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Medicina Nuclear
• Equipamento
• Procedimento
• Processo medido
– São Imprevisíveis e,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
Counts
Nuclear Counting Statistics:
Poisson Distribution
0.40
0.30 m=1
Relative probablity
m=2
m=3
0.20
m=5
m=10
0.10
0.00
0 5 10 15 20
Measured counts
Poisson and Gaussian
Distributions (cm)2
1
Gaussian (normal) P (c ) e 2m
distribution: 2m
0.15
Gaussian m=10 0.09
Gaussian m=30
Poisson m=10
0.10 Poisson m=30
0.06
0.05 0.03
0.00 0.00
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -10 10 30 50 70
Properties of the Poisson
Distribution
• The standard deviation (σ) is equal to the
square-root of the mean value
• So the variance (σ2) is equal to the mean
FWHM = 2σ = 2√m
m
Properties of the Poisson
Distribution
• If we have one measurement, we don’t
know the mean
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
Counts
Properties of the Poisson
Distribution
• Usually, we assume that our error
(standard deviation) is given by the
square-root of the measured number.
916
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
25
17
10
19
18
21
24
23
22
12
20
14
13
11
15
40
% standard deviation
25 % standard deviation
30 20 (=100*sqrt(N)/N)
standard deviation
20 (=sqrt(N)) 15
10
10
5
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
N N
Frequency
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
Counts
Medida de radioatividade.
• Considerasse seguir a distribuição de
Poisson
– A dist. De Poisson é válida para eventos
aleatórios e discretos
P(N)=e-mmN/N!
σ2=m
• Desvio padrão
σ=√m
N m
68,26% =>± 1 σ
95,44% => ±2 σ
99,73% => ±3 σ
N± √N
V=(√N/N)*100%
– σ2 m + ΔN2
– Incerteza percentual
V= 100%*(√ σ12+ σ22+ σ32+... σn2)/(ΣNi)
– Incerteza percentual
V=(√1/N1+ 1/N2+...+ 1/Nn)*100%
N N n
R 1 t N , ou
R t
• A incerteza percentual
VR 100% / Rt
Prof. Eder R. Moraes
3- Diferenças Significantes entre
duas medidas
• Quando 2 medidas são significantemente
diferentes?
• p < 0,00?%
( N1 N 2 ) 3 N2 1 N2 2
3 N1 N 2
Rs Rg Rb
MDA 3 Rb tb