes the following sentence: “Secretaries

8M
are expected ___________ organized, punctual, cheerful and cour-
teous.”

79
04
a) be.

01
b) being.

10
c) are.

21
d) to be.
e) is.

TO
EN
31. Choose the verb form that completes the sentence below cor- 33. In the second type of physical check, the words chopping, bur-
rectly: Wendy has decided to give up _________ at the hotel. ning, thawing, cooking and baking are in ‘-ing’ form to show:

IM
SC
a) to work a) they are words formed with verbs acting as nouns.
NA

b) worked b) these actions are taking place now.

c) working c) these actions will take place in the future.
DO

d) has worked d) they are adjectives describing qualities.

e) had worked e) they are present participles modifying the sentence’s verb
O

tense.
IN

Read the text and answer to the question.

ST

34. The word “teaching” in the phrase “language teaching proble-

LE

Cultural diversity and cultural identity in globalization ms” is used in the same way as in
CE

a) I understand the teachings in that book.

S

b) Teaching in that school is quite difficult.

EU

c) The leader’s teachings should be followed.

AT

d) Teaching skills are available to pre-service courses.

8M

e) He is teaching verbs and articles to his students now.

79

35. Complete the sentence below.

04

Would you like to _______ dinner with me tomorrow night?

1
00

a) have
1

b) has
21

32. Gerund use does NOT follow the same pattern of “spreading” c) will has
TO

(L05) in d) have been

EN

e) will
a) “exhibiting” (L06).
IM

b) "developing” (L03). 36. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words:
SC

c) “displaying” (L07). She was the ____________ woman I ever met. Besides, she was
NA

d) “defending” (L12) ____________ intelligent and creative. Also, she received the
___________ recognition of her time for _________ the first pianist
DO

of her country to receive an international award.

NO

a) Pretty – extreme – bigger – being.

b) Prettier – extremely – bigger - being
I
ST

c) Prettiest – extremely – biggest – be.

LE

d) Prettiest – extremely – biggest – being.

CE

e) Prettiest – extremely – bigger – be.

US
TE

209
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
37. The ING ending word is used as an adjective in the sentence

ES
a) “learning English is important for your career.”

L
CE
b) those students are good at making excuses. 1. (EEAR 2017) Read the text and answer question
c) “doctors say running is good for the heart.”

S
d) “Sarah’s always smoking during the break.” A __________ fact about Australia is that one Austra-

EU
e) “my weekend was relaxing, just perfect!” lian family in three (that’s approximately 33%) speak another

AT
language, apart from English.

8M
Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text.

79
GABARITO
GABARITO a) surprises b) surprised c) surprising d) surpri-

04
singly

01
APRENDIZAGEM

10
1. A 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. D

21
6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D

TO
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A

EN
16. E 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A

IM
APROFUNDAMENTO
SC
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. D
NA

2. (EEAR 2017) Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative, res-
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C pectively:
DO

11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A

a) stretching – strengthening – breathing
O

16. A 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. A b) stretched – strengthened – breathed

IN

21. B 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C c) stretches – strengthens – breathes

ST

d) stretch – strengthen – breathe

26. B 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. D
LE
CE

31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 3. (EEAR 2017) According to the extract, what is the alternative
36. D 37. E that contains the right explanation about the gerund in bold
S

type?
EU

“Swimming is an amazing exercise. It’s healthy, fun, relaxing

AT

and a low-impact sport. I know this from personal experience.

8M

Last year while I was jogging I injured my left knee. I don’t go

jogging anymore, now I’m considering joining a swimming
79

competition.”
04

The gerund is:

1
00

a) The direct object of the sentence.

1

b) The progressive form of the verb.

21

c) The indirect object of the verb.

TO

d) The subject of the sentence.

EN

4. (EFOMM 2015) Choose the correct alternative to complete

IM

the sentences below.

SC
NA

I – I can’t afford _____ for all your expenses.

II – He enjoys ______ on the weekends.
DO

III – After many frustrated attempts, I finally managed _______

him stay.
NO

IV – You should always put on sunscreen before ______ to the

beach.
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

210
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
20

TI
a) paying / sailing / making / going

ES
b) paying / sailing / to make / to go CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
c) pay / to sail / made / going

L
CE
d) to pay / sailing / to make / going
e) to pay / to sail / making / to go PASSIVE VOICE

S
EU
O verbo de uma oração está na voz passiva quando a ação é sofrida

AT
pelo sujeito, que não é o mesmo que pratica a ação verbal.

8M
Lorena writes beautiful poems.

79
Lorena escreve belos poemas. – Active Voice

04
01
Beautiful poems are written by Lorena.

10
Belos poemas são escritos pela Lorena. – Passive Voice

21
A voz passiva é feita através da utilização da estrutura: to be [au-

TO
xiliary] + main verb [past participle]

EN
5. (EEAR 2017) Complete the blank (line 5) with the right verb:
Assim como ocorre na língua portuguesa, o objeto da voz ativa

IM
a) is breathing b) breathing c) brought d) breath passa a ser o sujeito da voz passiva, e o sujeito da voz ativa passa a
SC
ser o agente da voz passiva (usado somente quando necessário).
NA

6. (EEAR 2015) Read the dialogue and complete it with the right
form of the verb. Quando se passa uma frase da voz ativa para a voz pas-
DO

WAITER: Are you ready to order? siva:

CLIENT: Would you mind _______ me the menu?
O

WAITER: Of course not. Here you are. a) o objeto da voz ativa torna-se sujeito da voz passiva;
IN

b) o sujeito da voz ativa torna-se agente da passiva precedido

ST

a) to bring b) brought c) bringing d) not bring por by quando for necessário;

LE

c) o verbo to be na voz passiva é conjugado sempre no mesmo

CE

7. Which sequence best completes the text below? tempo verbal do verbo principal da voz ativa;
d) o verbo principal da voz ativa passa para o particípio passado
S

When we go out on weekends, I don' t mind _____ (1). I enjoy na voz passiva.
EU

______ (2) by car because it is more comfortable and I can't

AT

resist ________ (3) to take photos. However, I avoid _______ (4) João Paulo will answer all the questions.
8M

at night as I prefer not ________ (5) the risk of _______ (6) on João Paulo responderá a todas as perguntas. – Active Voice
the wheel.
79

All the questions will be answered by João Paulo.

04

a) to drive -travel -to stop -driving -run -sleep Todas as perguntas serão respondidas por João Paulo. – Passive
1

b) driving -to travel -to stop -driving -run -sleep Voice

00

c) drive -traveling -stopping -to drive -to run -sleep

1

d) driving -traveling -stopping -driving -to run -sleeping Nobody saw her at the show.
21

e) to drive -traveling -stopping -driving -to run –sleeping Ninguém a viu no show. – Active Voice
TO
EN

She wasn’t seen at the show.

Ela não foi vista no show. – Passive Voice
IM

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

SC

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM Tim Wilson wrote The Flight to Brunnswick in 1987.

NA

Tim Wilson escreveu ‘O Vôo para Brunnswick’ em 1987. – Active

Voice
DO

The Flight to Brunnswick was written by Tim Wilson in 1987.

NO

O Vôo para Brunnswick foi escrito por Tim Wilson em 1987. – Pas-
sive Voice
I
ST
LE

They have produced over twenty different models in the past three
CE

years.
Eles produziram mais de vinte modelos nos últimos três anos. – Ac-
S

tive Voice
U
TE

211
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
The tests can be corrected on the weekends.

TI
Over twenty different models have been produced in the past Os testes podem ser corrigidos nos finais de semana.

ES
three years.
Mais de vinte modelos diferentes foram produzidos nos últimos The children may be served.

L
CE
três anos. – Passive Voice As crianças podem ser servidas.
Where did they buy that car?

S
Onde eles compraram aquele carro? – Active Voice He could have been saved.

EU
Ele podia ter sido salvo.

AT
Where was that car bought? The food must be prepared as soon as possible.

8M
Onde aquele carro foi comprado? – Active Voice A comida deve ser preparada tão logo seja possível.

79
Note que, na voz passiva, o tempo verbal do auxiliar to be é o Alguns autores consideram o equivalente a “nascer”, em inglês,

04
mesmo da voz ativa. E o agente da voz passiva, quando se fizer como uma simples expressão idiomática, mas na verdade estamos

01
necessário, é precedido por by. diante de mais um caso de voz passiva:

10
Considerações I was born in 1976.

21
Em inglês a voz passiva também é usada quando o sujeito é in- Eu nasci em 1976.

TO
definido:

EN
They were born before me.
Soccer is played a lot in Brazil. Eles nasceram antes de mim.

IM
Joga-se muito futebol no Brasil./ O futebol é muito jogado no Brasil. SC
Voz Passiva - Agente da Passiva
NA

Pizza is eaten a lot in the United States.

Consome-se muita pizza nos Estados Unidos./A pizza é bastante Há dois casos em que o agente da passiva pode ser omitido:
DO

consumida nos Estados Unidos.

1º) Quando o sujeito da voz ativa não for importante ou
O

*** Na língua inglesa, há apenas uma forma para a voz passiva, que for desconhecido ou indeterminado:
IN

equivale às duas formas em português: a sintética e a analítica.

ST

Somebody planted peas yesterday. (active voice)

LE

English is spoken here. (suj. ind.) (obj. dir.)

CE

Fala-se inglês aqui. – Voz Passiva Sintética

Inglês é falado aqui. – Voz Passiva Analítica Someone broke the window. (active voice)
S

(suj. ind.) (obj. dir.)

EU

Alguns verbos são bitransitivos, ou seja, podem ter dois objetos: um

AT

direto e outro indireto. Diferentemente do que ocorre na língua The window was broken. (passive voice)
8M

portuguesa, em inglês, ambos os objetos podem ser usados como (sujeito)

sujeito passivo:
79

2º) Quando for óbvio:

04

He gave me a necklace.
1

Ele me deu um colar. – Active Voice Japanese is spoken in Japan.

1 00

A necklace was given to me. (Who speaks a language? Japanese people do.)
21

Um colar foi dado a mim. – Passive Voice [OD]

TO

The man was arrested.

EN

I was given a necklace.

Deram-me um colar. – Passive Voice [OI] (Who arrest people? Police do.)
IM
SC

She lent us the money. – Active Voice OBS: O agente da passiva deve ser mencionado quando for impor-
NA

Ela nos emprestou dinheiro. tante para a compreensão do que é dito:

DO

The money was lent to us. – Passive Voice [OD] Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.
O dinheiro foi emprestado a nós.
NO

Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

We were lent the money. – Passive Voice [OI]
I
ST

Emprestaram-nos o dinheiro. Agora, observe nos quadros a seguir os principais tempos verbais
LE

da língua inglesa nas vozes ativa e passiva:

CE

Os Modal Verbs também podem ser usados na Passive Voice:

SIMPLE PRESENT
US

Active Voice
TE

212
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Jefferson corrects the tests on weekends. Passive Voice

TI
Jefferson corrige as provas nos finais de semana.
The tests will be being corrected by Jefferson tomorrow.

ES
Passive Voice As provas estarão sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson amanhã.

L
CE
The tests are corrected by Jefferson on weekends.
As provas são corrigidas pelo Jefferson nos finais de semana. CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE

S
Active Voice

EU
SIMPLE PAST
Jefferson would be correcting the tests if he’d had time.

AT
Active Voice Jefferson estaria corrigindo as provas se ele tivesse tido tempo

8M
Jefferson corrected the tests last weekend. Passive Voice
Jefferson corrigiu as provas no final de semana passado.

79
The tests would be being corrected by Jefferson if he’d had time.
Passive Voice

04
As provas estariam sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson se ele tivesse tido
tempo.

01
The tests were corrected by Jefferson last weekend.

10
As provas foram corrigidas pelo Jefferson no final de semana passado.
PRESENT PERFECT

21
SIMPLE FUTURE Active Voice

TO
Active Voice Jefferson has already corrected the tests.

EN
Jefferson já corrigiu as provas.
Jefferson will correct the tests next weekend.
Passive Voice

IM
Jefferson corrigirá as provas no próximo final de semana.
SC The tests have already been corrected by Jefferson.
Passive Voice
As provas já foram corrigidas pelo Jefferson.
NA

The tests will be corrected by Jefferson next weekends.

As provas serão corrigidas pelo Jefferson no próximo final de semana.
PAST PERFECT
DO

SIMPLE CONDITIONAL Active Voice

O

Jefferson had corrected the tests.

IN

Active Voice
Jefferson havia corrigido as provas.
ST

Jefferson would correct the tests if he had time.

Passive Voice
LE

Jefferson corrigiria as provas se ele tivesse tempo.

The tests had been corrected by Jefferson.
CE

Passive Voice
As provas haviam sido corrigidas pelo Jefferson.
The tests would be corrected by Jefferson if he had time.
S

As provas seriam corrigidas pelo Jefferson se ele tivesse tempo.

EU

FUTURE PERFECT
AT

Active Voice
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
8M

Jefferson will have corrected the tests.

Active Voice Jefferson terá corrigido as provas.
79

Jefferson is correcting the tests right now. Passive Voice

04

Jefferson está corrigindo as provas agora mesmo.

The tests will have been corrected by Jefferson.
1
00

Passive Voice As provas terão sido corrigidas pelo Jefferson.

1

The tests are being corrected by Jefferson right now.

21

As provas são corrigidas pelo Jefferson agora mesmo. CONDITIONAL PERFECT

TO

Active Voice
Past Continuous/Progressive
EN

Jefferson would have corrected the tests.

Active Voice Jefferson teria corrigido as provas.
IM

Passive Voice
SC

Jefferson was correcting the tests yesterday.

Jefferson estava corrigindo as provas ontem. The tests would have been corrected by Jefferson.
NA

Passive Voice As provas teriam sido corrigidas pelo Jefferson.

DO

The tests were being corrected by Jefferson yesterday.

As provas estavam sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson ontem.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
NO

Active Voice
FUTURE CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
I

Jefferson has been correcting the tests.

ST

Active Voice Jefferson está corrigindo as provas.

LE

Jefferson will be correcting the tests tomorrow. Passive Voice

CE

Jefferson estará corrigindo as provas amanhã.

US
TE

213
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
The tests have been being corrected by Jefferson. The tests will have been being corrected by Jefferson.

TI
As provas estão sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson. As provas teriam estado sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson.

L ES
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE

CE
Active Voice QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM

S
Jefferson had been correcting the tests.

EU
Jefferson esteve corrigindo as provas.
1. The exam __________ yesterday.

AT
Passive Voice

8M
The tests had been being corrected by Jefferson. a) has made d) to be make
As provas estiveram sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson. b) was made e) was maked

79
c) is being made

04
TO BE GOING TO [FUTURE]

01
2. Fill in the blank correctly:
Active Voice

10
The documents __________ by your father.
Jefferson is going to correct the tests tomorrow.

21
Jefferson vai corrigir as provas amanhã. a) will be sign d) would have been sign

TO
Passive Voice b) has been signed e) had had signed

EN
c) had been signed
The tests are going to be corrected by Jefferson.

IM
As provas vão ser corrigidas pelo Jefferson amanhã.
3. All the subjects __________ now.
SC
TO BE GOING TO [PAST]
NA

a) will being discussed d) has been discussed

Active Voice b) is being discussed e) had had been discussed
DO

Jefferson was going to correct the tests today. c) are being discussed
Jefferson ia corrigir as provas hoje.
O

4. “The girls can iron the clothes” into the Passive Voice is: The
IN

Passive Voice
clothes __________ by the girls.
ST

The tests were going to be corrected by Jefferson today.

LE

As provas iam ser corrigidas pelo Jefferson hoje.

a) could be ironed d) should be ironed
CE

Por serem raríssimas na voz passiva, apenas por curiosidade, b) can be ironed e) are able to be ironed
acompanhe as estruturas a seguir: c) cannot be ironed
S
EU

PERFECT INFINITIVE
AT

Active Voice
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
8M

Jefferson may/must/should have corrected the tests.

Jefferson pode ter corrigido as provas.
79

Passive Voice 1. Give the Passive Voice of the sentence below:

04

Astronomers study stars, planets, and other celestial bodies.

The tests may/must/should have been corrected by Jefferson.
1
00

As provas podem/devem/deveriam ter sido corrigidas pelo Jefferson.

a) Stars, planets, and other celestial bodies study astronomers.
1

b) Stars, planets, and other celestial bodies are studied by as-

21

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE

tronomers.
TO

Active Voice c) Stars, planets, and other celestial bodies are studying astro-
EN

Jefferson will have been correcting the tests. nomers.

Jefferson terá estado corrigindo as provas. d) Stars, planets, and other celestial bodies were studied by as-
IM

Passive Voice tronomers.

SC

e) Stars, planets, and other celestial bodies are not studied by

The tests will have been being corrected by Jefferson.
NA

astronomers.
As provas terão estado sendo corrigidas pelo Jefferson.
DO

2. The Passive Voice of “She bought a nice dress last week” is:
CONDITIONAL PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
NO

Active Voice a) She was bought by a nice dress last week.

b) A nice dress was being bought by her last week.
I

Jefferson would have been correcting the tests.

ST

Jefferson teria estado corrigindo as provas. c) A nice dress was bought by she the week before.
LE

d) Last week she bought a nice dress.

Passive Voice
CE

e) Last week a nice dress was bought.

US
TE

214
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
3. “We may clone animals” changed into the Passive Voice is: d) Someone has started this conversation.

TI
e) We are taught English and German by dad.

ES
a) We may be cloned by animals.
b) Animals may not be cloned. 10. A friend told Julie the news.

L
CE
c) Animals may be cloned by we. – Mark the correct sentence:
d) Animals may be cloned.

S
e) We may not clone animals. a) A friend was told the news.

EU
b) A friend of Julie told the news.

AT
4. “She advised me about the meeting” changed into the Passive c) Julie was told the news.

8M
Voice is: d) Julie will be told the news.
e) Julie and a friend were told the news.

79
a) The meeting was advised me by her.

04
b) She advised the meeting about me. 11. The passive form of “Sorry, but we are remodelling the airport” is:

01
c) She was advised about the meeting.

10
d) I was advised about the meeting. a) Sorry, but the airport is being remodelled.

21
e) If I were advised about the meeting by her. b) Sorry, but the airports are being remodelled.
c) Sorry, but the airport was being remodelled.

TO
5. “What are they going to do to save the children?” into the Pas- d) Sorry, but the airport has been being remodelled.

EN
sive Voice is: e) Sorry, but the airport had been remodelled.

IM
a) What is going to be done to save the children? Consider the following sentence, taken from the text and simplified
SC
b) What are going to be done to save the children? for better practice: “At five o’clock every Friday, offices all over the
NA

c) What are the children going to do to save them? center of London liberated their staffs.”
d) What will they going to do to save the children?
DO

e) What will the children going to do to save us? 12. Choose the alternative which presents the correct form of the
sentence in the passive voice:
O

6. Change the following sentence to the Passive Voice:

IN

Did the army surround the city? a) Offices all over the center of London liberated their staffs at
ST

five o’clock every Friday.

LE

a) Is the city surrounded by the army? b) Offices all over the center of London were liberated by their
CE

b) Was the city surround by the army? staffs at five o’clock every Friday
c) The city was surround by the army. c) Every Friday at five o’clock was liberated by all the offices all
S

d) Was the city surrounded by the army? over the center of London
EU

e) Was the army surrounded by the city? d) At five o’clock every Friday, staffs were liberated from offices
AT

all over the center of London.

8M

7. Change the following sentence into the Active Voice:

You will be visited by your doctor next week. 13. Match the Column 1 to Column 2, linking the verbs occurrence to
79

their correct voice of the verb.

04

a) Your doctor will visit you next week.

1

b) Your doctor will be visited you next week. Column 1

00

c) Your doctor would visit you next week. 1. Active voice.

1

d) Your doctor shall be a visit for you next week. 2. Passive voice.
21

e) Your doctor will be visit by you next week.

TO

Column 2
EN

8. Change the following sentence into the Active Voice: ( ) the book that they have chosen (l.05-06).
Those buildings must be finished in six months. ( ) Matilda has read (page 12) into a genre (l. 18-19).
IM

( ) One of the cards has been left blank for children (l.19).
SC

a) Those buildings will finish in six months. ( ) how they have been inspired by reading Matilda […] (l.42).
NA

b) Those buildings must finish in six months.

c) They will finish those buildings in six months. The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top to the
DO

d) They must be finished by those buildings in six months. bottom, is:

e) They must finish those buildings in six months.
NO

a) 1 – 1 – 2 – 2.
9. Which sentence is not in the Passive Voice? b) 1 – 2 – 1 – 2.
I
ST

c) 2 – 1 – 1 – 2.
LE

a) The boys were called by the teacher after class. d) 2 – 2 – 1 – 1.

CE

b) Mr. Johnson’s idea can be found in his new book. e) 2 – 1 – 2 – 1.

c) Jane was promised a new watch by mom.
US
TE

215
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
14. In the sentence “You may be surrounded by other people […]” a) The pilot’s license was suspended.

TI
(line 01-02) we find the use of passive voice. The correct construc- b) The pilot was removed from the cockpit.

ES
tion of this phrase on the active form is: c) All the passengers were put at the hotels.
d) An airport employee noticed the drunk pilot.

L
CE
a) Other people may have surrounded you.
b) Other people surround you. 21. Which of the following is being used in the Passive Voice?

S
c) Other people surrounded you.

EU
d) Other people may like you. a) Williams used supercomputers simulations (...) (line 20)

AT
e) Other people may surround you. b) But more frequent jolts in mid-air could be one way (...) (li-

8M
nes 3 and 4)
15. Mark the CORRECT alternative according to the correct grammar c) The practical impacts of climate change can be hard to

79
use of the Passive Voice: The passive voice to the sentence below is: predict (...) (lines 1 and 2)

04
d) Climate change is expected to lead to stronger vertical

01
“Many people around the world understand English” wind shears (...) (lines 16 and 17)

10
22. Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?

21
a) English was understood by many people around the world.
b) English has been understood by many people around the Neopalpadonaidtrumpi

TO
world.

EN
c) English is understood by many people around the world. Scientists _______ for the objectivity, but that ______ they don't have
d) English is being understood by many people around the a sense of humour. When DrVazrickNatari______the white tufts cap-

IM
world. ping the head of a new species of moth he ______around Baja Cali-
SC
ed. fornia, one person______to mind: Donald J Trump. Explaining why he
NA

______Neopalpadonaidtrumpi for the organism in 2017, Natari said:

16. The passive voice of the phrase “Mary will have made the cake” is: The specific epithet______because of the resemblance of the scales
DO

on the frons (head) of the moth to Mr. Trump’s hairstyle’.

a) Mary will make the cake.
O

b) The cake is made by Mary. (Adapted from http: / / blog.oxforddicttonaries. com)

IN

c) Mary will have being making the cake.

ST

d) The cake will have been made by Mary. a) are known / isn’t meant / was seen / discovered / came /
LE

was chosen / has selected

CE

17. Which option below displays the best passive for b) know / doesn't mean / saw / was discovered / was come /
“I took my first steps”? was chosen / has selected
S

c) are known / doesn’t mean / saw / discovered / came / cho-

EU

a) My first steps I took. se / has been selected

AT

b) My first steps had been taken. d) are known / isn’t meant / saw / discovered / was come /
8M

c) My first steps were taken. was chosen / has selected

d) My first steps I am taken. e) know / doesn't mean / was seen / was discovered / came /
79

chose / has been selected

04

18. Which of the sentences below is in passive voice:

1
00

a) They are going to play a new soccer game.

1

b) The dishes have not been washed by me.

21

c) My father has given up smoking.

TO

d) Do you agree with staying in a hotel?

EN

19. Which of the following sentence is being used in passive voice?

IM
SC

a) Riordan was pulled halfway out of the aircraft.

NA

b) Passengers were able to pull Riordan back into the plane.

c) It was the first fatality in US passenger plane accident in
DO

nine years.
d) Another passenger felt severe pressure after positioning his
NO

back against the opening cabin.

I
ST
LE
CE

20. All the sentences below are in the passive voice, EXCEPT, 23. Choose the correct alternative to have the passive voice from
the sentence, in bold type, in the text.
US
TE

216
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
c) has alarmed

TI
Their lives _______ in danger to save their owners. d) has been alarming

ES
e) alarmed
a) is put

L
CE
b) are put 28. “…a new test has been designed using flight simulators,…” (sen-
c) was put tence 01) given this sentence, its active form is

S
d) were put

EU
a) Flight simulators are being used by professionals on a new

AT
24. Choose the correct alternative that presents the right form of test.

8M
passive voice for the sentence below. b) Professionals have used design in flight simulators new
tests.

79
They are repairing the roof. c) Professionals have designed a new test using flight simula-

04
tors.

01
a) The roof is being repaired by them. d) Flight simulators have designed a new test to be used by

10
b) The roof has been repaired by them. professionals.

21
c) The roof is repairing by them.
d) The roof has repaired by them 29. The correct active voice for “The parachute, the radio and even

TO
the brakes had been removed by the mechanic.”, (lines 5- 7), is

EN
25. Choose the alternative that has the sentence “Operation Des-
ert Storm was not won by smart weaponry” (paragraph 2) correctly a) The parachute, the radio and even the brakes were remo-

IM
changed into active voice. ved.
SC
b) The parachute, the radio and even the brakes had to be re-
NA

a) Smart weaponry hasn’t won operation desert storm. moved.

b) Smart weaponry didn’t win operation desert storm. c) The mechanic has removed the parachute, the radio and
DO

c) Smart weaponry doesn’t win operation desert storm. even the brakes.
d) Smart weaponry isn’t winning operation desert storm. d) The mechanic had removed the parachute, the radio and
O

e) Smart weaponry won’t win operation desert storm. even the brakes.
IN
ST

26. Which option completes the paragraph below correctly? 30. What’s the passive voice for “A student offended a teacher by
LE

using the social network.”?

CE

Electric Bikes
a) A student had used the social network to offend a teacher.
S

The US is different from other countries when it comes to electric b) A student has used the social network to offend a teacher
EU

bikes. Nearly 32m e-bikes________ in 2014, most of them in China, c) A teacher was offended by a student using the social ne-
AT

where they are primarily used for transportation. They are popular in twork.
8M

much of Europe, too. They are common in the Netherlands and Swit- d) A teacher has been offended by a student using the social
zerland; German postal workers use them to get around and BMW network.
79

offers one for about $3,000.

04

31. What’s the active voice for “A 78-year-old man died after he had
1

Electric bikes are different from motorcycles or mopeds, which rely been punched by a driver.”?
00

on motorized power; they are bicycles that ______ with - or without

1

- help from an electric motor. Riding an e-bike feels like riding a nor- A 78-year-old man died after a driver _______ him.
21

mal bike with a strong wind behind you; the motor just helps you to
TO

go faster or climb hills. Unlike mopeds, e-bicycles ________ on bike a) has punched
EN

paths and they cannot travel faster than 20mph. b) had punched
(Abridged from www.theguardian.com) c) was punching
IM

d) would have punched

SC

a) were sold/can be pedaled/are usually permitted

NA

b) were sold/can pedal/usually permit 32. What’s the passive voice for “…officials are investigating re-
c) are sold/can be pedaled/are usually permitted ports…”, (line 7)?
DO

d) have been sold/can pedal/usually permit

e) have been sold/can be pedaled/are usually permitted a) Reports are being investigated.
NO

b) Reports were being investigated.

27. Russian Sports Minister says he ___________ by the slow pace of c) Officials were investigating reports.
I
ST

designing the country’s stadiums for the 2018 World Cup and threat- d) Officials have been investigating reports.
LE

ened heads will roll if the situation is not rectified.

CE

a) is alarming
b) is alarmed 33. Select the alternative that contains the passive voice of the sen-
US
TE

217
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
tence below: Thread – one part connecting with another

TI
ES
Somebody has hurt Ronaldo during the soccer match. 38. Mark the correct option to complete the passage.

L
CE
a) Ronaldo is hurt during the soccer match. The last sentence of the paragraph means that identity on the indi-
b) Ronaldo was hurt during the soccer match. vidual and the group _______ by religion.

S
c) Ronaldo had been hurt during the soccer match.

EU
d) Ronaldo has been hurt during the soccer match. a) confirms

AT
b) confirmed

8M
34. In the sentence “It is being added to the normal atmosphere” c) is confirmed
(line10), we can find the passive voice of which verb tense? d) was confirmed

79
04
a) future 39. Read the sentences below extracted from the text and mark the

01
b) simple present alternative that has the only ones in the Passive Voice.

10
c) past progressive

21
d) present progressive I. “The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by
Walt Disney...” (lines 1,2)

TO
35. The Passive Voice of the sentence 'He is now testing the theory...'

EN
(line 15) is II. “Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures.”
(lines 2,3)

IM
a) Now the theory was testing by him. SC
b) The theory was now tested. III. “The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph
NA

c) The theory is being tested now. and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet...” (lines 4 to 6)
d) He tested the theory.
DO

IV. “The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until
36. The sentence “the smallest butterfly in the world is found in the release of Finding Nemo.” (lines 8, 9)
O

South Africa. ” in the Active Voice becomes

IN

a) I and III.
ST

a) “People would find the smallest butterfly in the world in b) II and IV.
LE

South Africa.” c) III and II.

CE

b) “People found the smallest butterfly in the world in South d) IV and I.

Africa.”
S

c) “People find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Afri- 40. The correct passive voice for “She had developed an efficient
EU

ca.” method…” is: An efficient method

AT

d) “People are going to find the smallest butterfly in the world

8M

in South Africa.” a) has developed

b) had been developed
79

37. Choose the alternative that correctly states the voice in the sen- c) has been developing
04

tences below: d) was being developed

1
00

We have lost our keys. They were singing a song. The bike is being 41. Which of the sentences below contains a verb in the passive
1

fixed. voice?
21
TO

a) active - passive - passive a) “...but have never actually performed surgery on people.”
EN

b) passive - active - active b) “Medical robots in the U.S. have been used to locate hard-
c) active - passive - active -to-find tumors...”
IM

d) passive - passive - passive c) “The robot played a key role in a total hip replacement.”
SC

e) active - active – passive d) “Robo surgery doesn’t have to stop at the hip.”
NA

Religion ________ central to people's lives in Africa. Although the 42. Choose the correct form for the passive voice of the following
DO

majority of Africans are now Muslim or Christian, traditional re- sentence.

ligions have endured and still play a big role. Religion runs like a ‘They have taken her to the hospital.’
NO

thread through daily life, marked by prayers of gratitude in times of

plenty and prayers of supplication in times of need. Religion con-
I
ST

firms identity on the individual and the group.

LE
CE

GLOSSARY: a) She was taken to the hospital.

Endure – to continue to exist for a long time b) She is being taken to the hospital.
US
TE

218
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
c) She has been taken to the hospital.

TI
d) She had been taken to the hospital.

ES
GABARITO
GABARITO
43. We can’t go along here because the road is ____________.

L
CE
APRENDIZAGEM
a) been repaired

S
b) being repaired 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B

EU
c) repair

AT
APROFUNDAMENTO
d) repaired

8M
e) be repair 1. B 2. E 3. D 4. D 5. A

6. D 7. A 8. E 9. D 10. C

79
44. Which alternative contains a clause from the passage in the pas-
11. A 12. D 13. A 14. E 15. C

04
sive voice?

