Aula 06 - Question Words (WH Questions) - Contraction - Quantifiers

AFA
2024
AULA 06
Question Words / Contraction / Quantifiers
Prof. Leonardo Pontes
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AULA 06 – Question Words / Contraction / Quantifiers
Sumário
1. INTRODUÇÃO 3
2. QUESTION WORDS 4
What 4
Which 5
When 7
Where 8
Why 8
Who/Whom 9
Whose 11
How 12
3. CONTRACTION 14
Contractions with letter “s” 14
Contraction: verb to be 16
Contraction: do and did 17
contraction: will 18
Contraction: verb have in the present perfect 18
contraction: verb have in the past 20
contraction: Modal verbs 21
Contraction: ain’t 22
4. QUANTIFIERS 23
5.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 26
5.1 GABARITO 94
6. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 95
7.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 196
8.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 196
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9.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 197
1. Introdução
Vamos, então, à nossa aula sobre alguns tópicos que estão sempre presentes nas provas:
Question Words, Contraction e Quantifiers.
As Question Words são os pronomes interrogativos, e são utilizados para elaborar
perguntas que trazem a ideia de lugar, tempo, razão/motivo, maneira, entre outros
As Contractions, ou contrações em português, são as palavras que trazem o apóstrofo e
são utilizadas para encurtar e tornar mais simples o uso da língua no cotidiano dos falantes
nativos.
Os Quantifiers são as palavras utilizadas para atribuir noção de quantidade às coisas das
quais falamos, sendo que temos substantivos contáveis e incontáveis, que são determinantes
para sabermos qual determinante usar em cada situação.
Ter conhecimento sobre esses temas é algo que, certamente, deixará você um passo mais
próximo da aprovação.
Conte comigo nesse processo e vamos juntos até o seu nome aparecer na lista de aprovados!!!
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2. Question Words
Os Question Words são pronomes interrogativos utilizados para elaborar perguntas em
Inglês. Eles são empregados antes dos verbos auxiliares e modais para se questionar algo. Vale
lembrar que, em Português, podemos transformar qualquer afirmação em pergunta somente
mudando a entonação, mas não em Inglês, como você tem visto em nossas aulas.
Muitas vezes, os question words são chamados Wh Questions porque eles contêm as letras
“W” e “H” em sua estrutura, veja:
• What (O quê/qual);
• Which (O quê/qual);
• When (Quando);
• Who (Quem);
• When (Quando);
• Why (Por quê);
• How (Como), entre outros que estudaremos.
What
What significa o quê/qual e é usado para perguntar sobre objetos, situações, assuntos
diversos e tudo aquilo que não sabemos. É o Wh question mais genérico de todos e,
consequentemente, o mais usado em textos dos mais variados tipos.
A pergunta feita com WHAT é genérica, como abaixo, qual é o seu nome, endereço, o que
você gosta, que horas são e o que você faz, a resposta pode ser qualquer uma e não possui
escolhas, como entre duas ou mais coisas que você goste.
Se perguntar “do que você gosta?” – What do you like, a resposta pode ser o que vier em
sua mente, diferente de WHICH, que veremos a seguir.
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WHAT'S
YOUR
NAME?
WHAT'S
WHAT DO
YOUR
YOU DO?
ADDRESS?
WHAT
WHAT
WHAT DO
TIME IS
YOU LIKE?
IT?
Which
Which também significa o quê/qual porém, é usado quando temos opções limitadas,
escolhas. Enquanto what é usado para perguntas de um modo geral, o which é usado quando são
oferecidas opções de respostas.
Por exemplo, a pergunta sobre o que você gosta – “What do you like?”, usando o which,
você, provavelmente, precisaria escolher algo que gosta, como: “Which do you like, pizza or ice-
cream?”, em que sua resposta tem que ser uma das duas ou mais opções.
Veja outros exemplos:
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WHAT DO YOU EAT IN
THE MORNING? WHICH DO YOU EAT IN THE
MORNING, BREAD OR TOAST?
WHICH NAME
DO YOU
PREFER, TOM
OR JOHN?
WHICH JOB IS WHICH CITY

BETTER, WOULD YOU
BEING A LIVE, NEW
TEACHER OR YORK OR
A LAWYER? LONDON?
WHICH
WHICH KIND
WHICH DO
OF MOVIE DO
YOU LIKE IN
YOU LIKE THE
THE MORNING,
MOST,
MILK OR
SUSPENSE OR
JUICE?
DRAMA?
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When
When significa quando e é usado para saber sobre tempo/período ou ocasião - quando
algo aconteceu, acontece ou irá acontecer.
WHEN IS
YOUR
BIRTHDAY?
WHEN ARE WHEN DID

YOU GOING YOU
TO DECIDE? GRADUATE?
WHEN?
WHEN WILL WHEN DO

YOU TRAVEL YOU GO TO
AGAIN? THE GYM?
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Where
Where significa onde e é usado para saber sobre local, localização.
WHERE IS
YOUR
SCHOOL?
WHERE CAN WHERE DO

YOU LEAVE YOU WORK
YOUR CAR? OUT?
WHERE?
WHERE WILL WHERE DID

YOU YOU GO
GRADUATE? YESTERDAY?
Why
Why significa por que e é usado para saber o motivo, a razão de algo acontecer, ter
acontecido ou o porquê de aquilo acontecer. A resposta é sempre because – why para perguntar
e because para responder.
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WHY ARE YOU
TIRED?
BECAUSE I
STUDIED A
LOT.
WHY ARE YOU
LEAVING? WHY DO YOU
BECAUSE I STUDY?
HAVE TO GO. BECAUSE I
WANT TO BE
WHY? APPROVED.
WHY WILL WHY DID YOU

YOU TRAVEL? GET LATE?
BECAUSE I'M BECAUSE OF
ON VACATION. THE TRAFFIC.
Who/Whom
Who e Whom significam quem, para saber sobre pessoas mas, são usados em diferentes
situações – enquanto who tem a função de sujeito, whom tem a função de objeto, como vou
mostrar abaixo.
Se a pergunta for “Quem é o ator principal desse filme?”, é “Who is this movie leading
actor?” (a resposta do who será o ator, que é o sujeito da pergunta).
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Mas, se a pergunta for “Sobre quem é esse filme?”, é “Whom is this movie about?” (a
resposta será sobre quem é o filme, sendo o sujeito da frase o filme e não sobre quem é). Sobre
quem é o objeto. O whom faz exatamente esse papel: de objeto direto ou indireto nas frases.
E ainda podem aparecer perguntas com preposições, como a preposição “to” no seguinte
exemplo: “To whom was she talking?” (Com quem ela estava falando?), também na função de
objeto.
WHO ARE
YOU
TALKING TO?
WHO IS THE
AUTHOR?
WHOM IS WHO IS YOUR
THIS STORY TEACHER?
ABOUT?
WHO?
WHOM?
TO WHOM WITH WHOM

SHOULD I DID YOU GO
TALK? OUT?
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Whose
Whose significa de quem e é usado para saber quem é o dono de algo, para saber a quem
pertence alguma coisa. É sempre seguido de um nome e um verbo.
WHOSE PEN IS
THIS?
WHOSE BOOK IS WHOSE

THIS? TEACHER IS
THE BEST?
WHOSE?
WHOSE CARDS WHOSE ARE

ARE THOSE? THOSE BOOKS?
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How
Usamos a Question Word HOW (como) quando queremos perguntar a forma como algo é
feito e a condição ou qualidade. Veja alguns exemplos abaixo e outros para melhor compreensão.
HOW ARE
HOW FAST YOU HOW MANY
IS THAT DOING? STUDENTS?
BUS? HOW MUCH
MONEY?
HOW HIGH IS
THE
MONUMENT? HOW OLD
ARE YOU?
HOW?
HOW
OFTEN DO HOW FAR
YOU IS YOUR
STUDY? WORK?
HOW BIG
IS YOUR HOW TALL
HOUSE? ARE YOU?
Outros exemplos:
How was your class? - Como está sua aula?

How do you cook vegetables? - Como você cozinha verduras?
How do you know his name? - Como você sabe o nome dele?
How can I speak English fast? - Como eu posso falar Inglês rápido?
How old: usado para perguntar a idade de alguém ou algo.

How old is you mother? Quantos anos tem sua mãe?
How old is this building? Quantos anos tem esse edifício?
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How long: usando para perguntar há quanto tempo, quanto tempo.
How long have you been studying? Há quanto tempo você tem estudado?
How far: usando para perguntar a distância entre uma coisa e outra.
How far is the hotel from the school? Qual é a distância entre o hotel e a escola?
How many: quantos - usado para substantivos contáveis, quando o plural é possível.
How many students can you see? Quantos alunos você consegue ver?
How much: quanto - usado para substantivos incontáveis, quando o plural não é possível.
How much money do you need? Quanto de dinheiro você precisa?
How much sugar would you like? Quanto de açúcar você gostaria?
Preparei uma tabela para você:
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3. Contraction
Contractions – as contrações em Inglês – são termos que, muitas vezes, deixam as pessoas
em dúvida porque, apesar de ser um recurso considerado facilitador da comunicação, pode gerar
confusão na hora da leitura e, é claro, na comunicação em geral.
Uma contração pode ser definida como uma forma reduzida de uma palavra ou uma
combinação de palavras. As contrações são formas encurtadas de certas palavras, com a omissão
de algumas letras.
Quando um falante da língua inglesa se expressa (seja um americano ou um britânico ou
de qualquer lugar em que se fala Inglês como língua oficial), é típico que essas pessoas, já
familiarizadas com sua língua materna, falem um pouco mais rápido e usem abreviações e
contrações, assim como nós, brasileiros, usamos algumas também quando falamos e escrevemos.
Mas, algumas contrações são usadas com outro propósito, que não é a informalidade ou
gíria mas, por sua vez, utilizadas por causa de regras específicas que estabelecem seu uso, como
veremos adiante.
As Contrações acontecem quando, basicamente, há uma omissão de algumas letras e a
adição do apóstrofo para sinalizar e mostrar que ali há uma palavra contraída. Ou, para indicar
posse, como estudaremos, entre outras funções. Vejamos algumas das contrações mais comuns.
Contractions with letter “s”

