2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

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Algumavezvocjtentouajustarummotorsparadescobrirqueelenovaiociosooucorrer
certo?Ouvocjfoiconfrontadocomummotorquesimplesmentenoparececorrerdireitono
importaoquevocfezousubstitudo?Vocpodeestarlidandocomumvazamentodevcuodo
motor.

svezes,umvazamentodevcuovaiassobiarousibilaretornarsebvio.Mas,muitasvezes,
umafugadevcuoirdisfararsecomoumproblemadeigniooucombustvelquedesafiao
diagnstico.Dequalquerforma,umvazamentodevcuonomotorumamnotciaporque
permitequeoar"nomedido"entrenomotorealterearelaoar/combustvel.

Ento,comovocsabequandoumvazamentodevcuoestcausandoumproblema?Seo
motorestexperimentandoqualquerumdosseguintessintomas,umvazamentodevcuo
provavelmenteresponsvel:

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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

Velocidadederalentimuitorpida.Seummotorsemcontrolecomputadorizadode
marchalentaestemmarchalentamuitorpidoeserecusaavirparabaixoauma
velocidadelentanormalapesardeseusmelhoresesforosparatrsforadocarburador
parafusodemarchalentaoudedesviodeardeajusteparafuso(injeodecombustvel),o
arestficandopassadooaceleradoralgumlugar.Viascomunsdevazamentoincluemas
juntasdocorpodocarburadoredoacelerador,espaadoresdoisoladordocarburador,
juntasdocoletordeadmissoe,claro,qualquerumdosacessriosdevcuodomotor,
mangueiraseacessrios.mesmopossvelqueosOringscomfugasaoredordos
injetoresdecombustvelestejampermitindoqueoarescapeatravsdosvedantes.Outro
itemesquecidopodeserumeixodoaceleradorusado.
Umsperoidleoustalling.Umcamedodesempenhocomlotesdasobreposioda
vlvulapodedaraummotorumociosoopping,masassimquepodeumvazamentodo
vcuo.Umvazamentorealmentesriopodeinclinaramisturadear/combustvelparafora
detalformaqueummotornovaiociosoemtudo.UmavlvulaEGRqueestpresaaberta
aoralentipodeteromesmoefeitoqueumafugadevcuo.Assimtambmpodeavlvula
PCVerrada(umaquefluimuitoarparaaaplicao),ouumamangueiraPCVsolta.Odolo
speronestescasoscausadopor"falhadeigniomagra."Amisturadecombustvel
demasiadomagraparainflamardeformaconfivelporisso,muitasvezesfalhaeno
acendeemtudo.Afalhadeigniomagraaparecercomoleituraselevadasde
hidrocarbonetos(HC)noescape,osuficiente,defato,paracausarumveculofalharum
testedeemisses.
Hesitaooufalhanaacelerao.Istopodeserdevidoaumvazamentodevcuo,mas
tambmpodesercausadoporumabombadeaceleradorfracoouinoperanteemum
carburador,injetoressujos,oumesmoproblemasdeignio,comoumabobinarachada,
velasdeigniodesgastadasoupluguesincorretamentegapped.
Umamisturaociosaquedesafiaoajuste.Aoajustarosparafusosdeajustedemistura
ociosaemumcarburador,avelocidadedemarchalentadevecomearavacilarcomoos
parafusosdeajustesoviradosparainclinarparaforaamistura.Seosparafusosparecem
terpoucoounenhumefeitoemmarchalenta,voctemumproblemadecarburadorouum
vazamentodevcuo.

Acoisaimportanteamantersenamentesobrevazamentosdovcuoquetmoefeitoomais
visvelnoinativo.Naparteereguladordepressocheio,htantoarqueentraomotorqueumar
extraextradeumvazamentodevcuotemumefeitoinsignificante.