01
16. D 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D

10
a) [...] it was rumors about the possible appearance of an iWa- 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B

21
tch.
26. A 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C
b) [...] a watch would "fill a gaping hole in the Apple ecosystem"

TO
[...] 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. C

EN
c) The article offered no proof that Apple [...] 36. C 37. E 38. C 39. A 40. B
d) [...] or that the device that was rapidly christened an iWatch

IM
41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A
[...] SC
e) But the story offers a fascinating insight [...] 46. A
NA

45. Choose the best option to complete the active form of the sen-
DO

tence: “The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology,

social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology” (lines 17
O

to 19).
IN
ST

The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy,

LE

and zoology ______________ the study of friendship.

CE

a) include
S

b) have included
EU

c) are including
AT

d) have been including

8M

Economists have recognized that physical beauty affects wages,

79

even in occupations where appearance does not seem relevant to

04

job performance. It seems that attractive men and women are paid
1

more than ordinary people for the same work.

100

(Taken from The International Herald Tribune)

21
TO

46. Choose the best alternative that presents the correct verb tense
EN

and the voice of the verbs underlined in the text, respectively.

IM

a) present perfect/active voice; simple present/passive voice.

SC

b) simple present/passive voice; present perfect/active voice.

NA

c) simple past/passive voice; present perfect/active voice.

d) past perfect/active voice; simple present/passive voice.
DO
NO
I
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

219
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES 4 - Choose the best option to change the sentence “human

ES
capacities are represented in the brain” (line 32), into the ac-
tive form.

L
CE
1. Mark the option in which the sentence is an example of pas-
sive voice. The brain _______________ human capacities.

S
EU
a) Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as inherently anti- a)has represented c)has been represented

AT
social, biologically driven by the undisciplined id's ple- b)represents d)representing

8M
asure principle. (lines 21 to 23)
b) People who haven't met their most basic needs will 5. Choose the alternative that presents the passive voice of the

79
have difficulty maturing. (lines 31 and 32) sentence below.

04
c) Humans have been captivated by stories of heroes fa-

01
cing off against superhuman foes. (lines 49 to 51) The expanding Hispanic population in the U.S. still hasn’t crea-

10
d) We have needed heroes who rise to the occasion, over- ted a market for Spanish-language pictures.

21
come great odds and take down giants.(lines 85 to 87)
a) A market for Spanish-language pictures hasn’t been

TO
2. The sentence “People negotiate and consume drugs”, in the created by the expanding Hispanic population.

EN
Passive Voice is: b) A market for Spanish-language pictures hadn’t been
created by the expanding Hispanic population.

IM
a) Drugs are negotiated and consumed. c) A market for Spanish-language pictures isn’t being cre-
SC
b) Drugs were negotiated and consumed. ated by the expanding Hispanic population.
NA

c) Drugs will be negotiated and consumed. d) A market for Spanish-language pictures wasn’t being
d) Drugs had been negotiated and consumed. created by the expanding Hispanic population.
DO

3. What’s the active voice for “The bike path was inaugurated
O

earlier this year”. CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

IN

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
ST

a) Someone has inaugurated the bike path earlier this year.

LE

b) Someone will inaugurate the bike path earlier this year.

CE

c) Someone inaugurated the bike path earlier this year.

d) Someone inaugurates the bike path earlier this year.
21
S

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
EU
AT

CONDITIONALS
8M
79

Basicamente, existem três tipos de orações condicionais na língua

04

inglesa. Para compô-las, é imprescindível que saibamos algumas

1

combinações de tempos/modos verbais.

100

First Conditional [Present|Future Possible]

21

Expressa condições possíveis ou algo que inevitavelmente acon-

TO

tece ou acontecerá. Sua formação obedece as seguintes combi-

EN

nações:
IM

Simple Present + Simple present

SC

Simple Present + Simple future

NA

[Conditional Clause + Main Clause]

DO

If you save money, you get to buy what you want.

Se você economizar dinheiro, você consegue comprar o que quis-
NO

er.
I
ST

If you study hard, you pass.

LE

Se você estudar bastante, você passa.

CE

If he gets the Green Card, he will go to the USA.

S

Se ele conseguir o Green Card, ele irá para os EUA.

U
TE

220
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
If you don’t study, you will fail. - Condicionais com Continuous|Progressive Tenses:

ES
Se você não estudar, fracassará.
If I weren’t studying now, I would play soccer with you.

L
CE
Há autores que classificam a combinação Simple Present + Simple Se eu não estivesse estudando agora, eu jogaria futebol com vocês.
Present como Zero Conditional.

S
If he hadn’t been working yesterday, he would have gone to the

EU
Second Conditional [Present Unreal] pub with us.

AT
Expressa uma condição hipotética, possível, mas pouco provável Se ele não tivesse estado trabalhando ontem, ele teria ido para o

8M
que aconteça. Obedece a seguinte combinação: ‘pub’ conosco.

79
Simple Past + Simple Conditional - Condicionais com Modal Verbs:

04
[Conditional Clause + Main Clause]

01
If she wanted to, she could go.

10
If I had money, I would travel around the world. Se ela quisesse, poderia/podia ir.

21
Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.
If you don’t study, you can fail.

TO
If I were you, I would go. Se você não estudar, pode fracassar.

EN
Se eu fosse você, iria.
If they had worked, they might have got better salaries.

IM
If you knew English, your life would be easier. Se eles tivessem trabalhado, poderiam ter conseguido salários
SC
Se você soubesse inglês, sua vida seria mais fácil. melhores.
NA

If he arrived, we would play WAR. If he comes, he must bring the documents.

DO

Se ele chegasse, nós jogaríamos WAR. Se ele vier, deve trazer os documentos.
O

Third Conditional [Past Unreal] - Condicionais com Time Transference [chamadas de Mixed Con-
IN

Expressa condições impossíveis de serem realizadas. É formado ditionals]:

ST

através da seguinte combinação:

LE

If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now.

CE

Past Perfect + Perfect Conditional Se eu tivesse tomado uma aspirina, não estaria com dor de cabeça
[Conditional Clause + Main Clause] agora. – Past Perfect + Simple Conditional
S
EU

If they had played better, they would have won the championship. If she had enough money, she would have done that trip to Hawaii.
AT

Se eles tivessem jogado melhor, teriam ganhado o campeonato. Se ela tivesse dinheiro suficiente, teria feito aquela viagem ao Ha-
8M

waii. – Simple Past + Perfect Conditional

If she’d gone with us, the party would have been better.
79

Se ela tivesse ido conosco, a festa teria sido melhor. If I weren't flying to Detroit, I would have planned a trip to Van-
04

couver.
1

If he had driven carefully, he wouldn’t have crashed against the Se eu não estivesse indo para Detroit, teria planejado uma viagem
00

wall. para Vancouver. – Past Continuous|Progressive + Perfect Conditional

1

Se ele tivesse dirigido com cuidado, não teria se chocado contra

21

o muro.
TO
EN

Had they worked harder, they would have received more money.
Tivessem eles trabalhado mais, eles teriam recebido mais dinheiro.
IM
SC

Considerações
NA

Há outros tipos de combinações que podem ser usadas para ex-

pressar situações condicionais:
DO

- Condicionais com Imperativo:

NO

If he passes, give him a present.

I
ST

Se ele passar, dê um presente a ele.

LE
CE

If you go to the show, avoid alcohol.

Se você for ao show, evite álcool.
US
TE

221
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
b) had had – have asked

TI
c) would have – asked
OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES

ES
d) would have – would have asked
e) have – would ask

L
CE
Observação 1: A ordem das orações pode ser invertida (Main
Clause + Conditional Clause), sem causar danos ao sentido da 3. __________, they would have traveled with us.

S
frase.

EU
a) Have they been approved

AT
Won’t you be happy if your team wins? b) Had them been approved

8M
Você não ficará feliz se seu time vencer? c) Had had they been approved
d) Had they been approved

79
Your life would be easier if you knew English. e) Had they being approved

04
Sua vida seria mais fácil se você soubesse inglês.

01
4. If she had gotten the Green Card, she __________ to the U.S.A.

10
The party would have been better if she had gone with us.

21
A festa teria sido melhor se ela tivesse ido. a) had had gone d) would had gone
b) would have gone e) would haven’t gone

TO
Podemos usar outras palavras além de if para formar- c) had been gone

EN
mos as condicionais.
5. I __________ you double if you __________ the work finished by

IM
Don’t call me unless you need. Friday. SC
Não me ligue a não ser que precise.
NA

a) will pay – get d) will pay – would get

I wasn't sure whether you'd like it. b) pay – will get e) would have paid - get
DO

Eu não tinha certeza se você iria gostar. c) would pay – will get
O

She will call you whether or not you want. 6. If anyone __________ for me, please __________ them I'll be back
IN

Ela ligará pra você ou você queira ou não. in the office at 4 o'clock.
ST
LE

Study harder, otherwise you will not be approved. a) ring – will tell c) rings – tell
CE

Estude mais, senão você não será aprovado. b) ring – can tell d) rings – told
S

I wouldn't work for them even if they paid me twice my current 7. Complete meaningfully the sentence below:
EU

salary. __________ you __________ me to say you're not coming, I

AT

Eu não trabalharia pra eles, mesmo se pagassem o dobro do __________ you at the theater.
8M

meu salário atual.

a) Whether – calls – will see
79

He's welcome to come along, provided that he behaves hi- b) Unless – called – wouldn’t see
04

mself. c) Unless – had called – will see

1

Ele é bem-vindo para vir junto, contanto que se comporte. d) Unless – call - will see
00

e) If – call - would
1
21

8. The sentence “If I had studied, I would have passed the exams”
TO

is equivalent in meaning to:

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
EN

a) Unless I had studied, I would have passed the exams.

IM

1. Fill in the blanks correctly: b) Had I studied, I would have passed the exams.
SC

If you __________ some money, __________ it within your own com- c) Even if I hadn’t studied, I would have passed the exams
NA

pany. d) If I could have studied, I wouldn’t have passed the exams

e) If I studied, I will passed the exams.
DO

a) had – invest d) had had – invested

b) have – invest e) would have – had invested 9. Select the best alternative to complete the sentences below:
NO

c) have – had invested

I. If they __________ money, they will build a big house.
I
ST

2. If they __________ a chance, they __________ you to join in the II. If you __________ out more, you would meet a few people.
LE

project. III. If he __________ his restaurant, he would have got more cus-
CE

tomers.
a) had had – would have asked IV. If she __________ so fast, she wouldn't have crashed her car.
US
TE

222
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
V. If we __________ a car, we wouldn't have to spend all our time 3. ( ) if you have time, because I’ll arrive late.

TI
waiting for buses. 4. ( ) they would have visited us.

ES
5. ( ) if she were you.
a) have; went; had cleaned; hadn't been driving; had 6. ( ) they’ll give part of the money to a non-governmental

L
CE
b) have; go; cleaned; wasn't driving; have organization.
c) had; went; was cleaned; hadn't driven; has 7. ( ) give her my best regards.

S
d) have had; have gone; had cleaned; hadn't been driven; have had

EU
e) have; have gone; has cleaned; hadn't driven; have

AT
8M
10. "Come back to me and you will really know what happiness can QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
be" means:

79
04
a) If you come back to me, you will know what happiness can be. 1. (EPCAR 2017) Complete the fragment below with the grammati-

01
b) If coming back makes you happy, it could bring happiness cally correct verb tense.

10
to me.

21
c) If you come back to me, you would know what happiness According to paragraph four, if the earth is hollow, you ________ it
could be. via portals at the north and south poles.

TO
d) Come back to me or else you won’t know what could be

EN
happiness. a) accessed b) have entered c) will reach d) stays
e) Come back to me even if you won’t know what could be

IM
happiness. SC
2. (MARINHA 2016) You should have called the Master if the pro-
NA

11. Choose the correct alternative to complete the following sen- blem
tence:
DO

"If she hadn’t been so bad-tempered, I __________ her." a) continue. d) would have continued.
b) has continued. e) had continued.
O

a) shall have married d) would have paid c) was being continued.

IN

b) ought to have married e) must have married

ST

c) might have married

LE
CE

12. Complete meaningfully the following sentence:

Had they studied hard, they __________.
S
EU

a) would pass d) would have pass

AT

b) wouldn’t have passed e) would haven’t passed

8M

c) would have passed

79

13. Complete the sentence below meaningfully:

04

__________ they __________ harder, they __________.

1
00

a) Unless – had studied – wouldn’t have failed

1

b) Unless – hadn’t studied – would have failed

21

c) If – had studied – would have failed

TO

d) Unless – had studied – would have failed

EN

e) If – hadn’t studied – wouldn’t have failed 3. Replace the numbers (1) and (2) in the cartoon with the right
form of the verbs.
IM

14. Match the sentences:

SC

a) (1) will look – (2) had sink

NA

a) If Demi and Joe had had enough time, b) (1) would look – (2) had sank
b) She’ll get tired, c) (1) would look – (2) hadn’t sunk
DO

c) If you see your grandmother, d) (1) wouldn’t look – (2) haven’t sunk
d) We’d have met William at the office
NO

e) If they win the lottery, 4. The first conditional expresses a possibility in the future. Com-
f) Please, make dinner plete with the most suitable verb forms.
I
ST

g) She’d talk to the doctor about this problem

LE

“If you __________on the Internet, you ___________ that almost

CE

1. ( ) if we had arrived earlier. every day of the year celebrates some kind of food”
2. ( ) if she keeps working until late at night.
US
TE

223
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) Were looking – would seeing

TI
b) Are looking – would see 10. (EN 2014) Mark the correct sentence.

ES
c) Had looked – would have seen
d) Look – will see a) What would you do if you see a bug in your food?

L
CE
e) Looks – sees b) If you'll have some time tonight you should study.
c) When I graduate, I'll apply for a job in another country.

S
5. (IME 2013) Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que complete a d) If it will rain tomorrow, I won't go out.

EU
sentença corretamente: e) I'll give you a call as soon as I'll get home.

AT
8M
If we don’t hurry up, all the best seats ___________. 11. (EFOMM 2010) Mark the option in which the if-clause expres-
ses that it is possible, but very unlikely, that the condition will be

79
a) will take d) are taken fulfilled.

04
b) take e) would be taken

01
c) will be taken a) If I’d seen her, I would have asked her to call Mary.

10
b) If you get a taxi, you will get there in no time.
6. (EEAR 2010) Select the alternative in which the conditional sen-

21
c) If I am late for work, my boss gets angry with me.
tence has the same idea as in “…the skill of the pilot kept the airli- d) If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

TO
ner from colliding with the airport.”, (lines 10, 11 and 12). e) If I had passed this exam, I would have been promoted.

EN
a) The plane will collide with the airport if the pilot is skilled. 12. The conditions expressed in the sentences "If they had known

IM
b) The plane would have collided with the airport if the pilot the outcomes, they would have taken different measures" and "you
SC
were skilled. should know people better, if you really want to make more friends"
NA

c) If the pilot were not skilled, the plane would have collided are, respectively:
with the airport.
DO

d) If the pilot had been skilled, the plane would not have colli- a) unlikely / unlikely d) impossible / likely
ded with the airport. b) impossible / unlikely e) likely / impossible
O

c) likely / unlikely
IN

7. (AFA 2009) Mark the option which shows another way to rewrite
ST

the conditional sentences above, correctly. 13. (EFOMM 2013) Mark the correct option to complete the senten-
LE

ce. ‘Why aren’t you going to London with your parents?’

CE

I - You can do none of the activities if you don't be with an instruc- ‘If only I ____________ enough time, I’d certainly go with them’.
tor.
S

II - We will not let you start an activity unless you have the correct a) was having d) had
EU

equipment. b) will have e) have

AT

III - You cannot going scuba diving if you haven't done the training c) would have
8M

course.
IV - Remember you can't leave the centre if you don't say where 14. (EFOMM 2014) Choose the alternative with the verbs that cor-
79

you go. rectly complete the sentences below.

1 04

a) I, II and III. c) I, II and IV. 1 - If I were you, I _____ him the truth.
00

b) II and IV. d) III and IV. 2 - If I had been in your place, I _____ this.
1

3 - If I knew her name, I ____ you.

21

8. (AFA 2011) After reading the first item of the instructions, mark 4 - If I hadn’t saved money, I _____ this sports car now.
TO

the option that completes the gap in the converted sentence be- 5 - If it rains next Sunday, I _____ home.
EN

low.
“If you want to become a stunt double you ________ exercise regu- a) tell – wouldn't say – will tell - will buy – will stay
IM

larly.” b) told – would say – would tell - would buy – would have stayed
SC

c) would tell – wouldn't have said – should tell – wouldn’t buy

NA

a) had to b) might c) could d) must – will stay

d) will tell - would have said – had told – buy – would stay
DO

9. (EN 2014) Which is the best sequence to complete the paragra- e) would have told – wouldn't have said – should tell – am
ph? buying – will stay
NO

Dangerous bactéria can become resistant to antibiot- 15. (EN 2013) Which alternative below is INCORRECT?
I
ST

ics if they _________________ prescribed too often. That is why the

LE

overuse of antibiotics is harmful. a) If my father were alive, he would be turning 70 next week.
CE

b) If my boyfriend would have a job, we could get married.

a) won' t be b) are c) will be d) aren't e) can't be c) They would be happier if they had a house by the sea.
S

d) Would you go to the party if you weren't feeling well?

U
TE

224
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
e) I would go out with him if he was more polite. 12. The world ___________________ a better place if politicians

TI
were less vain. (to be)

ES
Which of the alternatives below correctly completes the sentence? 13. I wouldn't do that if I ___________________ you. (to be)

L
CE
16. (EN 2012) According to some scientífic studies, if children (1) 14. Water boils if you _________ (heat it to 100 ºc)
______ exposed to dirt early in life, their immune system will be

S
strengthened.

EU
AT
a) is b) are c) will be d) won' t be e) were GABARITO
GABARITO

8M
17. (EPCAR 2013) Mark the right option to complete the statement.
APRENDIZAGEM

79
If the plane hadn't been delayed in taking off, the passengers

04
________ about the events in New York and Washington. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A

01
6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A

10
a) wouldn't have known c) would know
11. C 12. C 13. A

21
b) shouldn't have known d) hadn't known
14.

TO
18. (EN 2010) Which alternative completes the sentence correctly? 1) d

EN
2) b
Listen! He is broke! If he ____ (1) the money, he ____ (2) you. 3) f

IM
4) a SC
a) had - would certainly help 5) g
NA

b) had had - certainly helped 6) e

c) has had - would certainly help 7) c
DO

d) had had - helped

e) has – helped APROFUNDAMENTO
O

1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C
IN

19. Fill in the blank with the right conditional:

ST

6. C 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C
1. If it's hot, we___________________ for a swim. (to go)
LE

11. D 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. E

CE

2. If Valencia FC win the Spanish football league, I _____________ 16. B 17. A 18. A
my hair blue. (to dye)
19.
S
EU

3. I ___________________ that if I were you. It's bad luck. (to do) 1. wil go 2. will dye
AT

3. wouldn’t do 4. smile
8M

4. You'll find life much easier if you ___________________ more of-

ten. (to smile) 5. you mix sugar 6. would write
79

7. it gets pink/ you get pink 8. didn’t drink

04

5. If________________________________________ , it tastes sweet.

9. paid 10. do
1

(mix sugar)
00

11. would have visited 12. would be

1

6. If i had more free time, I ___________________ a play. (to write)

21

13. were. 14. you heat it to 100 ºC.

TO

7. If you mix red and white ____________________________(get/

EN

pink)
IM

8. If you ___________________ so much beer, you wouldn't be so

SC

fat. (to drink)

NA

9. I wouldn't go out with him even if you ___________________ me.

DO

(to pay)
NO

10. If you ___________________ your homework now, you'll be free

all tomorrow. (to do)
I
ST
LE

11. If he had known you were in hospital , he ___________________

CE

you. (to visit)

US
TE

225
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES
22

TI
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

L ES
CE
1. If Hagar’s friend had told the soldiers what he was asked to in
English he would have said: MODAL VERBS

S
EU
a) If you go away, we will not harm you. Os Modal Verbs são aqueles que têm a função de verbo auxiliar

AT
b) If they go away, we will not harm you. e exprimem uma condição ou ideia ao serem utilizados. Suas

8M
c) If you went away, we will not harm you. principais características são: não atribuem tempo ao verbo prin-
d) If they will go away, we will not harm you. cipal; não possuem as três formas primitivas: infinitivo, passado e

79
particípio passado; nunca recebem -s na 3ª pessoa do singular;

04
2. (EEAR 2016) Choose the correct alternative to complete the não possuem -ING Form; são sempre seguidos de um verbo no

01
sentence. infinitivo sem to (quando não há um verbo principal após o Mo-

10
After landing safely pilots and crew will have a few days of dal, temos então uma situação elíptica); recebem not nas formas

21
rest _____. negativas sem precisar do acréscimo de um outro verbo auxiliar e
antepõem-se ao sujeito nas estruturas interrogativas. Os principais

TO
a) if they have been on a long distance flight. Modals da língua inglesa são:

EN
b) if they will be on a long distance flight.
c) if they were on a long distance flight. CAN MAY SHOULD MUST

IM
d) if they are on a long distance flight COULD SC MIGHT OUGHT TO
NA

3. (EEAR 2016) The sentence “If young people don’t control the Observe os usos mais importantes:
hours they spend on-line, they won’t stay out of trouble.” can Can|Could
DO

be correctly replaced by:

Can you lift this suitcase?
O

a) Unless young people control the hours they spend on- Você pode/consegue levantar esta mala? – Capacidade
IN

-line, they will stay out of trouble.

ST

b) Unless young people control the hours they spend on- She can speak English very well.
LE

-line, they won’t stay out of trouble. Ela sabe falar inglês muito bem. – Habilidade
CE

c) If young people controls the hours they spend on line,

they will unless stay out of trouble. Can I go with you?
S

d) Unless young people don’t control the hours they spend Posso ir com você? – Permissão informal
EU

on line, they won’t stay out of trouble.

AT

Can you help me?

8M

4. (EEAR 2015) Select the alternative that completes the sen- Você pode me ajudar? – Pedido informal
tence below in the third conditional.
79

If she hadn’t read the news magazine, she ________________. It can be dangerous.
04

Pode ser perigoso. – Possibilidade

1

a) hadn’t seen the ad c) couldn’t see the ad

00

b) would see the ad d) wouldn’t have seen the ad Mozart could play the piano very well when he was six years old.
1

Mozart sabia tocar piano muito bem aos seis anos de idade. – Ca-
21

5. (EEAR 2015) Select the alternative that indicates the type of pacidade no passado
TO

conditional in the sentence below.

EN

According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in I could speak French better when I was younger.
the atmosphere increases, there will be a global warming. Eu sabia falar francês melhor quando eu era mais jovem. – Habili-
IM

dade no passado
SC

a) zero conditional c) third conditional

NA

b) first conditional d) second conditional Could I borrow your eraser?

Poderia me emprestar sua borracha? – Permissão (tom polido)
DO

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM Could you open that door, please?

NO

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM Poderia abrir essa/aquela porta, por favor?) – Pedido (tom polido)
I
ST

If I had a million dollars, I could buy a big mansion.

LE

Se eu tivesse um milhão de dólares, eu poderia comprar uma

CE

grande mansão. – Possibilidade (equivalendo a um futuro do pre-

sente ou a um futuro do pretérito)
US
TE

226
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Can e Could podem ser substituídos por algumas locuções verbais:

TI
He may/might have traveled alone.

ES
– To be able to: capacidade, habilidade. Ele pode ter viajado sozinho. – Possibilidade no passado (mais co-
mum no infinitivo perfeito*)

L
CE
He used to be able to roller skating well when he was young.
Ele sabia/costumava/era capaz de patinar bem quando era jovem. Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

S
He may not/might not (mightn’t) travel to London.

EU
I won’t be able to come tomorrow. Ele não pode/pode não viajar para Londres.

AT
Eu não poderei vir amanhã.

8M
May/Might he travel to London?
Was she able to buy everything she needed? Ele pode viajar para Londres?

79
Ela conseguiu comprar tudo o que precisava?

04
May he not/Mightn’t he travel to London?

01
By the time the firemen arrived, we had been able to put out the Ele não pode viajar para Londres?

10
fire.
Should|Ought to

21
Quando os bombeiros chegaram, tínhamos conseguido apagar o
fogo.

TO
You should/ought to see a doctor.

EN
– To be allowed to: permissão. Você deveria/devia consultar um médico. – Conselho

IM
I am not allowed to tell you anything. He should/ought to take better care of his health.
SC
Eu não tenho a permissão de/não posso lhe contar nada. Ele deveria/devia cuidar mais de sua saúde/ da saúde dele. – Ad-
NA

They said they had been allowed to leave the class earlier. vertência
Eles disseram que tinham recebido permissão para sair da aula
DO

mais cedo. He should/ought to have studied yesterday.

Ele deveria/devia ter estudado ontem.) – Conselho/advertência no
O

– To be possible for: possibilidade. passado (preferível o uso do infinitivo perfeito*)

IN
ST

Is it possible for you to come earlier? I think Paul should be more polite!
LE

É possível você chegar mais cedo? Eu acho que Paul deveria ser mais educado! – Expressar ou pedir
CE

opinião
It was possible for her to buy a car.
S

Era possível ela comprar um carro. Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

EU

He should not (shouldn’t)/ought not (oughtn’t) to visit his

AT

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas parents.

8M

He cannot (can’t)/could not (couldn’t) go with us. Ele não deveria visitar os pais dele.
Ele não pode/não podia ir conosco.
79

Should/Ought he to visit his parents?

04

Can/Could he go with us? Ele deveria visitar os pais dele?

1

Ele pode/podia ir conosco? Shouldn’t/Oughtn’t he to visit his parents?

00

Can’t/Couldn’t he go with us? Ele não deveria visitar os pais dele?

1

Ele não pode/não podia ir conosco?

21

Must
TO

May|Might John didn’t come to the class today. He must be sick because yes-
EN

terday he was not feeling well.

May I smoke here? John não veio à aula hoje. Ele deve estar doente porque ontem ele
IM

Posso fumar aqui? – Permissão não estava se sentindo bem. – Dedução

SC
NA

Might I borrow your calculator? Charles must have worked hard because he was exhausted.
Posso pedir/tomar emprestada sua calculadora? – Permissão (tom Charles deve ter trabalhado muito porque ele estava exausto. –
DO

polido) Probabilidade no passado (preferível o uso do infinitivo perfeito*)

NO

He may/might be in the director’s office. Is the phone bill due today? Then I must go to the bank and pay it.
Ele pode estar na sala do diretor. – Possibilidade no presente A conta do telefone vence hoje? Então devo ir ao banco pagá-la. –
I
ST

Obrigação, dever ou necessidade

LE

I don’t know what I’ll do tonight. I may/might go to the movies.

CE

Não sei o que farei hoje à noite. Talvez eu vá ao cinema. – Possibi- You mustn’t go out tonight.
lidade no futuro Você não deve/pode sair hoje à noite. – Proibição
US
TE

227
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Must pode ser substituído por algumas locuções verbais. Abro a porta?

TI
ES
– To have to: obrigação Shall we take a taxi?
Vamos pegar um táxi?

L
CE
I’d like to watch TV tonight, but unfortunately I have to study for
a test. Alguns autores classificam os verbos dare (“ousar”) e need (“pre-

S
Eu gostaria de assistir à TV hoje à noite, mas infelizmente tenho de cisar”) como Modal Verbs:

EU
estudar para uma prova.

AT
Dare you tell him the news?

8M
– To need to: necessidade Você ousaria em contar a notícia a ele?

79
She needs to buy a new pair of sneakers. You needn't worry – I'm not going to mention it to anyone.

04
Ela precisa comprar um novo par de tênis. Você não precisa se preocupar – Não vou mencionar isso a nin-

01
guém.

10
Na afirmativa, must e to have to têm sentidos sutilmente dife-
* O infinitivo perfeito, caracterizado pela estrutura Modal + Pres-

21
rentes. Observe:
ent Perfect, expressa a mesma idéia do Modal Verb, mas no pas-

TO
Traffic laws must be obeyed, otherwise we’ll have a lot of accidents. sado:

EN
As leis do trânsito devem/têm que ser seguidas, do contrário ter- They may have held a party last weekend.
emos muitos acidentes. Eles podem ter realizado uma festa no último final de semana.

IM
SC
Do you have to finish this paper by tomorrow? They should have warned us about the dangers of the trip.
NA

Você tem que terminar este trabalho até amanhã? Eles deveriam ter nos alertado sobre os perigos da viagem.
DO

No primeiro exemplo, o emissor da mensagem expressa uma opin-

ião sobre algo que deve ser feito. No segundo exemplo, o emissor
QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
O

não expressa uma opinião, mas uma necessidade, algo que tem
IN

que ser feito, independente de opinião. Já na forma negativa, os

ST

sentidos mudam completamente: 1. __________ I lock the door for you?

LE
CE

You must not smoke here. a) Shall b) Will c) Ought d) Need e) Might
Você não deve/pode fumar aqui. – Proibição
S

2. I’m free this evening. __________ we go out to dinner?

EU

You don’t have to arrive before eight.

AT

Você não tem que/precisa chegar antes das oito. – Ausência de a) Will b) Shall c) Won’t d) Would e) might to
8M

obrigação/não-necessidade
3. She __________ type at 40 words per minute.
79

Formas Negativas e Interrogativas

04

She must not (mustn’t) leave tonight. a) need b) ought c) dare d) can
1

Ela não deve partir esta noite.

00

4. You __________ try to make your applications a bit neater, or

1

Must she leave tonight? you’ll never get a job.

21

Ela deve partir esta noite?

TO

a) shall b) will c) ought d) should e) mustn’t

EN

Mustn’t she leave tonight?

Ela não deve partir esta noite? 5. Poor Jack, he lost his homework, and he ________ do it again.
IM
SC

a) has go to b) need c) shall d) ought e) will can

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
NA

6. I wish you __________ make such a noise. I’m trying to work.

DO

Em relação ao verbo auxiliar shall, há uma situação em

que ele pode funcionar como Modal Verb: Quando a pes- a) shouldn’t b) wouldn’t c) couldn’t d) will
NO

soa que fala se oferece para fazer alguma coisa, ou está

sugerindo algo, querendo saber se a outra pessoa aceita 7. The government __________ increase taxes soon.
I
ST

a sugestão:
LE

a) may b) need c) ought d) must to e) would have

CE

Shall I open the window? 8. I’m not surprised you failed the exam. You __________ have
US
TE

228
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
worked harder. c) can’t

TI
ES
a) should b) must c) would d) ought e) may 19. She __________ to work a little bit harder if she wants to pass
the exam.

L
CE
9. They __________ understand the teacher, as he spoke too fast.
a) needs b) must c) had d) should e) ought to

S
a) wouldn’t b) shouldn’t c) can’t d) couldn’t e) may

EU
20. How many people can be seated in this hall?

AT
10. __________ I have an orange juice, please? – The Modal express:

8M
a) Shall b) Must c) Could d) Will e) Need a) ability. d) necessity.