Quando pensamos em contractions, a primeira coisa que vem à nossa mente são palavras
que, possuem contrações e apóstrofos em sua composição porque não estão sendo usadas de
acordo com as regras que as regem. E, ainda imagina-se que, palavras com apóstrofos, estão
abreviadas porque estão sendo usadas informalmente mas não é sempre assim.
No caso de palavras com contrações que utilizam o apóstrofo e a letra “s”, pode ser que
estejamos diante de um caso de posse, ou seja, demonstrando que algo pertence a alguém. Trata-
se do Genitive Case, quando o apóstrofo “s” é utilizado para indicar a posse de algo.
Veja:
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• Roger has a computer. (Roger tem um computador).
• Roger’s computer is modern. (O computador de Roger é moderno).
O apóstrofo em união à letra “s” no final de substantivos, tem a função de posse em relação
ao sujeito da frase.
Outro caso em que usamos essa estrutura é quando queremos nos referir a um grupo ou
uma família, por exemplo, dizer que a casa de praia é da família Smith – “This is the Smith’s beach
house (Essa é a casa de praia dos “Smith”).
Veja outro exemplo:
• This is the Hangton’s dog. (Este é o cachorro dos Hangton – dessa família).
É importante lembrar que, em palavras já terminadas em “s”, quando vamos demonstrar

posse, usa-se apenas o apóstrofo, sem letra “s”, veja:
• No reply is my favorite Beatles’ song. (No reply é a minha música dos Beatles favorita).
Como o nome da banda é The Beatles e já possui a letra “s” no fim da palavra, apenas se
acrescenta o apóstrofo e a condição de posse é estabelecida. Por isso, cuidado se, na prova,
houver alternativas dizendo que as contrações são formas de abreviar sempre com a intenção de
diminuir palavras ou poupar tempo.
Vimos que, algumas vezes, a estrutura com “‘s” são exemplificações de frases que indicam
posse. E o apóstrofo, junto à letra “s”, também pode ser o verbo to be, como veremos agora.
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Contraction: verb to be
Já estudamos o verbo to be na aula sobre tempos verbais e vimos as possíveis contrações
mas, não falamos das particularidades que podem aparecer em provas de vestibular em relação
à letra “s”, quando você precisa definir se é verbo to be ou verbo have, ambos na terceira pessoa,
usados com apóstrofo e a letra S.
Primeiro, vamos relembrar a conjugação com as devidas abreviações no presente e
passado:
Observe que, para os sujeitos He, She e It, no presente, foi mostrada a forma da contração
apenas representada pelo apóstrofo e a letra “s”.
Na construção do tempo verbal Presente Perfect, devemos utilizar o verbo “to have”como
auxiliar, conforme visto na aula de verbos. Quando temos esse tempo verbal conjugado na
terceira pessoa do singular, ou seja, com os sujeitos He/She/it, pode-se contrair o auxiliar “has”,
formando as palavras she’s / He’s / It’s, referindo-se a she has / He has / It has.
Aposto que, ao ler este último parágrafo, você já percebeu onde mora o problema, não é?
Por exemplo, She’s pode significar She is ou She has. Você somente poderá diferenciar essas
contrações analisando o contexto no qual elas estão inseridas.
Se o contexto sugere uma qualidade ou um estado (cansado, satisfeito, doente etc.), então
a contração será do verbo to be (is). Mas caso o contexto sugira uma ação sendo executada, então
estamos falando do verbo TO HAVE sendo utilizado no Present Perfect.
Outra dica é perceber se, depois da contração, há um verbo conjugado no particípio, pois
esse verbo é parte da estrutura do Present Perfect, veja:
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• HE IS = HE’S
• HE HAS = HE’S
• HE IS INTERESTING (Ele é interessante) – A contração fica: HE’S INTERESTING.
• HE HAS DONE A GREAT JOB. (Ele fez um excelente trabalho) - A contração fica: HE’S DONE A GREAT
JOB.
Contraction: do and did

Também já estudamos os auxiliares do e did na aula sobre tempos verbais. Estão aqui
devidamente citados para relembrar a estrutura de cada um deles.
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contraction: will
O auxiliar will, também já estudado na aula de tempos verbais, como uma das formas de
se demonstrar o que ainda vai acontecer, possui as seguintes formas com contrações:
A dica aqui é apenas prestar atenção para não confundir palavras terminadas em “ll” (bell,
well, doll, bull, entre outras) com palavras abreviadas e que usam o apóstrofo e duas letras “L”
(He’ll.., she’ll..., they’ll...), certo?
Contraction: verb have in the present perfect

Já falamos brevemente sobre a contração do verbo TO HAVE, quando parte da estrutura
do Present Perfect. Vamos ver mais detalhadamente e observar alguns exemplos para entender
melhor.
Em relação ao auxiliar have, devemos ficar atentos sobre as contrações com apóstrofo,
pois, nas terceiras pessoas do singular (he, she, it), a estrutura ficará igual às contrações do verbo
to be, apenas com a letra “s”.
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Para não confundir você, observe se há um verbo no particípio após o apóstrofo com “s”
pois, como estudamos nos tempos verbais, se, logo após o “has”, conjugado para as terceiras
pessoas, houver um verbo no particípio, é a estrutura convencional de Present Perfect.
E, analisando dessa forma, confirma-se que a contração encontrada é o apóstrofo com s
(‘s) de “has” e não de “is”, certo? Veja as contrações para todos os sujeitos e exemplos:
She’s studied a lot = She has studied a lot. (Ela tem estudado muito/Ela estuda muito)
She’s a good student = She is a good student. (Ela é uma boa aluna.)
Assim como o verbo to have no presente pode gerar confusão em relação à abreviação do
verbo to be quando é apóstrofo e a letra s, o verbo to have no passado também gera dúvidas em
relação a um auxiliar que já estudamos. Vejamos agora para deixar claras as diferenças.
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contraction: verb have in the past
Em relação ao auxiliar have conjugado no passado, devemos ficar atentos sobre as
contrações com apóstrofo e a letra “d”, pois a estrutura ficará igual às frases em que se utilizam
contrações do auxiliar would, apenas com a letra “d”.
Para não confundir você, observe se há um verbo no particípio após o apóstrofo com “d”
pois, como estudamos, se, logo após o “had”, houver um verbo no particípio, estamos diante da
estrutura convencional de Past Perfect. Analisando dessa forma, se o próximo verbo não estiver
no particípio e sim no infinitivo (forma original), a contração é would (‘d).
• She’d studied a lot before she passed the test = She had studied a lot before she passed the
test. (Ela tinha estudado muito/Ela estudou muito)
• She’d study if she had time = She would study if she had time. (Ela estudaria se tivesse tempo.)
Agora, vejamos contrações com os verbos modais.
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contraction: Modal verbs
Os verbos modais, quando usados com as contrações, em suas formas negativas, ficam
conforme o quadro abaixo.
As contrações dos verbos modais são fáceis de serem identificadas já que, muitas vezes,
ao invés de aparecer as formas abreviadas, é mais comum aparecer o “not” junto ao verbo modal.
E , no caso do “can”, o not vem “colado” palavra com palavra, veja exemplos de alguns
modais mais comuns em textos:
• She cannot go = She can’t go. (Ela não pode/não consegue ir)
• She should not go = She shouldn’t go. (Ela não deveria ir)
• She must not go = She mustn’t go. (Ela está proibida de ir)
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Agora, vejamos um exemplo de contraction que é muito comum na linguagem falada dos
nativos da língua, porém gramaticalmente incorreta e, portanto, raramente presente nos textos
de prova, mas pode aparecer em diálogos informais ou charges ou como demonstração de frases
informais.
Contraction: ain’t
A contração “ain’t” pode significar muitas palavras negativas. É um termo que pode
substituir e representar as contrações am not, is not, are not, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, there isn’t,
there aren’t, has not e have not. Veja exemplos:
• I ain’t working now = I’m not working now. (Eu não estou trabalhando agora).
• He ain’t worried about it = He isn’t worried about it. (Ele não está preocupado com isso).
• She ain’t good at Geography = She isn’t good at Geography. (Ela não é boa em Geografia).
• They ain’t the best students = They aren’t the best students. (Eles não são os melhores alunos).
• I ain’t got a car = I haven’t got a car. (Eu não tenho um carro).
• I ain’t know that = I didn’t know that. (Eu não sabia disso).
• You ain’t seen everything! = You have not seen everything! (Você não viu tudo!)
• Ain’t no one like you= There isn’t anyone like you. (Não há ninguém como você).
• Ain’t no friends like you, guys. = There aren’t friends like you, guys. (Eu não tenho um carro).
• He ain’t heard anything = He hasn’t heard anything. (Ele não ouviu nada).
Essa forma “ain’t” de negação não é comum nos textos de prova mas, como eu disse sobre
todas as abreviações e contrações que usamos, podem aparecer palavras em tirinhas, charges ou
no meio de um texto, para fazer algum tipo de referência.
Agora, vamos estudar os Quantifiers.
Let’s go!!!!
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4. Quantifiers
Os determinantes – quantifiers, são expressões usadas para indicar informações a respeito
da quantidade de alguma coisa. Para estudar e entender bem os tipos de quantifiers, é importante
lembrar de quando estudamos os substantivos.
Você lembra que havia substantivos classificados com contáveis – countable – aqueles que
podemos contar, não necessitando de nenhuma unidade de medida, permitindo a forma singular
e plural, e os substantivos incontáveis – uncountable – que não podemos contar, tornando-se
necessária uma unidade de medida ou o uso de quantidades indeterminadas (muito, pouco...).
Esses substantivos só apresentam a forma singular. Agora vejamos os quantifiers que mais
aparecem na sua prova:
“Much”, “Many” e “A Lot of”
As três palavras indicam a mesma coisa: uma grande quantidade. No entanto, o uso de
cada um depende exatamente do tipo de substantivo que há na frase:
• “Much” é usado nos casos de substantivos não-contáveis.

Example: How much sugar do you need? A few. Quanto de açúcar você precisa? Um pouco.
• “Many” é usado nos casos de substantives contáveis.

Example: How many students are there? Six. Quantos estudantes estão lá? Seis.
• “A lot of” é usado em ambos os casos.

Example: I have a lot of things to do. Eu tenho muitas coisas pra fazer.
I have a lot of work to do. Eu tenho muito trabalho a fazer
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“Too” e “So”
Esses dois pronomes são usados para intensificar algo. A diferença é que “too” dá a
impressão de exagero, às vezes com uma ideia negativa, enquanto “so” indica uma grande
quantidade, sempre com ideia positiva.
Examples: There is too much traffic jam in SP. = Há congestionamento demais em SP.
I love you so much. = Eu te amo muito.
“Little”, “Few” e “Enough”
Os quantifiers “little” e “few” significam uma pequena quantidade de alguma coisa. A

diferença entre os dois é que enquanto “little” se refere aos substantivos não-contáveis, “few” se
refere aos contáveis.
Examples: There are few people in the classroom. = Há poucas pessoas na sala de aula.
Add a little sugar, please. = Adicione um pouco de açúcar, por favor.
Por sua vez, “enough” se refere a algo suficiente, podendo ser usado tanto para substantivos
contáveis como incontáveis.
Examples: There isn’t enough food. = Essa comida não é suficiente/ não é o bastante.
I drove fast enough to get there in time. Eu dirigi rápido o suficiente/ o bastante para chegar
lá na hora.
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Então, “enough” significa suficiente ou bastante, certo? Mas não basta saber a tradução.
preciso saber como usar enough em Inglês de forma correta. Afinal, enough pode ser usado com
várias classes gramaticais em inglês.
Mas, o que importa mesmo é aprender como identificar enough nos textos da sua prova.
Ainda podemos usar enough em algumas expressões fixas, veja:
ü Enough is enough! I don’t want to argue anymore. (Já chega! Não quero mais discutir.)
ü I’m just annoyed with her because she’s behaved so badly. Fair enough! ( Eu só estou chateada com
ela porque ela se comportou muito mal. Nada mais justo!)
ü I can’t eat anymore. I’ve had enough. (Não aguento mais comer. Estou satisfeito/cheio.)
ü I’ve had enough of your excuses (Já estou cheio de suas desculpas/cansado de suas desculpas.)
ü The doctors tried everything they could, but it was not enough to save him. (Os médicos tentaram
tudo que podiam, mas não foi suficiente para salvá-lo.)
ü You’ve been practicing the flute all afternoon. Enough! (Você tocou flauta a tarde inteira. Basta!
Chega!)
Vamos aos exercícios para praticar os assuntos abordados na aula de hoje e massificar o
conteúdo em sua mente.
Let’s go!
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5.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA)

In “I was wondering if you’d like to come and spend a few days at the shore.” (lines 9 and 10), the
underlined letter is a contracted form of:
a) had
b) did
c) would
d) do
Read the dialogue and answer questions 2 and 3.
Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired.

