Contabilidade para Gestores

Casos Práticos
Parte I
(ano letivo 2018/2019)

Docente:
Lúcia Lima Rodrigues
Professora Catedrática de Contabilidade
Vice-Presidente da CNC
CASO Nº 1:

A Sociedade Comercial de Matosinhos, Lda. foi constituída em 1 de agosto de 2018, com um capital

social de 20 000 euros, realizado em numerário pelos sócios A.Mesquita e B.Belmiro, em partes iguais.

Entretanto, só agora decidiu passar a ter contabilidade organizada, o que implicou a realização de um

inventário, reportado a 2 de setembro de 2018, contendo os seguintes valores (em euros):

 1 500 unidades de M1 15000

 1 000 unidades de M2 20000
 Dinheiro 3000
 Empréstimo do sócio A.Mesquita 10000
 Viatura Ligeira AI-00-01 10000
 Débito do cliente C.Ribeiro 8000
 Computador I 4000
 Computador II 1000
 Depósito à ordem no Banco do Norte 3400
 Letra aceite ao fornecedor F.Pereira 6000
 Empréstimo do Banco do Sul a C.Prazo 20000
 Impostos por pagar 1500
 Letras aceites pela compra da viatura (M.Prazo) 6000
 Saque sobre o cliente M.Silva 8000
 Débito ao fornecedor H.Loureiro 4000
 Adiantamento do cliente C.Lopes 2000
 Ordenados a pagar ao empregado E.Evaristo 500
 Trespasse do estabelecimento 5000

PEDIDOS:

1. Inventário classificado da Sociedade Comercial de Matosinhos, Lda. em 02.09.2018.

2. Determinação do resultado apurado pela mesma empresa desde a data da sua constituição até à data do

inventário anterior.

3. Balanço sintético da Sociedade na mesma data.

CASO Nº 2

Supply the missing figures. Note: total assets were $ 10 000 less 20X8 than in 20X9

2008 2009

Current assets 74 000 ?

Non-current assets 112 000 86 000

Total assets ? ?

Current liabilities 23 000 ?

Non-current liabilities ? 100 000

Total liabilities ? 100 000

Owners’ equity 60 000 ?

CASO Nº 3:

3. Prepare a balance sheet from the following information and comment on the financial position of the

business Note: The business had been experiencing a downturn in sales over the past due to economic

recession

Owners’ equity ?

Cash 1 700

Accounts payable 42 250

Inventory 30 125

Motor vehicles 17 200

Bank overdraft 32 500

Accounts receivable 1 250

Office Equipment 3 600

Low interest loan to director 21 000

CASO Nº 4:

Prepare a balance sheet from the following information and comment on the financial position of the

business:

Cash 3 000

Inventory 8 000

Accounts payable 12 000

Salaries payable ?

Accounts receivable 16 000

Land and building 20 000

Plant and equipment 7 000

Furnishing and fittings 2 500

Owners’ equity 13 900

Bank loan 30 000

CASO Nº 5:

Below are the final account balances (after all adjustments) of ABC Ltd for the year ending 30 June

20X1. From these balances prepare a balance sheet and lists the accounts that would not be included in

the balance sheet

Cash 126 000

Sales discount 5 000

Accounts receivable 50 000

Inventory 88 000

Land 364 000

Plant and equipment 234 000

Accounts payable 26 000

Ninety-day bank bill payable 80 000

Long-term loan payable 45 000

Tax payable 10 000

Vehicle expenses 10 000

Cost of goods sold 40 000

 Owners’ equity 701 000

Tax expense 10 000

CASO Nº 6:

Em 5 de Janeiro de 2015 foi adquirida uma máquina por 26000 euros, tendo nesse momento o seu valor

residual sido estimado em 2000 euros e a sua vida útil em 4 anos. Elabore o quadro de amortização deste

elemento do ativo imobilizado, utilizando os seguintes métodos de amortização:

a) Método das quotas constantes;

b) Método das quotas degressivas, supondo que a taxa de amortização é duas vezes maior que a utilizada

no método anterior.