79
b) probability. e) obligation.

04
11. This car is in terrible conditions. You __________ have an ac- c) capacity.

01
cident at any time.

10
21
a) should d) can
b) need e) ought to QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO

TO
c) would

EN
12. I __________ go now, or I’ll be later for the lesson. 1. (ESPCEX 2017) Choose the alternative according to the right use

IM
of modals.
SC
a) may d) must
NA

b) need e) mustn’t a) Do you can close the door, please?

c) ought b) Would you please bring me some tea?
DO

c) We must go to the beach yesterday.

13. You ______ blame yourself for the accident. It wasn’t your fault. d) I can to go with you.
O

e) I needn't to do this now.

IN

a) need d) may
ST

b) mustn’t e) shouldn’t 2. (EEAR 2017) The modal verbs underlined in each sentence ex-
LE

c) won’t press: 1 – She might be at the party. 2 – Can you drive a dump truck?
CE

3 – He mustn’t sleep during the class. 4 – You ought to learn Aviation

14. Are you saying you want me to work all weekend? You English.
S

__________ be serious.
EU

a) ability, possibility, advice, prohibition

AT

a) mustn’t d) shouldn’t b) possibility, ability, prohibition, advice

8M

b) can’t e) will c) permission, possibility, request, wish

c) mightn’t d) ability, request, prohibition, offers
79
04

15. I __________ apologize for not replying to your letter earlier. Your parents tell you to wear sunscreen when you're outside in the
1

summer. And they are certainly right. Sunscreen protects your skin
00

a) could b) can c) dare d) must e) need from ultraviolet light rays. Too much ultraviolet is bad for your skin.
1

If you spend a long time outside without any sunscreen on, you
21

16. You __________ pay for this information. It’s free. ____ a sunburn because of the ultraviolet rays.
TO

(Adapted from http://www.grammarbank.com)

EN

a) mustn’t d) oughtn’t to
b) don’t have to e) doesn’t have to 3. (EEAR 2017) Choose the alternative to have the text completed
IM

c) shouldn’t correctly.
SC
NA

17. It was wrong of you to talk to her like that. The next time you see a) would have got c) might get
her, you __________ apologize. b) might have got d) would get
DO

a) need b) ought to c) dare to d) may e) should to 4. (ESPCEX 2016) Chose the correct alternative according to the
NO

use of modals. ( ) I was so tired last night but I couldn’t sleep. ( ) She
18. You __________ worry about paying the gas bill – I’ve already not must help you. ( ) I’m not sure. I might not go to the movies.
I
ST

done it.
LE

a) V -V -V d) F - F - V
CE

a) mustn`t d) might not b) V - F - V e) F - V – F

b) daren’t e) needn’t c) F - V - V
US
TE

229
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
5. (EEAR 2010) In “Can I see it?”, (line 4), the modal verb “can” gives 9. (EEAR 2015) Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired.

ES
us an idea of Mom: He may have stayed up all night.
“May”, in bold type in the dialogue, expresses

L
CE
a) ability. b) obligation. c) permission. d) probability.
a) impossibility b) possibility c) permission d) certainty

S
EU
“The chocolate analysis must start with the visual aspect. A bar, for

AT
instance, has to be uniform, quite flat and bright. A whitish aspect is

8M
not a good sign, that means it remained on the shelf and melted,”
explains the confectioner.

79
(Taken from TAM magazine # 38)

04
GLOSSARY

01
10
whitish – esbranquiçado

21
melted – derretido

TO
EN
10. (EEAR2011) The modal verb “must”, in the paragraph, expresses
6. (EEAR 2010) A similar meaning to the modal verb “must”, (line

IM
5), is a) intention.
SC c) deduction.
b) necessity. d) strong obligation.
NA

a) may. b) will. c) could. d) need to.

DO
O
IN
ST
LE
CE
S
EU
AT
8M
79
104

7. (EEAR 2013) In “...Argentina must respect the wishes of…”, (line 7),
00

the underlined word can be replaced by

1
21

a) would like to b) is likely to c) is able to d) needs to.

TO
EN

Angry Birds
IM

Angry Birds are fat and round. Angry Birds cannot fly. But Angry Birds
SC

are superstars. Millions of people around the world are addicted to

NA

them. It’s the number one game for smartphones.

(Adapted from Speak Up # 295)
DO

GLOSSARY 11. (AFA 2009) The correct words to fill the gaps (lines 07 and 26)
are
NO

addicted to – viciado em
a) that / may c) which / could
I
ST

8. (EEAR 2012) The affirmative form of the underlined modal verb, in b) who / might d) that / should
LE

the paragraph, expresses

CE

a) obligation. b) necessity. c) advice. d) ability.

US
TE

230
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
16. (EEAR 2016) In the sentence “We mustn’t enter the party. It’s

TI
private”, the modal verb in bold type expresses

ES
a) request c) prohibition

L
CE
b) obligation d) lack of ability

S
EU
AT
8M
79
04
01
10
21
17. (EEAR 2016) “Must” in bold type (lines 1 and 2) can be correctly

TO
replaced by:

EN
12. (EEAR2014) “can”, (line 2), gives us an idea of
a) can – can c) could – could

IM
a) intention. b) necessity. c) deduction. d) possibility. b) can – could
SC d) have to – have to
NA

Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She is from India. “I’m afraid to try 18. (EEAR 2016) Read the sentences and write T for the correct
new foods because they might contain beef. matching between the phrasal verb and the meaning or F for the
DO

incorrect matching:
I’m a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat meat from the cow.
O

That’s why I can’t eat hamburgers or spaghetti with meatballs.” ( ) May I close the door? It is too cold. (ask for permission)
IN

( ) Nobody answers the phone. They must be busy. (obligation)

ST

13. (EEAR 2009) The modal verb, underlined in the extract, expres- ( ) She should talk to him to apologize. (suggestion)
LE

ses ( ) They might not come for dinner. (prohibition)

CE

a) advice. b) ability. c) possibility. d) permission. Choose the correct alternative:

S
EU

14. (AFA 2011) After reading the first item of the instructions, mark a) T – F – T – F c) T – F – F – F
AT

the option that completes the gap in the converted sentence be- b) T – T – F – T d) F – F – T – T
8M

low.
79

“If you want to become a stunt double you ________ exercise regu-
04

larly.”
1
00

a) had to b) might c) could d) must

1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
NO

15. (EEAR 2013) In “…people should always carry a good book”, 19. (EEAR 2006) In the article, the word in bold type (line 7) ex-
should is used to presses
I
ST
LE

a) give an order. c) ask for permission. a) advice b) ability c) request d) preference

CE

b) show surprise. d) give a pice of advice.

20. (EM 2014) In which alternative is the idea expressed by the mo-
US
TE

231
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
dal verb INCORRECTLY stated in brackets? a) Making/ better.

TI
b) Make/ more good.

ES
a) In China, there might be 10 million teenage internet addicts. c) Made/ better.
(Possibility) d) Make/ better

L
CE
b) It must be hard for him to work and study at the same time.
(Obligation)

S
c) You mustn't park here or you'll receive a fine. (Prohibition)

EU
d) Could you lend me your book for a week? (Request)

AT
e) If you're getting fat you should go on a diet. (Advice)

8M
21. What does the use of the modal verb can in “we can make so-

79
ciety all-inclusive" indicate?

04
01
a) Necessity.

10
b) Obligation.
27. In the cartoon modal ‘can’, expresses:

21
c) Permission.
d) Possibility.

TO
e) Requirement. a) Permission

EN
b) Prediction
22. In which sentence the modal used does not correspond to the c) Request

IM
idea given? Choose the INCORRECT answer. d) Hability
SC
e) Necessity
NA

a) Passengers can get to London from here in 35 minutes. ( =

a possibility)
DO

b) Meat packaging must comply with the new regulation. ( =

a rule)
O

c) It can rain heavily in this region in autumn. ( = certainty)

IN

d) My sister will soon be able to read and write ( = ability)

ST
LE

23. Sobre o uso de can e can’t em inglês, assinale a opção correta

CE

em relação à frase “Sorry, I can’t help you”: 28. Based on the comic, analyze the words and the expressions:
“WHOEVER”; … “CAN’T COME”; “MY DOG IS SLEEPING”; “… AND IF I
S

a) Can’t exprime o sentido de proibição. GET UP...”

EU

b) Can’t exprime o sentido de incapacidade. Choose the RIGHT alternative regarding the highlighted words
AT

c) Can’t exprime o sentido de adoração. above.

8M

d) Can’t exprime o sentido de empatia.

a) indefinite pronoun; modal verb that expresses the idea of
79

24. A frase “I can’t hear you'” pode ser transmudada para o passado capacity; past continuous; conditional clause.
04

como: b) pronoun; modal verb that expresses the idea of ability; fu-
1

ture continuous; conditional clause.

00

a) I could’t hear you. c) indefinite pronoun; modal verb that expresses the idea of
1

b) I can’t heard you. permission; relative clause; relative clause.

21

c) I did not can hear you. d) pronoun; modal verb that expresses the idea of disability;
TO

d) I cant’ed hear you. present continuous; conditional clause.

EN

e) reciprocal pronoun; modal verb that expresses the idea of

25. In “You must do the thing you think you can not do.” (Eleanor permission; past continuous; relative clause.
IM

Roosevelt), the underlined modal verbs, respectively, express:

SC

29. For the question, fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.
NA

a) strong obligation - prediction You __________ smoke here. We are in a hospital.

b) strong obligation – no capacity
DO

c) possibility – logical deduction a) must

d) probability- no capacity b) are
NO

c) can't
26. Complete the sentence below with the right verb and adjecti- d) aren't
I
ST

ve. “I know I can ___ a product that is ___ than what almost every-
LE

body else in the market is making.” 30. For the question, fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.
CE

I am not allowed to play outside. I ________ play football with you

in the garden.
US
TE

232
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) can

TI
b) should a) You ought to drive more carefully.

ES
c) can't b) I have to be back at 10 o’clock.
d) don't c) The girls could play tennis when they were younger.

L
CE
d) Sheyla is able to do that in less than an hour.
GEORGE FLOYD, FROM ‘I WANT TO TOUCH THE WORLD’ e) The boy doesn’t have to call a taxi.

S
TO ‘I CAN’T BREATHE’

EU
Mr. Floyd had big plans for life nearly 30 years ago. His death in po- 35. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mo-

AT
lice custody is powering a movement against police brutality and wed, and can any man do more than that?

8M
racial injustice. When Sojourner chooses to use “can” in “and can any man do
HOUSTON — It was the last day of 11th grade at Jack Yates High more than that?”, she does it because:

79
School in Houston, nearly three decades ago. A group of close

04
friends, on their way home, were contemplating what senior year a) she wants to question men’s ability to do more than she

01
and beyond would bring. They were black teenagers on the preci- does.

10
pice of manhood. What, they asked one another, did they want to b) she’s asking for permission to continue doing what she

21
do with their lives? does.
“George turned to me and said, ‘I want to touch the world,’” said c) it’s an informal situation and “could” would be too formal.

TO
Jonathan Veal, 45, recalling the aspiration of one of the young men d) she’s talking about what she did in the past.

EN
— a tall, gregarious star athlete named George Floyd whom he had e) she knows men will never do what she does.
met in the school cafeteria on the first day of sixth grade. To their

IM
17-year-old minds, touching the world maybe meant the N.B.A. or SC
the N.F.L.
NA

“It was one of the first moments I remembered after learning what
happened to him,” Mr. Veal said. “He could not have imagined that
DO

this is the tragic way people would know his name.”

The world now knows George Perry Floyd Jr. through his final har-
O

rowing moments, as he begged for air, his face wedged for nearly
IN

nine minutes between a city street and a police officer’s knee.

ST

https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-who-is.html
LE
CE

31. “I can’t breathe.”

The modal verb in the phrase above express
S
EU

a) permission.
AT

b) possibility.
8M

c) deduction.
d) suggestion
79
04

32. Considering negative structures, choose the CORRECT alterna-

1

tive:
1 00

a) I do not have forgotten.

21

b) I like not the soup.

TO

c) She can’t swim.

EN

d) You don’t must worry.

IM

33. In the sentence “What matters is not what you know, but what
SC

you can do”, the underlined verb indicates

NA

a) a certainty.
DO

b) a necessity.
c) a suggestion.
NO

d) a permission.
e) an ability
I
ST
LE

34. Which is the option that shows a verb with the same idea of can
CE

in the sentence “…brain tissue can reveal whether a person had the
deposits of amyloid and tau proteins…”?
US
TE

233
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
search shows that they can also view the world in different ways

TI
depending on the language they are operating in.

ES
In the past fifteen years there has been an overwhelming amount
of research on the bilingual mind, with the majority of the evidence

L
CE
pointing to the tangible advantages of using more than one lan-
guage. Going back and forth between languages appears to be a

S
kind of brain training, pushing your brain to be flexible.

EU
Just as regular exercise gives your body some biological benefits,

AT
mentally controlling two or more languages gives your brain cog-

8M
nitive benefits. This mental flexibility pays big dividends especially
later in life: the typical signs of cognitive ageing occur later in bi-

79
linguals – and the onset of age-related degenerative disorders such

04
as dementia or Alzheimer’s are delayed in bilinguals by up to five

01
years.

10
People self-report that they feel like a different person when using

21
their different languages and that expressing certain emotions
carries different emotional resonance depending on the language

TO
they are using.

EN
When judging risk, bilinguals also tend to make more rational, eco-
nomic decisions in a second language. In contrast to one’s first lan-

IM
guage, it tends to lack the deep-seated, misleading affective biases
SC
that unduly influence how risks and benefits are perceived. So the
NA

language you speak in really can affect the way you think.
(From: https://goo.gl/GYgpfY. Access: 09/23/2016)
DO

37. The modal verb can in “they can also view the world…” (paragra-
O

ph 1) conveys the idea of

IN
ST

a) certainty.
LE

b) obligation.
CE

c) permission.
d) possibility
S
EU

38. A sentença “Jane _____ cook pasta very well.” é CORRETAMENTE

AT

completada com
8M

a) can
79

b) don’t
04

c) is
1

d) would have
100

39. Choose the correct alternative that shows a modal verb indi-
21

36. The modal in “They can perfectly practice” (lines 12 and 13) im- cating an obligation.
TO

plies
EN

a) Children can practice math during common activities such

a) doubt. as baking or dining.
IM

b) ability. b) They do not need to sit at the table and work with a book.
SC

c) necessity c) Parents must be a substitute teacher.

NA

d) deduction. d) It is not an easy task.

e) obligation
DO

DAVID GUETTA - TITANIUM

Read the following text and choose the option which best comple- You shout it out
NO

tes the question, according to the text: But I can’t hear a word you say
I’m talking loud not saying much
I
ST

Think your world view is fixed? Learn another language and you’ll I’m criticized but all your bullets ricochet
LE

think differently You shoot me down, but I get up

CE

Bilinguals get all the advantages. Better job prospects, cognitive I’m bulletproof nothing to lose
improvement, and even protection against dementia. Now new re- Fire away, fire away
US
TE

234
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Ricochet, you take your aim The flight from London, via Singapore, was forced to land in Ade-

TI
Fire away, fire away laide because of the incident. No passengers got off the flight while

ES
You shoot me down but I won’t fall, I am titanium it was in Adelaide.
You shoot me down but I won’t fall A witness on board told that everything started with a cabin

L
CE
I am titanium, I am titanium, I am titanium, I am titanium. announcement asking for any doctors on board. There were two
Adapeted from https://www.google.com.br/search?ei=R4G4XISrD passengers with medical training, but nothing could be done to

S
YKP0Aad4r34Bg&q=titaniuou&oq save the passenger. The crew did everything they could, including

EU
performing CPR with a doctor on board, but unfortunately the pas-

AT
40. The modal verb CAN’T, bolded in the text means senger has passed away.

8M
Adapted from nypost.com
a) inability.

79
b) obligation. 43. In “The crew did everything they could (...)”, the modal “could”

04
c) permission. is used to indicate

01
d) prohibition.

10
a) ability

21
Read the text and answer question. b) obligation
c) permission

TO
d) prohibition

EN
44. What is the correct option to complete the paragraph below?

IM
SC
Robots and writers
NA

This article wasn't written by a robot - but the next one you
read______have been. Robots are already in our midst, and
DO

you______be surprised what they______ do. Robots are reporting

on earthquakes, sports, and writing huge numbers of Wikipedia
O

articles. Odds are pretty good you’ve already read articles written
IN

41. The modal verb CAN in “but we can stop sharing it” conveys the entirely by robots without realizing it.
ST

idea of __________. (Adapted from https: / / www, makeuseof. com)

LE
CE

a) certainty a) mightn’t / can’t / should

b) obligation b) can’t / might / can
S

c) permission c) should / can’t / can

EU

d) possibility d) can / could / should

AT

e) might / might / can

8M

42. Which option completes the text below correctly?

Tips for a Healthy Diet ‘Brazilian Atlantis’: Scientists discover traces of sunken
79

You ________ eat vegetables every day. Vegetables contain essen- continent under Atlantic Ocean
04

tial vitamins and substances that are very important for your orga- Granite formed on dry land has been discovered beneath the oce-
1

nism. You ________ only eat what you like to eat because to stay an off the coast of Brazil. Scientists suggest that it might be part of
00

healthy you also need to eat what your organism needs you to eat. a sunken continent which disappeared millions of years ago and
1

(Adapted from https://nexter.org/top-5-tips-for-a-healthy-diet) already branded it ‘Brazilian Atlantis’.

21

A Japanese-manned submersible discovered a large mass of grani-

TO

a) can’t / can te and a large amount of quartz sand 900 miles off the coast of Rio
EN

b) should / can de Janeiro, according to the announcement made by The Japan

c) shouldn’t / can’t Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and
IM

d) should / shouldn’t the Geology Service of Brazil (CPRM).

SC

e) shouldn’t / should These materials, normally found on dry land, suggest that a con-
NA

tinent once existed in the region and then sank. “It is unusual be-
Read the text to answer question. cause it is granite rock,” CPRM geology director Roberto Ventura
DO

Santos as quoted by ‘The Telegraph’. “And you don’t find granite on

The cabin crew battled to save the passenger the seabed. It is more usual to find it on the mainland.”
NO

Ben Graham The granite was discovered in a seabed that was estimated to have
Shocked passengers watched as doctors and cabin crew tried to disappeared under the ocean waters tens of millions of years ago.
I
ST

save the life of a critically ill passenger on a Qantas flight to Sidney “South America and Africa used to be a huge, unified continent.
LE

on Friday. The area in question may have been left in water as the continent
CE

A Qantas spokeswoman confirmed that the passenger ________ was separated in line with the movements of plates,” said Shinichi
received tratment during the medical emergency couldn’t survive. Kawakami, a professor at Gifu University, Japan Times reports.
US
TE

235
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
The material was reportedly found more than 8,000 feet beneath 48. I’ve lost the key. I ought __________ it in a safe place.

TI
the sea in a region known as the Rio Grande Elevation.

ES
“This is the region that has been least explored worldwide,” added a) that I put
Kawakami. “So, we believe it is very important to research it.” b) to be putting

L
CE
“From an analysis, we began to see that the area could be a pie- c) to have put
ce of the continent that disappeared into the sea millions of years d) to put

S
ago,” Santos said as quoted by AFP. “This could be Brazil’s Atlantis. e) put

EU
We are almost certain, but we need to strengthen this hypothesis.”

AT
The fabled island was first mentioned by Greek philosopher Plato 49. Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences

8M
in his dialogues ‘Timaeus’ and ‘Critias’, written about 360 BC. Ac- below.
cording to Plato, Atlantis was situated in front of the Pillars of Her- 1 - She ____ be married, she isn't old enough.

79
cules, the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories 2 - Listen, children, you ____ finish the essay now if you don't want

04
that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The civilization of to.

01
Atlantis conquered many parts of Western Europe and Africa ap- 3 - The neighbors ______ be at home, I saw the light on in their

10
proximately 9600 BC. But the continent is believed to have sunk bedroom.

21
during a catastrophic natural disaster. 4 - You ___ take a taxi. There's a good bus service.
Scientists plan to drill for more samples later this year, as further 5 - Look at that sign. You _____ park here.

TO
confirmation is needed. Experts still remain cautious about jum-

EN
ping to conclusions. a) can- have to – can't - ought to – shouldn't
http://rt.com/news/brazil-altantis-scientists-granite-012/) b) can't – should – don't have to – shouldn't – mustn't

IM
c) isn't allowed to – ought to – don't have to – should – don't
SC
45. “May” in “may have been left” (line 22) indicates: have to
NA

d) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't allowed

a) permission. to
DO

b) ability. e) must – can't – have to – mustn't – don't have to

c) inability.
O

d) probability.
IN
ST

"People must be aware of the consequences of their actions. One GABARITO

GABARITO
LE

can do whatever he pleases as long as he doesn't do harm to

CE

others. This may not be followed by many people, but it certainly

should. If a person has many friends, he must know this already."
APRENDIZAGEM
S
EU

46. The underlined modal verbs express: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C

AT

6. B 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C
8M

a) advice / permission / permission / advice / obligation

11. D 12. D 13. E 14. B 15. D
b) advice / ability / permission / ability / obligation
79

c) obligation / permission / possibility / advice / deduction 16. B 17. B 18. E 19. A 20. C
04

d) obligation / ability / possibility / obligation / deduction

APROFUNDAMENTO
1

e) deduction / ability / permission / obligation / obligation

00

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C
1

47. Match the following sentences with the meaning expressed by 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. D
21

the modal verb in each of them.

11. B 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D
TO

1. Rooms must be vacated by noon.

16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B
EN

2. May I take a look at your newspaper?

3. John might have borrowed his partner’s computer. 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B
IM

4. If you are going to the forest, you ought to buy some mosquito
26. D 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. C
SC

repellent.
31. B 32. C 33. E 34. D 35. A
NA

5. You must be joking!

36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. A
DO

a) obligation / permission / possibility / advice / deduction

41. D 42. D 43. A 44. E 45. D
b) advice / ability / permission / ability / obligation
NO

c) advice / permission / permission / advice / obligation 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D

d) obligation / ability / possibility / obligation / deduction
I
ST

e) deduction / ability / permission / advice / obligation

LE
CE
US
TE

236
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

ES
III. In case of fire, you ________ take the stairs (recommenda-
tion)

L
CE
1. In the famous words by John Lennon: “You may say I’m a
dreamer but I’m not the only one. I hope someday you’ll join a) Can – Might – Will d) May – Should – Need

S
us and the world will be as one”, the modal verb in bold indi- b) Must – Must – Should e) Can – Must – Should

EU
cates that: c) Could – Will – May

AT
8M
a) He knew that he could dream about peace and try to
help everybody. 6. The modal verbs underlined in each sentence express:

79
b) He understood that he could be seen as a dreamer.

04
c) He was not able to dream about peace and love. 1 – She might be at the party.

01
d) He considered himself the only dreamer. 2 – Can you drive a dump truck?

10
3 – He mustn’t sleep during the class.
2. (EEAR 2017) In the sentence “It’s never too late to make

21
4 – You ought to learn Aviation English.
changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying career”,

TO
the modal verb “may” expresses __________. a) ability, possibility, advice, prohibition

EN
b) possibility, ability, prohibition, advice
a) ability b) necessity c) deduction d) possibility c) permission, possibility, request, wish

IM
d) ability, request, prohibition, offers
SC
NA

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

DO

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
O
IN
ST

23
LE

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
CE

3. (EEAR 2017) The word “can”, in bold in the text, expresses

________.
S

REPORTED SPEECH
EU

a) quality c) prohibition
AT

b) permission d) importance Por meio do discurso indireto, a fala do personagem é filtrada pela
8M

do narrador. Não mais há a transcrição literal do que o personagem

4. (PM-SC 2017) Complete the slots with the best modal verb falou, mas a transcrição subordinada à fala de quem escreve o tex-
79

according to the idea suggested in parentheses: to. No discurso indireto, utiliza-se, após o verbo dicendi (declarati-
04

vo ou de elocução), a oração subordinada introduzida geralmente

1

I. I ______ drive well. (ability) pela conjunção that, que pode estar elíptica. Observe:
00

II. Internet _______ be public (obligation)

1

He said (that) he was going to leave to abroad.

21

Ele disse que ia partir para o exterior.

TO
EN

They told me (that) they could not appear to the meeting.

Eles me disseram que podiam não comparecer à reunião.
IM
SC

Ao transformarmos uma sentença do Discurso Direto (D.D.) para o

NA

Indireto (D.I.), os pronomes, o tempo verbal e os advérbios comu-

mente sofrem alterações:
DO

Paul said, “I am not feeling well today”.

NO

Paul disse, “Eu não estou me sentindo bem hoje.” – D.D.

I
ST

Paul said (that) he was not feeling well that day.

LE

Paul disse que não estava se sentindo bem naquele dia. – D.I.
CE

Entretanto, nem todas as alterações precisam ser feitas, depen-

US
TE

237
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
dendo do que realmente se quer dizer:

TI
He says (that) we have to be pressured to learn faster.

ES
Paul said (that) he was not feeling well today. Ele diz que temos que ser pressionados para aprendermos mais
Paul disse que não estava se sentindo bem hoje. – D.I. rápido – D.I.

L
CE
Paul said (that) he is not feeling well today. Em se tratando de estruturas interrogativas, temos que tomar cui-

S
Paul disse que não está se sentindo bem hoje. – D.I. dado, pois há dois tipos de perguntas: a direta (Auxiliary Verb +

EU
Subject) e a indireta (Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject):

AT
Quando o verbo de elocução estiver no passado, o verbo da Re-

8M
ported Clause também será usado em um tempo equivalente no - Direct Question:
passado em relação ao verbo da oração que se encontra no dis- Utiliza-se if ou whether como conector da Reported Clause.

79
curso direto:

04
He said, “Did you come to school yesterday?”

01
He said, “The test is difficult”. Ele disse, “Você veio para a escola ontem?” – D.D.

10
Ele disse, “O teste está difícil.” – D.D.
He asked me if/whether I had come/gone to school the day be-

21
He said (that) the test was difficult. fore.

TO
Ele disse que o teste estava difícil. – D.I. Ele me perguntou se eu havia vindo/ido para a escola no dia an-

EN
terior. – D.I.
The doctor said, “She will not be at home tonight”.

IM
O médico disse, “Ela não estará em casa hoje à noite.” – D.D. She asked, "Do you want to come with me?"
SC
Ela perguntou, “Você quer vir comigo?” – D.D.
NA

The doctor said (that) she would not be at home that night”.
O médico disse que ela não estaria em casa naquela/nessa noite. She asked me if/whether I wanted to come/go with her.
DO

– D.I. Ela me perguntou se eu queria vir/ir com ela. – D.I.

O

They said, “We have just arrived”. They asked, “Will you come with us?”
IN

Eles disseram, “Nós acabamos de chegar.” – D.D. Eles perguntaram, “Você virá conosco?” – D.D.
ST
LE

They said (that) they had just arrived. They asked me if/whether I would go/come with them.
CE

Eles disseram que acabaram de chegar. – D.I. Eles me perguntaram se eu viria/iria com eles. – D.I.
S

She said to me, “I am very busy now”. - Indirect Question:

EU

Ela disse a mim, “Eu estou muito ocupada agora.” – D.D. Utiliza-se o próprio pronome interrogativo como conector da Re-
AT

ported Clause.
8M

She told me (that) she was very busy then.

Ela me disse que estava muito ocupada na ocasião. – D.I. He said, “Why didn’t you come to school yesterday?”
79

Ele disse, “Por que você não veio para a escola ontem?” – D.D.
04

Arthur said to me, “I can do this”.

1

Arthur disse a mim, “Eu posso fazer isto.” – D.D. He asked me why I hadn’t come/gone to school that day?
00

Ele me perguntou por que eu não havia vindo/ido para a escola

1

Arthur told me (that) he could do that. naquele dia. – D.I.

21

Arthur me disse que podia fazer aquilo. – D.I.

TO

Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?"

EN

Entretanto, quando a sentença a ser relatada for uma verdade ger- Dave perguntou, “Aonde você foi final de semana passado?” – D.D.
al, o tempo verbal será mantido:
IM

Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.

SC

The teacher said, “Phrasal Verbs are very important”. Dave me perguntou aonde eu havia ido no final de semana anterior.
NA

O professor disse, “Os Phrasal Verbs são muito importantes.” – D.D. – D.I.
DO

The teacher said (that) Phrasal Verbs are very important. He asked, "When are you going to study English?"
O professor disse que os Phrasal Verbs são muito importantes. – D.I. Ele perguntou, “Quando você vai estudar inglês?” – D.D.
NO

Se o Reporting Verb estiver no Simple Present, o tempo verbal tam- He asked me when I was going to study English.
I
ST

bém será mantido: Ela me perguntou quando eu ia estudar inglês. – D.I.

LE
CE

He says, “You have to be pressured to learn faster”. Em frases imperativas basta colocarmos o verbo na forma To Infini-
Ele diz, “Vocês têm que ser pressionados para aprenderem mais tive:
S

rápido.” – D.D.
U
TE

238
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Present Perfect Past Perfect

TI
My mother said, “Clean out your bedroom, little guy!”
Past Perfect Past Perfect

ES
Minha mãe disse, “Limpe seu quarto, rapazinho!” – D.D.
Perfect Future Perfect Conditional

L
CE
My mother told me to clean out my bedroom. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Minha mãe me disse para limpar meu quarto. – D.I.

S
Imperative Infinitive

EU
The director said, “Go into the class and don’t come out anymore, Can Could

AT
guys, please!” May Might

8M
O diretor disse, “Vão para dentro da sala e não saiam mais, galera,
Must Had To
por favor!” – D.D.