Mom: He may have stayed up all night.
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) “May”, in bold type in the dialogue, expresses
a) impossibility.
b) possibility.
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c) permission.
d) certainty.
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) “So”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning
to
a) such
b) much
c) many
d) very
Read the paragraph below and answer question 4.

In 1829, a poor tailor in Paris, Barthelémy Thimonnier, invented the first sewing machine in the
world and made eighty of them.
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Which of the following questions cannot be

answered with information from the text?
a) Where did the inventor of the first sewing machine die?

b) Who was the inventor of the first sewing machine?
c) When was the first sewing machine invented?
d) How many sewing machines were made?
Read the text and answer question 5.

Spain warned of dire impact of second coronavirus lockdown
As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases, a chorus of voices is warning
that another lockdown could have dire consequences for a country that just months ago
emerged from one of Europe’s strictest confinements.
While cases of the virus have climbed across Europe, Spain has led the pack in recent days.
More than 78,000 cases have been detected in the past two weeks, pushing the 14-day infection
rate to 166 per 100,000, compared with 67 in France and 22 in the UK.
The steady rise has raised the spectre of fresh lockdowns in the coming weeks, particularly in
Madrid where unions have warned that the primary care system is “on the edge of collapse”,
due to a lack of staff and testing resources.
“If things continue as they are going, we’ll probably have to return to some sort of
confinement, at least partially,” José Felix Hoyo Jiménez of the Spanish non-profit Médicos del
Mundo told the broadcaster TeleMadrid on Monday. While the recent rise had been steady, it
was likely to be less pronounced than what the country experienced in March and April, he
added.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25)
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita)

According to the text, choose the best response.
27
In “As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases.”, we can infer
that___________.
a) the authorities are embracing the surge in coronavirus cases
b) the authorities are enjoying the surge in coronavirus cases
c) the authorities are accepting the surge in coronavirus cases
d) the authorities are fighting against the surge in coronavirus cases
Read the text and answer questions 6 and 7

Ugandan gorillas in Bwindi park have 'baby boom'
Five baby gorillas have been born in six weeks in Bwindi National Park, leading the Ugandan
Wildlife Service (UWS) to declare a baby boom.
Announcing the latest birth, the UWS said: "The Rushegura gorilla family welcomes another
bouncing cute baby gorilla".
Seven babies have been born since January compared to three for the whole of 2019,
according to the UWS.
Mountain gorillas are endangered with just over 1,000 in existence.
The UWS told the BBC that this year was unprecedented for gorilla births but it is not clear why
there has been this uptick.
The five recent births were to different families, not to the same family, as we initially
reported.
BBC Africa correspondent Catherine Byaruhanga says the baby boom comes as the parks are
testing out visits to primate locations, which were stopped due to coronavirus.
In March, most of Uganda's tourism sector was shut down and the industry is slowly opening
up but primates are of particular concern as they share so much of our DNA.
Now, small groups of visitors are allowed into protected areas as new safety procedures, such
as wearing face masks and social distancing, are tried out.
Poaching has also been a major worry for authorities especially during the lockdown.
In July, a man was sentenced to 11 years in prison over the killing of Rafiki, a silverback gorilla
in Bwindi.
Around 400 gorillas live in Bwindi, in 10 family groups.
The mountain gorilla species is restricted to protected areas in the Democratic Republic of
Congo, Rwanda and Uganda.
As well as in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, they can also be found in a network of parks
in the Virunga Massif range of mountains which straddle the borders of the three countries.
In 2018, the mountain gorilla was removed from the list of critically endangered species by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature, after intensive conservation efforts, including
anti-poaching patrols, paid off.
The IUCN now classifies the species as endangered.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53997900)
6. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that __________
a) The Rushegura gorilla family has been without new cubs for a while
b) There was a rise in the birth of baby gorillas in Uganda
28
c) The births of gorilla pups did not contribute to the direction of the species' existence
d) Despite the high in 2020, the year of 2019 had more births of baby gorillas
7. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, the mountain gorilla
a) Nowadays, it is an endangered species

b) Was never a species considered endangered
c) It was once an endangered species but today it is no longer
d) Has always been considered an endangered species
Read the paragraph and answer questions 8 and 9

Trump Isn’t Here to Serve the People
He has shown that we need new laws to constrain a president who seeks unchecked power.
Desperate to salvage his presidency, Donald Trump is inciting racial violence by encouraging
armed vigilantes to confront protesters angry over the killing and maiming of unarmed Black
people by the police. The president is stoking civil conflict to distract voters from his failed
leadership and strengthen his electoral prospects.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/opinion/trump-corruption-
democracy.html)
8. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the paragraph, is correct to say that
a) President Trump does not support racial violence

b) President Trump is trying to deceive the people
c) The protests against racial violence are peaceful
d) Trump isn’t trying to save his presidency
9. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “salvage”, underlined in the paragraph, has the
same meaning as
a) Redeem
b) Abandon
c) Forfeit
d) Deliver
Read the comic strip and answer question 10
29
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2020/10/12)
10. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the comic
strip
a) The little boy likes going to bed early

b) The little boy has an erroneous impression of his parents' wishes
c) The little boy can do what he wants
d) The little boy has the same desires as his parents
Read the comic strip and answer question 11 and 12
(Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=dt)
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to complete the blank
a) No.
b) Does it.
c) At all.
d) Doesn’t it.
strip
a) The employee’s statement was used against him

b) The employer got happy because his employee worked fast
30
c) The employer thinks the employee deserves more money than he earns
d) Both of them are happy with the employee’s performance

A 12-year-old found a 69 million-year-old dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad
Nathan Hrushkin _____ to be a paleontologist for as long as he can remember, and the 12-
year-old has already made a significant discovery.
He found a partially unearthed dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad this summer at a
conservation site in the Horseshoe Canyon in the Badlands of Alberta, Canada.
"It's pretty amazing to find something that's like real, like an actual dinosaur discovery," he told
CNN. "It's kind of been my dream for a while."
The fossil was a humerus bone from the arm of a juvenile hadrosaur -- a duck-billed dinosaur
that lived about 69 million years ago, according to a news release from the Nature Conservancy
of Canada.
Nathan and his dad, Dion, had found bone fragments in the area on a previous hike and
thought that they might have washed down from farther up the hill.
They were just finishing lunch when Nathan climbed up the hill to take a look.
"He called down to me, he's like, 'Dad, you need to get up here,' and as soon as he said that I
could tell by the tone in his voice that he found something," Dion Hrushkin said.
Nathan said the fossil was very obvious and it looked like "a scene on a TV show or a cartoon or
something."
They sent pictures of the bone to the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which identified
the fossil and sent a team of paleontologists to the site.
Fossils are protected by law in Alberta, and the NCC said that it is important that people don't
disturb any fossils they may find.
The crew has been working at the site for about two months and uncovered between 30 and
50 bones that came from a single young hadrosaur that was about three or four years old,
according to the statement.
Hadrosaur bones are the most common fossils found in Alberta's badlands, but few juvenile
skeletons have been found, the statement said. It was also found in a layer of rock that rarely
preserves fossils.
"This young hadrosaur is a very important discovery because it comes from a time interval for
which we know very little about what kind of dinosaurs or animals lived in Alberta," François
Therrien, the Royal Tyrrell Museum's curator of dinosaur palaeoecology, said in the statement.
"Nathan and Dion's find will help us fill this big gap in our knowledge of dinosaur evolution."
The fossils were very close together, so the paleontologists removed large pieces of the
surrounding rock from the canyon walls.
One of the fossil-rich slabs weighed about 1,000 pounds and was more than four feet wide,
according to Carys Richards, a communications manager with the NCC.
Nathan had heard of the hadrosaur before his big find but said it wasn't the most well-known
dinosaur.
It's probably his favorite now -- beating out the wildly popular Tyrannosaurus rex.
Nathan and his dad have come to watch the dig several times since the discovery and were
there on Thursday when the team was hauling out the last specimens.
31
"It was pretty fun to be there and watch them do their things," Nathan said.
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/16/world/canada-dinosaur-find-12-year-old-trnd-scn/index.html)
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the text
a) Although unexpected, Nathan's discovery was not important

b) The work with fossils from the crew of paleontologists is not easy and fast
c) The dinosaur found by Nathan was already well known, as well as the time it lived
d) Nathan was not very impacted by the discovery
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that
a) Finding something rare is impossible

b) Nathan and his father were intrigued by the discovery only the day it happened
c) The most unexpected can happen at any time
d) Despite being a small animal in stature, it was a huge discovery
Read Text VI to do questions 15 and 16 according to it
Text VI
Apple Electric Car

The Apple company changed business with electronics when it made the first iPhone. In
2015, Apple started to think about making an electric car without a driver, and a lot of
people think that it will be special, too.
Nobody really knows much about Apple´s plans for an electric car because the company
keeps they secret. To build a factory for electric cars takes a lot of time, and it costs a lot of
money. It seems that Apple will work together with a company which makes cars. Last week,
two Korean automakers Hyundai and Kia said that they were not working with Apple on an
electric car, and it is not clear which company would like to work with Apple.
Sales of electric cars are growing fast in Europe. Experts say that there could be around 800
million electric cars in 2050.
15. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) “To build a factory for
electric cars takes a lot of time, and it costs a lot of money”. The expression “a lot of” can
be replaced by:
a) lots
b) many
c) a mount of
d) a lots of
e) few
32
16. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) “and a lot of people think
that it will be special, too”. The expression “a lot of” can be replaced by:
a) many
b) a mount of
c) a lots of
d) little
e) a great deal of
Read Text VII to do question 17.
Text VII
Smart Gym
During the coronavirus pandemic, many gyms had to close. At the same time, many people
spent a lot of time at home. They worked from home and sick people had to stay in
quarantine. Business with smart gyms started to grow quickly.
Smart gym is a fitness tool which people use at home. You have your own training plan, and
you can also be a part of a community of other people who exercise at home. Smart gym is
really clever because it can check how you move, and it makes the exercise easier or harder.
You can share your progress with other people, and they can help you work harder. This is
very important now when people mustn’t go to a gym.
Smart gym is not cheap and it can cost more than 1,000 dollars. Some companies believe
that more people will use smart gyms in the future and that the coronavirus pandemic only
made this change quicker.
17. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) The modal verb mustn’t,
bolded in the text means
a) inability.
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) prohibition.
e) probability.
Read Text VI to do question 18 based on it.
Text VI
Are Planes Safe

Regulators, insurers, and experts are warning airlines to take extra care when reactivating
planes that were left in extended storage during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The sudden fall in global air travel meant that an unprecedented number of planes had to be
parked on runways. At one point, two thirds of the global fleet were put on the ground.
33
Now, as planes are returning to the skies, regulators worry about maintenance errors, pilots
being out of practice, and even insect nests blocking key sensors.
This year, there´s been a sharp rise in the number of poor landings, and some of them
resulted in crashes. According to European regulators, this year has also seen an alarming
rise in incidents involving wrong air speed or altitude readings. Long periods out of service
also raise worries, including contaminated fuel and drained batteries in emergency systems.
18. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) “This year, there´s been a
sharp rise…”. The contraction ('s) means
a) is
b) was
c) has
d) as
e) genitive case.
Read Text VII to do question 19 based on it.
Text VII
Love Of My Life
Love of my life, you've hurt me