DICA:Sevoctiverumaferramentadedigitalizao,vejaosvaloresdeShortTermFuelTrim
(STFT)eLongTermFuelTrim(LTFT).Ointervalonormalmaisoumenos8.Seosnmerosso
+10ousuperiorparaSTFTeLTFT,omotorestaexecutarLEAN.Sevocgiraromotorpara
1500a2000rpmesegurloporumminutoouassim,eovalorSTFTcaiparabaixoparauma
leituramaisnormal,eleconfirmaqueomotortemumvazamentodevcuoemmarchalenta.Seo
valorSTFTnomudarmuito,acondiodecombustvelmagramaisprovvelqueumproblema
deentregadecombustvel(bombadecombustvelfraco,filtrodecombustvelrestrito,injetoresde
combustvelsujoouumreguladordepressodecombustvelcomvazamento)doqueum
vazamentodevcuo.

Paraobtermaisinformaessobrecomousaraguarniodecombustvelparadiagnosticaruma
condiodecombustvelenxuto,consulteOqueaguarniodecombustvel?,Ouconsulte
esteartigosobreFuelTrimpelaWellsManufacturing(arquivoPDF).

Antesdeentraremvriastcnicasdeencontrarecorrigirfugasdevcuo,vamosrapidamente
analisaropapeldovcuonaentregadecombustvel.

OQUEVCUODEADMISSO?
Ovcuodeentradaexistenocolectordeadmissocomoresultadodaacodebombagemdos
pistesdomotoredarestriocriadapelavlvuladeborboleta.Senofosseoacelerador
bloqueandoofluxodearparadentrodomotor,haveriapoucoounenhumvcuonocoletorde

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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

admisso(comoumdiesel).Adesvantagemdovcuodeentradaqueelecriaperdasde
bombeamentoereduzaeficinciadomotor.

Nosmotoresmaisantigos,ovcuonecessrioparapuxarocombustvelparadentrodomotor.
Sifesdevcuodecombustvelatravsdoralenti,medioprincipalecircuitosdealimentao.
Ummotorcomumvazamentodevcuo,portanto,provavelmenteserummotorquesofrecomos
sintomasdecarburetionmagra,comofaltadeigniomagra,hesitao,stallingesperoocioso.
Masosmesmossintomastambmpodemsercausadosporumcatalisadorentupidoourestrio
deescape,umavlvulaEGRcomfugasouproblemasdetemporizaodavlvula(todososquais
reduzemovcuodeadmisso).

MotorescominjeodecombustvelMultiporteinjeodiretadegasolinanoprecisamdevcuo
parapuxarcombustvelparaomotorporquepulverizadosobpresso.Mesmoassim,amaioria
destesmotoresaindatemumaceleradorpararegularofluxodearevelocidadedomotor.E,
comoosmotoresmaisantigoscarburado,umcorpodoaceleradortambmcriaumarestriode
fluxodearquecriavcuodentrodocolectordeadmisso.

Namaioriadosmotores,ovcuodeadmissodeveserconstanteentre16e22polegadasHg
(Mercrio).Umaleituramaisbaixageralmenteindicaumafugadevcuo,ouumdosoutros
problemasqueacabamosdemencionar.Umaleituraquediminuigradualmenteenquantoomotor
estemmarchalentaquasesempreapontaparaumarestriodeescape.Umaleituradevcuo
oscilantegeralmenteindicaumavlvulacomvazamentoouguiasdevlvuladesgastadasque
vazamovcuo.

Emboraosmotoresdeinjeodecombustvelnodependemdovcuodeentradaparapuxaro
combustvelparadentrodomotor,osvazamentosdevcuopodemperturbararelaoar/
combustvelcuidadosamenteequilibradaaopermitirqueoar"nomedido"entrenomotor.O
resultadoomesmotipodesintomasdeconduocomoumvazamentodevcuoemummotor
carburado(falhadeigniomagra,hesitaoaoacelerar,speroociosoepossivelmenteat
paralisao).Pontoscomunsdevazamentoincluemjuntastricasdoinjetor,juntasdocoletorde
admisso,circuitodecontroledearociosoeoeixodoacelerador.