79
04
The director told us to go/to come into the class and not to come/ Transformações dos Pronomes e Advérbios

01
leave out anymore. Apesar das mudanças abaixo serem consideradas padrão, nunca

10
O diretor nos disse para irmos/virmos para dentro da sala e não altere os pronomes e advérbios sem antes analisar se há a real ne-

21
sairmos mais. – D.I. cessidade:

TO
No imperativo sugestivo há duas opções que podem ser utilizadas: Now → Then

EN
Ou usamos o To Infinitive ou o Should Subjunctive: Agora → Na ocasião

IM
He said, “Let’s go out for a dinner tomorrow night!” Here → There
SC
Ele disse, “Vamos sair para jantar amanhã à noite!” – D.D. Aqui → Lá
NA

He invited me/us to go out for a dinner the next/following night. This → That
DO

Ele me/nos convidou para sairmos para jantar na noite seguinte. Este → Esse/Aquele
– D.I.
O

These → Those
IN

He suggested (that) we should go out for a dinner the next/fol- Estes → Esses/Aqueles
ST

lowing night. Last week/month/year → The week/month/year before

LE

Ele sugeriu que nós saíssemos para jantar na noite seguinte. – D.I. Semana/mês/ano passado → A semana/o mês/o ano anterior
CE

Marla said, “Let’s study together today!” Yesterday → The day before/the previous day
S

Marla disse, “Vamos estudar juntos hoje!” – D.D. Ontem → O dia anterior
EU
AT

She invited me/us to study together that day. The day before yesterday → Two days before
8M

Ela me/nos convidou para estudarmos juntos naquele dia. – D.I. Antes de ontem → dois dias antes
79

She suggested (that) we should study together that day. Today → That day, yesterday, the day before
04

Ela sugeriu que nós estudássemos juntos naquele dia. – D.I. Hoje → Naquele dia, ontem, o dia anterior
1
00

Transformações dos Tempos Verbais Tomorrow → The next/following day

1

Em sua maioria, as mudanças normalmente são feitas a partir da Amanhã → O dia seguinte
21

utilização de um tempo verbal “anterior” ao da sentença que se

TO

encontra no discurso direto: The day after tomorrow → In two days

EN

Depois de amanhã → Em dois dias

Direct Speech Reported Speech Next week/month/year → The following week/month/year
IM

Semana/mês/ano que vem → A semana/o mês/o ano seguinte

SC

Simple Present Simple Past

NA

Simple Past Past Perfect Three days/years ago → Three days/years before
Simple Future Simple Conditional Três dias/anos atrás → Três dias/anos antes
DO

Immediate Future Past Going To

NO

Simple Conditional Perfect Conditional

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
I
ST

Present Continuous Past Continuous

LE

Past Continuous Past (Perfect) Continuous

1. Rewrite this sentence into the Reported Speech:
CE

Future Continuous Conditional Continuous They said, “We want to talk to you.”
US
TE

239
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) They said we wanted to talk to me. tence in the Indirect Speech:

TI
b) They said they wanted to talk to me. Sally told me she was not feeling well.

ES
c) They said they wanted to talk to you.
d) They said we wanted to talk to you. a) Sally said me, “I’m not feeling well.”

L
CE
e) They said they want to talk to us. b) Sally said to me, “I’m not feeling well.”
c) I said to Sally, “She is not feeling well.”

S
2. Rewrite this sentence into the Reported Speech: d) Sally said, “I won’t be feeling well.”

EU
I said to them, “You’ll have to lose eight pounds.” e) Sally said, “She’s not feeling well.”

AT
8M
a) I told them they would have to lose eight pounds. 8. Rewrite the dialogs below into the Indirect Speech:
b) I told them we will have to lose eight pounds. Ruth: I’d like tomato juice and oysters for appetizers.

79
c) I told them that we would have to lose eight pounds. Paul: I’d like to drink a glass of this wine.

04
d) I told them they must have to lose eight pounds.

01
e) They told me that I would have to lose eight pounds. a) Ruth said that Paul would like tomato juice and oysters for

10
appetizers and Paul said that Ruth would like to drink a glass
3. Rewrite into the Reported Speech:

21
of that wine.
The teacher said, “Your daughter is studying more.” b) Ruth told she’d like tomato juice and oysters for appetizers

TO
and Paul told he’d like to drink a glass of that wine.

EN
a) The teacher said that I am studying more. c) Ruth said that she’d like tomato juice and oysters for appeti-
b) The teacher said that his daughter was studying more. zers and Paul said that he’d like to drink a glass of that wine.

IM
c) The teacher said that my daughter was studying more. d) Ruth said that she had liked tomato juice and oysters for
SC
d) The teacher said my daughter has to study more. appetizers and Paul said that he had liked to drink a glass
NA

e) The teacher told my daughter to study more. of that wine.

DO

4. Rewrite into the Reported Speech: 9. Mark the correct Reported Speech corresponding to the given
I always say to Brenda, “You are a very attractive woman.” sentence in the Direct Speech:
O

She asked me, “Where do you live?”

IN

a) I never say to Brenda that she is a very attractive woman.

ST

b) I said to Brenda that she was a very attractive woman. a) She asked me where she lives.
LE

c) I always say to Brenda that she never will be a very attractive b) She asked me where do I live.
CE

woman. c) She asked me where I lived.

d) I always say to Brenda that I am a very attractive man. d) She asked me where did I live.
S

e) I always say to Brenda that she is a very attractive woman.

EU

10. Rewrite the dialogs below into the Indirect Speech:

AT

5. Mark the correct Direct Speech corresponding to the given sen- Bob: Can we swim in the afternoon, dad?
8M

tence in the Indirect Speech: Father: Yes, Bob.

He said he wanted to talk to me the previous day.
79

a) Bob asked his father if he could swim in the afternoon and

04

a) He said, “She wanted to talk to me yesterday.” his father told him he could.
1

b) He said, “I wanted to talk to you yesterday.” b) Bob asked his father if they can swim in the afternoon and
00

c) He said, “She wants to talk to you the previous day.” his father told him we could.
1

d) He said, “I had wanted to talk to you yesterday.” c) Bob asked his father if we could swim in the afternoon and
21

e) He said, “I want to talk to you yesterday.” his father told us we could.

TO

d) Bob asked his father if they could swim in the afternoon and
EN

6. Mark the correct Direct Speech corresponding to the given sen- his father told him they could.
tence in the Indirect Speech: e) Bob asked his father if they could swim in the afternoon and
IM

The students said that they had been studying hard for two years. his father told him they can.
SC
NA

a) The students said, “We have been studying hard for two years.” 11. Rewrite into the Reported Speech:
b) The students said, “They have studied hard for two years.” The bank manager asked, “How much money do you have?”
DO

c) The students said, “We have been studying hard for those
two years.” a) The bank manager asked how much money I had.
NO

d) The students said, “They must have been studying hard for b) The bank manager asked how much money do I have.
two years.” c) The bank manager asked how much money did I have.
I
ST

e) The students said, “We could have been studying hard for d) The bank manager asked how much money I do have.
LE

those two years.”

CE

12. Read the following cartoons:

7. Mark the correct Direct Speech corresponding to the given sen- TEXT 1
US
TE

240
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
b) They ordered her to stop smoking.

TI
c) They ordered her that she will stop smoking.

ES
d) They ordered her that to stop smoking.

L
CE
15. Qual destas formas está correta se usada por uma pessoa que
narra um acontecimento?

S
EU
a) He thought she has not known what she is going through;

AT
b) He thought she will never know what she will have to go

8M
through now;
TEXT 2 c) He thought she would never know what she had gone

79
through then;

04
d) He thinks she did not know what she was going through;

01
e) He will think she did not know what she went through then.

10
21
TO
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO

EN
IM
1. (EN 2017) Which is the correct option to complete the sentence?
SC
TEXT 3 Peter: I saw Jane yesterday.
NA

– Which alternative has the correct forms of the sentences below Peter____________________ .
in the Reported Speech?
DO

a) said Jane that he saw her yesterday

I – "Be brave. Don’t cry." b) told he saw Jane the previous day
O

II – "I think I have good news for you." c) says he had seen Jane the following day
IN

III – "What is your name?" d) told Jane that he has seen her the next day
ST

e) said that he had seen Jane the day before

LE

a) I – He told the man to be brave and not cry; II – He said to

CE

the woman he thought he had good news for her; III – She 2. (EN 2016) Which is the correct option to complete the dialogue?
asked what his name was.
S

b) I – He told the man be brave and not to cry; II – He said to What did John tell Mary last Saturday?
EU

the woman he thought he had good news for her; III – She John told __________________ the day before.
AT

asked what his name was.

8M

c) I – He told the man to be brave and not to cry; II – He said to a) Mary that he will buy some flowers
the woman that he thought he had good news for her; III – b) her that he had bought some flowers
79

She asked what your name was. c) him that he did buy some flowers
04

d) I – He told to the man to be brave and not to cry; II – He said d) to Mary that he bought some flowers
1

to the woman that he thought he had good news for her; e) that he has to buy some flowers
00

III – She asked what is your name was.

1

e) I – He told the man to be brave and not to cry; II – He said to 3. (EN 2014) Which alternative is correct?
21

the woman that he thought he had good news for her; III –
TO

She asked what his name was. a) The teacher said the student do not eat in class.
EN

b) The teacher told the student not to eat in class.

13. Rewrite into the Reported Speech: c) The teacher said to the student to not to eat in class.
IM

He said, “Let’s go to a party tonight.” d) The teacher told to the student not to eat in class.
SC

e) The teacher told the student to do not eat in class.

NA

a) He suggested that he should go to a party tonight.

b) He suggested we must go to a party that night. 4. (EN 2012) Which alternative best reports the stranger's speech
DO

c) He suggested that we should go to a party that night. in this passage?

d) He invited him to went to a party that night.
NO

e) He invited she to a party. In 1953, I got married. A few weeks after the wedding, I suddenly
fell ill. My husband took me to a hospital. I was there for almost a
I
ST

14. Rewrite into the Reported Speech: week. I was in so much pain. And no one could say for sure what
LE

They said to her, “Stop smoking.” was wrong. One night, in the hospital, a stranger came to see me.
CE

He told me, "Janie, you1 re going to die tomorrow". That was my

a) They ordered her to stop to smoke. name then, the name I was born with.
US
TE

241
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
(Adapted from http://www.notmyshoes.net/monologues/ hannah- a) had been there while they had been gone.

TI
-march.html) b) had been here while they had gone.

ES
c) have been there while they were gone.
a) He told her she was going to die the day after. d) have been here while they would be gone.

L
CE
b) He said to her she was going to die tomorrow. e) would have been there while they have been gone.
c) He told she is going to die the day after.

S
d) He said to her she is going to die tomorrow. 10. They said, "Do parents know their kids?" in the Reported Speech

EU
e) He told her she was going to die tomorrow. would be:

AT
8M
5. (EN 2015) Which is the correct alternative to complete the dia- a) They said that did parents know their kids?
logue? b) They asked that parents know their kids.

79
Susan: What did George ask you yesterday? c) They said that parents knew the kids.

04
Sandy: He asked me ______________________ . d) They argued that do parents know their kids.

01
e) They asked if parents knew their kids.

10
a) do I need a ride home.
11. Considere a frase "It's a perfect setup for heart disease and dia-

21
b) did I need a ride home.
c) if I needed a ride home. betes, says Stampfer." Assinale a alternativa em que a transposição

TO
d) I needed a ride home. dessa frase para o discurso indireto está correta, completando a

EN
e) would I need a ride home. frase a seguir.
Stampfer says______________________________

IM
Mary saw her boyfriend with another girl and they had a quarrel. SC
She shouted: "Don't come here anymore! " a) it was a perfect setup for heart disease and diabetes.
NA

b) it is a perfect setup for heart disease and diabetes.

6. (EN 2009) Which alternative best reports what she said? c) it has been a perfect setup for heart disease and diabetes.
DO

d) it had been a perfect setup for heart disease and diabetes.

a) She said her boyfriend do not come here anymore. e) it will be a perfect setup for heart disease and diabetes.
O

b) She told to her boyfriend not to come here anymore

IN

c) She said to her boyfriend to not to go there anymore.

ST

d) She told her boyfriend not to come there anymore

LE

e) She told her boyfriend not to go there anymore.

CE

Mary saw James, her doctor, two days ago.

S

James said: "See me tomorrow again."

EU
AT

7. (EM 2010) Which alternative best reports what he said?

8M

a) He said Mary will see him tomorrow.

79

b) He told to her to see him the day after.

04

c) He said to her to see him tomorrow.

1

d) He told her to see him the day after.

00

e) He told her to see him the day after tomorrow.

1

12. The correct form of the sentence “Flight operations to and from
21

8. (ESFCEX 2009) Choose the option that correctly completes the Chennai have been affected due to heavy rains” – announced Indi-
TO

sentence: Go Airlines”, in the indirect speech is:

EN

I arrived home on foot and my husband asked me where

________________ a) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
IM

from Chennai would be affected due to heavy rains.

SC

a) is my car. d) my car is. b) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
NA

b) my car was. e) is your car? from Chennai had been affected due to heavy rains.
c) was my car. c) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
DO

from Chennai will be affected due to heavy rains.

9. (The girl said to her parents, "Mom and Dad, the police were here d) IndiGo Airlines announced that flight operations to and
NO

while you were gone." If we turned this sentence into Reported from Chennai was affected due to heavy rains.
Speech we would have:
I
ST
LE

The girl said to her parents that the police__________________

CE
US
TE

242
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
14. The sentences below taken from the text were changed into

TI
Indirect Speech. Mark the one that was changed correctly.

ES
a) The author quoted that the film is being the highest gros-

L
CE
sing animated film of all time. (lines 8, 9)
b) The text mentioned that The Lion King still held the record

S
as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in his-

EU
tory. (lines 9,10, 11)

AT
c) The text assumed that the movie was receiving positive re-

8M
views from critics, who praised the film for its music and
story. (lines 14 to 16)

79
d) The movie has been currently the twenty-eighth highest-

04
-grossing feature film. (lines 18, 19)

01
10
Read this sentence from the text and analyze it:

21
“The Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza (1452-1508), accepted his offer

TO
as Leonardo told him that he could design war weapons like guns

EN
and mines, and also structures like collapsible bridges.”

IM
15. This sentence presents an example of reported speech. Which
SC
of the following alternatives also presents an example of reported
NA

speech?
DO

a) Ann said, “I am very tired”.

13. Considering the Reported Speech, Dr. Bush said that b) I told her a very sad story.
O

c) Joanna was talking loudly.

IN

a) among the states, suicide levels are risen sharply to six ti- d) Zoe said that she was lost.
ST

mes.
LE

b) suicide levels rose sharply in recent years. 16. Na frase “She said she had been driving home from work the
CE

c) in recent years, suicide levels had risen sharply to six times. night before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible”
d) suicide among 15 to 24-year-olds rises in recent ten years. (linhas 3 e 4), a formação correta quanto ao uso do discurso direto
S

é:
EU
AT

a) She said: “I was driving home from work last night, and I
8M

found myself behind a man in a convertible”.

b) She said: “I had been driving home from work last night, and
79

I found me behind a man in a convertible”.

04

c) She said: “I drove home yesterday night from work, and I

1

had found myself behind a man in a convertible”.

00

d) She said: “I had driven home the night before, and I found
1

myself behind a man in a convertible”.

21

e) She said: “I was driving home from work yesterday, and I was
TO

finding myself behind a man in a convertible”.

EN

17. Choose the best option to rewrite the sentence keeping the
IM

same meaning.
SC

On August 2"", 2010, Mary asked Peter: "What were you doing this
NA

morning at 8"?
Mary wanted to know what...
DO

a) was he doing this morning at 8?

NO

b) had he done this morning at 8?

c) he had been doing that morning at 8.
I
ST

d) he were doing that morning at 8.

LE

e) he was doing that morning at 8.

CE
US
TE

243
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
18. The sentence "We don't want that sort of world" in the reported effectuated creative suicide and costed the company reve-

TI
speech will be: nue should have been on the lot.

ES
d) Mr. Redstone affirmed that they hadn't thought someone
a) They said that he hasn't wanted that sort of world. who had effectuated creative suicide and cost the company

L
CE
b) They told me that they didn't wanted those sort of world. revenue should be on the lot.
c) It was said that they didn't want that sort of world. e) Mr. Redstone believed that they didn't think someone who

S
d) It was said that they didn't want that sorted of world. effectuated creative suicide and cost the company revenue

EU
e) It was requested that we didn't want that sorted of world. should be on the lot.

AT
8M
19. The question "Why are you answering the phone in class?" in the 23. The sentence He said, "Can Asians think?" in the reported spe-
reported speech will be: ech would be:

79
04
a) Gray's mother asked him why is he answering the phone in a) He asked can Asians think?

01
class? b) He said that Asians can think.

10
b) Gray's mother wanted to know the reason why was he c) He asked that Asians could think.

21
answering the phone in class. d) He asked if Asians could think.
c) Gray's mother wondered why he was answering the phone e) He said that could Asians think.

TO
in class.

EN
d) Gray's mother inquired him about the reason that he has 24. Qual é a forma indireta, correspondente à forma direta "The
been answering the phone in class. teacher said, Are you sure you have all understood me"?

IM
e) Gray's mother doubted why he was answering the phone SC
in class. a) The teacher said if you are sure you had understood him;
NA

b) The teacher asked whether we were sure we did understand

20. The two-year old girl said: "Daddy, draw me a spider". The re- him;
DO

ported speech for this sentence is: c) The teacher said if we all are sure we have understood him;
She requested him: d) The teacher asked if they were sure they had all understood
O

him;
IN

a) that he draws her a spider. e) The teacher asked them to be sure to understand him.
ST

b) that he had drawn her a spider.

LE

c) if he had drawn her a spider. 25. Assinale a alternativa que equivale ao seguinte:
CE

d) to draw her a spider. Suddenly Peter said to me, "Are you hungry?"
e) whether he should draw her a spider
S

a) Suddenly Peter said that I was hungry.

EU

21. The sentence "Why has evolution burdened humans with such b) Suddenly Peter told me that I was hungry.
AT

seemingly irrational passions?" in the reported speech will be: c) Suddenly Peter asked if he were hungry.
8M

d) Suddenly Peter asked me whether I was hungry.

a) Fisher asked evolution why it had burdened humans with e) Peter informed me that he was hungry.
79

such seemingly irrational passions.

04

b) Fisher asked why evolution had burdened humans with such 26. Warren said to me, "I can't find my glasses in this room."
1

seemingly irrational passions.

00

c) Fisher asked why had evolution been burdened humans with a) Warren told me that he couldn't found his glasses in that
1

such seemingly irrational passions? room.

21

d) Fisher said that why had evolution burdened humans with b) Warren told me he couldn't find her glasses in these room.
TO

such seemingly irrational passions? c) Warren told me that he couldn't find his glasses in that room.
EN

e) Fisher asked that evolution has burdened humans with such d) Warren told me that he can't find his glasses in those room.
seemingly irrational passions. e) Warren said to me that he could not found his glasses in this
IM

room
SC

22. The sentence Mr. Redstone said, "We don't think someone who
NA

effectuates creative suicide and costs the company revenue should 27. Change the sentence into the Reported(Indirect) Speech:
be on the lot" in the reported speech would be: Sally said to me, "Do you know what time it is?"
DO

a) Mr. Redstone believed that they didn't think someone who a) Sally asked me if I knew what time it was.
NO

would effectuate creative suicide and cost the company re- b) Sally told me whether she knew what time it was.
venue should have been on the lot. c) Sally asked me whether she know what time it is.
I
ST

b) Mr. Redstone stated that we didn't think someone who had d) Sally asked me if I know what time it is.
LE

effectuated creative suicide and costed the company reve- e) Sally told me if I knew what time was it
CE

nue should have been on the lot.

c) Mr. Redstone implied that they didn't think someone who
US
TE

244
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
28. The indirect speech to "Would you like to go out tonight?" is:
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
ES
a) He asked her if she would have liked to go out tonight.
b) He asked if would she like to go out that night.

L
CE
c) He asked her whether she'd like to go out that night. 1. (AFA 2016) Choose the option that shows the indirect spe-
d) He asked whether she had liked to go out that night. ech form for “These distinctions are consequential.” (line 92).

S
e) He asked if she'd liked to go out tonight. Gardner

EU
AT
29. John Arquilla declared that the greatest advantage of the inter- a) said that those distinctions were consequential.

8M
net __________ stealth, and that terrorists __________in an ocean of b) told these distinctions are consequential.
bits and bytes. c) said us these distinctions were consequential.

79
d) told those distinctions are consequential.

04
a) was – swim

01
b) is – swam 2. (EEAR 2015) Choose the sentence that corresponds to the

10
c) is – has swum right form of the reported speech for the dialogue:

21
d) was – swam The mother said to the son:
e) was – swimming – Do not watch TV after midnight!

TO
EN
30. "Are there any messages for me?", said Helen. a) The mother told her son to does not watch TV after mid-
night.

IM
a) Helen asked if there is any messages for her. b) The mother told her son do not to watch TV after mid-
SC
b) Helen asked whether there were any messages for she. night.
NA

c) Helen asked whether were there any messages for herself. c) The mother told her son to not watch TV after midnight.
d) Helen asked if there were some messages for her. d) The mother told her son not to watch TV after midnight.
DO

e) Helen asked if there were any messages for herself.

3. (AFA 2015) Choose the option that shows the sentence
O

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access

IN

services” (lines 86 to 88) in the indirect speech form.

ST

GABARITO
GABARITO
LE

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to

CE

seek help and access services.

APRENDIZAGEM
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their frien-
S

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. E ds to seek help and access services.

EU

6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends
AT

to seek help and access services.

11. A 12. E 13. C 14. B 15. C
8M

d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends

APROFUNDAMENTO to seek help and access services.
79

1. E 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
04

4. (EEAR 2013) The Direct Speech for “people ask me if I prefer

6. E 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. E
1

living in France or the USA” is:

00

11. B 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D

1

a) Do you prefer living in France or the USA?

21

16. B 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. D

b) Did you prefer living in France or the USA?
TO

21. B 22. E 23. D 24. D 25. D c) Will you prefer living in France or the USA?
EN

26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. D d) Would you prefer living in France or the USA?
IM

5. (EEAR 2010) The indirect speech for “I was challenged by the

SC

language barrier, he said.” is

NA

a) He said he is being challenged by the language barrier.

DO

b) He said that he had been challenged by the language

barrier.
NO

c) He told us that he has been challenged by the language

barrier.
I
ST

d) He asked us if he was being challenged by the language

LE

barrier.
CE
US
TE

245
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
I talked my mother into letting me borrow the car.

TI
6. (EN 2009) Choose the best option to rewrite the sentence Eu convenci minha mãe a me emprestar o carro.

ES
keeping the same meaning.
She looked the phone number up.

L
CE
On July 2nd , 2009, Peter asked Jane: "What time are we me- Ela procurou pelo número de telefone.
eting tomorrow"?

S
Peter wanted to know what time... Cuidado, nem todos os Transitive Phrasal Verbs são separáveis. Al-

EU
guns têm o objeto colocado após a preposição ou o advérbio:

AT
a) they are meeting tomorrow. I ran into an old friend yesterday.

8M
b) are they meeting tomorrow? Encontrei por acaso um velho amigo ontem.
c) they were meeting the day after.

79
d) were they meeting the next day? They are looking into the problem.

04
e) they are meeting the next day. Eles estão investigando o problema.

01
10
7. (AFA 2009) The Direct Speech of the two sentences "...I'd Outros Transitive Phrasal Verbs, porém, podem receber o objeto em

21
missed the train." and "... I was sorry..." (lines 16 and 17) is ambas as posições.

TO
a) "I missed the train" and "I am sorry". I looked the number up/looked up the number in the phone book.

EN
b) "I miss the train" and "I was sorry". Eu procurei o número na lista telefônica.
c) "I have been missing the train" and "I was sorry".

IM
d) "I would miss the train" and "I have been sorry". Embora muitos Phrasal Verbs possam receber o objeto em ambas
SC
as posições, coloque o objeto entre o verbo e a preposição ou o
NA

advérbio sempre se ele, o objeto, for um pronome:

CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

DO

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM I looked it up in the phone book.

Eu o procurei na lista telefônica.
O
IN

Infelizmente, não há um indicador comum para mostrar se o

ST

24 Phrasal Verb é separável, inseparável ou intransitivo. Em muitos ca-

LE

CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO sos, eles devem ser aprendidos by heart (“de cor”). A seguir, uma
CE

sequência de exemplos de cada tipo:

S

Separable
EU

PHRASAL VERBS I'm going to ask her out.

AT

Vou convidá-la para sair comigo.

8M

São locuções compostas por um verbo e uma preposição e/ou um

advérbio: The senator backed up the President's economic plan.
79

O senador apoiou o plano econômico do Presidente.

04

The plane has just taken off.

1

O avião acabou de decolar. He blew out the match after lighting the stove.
00

Ele apagou o fósforo depois de acender o fogão.

1

I cannot tell Jim from his brother.

21

Não consigo diferenciar Jim do irmão dele. The war plane fired a missile that blew up the bridge.
TO

O avião de guerra disparou um míssil que explodiu a ponte.

EN

I broke up with my girlfriend.

Eu terminei com minha namorada. Before you feel comfortable in your new shoes, you have to break
IM

them in.
SC

Alguns Phrasal Verbs são intransitivos: Antes de se sentir confortável com seus sapatos novos, você tem
NA

que amaciá-los.
He suddenly showed up.
DO

Ele apareceu de repente. The new trainee arrives tomorrow. It'll take some time to break
him in.
NO

Outros são transitivos: O novo estagiário chega amanhã. Vai levar algum tempo para
treiná-lo.
I
ST

I made up the story.

LE

Eu inventei a história. The U.S. broke off relations with Cuba in the 1960s.
CE

Os EUA romperam relações com Cuba nos anos 60.

Alguns Transitive Phrasal Verbs são separáveis, ou seja, o objeto
S

pode ser colocado entre o verbo e a preposição ou o advérbio:

U
TE

246
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Break up the chocolate in small pieces. Se forem fazer um piquenique, contem comigo.

TI
Quebre o chocolate em pequenos pedaços.

ES
If you support the war, count me out!
Economic problems brought about the devaluation of the Brazil- Se vocês estão apoiando a guerra, me deixem fora disso.

L
CE
ian real.
Problemas econômicos causaram a desvalorização do real. I crossed out all the errors in the essay.

S
Risquei todos os erros do trabalho.

EU
The meeting has been rescheduled for an earlier time. They de-

AT
cided to bring it forward one week. The electric company cut off our service until we paid our bill.

8M
A reunião foi remarcada para uma data mais próxima. Eles decidi- A companhia elétrica cortou nosso serviço até pagarmos nossa
ram antecipá-la em uma semana. conta.

79
04
The government will bring in new legislation to prevent economic Our brave soldiers drove back the enemy forces.

01
power abuse. Nossos bravos soldados repeliram as forças inimigas.

10
O governo vai criar nova legislação para coibir abuso de poder
The technician figured out the problem.

21
econômico.
O técnico descobriu qual era o problema.

TO
Parents have the responsibility to bring up their children.

EN
Os pais têm a responsabilidade de educar os filhos. We need your phone number. Please fill it in on this form.
Precisamos do seu número de telefone. Favor colocá-lo neste for-

IM
He brought up an interesting subject in the meeting. mulário.
SC
Ele abordou um assunto interessante na reunião.
NA

Fill out the application form, please.

Pentagon brushed off criminal complaint against Rumsfeld. Preencha o formulário de inscrição, por favor.
DO

O Pentágono desconsiderava acusações criminais contra Rums-

feld. The journalist found out that the politician was lying.
O

O jornalista descobriu que o político estava mentindo.

IN

The fire burned down the house in a short time.

ST

O fogo consumiu a casa em pouco tempo. I want to get my money back.

LE

Quero receber meu dinheiro de volta.

CE

We burned up all of the wood in the fireplace.

Queimamos toda a lenha na lareira. Don't let this situation gets you down.
S

Não permita que esta situação lhe deprima.

EU

I'm going to call off my medical appointment because I feel much

AT

better now. Get out of here!

8M

Vou cancelar minha consulta médica porque me sinto bem melhor Saia daqui!
agora.
79

She gave away her old dress.

04

I'm going to call my sister up tonight. Ela se desfez de seu vestido velho (deu de presente).
1

Vou ligar para minha irmã hoje à noite.

00

He gave up tennis.
1

They're having an argument. Let's calm them down. Ele abandonou o tênis.
21

Eles estão tendo uma briga. Vamos acalmá-los.

TO

Please, answer the questions, put your name on this sheet and
EN

The manager has an assistant to carry out general tasks like typing hand it in.
documents and answering the telephone. Favor responder as questões, colocar seu nome na folha e entregá-
IM

O gerente tem um assistente para executar tarefas gerais tais la.

SC

como digitar documentos e atender ao telefone.

NA

The teacher handed out the answer sheet.

Where did you get this information? I'll check it out. O professor distribuiu a folha de respostas.
DO

De onde você tirou estas informações? Eu vou verificar.

Hang up your coat in the closet after you take it off.
NO

Clean up your room, please. Pendure seu casaco no armário, depois de tirá-lo.
Limpe e arrume seu quarto, por favor.
I
ST

The plane will take off in ten minutes.

LE

I'm going to the bank to clear up the problem with my credit card. O avião irá decolar em dez minutos.
CE

Vou ao banco para esclarecer o problema com meu cartão de

crédito. Keep the children away from dangerous places.
S

It takes more than 4 hours to climb up that mountain.

U
TE

Leva mais de quatro horas para escalar aquela montanha.

247
MA

If you are going for a picnic, count me in.

 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Afaste as crianças de lugares perigosos. Ele destacou as qualidades dele durante a entrevista.

TI
ES
Keep your hands off me! Nobody thought he could win the election, but he pulled it off in
Tire suas mãos de mim! the end.

L
CE
Ninguém acreditava que ele pudesse vencer as eleições, mas, no
Keep up the good work. fim, ele conseguiu.

S
Continue fazendo um bom trabalho.

EU
The police pulled him over for speeding.

AT
The bad players were kicked off the team. A polícia o fez parar por excesso de velocidade.

8M
Os maus jogadores foram eliminados do time.
The coach really knows how to pump up the team.

79
He was knocked down three times during the fight. O treinador realmente consegue motivar o time.

04
Ele foi derrubado três vezes durante a luta.

01
Put your things away and clean up the room!

10
My books were too heavy, so I left them behind at the school. Guarde suas coisas e limpe o quarto!

21
Meus livros estavam muito pesados, então os deixei na escola.
When you are finished reading the book, please put it back on the

TO
Don't let me down. shelf.

EN
Não me decepcione. Quando você terminar de ler o livro, por favor, coloque-o de volta
na prateleira.

IM
Let me in! SC
Deixe-me entrar! He put down the newspaper and took off his glasses.
NA

Ele largou o jornal e tirou os óculos.

I let the dog out and the cat in.
DO

Deixei o cachorro sair e o gato entrar. I'm going to put my ideas down on paper.
Vou colocar minhas idéias no papel.
O

Light up the candles with these matches.

IN

Acenda as velas com estes fósforos. I think I'll have to put off my dental appointment.
ST

Acho que vou ter que cancelar minha hora marcada com o den-
LE

The police locked him up. tista.

CE

A polícia o prendeu.
He took his glasses out of his pocket and put them on.
S

You have to look up the dollar exchange rate every day. Ele tirou os óculos do bolso e os colocou.
EU

Você deve verificar/consultar a cotação do dólar todos os dias.

AT

The firemen put out the fire.

8M

You can attend classes on Saturdays to make up for the classes Os bombeiros apagaram o fogo.
you missed.
79

Você pode assistir à aula aos sábados para recuperar as que você They are planning to put together a new company.
04

faltou. Eles estão planejando formar uma nova empresa.

1
00

The shoes are really cheap. The store has marked them down by The government ruled out a cut in income tax.
1

30%! O governo excluiu uma redução no imposto de renda.

21

Os sapatos são realmente baratos. A loja remarcou os preços em

TO

30% abaixo! He ran over my bicycle with his car.

EN

Ele passou por cima da minha bicicleta com seu carro.

I'll pay you back as soon as I can.
IM

Eu lhe devolvo o dinheiro assim que puder. The quality of his work sets him apart from other painters.
SC

A qualidade de seu trabalho distingue-o dos demais pintores.

NA

He picked up the newspaper to read.

Ele pegou o jornal para ler.. He had a wealthy and influential father, who set him up in business
DO

right after college.