You've broken my heart, and now you leave me
Love of my life, can't you see?
Bring it back, bring it back
Don't take it away from me
Because you don't know

What it means to me
Love of my life, don't leave me
You've taken my love, and now desert me

What it means to me
You will remember
When this is blown over
And everything's all by the way
When I grow older
I will be there at your side to remind you
How I still love you (I still love you)
34
Back, hurry back
Please, bring it back home to me
What it means to me
Love of my life
Love of my life
Ooh, ooh
Queen
19. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) The modal verb CAN’T,
a) request.
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) prohibition.
e) inability.
Directions: Answer question 20.
TEXT I
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back?
IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and
a low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed
he couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next
morning he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the
house. “It sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge
stuck his head into the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but
he couldn’t smell a thing.
The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19.
Quagge was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not
widely available at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still
has not fully recovered his sense of smell.
Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients
with COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27
times more likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor
of the illness than fever.
35
For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied
up in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our
ability to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food.
“So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t
fully participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.”
Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories.
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment
in intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense,
hoping those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers.
What the nose knows
The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way
of decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the
nose to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a
long tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which
registers the molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce.
Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it
stops working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says.
“That lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the
basic functions of the system.”
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at
all or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It
may also fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or
vision impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25
percent of Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell,
and over 13 million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell,
or hyposmia, a partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent.
It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few
ways. First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by
the congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced
anosmia.
“It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell
anything.”
Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their
sense of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who
experience anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years.
Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says
in the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was
36
scared. An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and
he couldn’t smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me
out.”
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-
cvd/)
20. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the option that can replace the word "very"
in the eleventh paragraph without changing its meaning.
a) a lot.
b) really.
c) also.
d) to.
Directions: Answer question 21 according to TEXT I.
TEXT I
Facebook complies with Brazilian judge’s order to block 12 accounts accused of running a
fake news network
Facebook announced Saturday it has obeyed a Brazilian judge’s order for a worldwide block
on the accounts of 12 of President Jair Bolsonaro’s supporters who are under investigation
for allegedly running a fake news network.
Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed
to fully comply with a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down, saying they
were still online and publishing by changing their registration to locations outside Brazil.
Facebook issued a statement saying it complied due to the threat of criminal liability for an
employee in Brazil.
But it called the new order “extreme,” saying it poses a “threat to freedom of expression
outside of Brazil’s jurisdiction and conflicting with laws and jurisdictions worldwide.” The
company said it would appeal to the full court.
Facebook also argued it had complied with the previous order by “restricting the ability for
the target Pages and Profiles to be seen from IP locations in Brazil”.
“People from IP locations in Brazil were not capable of seeing these Pages and Profiles even
if the targets had changed their IP location”, the company said.
Moraes said that Facebook ought to pay $ 367,000 in penalties for not complying with his
previous decision during the last eight days.
He also had ruled Twitter should block the accounts. While Twitter said then the decision
was “disproportionated” under Brazil’s freedom of speech rules and that it would appeal,
the targeted profiles were disabled.
Moraes is overseeing a controversial investigation to determine whether some of
Bolsonaro’s most ardent allies are running a social media network aimed at spreading
threats and fake news against Supreme Court justices.
The probe is one of the main points of confrontation between Bolsonaro and the Supreme
Court.
37
The president himself filed a lawsuit last week demanding the accounts to be unblocked.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5874695/facebook-blocks-accounts-worldwide/)
21. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text.
“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with a
previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down” Choose the correct question for the
sentence below.
a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first attitude?

b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes?
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice?
d) Were the accounts blocked?
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes?
Directions: Answer question 22 according to TEXT II.
TEXT II
Lagos’s poor lament COVID fallout: “we don’t see the virus, we see suffering”.
Lockdown has tipped many working-class Nigerians from struggle to crisis.

Drawing open the curtains in Alapere, Lagos, unveils a sea of shanty roofs and watery-
coloured housing blocks. “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering,” says Juliana Chokpa,
a 38-year-old cleaner.
This working-class Lagos community has been reeling from job losses, a collapse in informal
services, and rising food and transport costs. The pandemic, Chokpa says, has wrought a
swift descent from struggle into crisis.
Her pay of 35,000 naira (£70) a month, working in a lavish home 20 miles away in Banana
Island, was suddenly halved in March when her employers left the country as coronavirus
cases began to rise. Weeks later, with government lockdown measures taking hold, her
husband, a driver for an international corporate firm, was told his pay would be cut by two-
thirds because the staff he had been driving were working from home.
“What do we do? Things are a struggle and we have children. They don’t know what these
difficulties mean. They just want to know they can have their cereal, can enjoy things.
Sometimes we borrow, sometimes we get help from people. It’s only God sustaining us,” she
says.
In areas such as Alapere, the fallout from the pandemic has tipped economic ecosystems
over the edge. While Juliana wealthier employers’s have been affected by the lockdown,
they are better insulated from the disruption. The knock-on effects further down the chain
are more profound.
“Cooks, cleaners, house-helps, they’ve lost their jobs or had their salaries reduced. It’s the
same thing: their bosses have travelled, or have less income so can’t pay them like before,”
she says.
38
Transport costs have doubled since the government introduced social distancing, limiting
passenger numbers to half of normal capacity. Transport providers, also contending with
rising fuel costs, responded by raising fares. For millions on low incomes, increases of 200
naira (£0.40) are upending. “My husband stays at work during the week now because to go
back and forth is too expensive,” she says. Now she often has to care for their four children
alone.
For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many
people were already in difficulty.
The government have quickly responded with financial help, including loans to medium and
small business and cash transfers to some poor and vulnerable households. While the
programs are likely to have an impact, criticisms have grown that they do not effectively
target those in need. “The very poor such as the artisans and rural farmers are likely to be
financially excluded,” Ekeruche said. A national register collated by the government to
identify poorer citizens eligible for social welfare, only captures a fraction of those requiring
help.
Already, 82 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. Nigeria’s economy was predicted to
contract by 5.4%, the International Monetary Fund said, while the government anticipated
that unemployment could rise by half to 33%.
For many people, the pain of the economic fallout from the coronavirus outbreak feels
inexplicable.
Omozuanfo Fatima, 25, an architecture graduate, helps run her mother’s stall. “I don’t
know anyone who has the virus, nobody has been sick or died, so to be honest we don’t
understand why all of this should be happening. None of us are wearing masks,” she says,
“but we’re all fine.”
A lack of trust in the government, often derided as corrupt, has hampered any sense of
shared sacrifice to help reduce the outbreak. Many people bemoan that the measures have
not been adapted to the realities for working people.
Blessing Apara inherited her mother’s fruit and vegetable stall at Obalende 14 years ago.
“I’ve never remembered it being this bad,” she says. “I’ve lowered my prices to get
customers but I’m making half of what I used to. I’m just praying it all turns around.”
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/14/lagoss-poor-lament-covid-fallout-we-dont-see-the-virus-we-see-
suffering)
“For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many
people were already in difficulty”. Mark the alternative with the correct question to the
sentence below.
a) Did everyone in Africa feel the economic effects of the pandemic?

b) How many people were affected by the pandemic, in Africa?
c) Considering the pandemic situation, how is the economy in Africa developing?
d) Can the pandemic be considered the last straw for many African citizens?
e) Can you define how is the current situation of Africa’s economy?
39
Directions: answer question 23 according to TEXT I
The World Health Organization Declares Africa Polio-Free
Nobody will ever know the identity of the thousands of African children who were not killed
or paralyzed by polio this year. They would have been hard to keep track of no matter what
because in ordinary times, they would have followed thousands last year and thousands the
year before and on back in a generations-long trail of suffering and death.
Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year before.
It was in 2016 that the last case of wild, circulating polio was reported in Nigeria—the final
country on the 54-nation African continent where the disease was endemic. And with a
required multi-year waiting period now having passed with no more cases, the World Health
Organization today officially declared the entirety of Africa polio-free. A disease that as
recently as the late 1980s was endemic in 125 countries, claiming 350,000 children per year,
has now been run to ground in just two remaining places, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where
there have been a collective 102 cases so far in 2020. That’s 102 too many, but there is no
denying the scope of the WHO announcement.
“Today’s victory over the wild poliovirus in the African region is a testament to what can
happen when partners from a variety of sectors join forces to accomplish a major global
health goal,” says John Hewko, general secretary and CEO of Rotary International. “[It is]
something the world can and should aspire to during these turbulent times.”
It was Rotary, an international nonprofit service organization, that kicked off the polio
endgame in 1988 with the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). That
program aimed to leverage the power of Rotary’s 35,000 clubs and 1.22 million members in
200 countries and territories worldwide to make polio only the second human disease—after
smallpox—to be pushed over the brink of extinction. The job was made easier by the
partners Rotary immediately attracted: the WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and UNICEF. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joined in 2007,
followed by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, just last year. The 32-year initiative has depended on
volunteer workers and charitable donations, which together have produced an army of 20
million field workers administering vaccines to over 2.5 billion children at a cost of $17
billion.
Some countries were a lighter lift than others. In the U.S. the disease was eradicated in
1979, well before the GPEI even began its work. Other nations followed: In 1994 the
Americas were declared polio-free. Europe as a whole got a clean bill of health in 2002, when
all 53 countries in the WHO’s designated European region were declared free of the virus.
Massive vaccination efforts began in India in 1997, which eradicated the virus in 2014.
How Polio Was Eradicated from the African Continent

But Africa, with its vast sprawl of village populations, long distances to urban hospitals,
spotty infrastructure like adequate roads and reliable “cold chains”—refrigerated transport
networks to keep vaccines viable—was always going to present special challenges. In 1996,
when the case count on the continent regularly reached 75,000 victims every year, South
African President Nelson Mandela partnered with Rotary to launch the “Kick Polio Out of
40
Africa” Campaign, and the group scrambled fast—or as fast as was possible with so many
children to vaccinate on so vast a land mass. In 2000, the first synchronized campaigns began
in 17 countries, with 76 million children being vaccinated by tens of thousands of volunteers.
The work fanned out across the continent from there, including an especially heavy push
from 2008 to 2010, when an outbreak in 24 countries in western and central Africa was met
by a large-scale, multi-national vaccination of 85 million children.
Finally, Nigeria stood alone as the only African nation where the disease was still endemic,
in part because of resistance by religious leaders in the northern part of the country who
objected western interference in local affairs and claimed that the vaccine was unsafe. That
opposition broke down, partly thanks to Muhammad Sanusi II, the Emir of the city of Kano—
a hereditary leader descended from a ruling family—who appeared at a public ceremony
before the kick off of a seasonal vaccination campaign in 2016, called for a vial of polio
vaccine to be brought to the stage, and with the audience watching, broke its seal and drank
down its entire contents. That year, the country recorded its last case of polio, and this year,
Nigeria’s WHO certification is the reward for its efforts.
“The polio eradication program in Nigeria has gone through some difficult times, but I never
once doubted that this day would come,” says Dr. Tunji Funsho, a former cardiologist who is
the chair of Rotary International’s Polio-Plus Committee in Nigeria. “Any time that we’ve
experienced a setback, Rotary and our partners have been able to find solutions and develop
new strategies for reaching vulnerable children.”
(Adapted from https://time.com/5883233/africa-declared-polio-free/)
23. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option with the suitable question to
answer the underlined fragment below
“Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year
before…” (paragraph 2)
a) How does polio affect African children?

