SISTEMA

DIGESTÓRI
O
Prof:Ecio Bruno
FEEDBACK OU RETROALIMENTAÇÃO
O sistema de feedback proporciona a manutenção da homeostase sem provocar o
aumento do gasto de energia pelo corpo e evita, por exemplo, desperdícios com a
produção excessiva de um hormônio ou de uma enzima.
Feedback pode ser conceituado como um sistema que se autocontrola. Sendo assim,a
regulação metabólica é desencadeada pelo próprio produto final, que pode estimular
(feedback positivo) ou inibir (feedback negativo) determinada cadeia de reações
químicas.
.Exemplo: Feedback negativo
A ingestão exagerada de sal de cozinha pode ocasionar o aumento da pressão arterial. No
organismo humano, quando a pressão arterial está elevada, diversos sistemas, como o
urinário, têm seu funcionamento alterado, fazendo com que a pressão arterial retorne aos
seus valores normais. Nesse caso, o aumento da pressão arterial é entendido como um
desequilíbrio, o que faz com que o corpo altere seu comportamento para retornar à
homeostase.
 FEEDBACK OU
RETROALIMENTAÇÃO
✦ Exemplo: Feedback positivo
✦ As contrações durante a gravídez, por sua
vez, são estímulos para que haja ainda mais
contrações, e com maior intensidade,
levando ao nascimento do bebê. Ou seja, o
conjunto de respostas orgânicas resulta na
soma da mudança inicial.
 NUTRIÇÃO
A nutrição é a forma pela qual os organismos vivos obtêm energia para a
manutenção de suas atividades diárias. Algumas dessas atividades podem ser
facilmente percebidas, como a movimentação do corpo e dos membros.
Os nutrientes podem ser divididos grupos: energéticos, plásticos e
reguladores.
.Os nutrientes energéticos são essencialmente os carboidratos e as
gorduras. Os carboidratos estão presentes em grande quantidade em
alimentos como os cereais (trigo, arroz, centeio, etc.), as frutas e os
tubérculos, enquanto a manteiga e os óleos vegetais, por exemplo,
são ricos em gorduras. Caso haja queda na disponibilidade de
carboidratos no organismo, as gorduras são mobilizadas e levadas às
células como fonte principal de energia
 NUTRIÇÃO
. Nutrientes plásticos são aqueles que constroem as células e, com isso,
formam a massa viva de um corpo. São nutrientes essencialmente plásticos
as proteínas e as gorduras. Gorduras e proteínas formam, por exemplo, a
estrutura da membrana plasmática de todas as células.
. Nutrientes reguladores como o próprio nome sugere, são responsáveis
pela regulação das funções orgânicas. São reguladores as vitaminas e os sais
minerais.
 DIGESTÃO HUMANA

O sistema digestório apresenta uma série de

órgãos que garantem que o nosso
organismo consiga retirar dos alimentos os
nutrientes que precisamos para nossa
sobrevivência.
Na imagem podemos observar a localização dos
órgãos do sistema digestório, como boca,
esôfago, estômago, intestino delgado e intestino
grosso, além das glândulas salivares, do fígado
e do pâncreas.
 DIGESTÃO HUMANA
istema digestório apresenta órgãos especializados na quebra dos
alimentos em partículas menores e no aproveitamento dos
nutrientes neles presentes. Esse sistema é também responsável
por eliminar o material que não foi digerido.
✦ O sistema digestório humano é formado por uma espécie de
canal alimentar, o qual se comunica com várias glândulas
acessórias que liberam dentro dele substâncias essenciais
para o processo de digestão.
 FARINGE E ESÔFAGO
A faringe e o esôfago são partes importantes do sistema
digestivo humano.
.A faringe é um tubo muscular localizado na parte posterior da
boca e na parte superior do pescoço. Ela desempenha um papel
fundamental na deglutição, permitindo que os alimentos e
líquidos passem da boca para o esôfago.
.O esôfago, por sua vez, é um tubo muscular que conecta a
faringe ao estômago. Sua principal função é transportar os
alimentos mastigados e engolidos da faringe para o estômago,
através de movimentos musculares coordenados conhecidos
como peristaltismo.
 FARINGE E ESÔFAGO
Durante a deglutição, os músculos da faringe
contraem-se para empurrar o alimento para o
esôfago. Em seguida, os músculos do esôfago se
contraem em ondas rítmicas para empurrar o
alimento em direção ao estômago. Esse processo
é controlado pelo sistema nervoso autônomo, que
regula as funções involuntárias do corpo.
É importante cuidar da saúde da faringe e do
esôfago, evitando hábitos prejudiciais, como o
consumo excessivo de álcool, tabagismo e
alimentação inadequada.
Tips for a better digestive function