He went to the States and picked up English in 4 months.
NO

Ele foi aos Estados Unidos e aprendeu inglês em quatro meses. Ele teve um pai rico e influente, que o colocou no ramo dos negó-
cios assim que concluiu a faculdade.
I
ST

He tries to play down the seriousness of his wife's illness. They set me up.
LE

Ele tenta diminuir a gravidade da doença de sua esposa. Eles me armaram uma enrascada.
CE

He pointed out his qualities during the interview. Shut the computer down and let's go.
US
TE

248
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Desligue o computador e vamos. A música está muito alta. Você pode baixar o volume, por favor?

TI
ES
This is a device that automatically shuts off the gas in case of an The witnesses turned the thief in to the police.
earthquake. As testemunhas entregaram o ladrão para a polícia.

L
CE
Este é um dispositivo que automaticamente desliga (corta) o gás
em caso de terremoto. I turned the TV off and went to sleep.

S
Desliguei a televisão e fui dormir.

EU
After collecting all the information, we have to sort it out.

AT
Depois de coletar todas as informações, temos que organizá-las. Mike turned on the gas heater.

8M
O Mike ligou o aquecedor a gás.
Let me spell out the problem again.

79
Deixe-me explicar o problema de novo. Wake up the children!

04
Acorde as crianças!

01
Her new boyfriend stood her up on their second date.

10
O novo namorado dela deu bolo (não apareceu) no segundo en- Authorities in Rio warn off tourist from taking city buses.

21
contro deles. As autoridades no Rio advertem os turistas a não tomarem ônibus
urbanos.

TO
In order to fix the machine you have to take it apart.

EN
Para consertar a máquina, você tem que desmontá-la. We had a sandwich washed down with beer.
Comemos um sanduíche e bebemos cerveja.

IM
Take it away from here. SC
Tire isso daqui. Why don't you write it down, so that you don't forget it.
NA

Que tal você tomar nota disso para não esquecer.

You should take back your purchase if you are not satisfied.
DO

Você deve devolver a mercadoria, se não estiver satisfeito com ela. Inseparable
He wants to apply for the job.
O

Our teacher is leaving and a new one is taking over next week. Ele quer se candidatar ao emprego.
IN

Nossa professora vai embora e uma nova assumirá semana que

ST

vem. We put an alarm in our house after a thief broke into it last year.
LE

Instalamos um alarme em nossa casa depois que um ladrão a in-

CE

I'm planning to take up English next semester. vadiu no ano passado.

Estou planejando começar a estudar inglês no próximo semestre.
S

The job calls for English fluency.

EU

I'm going to drink tonight and don't try to talk me out of it. O emprego exige fluência em inglês.
AT

Vou beber hoje de noite e não tente me convencer do contrário.

8M

I sometimes call on my friends for help with problems.

We should talk over the plan and come to an agreement. Eu às vezes recorro a meus amigos em busca de ajuda para meus
79

Devemos discutir o plano e chegar a um acordo. problemas.

104

The old building is going to be torn down. He is not the kind of person who cares for others.
00

O prédio antigo vai ser demolido. Ele não é do tipo que se preocupa com os outros.
1

Joyce's husband has been cheating on her.

21

Did you throw those papers away? O marido da Joyce anda enganando ela.
TO

Você jogou fora aqueles papéis?

EN

He came across an old friend.

Did you throw out the old newspapers? Ele encontrou por acaso um velho amigo.
IM

Você jogou fora os jornais velhos?

SC

The army requires that all soldiers conform to strict rules.

NA

She's going to try on the new dress. O exército exige que todos os soldados submetam-se a regras rígi-
Ela vai experimentar o vestido novo. das.
DO

He's going to try out the new car. We will only consent to signing the contract if it complies with our
NO

Ele vai experimentar o carro novo. demands.

Nós só vamos concordar em assinar o contrato se ele atender às
I
ST

He turned down the job offer. nossas exigências.

LE

Ele recusou a oferta de emprego.

CE

We can't count on you because you are never here when we need
The music is too loud. Can you turn it down, please? you.
US
TE

249
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Não podemos contar com você porque você nunca está aqui

TI
quando precisamos de você. I hope he doesn't back out of the deal.

ES
Espero que ele não desista do negócio.
I don’t have a car, so I'll have to do without one until I get a job.

L
CE
Não tenho carro, portanto vou ter que me virar sem até conseguir The poor woman broke down in tears.
um emprego. A pobre mulher rompeu em lágrimas.

S
EU
She got into the Federal University in her first try. Peace talks between the warring countries have broken down.

AT
Ela conseguiu entrar na Universidade Federal em sua primeira ten- As conversações pela paz entre os países em guerra fracassaram.

8M
tativa.
The couple decided to break up after their argument.

79
She got over the flu after being sick for a week. O casal decidiu romper o namoro depois da briga.

04
Ele se recuperou da gripe depois de estar doente durante uma se-

01
mana. The teacher repeats grammar exercises until the students catch

10
on.
I went into the museum when it started raining.

21
O professor repete exercícios gramaticais até que os alunos enten-
Entrei no museu quando começou a chover. dam a matéria.

TO
EN
She will go over the essay to check for errors. He came back to Brazil after two years abroad.
Ela vai revisar o texto para verificar se não há erros. Ele retornou ao Brasil depois dois anos no exterior.

IM
SC
My grandmother went through difficult times when my grandfa- Many languages have died out in the history of mankind.
NA

ther died. Muitas línguas já desapareceram na história da humanidade.

Minha avó passou por momentos difíceis quando meu avô faleceu.
DO

The door handle fell off.

I've found a box of old documents but haven't had time to go A maçaneta da porta caiu.
O

through them yet.

IN

Achei uma caixa com documentos antigos, mas ainda não tive When I saw the boy up in the tree, I told him to get down.
ST

tempo para examiná-los. Quando vi o menino em cima da árvore, eu lhe disse que descesse.
LE
CE

I like to leaf through books at the bookstore but I rarely buy any. I usually get up early.
Gosto de folhear (dar uma olhada em) livros na livraria, mas rara- Eu normalmente levanto cedo.
S

mente compro um.

EU

He gave in to the pressure.

AT

When you grow up you'll have to look after your parents. Ele cedeu frente à pressão.
8M

Quando você crescer, terá que cuidar dos seus pais.

Why don't you go back home?
79

What are you looking for? Por que você não volta para casa?
04

O que você está procurando?

1

I'll look into that matter after the meeting. I'm sorry I'm late; my alarm didn't go off.
00

Vou examinar essa questão depois da reunião. Desculpe o atraso; meu despertador não disparou/tocou.
1
21

I ran into an old friend yesterday. He wants to be a doctor when he grows up.
TO

Encontrei um velho amigo ontem. Ele quer ser médico quando crescer.
EN

You are very sick. I'll send for the doctor. The best player pulled out of the tournament because of an injury.
IM

Você está muito doente. Vou mandar chamar o médico. O melhor jogador abandonou o torneio devido a uma lesão.
SC
NA

He stood by her during the good times and the bad. When he was about 30 he decided to settle down and raise a family.
Ele se manteve ao lado dela durante os bons e os maus momentos. Lá pelos 30 anos de idade ele decidiu se acomodar e constituir
DO

família.
BBC stands for British Broadcasting Corporation.
NO

BBC significa British Broadcasting Corporation. She waited for an hour but he never showed up for the date.
Ela esperou durante uma hora, mas ele não apareceu para o en-
I
ST

Our group stands for the rights and welfare of animals. contro.
LE

Nosso grupo defende os direitos e o bem-estar dos animais.

CE

Shut up and listen to me!

Intransitive Cale-se e me escute!
US
TE

250
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
TI
Reality is finally beginning to sink in for the supporters of the for- The police need to crack down on burglary.

ES
mer government. A polícia precisa tomar medidas severas contra furto.
A realidade está finalmente sendo compreendida em sua plenitude

L
CE
por aqueles que apoiavam o governo anterior. The school should do away with some of the regulations.
A escola deveria acabar com alguns dos regulamentos.

S
Sit down, please.

EU
Sente-se, por favor. Teenagers are dropping out of school in large numbers.

AT
Adolescentes estão abandonando a escola em grande número.

8M
Every morning I sleep in now that I'm retired.
Eu durmo até mais tarde todas as manhãs, agora que estou apo- He's been fooling around with girls for years.

79
sentado. Ele anda se divertindo com mulheres há anos.

04
01
You have to stand up when the national anthem is played. How are you getting along with your girlfriend?

10
Você deve ficar de pé quando o hino nacional é tocado. Como é que você anda se dando com sua namorada?

21
It's late to drive home. Why don't you stay over? I'm going to get back at him for what he did.

TO
É tarde para você voltar para casa dirigindo. Você não quer dormir Vou me vingar dele pelo que ele me fez.

EN
aqui?
She's just got back from her trip.

IM
The empire strikes back. Ela acabou de retornar da viagem.
SC
O império contra-ataca.
NA

I have to get through with my work first.

After getting totally drunk he started to throw up. Tenho que terminar meu trabalho primeiro.
DO

Depois de se embebedar por completo, ele começou a vomitar.

Keep out of this room.
O

I invited a lot of people but only a few turned up. Mantenha-se longe deste quarto.
IN

Convidei muitas pessoas, mas apenas algumas apareceram.

ST

Keep up with the good work.

LE

From now on, instead of eating a lot, I'm going to work out at the Continue fazendo um bom trabalho.
CE

gym.
A partir de agora, em vez de comer muito, vou malhar na aca- The rowdy man was kicked out of the bar.
S

demia. O homem desordeiro foi posto para fora do bar.

EU
AT

Three-Word Verbs We are looking forward to meeting you.

8M

Seu uso é mais comum em linguagem informal, entretanto, é im- Estamos na expectativa de encontrarmos com você.
portante que tenhamos em mente alguns já bastante frequentes:
79

Look out for the careless drivers.

04

What are they up to? Cuidado com os motoristas descuidados.

1

O que eles andam tramando (fazendo)?

00

She broke up with me. I'm not going to put up with it.
1

Ela terminou comigo. Não vou aguentar isso.

21
TO

The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment. Don't let your emotions run away with you.
EN

O médico disse a ela que continuasse com o tratamento. Não deixe suas emoções tomarem conta de você.
They ran out of gas in the middle of the desert.
IM

I've been getting low grades, but I'll study hard and catch up with Eles ficaram sem gasolina no meio do deserto.
SC

the other students.

NA

Tenho recebido notas baixas, mas vou me esforçar e alcançar os Watch out for the careless drivers.
demais alunos. Cuidado com os motoristas descuidados.
DO

You have to check out of the hotel before noon. Nas questões a seguir, encontraremos alguns Phrasal Verbs que
NO

Você tem que dar saída do hotel antes do meio-dia. não constam nas listas de exemplo.
I
ST

He came up to me and said: 'You are under arrest.'

LE

Ele chegou a mim e disse: ‘Você está preso.’

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
CE

He came up with an unbelievable explanation.

Ela veio com uma explicação inacreditável.
US
TE

251
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
1. Mike is so ambitious. It’s difficult to __________ with him. 11. Choose the correct alternative which indicates the meaning of

TI
blow over in the following

ES
a) put on b) call on c) put off d) put up e) call up sentence:
They're hoping that this crisis will BLOW OVER and be forgotten.

L
CE
2. You have to __________ this avenue. The church is on the top of
the hill. a) happen suddenly and make you able to accept a pleasant

S
experience.

EU
a) go up b) go away c) go by d) go down e) go on b) explode.

AT
c) succeed in spite of difficulties.

8M
3. I was able to __________ all the math exercises because I had d) become stronger and cause trouble for other people.
studied a lot. e) pass without doing harm.

79
04
a) get on d) get together 12. Find the correct alternative:

01
b) get off e) get through

10
c) get to a) to put on - to remove d) to put on weight - to grow fat

21
b) to put out - to increase e) to put together - to keep
4. Carla is going to __________ her nieces for her sister next week. c) to put off - to dress

TO
EN
a) look like d) look good 13. Assinale a alternativa que melhor traduz a seguinte frase:
b) look up e) look for I have run out of vinegar.

IM
c) look after SC
a) Corri para buscar vinagre. d) Meu vinagre acabou.
NA

5. Complete with the correct Phrasal Verb: b) Derramei o vinagre. e) Joguei fora o vinagre.
I’m __________ meeting you at the party. c) Preciso sair para pegar vinagre.
DO

a) looking forward to e) putting up with 14. Choose the correct alternative. Indicate the meaning of catch
O

b) looking towards to d) taking over on to in the following sentence:

IN

c) getting together We didn't quite CATCH ON TO what the teacher said.

ST
LE

6. I don't know how I __________ the first couple of months after a) reach the same standard or level d) believe
CE

Andy's death. b) hear e) understand

c) confirm
S

a) got through d) look after

EU

b) struck back e) look over 15. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a sentença
AT

c) apply for a seguir:

8M

He took ... his hat.

7. That project seemed impossible but we __________.
79

a) off b) out c) in d) into e) on

04

a) pulled off it d) pulling it off

1

b) it pulled off e) pull off it 16. Choose the CORRECT answer:

00

c) pulled it off The woman is TAKING CARE of her baby. She is:
1
21

8. Why don’t you __________. a) looking back on her baby. d) looking down on her baby.
TO

b) looking for her baby. e) looking over her baby.

EN

a) her ask out c) ask her out c) looking after her baby.
b) ask out her d) asked out her
IM

17. The verb to go may be followed by many adverbial particles

SC

9. Fill in the gaps meaningfully: and prepositions that add different

NA

People, stop __________ and __________ to work. Right now! meanings to it. Match the two columns and then mark the correct
alternative:
DO

a) breaking up – pull out c) slacking off – get back I go up

b) going off – stand for d) sleeping in – strike back II go on
NO

III go away
10. You need to __________ if you want to __________ your life. IV go by
I
ST
LE

a) get over her – move with c) her get over – move on with R. continue
CE

b) get her over – move with d) get over her – move on with S. leave
T. rise
US
TE

252
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
U. move

TI
V. pass

ES
QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO
Mark the correct match.

L
CE
a) I T; II U; III S; IV R d) I U; II R; III S; IV V 1. (EFOMM 2017) Which is the correct option to complete the sen-

S
b) I T; II R; III S; IV V e) I U; II V; III S; IV R tence below?

EU
c) I T; II V; III U; IV R

AT
Ruth wanted to be transferred to another department, but her

8M
18. Qual alternativa possui os três verbos na ordem natural de seu application was________ because her own department is under-
uso? staffed.

79
04
a) wake up/sleep/get up d) sleep/wake up/get up a) turned down d) turned over

01
b) sleep/get up/wake up e) sleep/stand up/ wake up b) turned out e) turned away

10
c) get up/wake up/sleep c) turned up

21
19. Is that my new TV in that package? 2. (PM-MG 2015) Regarding the right use of participle adjectives,

TO
Yes, just ... choose the best alternative to fill the sentences:

EN
a) open it up, take it out, plug it in and turn it on. Sarah __________ her best clothes for the prom.

IM
b) open it up, take it off, plug it on and turn it on. SC
c) take it out, open it on, plug it off and turn it up. a) Dressed up c) Put away
NA

d) take it in, plug it out, turn it down and open it up. b) Took out d) Put out
e) open it out, take it up, turn it on and plug it on.
DO

3. (EFOMM 2016) Choose the option that correctly completes the

20. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a sentença sentences below, respectively.
O

a seguir:
IN

I really can't get ______ with this boy. I- Factories are warning that they may have to ______ workers.
ST

II- He wore a dark grey suit that would not ______ in a workplace.
LE

a) into b) under c) along d) off e) between III- This plan might ______ costing us more money.
CE

21. Give the correct translation for the following phrasal verbs: a) put down / stand up / end up
S

b) count on / rule out / come down

EU

a) Come true ___________________ c) lay off / stick out / wind up

AT

b) Fall asleep ___________________ d) wipe out / set aside / go up

8M

c) Feel like ___________________ e) give away / turn around / finish up

d) Get around ___________________
79

e) Get back ___________________ 4. (EFOMM 2016) In line 65, “(...) they have added extra forms to
04

f) Get over ___________________ cope with the needs of their users (...)”, the phrasal verb in bold is
1

g) Get up ___________________ closest in meaning to:

00

h) Give up ___________________
1

i) Go away ___________________ a) foresee d) realize

21

j) Go on ___________________ b) support e) handle

TO

k) Lay off ___________________ c) respect

EN

l) Look after ___________________

m) Look for ___________________ 5. (EN 2016) Which is the correct option to complete the sentence
IM

n) Put off ___________________ below?

SC

o) Run away ___________________ 25 simple well-being tricks to health-proof your body

NA

p) Run over ___________________

q) Set free ___________________ Let's be honest, we could all do with looking _________ ourselves
DO

r) Stand up for ___________________ better. And if you follow these simple well-being tricks to health-
s) Take over ___________________ proof your body, you'll soon feel the benefits .
NO

t) Turn on _____________________
Here are 25 instant body boosters from top to toe.
I
ST
LE

(http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/25-simple-health-tips-boost-
CE

2305412)
US
TE

253
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
a) for b) up c) to d) after e) into below?

TI
ES
“We had to cancel the search because of worsening weather con- I don't know how some teachers _____ such disrespectful and rude
ditions. But we will not stop trying. We will continue the rescue as students.

L
CE
soon as the weather gets better.”
a) look forward. d) put through to.

S
6. (EFOMM 2010) The underlined verbs above can be replaced with b) come down to. e) put up with.

EU
the ‘following phrasal verbs, respectively, without having their me- c) come up with.

AT
anings changed:

8M
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
a) call off / give up / keep on A(s) questão(ões) a seguir está(ão) relacionada(s) ao texto abaixo.

79
b) call off / give in / keep on

04
c) call out / give up / keep in So here I am, upside down in a woman. Arms patiently

01
d) call down / give up / keep on crossed, waiting, waiting and wondering who I'm in, 1what I’m in for.

10
e) call out / give in / keep in My eyes close nostalgically when I remember how I once drifted

21
in my translucent body bag, floated dreamily in the bubble of my
7. (EFOMM 2019) Choose the correct alternative to complete the thoughts through my 2private ocean in slowmotion somersaults,

TO
statements. colliding gently against the 3transparent bounds of my confine-

EN
ment, the confiding membrane that vibrated with, even as it mu-
I - They __________ the search after three hours. It was hopeless. ffled, the voices of conspirators in a 4vile enterprise. That was in my

IM
II - Somebodyls got to __________ those high principles. careless youth. Now, fully inverted, not an inch of space to myself,
SC
III - We shouldn't _____________ their arguments so easily. knees crammed against belly, my thoughts as well as my head are
NA

IV - I'm trying to _________ my own work. fully engaged. I’ve no choice, my ear is pressed all day and night
V - What a preposterous ideal Jane will never __________ with it ! against the 5bloody walls. I listen, make mental notes, and I’m trou-
DO

bled. I’m hearing pillow talk of deadly intent and I’m terrified by
a) gave up / stand up for / give in / catch up on / get away what awaits me, by what might 6draw me in.
O

b) carried out / stand up to / give over / catch up on /get ahead I’m immersed in abstractions, and only the proliferating
IN

c) gave up / stand up to / give over / catch up with / get across relations between them create the illusion of a known world. When
ST

d) gave up / stand up for / give over / catch up with / get along I hear "blue," which I’ve never seen, I imagine some kind of mental
LE

e) carried out / stand up to / given in / catch up on / get throu- event that's fairly close to "green"—which I’ve never seen. I count
CE

gh myself an innocent, 7unburdened by allegiances and obligations, a

free spirit, despite my 8meagre living room. No one to contradict or
S

8. (EFOMM 2009) In: "Did you buy a new bike?" reprimand me, no name or previous address, no religion, no debts,
EU

no enemies. My appointment diary, if it existed, notes only my for-

AT

"Yes, I bought one two weeks ago." thcoming birthday. I am, or I was, despite what the geneticists are
8M

now saying, a blank slate. 9But a slippery, porous slate no school-

Which phrasal verb can substitute the under1ined word? -room or cottage roof could find use for, a slate that writes upon
79

itself as it grows by the day and becomes less blank. I count myself
04

a) ran into d) turned out an innocent, but it seems I'm party to a plot. My mother, bless her
1

b) let down e) picked up 10unceasing, loudly squelching heart, seems to be involved.

00

c) picked out
1

In: McEWAN, Ian. Nutshell: a novel. New York: Nan A. Talese / Dou-
21

9. (EFOMM 2012) The boss refused her request for a day off. The bleday, 2016. p. 1-2.
TO

underlined word can be replaced by:

EN

12. O segmento draw me in (ref. 6), como empregado no texto,

a) turned out d) turned in poderia ser substituído por
IM

b) turned over e) turned down

SC

c) turned off a) arrest me.

NA

b) envolve me.
10. (EN 2012) Which of the alternatives below correctly completes c) reveal me.
DO

the sentence? d) convert me.

e) accuse me.
NO

What I like about Jenny is that she always comes (1) ____with great
ideas. TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
I
ST

Para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir, considere o texto

LE

a) on b) off c) through d) up e) for abaixo.

CE

11. (EN 2015) Which is the correct option to complete the sentence Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 in Chi-
US
TE

254
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
cago, Illinois. At age 16, during World War I, he faked his age to join 14. Which is the correct option to complete the sentence below?

TI
the American Red Cross. He soon returned home, where he won

ES
a scholarship to the Kansas City Art Institute. There, he met a fel- I don’t know how some teachers __________ such disrespectful and
low animator, Ub Iwerks. The two soon set up their own company. rude students.

L
CE
In the early 1920s, they made a series of animated shorts for the
Newman theater chain, entitled Newman's Laugh-O-Grams. Their a) look forward

S
company soon went bankrupt, however. b) come down to

EU
The two then went to Hollywood in 1923. They started c) come up with

AT
work on a new series, about a live-action little girl who journeys to d) put through to

8M
a world of animated characters. Entitled the Alice Comedies, they e) put up with
were distributed by M. J. Winkler (Margaret). Walt was backed up

79
financially only by Winkler and his older brother Roy O. Disney, who

04
remained his business partner for the rest of his life. Hundreds of TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

01
Alice Comedies were produced between 1923 and 1927, before they Brazil cotton deal perpetuates an unhealthy status quo

10
lost popularity. of subsidies

21
Walt then started work on a series around a new ani-
mated character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. This series was success- When is a victory for the United States not a victory for

TO
ful, but in 1928, Walt discovered that M.J. Winkler and her husband, the American taxpayer? When it’s an international agreement like

EN
Charles Mintz, had stolen the rights to the character away from the one the Obama administration has just reached to settle a
him. They had also stolen all his animators, except for Ub Iwerks. long-running dispute with Brazil over cotton subsidies. The roots of

IM
While taking the train home, Walt started doodling on a piece of that dispute 1lie in this country’s history of showering federal funds
SC
paper. The result of these doodles was a mouse named Mickey. on crop producers, including cotton growers. That particular busi-
NA

With only Walt and Ub to animate, three Mickey Mouse cartoons ness received from Washington between 1995 and 2012, according
were quickly produced. The first two didn't sell, so Walt added syn- to the Environmental Working Group, largely through programs
DO

chronized sound to the last one, Steamboat Willie (1928), and it was that had the effect of rewarding farmers for increasing produc-
immediately picked up. With Walt as the voice of Mickey, it pre- tion. The extra supply dampened prices on the world market, so,
O

miered to great success. Many more cartoons followed. Walt was in 2002, Brazil complained to the World Trade Organization, which
IN

now in the big time. ruled that US cotton subsidies were indeed “trade-distorting” and
ST

In 1929, he created the Silly Symphonies, a cartoon series authorized Brazil to retaliate against US exports. The United States
LE

that didn't have a continuous character. They were another suc- avoided sanctions — not by reforming its programs but by agreeing
CE

cess. One of them, Flowers and Trees (1932), was the first cartoon to in 2010 to pay Brazil’s cotton farmers per year.
be produced in color and the first cartoon to win an Oscar; another, In short, the US government bought off Brazil’s cotton
S

Three Little Pigs (1933), was so popular it was often billed above the farmers so that it could 2keep on buying off its own. Under the new
EU

feature films it accompanied. In 1934, Walt started work on another settlement, announced Wednesday, Brazil agreed to drop its case
AT

new idea: a cartoon that ran the length of a feature film. Everyone at the WTO and to 3forgo any new ones during the five-year term of
8M

in Hollywood was calling it "Disney's Folly", but Snow White and the the farm bill Congress enacted last year. In return, the United States
Seven Dwarfs (1937) was anything but, winning one big and seven agreed to trim the modest US cotton export credit subsidy pro-
79

little special Oscars for Walt. While continuing to produce cartoon gram and, most important, to pay Brazil one last dollop of taxpayer
04

shorts, he also started producing more of the animated features. cash, in the amount of
1

Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942) were all suc- This is good news to the extent that it fortifies US-Brazil
00

cesses; not even a flop like Fantasia (1940) and a studio animators' relations on the eve of a new presidential term in that country and
1

strike in 1941 could stop Disney now. that it spares US exporters from the threat of Brazilian retaliation,
21

Adapted from http://www.imdb.com. which could have reached a total of per year. Yet, in essence, the
TO

new deal perpetuates the unhealthy status quo whereby the United
EN

13. In which of the following alternatives does ‘picked up’ have a States pays Brazil ____ the right ____ continue propping _____ a
similar meaning as in it was immediately picked up? domestic cotton industry that can ____ should learn to compete
IM

____ its own.

SC

a) Haywood had become addicted to coke, a habit he picked Published by The Washington Post (The text below has been slightly modified to better
NA

up in New York. suit the exam)

b) He picked up Le Canard Enchainé, the satirical weekly he
DO

most often purchased. 15. What does buy off mean as used in the text?
c) In last fall’s elections, Republicans picked up three seats in
NO

the Senate. a) To charge someone interest on money they borrowed from

d) His e-mail account has been hacked, and the leaked content you and have not yet paid back.
I
ST

picked up and used by his critics. b) To charge a lower price than the market value for certain
LE

e) Work at this site languished in the 1990s and early 2000s but products.
CE

has picked up in the past few years. c) To pay money to someone to help them build up their own
business.
US
TE

255
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
d) To pay money to someone in order to persuade them not to 18
live out the true 16meaning of 6its creed: “We hold these truths to

TI
cause trouble or carry out a threat. be self-evident: that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that

ES
my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their

L
CE
character.
19
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the

S
South with. When we allow 10freedom to 12ring, when we let 7it ring

EU
from every state and every city, we will speed up that 14day when

AT
all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles,

8M
Toronto wants the world to discover what our city has to offer. And Protestants and Catholics, will join hands and sing the old Negro
how better to do that than by putting the world in touch with the spiritual, “Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free

79
people who know and love Toronto the best – the people who live at last!”

04
here. Adaptado de: LUTHER KING JR., Martin. I have a dream. Disponível em: <http://www.archi-

01
ves.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf>. Acesso em: 06 set. 2013.

10
How does TAP into TO! work?
17. A melhor tradução para live out (ref. 18), conforme empregado

21
We have lined up an array of energetic, knowledgeable volunteer no texto, é

TO
Torontonians, who are ready, willing and able to show you their fa-

EN
vourite parts of Toronto. a) deixar de fora.
b) eliminar.

IM
Tell us when you'll be visiting, when you have two to four hours of c) viver fora.
SC
free time and what neighbourhood you would like to see. d) pôr em prática.
NA

e) defender.
We'll match you up with a greeter who shares your area of interest
DO

and you'll be set to go. TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

“Fan” is 1__________ abbreviated form of “fanatic”, which
O

Please give us at least one week notice to make the match. It is also has __________ roots in 3__________ Latin word “fanaticus”, which
2
IN

important to note that the greeter visits cannot be arranged for simply meant “belonging to the temple, a devotee”. But these wor-
ST

the first day of arrival in the city – just in case you are unavoidably ds quickly 5assumed negative connotations, to the point of beco-
LE

delayed on your arrival. ming references to excessive religious belief and to any mistaken
CE

Disponível em: <http://www.toronto.ca/tapto/about.htm>. Acesso em: 9 set. 2013. enthusiasm.

(Adaptado). Based on such connotations, news reports frequently
S

characterize fans as psychopaths 4__________ frustrated fantasies

EU

16. The phrasal verb in the title, “Tap Into TO!”, is best expressed of intimate relationships with stars or unsatisfied desires to achie-
AT

by the phrase ve stardom take violent and antisocial forms. Whether viewed as
8M

a religious fanatic, a psychopathic killer, a neurotic fantasist, or a

a) connect with Toronto. lust-crazed groupie, the fan remains a “fanatic” with interests alien
79

b) stay a while in Toronto. to the realm of “normal” cultural experience and a mentality dan-
04

c) stop over in Toronto. gerously out of touch with reality.

1

d) take a day in Toronto. To understand the logic behind this discursive construc-
00

e) go about Toronto. tion of fans, 6we must reconsider what we mean by taste. Concepts
1

of “good taste,” appropriate conduct, or aesthetic merit are not na-

21

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: tural or universal; 7rather, they are rooted in social experience and
TO

I am happy to join 1__________ you today in what will go down in reflect particular class interests. Taste becomes one of the impor-
EN

history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of tant means by which social distinctions are maintained and class
our nation. identities are forged. Those who “naturally” possess appropriate
IM

In the process 2__________ gaining our rightful place we must not tastes “deserve” a privileged position, while the tastes of others are
SC

be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for seen as underdeveloped. Taste distinctions determine desirable
NA

freedom 3__________ drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. and 8undesirable ways of relating to cultural objects, strategies of
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity interpretation and styles of consumption.
DO

and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degene- The stereotypical conception of the fan reflects anxie-
rate into physical violence. 4The marvelous new militancy which ties about the violation of dominant cultural hierarchies. 9The fans’
NO

has engulfed the 15Negro community must not lead us to distrust of transgression of bourgeois taste disrupt dominant cultural hie-
all white people, for 13many of our white brothers, as evidenced by rarchies, insuring that their preferences be seen as abnormal and
I

8
ST

5
their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny threatening by those who have an interest in the maintenance of
LE

is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is 17inextricably bound these standards (even by those who may share similar tastes but
CE

to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. express them in different ways).

I have a 9dream that one day 11this nation will rise up and Adapted from: JENKINS, Henry. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Cultu-
US
TE

256
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
re. New York / London: Routledge, 1992. p. 12-16.

TI
a) new information about the topic.

ES
18. Select the alternative which could replace assumed (ref. 5) b) extra explanation on the subject.
without significant change in meaning. c) a summary of the main ideas.

L
CE
d) a detailed description of the content.
a) took on e) an unfavorable judgment, if compared to the first part of the

S
b) became text.

EU
c) earned

AT
d) got into

8M
e) formed

79
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

04
Studying Abroad: the benefits

01
10
21
[…] Oh the cell phone! Everyone knows how important personal

TO
cell phones have become to teens. 3In fact, TeenFrontier.com re-

EN
ports that 25% of cell phone 4revenues come from teens. 2As im-
portant as your cell phone is, summer job etiquette demands that

IM
teenagers take steps to curb the use of personal cell phones in the
SC
workspace. To be considered a professional working teen at a sum-
NA

mer job, 1keep cell phones off, avoid texting and keep earpieces out
of sight while working. […]
DO

DIAS, Reinildes; JUCÁ, Leina; FARIA, Raquel. Prime: inglês para o ensino médio. São Paulo:

Macmillan, 2010. (Adaptado.)