b) When was the last case of polio recorded in Africa?
c) How many African children have been victims of polio in recent years?
d) How many people have been victims of polio in Africa?
Read Text II to do question 24 based on it
TEXT II
Does Wearing Glasses Protect You From Coronavirus?
When researchers in China were analyzing hospital data of patients with Covid-19, they
noticed an odd trend: Very few of the sick patients regularly wore glasses.
In one hospital in Suizhou, China, 276 patients were admitted over a 47-day period, but
only 16 patients — less than 6 percent — had myopia or nearsightedness that required them
to wear glasses for more than eight hours a day. By comparison, more than 30 percent of
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similarly aged people in the region needed glasses for nearsightedness, earlier research had
shown.
Given that the rate of nearsightedness appeared to be so much higher in the general
population than in the Covid ward, the scientists wondered: Could wearing glasses protect a
person from becoming infected with coronavirus?
“Wearing of eyeglasses is common among Chinese individuals of all ages,” wrote the study
authors. “However, since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Wuhan in December 2019, we
observed that few patients with eyeglasses were admitted in the hospital ward.”
The observation “could be preliminary evidence that daily wearers of eyeglasses are less
susceptible to Covid-19,” the authors speculated.
Experts say it’s too soon to draw conclusions from the research — or recommend that
people start wearing eye protection in addition to masks in hopes of lowering their risk for
infection.
It may be that eyeglasses act as a partial barrier, protecting eyes from the splatter of a
cough or sneeze. Another explanation for the finding could be that people who wear glasses
are less likely to rub their eyes with contaminated hands.
The current study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, was accompanied by a commentary
from Dr. Lisa Maragakis, an infectious disease specialist and associate professor of medicine
at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, who urged caution in interpreting the results.
The study was small, involving fewer than 300 cases of Covid-19, a tiny fraction of the
nearly 30 million reported cases of coronavirus infection around the world. Another concern
is that the data on nearsightedness in the comparison group were gleaned from a study that
took place decades earlier.
And Dr. Maragakis noted that any number of factors could confound the data, and it may
be that wearing glasses is simply associated with another variable that affects risk for Covid-
19. For example, it could be that people who wear glasses tend to be older, and more careful
and more likely to stay home during a viral outbreak, than those who do not wear glasses. Or
perhaps people who can afford glasses are less likely to contract the virus for other reasons,
like having the means to live in less crowded spaces.
“It’s one study,” Dr. Maragakis said. “It does have some biological plausibility, given that in
health care facilities, we use eye protection,” such as face shields or goggles. “But what
remains to be investigated is whether eye protection in a public setting would add any
protection over and above masks and physical distancing. I think it’s still unclear.”
Health care workers wear protective equipment over their eyes to protect them from
droplets that can fly from coughs and sneezes, as well as aerosolized particles that form
when patients undergo medical procedures, such as intubation. But for the vast majority of
people, that extra level of protection probably isn’t needed if a person is wearing a mask and
keeping physical distance in public spaces. There’s also the possibility of introducing risk by
wearing glasses — some people might touch their faces more when they put on glasses,
rather than less, noted Dr. Maragakis.
That said, more study is needed to see if the trend holds up in other study populations, said
Dr. Thomas Steinemann, a spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and
professor of ophthalmology at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland.
“I think it’s provocative, and it’s extremely interesting,” Dr. Steinemann said.
42
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/16/well/live/does-wearing-glasses-protect-you-from-
coronavirus.html?surface=home-living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=153492936&algo=identity&imp_id=364422693&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtype=Homepa
ge)
24. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The vast majority of people
a) Must wear eyeglasses as an extra level of protection

b) Mustn’t wear eyeglasses as an extra level of protection
c) Have to wear eyeglasses as an essential level of protection
d) Perhaps, don’t need to wear eyeglasses if they’re respecting social distance and the use
of mask
e) Shouldn’t wear both eyeglasses or masks
Observe this comic strip to do item 25
(https://www.thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-17/184837)
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) About Earl, we can assume that
a) He thinks that he is helping enough at home

b) He is helping just enough at home
c) He didn’t collaborate with his wife
d) He doesn’t care about helping around the house
e) He was cleaning the house
26. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Match the questions and answers
I. How many clothes do you have at your closet?

II. How is Erica?
III. How much water do you have in a day?
IV. Whose son is Daniel?
V. What does Jennifer do?
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( ) A few
( ) He’s hers
( ) A little
( ) She is a firefighter
( ) She’s fine
a) III – IV – I – V – II
b) I – IV – III – V – II
c) I – II – IV – V – III
d) III – II – IV – I – V
e) I – IV – II – III – V
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 27.
COVID-19 Has Killed Nearly 200,000 Americans. How Many More Lives Will Be Lost Before
the U.S. Gets It Right?
Forty-five days before the announcement of the first suspected case of what would become
known as COVID-19, the Global Health Security Index was published. The project—led by the
Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security—assessed 195
countries on their perceived ability to handle a major disease outbreak. The U.S. ranked first.
It’s clear the report was wildly overconfident in the U.S., failing to account for social ills that
had accumulated in the country over the past few years, rendering it unprepared for what
was about to hit. At some point in mid-September—perhaps by the time you are reading
this—the number of confirmed coronavirus-related deaths in the U.S. will have passed
200,000, more than in any other country by far.
If, early in the spring, the U.S. had mobilized its ample resources and expertise in a coherent
national effort to prepare for the virus, things might have turned out differently. If, in
midsummer, the country had doubled down on the measures (masks, social-distancing rules,
restricted indoor activities and public gatherings) that seemed to be working, instead of
prematurely declaring victory, things might have turned out differently. The tragedy is that if
science and common sense solutions were united in a national, coordinated response, the
U.S. could have avoided many thousands of more deaths this summer.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5887432/coronavirus-united-states-failure/)
27. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the statement in which the word far is
used with the same meaning as in paragraph 2
a) Why did you go so far?

b) You are too far from school
c) So far, we haven´t done anything
d) I am prettier than you by far
e) This is not working, as far as I know
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(Título omitido propositalmente)
The numbers point to a second wave. Without strong action, hospitalisations will increase
and deaths will follow
As Spain, France and Germany start ___(1) struggle with rising Covid-19 cases, alarm bells
are ringing again in the UK. Over the weekend, 3,000 new people tested positive for Covid-19
in a 24-hour period, and dozens of schools in England and Wales have reported outbreaks.
While the number of hospitalisations is still low, the trajectory of the US, France and Spain
suggest that hospitalisations tend to follow increased case numbers by several weeks. It’s
impossible to have a high number of infections and community transmission and not have
vulnerable or elderly individuals hospitalised. They live with and among all of us.
It’s worth remembering that case numbers now aren’t comparable to those in March.
Before, tests were only done on people who had been admitted to hospital. Now,
symptomatic people are being tested outside of hospitals and in the community, along with
their contacts. This means that we’re picking up infections and positive cases that we
weren’t previously testing ___(2).
Nonetheless, after enduring the considerable pain of a prolonged lockdown, nobody wants
to see the UK going backwards on the progress it has made. As numbers rise, ministers face
difficult decisions about how to get on top of this situation and ensure schools remain open.
If ___(3) government doesn’t do anything and lets the virus spread, hospitalisations will
increase, deaths will follow and ministers will be blamed for not doing enough to suppress
the virus.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/coronavirus-cases-rising-uk-second-wave)
28. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) What is the question the author refers to when he
says “Over the weekend, 3,000 new people tested positive for Covid-19 in a 24-hour
period…”? (paragraph 1)
a) How is the number of daily cases of Covid-19?

b) What is the total number of Covid-19 cases in the UK?
c) How is the UK dealing with the pandemic situation?
d) How many people tested positive for coronavirus throughout the pandemic?
e) What was the government’s last move to fight the coronavirus?
“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice.
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was sitting as far away from me as the
desk allowed, but his chair was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked like
45
someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face was friendly, open, a slight smile on
his flawless lips. But his eyes were careful.
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last
week. You must be Bella Swan.”
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to say.
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered.
He laughed a soft laugh.
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town was waiting for you to arrive.”
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006. Page 43
29. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2012)

According to the sentence “I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella
[A] didn’t expect Edward to approach her. [B] was feeling comfortable.
[C] didn’t want to be friends with Edward. [D] didn’t want to talk to Edward.
[E] was offended by Edward’s attitude.
Leia o texto a seguir, extraído do livro He knows too much, e responda a questão 30.
Chapter 1 - Madras 1986

“He knows too much. I must ask you to do nothing.”
“But this time I caught him in the act. I have proof, witnesses, everything. There is no
possible doubt.”
“I said he knows too much! The company can’t afford to have any problems. Our position is
very sensitive in this country. We can’t afford to take risks. I am telling you once again – you
will do nothing. And if there is any trouble, I’m afraid I shall have to hold you personally
responsible. So be sensible for once in your life.”
“I see. So you are telling me to close my eyes to corruption and behave as if nothing has
happened. Is that right?”
“I didn’t put it quite like that. But, if you insist, yes. What Vish does or doesn’t do is a minor
matter compared with the company’s global strategy. Just try to get things in perspective.
After all, you won’t be stuck in Madras for ever – I’ll make sure that you are not. So just go
with the flow for a bit longer. When you’re in your next post this will all seem a very long
way away, I can assure you. But meantime, no trouble. I hope I’ve made myself clear. Oh,
and, by the way, I advise you to forget that we have had this conversation. Goodbye.”
Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were trembling. He was furious with himself for
failing to persuade his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox, to support him, and was disgusted at the
mixture of veiled threats and vague promises Lennox had made.
Adapted from MALEY, Alan. He knows too much. Cambridge University Press, 1999. P.6

The sentence “So just go with the flow for a bit longer.” (paragraph 5), the expression go
with the flow means
[A] don’t accept corruption.
46
[B] don’t accept bribery.
[C] don’t fight vague promises.
[D] don’t accept threats.
[E] don’t fight prevailing trends.
Leia as perguntas e respostas a seguir e responda a questão 31.
Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram
What is Instagram?
It’s an application for your mobile phone that enables you to edit pictures you have taken
with your mobile phone camera using built-in filters and share them with others. If you have
an Instagram account you can tag pictures, rate and comment on other people’s pictures and
follow other users.
How much is your app?
$0.00.
Where does the name come from?
When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras. We loved how different types of
old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today. We
also felt that the snapshots people were taking were like telegrams in that they got sent over
the wire to others - so we figured why not combine the two?
How did the idea come about?
We love taking photos. We always assumed taking interesting photos required a big bulky
camera and a couple years of art school. But as mobile phone cameras got better and better,
we decided to challenge that assumption. We created Instagram to solve three simple
problems:
- Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our awesome looking filters transform
your photos into professional-looking snapshots.
- Sharing on multiple platforms is a pain - we help you take a picture once, then share it
(instantly) on multiple services.
- Most uploading experiences are clumsy and take forever - we’ve optimized the experience
to be fast and efficient.
How does privacy work?
We have adopted a follower model that means if you’re “public” on Instagram, anyone can
subscribe to follow your photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this
mode, a user can make sure he/she must approve all follow requests before they go
through.
Who can see my photos?
All photos are public by default which means they are visible to anyone who has an account.
If you choose to make your account private, then only people who follow you on Instagram
will be able to see your photos.
Adapted from https://instagram.com/about/faq/#
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In the sentence “We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as
“instant” - something we take for granted today.” (question 3), the expression something we
take for granted means
[A] Something we have to give someone. [B] Something we have to do everyday.
[C] Something we usually value a lot. [D] Something we don’t have to learn.
[E] Something we don’t give much importance to.
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly
ignorant when it comes to basic life skills.
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive.
I have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-
poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen
victim to ironing experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I
missed out in my modern education.
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to
generation – a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned
themselves distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like
putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes,
they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t
grow our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply
buy these things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is
consumption.
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that
isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths,
language and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where
craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and
regurgitate information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for
themselves, but are also able to act for themselves.
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless

In the sentence “I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my
modern education.” (paragraph 2), the words missed out mean
[A] didn’t miss.
[B] didn’t want.
48
[C] didn’t have.
[D] didn’t like.
[E] didn’t need.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 33
Research connects vaping to a higher chance of catching the virus — and suffering its worst
effects.
Since the start of the pandemic, experts have warned that the coronavirus — a respiratory
pathogen — most likely capitalizes on the scarred lungs of smokers and vapers. Doctors and
researchers are now starting to pinpoint the ways in which smoking and vaping seem to
enhance the virus’s ability to spread from person to person, infiltrate the lungs and spark
some of Covid-19’s worst symptoms.
“I have no doubt in saying that smoking and vaping could put people at increased risk of
poor outcomes from Covid-19,” said Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, a pediatric pulmonologist
at Columbia University. “It is quite clear that smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and
the predominant symptoms of Covid are respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in
combination.”
But while several studies have found that smoking can more than double a person’s risk of
severe Covid-19 symptoms, the relationship between vaping and Covid-19 is only beginning
to become clear. A team of researchers recently reported that young adults who vape are
five times more likely to receive a coronavirus diagnosis.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html)
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the sentence “It is quite clear that
smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the predominant symptoms of Covid are
respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in combination” (paragraph 2), Dr.
Stephanie
a) Is pretty sure that lung problems and COVID-19 predominant symptoms will not result in
good consequences
b) Isn’t sure about what would happen if someone with lung problems gets COVID-19
c) Is sure that predominant symptoms from COVID-19 would not be affected by lung
problems
d) Is sure that she can’t yet affirm about the effects of COVID-19 in someone with lung
problems
e) Isn’t sure if smoking and vaping are bad for lungs
Directions: Read the text below and answer questions 34 and 35 according to it.
TEXT
Taylor Swift's cash gift helps student take up degree

Singer Taylor Swift has donated £23,000 to a London-based student struggling to raise the funds to
take up a maths course at the University of Warwick.
49
Vitoria Mario's online fundraising page details how she has lived in the UK for four years
after moving from Portugal.
But she is not eligible for maintenance loans or grants.
Vitoria said: "I was worrying too much about the money, what I have to do and if I have to
look for a job. She actually made my dream come true."
The American singer, whose 16 top 10 British chart hits include the aptly titled Wildest
Dreams, wrote a message on Vitoria's fundraising page as she confirmed her donation.
At that stage, Vitoria had collected nearly half of her £40,000 fundraising target, and Swift
wrote: "Vitoria, I came across your story online and am so inspired by your drive and
dedication to turning your dreams into reality.
"I want to gift you the rest of your goal amount. Good luck with everything you do! Love,
Taylor."
Vitoria said her family could not afford to support her and she needed funds to help pay for
her accommodation, a laptop, textbooks and general living costs. She said the approach from
Swift had "come out of the blue".
The 18-year-old had written on her page: "Though my story is not unique, my dream of
becoming a mathematician is not only a chance at social mobility for my family and I, but to
inspire people who have been in similar positions to aspire to be the best version of
themselves."
She added that she has always been "studious" and was unable to speak English when she
moved to the UK in 2016.
Despite that disadvantage, she left school with two A*s and an A in her A-levels.
When coming to the UK, Vitoria had to make the difficult decision to leave Portugal, where
her mother still lives.
"Moving away from her was a challenge but it was a sacrifice worth being made in my
family's eyes," she added.
She estimated she would need £24,000 for accommodation, £3,000 for equipment and
£13,000 for general living costs including food, transport, gas and electricity.
Swift has previously made a number of impromptu donations to fans whose stories she has
read about online, including a New York photographer who asked for financial support via
Tumbler.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53857694)
34. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) The passage “Vitoria said her family could not
afford to support her and she needed funds to help pay for her accommodation, a laptop,
textbooks and general living costs. She said the approach from Swift had ‘come out of the
blue’.” (paragraph 6), suggests that
a) Swift’s donation didn’t help Victoria

b) The donation helped Vitoria because her family couldn’t afford to support her
c) Even though Vitoria’s family couldn’t afford her needs, Vitoria didn’t like Swift’s donation
d) Vitoria’s family were able to afford her needs and Swift’s donation was just an extra
50
35. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the statements below and mark the option
that contains the correct ones according to the text
I. Vitoria’s mother lives in the UK

II. Taylor Swift helped more fans throughout her career
III. Vitoria’s needed money just for her food and accommodation
IV. Vitoria stated that she always has been studious but could not afford for college
a) Only sentences II and IV are correct

b) Only sentences I and IV are correct
c) Only sentences II and III are correct
d) Only sentences I and III are correct
Read Text I to do questions 36 and 37 based on it.
TEXT I
Electric cars are coming: but where will you recharge?
The Snowdens can't always charge their car outside their house
They've got the only electric car in the village. Tiffany Snowden and her husband bought
their second-hand Nissan Leaf a few weeks ago and love it. It's smooth to drive and, she says,
"It's got quite a lot of power to it". But there's a problem. It's a pain to charge up.
That's because, in the North Yorkshire hamlet where they live, it's a race home every night to
get a parking space outside their house. If they succeed, they can plug the car in to mains
electricity overnight. If they fail, the options are limited.
"The closest charging point to us is about 10 miles away," says Mrs Snowden
This is a dilemma that could face an increasing number of drivers. The government says that
in just 15 years the only new cars on the market will be fully electric vehicles (EVs) or
hydrogen-powered alternatives.
While the number of charging points around the UK has increased by about 50% in the last
12 months, according to statistics from EV charging site Zap-Map.com, there are noticeable
gaps in provision around the country.
A recent report from Capital Economics suggested that fleshing out the UK's charging
network will cost £45.9bn between now and 2050. There are even fears that the electricity
grid won't be able to cope as thousands more EVs get plugged in by their new owners.
The number of charging points has risen by 50% over last 12 months
Is the UK ready for the electric vehicle revolution, then, or is the whole movement doomed
to stall?
The Snowdens are hoping that their local charging problem will have a local solution. The
government has allocated £5 million in funding for councils to spend on residential charging
points.
51
However, when Mrs Snowden asked her council about this, a representative told her there
was little space in the village for charging bays. Plus, they added that the expense of
upgrading infrastructure for such facilities was significant. Improving cabling and substations
alone could cost "upwards of £75,000", they said.
The representative advised Mrs Snowden to ask whether the local pub could install a
charging point instead - because it has parking space available and, potentially, spare
electricity.
In the meantime, the Snowdens intend to upgrade their home charging point and will have
to carefully plan where they charge up and how they use the roughly 80 miles of range they
get with their 2014 Nissan Leaf.
"I think we've kind of gone about it perhaps a bit backwards in getting the car first," she
jokes. "We kind of jumped a bit into it but I think we just have to face it now, really."
For anyone else wondering where they might charge up a new EV, there are an increasing
options, says Ben Lane, co-founder at Zap-Map.com.
"At current rates, we're essentially doubling the number of charge points in the UK over a
two year period," he says. Around 10,000 individual charging connectors were installed in
the last 12 months in the UK. However, Dr Lane adds that there are places where gaps in the
network are apparent.
"Wales is the country in the United Kingdom that probably needs to do the biggest catch-
up," he says. And while England has by far the most chargers, there are places where
coverage is "fragmented".
The government has plans to bring in a new law that would ensure every new home built in
the UK has an EV charging point. Some housing developments are already ploughing ahead
with this idea.
Pedro Pacheco at market analysts Gartner praises this approach and says that, ultimately,
drivers will have to be able to easily charge their cars at home or at work - with minimal
change to their daily routines.
"In the end, this is absolutely essential for the acceptance of EVs," he says.
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51678830)
“Around 10,000 individual charging connectors were installed in the last 12 months in the
UK.”.
What’s the correct question referring to the underlined information?
a) How much individual charging connectors were installed in the last 12 months in the UK?
b) How many individual charging connectors have been installed in the last 12 months in the
UK?
c) How much individual charging connectors have been installed in the last 12 months in the
UK?
d) How many individual charging connectors did UK installed in the last 12 months?
e) How many individual charging connectors were installed in the last 12 months in the UK?
52
"They've got the only electric car in the village." (first paragraph)
The subject pronoun “they” refers to:
a) Electric cars
b) The Snowdens
c) Their car
d) Their house
e) Recharge
Read the text II to do item 38.
TEXT II
ABSTRACT
Objective
To understand the perception of middle-aged adults regarding health and the aging process.
Method
A qualitative study involving 30 adults aged 45 to 59 years old, 15 of ___I____ were female
and 15 of whom were male, ___II____ answered open questions about their perception of
health and aging. Data was analyzed using the thematic content analysis technique.
Results
Almost half of the respondents had not finished elementary school and only three had a
university degree. A total of 27 were married, five were retired and 25 worked in the service
provider sector, 26 were Caucasian, and 27 belonged to social-economic class B. The
perception of health was described as being related to taking care of oneself (physical,
mental and spiritual welfare), to being active and having the will to live. Regarding aging, the
middle-aged persons had already begun to perceive signs of this process such as slowness to
perform daily tasks, fatigue, muscle pain, rheumatic pain, a slowing of weight loss, gray hair,
impaired vision and hearing, difficulty performing some movements, marks on skin and
forgetfulness. Regarding protective actions, the practicing of physical activity, a healthy diet,
social and family life and having some sort of occupation were mentioned. The greatest
desire was to reach an older age with good health, independence and good living conditions.
Conclusion
Although the data of the present study cannot be generalized, it is an important starting
point for future research, since the results reveal concerns that can be reduced to support
programs of healthy aging.
Adapted from (http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1809-98232016000100035)
38. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the option that fills in the blanks I and II,
respectively.
a) who/who
b) whom/who
c) who/ whom
d) whom/which
53
e) whom/whom
39. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct.
a) How many people are there at your company last Friday?