Osmotoresdeinjeodecombustveltambmdependemdovcuodeentradapararegulara
pressodocombustvelportrsdosinjetores.Ofornecimentodecombustvelnopodeser
medidocomprecisoamenosqueumdiferencialdepressorazoavelmenteconstanteseja
mantido.Assim,odiafragmadoreguladordepressodecombustvelligadoaumafontede
vcuodeadmisso.Ovcuoquetrabalhadeencontroaumdiafragmaspringloadeddentrodo
reguladorabreumbypassqueshuntscombustveldevoltaaotanqueatravsdeumalinhade
retorno.Issofazcomqueapressodocombustvelnotrilhodoinjetoraumentequandoacarga
domotoraumenta(ediminuiovcuo).Assim,oreguladorusaovcuoparamanterapressodo
combustveleacorretarelaoar/combustvel.Umvazamentodevcuoalteraaequao
causandoumaquedanovcuoeumaumentocorrespondentenapressodalinha.

MEDIROVCUODEADMISSO
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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

MEDIROVCUODEADMISSO

Ovcuomedidocomummanmetrodevcuo.AmaioriacalibradaempolegadasHg
(Mercrio),masvoctambmpodeveralgunscalibresquetambmsocalibradosempolegadas
deH20(gua)oukilopascals(kPa)oumesmobarras.Umapolegadadevcuomedidaem
polegadasHgiguala13,570polegadasemH20,0,4898psi(librasporpolegadaquadrada)ou
3.377kPa.

Aquiestumatabeladeconversoquevocpodeusarparaconverterunidadesdemedida:

Apartirde: Para:

Kilopascal[kPa] Kilopascal[kPa]
Newton/metroquadrado Newton/metroquadrado
Newton/centmetroquadrado Newton/centmetroquadrado
Newton/milmetroquadrado Newton/milmetroquadrado
Barra Barra
Milibar[mbar] Milibar[mbar]
Microbar[bar] Microbar[bar]
Psi[psi] Psi[psi]
Polegadademercrio(60F)[inHg] Polegadademercrio(60F)[inHg]
Polegadadegua(60F)[inAq] Polegadadegua(60F)[inAq]

Resultado:

Fatoresdeconversodepressofornecidosporunitconversion.org

DETECODEFUGASDEVCUODOMOTOR

Okay,nowthatwehavecoveredwhatavacuumleaksdo,howdoyoufindcomponentsthatleak
vacuum?Onewayistovisuallyinspectallthevacuumhosesandconnections.Lookfor
disconnected,looseorcrackedhoses,brokenfittings,etc.Hey,youmightgetluckyandfindthe
probleminafewminutes,oryoumightwastehalfthedaytryingtofindthemysteriousleak.
Vacuumleaksareoftentheelusiveneedleinahaystack.Andifitisnotahoseleakingvacuumbut
somethingelsesuchasagasket,wornthrottleshaft,injectorOrings,etc.,youmayneverfindit
usingthistechnique.

Afastertechniqueforfindingintakemanifoldvacuumleaksistogetabottleofpropaneandattach
alengthofrubberhosetothegasvalve.Openthevalvesoyouhaveasteadyflowofgas.Then
holdthehosenearsuspectedleakpointswhiletheengineisidling.Ifthereisaleak,propanewill
besiphonedinthroughtheleak.Theresulting"correction"intheengine'sair/fuelratioshould
causeanoticeablechangeinidlespeedand/orsmoothness(Note:onengineswithcomputerized
idlespeedcontrol,disconnecttheidlespeedcontrolmotorfirst).

Aerosolcarburetorcleanercanalsobeusedthesameway.CAUTION:Solventisextremely
flammable,sodonotsmokeoruseitifthereareanysparksinthevicinity(arcingplugwires,for
example).Spraythesolventonsuspectedleakpointswhiletheengineisidling.Ifthereisaleak,
thesolventwillbedrawnintotheengineandhavethesameeffectasthepropane.Theidlespeed
willsuddenlychangeandsmoothout.