O

James Donald asks experts around the world to identify

IN

the top benefits of studying abroad, and key factors to consider 20. Em relação aos recursos linguísticos utilizados no texto, pode-
ST

when choosing a location. -se afirmar que

LE

“Graduate study is beneficial in providing the oppor-

CE

tunity for students to study in a different country”, says Elizabeth I. Keep... off (ref. 1) é um phrasal verb e significa ‘manter distância’.
Dalferes, Assistant Director of Admission and Graduate Program II. Em “As important as your cell fone is...” (ref. 2), há uma compara-
S

Administration at Tulane Law School. “With a wealth of universities ção de superioridade implícita.
EU

offering graduate programs around the world, students will often III. In fact (ref. 3) é um marcador do discurso e indica uma refor-
AT

pursue a master's degree at a foreign institution to gain a unique mulação.

8M

cultural experience while acquiring new skills”. IV. O vocábulo revenues (ref. 4) é um termo cognato.
1
To sum up, Dee Roach says that some of the benefits of V. O trecho “keep cell phones off, avoid texting and keep earpieces
79

studying abroad include: out of sight while working.” (ref. 1) expressa um conselho.
04

Independence: You obviously have to cope on your

1

own when you are studying abroad. You have to be able to look Estão CORRETAS
00

after yourself and sort out your own affairs.

1

Culture: The best way of finding out about another cul- a) I, III e V.
21

ture is by immersing yourself in it, and you can only do that by living b) I e III.
TO

in a country. Once you are working, your holiday or experiences c) I, II e V.

EN

overseas might be limited to only two to four weeks per year, so, d) III e IV.
studying abroad is a great opportunity to remain in a country and e) I e V.
IM

learn all about it over a longer period of time.

SC

Career: Anyone who is able to put on their CV that they TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
NA

studied abroad is at a great advantage in terms of impressing futu- 2012’s Second Sun
re employers. At a very basic level, it will give you something to talk
DO

about in an interview. But much more importantly, it will prove to Earth is believed to be getting a second sun burning in the sky
your potential employer that you have the ability to stand on your near the end of 2012, as the second biggest star in the universe,
NO

own two feet, that you can fit in when placed in different environ- Betelgeuse, is dying, which will lead to “multiple days of constant
ments, and that you are resourceful and have initiative. daylight.”
I
ST

Retrieved and adapted from http://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/studying-

LE

-abroad/studying-abroad-benefits. Access on March 18th, 2014 Many ancient cultures 4have speculated about the appearance of
CE

a second sun and this event appears to 1tie in very closely with the
19. The verb “To sum up” (ref. 1) introduces: December 21 2012 predictions.
US
TE

257
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
TI
Betelgeuse is the second 2biggest star in the universe and the ei-

ES
ghth 3brightest in the night sky, Scientists 5have determined that
the star is losing mass at a rapid rate, which indicates it will go su-

L
CE
pernova very soon.

S
The light emitted from this exploding star will be so bright that it

EU
will appear for a few weeks at the end of 2012 as a second sun in the

AT
sky. There may be little if no period of darkness or night according

8M
to senior lecturer of physics at the University of Southern Queens-
land, Brad Carter.

79
04
Earth will experience “brightness for a brief period of time for a

01
couple of weeks and then over the coming months it begins to fade

10
and then eventually it will be very hard to see at all,” explained the

21
Australian scientist Brad Carter to news.com.au.

TO
Scientist 6have known about this dying star which is 640 light years

EN
away from Earth, since 2005. It is believed that as Betelgeuse goes
supernova it will not be harmful to Earth. “There will be neutrinos

IM
emitted during the supernova process, said University of Minnesota SC
physics professor Priscilla Cushman, but neutrinos, even lots and
NA

lots of them, are only weakly interacting, so they won't affect life on
earth,” but that is only speculation at this point. Accessed on: March 25th, 2012.
DO

The fact is, we as human beings have never experienced anything 22. Analyze the sentences which contain the correct grammar de-
O

like this before so close to our home planet, and to be honest, we finition from words, as used in the text.
IN

just don’t know for sure what this event could bring.
ST

(www.december212012.com) on 30/08/11 I. Outside: adverb of place; stuff: noun.

LE

II. Commercially: adverb of manner; until: adjective.

CE

21. Mark the correct alternative. III. Turned out: gerund; overnight: adverb of time.
The phrasal verb “tie in” (ref. 1) means: IV. Stuff: noun; commercially: adjective.
S

V. Were used and applied: passive voice; turned out: phrasal verb.
EU

a) to match
AT

b) to go against to Mark the correct alternative.

8M

c) to determine
d) to fix a) I and V are correct.
79

e) to fasten b) I, II and V are correct.

04

c) III and IV are correct.

1

TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES: d) II and IV are correct.

00

e) All options are correct.

1
21

23. Mark the correct alternative which replaces the underlined ex-
TO

pression in: “We made stuff up”.

EN

a) invented
IM

b) destroyed
SC

c) controlled
NA

d) sold
e) reached
DO

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

NO

Dear Readers,
I
ST

Were you bullied at school today? Did you see someone

LE

else being bullied? According to a 2005 study by researchers at the

CE

University of California at Los Angeles, nearly one half of middle-

-school students reported being bullied at least once during five
US
TE

258
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
school days. Even more kids had seen others being bullied. Bullying a) promote the book production.

TI
is harmful not only to the kids that are bullied, but to every kid in b) be accepted by users.

ES
school. Hitting, teasing, name-calling and other forms of bullying c) start to exist.
create an atmosphere of fear and dread. Every kid wonders, Will I d) change its format.

L
CE
be bullied next? e) become fashionable.
At TIME For Kids, we want every kid to feel comfortable,

S
safe and confident at school, so everyone can focus on learning TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

EU
and growing. That’s why we are so proud that the Department of TRENDS

AT
Health and Human Services has sponsored this supplement “Stop After Some Sleepy Years, Yo-yos Are Back Up

8M
Bullying Now!” This is the first of three issues you will receive this
year presenting bullying scenarios and showing you ways to cope LIKE INFLUENZA, 1THE YO-YO rage seems 2to break out,

79
with them. Share this comic book, and the two that follow, with inexplicably and virulently, every decade or so. 3The current craze

04
your family and friends. began in Australia in 1995 before leaping to Japan (where 45,000

01
Bullying behavior has probably been around for as long players competed in this year's nationals). U.S. teachers have been

10
as human beings have walked the earth. We hope to give kids confiscating them in record numbers since spring. In 4the latest

21
the tools they need to react appropriately to bullying situations. incarnation, the junk-drawer toy has evolved into a giddily intricate
Bullying should not be rewarded or tolerated. machine. Industry leader Duncan will soon add a "clutch" model

TO
to match Yomega's popular Brain, which yanks 'itself' up. Champs

EN
Sincerely yours, prefer the faster-spinning, longer "sleeping" transaxles. Got the bug
bad? Try 5the SB-2, fashioned from aircraft aluminum in cool co-

IM
Martha Pickerill lors. Cost: $100 a pop.
SC
Managing Editor, TIME For Kids Newsweek, November 18, 1998. p. 4.
NA

(Fonte: adaptado de http://www.edpubs.gov/document/ed005149p.pdf?ck=308; acesso GLOSSARY:

em 06.09.2011) Craze: modismo
DO

Rage: furor
24. A expressão “cope with” indica a ideia de:
O

26. The expression TO BREAK OUT (ref. 2) means

IN

a) cooperar com
ST

b) lidar com a) to begin.

LE

c) livrar-se de b) to change.
CE

d) atacar c) to collapse.
e) compartilhar d) to diminish.
S
EU

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: 27. Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sen-
AT

tence.
8M

Looking at today's dictionaries " ________ it rained hard; the plane took ________."
Change is not something that people tend to associate
79

with dictionaries. Changing these highly labor-intensive products is a) In spite of - on

04

not to be undertaken lightly. The heavy cost of dictionary produc- b) Unless - out of
1

tion, and the penalty to be paid for errors of judgement, have made c) If - out
00

it almost impossible for any radically new dictionary to 1come into d) Although - off
1

being. Of 2course our dictionaries of the present do look a little di- e) But - over
21

fferent from their predecessors, and do behave a little better (it is

TO

becoming rarer now to find dictionaries with 3hermetically sealed 28. Quais seriam sinônimos para os termos destacados na frase
EN

nuggets of information coded up to defy interpretation by all but "I've MADE UP MY MIND to GIVE UP smoking?":
the dogged few); they may even come to you on a CD-ROM rather
IM

than in book form, but underneath these superficial moderniza- a) resolved - continue
SC

tions lurks the same old dictionary. Some of the more innovative b) tried - start
NA

may introduce a few new types of information, but when it comes c) solved - stop
to setting out the meanings of words, giving them definitions or d) convinced - go on
DO

equivalents in another language, including examples, idioms, pro- e) decided - quit

nunciations, usage notes, cross reference and the 4score or so of
NO

other kinds of information, 5tradition rules supreme.

GABARITO
GABARITO
I

ATKINS, B.T.S.,Bilingual Dictionaries Past, Present and Future. 2002.

ST
LE

25. "come into being" (ref. 1) means to

APRENDIZAGEM
CE

1. D 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. A
US
TE

259
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
6. A 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. D

TI
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES
11. E 12. D 13. D 14. E 15. A

ES
16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C

L
CE
QUESTÃO - 21

S
EU
A. tornar-se realidade B. pegar no sono

AT
C. estar com vontade de

8M
D. estar por perto/circular/ ir de um lugar para
E. voltar
o outro

79
F. superar G. levantar H. desistir I. ir embora

04
J. continuar K. demitir L. tomar conta/ cuidar

01
10
M. procurar N. transferir/adiar O. fugir

21
P. invadir/ultrapassar/atropelar Q. deixar livre/liberar
“I find the easiest way to expand my vocabulary is to make up

TO
R. defender S. dominar/ assumir o comando words.”

EN
T. ligar.
1. (EEAR 2017) The phrasal verb “make up” in this cartoon can

IM
APROFUNDAMENTO be replaced by:
SC
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. D
NA

a) build up c) look up
6. A 7. A 8. E 9. E 10. D
b) go away d) go on
DO

11. E 12. B 13. E 14. E 15. D

16. A 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A

O
IN

21. A 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C

ST

26. A 27. D 28. E

LE
CE
S
EU
AT

2. (EEAR 2015) The expression “pick (...) out” (line 2) has the
8M

same meaning as
79

a) choose b) invent c) come d) enter

1 04
00
1
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA
DO
INO
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

260
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
25

TI
3. (EEAR 2012) The phrasal verb “tracked down”, in bold type in
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

ES
the article, is closest in meaning to

L
CE
a) arrested. c) localized.
b) attacked. d) patrolled. QUESTION TAGS AND TAG ANSWERS

S
EU
São, basicamente, pequenas perguntas feitas ao final de orações

AT
afirmativas ou negativas com o objetivo de confirmar, ratificar, o

8M
que foi dito anteriormente. Em inglês, a formação da Question Tag
depende da oração principal: se esta for afirmativa, a pergunta será

79
negativa, e vice-versa. Observe alguns exemplos:

04
01
You like English, don’t you?

10
Você gosta de inglês, não gosta?

21
She hasn’t studied hard, has she?

TO
Ela não tem estudando muito, tem?

EN
4. (EEAR 2012) “Put off”, (line 8), is similar in meaning to He'd better do this, hadn't he?

IM
É melhor ele fazer isto, não é?
SC
a) forget. b) cancel. c) expect. d) postpone.
NA

Nothing came in the post, did it?

NYC skyscrapers dim lights to help migratory birds Nada chegou na correspondência, chegou?
DO

A growing number of New York skyscrapers are switching off Michael read the newspaper, didn’t he?
O

their lights to help reduce the number of birds hitting the high- Michael leu o jornal, não leu?
IN

-rise buildings.
ST

The “lights out” project – organised by NYC Audubon – runs The ship sank far from the shore, didn’t she?
LE

from September 1st to November 1st, when migratory birds are O navio afundou longe o litoral, não foi?
CE

expected to have completed their autumn migrations.

An estimated 90,000 birds each year are killed in the city as a A estrutura a ser seguida é, portanto:
S

result of striking glass-fronted buildings. Organisers of the an- Auxiliary Verb [aff.|neg.*] + Pronoun
EU

nual initiative say the bright lights disorientate the migrating

AT

birds. The birds are reluctant to fly from a well-lit area to a dark Se a Question Tag for negativa, a contração do verbo auxiliar com
8M

one. Confused by artificial lights, they circle repeatedly within a partícula not é obrigatória.
the light field, colliding with the buildings.
79

NYC Audubon – a group that works to protect wild birds and

OBSERVAÇÕES
OBSERVAÇÕES
04

their habitats within the city – is calling on owners and tenants

1

in high-rise buildings to switch off lights on unoccupied floors

00

or unused space between midnight and dawn. Orações no imperativo sugestivo (iniciadas com Let’s) termi-
1

(by Mark Kinver Science , BBC News) nam geralmente com shall we:
21
TO

5. (EEAR 2010) “switch off”, (line 17), can be replaced by Let’s go out tonight, shall we?
EN

Vamos sair hoje à noite, vamos?

a) go off. b) put on. c turn on. d) turn off.
IM

Let’s make a party to celebrate our success, shall we?

SC

Vamos fazer uma festa para comemorar nosso sucesso, va-

NA

mos?
CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM
DO

WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM
Frases no imperativo em geral podem terminar com will you, mas
NO

would you também é aceito, embora não seja muito comum:

I
ST

Stop talking, will you?

LE

Pare de falar, ‘tá’ bom?

CE

Go to your bedroom, would you?

US
TE

261
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Vá para o seu quarto, pode ser?

TI
a) let us d) did we

ES
O verbo to be na 1ª pessoa do singular do presente quando usado b) do we e) don’t we
em sua forma afirmativa na oração principal pode apresentar duas c) shall we

L
CE
formas na Question Tag – am I not ou aren’t I:
5. I am a good doctor, __________?

S
I am a good doctor, am I not?

EU
Eu sou um bom médico, não sou? a) aren't I b) am I c) I am d) do I e) I do

AT
8M
I am a rich man, aren’t I? 6. They never go to school on Saturdays, __________?
Eu sou um homem rico, não sou?

79
a) did they d) do they

04
*** Embora a estrutura básica das Question Tags seja afirmativa/ b) don’t they e) they do

01
negativa ou negativa/afirmativa, às vezes é possível o uso de per- c) are they

10
guntas afirmativas para orações afirmativas e de negativas para
7. We can’t do without him, __________?

21
negativas. O uso de Same-Way Question Tags é feito para expres-
sar interesse, surpresa, raiva, e não para fazer perguntas de ver-

TO
dade. Contudo, as orações negativas que tenham Question Tags a) can us d) can’t he

EN
negativas podem soar hostis: b) can we e) can our
c) can ours

IM
So you are having a baby, are you? That's wonderful! SC
Então você vai ter um bebê, é? Isso é maravilhoso! 8. She’ll be waiting for us, __________?
NA

She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance! a) will she not c) won’t she
DO

Ela quer casar com ele, é? Tem chance! b) shall she d) shan’t she
O

You think that's funny, do you? Think again. 9. So your father is out, __________?
IN

Você acha isso engraçado, é? Pense novamente.

ST

a) is he d) so he is
LE

So you don't like my looks, don't you? b) are you e) isn’t he

CE

Então você não gosta de meu visual, não é? c) do you

S

10. James and Ann got married last year:

EU
AT

a) didn't he? d) didn't they?

QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM
8M

b) aren't they? e) did we

c) don't they?
79

1. Complete correctly:
04

11. Escolha a question tag correta para "I knew I would be a scientist":
1

Susan went to Africa last month, __________?

00

a) didn't I? d) don't I?
1

a) was she d) doesn’t she b) wasn't I? e) would I?

21

b) did she e) didn’t she c) won't I?

TO

c) does she
EN

12. Choose the correct question for the context: You are speaking
2. You have not been working hard for a long time, __________? to your daughter. You want to make sure that she turned off the
IM

stove. You ask her:

SC

a) haven’t you d) had you

NA

b) hadn’t you e) were you a) You turned off the stove, did you?
c) have you b) You do turn off the stove, didn’t you?
DO

c) You didn’t turn off the stove, did you?

3. Drive slowly, __________? d) You did turn off the stove, didn’t you?
NO

a) do you d) did you 13. Choose the option with the correct tag questions for the sen-
I
ST

b) will you e) drive you tences below.

LE

c) don’t you
CE

1. You weren’t listening, __________?

4. Let’s buy a little butter, __________? 2. She doesn't know him, __________?
US
TE

262
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
3. I'm a bit overweight, __________?

TI
4. Don't open your eyes, __________? a) isn't he c) isn't there

ES
b) hasn't he d) is he
a) weren't you / does she / aren't I / do you

L
CE
b) were you / doesn't she / aren't I / do you 3. (EN 2016) Which of the options completes the sentence correc-
c) were you / does she / aren't I / will you tly?

S
d) weren't you / does she / am I not / will you

EU
e) were you / doesn't she / am I not / do you Peter's got blue eyes, _____ ?

AT
8M
14. Em qual das alternativas abaixo a 'question tag' está errada? a) isn't he d) has Peter
b) does Peter e) hasn't he

79
a) Let’s go to a disco, shall we? c) doesn't he

04
b) Do the exercises, will you?

01
c) Mariah put the book on the armchair, doesn’t she? 4. (AFA 2009) Mark the option which contains the correct Question

10
d) Let me go with you, shall I? Tag of the following sentence.

21
e) The teacher came to help us, didn’t she?
"She has not yet demonstrated a link between increased brainwa-

TO
15. Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à sequência de Ques- ves and suicidal tendencies..."

EN
tion Tags adequados para completar as frases a seguir:
a) hasn't she? c) does she?

IM
1. He isn't at home, __________? b) has she?
SC d) doesn't she?
2. That will happen, __________?
NA

3. She hasn't a cue, __________? 5. (AFA 2016) Mark the option which shows the appropriate ques-
4. It rains a lot, __________? tion tag for the sentence “one unanticipated consequence has dri-
DO

ven me to distraction” (lines 24 and 25).

a) isn't he; won't it; has he; doesn't it
O

b) is it; will it; does she; has it a) Hasn’t driven it? c) Has it?
IN

c) isn't he; will it; has she; hasn't it b) Not has it? d) Hasn’t it?
ST

d) is he; won't it; has she; doesn't it

LE

e) isn't he; won't he; has she; does it 6. (AFA 2012) One extracted fragment has its correct Tag Question.
CE

Mark the item.

S

a) The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from

EU

QUESTÕES DE APROFUNDAMENTO infancy to old age, don’t they?

AT

b) Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years, has

8M

it?
1. Add a question-tag to these sentences: c) These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focu-
79

sed, aren’t they?

04

a) He is late this morning, _______________________? d) Nobody ever doubted the power of language, did they?
1

b) The hotel was quite good, ________________________?

00

c) She cooks well, _______________________? 7. (EFOMM2010) Choose the option with the correct tag questions
1

d) You can’t tell the difference, _________________________? for the sentences below.
21

e) They always sleep after lunch, __________________________?

TO

f) You’re coming with us, _______________________? 1) Come here _________________?

EN

g) Mary plays football, ________________________? 2) Let’s talk, _______________?

h) You didn’t have any lessons this morning, _____________________? 3) I’m late, ________________?
IM

i) Ann is on holiday, ______________________? 4) Don’t close your eyes, _______________?

SC

j) The students see it everyday, ________________________?

NA

k) You haven’t got a computer, ________________________? a) won’t you / won’t we / aren’t / do you
l) You don’t have to follow him, ________________________? b) won’t you / shall we / aren’t I / do you
DO

m) He has to fill a form, ________________________? c) will you /shall we / aren’t I / will you
n) He didn’t have to choose one, _______________________? d) will you / won’t we / am I not / will you
NO

o) He has your ticket, _______________________? e) will you / shan’t we / am 1 not / do you

I
ST

2. (Epcar 2017) Mark the option that shows the appropriate ques- 8.
LE

tion tag for the sentence. I - Let’s start the presentation, ___________?
CE

II - Nobody phoned, __________?

“He's right there in the back seat”, ______? (line 8) III - Don’t open your books, ______________?
US
TE

263
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
IV - There is a nice restaurant near here, ______________? d) have we

TI
e) haven't you

ES
a) won’t we/ did they/ do you/ is there
b) will we/ didn’t they/ don’t you/ isn’t there 15. He'll be back soon, __________?

L
CE
c) shall we/ did they/ do you/ isn’t there
d) shall we/ did they/ will you/ isn’t there a) will he

S
e) will we/ didn’t they/ will you/ is there b) doesn't he

EU
c) shall he

AT
9. (EN 2013) Which is the correct alternative to complete this sen- d) won't he

8M
tence? e) couldn't he

79
"There's been a rumor that Jane is seeing someone from the office, 16. Escolha a question tag correta para "I knew I would be a sci-

04
(1) ____ ?" entist":

01
10
a) is there d) hasn't there a) didn't I?

21
b) isn't there e) doesn't it b) wasn't I?
c) has there c) won't I?

TO
d) don't I?

EN
e) would I?
10. (EN 2011) Which of the alternatives below completes the sen-

IM
tence correctly? 17. Complete with the CORRECT alternative:
SC
Let's go to the mall, (1)? The sun shone the whole day, __________ it?
NA

a) will we d) don't we a) is
DO

b) won't we e) let we b) did

c) shall we c) doesn't
O

d) didn't
IN

11. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna: He e) isn't

ST

doesn't study here, __________ he?

LE

18. You can sing well, __________?

CE

a) doesn't
b) do a) didn’t you
S

c) did b) can’t you

EU

d) does c) don’t you

AT

e) don't d) doesn’t you

8M

e) couldn’t you
12. Assinale a alternativa correta:
79

Your name is Mary, __________? 19. Roy read the newspaper this morning before his fa-
04

ther,__________?
1

a) isn't you
00

b) isn't it a) didn’t he
1

c) aren't it b) doesn’t he
21

d) aren't you c) is he
TO

e) isn't he d) did he
EN

e) does he
13. Politics is a science, __________?
IM

20. Complete corretamente:

SC

a) weren't they The Titanic sank in 1912, __________?

NA

b) isn't it
c) wouldn't he a) didn’t she
DO

d) wasn't it b) didn’t it
e) won't they c) hadn’t it
NO

d) hadn’t she
14. He hasn't seen you lately, __________? e) doesn’t it
I
ST
LE

a) has he 21. Michiko and Yamashiro are not Japanese, __________?

CE

b) is it
c) have you
US
TE

264
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
a) are UK: Penguin, 2001.)

TI
b) aren't they

ES
c) aren't them a) would/neither would
d) are they b) wouldn’t/so would

L
CE
e) are they not c) had/nor had
d) hadn’t/so had

S
22. I am not as good at football as he is, __________? e) didn’t/neither did

EU
AT
a) aren’t I

8M
b) is he
c) no

79
d) am I

04
e) am

01
10
23. A alternativa que corretamente “ One never knows what to ex-

21
pect, __________?” é:

TO
a) isn’t it

EN
b) does it 28. In the sentence: “Dude, now my peanuts are on the floor… MEE-
c) one knows Yow!”

IM
d) knows one SC
e) do we “…MEE-You!” can be correctly replaced by
NA

24. The cheque of the customer had not been returned: a) , isn’t it?
DO

b) , are they?
a) hadn't it? c) , aren’t they?
O

b) does it? d) , aren’t the peanuts?

IN

c) hasn't it?
ST

d) did it? 29. Mark the option which contains the correct Question Tag of the
LE

e) had it? following sentence.

CE

25. We can’t do without him, __________? "She has not demonstrated a link between increased brainwaves
S

and suicidal tendencies yet..."

EU

a) can us
AT

b) can we a) hasn't she?

8M

c) can ours b) has she?

d) can’t he c) C.does she?
79

d) D.doesn't she?
04

26. Which option completes the sentence below correctly?

1

Like any technology, artificial intelligence has both positive aspects 30. Which option completes the sentence below correctly?
00

and more worrying aspects, ________? Spinach is very thin, so there's more loss of moisture and exposure
1

(Adapted from: https://cryptoid.com.br/international-news/artifi- to heat and oxygen compared to a carrot,_______ ?

21

cial-intelligence-and-the-energy-sector-huge-potential-tough- (Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)

TO

questions/)
EN

a) is there
a) haven’t they b) did it
IM

b) hasn’t it c) isn't there

SC

c) doesn't it d) didn't it
NA

d) don’t they e) does it

e) aren’t they
DO

31. James and Ann got married last year:

27. Which of the options completes the dialogue correctly?
NO

a) didn't he? d) didn't they?

The Linden Tree b) aren't they? e) did we
I
ST

Mrs Linden: (...) You’d like some tea,______you, Rex? Rex: A cup, cer- c) don't they?
LE

tainly.
CE

Jean: And______ Marion and I. 32. Read the following statements and choose the correct alterna-
(Priestley, J.B. “The Linden Tree". An inspector calls and other plays. tive.
US
TE

265
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
I - Let’s go for a walk, shall we?

TI
II - Don’t be late, do you?

ES
III - You haven’t got a ruler, have you?
IV - Margaret plays the piano, don’t she?

L
GABARITO
GABARITO

CE
a) I e III

S
b) II e IV

EU
APRENDIZAGEM
c) III e IV
1. E 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A

AT
d) I e II

8M
6. D 7. B 8. C 9. E 10. D

11. A 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. D

79
04
APROFUNDAMENTO

01
1.

10
21
a) isn't he
b) wasn't it

TO
c) doesn't she

EN
d) can you
e) don't they

IM
f) aren't you
SC
g) doesn't she
NA

h) did you
i) isn't she
DO

j) don't they
33. The correct QUESTION TAG to complete this sentence in the k) have you
O

text is: l) do you

IN

m) doesn't he
ST

a) isn’t she n) did he

LE

b) isn’t it o) doesn't he
CE

c) does it
2. A 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. D
d) doesn’t it
S

7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. D
EU

12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. A

AT

17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. D

8M

22. D 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C

79

27. B 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C

04

32. A 33. B 34. B

1
1 00
21
TO
EN
IM
SC
NA

34. In the first scene, the sentence “It’s a beautiful little tree, isn’t
DO

it?” is an example of ____________.

NO

a) passive voice
b) question tag
I
ST

c) phrasal verb
LE

d) past perfect
CE
US
TE

266
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
QUESTÕES COMPLEMENTARES

TI
CONFIRA A RESOLUÇÃO COMENTADA EM

ES
WWW.PROGRESSAOONLINE.COM

L
CE
1. (EEAR 2017) Look at the following statements and choose the
correct question tags:

S
26

EU
1. It snowed last night, _______________? CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO

AT
2. She shouldn’t be aggressive to people, _____________?

8M
3. You haven’t closed the door,_________________?
4. You are going to the party with us, ____________?

79
IRREGULAR VERBS LIST

04
a) doesn’t it – shouldn’t she – aren’t you – going you

01
b) didn’t it – should she – have you – aren’t you Todas as formas são idênticas

10
c) did it – should she – haven’t you – aren’t you

21
d) didn’t it – ought to – have you – will you  Nº  INFINI-  PASSA-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO
TIVO DO

TO
2. (EEAR 2016) Choose the alternative that completes the sen-  001  to bet  bet  bet  apostar

EN
tence correctly.
 002  to burst  burst  burst  estourar

IM
You wouldn’t believe him, __________?  003  to cast
SC  cast  cast  arremessar

 004  to cost  cost  cost  custar

NA

a) do you c) would you  005  to cut  cut  cut  cortar

b) don’t you d) wouldn’t you
DO

 006  to hit  hit  hit  golpear

3. (EN 2015) Which of the options completes the sentence cor-  007  to hurt  hurt  hurt  ferir, magoar
O

rectly? Mary has a brother,____________ ?  008  to let  let  let  deixar (per-
IN

mitir)
ST

a) does Mary. d) hasn't Mary. 009  to put  put  put  pôr, colocar
LE

b) doesn't she. e) does he.  010  to quit  quit  quit 

CE

c) has she. desitir,renunciar

 011  to set  set  set  pôr

S

4. (EPCAR 2015) Mark the option to complete the sentence

EU

 012  to shed shed  shed  derramar

with the correct tag question form. “They bring together the
AT

parents of victims, ________” (lines 37-38)  013  to shut  shut  shut  fechar
8M

 014  to split  split split  fender

a) do they? c) don't they?  015  to spread  spread  spre-  espalhar, di-
79

b) are they? d) aren’t they? ad fundir

04

 016  to wet  wet  wet  molhar

1

5. (EEAR 2015) Complete the statement taken from the text

00

 017  to read  read  read  ler

(lines 1-2) with the correct question tag:
1

Flight 9525, an A irbus A320, took off at 10:01 a.m on March 24 Apenas as formas do passado e particípio são idênticas:
21

from Barcelona, ______”?