b) Is there anyone in the restroom right now?
c) Jack said there is ten people waiting for him.
d) There isn’t a concert at the stadium last weekend.
e) There is car dealers so you can buy a vehicle.
Text 1
During the UK lockdown, home working has soared. But struggles with childcare, pay and
conditions aren’t new
In the early 1970s, futurologists began to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace. A new wave of technological innovation seemed to be pushing together the
private and public worlds that the Industrial Revolution had rent apart.
Networked computers installed in an employee’s home would revolutionise the modern
corporation. Teleworking – as it became known – would free humanity from the grind of the
daily commute, enabling an easier blend of work and family life.
Nearly 50 years on, elements of this vision have now become a reality for millions of us.
According to the Office for National Statistics, only 5% of the UK labour force worked mainly
from home in 2019, but well over a quarter had some experience of home-working. In recent
weeks, that figure has dramatically increased as a result of the lockdown measures
implemented to tackle the spread of Covid-19. With all but key workers confined to their
homes, the virtual office is now the new norm – a development that could prove to have far-
reaching consequences. Is telework an idea whose time has finally come?
Looking to the past can help us to answer this question. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, there
were plenty of reasons to be excited about the possibilities of telework. Some analysts
hoped that less commuting would reduce western capitalism’s dependence on fossil fuels.
Others foresaw a revitalisation of local neighbourhoods, with dormitory suburbs
transformed into thriving communities of home-workers. Teleworking seemed to hold the
key to equality for women with young children, who could hold on to hard-won careers
thanks to more flexible regimes of home-based employment. One early adopter was the
software company F International, organised on a remote-working model from the outset.
Its founder, Stephanie “Steve” Shirley, seized the opportunity to recruit highly skilled female
programmers whose careers had stalled following marriage and motherhood.
Yet there were also reasons to be sceptical. Trade unionists feared that telework was just
another ploy by employers to cut wage bills and erode workers’ rights. Some firms recruited
teleworkers as self-employed contractors, thus shirking responsibility for pensions, sick pay
and maternity leave, as well as neatly sidestepping health and safety laws. In the early 1980s,
54
the office supplies company Rank Xerox restructured its UK operations by engaging former
employees as “independent” subcontractors who undertook to do a substantial amount of
work for the company and to buy its equipment. Other firms offered loans to teleworkers for
the purchase of computers, thus ensuring that their self-employment status could not be
called into question. In facilitating the spread of these forms of non-standard employment,
the rise of teleworking played its part in fostering our present-day gig economy.
Yet despite these cost-cutting advantages for companies, many managers were resistant to
remote working and adopted it with extreme caution. A congregated workforce could be
directly monitored, incentivised and disciplined, but supervising at distance posed new
challenges. For teleworkers, continuous surveillance was swapped for carefully negotiated
“deliverables” and payment by results, while only those deemed to have the right
“personality” were extended the privilege of working from home. In 1990, a senior civil
servant compiled a formidable list of necessary attributes for prospective teleworkers in his
department. They included: “self-motivation and discipline; the ability to work without direct
supervision; the ability to cope with minimal social contact and be self-reliant … the ability to
cope with any additional stress from dealing with work at the same time as domestic
responsibilities.”
Few were able to tick all the boxes. One professional writer, previously an enthusiast for
home-working, described his struggle to maintain boundaries amid the everyday noise and
chatter of family life: “How do you explain to a two-year-old that Daddy in the kitchen
making a cup of coffee is thinking about his next paragraph and is not to be interrupted?”
Women, by contrast, tended to accept these domestic conflicts as the price they paid for
clinging on to the threads of a career. Female teleworkers were less likely to have a
dedicated workspace or a spouse on hand to keep children at bay, and generally received
lower salaries than their office-bound peers. As the campaigner and expert Ursula Huws
archly put it, men felt the absence of “the masculinity-confirming buddy-world of the
workplace”. But for women without reliable childcare, it was often a choice between inferior
pay and conditions as a teleworker or not working at all.
Much of this history will resonate with frazzled parents currently housebound with children
under the coronavirus lockdown. Business gurus originally sold teleworking as a lifestyle
choice, conjuring images of “electronic cottages” insulated from dreary commutes and
constricting office routines. The reality of remote home-working, however, was – and
remains still – more complicated.
The Covid-19 crisis is helping to shine a light on both the pleasures and pressures of having
the home as your office. Jumping from a Zoom meeting to a lazy game with the kids in the
garden might seem like a template for the good life, but home-working does not exist apart
from wider social and economic equalities. Achieving job security, control at work and time
for a life outside of it is as pressing a problem today as it was for pioneer teleworkers in the
late-20th century. If working from home is our post-coronavirus future, let’s not forget its
complex past.
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/12/working-from-home-history-coronavirus-uk-lockdown)
55
“In the early 1970s, futurologists began to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace”.
a) How often futurologists begin to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace?
b) Who began to reimagine the relationship between home and workplace in the early
1970’s?
c) Why did futurologists began to reimagine the relationship between home and workplace?
d) What did futurologists begin to reimagine in the early 1970’s?
e) When did futurologists begin to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace?
“Few were able to tick all the boxes.” (Paragraph 7)
Mark the option that can replace the underlined sentence.
a) to fill out a form
b) to organise all the boxes
c) to fall short
d) to label all the boxes
e) to fulfill the requirements
a) How many sugar do you add to your coffee?

b) Have you ever been to New York?
c) My earphones is so uncomfortable.
d) There is a weird guy across the street looking to me.
e) There is girls who don’t like shopping.
Read Text I to do question 43 based on it.
Text 1
After the Covid-19 crisis, will we get a greener world?

Pollution and emissions are down, but we will squander these gains if governments fail to
push ahead with decisive change
The current crisis has revealed a sobering truth: the global economic shutdown, which has
been achieved at a devastating social cost, has barely dented our carbon emissions. The
latest analysis, by the International Energy Agency (IEA), expects this year’s annual emissions
to be down by just 6-8%. Such a small drop in emissions would have no measurable effect on
the world’s carbon concentration, or its warming potential. Indeed, 2020 is currently on
track to be the hottest year ever recorded.
“You’d need about a 10% drop to have a noticeable effect on the rising CO2 concentrations,
but even then concentrations would still be rising,” says Richard Betts, head of climate
56
impacts at the Met Office. “The rate of rise of CO2 varies from year to year anyway, as the
natural carbon sinks get stronger and weaker because of natural processes, like El Niño.”
During an El Niño event, tropical forests don’t take up as much carbon, so the atmospheric
CO2 rises a bit faster. And in La Niña, the opposite occurs. “That effect is probably more
important than the small drop in emissions we’re seeing now.”
Considering that emissions have to fall by at least 7.6% every year to 2050 in order to keep
global warming below 1.5C (above pre-industrial levels), this internationally agreed target
now feels alarmingly unachievable.
“It shows that the challenge of avoiding dangerous climate change and getting to zero
emissions is unbelievably hard,” says Simon Evans of climate science website Carbon Brief.
“Even something which seems to be having seismic implications for the global economy, at
least in the short term, like the current crisis, is something of a drop in the ocean compared
to that challenge.”
And yet, the cleaner air, burgeoning urban wildlife, and our sudden, dramatic shift to a less
carbon-intensive lifestyle reveal the scope of what we can achieve in just days. This is
something to cling to as we navigate the twin storms of Covid-19 and climate. We know that
the climate crisis will not wait for a more convenient time; we must deal with it and the
pandemic crisis concurrently. It is, however, the killer disease that has provoked the strong
and urgent response. Governments have been forced to step in and deal with the
catastrophe in a way that is unprecedented, including supporting business and industry, and
public and private infrastructure.
Across the world, government has never been bigger. Many experts argue that this provides
us with a huge opportunity to also deal with the other crisis: to make a transformational leap
towards a sustainable society that enables us to keep the world below dangerous warming.
How we respond to this unique opportunity could set our climate trajectory for thousands of
years to come.
These behavioural changes we’ve experienced – some of which may become ingrained
permanently, meaning travel and consumption patterns become more responsible – are
helpful in reducing pollution, just as hand-washing helps in the pandemic. But what the
expected 8% emissions reduction figure shows us is that individual action – driving your car
less, attending a meeting via Zoom rather than taking a business flight – is not going to be
enough. Equally, it shows that moving to a no-growth economy is not the answer, as some
have argued. Instead, systemic transformative action is required at international and state
level to get the effective reductions in atmospheric carbon that will bring us to net zero.
“It means we can’t be fiddling around the edges,” says Betts. “If we are going to have a
substantial impact on long-term CO2 concentrations, we need huge, lasting changes in
energy systems and other things that rely on fossil fuels.”
It’s worth noting that the IEA analysis was based on the expectation that human activity will
return to some approximation of “normal” within months, so the shutdown period itself is
likely to produce a far steeper drop in emissions – CO2 emissions in China fell by an
estimated 25% during its February lockdown, for example. India, meanwhile, recorded its
first ever annual emissions fall for the year ending March, and is expected to show a 30%
drop in emissions for the month of April. “But what we’re seeing at the moment is, for the
most part, very temporary,” Evans says. “When we drive again, the car still burns petrol.”
57
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/17/after-the-covid-19-crisis-will-we-get-a-greener-world)
“The current crisis has revealed a sobering truth: the global economic shutdown, which has
been achieved at a devastating social cost, has barely dented our carbon emissions”.
a) How often has the current crisis revealed a sobering truth?

b) Who has revealed a sobering truth?
c) Why has the global economic shutdown revealed a sobering truth?
d) What did the current crisis reveal?
e) What has the current crisis revealed?
44. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence which is grammatically
correct.
a) How many water do you drink a day?

b) Which fees have you paid to enroll at this school?
c) Ignorant people don’t recognize his own ignorance.
d) There are a very beautiful girl in my classroom.
e) Have you gone to London during your vacation?
Text 1
Galwan Valley: China accuses India of 'deliberate provocation'
China has accused Indian troops of a "deliberate provocation" in its first official comments
on Monday's deadly clash at a disputed Himalayan border.
Foreign ministry spokesman Lijian Zhao said the troops had crossed into Chinese territory
and attacked, triggering "fierce physical conflicts".
However he did not give details of any Chinese casualties.
On Friday Indian PM Narendra Modi said no foreign soldiers had crossed India's borders and
no territory had been lost.
Mr Modi vowed that India would defend its border with military force if necessary.
Twenty Indian soldiers were killed in the clash in the Galwan Valley. India has said that both
sides suffered losses during the fighting.
What is China's version of events?
In a series of tweets, Mr Zhao said the Galwan Valley was on the Chinese side of the Line of
Actual Control (LAC), the poorly demarcated border between the two nuclear-armed
powers.
58
He said the clash occurred at a time when tension had been easing after India demolished
infrastructure it had built on the Chinese side of the LAC in May and withdrew personnel,
following an agreement between Chinese and Indian officers.
But on 15 June Indian troops "once again crossed the Line of Actual Control for deliberate
provocation when the situation in the Galwan Valley was already easing", Mr Zhao said.
"India's front-line troops even violently attacked the Chinese officers and soldiers who went
there for negotiation, thus triggering fierce physical conflicts and causing casualties," he said.
India has been building "roads, bridges and other facilities" at the LAC in Galwan Valley since
April, Mr Zhao said.
What did PM Modi say about it?
In a televised statement on Friday, Mr Modi said there had been no incursion into Indian
territory.
"Nobody has intruded into our border, neither is anybody there now, nor have our posts
been captured," he said.
India's armed forces had been "given a free hand to take all necessary steps" to protect
Indian territory, he added.
"The entire country is hurt and angry at the steps taken by China," he said, adding: "India
wants peace and friendship, but upholding sovereignty is foremost."
His government had previously blamed China for the clash, with the foreign ministry
releasing a statement on Wednesday saying it had been sparked after "the Chinese side
sought to erect a structure in Galwan valley on our side of the LAC".
What happened in the Galwan Valley?
Media reports said troops clashed on ridges at a height of nearly 4,300m (14,000 ft) on steep
terrain, with some soldiers falling into the fast-flowing Galwan river in sub-zero
temperatures.
At least 76 Indian soldiers were reportedly injured in addition to the 20 dead. China has not
released any information about Chinese casualties.
The fighting took place without any firearms because of a 1996 agreement barring guns and
explosives from the area.
An image that emerged on Thursday purportedly showed some of the crude weapons used
in the fight.
The photograph, which appears to show iron rods studded with nails, was passed to the BBC
by a senior Indian military official on the India-China border, who said the weapons had been
used by the Chinese.
The image was widely shared on Twitter in India, prompting outrage from many social media
users. Neither Chinese or Indian officials have commented on it.
(Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53118473)
“India has said that both sides suffered losses during the fighting”.
a) Who suffered losses during the fight?