CASO Nº 7:

A empresa Self Service, S.A. decidiu reavaliar alguns dos seus elementos do ativo fixo tangível,
nomeadamente:
Ativo fixo tangível Ano de Aquisição Vida Útil Valor Bruto Método Utilizado
Terrenos e n-5 ----- 150 000 Valor Corrente de
Recursos Naturais Mercado
Equipamento n-3 6 60 000 Justo valor
básico

Sabe-se ainda que:

* O coeficiente de actualização monetária, utilizado foi de 1,35 e o método de amortização usado
é o das quotas constantes
* Após a reavaliação o valor bruto dos bens ficou o seguinte:
Terrenos e Recursos Naturais 500 000
Equipamento Básico 81 000
Pedido:
 Efectue todos os registos necessários a esta operação de reavaliação efectuada no ano N.
CASO Nº 8: Determining the cost of acquisition of a tangible asset:

• Gibbons, Co., a coffee shop, purchased a new coffee machine. The list price for
the machine is 1,500 CU. However the manufacturer is running a special offer
and Gibbons Co. obtains the machine for a price which is 20% lower than the
list price. Freight expenses for the delivery of the machine are 150 CU, and
installation and testing expenses amount to 100CU. During installation,
uninsured damages are incurred resulting in repair expenses of 200 CU.
• Required:
1. Compute the acquisition cost of the machine;
2. Show the impact on financial statements.

CASO Nº 9: Multiple choice questions:

Select the right answer:
1. The most appropriate method of depreciation of land is:
(a) The straight-line method;
(b) The declining balance method;
(c) Either method;
(d) None of these.
2. Depreciation will directly generate:
(a) An increase in cash;
(b) An increase in liabilities;
(c) A decrease in liabilities;
(d) A decrease in assets;
(e) A decrease in cash.
3. At the end of the useful life of a tangible asset originally purchased for 100 CU and
fully depreciated over five years, the gross value is:
(a) 0
(b) 100
(c) 20
(d) None of these.
4. Companies can only use one method of depreciation for all of their depreciation
assets:
(a) True;
(b) False.
9. When using the double-declining balance method, in calculating the annual
depreciation expense, the depreciation rate is multiplied by the:
(a) Purchase cost of the asset;
(b) Fair value of the asset at the beginning of the period;
(c) Depreciable amount;
(d) Book value at the beginning of that year;
(e) None of these.

CASO 10: Discussion questions:

1. Give some arguments in favour of two different methods of depreciation;
2. Does depreciation provide or consume Cash?
3. Does the acquisition of a tangible asset influence net income?

CASO 11: Determining the cost of acquisition –recording the acquisition and the
depreciation:
 • Britten Inc is a large European civil engineering and construction enterprise.
They have just finished building for their own use, a large hangar that will serve
as both a warehouse for their inventory of raw construction materials and as a
garage for idle equipment between assignments. Construction began on 14 July
X1 and was completed on 1 October of the same year. Resources consumed by
the construction projects were:
 Raw materials which were already in inventory for an amount of 10,000 CU;
 Labour costs amounting to 20,000 CU.
• This type of light construction is generally depreciated over 10 years and
Britten, Inc. chose to use the double-declining balance method. The residual
value of the building will be essentially zero. The hangar will be fully
depreciated by:
 Either switching to the straight-line method when the double double-declining
rate on the balance sheet becomes smaller than the straight –line rate over the
remaining years;
 Or switching to straight-line method at the mid-point of useful life of the hangar.
• The closing date is 31 December.

• Required:
1. Record the cost of the hangar (depreciable amount).
2. Prepare the depreciation schedule under both possibilities for switching to
straight-line, assuming that the hangar is fully depreciated at the end of year
X10. Record the depreciation allowance pertaining to the hangar in the income
statement of Britten Inc. for the year ended 31 December X1

CASE 11: Intangible assets

• Multiple choice questions
• Select the right answer:
1. An example of an item that is not an intangible asset is:
(a) Patent
(b) Goodwill
(c) Computer
(d) Computer software

Trademark
2. An example of a trademark which should unambiguously be capitalized is:
(a) The logo of a business school designed and created by the school;
(b) The trademark “Chivas” acquired by Pernod Ricard within its purchase of the
whole Seagram company;
(c) The name of the “Oneworld”, referring to a group of airlines including, among
others, American Airlines, British Airways, and Cathay Pacifid.
(d) None of these.

3. Albeniz Company spent 500 CU throughout X1 in promoting a not well known

trademark it created internally during that same year. This trademark is supposed to
have an indefinite life. The company applies IFRS/IAS GAAP in its financial
statements. It should be
(a) Capitalized and amortized over 40 years;
 (b) Capitalized and not amortized but tested for impairment;
(c) Not capitalized and expensed in X1;
(d) Capitalized and amortized over 20 years;
(e) None of these

4. Training costs are

(a) Capitalized and amortized over 40 years;
(b) Capitalized and not amortized but tested for impairment;
(c) Not capitalized and expensed;
(d) Capitalized and amortized over 20 years;
(e) None of them.

Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa

CASE 12: The following cash flow statement is available for the Bee Pee Company:

Cash flow from operating activities 20X0 20X1

• Receipts from customers 3 000 3 000
• Payments to suppliers and employees (2 500) (2 600)
• Interest received 60 35
• Interest paid (75) (150)
• Taxation paid (17) (13)
• Net cash from operating activities 468 272
Cash flow from investing activities
• Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (250) (1 800)
• Proceeds from sale of non current assets 50 200
• Net cash from investing activities (200) (1 600)
Cash flow from financing activities
• Short-term borrowing 1 450
• Long-term borrowing 40
• Dividends paid (200) (200)
• Net cash from investing activities (160) 1 250
Net increase (decrease) in cash held 108 (78)
Add opening cash brought forward (50) 58
Closing cash carried forward 58 (20)

Required:
Analyse the cash flow statement for Bee Pee. What changes to the cash management
policies would you recommend to the company? Should the company continue to pay a
dividend?

Cash Flow Statement

• Multiple-choice questions
• Select the right answer:
 1. Which of the following cannot be the main objective of a cash flow statement?
(a) To provide relevant information on the cash receipts and cash payments of an
enterprise during a period;
(b) To explain changes in cash in the same way as the income statement explains
the components that comprise the net income;
(c) To provide information on the operating, financing and investing activities of an
entity and the effects of those activities on cash resources;
(d) To explain the changes in working capital between opening and close balance
sheets;
(e) To report on a standard basis the cash generation and cash absorption for a
period;
(f) To provide relevant information to users of the cash inflows and cash outflows
of an entity during a report period;
(g) To provide information on the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents.
2. Which of following would not integrated in the computation of the cash flow from
operating activities?
(a) Cash received from costumers;
(b) Cash paid to suppliers;
(c) Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets;
(d) Depreciation and amortization.
3. Dividends received are usually included in:
(a) Operating activities;
(b) Investing activities;
(c) Financing activities.

Statement of changes in equity (Demonstração da Variação nos Capitais Próprios)

CASO Nº 13:

• Holmen (formerly MoDo) is a Swedish group manufacturing and selling newsprint and
magazine paper, as well as a paperboard. Its financial statements are prepared in accordance
with Swedish GAAP. The 2004 financial statements contain the following information on
“equity” for the year ended 31 December 2004:
Equity 2004 2003
Share capital 4,238 3,999
Restricted Reserves 4,349 4,249
Non-restricted reserves 3,939 5,555
Profit for the year 1,211 1,451
Total 13,737 15,254

Conversion and subscription of shares have taken place in 2004 with an impact of 239 MSEK
on share capital and 235 MSEK on restricted reserves. Profit for the year 2003 has been
appropriated and transferred to non-restricted reserves. At the same time, dividends taken from
these non-restricted reserves have been distributed: 800 MSEK (ordinary dividends) and 2,399
MSEK (extra-dividends). Some currency differences affected negatively the restricted reserves
(3 MSEK). Finally, an accounting transfer of 132 MSEK has occurred from restricted reserves
to non-restricted reserves.
Required:
Prepare the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity for the year 2004 using the format
recommended in IAS 1.

CASO Nº14:

Waterloo Ltd

Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 30 June 20X5

Share capital Reserves Retained Earnings Total

Balance at 1 July 20X3 500 400 100 1000
Gain on land revaluation 50 50
Available for sale
financial assets:
unrealised gain (loss) ? ?
Foreign currency cash flow hedges
Gains on current hedges (net of tax) 50 50
Net income recognized directly in equity ?
Profit and loss for the year
(from the income statement) 200 200
Total recognized income and expense
?
Dividends (100) (100)
Balance at 30 June 20X4 500 460 200 1160

Required:

A) Determine the missing figures

B) Explain the importance of the total recognized income and expense for the period
C) Using the information from the previous question, prepare a statement of changes in
equity for Waterloo Ltd for the year ended 30 June 20X5, given the following
information:
• Net profits for the period: $130m
• Dividends: $110m
• The fair value of the cash flow hedges declined by $15m
• Land was revalued by $25.