TO

 Nº  INFINI-  PAS-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO

EN

a) won't it b) didnt it c) wasn't it d) doesn'it TIVO SADO

IM

 018  to bend  bent  bent  dobrar, curvar

6. (EN 2012) Which is the correct option to complete the sen-
SC

 019  to bind  bound bound  atar, amarrar

tence below?
 020  to bleed  bled bled  sangrar
NA

He's done a lot of work today, (1)____ ?  021  to bleed  brought  brou-  trazer
DO

ght

a) hasn't he? d) doesn't he?  022  to build  built built  construir

NO

b) does he? e) is he?  023  to burn  burnt burnt  queimar

c) isn't he?
I
ST

 024  to buy  bought  bought  comprar

LE

 025  to catch  caught  caught  pegar, apanhar

CE

 026  to creep crept  crept  rastejar, engati-

nhar
US
TE

267
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
 027  to deal  dealt  dealt  lidar, negociar As formas do passado e particípio têm vogal diferentes:

TI
 028  to dig  dug  dug  cavar  Nº  INFINI-  PAS-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO

ES
TIVO SADO
 029  to feed  fed  fed  alimentar

L
 070  to begin  began  begun  começar

CE
 030  to feel  felt  felt  sentir
 071  to drink  drank  drunk  beber
 031  to fight  fought  fought  lutar, combater

S
 072  to ring  rang  rung  soar, tocar (campai-

EU
 032  to find  found  found  encontrar, desco- nha)
brir

AT
 073  to sing  sang  sung  cantar
 033  to get  get  got  pegar, ganhar

8M
(gotten)  074  to sink  sank  sunk  afundar

 034  to grind  ground  ground  moer, triturar  075  to spring  sprang  sprung  saltar

79
04
 035  to hang  hung  hung  pendurar  076  to swim  swam  swum  nadir

01
 036  to have  had  had  ter, possuir,

10
 037  to hear  heard  heard  ouvir As formas no particípio são idênticas às do infinitivo, so-
frendo apenas o acréscimo de -N ou -EN:

21
 038  to hold  held  held  segurar, manter
 Nº  INFINI-  PASSA-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO

TO
 039  to keep  kept  kept  guardar
TIVO DO

EN
 040  to lay  laid  laid  pôr
 077  to beat  beat  beaten  bater, vencer
 041  to lead  ed  led  conduzir, liderar

IM
  to blow  blew  blown  soprar, ventar
 042 078
 to leave  left  left  partir, abandonar
SC
 043  to lend  lent  lent  emprestar a  079  to draw  drew  drawn  desenhar
NA

 044  to lose  lost  lost  perder   to eat  ate  eaten  comer

080
DO

 045  to make  made  made  fazer

 081  to fall  fell  fallen  cair
O

 046  to mean  meant  meant  significar

  to forbid  forbade  forbidden  proibir
IN

 047  to meet  met  met  encontrar, reunir- 082

ST

-se
  to forgive  forgave  forgiven  perdoar
LE

 048  to pay  paid  paid  pagar 083

CE

 049  to say  said  said  dizer   to give  gave  given  dar

084
 050  to seek  sought  sought  procurar, tentar
S

  to grow  grown  grown  crescer

EU

 051  to send  sent  sent  mandar, enviar 085

AT

 052  to sell  sold  sold  vender   to know  knew  known  saber, conhecer
086
 053
8M

 to shine  shone  shone  brilhar

  to see  saw  seen  ver
 054  to shoot  shot  shot  atirar (dar tiros) 087
79

 055  to sit  sat  sat  sentar-se   to shake  shook  shaken  sacudir, balançar
04

 056  to sleep  slept  slept  dormir 088

1
00

 057  to spend  spent  spent  gastar,   to take  took  taken  pegar, tomar
089
1

passar(férias)
21

 058  to spin  spun  spun  girar, rodar   to throw  threw  thrown  arremessar, lançar
090
TO

 059  to stand  stood  stood  ficar, suportar

EN

 060  to sting  stung  stung  picar As formas do p.p. são construídas unindo-se -N, -EN, ou
-NE ao infinitivo, sofrendo uma alteração na forma so-
IM

 061  to strike  struck  struck  bater, golpear

nora.
SC

 062  to sweep  swept  swept  varrer

NA

 063  to teach  taught  taught  ensinar  Nº  INFINI-  PASSA-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO

 064  to tell  told  told  contar, relatar TIVO DO
DO

 065  to think  thought  thou-  pensar  091  to drive  drove  driven  dirigir, guiar
ght
NO

 092  to do  did  done  fazer

 066  to understand  understood  un-  entender  093  to go  went  gone  ir
I

derstood
ST

 094  to hide  hid  hidden  esconder

 067  to weep  wept  wept  chorar, lamentar
LE

 095  to ride  rode  ridden  cavalgar

 068  to win  won  wen  ganhar, vencer
CE

 096  to rise  rose  risen  levantar-se, erguerse

 069  to wind  wound  wound  dar corda
US
TE

268
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
 097  to write  wrote  written  escrever  119  to burn  burned /burnt  burned /burnt  quei-

TI
mar

ES
 120  to dream  dreamed /dreamt  dreamed /dreamt  so-
As formas do particípio são construídas pelo acréscimo nhar

L
CE
de -N, -EN, ou -NE às formas do passado:  121  to lean  leaned /leant  leaned/leant 
apoiar-

S
-se

EU
 Nº  INFINI-  PAS-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO
 122  to learn  learned /learnt  learned / learnt 
TIVO SADO

AT
apren-
 098  to bear  bore  borne  suportar, agüen- der

8M
tar
 123  to smell  smelled / smelt  smelled /smelt  chei-
 099  to bear  bore  born  dar à luz, gerar rar

79
 124  to spoil  spoiled /spoilt  spoiled /spoilt  estra-

04
 100  to bite  bit  bit  morder
gar

01
 101  to break  broke  broken  quebrar
 125  to sweat  sweated /sweat  sweated /sweat  suar

10
 102  to cheese  chose  chosen  escolher

21
 103  to forget  forgot  forgotten  esquecer
As formas são todas diferentes:

TO
 104  to freeze  froze  frozen  congelar

EN
 105  to lie  lay  lain  jazer, deitar
 Nº  INFINI-  PASSA-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO
 106  to speak  spoke  spoken  falar TIVO DO

IM
 119  to fly  flew  flown  voar, pilotar (aviões)
 107  to steal  stole  stolen  furtar
SC
 108  to swear  swore  sworn  jurar
NA

 109  to tear  tore  Torn  rasgar

DO

27
 110  to wear  wore  worn  vestir
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
O

 111  to weave  wove  woven  tecer

IN
ST

As formas de particípio são idênticas às do infinitivo, ha-

LE

vendo alteração na forma do passado: TABELA DE PHRASAL VERBS

CE

 INFINI-  PAS-  TRADU- Embora o número de phrasal verbs seja praticamente ilimitado,
S

 Nº  P.P. apresentamos nesta seção uma lista detalhada dos phrasal verbs
TIVO SADO ÇÃO
EU

mais comuns da língua inglesa para lhe auxiliar na compreensão

 112  to became  became  become  tornar-se
AT

de cada um deles. Na primeira coluna, apresentamos o verbo em

 113  to come  came  come  vir
8M

inglês. O sinal <-> entre duas palavras significa que estas palavras
 114  to run  ran  run  correr são intercambiáveis entre si. Sth é a abreviação utilizada para
79

something (algo) e sb é a abreviação para somebody (alguém).

04

As formas do passado e particípio são construídas com Na segunda coluna, o significado em português. Na terceira, in-
1

-ED mas o particípio ainda pode ter outra forma: dicamos se o phrasal verb é separável ou inseparável, isto é, se é
00

 Nº  INFINI-  PAS-  P.P.  TRADU- possível colocar o objeto entre o verbo e a partícula (partícula =
1

TIVO SADO ÇÃO pronome ou advérbio) ou não. Na quarta coluna apresentamos ex-
21

emplo de uso no inglês.

 115  to saw  sawed  Sawed/Sawn  Serrar
TO

 116  to sew  sewed  Sewed/sewn  Coser

EN

VERBO SIGNIFICADO TIPO EXEMPLO

 117  to sow  sowed  Sowed/sown  semear
IM

The babysitter
Comportar-se
had a difficult
SC

mal, não fun-

Apenas as formas do passado são construídas com -ED: Act up Inseparável time, the chil-
cionar como
dren acted up all
NA

deveria
 Nº  INFINI-  PASSA-  P.P.  TRADUÇÃO evening.
TIVO DO
Add up all the
DO

Somar, cal-
 118  to show  showed  shown  mostrar Add sth<->up Separável money I owe
cular
you.
NO

Fazer a mesma I asked around

Duas formas são possíveis para o passado e particípio, Ask around pergunta a Inseparável but nobody has
I
ST

várias pessoas seen my purse.

sendo uma delas regular:
LE

Convidar
 Nº  INFINI-  PASSADO  P.P.  TRA- He asked her out
Ask sb out alguém para Separável
CE

TIVO DUÇÃO last night.

sair
US
TE

269
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Explodir She cheered

TI
(bomba, Cheer up Animar-se Inseparável up when he got
home.

ES
etc.); estourar There was a
(tempestade, huge bang as the
Blow up Inseparável Alegrar, ani- I brought you

L
escândalo, fuel tank blew Cheer sb/
mar alguém ou Separável some flowers to

CE
crise, guerra, up. sth<->up
etc.); perder a algo cheer you up.
paciência

S
If everyone chips
Contribuir com

EU
Demolir algo; in we'll be able
They threate- Chip in dinheiro, "fazer Inseparável
Blow sth<- encher (balão, to buy her a nice
uma vaquinha"

AT
Separável ned to blow the present.
->up pneu, etc.);
building up.
ampliar (foto)

8M
Who's going to
Clean sth<- Organizar,
Our car broke Separável clean up this
Quebrar, parar ->up limpar
mess?

79
Break down Inseparável down on the
de funcionar
road.
Encontrar por Mary came

04
Come across
Separar-se, acaso alguém Inseparável across some old
sb/sth

01
terminar um ou algo friends in a pub.
They broke up
Break up relacionamen- Inseparável

10
four years ago. Separar-se,
to, uma parce- The top and the
desfazer-se

21
ria, etc. bottom come
Come apart em pedaços, Inseparável
apart if you pull
quebrar, des-

TO
She brought six hard enough.
Bring sb<->up Criar alguém Separável moronar
children up.

EN
Ligar no- I think I'm co-
Call back Come down
vamente; She said she'd Ficar doente Inseparável ming down with

IM
Separável with sth
Call sb<- retornar uma call you back. flu.
->back
SC
ligação
That mark on
Sair, desapa-
He called the Come off Inseparável your dress won't
NA

recer
game off becau- come off.
Call sth<->off Cancelar Separável
se of the bad
DO

Paul's book is
weather.
Come out Publicar Inseparável coming out next
Call me up week.
O

Call sb<->up Telefonar Separável tomorrow mor-

IN

Come over/ Dar uma pas- Jill came over

ning.
around/ sada em algum Inseparável last night and
ST

Não gostar round (to) lugar stayed for hours.

not care for I don't care for
LE

de alguém ou Inseparável
sb/sth his friends. Contar com
algo (formal) Count on sb/ I'm counting on
algo ou al- Inseparável
CE

sth you to help me.

Carry on with guém
sth/
S

Please cross out

EU

Carry on with Cross sth<- Riscar uma your old address

Carry sth<- Continuar a Separável
Separável your work while ->out palavra and write your
->on fazer algo
AT

I'm away. new one.

Cut back on
8M

Catch up Reduzir, dimi- My doctor wants

with sb/ sth
nuir, consumir Separável me to cut back
Cut sth<-
79

Alcançar menos on sweets.

I'll catch up with ->back
Catch sb<-
04

alguém ou
Separável you. / I'll catch
->up algo que está Reduzir, dimi- The doctor told
you up. Cut down on
1

à frente nuir, consumir Inseparável him to cut down

00

sth
menos on his smoking.
Registrar-se
1

We will get the

Check in em um hotel, They cut down
21

Inseparável hotel keys when Cut sth<-> Cortar, derru-

(at...) aeroporto, etc Separável a tree in front of
we check in. down bar algo
na chegada my house.
TO

I watched the They kept cut-

EN

Cut in on sb/
car leave and Interromper Inseparável ting in on our
Check sth<- Entregar algo sth
Separável then went to conversation.
IM

->in (bagagem)
check in my
suitcases. The air conditio-
SC

Começar a ner cuts in when

Cut in Inseparável
Guests should funcionar the temperature
NA

Deixar um
Check out check out of gets to 20º C.
hotel, um Inseparável
(of...) their rooms by
hospital
DO

noon. He cut his son

Deserdar; off.
We'll have to Cut sb<->off cortar (linha Separarável We were cut off in
NO

Check sb/ check him out telefônica) the middle of our

Investigar Separável
sth<->out before we em- conversation.
I

ploy him.
ST

The doctors
Check out the
LE

Check out cut his leg off

Olhar Inseparável crazy hair on Cut sth<->off Remover Separável
sb/sth because it was
CE

that girl! severely injured.

US
TE

270
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
The phone com- Ir parar em
Parar de for-

TI
pany cut our lugar ou si-
necer; cortar
Cut sth<->off Separável phone off be- tuação na If you go on like

ES
(telefone, luz,
cause we didn't End up (in ...) qual você não Inseparável this you’ll end up
água, etc.)

L
pay the bill. esperava ou in prison.

CE
tinha a inten-
Desfazer-se It's time to do ção de estar
Do away
de algo, abolir Inseparável away all of these

S
with sth
algo old boxes. She had to face

EU
up to the fact
They were done Face up to sb enfrentar
Atacar e bater Inseparável that she would

AT
Do sb<->over Separável over by a gang / sth alguém/algo
em alguém never walk
of thugs. again.

8M
My teacher I'm going to
Fazer nova-
Do sth<- wants me to do

79
mente; con- buy another car
->over Separável my homework Fall apart Despedaçar-se Inseparável because my old
sertar, renovar,

04
(NAmE) over because it one is falling
reformar
is not correct. apart.

01
Entrar em um His apartment Their marriage

10
Do sth<- Acabar um re-
local e roubar Separável was done over finally fell apart.
->over (BrE) lacionamento,

21
coisas de lá last week. / The deal fell
Fall apart um negócio, Inseparável
apart when we
Abotoar, fe- uma parceria,

TO
failed to agree
char (roupas); Do your coat up etc
on a price.
embrulhar before you go

EN
Do sth<->up Separável
algo (paco- outside. It's too Ficar para trás, She soon fell
te); reformar cold there. Fall behind
ficar atrás (de Inseparável behind the

IM
(casa) (sb/sth)
SC alguém/algo) leaders.
It's a fancy and Não ser com-
Usar roupas And that's where
expensive party
NA

Dress up melhores, mais Inseparável provado ou

so you have to Fall down Inseparável the theory falls
formais bom o sufi-
dress up. down.
ciente
DO

Ir para uma They fell for

She dropped Apaixonar-se
Drop back / posição atrás Fall for sb Inseparável each other
O

Inseparável back to fourth por alguém

behind de alguém, instantly.
place.
IN

ficar para trás

ST

Cair, perder
Visitar alguém My aunt dropped His hair is falling
Fall out (cabelo, den- Inseparável
Drop by/ in / informalmen- in while we were out.
LE

Inseparável te)
over / round te, aparecer having dinner
CE

semm avisar yesterday. I'm afraid he

might fall over
I'll drop in on you Fall over Cair Inseparável
again and hurt
S

Visitar alguém
Drop in on sb Inseparável when I'm close himself.
EU

informalmente
to your house.
I rushed for the
AT

Visitar algum Tropeçar em

We dropped into Fall over sb/ door and fell
lugar informal- algo ou al- Inseparável
Drop into sth Inseparável a pub on the sth over the cat in
8M

mente sem ter guém

way. the hallway.
combinado
Descobrir,
79

Will you drop the Figure sth/ I could figure her

entender algo Separável
sb<->out out.
04

kids off on your ou alguém

way into town? /
1

Deixar algo
Drop sb/sth<- We dropped off Please fill the
00

ou alguém em Separável Preencher

->off our bags at the Fill sth<->in form in with
algum lugar algo (formulá- Separável
1

hotel and then (BrE) your name and

rio, etc.)
21

went to explore address.

the city.
TO

Preencher The form must

Fill sth<->out
Desistir da es- I dropped out of algo (formulá- Separável be filled out in
Drop out (of (NAmE)
cola, da facul- Inseparável Law because I rio, etc.) capital letters.
EN

sth)
dade, etc. didn't like it.
My father always
IM

A word that has Fill up/ Fill fill the water jug
Drop out (of Não fazer mais Encher Separável
SC

Inseparável dropped out of sth<->up up when it is

sth) parte de algo
the language. empty.
NA

Fazer uma Do you feel like The police are

Eat out refeição em Inseparável eating out to- still trying to find
DO

um restaurante night? out who is res-

Descobrir;
ponsible for the
Eat up/Eat Come on. Eat up Find out informar-se de Inseparável
crime. / Can you
NO

Comer tudo Separável algo, averiguar

sth<->up all your meal. find out what
time the mee-
I

End up (as I ended up doing

ST

Acabar sendo/ ting starts?

sth, doing Inseparável all the work
fazendo algo
sth) [+ -ing] myself.
LE

I need about an
Finish sth<- Terminar de
Separável hour to finish off
->off fazer algo
CE

this report.
US
TE

271
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
They finished Sair (do traba-
Could I get off

TI
up the show lho com per-
Acabar com with one of their work early to-

ES
missão); des-
algo (comida, most famous morrow? / The
Get off cer (do carro, Inseparável
bus stopped and

L
bebida); termi- songs. / If you do ônibus, do
Finish up Inseparável three people got

CE
nar algo; aca- are not careful, trem, da bici-
bar em alguma you could finish off it.
cleta)
situação (BrE) up seriously ill. /

S
He could finish Usado para

EU
up dead. falar ou per-
guntar como How are you get-

AT
Terminar um She finished with alguém está ting on at work?
Finish with sb relacionamen- Inseparável her boyfriend progredindo

8M
to com alguém last week. Get on with He's getting on
ou se saindo Inseparável
sth very well at school.
em alguma

79
The police are situação espe- Be quiet and get on
following up cífica; continu- with your work.

04
several leads ar, prosseguir
Investigar, after their TV

01
fazendo algo
Follow sth<- acompanhar / appeal for infor-
Separável

10
->up complementar mation. / You The bus stopped
algo should follow up to let more

21
your phone call Entrar em algo
Get on / Get people get on.
with an email or (carro, ônibus, Inseparável
onto / He got on his

TO
a letter. trem, etc.)
motorbike and
rode away.

EN
Querer dizer, What are you
Get at Inseparável
insinuar getting at? Get out of my

IM
Sair de algum house now! / I
He is always Get out (of
Get at sb Criticar Inseparável
SC lugar; livrar-se Inseparável wish I could get
getting at me. sth)
de algo out of this mee-
ting! I'm so busy.
NA

I tried to get
Comunicar- my ideas across Superar (pro- She can't get
Get sth<- Get over sth Inseparável
-se, fazer-se Separável to her but she blemas) over her shyness.
DO

->across
entender didn't listen to
me. Recuperar-
O

-se de uma
My wife and
IN

doença, perda,
Get along/on Dar-se bem my mother get Get over sth/ Finally he has
Inseparável dificuldade, Inseparável
ST

(with sb) com alguém along/on very sb got the divorce.

término de
well. relacionamen-
LE

to, etc
They know how
Get around/
CE

Persuadir Inseparável to get around/ I'm trying to get

round sb
round their boss. Get through Fazer contato through but her
Inseparável
S

(to sb) por telefone line is always

I hope to get
EU

Encontrar busy.
Get around/ around/round
tempo para Inseparável
round to sth to calling you
AT

fazer algo Encontrar-se

tomorrow. Manager is going
com alguém
Get together to get together
8M

por motivos Inseparável

We are getting (with sb) with his em-
sociais ou para
Get away Sair de férias Inseparável away for a few ployees.
discutir algo
79

days next week.

Levantar-
04

I won't be able
-se da cama,
Get away Sair de algum to get away from Get up / Get I usually get up
1

Inseparável acordar-se Inseparável

(from...) lugar the office befo- sb up at 6.30.
00

ou acordar
re 6.
alguém
1
21

A prisoner got
Escapar de The class got up
Get away away from the
alguém ou de Inseparável Get up Levantar-se Inseparável when the tea-
TO

(from sb/...) jail this after-

algum lugar cher came in.
noon.
EN

Vestir-se ou
What time did She was got up
Get yourself/ vestir alguém
Get back Voltar, retornar Inseparável you get back last Inseparável as Japanese
IM

sb up as sth como outra

night? woman.
pessoa
SC

Get sth<- Receber algo She has got her

Separável We are getting
NA

->back de volta old job back.

Get sth<->up Organizar Separável up a party for
She got back at her birthday.
Get back
DO

Vingar-se Inseparável him because he

at sb Chegar a um I got up to the
lied to her.
Get up to sth ponto espe- Inseparável page 84 of the
NO

Could we get cífico book.

Get back to Retornar a back to the
Inseparável My father gave
I

sth
ST

algo question of Levar a noiva

Give sb away Separável me away at my
animals? ao altar
wedding.
LE

He got in the
Entrar (veículo,
CE

Get in Inseparável truck and drove

casa, etc.)
off.
US
TE

272
MA
 N
ME
SCI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
Revelar algo Ser válido para
My little sister What I said

TI
secreto ou alguém/algo;
Give sb/sth<- gave the surprise about Jane goes
achar atra-

ES
alguma infor- Separável Go for sb/sth Inseparável for you, too. / I
> away party away by ente, gostar
mação secreta don't really go
accident.

L
sobre alguém de alguém ou
for modern art.

CE
algo
The library was
Give sth<- Dar algo como giving away old Entrar em Let's go in, it's

S
Separável Go in Inseparável
->away presente books on Satur- algum lugar getting cold.

EU
day.
Disparar The bomb went

AT
Give sth<- Could you give (arma); explo- off in a crowded
Devolver algo dir (bomba); street. / Every-
->back (to Separável me my pen

8M
ao proprietário Go off disparar (alar- Inseparável body had to le-
sb) back?
me); apagar-se ave the building
My boyfriend

79
(luz, eletrici- when the fire
Concordar em didn't want to go dade) alarm went off.
Give in (to

04
fazer algo que Inseparável to the movies,
sb/sth) Put the food
você não quer but he finally

01
gave in. Estragar (ali- in the fridge,
Go off Inseparável
mentos) otherwise it will

10
Her patience go off.
Give out Chegar ao fim Inseparável

21
finally gave out.
Acontecer, What was going
They were giving

TO
suceder, con- on there? / They
out free perfume tinuar (uma can't go on like
Give sth<- Go on Inseparável
Distribuir algo Separável samples at the

EN
->out situação, a this - they seem
department vida, o tempo, to be always
store. etc) arguing.

IM
She doesn't give
SC Sair para ir
Give up Desistir Inseparável We are going
up easily. a uma festa,
out for dinner
NA

restauran-
She didn't give tonight. / There
Parar com Go out te, eventos Inseparável
up work when was a power cut
alguma ativi- sociais, etc.;
DO

she had the and the lights

Give sth<->up dade, largar Separável apagar-se
baby. / You went out.
um vício, um (luzes, fogo)
should give up
O

hábito, etc.
smoking. Damon has been
IN

Go out with Namorar, sair going out with

He went after Inseparável
ST

sb/together com alguém Karen for seven

Go after sb Seguir Inseparável her after she left months.
LE

the room.
Examinar,
Go over your
CE

Tentar alcan- We are both checar, revisar

Go after sb/ Go over sth Inseparável essay before you
çar algo ou Inseparável going after the algo cuidado-
sth hand it in.
alguém same job. samente
S
EU

He always goes Atravessar,

Resistir, opor- Our company
Go against against his pa- passar por
-se a algo ou Inseparável
AT

sb/sth rents' way of Go through has gone throu-

alguém alguma situa- Inseparável
thinking. sth gh a financial
ção, experiên-
8M

crisis.
cia, etc.
Ir na frente de
I'll go ahead and
outras pessoas
79

Go ahead Inseparável tell them you are Go together/ Does this jacket
e chegar antes Combinar Inseparável
on the way. with sth go with blouse?
04

delas
How long can a
1

Please go ahead Go without Passar sem

Inseparável human being go
00

Go ahead Começar a and eat before sth algo

Inseparável without sleep?
(with sth) fazer algo the food gets
1
21

cold. Deixar de ter

My best friend
uma relação
Go away and and I grew apart
TO

Grow apart próxima com Inseparável

think about it, after we entered
alguém por um
Partir, ir embo- then let me at college.
EN

Go away Inseparável certo período

ra; ir viajar know. / I'm
going away on My daysies grew
IM

business. Crescer nova-

Grow back Inseparável back this sum-
mente
SC

mer.
She doesn't want
to go back to
NA

Go back (to Retornar a Crescer (pes-

Inseparável her husband (= They grew up
...) algum lugar soa), parar de
to live with him in Ohio. / Why
ter um com-
DO

again). don't you grow

Grow up portamento Inseparável
up? / A closeness
infantil, de-
Voltar a falar grew up betwe-
NO

Can I go back to senvolver algo

sobre algo que en the two girls.
Go back to what you said at gradualmente
aconteceu ou Inseparável
sth
I

the beginning of
ST

foi dito ante- Hand sth<- I handed the

the meeting? Devolver Separável
riormente. ->back book back to her.
LE
CE
US
TE

273
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Dar ou deixar I handed my old Join in (sth/
Hand sth<-

TI
algo para comick books doing sth) She listens but
->down (to Separável Tomar parte,
Inseparável she never joins

ES
alguém que é down to my little Join in (with participar
sb) in.
mais novo cousin. sb/sth)

L
CE
You must all I can't keep on
hand your as- Keep on Continuar Inseparável doing the same
Hand sth<->in Dar, entregar
Separável signments in by thing every day.

S
(to sb) algo a alguém
the end of next

EU
week. We kept our
Keep sth Não falar algo relation from our

AT
Distribuir algo Could you hand Separável
Hand sth<- from sb para alguém parents for one
para um grupo Separável these books out, year.

8M
->out
de pessoas please?
Manter-se
Hang in there.

79
Keep up no mesmo If you keep those
Persistir, ser I'm sure you'll (with sb/sth) nível; manter results up you
Hang in Inseparável

04
positivo find an apart- Separável
Keep sth<- o padrão de will get into a
ment very soon. algo, continuar great college.

01
->up
a fazer algo
Esperar por

10
pouco tempo, Hang on a mi- Can you check

21
parar algo que nute. I'll be right Não incluir ou the guest list for
Hang on Inseparável
se está fazen- back. / Hang on mencionar me? I don't want

TO
do, segurar tight! Leave sb/sth algo ou al- to leave anyone
Separável
firmemente out guém, deixar out.

EN
algo ou al-
Their children guém de fora She left out the 'm'
Passar bastan- in his name.
hang out at the

IM
te tempo em
mall. / I don't
Hang out algum lugar ou Inseparável Let sb<-
SC Decepcionar He won't let you
really know who Separável
com algumas ->down alguém down.
she hangs out
pessoas
NA

with him.
Iniciar a sessão You need a pas-
Log in/on Inseparável
I said goodbye (informática) sword to log on.
DO

Desligar o
Hang up Inseparável and hung up the
telefone Don't forget to
phone.
Encerrar a log off when
O

She didn't have Log off/out sessão (infor- Inseparável you've finished
IN

any lipstick on, mática) using the com-

Have sth on puter.
ST

which was unu-

/ have got Vestir, usar Separável
sual. / I had on a
sth on Can you look
LE

pair of jeans and

after my baby
a T-shirt.
Cuidar de si while I go to the
CE

Look after
The police were mesmo, de corner store?
Hold sb/sth<- Conter algo ou yourself/sb/ Inseparável
Separável unable to hold alguém ou de / Don't worry
sth
S

->back alguém algo about me - I

back the crowd.
EU

can look after

Esconder algo myself.
AT

He held his
Hold sth<- de alguém,
Separável tears back at his She looks down
->back esconder um
8M

father's funeral. Look down Desprezar algo on people who

sentimento Inseparável
on sb/sth ou alguém haven't been to
college.
79

Aguardar por Hold on a minu-

pouco tempo, te. I'll be right
04

back. Estar ansioso I'm looking

Hold on parar algo Inseparável
Look forward por algo que forward to the
que se está Inseparável
1

Hold on! This isn't to sth está para next costume

00

fazendo the right street. acontecer party.

1

Hold onto your

21

The police
Hold onto sb/ Segurar firme- hat because it's Examinar,
Inseparável Look into sth Inseparável looked into the
sth mente too windy out- investigar
disturbance.
TO

side.
Ter cuidado
EN

An accident Look out for Look out! There's

Atrasar, blo- com alguém Inseparável
is holding up sb/sth a car coming.
ou algo
IM

quear alguém traffic.

Hold sb/sth<- ou algo; usar
Separável We looked the
SC

->up alguém ou She's always

holding up her house over once
algo como Look sth<-
Checar algo Separável again before
NA

exemplo children as models ->over

of good behavior we decided we
would rent it.
DO

A man in a black
Assaltar um I looked the
coat held up the Procurar algo
Hold up sth banco, uma Inseparável Look sth<- word up in the
bank this mor-
NO

loja, etc. (num dicioná- Separável

ning. ->up dictionary but I
rio, livro, etc.)
couldn't find it.
I

Hurry up Hurry up with the

ST

Apressar-se Inseparável My husband has

(with sth) pen. I need it. Admirar, res-
Look up to sb Inseparável always looked up
LE

peitar alguém
to me.
CE
US
TE

274
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
She looked Point out (to Apontar, cha-
Examinar, ler He pointed out

TI
Look through through her sb) / Point mar atenção
algo rapida- Inseparável Separável the dangers of

ES
sth notes before the sth<->out (to de algo para
mente driving at night.
exam. sb) alguém

L
CE
She went to the To her surprise,
Make up / Maquilar-
bathroom to she found that
Make your- -se, maquilar Separável
make her face Put sth<- all the dishes

S
self/sb<->up alguém Guardar algo Separável
up. ->away had been wa-

EU
shed and put
Criar (música, away.

AT
história, etc.); Richard was
Make sth<- inventar (his- late for class so The students put

8M
Separável
->up tória, descul- he made up an the substitute
Humilhar,
pa); mentir excuse. Put sb<- teacher down
depreciar Separável

79
algo ->down because his
alguém
pants were too

04
Why don't you short.
Make up
Fazer as pazes Inseparável make up with

01
(with sb)
me? Largar, soltar You can put the
Put sth<-
algo, colocar Separável fruits down on

10
Will you stop ->down
algo no chão the table.

21
messing around
Mess around Vadiar, ficar à and get on with Adiar/Cancelar
It's too late to

TO
Mess about toa, ficar sem Inseparável some work? / We um encontro
put them off
(BrE) fazer nada spent the day com alguém;
now. / Don't put

EN
messing around perturbar,
me off when I'm
on the river. distrair, des-
trying to con-

IM
Put sb<->off concentrar Separável
I think you must centrate. / Don't
alguém; fazer
tell Lisa how
SC
Confundir algo be mixing up alguém perder
Mix sb/sth up Inseparável hard the course
ou alguém with someone a vontade (de
is - you'll put
NA

else. algo/de fazer

her off!
algo)
Move in/ Mudar-se para Our neighbors
DO

Move into nova casa ou Inseparável moved in yes- He keeps putting

sth apartamento terday. Put sth<->off Adiar Separável off going to the
O

dentist.
Don't be afraid
IN

Own up (to Admitir, con-

Inseparável to own up yor Put your coat on!
sth) fessar Vestir, colocar
ST

mistakes. / He must have

Put sth<->on algo; ganhar Separável
put on several
peso
LE

We arrived just
kilos.
Pack up/ as the musicians
Guardar suas
CE

Pack sth<- Separável were packing Causar incon-

coisas
->up up their instru- veniência, We hope our ar-
ments.
S

Put sb<->out aborrecer, Separável riving late didn't

EU

ofender al- put her out.

My grandfather
guém
Pass away Falecer Inseparável passed away last
AT

year. Tirar algo, Put the garbage

Put sth<->out Separável
colocar fora out, please.
8M

It was so hot in
the church that Apagar (vela,
Pass out Desmaiar Inseparável Firemen soon
79

an elderly lady Put sth<->out cigarro, fogo, Separável

passed out. put the fire out.
etc.)
04

I pased the job Preparar, mon- I have to put the

1

Recusar (ge-
up because I Put sth<-
00

Pass sth<->up ralmente algo Separável tar algo (refei- crib together
don't like chan- Separável
muito bom) ->together ção, trabalho, before the baby
1

ges. aparelho, etc.) arrives.

21

Devolver o Tolerar, aguen- I don't know how

I'll pay you back Put up with
TO

Pay sb back dinheiro em- Separável tar algo ou Inseparável she puts up with
next week. sb/sth
prestado alguém him.
EN

She was picked I ran across my

out from dozens Encontrar algo
IM

Run across best friend from

of applicants for ou alguém por Inseparável
Pick sb/sth<- Escolher algo sb/sth school in the
acaso
SC

Separável the job. / I pi- street.