TIP:Ifyouhaveascantool,lookattheShortTermFuelTrim(STFT)valuewhileyouareusing
carbcleanerorpropanetochecksuspectedvacuumleakpoints.Ifthereisaleakandsomeofthe
cleanerorpropaneissuckedinthroughtheleak,youwillseeamomentarydropintheSTFT
reading.Thisconfirmsyouhavefoundaleak(keepcheckingbecausetheremaybemultiple
leaks!).

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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

AsmokemachinewithUVdyecanrevealtinyvacuumleaks.
Lowpressuresmokeisfedintotheintakemanifold,thenyoulookforthetelltaledyetofindthe
leak.

USINGASMOKEMACHINETOFINDENGINEVACUUMLEAKS
Amuchsafertechniqueistouseasmokemachine.Thesemachinesfeedartificialsmokeintothe
intakemanifold,Thesmokemayalsobemixedwithanultravioletdyetomakeleakseasiertosee.
Youthenlookforsmokeseepingoutofhoses,gasketsorcracksinthemanifoldand/oruseaUV
lighttofindtheleak.ThistypeofequipmentisoftenneededtofindsmallairleaksintheEVAP
(evaporativeemissions)controlsystem.Smokemachinescancost$600to$2000ormore
dependingonthemodelandfeatures,sotheyareprimarilyforusebyprofessionaltechnicians.

FINDINGLEAKSWITHANEXHAUSTANALYZER

Propanecanalsobeusedinconjunctionwithanexhaustanalyzer(doNOTusecarburetorcleaner
oryoumaydamageyouranalyzer!).EnginevacuumleaksalmostalwayscausefluctuatingHC
readings,soaninfraredexhaustanalyzercan(1)tellyouifthereisindeedaleak,and(2)where
theleakisusingthepropaneprocedure.

Twotypesofvacuumleakscanbediagnosedwithananalyzer.Thefirstkindisageneralvacuum
leak(PCVhose,brakebooster,etc.)thatleansoutthemixtureandcausesaverylowCOreading
andonlyaslightlyhigherfluctuatingHCreading.TheO2readingwillalsobehigh.Thesecond
kindofvacuumleakisa"point"leakthataffectsonlyoneortwocylinders(aleakymanifoldgasket
oracrackorporosityleakinoneofthemanifoldrunners).Thiswillbeindicatedbyanormalorlow
COreadingcombinedwithhighfluctuatingHCreadings.O2willagainbehigh.

Tofindaleak,feedpropaneatsuspectedleakpointsuntilyounoteanimprovementinidlequality
and/orachangeintheHC/CO/O2readings.Whenyouhavefoundtheleak,theidleshouldsmooth
out,HCandO2shoulddropandCOrise.

ItisimportanttonotethatanoverlyleanidlemixturewillalsocauseafluctuatingHCreadingthe
sameasavacuumleak.Totellonefromtheother,thereisasimple"trick"youcanuse.
Momentarilyenrichtheidlemixtureto1.5to2.0%CObyplacingacleanshopragoverthetopof
thecarburetor.IftheenginesmoothsoutandHCdropsandremainsstable,theproblemisalean
idlemixtureadjustment.IfHCstillfluctuates,however,theengineisstilltooleaninoneormore
cylindersindicatingavacuumleak.

ELECTRONICVACUUMLEAKDETECTION

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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

Ifyoulikegadgets,thereareelectronictoolsdesignedtodetectvacuumleaks.Anelectronic
vacuumleakdetectorwillbeeporflashwhenitdetectsultrasonicvibrationsthatarecharacteristic
ofavacuumleak.Thesetoolsuseasensitivemicrophonetolistenforcertainnoisefrequencies.
Thoughextremelysensitive,thesetoolssometimesreacttotinyleaksthatarenotreallycausinga
problem,or"false"leakssuchasthenoisecreatedbyarcinginsidethedistributorcapornormal
bearingnoiseinthealternator.