Less stress Healthy eating

Mars is actually a very cold Venus has extremely high
place temperatures

Avoid caffeine Sleep 8 hours

Jupiter was named after a Saturn was named after a
Roman god Roman god
 Stages of the digestive process

Ingestion Secretion Mechanic ingestion

Earth is the only planet that Venus is the second planet from Neptune is the farthest planet
harbors life the Sun from the Sun

Chemical ingestion Absorption Defecation

Mercury is the closest planet to Saturn is a gas giant with several Jupiter is the biggest planet of
the Sun rings them all
Awesome
words
 “This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”
—Someone Famous
A picture is worth a thousand words
To reinforce the
concept, try using
an image
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long text.
Your audience will appreciate it
150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
 Common digestive problems

50% 30% 20%

Stomachache Indigestion Flatulence

Jupiter is a gas giant and Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
the biggest planet in the and is the second planet actually a cold place. It’s
Solar System from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
Computer mockup
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Digestive problems in the map
America
Mars is actually a very cold
place

Russia
Saturn was named after a
Roman god

Mexico
Jupiter was named after a
Roman god
 How does it work?
Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet from the Sun cold place

01 Motility 03 Absorption

02 Digestion 04 Secretion
Mercury is the closest Jupiter was named after a
planet to the Sun Roman god
 Parts of the digestive system
Esophagus Stomach
Jupiter doesn’t have a Mars is actually a very
solid surface cold place

Liver Bowels
Venus is the second Saturn is composed of
planet from the Sun hydrogen and helium
 How fast is food digested?
Time lapse Classification Is it healthy?

Protein, minerals,
Meat 1-2 hours
fasts, vitamins
Depends

Vitamin, minerals,
Vegetables 40-60 minutes
fiber, antioxidants
Yes

Sugar, fasts, salt,

Fast food 2-6 hours
colesterol, additives
No
 Diet preferences
50% Omnivorous
Mars is actually a very
cold place

30% Vegetarianism
Mercury is the smallest
planet

20% Veganism
Saturn was named after Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
a Roman god new one here. For more info, click here
 Our team

Rick Williams Sarah Jones

You can speak a bit about this You can speak a bit about this
person here person here
 Digestive system in a nutshell
Digestive system

Transport nutrients Absorb nutrients

Blood Liquids Enzymes Intestinal villi

Jupiter doesn’t have a Saturn was named after Despite being red, Mars Earth is the third planet
solid surface a Roman god is very cold from the Sun
 Common affections

Acidity Diarrhea Constipation

Mercury is the closest planet to Venus is the second planet from Earth is the third planet from the
the Sun the Sun Sun

Nausea Hemorrhoids
Despite being red, Mars is very Jupiter was named after a
cold Roman god
 04
Exercises
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Exercise 1: Multiple choice
According to the detailed information, choose the correct answers

The stages of the digestive process are:

Ingestion, secretion, absorption and defecation

Ingestion, secretion, mechanic ingestion, chemical ingestion, absorption and defecation

Digestive enzymes are known for:

Transport nutrients, vitamins and lipids to the body

Break down food for prompt absorption

 Exercise 2: True or false
Mark the following sentences as true or false dragging the correct icons to the chart

Sentences True or false

Unlike other food components, such as fats, proteins or
carbohydrates, fiber is not digested by the body

A diet composed only of dairy products can be healthy and is

recommended to avoid suffering from digestive diseases

A balanced intake of meat, dairy, vegetables and fruit contributes

to overall health
Exercise 3: Complete the phrase
Based on what you have read, can you complete these phrases?

01 Our digestive system is composed by…

02 The main function of our liver is…

03 Digestion takes more than…

 Exercise 4: Mark the organs
Mark the organs that compose the digestive system coloring the box

Digestive system organs

Pancreas Kidneys Tongue

Liver Lungs Nose

Thyroid Bowels Esophagus

Intestines Heart Stomach

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