->out ou alguém
cked three skirts
NA

out for you to Deixar alguém

try on. ou algum lugar He ran away
Run away inesperada- from home
DO

Pegar, apa- Inseparável

I'll pick you up from sb/sth mente, fugir without saying
Pick sb/sth<- nhar, buscar de algo ou anything.
Separável at the airport at
->up alguém (com
NO

five. alguém
carro)
The bus went out
I

Topar, bater,
ST

Point sb/ Apontar para I'll point him out Run into sb/ of control and
sth<->out (to algo ou al- Separável to you next time atropelar algo Inseparável
sth ran into a line of
ou alguém
LE

sb) guém he comes in. people.

CE
US
TE

275
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Bater (veículo) He ran his car He sat down on
Run sth into Sit down Sentar Inseparável

TI
em algo ou Separável into a tree last the bed.
sb/sth
alguém Saturday.

ES
Dormir uma Can I sleep over
Vencer, ex- Time is running Sleep over noite na casa Inseparável at my friend's

L
Run out pirar, acabar, Inseparável out for the tra- de alguém house?

CE
esgotar-se pped miners.
We have sorted
Organizar,

S
We ran out of Sort sth<- out our problems
resolver um Separável

EU
Run out (of Terminar, shampoo, so I ->out and everything is
Inseparável problema
sth) acabar had to wash my fine now.

AT
hair with soap.
Speak up! I can't

8M
Two children Speak up Falar mais alto Inseparável hear a word you
Run sb/sth<- Atropelar algo were ran over in are saying!
Separável
->over ou alguém this street yes-

79
terday. The police orde-
Afastar-se,
Stand back Inseparável red the crowd to

04
recuar
She ran over stand back.

01
her text before
Run over sth Revisar Inseparável I stayed up late
handing it to her Stay up Ficar acordado Inseparável

10
teacher. yesterday.

21
The tickets She finds it's
Continuar a
Esgotar-se sold out within Stick to sth Inseparável impossible to

TO
Sell out (of fazer algo
(entradas, in- Inseparável hours. / I'm sorry, stick to a diet.
sth)
gressos, etc) We've sold out

EN
Can I just sum
of bread. Sum up/Sum
Resumir Separável up what we've
sth<->up

IM
Mandar buscar, agreed so far?
Send for a doc-
Send for chamar, man- Inseparável
SC
tor, quickly! Please switch
dar chamar Switch sth<- Desligar, apa-
Separável the lights off as
->off gar algo
NA

At what time you leave.

do we set off
Partir (em We heard the
DO

Set off Inseparável tomorrow?

viagem) Switch sth<- Ligar, acender news as soon as
The earlier, the Separável
->on algo we switched on
better.
O

the car radio.

IN

The police set up

Enganar al- Parecer-se ou
the car thief by
ST

Set sb<->up guém, armar Separável comportar-se

using a hidden I take after my
uma cilada com algum
camera.
LE

Take after sb Inseparável mother. We are

membro mais
both impatient.
Our boss set a velho da fa-
CE

meeting up with mília

Montar, cons- the president of
S

He took the car

truir, colocar the company. /
EU

Set sth<->up Separável Take sth<- Desmontar brakes apart and

algo, combinar The police set up Separável
->apart algo found the pro-
algo roadblocks on
AT

blem.
routes out of the
city. I have to take
8M

Devolver algo
our new TV
What Liz really (em alguma
Take sth<- back because it
wanted was to
79

loja), retirar Separável

Settle down Acalmar-se Inseparável ->back doesn't work. /
get married and algo que se
OK, I take it all
04

settle down. disse

back.
1
00

The plane took

VERBO SIGNIFICADO TIPO EXEMPLO Take off Decolar Inseparável off two hours
1

later.
21

I want to shop
Comparar a Tirar algo
around a little
TO

Shop around qualidade e/ Inseparável Come in and

before buying Take sth<- (peça de
ou os preços Separável take your shoes
my new car. ->off roupa, sapato,
EN

off.
joias, etc.)
He is showing off
IM

Show off Exibir-se Inseparável because the girl My grandparents

he likes is here. Take sb<- Levar alguém took us out for
SC

Separável
->out para sair dinner and a
Mostrar, exi- movie.
NA

bir algo ou She likes to show

Show sb/ Can you take the
alguém pelo Separável off how well she Take sth<-
sth<->off Tirar algo Separável garbage out for
DO

qual se tem speaks French. ->out

orgulho me?
NO

Aparecer, che- Assumir o con- A Swedish firm

She finally sho- Take sth<- trole de algo, took over the
Show up gar a algum Inseparável Separável
wed up. ->over tomar conta company last
I

lugar.
ST

de algo year.
He showed me
LE

Envergonhar up by snoring
Show sb<->up Separável
alguém during the con-
CE

cert.
US
TE

276
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
She took up Testar ou usar They are trying
Try sb/sth<-

TI
Aprender ou languages and algo ou al- Separável a new presenter
Take sth<- ->out
guém out for the show.

ES
começar a Separável now she speaks
->up
fazer algo Chinese quite
Making soup is

L
well.
a good way of

CE
Use sth<->up Acabar algo Separável
Looking for a using up leftover
Ocupar algo place to live vegetables.

S
Take up sth (espaço, tem- Inseparável has been taking

EU
po) up all my time Esperar acor-
Wait up for I'll wait up for
recently. dado por Inseparável
sb you.

AT
alguém
I didn't want to

8M
Converncer Ficar mais
Talk sb into/ move abroad Wake up and
alguém, per- Separável Wake up atento e inte- Inseparável
out but my husband listen!
suadir ressado

79
talked me into it.
He hasn't yet

04
Destruir algo She tored up all
Tear sth<->up rasgando em Separável the letter he had Wake up to Dar-se conta woken up to the
Inseparável

01
pedaços sent her. sth de algo seriouness of the
situation.

10
The manager
Dar bronca em Fazer o aque-

21
Tell sb<->off Separável tells you off if I always warm up
alguém cimento
you arrive late. by doing situps
Warm up (esporte), Inseparável

TO
before I go for
Pensar em esquentar
I keep thinking a run.
Think back algo que (motor)

EN
Inseparável back to day I
(to sth) aconteceu no
met him. Ficar mais
passado

IM
entusiasmado,
Warm sb/ The party soon
fazer algo ou Separável
I'll have to think
SC
sth<->up warmed up
Refletir sobre this job offer alguém ficar
Think sth<- mais animado
algo, conside- Separável over before I
NA

->over
rar algo make my final
decision. You have to
Warm sth<- Esquentar algo
DO

Separável warm the rice

->up (comida)
We threw away up.
Throw sth<- our old furniture
O

Jogar algo fora Separável The effects of

->away when we won
Desapare-
IN

the lottery. Wear off Inseparável the drug will

cer, passar
ST

Rejeitar/Re- Why did she turn

soon wear off.
Turn sb/sth<-
LE

cusar algo ou Separável down your invi-

->down They are
alguém tation?
trying to
CE

Abaixar algo design tyres

Turn sth<- (volume), Please turn the that do not
S

Separável Wear out /

->down diminuir (luz, volume down.
Desgastar Separável wear out. / He
EU

wear sth<-
calor)
->out wore out two
AT

She wasn't a pairs of boots

pretty child but during one
8M

Turn into Tornar-se Inseparável she turned into

a beautiful wo- winter.
79

man.
Wear sb/ Esgotar-
The kids have
04

Apagar algo yourself<- -se, esgotar Separável

(luz), fechar
Please turn the
->out worn me out.
alguém
1

Turn sth<- television off

algo (torneira), Separável
00

->off before you go to

desligar algo I work out
bed.
1

(TV, motor) regularly to

21

Acender (luz), keep fit. /

Dar certo,
Inseparável Things have
TO

abrir (tornei- I'll turn on the Work out

Turn sth<->on Separável exercitar-se
ra), ligar (TV, heating. worked out
EN

motor)
quite well for
Turn over / Virar, virar-se, He turned over us.
IM

Turn sb/sth<- virar alguém Separável and went back

He worked
SC

->over ou algo to sleep.

out the
Our dog turned
NA

up after we put
Calcular; answer. /
Chegar, apa- resolver um They will
Turn up Inseparável posters up all
DO

recer
over the neigh- Work sth<- problema, work out the
->out Separável
bourhood. descobrir a problem. / I
NO

Aumentar resposta de couldn't work

Could you turn algo. out where the
Turn sth<->up (volume, luz, Separável
I

the TV up?
music was
ST

etc.)
coming from.
LE

Experimentar Try the shoes on

Try sth<->on algo (roupas, Separável before you by
CE

sapatos, etc.) them.

US
TE

277
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
Work on your

TI
own and wri- 4. “Blowing noses, itchy eyes and sneezing” are

ES
Write sth<- te down the
->down Anotar algo Separável
answers to a) diagnoses. c) painkillers.

L
CE
these ques- b) symptoms. d) prescriptions
tions.

S
Read the text and answer questions 5, 6, 7 and 8.

EU
AT
28
TEXT 2

8M
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
WEATHER WATCHERS

79
04
TEXT COMPREHENSION AND EXTRA EXER- If you want to know what the weather is going to be like, you should

01
CISES ask a plant. According to scientists, plants have the uncanny power

10
to predict the weather. Experiments at London’s Imperial College
TEXT 1

21
have shown that plant cells react to electric current. Alerted by the
charge in the atmosphere, they recognise that rain may soon be on

TO
Read the text and answer questions 1, 2, 3 and 4. the way and prepare their roots and leaves to take the maximum

EN
benefit.
SPRINGTIME ALLERGIES These findings come six months after even more curious research

IM
which suggests that plants can talk – alerting each other to threats
SC
Spring is about to, well, spring, and with those beautiful blooming that are being posed by pests and viruses.
NA

trees and flowers come blowing noses, itchy eyes and sneezing – (Taken from Speak Up #131)
seasonal allergies.
DO

It’s not just pollen that can create an irritation – dust, smoke and GLOSSARY:
chemicals such as perfumes and dyes are culprits as well. Seaso- uncanny = fantástico
O

nal allergies can also heighten your sensitivity to these irritants, charge = corrente elétrica
IN

making for one miserable rite of spring. posed = apresentadas

ST

Not surprisingly, cats can be sensitive, too – about 15 percent are

LE

intolerant to substances such as chemicals and dyes. A few simple 5. The pronoun they in “ they recognise...” (line 3) refers to
CE

strategies can help minimize exposure and help you and your kitty.
(Adapted from Reader’s Digest, March 2007) a) findings. c) plant cells.
S

GLOSSARY: b) scientists. d) pests and viruses.

EU

rite = ritual
AT

culprits = desencadeadores 6. According to the text, we conclude that

8M

heighten = intensificar
a) plants can talk to each other about the weather.
79

1. According to the text, b) scientists made curious discoveries about plants.

04

c) plants prepare their roots and leaves to generate electric

1

a) cats can’t develop an allergy to chemicals and dyes. current.

00

b) blooming trees increase the sensitivity to some irritants. d) researches suggest that plants can respond to pests and vi-
1

c) a wide range of strategies help people relieve much of the pain. ruses.
21

d) not only pollen can create an irritation but also dust , smoke
TO

and chemicals. 7. The underlined verbs, in the text, are being used, respectively, in
EN

the:
2. According to the text, “Not surprisingly, cats can be sensitive,
IM

too...” means that a) simple past / gerund c) past participle / gerund

SC

b) simple past / infinitive d) past participle / infinitive

NA

a) lots of cats are unexpectedly sensitive to fragrances.

b) it isn’t surprising that cats are intolerant to chemicals and dyes. 8. “threats” (line 6) is
DO

c) prolonged exposure to flowers made cats allergic to perfumes.

d) it’s amazing that at least 15 percent of kitties are irritated by a) a verb. c) an adverb.
NO

chemicals. b) a noun. d) an adjective.

I
ST

3. “Such as” (line 6) is closest in meaning to Read the dialog and answer questions 9, 10 and 11.
LE
CE

a) instead. c) for example. TEXT 3

b) indeed. d) undoubtedly.
US
TE

278
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
“Good morning, doctor!”, the man said.

TI
“I’m here because my wife insists that I need professional help.” 14. What’s the passive voice for “After World War I scientists

ES
“Why does she feel that way?”, the doctor asked. made a new machine.”
“Because I prefer bow ties to long ties.” After World War I a new machine _____________.

L
CE
“I don’t understand”, the doctor said.
Why would she see that as a problem? Many people prefer bow ties a) is made c) has been made

S
to long ties. b) was made d) had been made

EU
In fact, I have the same preference myself.”

AT
“Really?”, the patient said , smiling. “ How do you like yours – boiled, Read the text and answer questions 15, 16, 17 and 18.

8M
or sauteed with a little garlic?”
TEXT 5

79
9. “myself ”(line 8 ) and “yours” (line 9) are, respectively:

04
EARPRINTS

01
a) relative pronoun/ objective pronoun

10
b) reflexive pronoun / possessive pronoun First there were fingerprints, then came DNA profiling to aid the po-

21
c) possessive adjective / reflexive pronoun lice in finding criminals. And now we’ve gone one step further still:
d) reflexive pronoun / possessive adjective earprints. British police have begun putting together a database of

TO
criminals earprints.

EN
10. “I’m here because my wife insists that I need professional Just like fingerprints, no two ear lobe prints are exactly the same,
help”. In reported speech this becomes: and earprints can be found with remarkable ease at many crimes

IM
sites. Unwary burglars often leave an earprint when listening at win-
SC
a) He asked him if he was there because his wife insisted. dows and doors before they commit their crime.
NA

b) He told his wife he was there because he needed professio- Roger Summers, head of Derbyshire Police’s scientific support unit,
nal help. admits that it is not foolproof. “Nobody has been convicted purely
DO

c) He told the doctor he needed professional help because of on earprint evidence. It may be that earprints will not stand up in
his wife’s manners. court in the same way as fingerprints, but they could be useful cor-
O

d) He said he was there because his wife insisted that he roborative evidence,” he says.
IN

needed professional help. (Taken from Speak Up # 134)

ST
LE

11. “Many people prefer bow ties to long ties.” means that: GLOSSARY:
CE

Many people____________________ . lobe = lóbulo remarkable = notável

unwary = descuidado foolproof = infalível
S

a) enjoy long ties the most corroborative = corroborativo

EU

b) would rather use bow ties than long ties

AT

c) think long ties are nicer than bow ties 15. Based on the text, you can say that earprints are one of the
8M

d) would like to wear bow ties and long ties ways to

79

Read the extract and answer questions 12, 13 and 14. a) determine DNA. c) discover criminals.
04

b) convict a criminal. d) take criminals to court.

1

TEXT 4
00

16. The opposite of “the same” (line 4) is

1

Almost three-fourths of the earth is under the ocean. Until a few

21

years ago, people did not know what the ocean bottom was like. a) very. b) alike. c) similar. d) different.
TO

The ocean bottom is different from what we thought. After World

EN

War I scientists made a new machine. This machine told them what 17. The modal verbs, underlined in the text, are expressing, respec-
the bottom of the ocean was like. The machine told how deep the tively:
IM

ocean is in each place. For a long time many people thought the
SC

ocean bottom was flat. Now we know that there are large moun- a) possibility / ability c) deduction / possibility
NA

tains and deep holes in the ocean bottom. b) permission / advice d) possibility / possibility
DO

12. In “ocean bottom” the underlined word is closest in meaning to 18. The word no in “ no two ear lobe prints ...” means
NO

a) line. b) hole. c) floor. d) rocks. a) some. c) nothing.

b) not any. d) just one.
I
ST

13. “... what the ocean bottom was like.” refers to

LE

Read the letter and answer questions 19, 20, 21 and 22.
CE

a) efficient scientists. c) a sophisticated machine.

b) the length of the ocean. d) the features of the ocean. TEXT 6
US
TE

279
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
no function, but perhaps that’s part of the attraction. I love it!

TI
Dear Angela,

ES
GLOSSARY:
I was horrified when I found out that my 12- year-old daughter had distinctive = característico, distintivo.

L
CE
been arrested for stealing some make-up from a high street che-
mist. This happened because she had been dared by some older 23. “ dull ” (line 6) means

S
children from her school.

EU
She was so frightened that she started crying – which is what at- a) not interesting. c) not bright.

AT
tracted the attention of the shop assistant. The police were called b) not beautiful. d) not clear.

8M
and she was giving a telling-off at the police station. Since this ter-
rifying experience, she has been too afraid to go out on her own 24. The use of past perfect (lines 3-4) shows

79
and cries all the time. Now it is over she must learn to live with it.

04
But I feel a failure as a parent and I am afraid that my child will turn a) an indefinite time in past.

01
to crime later on in life. b) that something will be done.

10
c) that the action is reflected on a recent present.

21
What should I do? d) that someone had done something when something else
happened.

TO
Yours sincerely,

EN
25. The pronoun “it”, underlined in the text, refers to:
Ashamed

IM
a) Parisians.
SC c) the building.
19. In the letter, Mrs Ashamed is b) the design. d) the nineteenth century.
NA

a) rejecting an apology. c) asking for a piece of advice. Read the text and answer questions 26 and 27.
DO

b) rejecting a complaint. d) asking for a word of warning.

20. In “... my 12-year-old daughter had been arrested for stealing TEXT 8
O

some make-up.” the underlined word is closest in meaning to

IN

“And now here (1) is my secret, a very (2) simple secret: It is only
ST

a) by. c) because of. with the heart that one can see rightly (3); what is essential (4) is
LE

b) besides. d) even though. invisible to the eye.”

CE

21. In “she was so frightened that she started crying.” “so…that” 26. “heart”, in bold type in the extract, refers to
S

introduces a clause of
EU

a) chest. c) suffering.
AT

a) result. c) condition. b) feelings. d) body organ.

8M

b) purpose. d) concession.
27. Which of the underlined words, in the text, are adverbs?
79

22. In “... she has been too afraid to go out on her own” the
04

underlined expression means: a) All of them. c) Numbers 2 and 3.

1

b) Only number 3. d) Numbers 1, 2 and 3.

00

a) alone. c) with a couple.

1

b) together. d) protected by her parents.

21

Read the text and answer questions 28 and 29

TO

Read the text and answer questions 23, 24 and 25.

EN

TEXT 9
TEXT 7
IM

Rio 2016: Yes, we can!

SC

The Eiffel Tower is probably the most famous and distinctive buil-
NA

ding in Paris, but before I saw it for the first time, when I was about For the first time ever a South American city was chosen in Cope-
23, I had thought of it as an impressive piece of grey metal. Ob- nhagen, Denmark, to host the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Ga-
DO

viously it had been a contemporary design back in the nineteenth mes. In the next few years, Brazil’s image abroad could benefit if
century when it was built, but even then, most Parisians had hated the country organizes the Olympics well (and the World Cup in
NO

it. And it did nothing for me. So when I first went to Paris I didn’t rush 2014). The first challenge is to tackle violence, to invest in social
to visit it. Then one day the friend I was with insisted that we went projects, and to step up security in Rio.
I
ST

to see it. We got out of the Metro and turned a corner and there it
LE

was. It was huge! What surprised me was that it had a colour, a kind (From Maganews SET/2010)
CE

of dull brown. Then there was the beauty of the iron work. It was so
delicate. Look up and up and up and finally you see the top. It has GLOSSARY
US
TE

280
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
abroad – no exterior of Finland has come up with a clever solution (EP 812 106). Since

TI
to tackle – enfrentar all TV screens go blank for a few milliseconds as one picture frame

ES
to step up – melhorar/ dar um passo à frente replaces another, Nokia proposes synchronising the camera with
the screen, so pictures are taken only when the screen is blank. All

L
CE
28. The opposite of “few”, in bold type in the text, is this happens so quickly that the effect is not noticeable - especially
as the picture quality of video conferences is far inferior to that of

S
a) many b) none. c) some. d) few broadcast TV.

EU
(New Scientist 4 July 1998)

AT
29. Brazil’s image abroad could benefit, underlined in the text, me-

8M
ans that Brazil’s _______ abroad could be better. 32. O texto diz que, durante uma videoconferência,

79
a) scenery b) feelings c) reputation d) photograph a) as lentes da Nokia refletem uma imagem de ótima qualidade.

04
b) a qualidade da imagem fica prejudicada para os que usam

01
Read the text and answer questions 33 and 34. óculos com lentes grossas.

10
c) as pessoas que usam óculos parecem esquisitas, pelo fato
TEXT 10

21
de que suas lentes refletem a imagem da tela.
d) a imagem fica embaçada para aqueles que usam lentes

TO
“Researchers and public-health officials have long understood that comuns.

EN
to maintain a given weight, energy in (calories consumed) must e) as pessoas enxergam melhor com os óculos fabricados pela
equal energy out (calories expended). But then they learned that Nokia.

IM
genes were important, too, and that for some people this formula SC
was tilted in a direction that led to weight gain. Since the disco- 33. De acordo com o texto, qual é a sugestão da Nokia?
NA

very of the first obesity gene in 1994, scientists have found about
50 genes involved in obesity. Some of them determine how indi- a) Substituição de um quadro por outro.
DO

viduals lay down fat and metabolize energy stores. Others regulate b) Sincronia entre câmera e tela.
how much people want to eat in the first place, how they know c) Combinação simultânea de imagens.
O

when they’ve had enough and how likely they are to use up calories d) Eliminação do quadro durante alguns milissegundos.
IN

through activities ranging from fidgeting to running marathons. Pe- e) Preenchimento do branco das telas de TV.
ST

ople who can get fat on very little fuel may be genetically program-
LE

med to survive in harsher environments. When the human species 34. Conforme o texto, a finalidade do EP 812 106 é
CE

got its start, it was an advantage to be efficient. Today, when food is

plentiful, it is a hazard.” a) sincronizar as imagens no espaço de milissegundos.
S

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/magazine/13obesity.html. b) melhorar a qualidade de transmissão da televisão.

EU

c) ressaltar a qualidade de uma videoconferência.

AT

30. In the text, the central idea is that d) transmitir até mesmo as imagens distantes de qualidade
8M

inferior.
a) obesity should be genetically treated. e) captar as imagens no momento em que a tela estiver em
79

b) fat people may use different formulae to lose weight. branco.

04

c) fat regulates our feeling of satiety.

1

d) genes contribute to obesity. Read the text and answer questions 35, 36 and 37.
00

e) researchers are discussing the consequences of obesity.

1

TEXT 12
21

31. According to the text, Deforestation has recently been recognized as a global problem.
TO

Even today, governments and individuals believe that only the

EN

a) today’s obesity may be linked to evolutionary factors. countries using up their forests will be affected by it. However,
b) the human species is programmed to eat as much as scientists are convinced that the world’s forests must be preserved.
IM

possible to survive. They base their conviction on scientific data that prove the impor-
SC

c) the ingestion of large quantities of food was an advantage tance of forests to all people everywhere.
NA

in the past.
d) obese people have some advantages over slim people. (Taken from Between the Lines)
DO

e) very little food is necessary to survive in some environments. GLOSSARY

NO

Read the text and answer questions 32, 33 and 34. data – dados
deforestation – desmatamento
I
ST

TEXT 11 to recognize – reconhecer

LE

to use up – consumir totalmente

CE

People wearing glasses look odd during video conferences becau-

se their lenses reflect a disturbing image of the screen, but Nokia 35. Based on the text,
US
TE

281
MA
 N
ME
CI
S
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
home tired and spent. Yet, discipline is the second most important

TI
a) deforestation is not a global problem. thing we can give our children, after love. An undisciplined child

ES
b) scientific data prove the value of forests to everyone doesn’t learn how to control himself, and as a result, he doesn’t feel
everywhere. secure.

L
CE
c) scientists and governments are not worried about defo- (taken from Family Circle Magazine )
restation.

S
d) governments and individuals are convinced that all coun- GLOSSARY:

EU
tries will be affected by deforestation. uphold = apoiar e manter

AT
8M
36. The underlined word, in the text, is similar in meaning to 41. According to the text, we conclude that

79
a) so. b) but. c) then. d) because. a) love is the most important thing given to a child.

04
b) children are only well -behaved when they are loved.

01
37. “their”, (line 3), refers to c) parents punish their children because of their tiredness.

10
d) parents tried everything to have a close relationship with

21
a) scientists. c) governments. their children.
b) individuals. d) world’s forests.

TO
42. “Yet”, (line 4), is closest in meaning to

EN
Read the text and answer questions 38, 39 and 40.
TEXT 13 a) thus. c) as long as.

IM
b ) moreover.
SC d) nevertheless
Vitamin C
NA

43. In “... when they arrive home tired and spent.”, the underlined
Foods such as oranges and tomatoes contain a lot of vitamin C. word introduces a clause of:
DO

Other fruits and vegetables ____ vitamin C, too. Doctors agree

that vitamin C ______ us healthy. Most doctors think that vitamin a) time. b) reason. c) manner. d) concession.
O

C helps prevent colds. A few people believe that vitamin C can

IN

prevent cancer and other serious health problems. Read the text and answer question 47.
ST

( Taken from Access Reading Thomson)

LE

TEXT 15
CE

38. According to the text,

A long job
S

a) all fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C.

EU

b) only few doctors agree that vitamin C helps prevent colds. A little boy sees his dad painting the ceiling. ____ mom says to
AT

c) a large number of people think that vitamin C can prevent _____: “Look and remember how to do it. When you grow up you'll
8M

cancer. help _____ dad”. The boy says: “But won’t he have finished painting
d) doctors believe that fruits and vegetables that contain vita- by then?
79

min C keep us in good health.

04

44. The correct pronouns to fill in the blanks are, respectively

1

39. “too”, (line 2) is similar in meaning to

00

a) His / he / his c) His / him / your

1

a) well. b) also. c) very. d) more. b) Your / his / our d) Your / his / your
21
TO

40. “such as”, (line 1), is closest in meaning to

GABARITO
GABARITO
EN

a) so. b ) but. c) instead. d) for example.

IM

TEXT 1
SC

Read the text and answer questions 44, 45 and 46.

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B
NA

TEXT 14 TEXT 2
DO

5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B
TOO BUSY, TOO TIRED
NO

TEXT 3
Sixteen-hour days – eight at work and eight at home – leave a
I

9. B 10. D 11. B
ST

parent little time or energy for sharing important values and re-
TEXT 4
LE

lationships. In addition, too little attention is currently paid to dis-

12. C 13. D 14. B
CE

cipline – by which I mean teaching, not punishment. Parents who

are away all day just don’t feel like upholding rules when they arrive TEXT 5
US
TE

282
MA
 N
ME
S CI
INGLÊS

NA
DO
NO
15. C 16. D 17. D 18. B

TI
TEXT 6
29

ES
CAPÍTULO
CAPÍTULO
19. C 20. C 21. A 22. A

L
CE
TEXT 7
VERB TENSE REVIEW

S
23. D 24. D 25. C

EU
TEXT 8 USOS E FORMAS

AT
26. B 27. D

8M
SIMPLE PRESENT (auxiliares DO/DOES)
TEXT 9

79
28. A 29. C O Simple Present é usado para expressar:

04
TEXT 10

01
1. Fatos e situações atuais:
30. D 31. A

10
AFF. Anthony lives in New York.
TEXT 11 NEG. Anthony does not live in New York.

21
32. C 33. B 34. A INT. Does Anthony live in New York?

TO
TEXT 12

EN
2. Hábitos: Geralmente são empregados com advérbios de tem-
35. B 36. B 37. A po como: always, often, usually, rarely, frequently, some-

IM
TEXT 13 times, never, every day, on weekends, on Tuesdays,etc.
SC
AFF. I go to the gym every day.
38. D 39. B 40. D
NA

NEG. I do not go to the gym every day.

TEXT 14 INT. Do you go to the gym every day?
DO

41. A 42. D 43. A

3. Verdades Universais:
O

TEXT 15
AFF. The sun goes down in the west.
IN

44. C NEG. The sun doesn’t go down in the West.

ST

INT. Does the sun go down in the West?

LE
CE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( AM/IS/ARE + ING)

S

O Present continuous é usado para expressar:

EU
AT

1. Ações que ocorrem no momento da fala; ações que es-

8M

tão em andamento.
AFF. George is sleeping.
79

NEG. George is not sleeping.

04

INT. Is George sleeping?

1
00

2. Refere-se a ações planejadas que ocorrerão num futu-

1

ro próximo:
21

AFF. We are leaving before 8:00 pm.

TO

NEG. We are not leaving before 8:00 pm.

EN

INT. Are we leaving before 8:00 pm?

IM

USOS E FORMAS:
SC
NA

SIMPLE PAST (auxiliar DID)

DO

O Simple Past é usado para expressar:

NO

1. Ações acabadas em um tempo definido, é frequente-

mente usado com advérbios de tempo como yesterday,
I
ST

yesterday morning, last week, last month, last night, the

LE

day before yesterday, three years ago, in 1998, in the

CE

twentieth century, etc.

AFF. My parents traveled to Roma in 2005.
US
TE

283
MA
 N
ME
SCI
EEAR

NA
DO
NO
NEG. My parents did not travel to Roma in 2005.

TI
INT. Did my parents travel to Roma in 2005?

ES
AFF. Kate went to the mall with her mom last Saturday.

L
CE
NEG. Kate didn’t go to the mall with her mom last Saturday.
INT. Did Kate go to the mall with her mom last Saturday?

S
EU
AFF. The kids were in the yard.

AT
NEG. The kids were not in the yard.

8M
INT. Were the kids in the yard?

79
PAST CONTINUOUS ( WAS/WERE + ING )

04
01
O Past Continuous é usado para:

10
1. Descrever uma ação em andamento num determinado

21
momento no passado:

TO
AFF. Fred was dancing with his girlfriend.

EN
NEG. Fred was not dancing with his girlfriend.
INT. Was Fred dancing with his girlfriend?

IM
SC
AFF. The dogs were barking last night.
NA

NEG. The dogs were not barking last night.

INT. Were the dogs barking last night?
DO

FUTURE FORMS
O
IN

will-future UNCERTAIN (50%)º

ST

• future actions happen without the speaker's intention

LE

• prediction, assumption
• spontaneous action
CE

AFF. I will travel on my next vacation.

NEG. I will not travel on my next vacation
S
EU

INT. Will you travel on your next vacation?

AT

BE going to-future CERTAIN (90%)

8M

• planned action in the future

• logical consequence (sth. is going to happen)
79

AFF. I am going to travel on my next vacation.

04

NEG. I’m not going to travel on my next vacation

1

INT. Are you going to travel on your next vacation?

00
1

Simple Present FIXED

21

• future action is fixed (e.g. timetable)

TO

AFF. The class starts at 7:00 a.m

NEG. The class doesn’t start at 7:00 a.m
EN

INT. Does the class start at 7:00 a.m?

IM

Present Progressive CERTAIN (100%)

SC

• planned action in the near future

NA

AFF. Tom is visiting his parents this weekend.

NEG.Tom isn’t visiting his parents this weekend.
DO

INT. Is Tom visiting his parents this weekend?

INO
ST
LE
CE
US
TE

284
MA