PRESSUREVACUUMLEAKDETECTIONTECHNIQUES
Anotherwaytofindanelusivevacuumleakistopressurizetheintakemanifoldwithaboutthree
lbs.ofregulatedair.Thiscanbedonebyattachingaregulatortoyourshopairhose,then
attachingthehosetoavacuumfittingorthePCVvalvefittingontheintakemanifold,carburetoror
throttlebody.Donotapplytoomuchpressureoryoumaycreatenewleaks!Withtheengineoff
andairflowingintothemanifold,spraysoapywateronsuspectedleaks.Ifyouseebubbles,you
havefoundtheleak.

Youcanalsousetheoppositetechnique,whichistoapplyvacuumwithahandpumptovarious
vacuumhosesandcircuitstoseeiftheyholdvacuum.Butthistechniquemeanstracingtheentire
circuittoseewhereitends,anddisconnectingandplugginganypartsofthecircuitthatdonot
"deadend"againstadiaphragmorvalve.

HOWTOREPAIRANENGINEVACUUMLEAK

Okay,nowyouhavefoundtheleak.Herearesomesuggestionsonhowtofixit:

*LeakyvacuumhosesReplacethem.Iftheendofahoseislooseorcracked,cuttingitoffand
stickingitbackonmaytemporarilyeliminatetheleak.Butifthehoseisrottenoragehardened,it
needstobereplaced.Shorteninghosesmayalsocreateadditionalproblems.Thehosemaychaff
orrubagainstothercomponents,orpulllooseasaresultofenginemotionandvibration.Usethe
correcttypeofreplacementhose(PVChoseorvacuumhosecapableofwithstandingfuelvapors
andvacuumwithoutcollapsing).Also,besurethereplacementhoseisthesamediameterand
lengthastheoriginal.

*CarburetororthrottlebodybasegasketvacuumleaksTrytighteningdownthecarburetoror
throttlebodymountingbolts.Ifthatdoesn'tstoptheleak,replacethegasketunderthecarburetor
orthrottlebody.Ifthereisaheatinsulatororadapterplateundertheunit,itmayalsohavetobe
replaceddependingonitscondition.Whilethecarburetororthrottlebodyisoff,useastraightedge
tocheckthebaseforflatness(andthemanifold,too).Warpedsurfacescanpreventatightseal,so
ifyoufindanyitcallsforresurfacingorcomponentreplacement.

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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

*CarburetororthrottlebodythrottleshaftvacuumleaksWearherecanonlyberepairedby
resleevingthethrottleshaft,whichforallpracticalpurposesmeansreplacingthecarburetoror
throttlebodywithaneworremanufacturedunit.

*IntakemanifoldgasketvacuumleaksTryretorquingtheintakemanifoldbolts,workingfromthe
centeroutintherecommendedtighteningsequence.Ifthatfails,theintakemanifoldwillhavetobe
removedandtheintakegasketsreplaced.Sometimesthematingsurfaceoftheintakemanifoldor
theheadswillnotbeflat(checkbothwithastraightedge).Ifwarped,theintakemanifoldand/or
headswillhavetoberesurfacedonamillingmachine.Anotherproblemtowatchoutforhereare
headsthathavebeenmilledorresurfacedtoraisecompression.Tomaintainproperalignment
betweenthemanifoldandheads,metalalsoneedstobemachinedoffthebottomofthemanifold
whereitmateswiththeblock,otherwiseitwillsittohighandtheportsandboltholeswon'talign.

*EGRvalveleaksIfthevalveisn'tclosingallthewayduetocarbondepositsonthestemorvalve
seat,cleaningmaybeallthatisneededtocuretheproblem.Otherwise,theenginewillneeda
newEGRvalve.

*LeakypowerbrakeboosterReplaceit.Butfirstmakesureitistheboosterandnotjustthe
hoseorcheckvalvethatisleaking.

GotanEngineVacuumLeak?NeedHelpNow?ClicktheBannerBelowtoAskanExpert:

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2017520 Vazamentodevcuodomotor

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