b) How were losses suffered during the fight?
59
c) Why has India said there were losses?
d) When has India said there were losses?
e) When did both sides suffer losses?
Observe the comic strip to do item 46.
https://www.thecomicstrips.com/store/add.php?iid=182831
46. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) It’s correct to say that the boy
a) is not capable of understanding what his Grandfather is talking about.
b) got happy due to his Grandfather’s new acquisition.
c) is proud of his Grandfather because he knows how to use technology.
d) agrees that his Grandfather made a good choice by buying a top technology phone.
e) doesn’t get why his Grampa got a new phone if he doesn’t know how to use its features.
a) How many fruit do you eat a day?

b) How much have you paid in taxes to government last year?
c) Rich people forgets the actual value of money.
d) There is people who likes eating junk food.
e) Have you made your homework yet?
Text 1
New York's hungry rats torment alfresco diners after lockdown famine
New York City is starting to tentatively emerge from the ravages of the coronavirus
pandemic but a revival in outdoor restaurant dining is facing a new hazard – a plague of rats.
Diners are facing a surge in rat activity following a lockdown period where the rodents were
cut off from key food sources as businesses including restaurants and grocery stores shut
down, forcing rats to battle for snacks and even eat each other.
60
Since 22 June, New York City restaurants have been allowed to serve people again in outdoor
settings, prompting sidewalks and car parking spaces to be dotted with tables and chairs. But
the resumption of alfresco dining has led to people having unexpected rodent companions
for their meals.
Giacomo Romano, who owns Ciccio, an Italian restaurant in Manhattan’s Soho, said rats
from a nearby park have been harassing diners since the outdoor meals were permitted.
“Last night, a customer had a baby rat running on his shoe, and I let you just imagine his
reaction,” Romano told NBC.
Romano and other business owners have called on the city to do more to reduce rat
populations, as the city hauls itself out of a pandemic crisis that has claimed more than
20,000 lives. New infections and deaths have dropped sharply since April but New York City
has postponed plans to allow indoor dining due to concerns over surging Covid-19 cases in
other states, such as Florida, Texas and Arizona.
New York City has waged a long and often fruitless war against rats, with the rodents
adapting adroitly to the city’s haphazard waste collection and disposal practices. Rats are a
common sight in streets and in the subway, where the rodents have proven themselves
adept at spiriting away slices of pizza.
The resumption of dining activity is likely to stir a wave of activity among rats following a
period of relative famine, meaning interactions with people are set to continue.
“Rats are designed to smell molecules of anything that’s food-related,” Bobby Corrigan, an
urban rodentologist, told NBC. “They follow those food molecules like heat-seeking missiles
– and eventually you know they end up where those molecules are originating.”
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/10/new-york-rats-diners-outdoor-restaurants)
“a revival in outdoor restaurant dining is facing a new hazard”.
a) Who is facing a new hazard?

b) How are people attending at restaurants?
c) Why is outdoor restaurant dining facing a new hazard?
d) When is a revival in outdoor restaurant dining happening?
e) What is outdoor restaurant dining facing?
a) My brother will born tomorrow at the hospital.

b) The President is the reponsible for the Executive Branch.
c) My dog will do a surgery. He needs some rest.
d) There is people who get convicted by the judge.
e) Have you done your bed yet?
61
Text 1
Thinking of traveling in the U.S? These states have travel restrictions.
Nearly half of the states have measures in place for visitors, from mandatory testing to
quarantine requirements.
In the United States, gas prices are down while the number of coronavirus cases are up,
making the decision of how to vacation during this unprecedented summer a complex one.
Meanwhile, state restrictions on travelers are constantly evolving, with some requiring
mandatory testing and others imposing quarantine requirements.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that travel increases a person’s
chance of getting and spreading the virus. “Staying home is the best way to protect yourself
and others from Covid-19,” the federal agency cautions.
For those who do take a trip, the C.D.C. notes that each mode of transportation has its own
risks, and offers a series of recommendations for safety: that people wear a face mask in
public, wash hands frequently, avoid touching their face, keep six feet from others, cover
coughs and sneezes, and use drive-through service and curbside pickup at restaurants and
stores.
Here is a summary of current restrictions in the United States for leisure travelers, although
some requirements do not apply to those spending less than a day in the state. Many states
also have exemptions for essential workers who are on the job, including health care
workers, members of the military and others, but even they are subject to some restrictions.
With the number of coronavirus cases surging across the country, check the areas you plan
to visit before you travel. Some municipalities or counties may have more stringent
regulations than issued by their state.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/10/travel/state-travel-restrictions.html)
50. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) What can we infer from the text? Mark the correct
option
a) Travelers should ignore the restrictions and keep doing their travels
b) C.D.C made the restrictions in order to mitigate the spread of the virus
c) People shouldn’t check the areas in U.S that they are planning to visit
d) Making the decision of how to vacation got easier
e) U.S was not affected by the coronavirus pandemic
Observe this comic strip to do items 51 and 52
62
(Adapted from https://www.thecomicstrips.com/index.php?iid=184107)
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) The correct use of verb to be to complete the
blank on the strip is
a) Are
b) Aren’t
c) Were
d) Weren’t
e) Is
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) About the woman, we can assume that
a) She was satisfied with the man’s last reply

b) She thinks that they are not a good team
c) She was expecting that answer from him
d) She was disappointed with his answer
e) She wasn’t talking to the man beside her
TEXT II
Climate change: Summers could become 'too hot for humans'
Millions of people around the world could be exposed to dangerous levels of heat stress - a
dangerous condition which can cause organs to shut down.
Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life
threatening conditions. These include being out in the open on farms and building sites or
indoors in factories and hospitals. Global warming will increase the chances of summer
conditions that may be "too hot for humans" to work in.
63
When we caught up with Dr Jimmy Lee, his goggles were steamed up and there was sweat
trickling off his neck. An emergency medic, he's labouring in the stifling heat of tropical
Singapore to care for patients with Covid-19. There's no air conditioning - a deliberate
choice, to prevent the virus being blown around - and he notices that he and his colleagues
become "more irritable, more short with each other".
And his personal protective equipment, essential for avoiding infection, makes things worse
by creating a sweltering 'micro-climate' under the multiple layers of plastic. "It really hits you
when you first go in there," Dr Lee says, "and it's really uncomfortable over a whole shift of
eight hours - it affects morale."
One danger, he realises, is that overheating can slow down their ability to do something
that's vital for medical staff - make quick decisions. Another is that they may ignore the
warning signs of what's called heat stress - such as faintness and nausea - and keep on
working till they collapse.
What is heat stress?
It's when the body is unable to cool down properly so its core temperature keeps rising to
dangerous levels and key organs can shut down. It happens when the main technique for
getting rid of excess heat - the evaporation of sweat on the skin - can't take place because
the air is too humid. And as Dr Lee and other medics have found, the impermeable layers of
personal protection equipment (PPE) - designed to keep the virus out - have the effect of
preventing the sweat from evaporating.
According to Dr Rebecca Lucas, who researches physiology at the University of Birmingham,
the symptoms can escalate from fainting and disorientation to cramps and failure of the guts
and kidneys. "It can become very serious as you overheat, and in all areas of the body."
How can we spot it?
A system known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures not only heat but
also humidity and other factors to give a more realistic description of the conditions. Back in
the 1950s, the US military used it to work out guidelines for keeping soldiers safe.
When the WBGT reaches 29C, for example, the recommendation is to suspend exercise for
anyone not acclimatised. Yet that's the level Dr Lee and his colleagues are regularly
experiencing at Singapore's Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. And at the top of the scale -
when the WBGT registers 32C - the US says strenuous training should stop because the risk
becomes "extreme".
But levels that high have recently been recorded inside hospitals in Chennai in India by Prof
Vidhya Venugopal of the Sri Ramachandra University. She's also found workers in a salt pan
enduring a WBGT that climbs during the day to 33C - at which point they have to seek
shelter. And in a steel plant, a ferocious level of 41.7C was recorded, the workers being
among the most vulnerable to what she calls "the huge heat".
"If this happens day-in, day-out, people become dehydrated, there are cardiovascular issues,
kidney stones, heat exhaustion," Prof Venugopal says.
What solutions are there?
According to Dr Jimmy Lee, "it's not rocket science". People need to drink plenty of fluid
before they start work, take regular breaks and then drink again when they rest. His hospital
has started laying on "slushie" semi-frozen drinks to help the staff cool down. But he admits
that avoiding heat stress is easier said than done.
64
For him and his colleagues, going for rests involves the laborious process of changing out of
PPE and then back into a new set of equipment. There's a practical problem as well - "some
people do not want to drink so they can avoid having to go to the toilet," he says. And
there's a professional desire to keep working whatever the difficulties so as not to let
colleagues and patients down at a time of crisis.
People who are highly motivated can actually be at the greatest risk of heat injury, says Dr
Jason Lee, an associate professor in physiology at the National University of Singapore. He's a
leading member of a group specialising in the dangers of excessive heat, the Global Heat
Health Information Network, which has drawn up guidelines to help medics cope with Covid-
19.
It's spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO) and the US weather and climate agency Noaa. Dr Lee says that as well
as measures like rest and fluids - and shade for outdoor workers - a key strategy for resisting
heat stress is to be fit. "This climate change will be a bigger monster and we really need a
coordinated effort across nations to prepare for what is to come. "If not," he says, "there'll
be a price to be paid."
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53415298)
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text
“Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life
threatening conditions”
Mark the option that can replace the underlined sentence without changing its meaning
a) Many live in first world countries

b) Many work in developing countries
c) Many have as home emergent nations
d) Many do not live in underdeveloped nations
e) Many like to live in developing nations
Observe this comic strip to do item 54.
(Adapted from thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-07/184716)
65
54. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) About Clyde, we can assume that
a) He knows where he parked his car

b) He doesn’t know Carl
c) He doesn’t remember where he parked his car
d) He walked to the place where they are
e) He thought Carl had walked to the place they are
55. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct
a) The mother is responsible for the children

b) My sister are the best in the world
c) I make my bed this weekend
d) The Queen live in London
e) I’ll do a surgery this month
Directions: Answer questions 56 and 57 according to TEXT I.
TEXT I
We Need a COVID-19 Vaccine. We Also Need Transparency About Its Development

The authorization of an effective vaccine will mark perhaps the biggest turning point in the
battle against coronavirus, but only if enough people are willing to get vaccinated. There
have been substantial declines in public willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19,
despite immense, unprecedented public investments in vaccine development. In one survey,
barely half of Americans said they would get the vaccine as soon as it was available, numbers
that will undermine the benefits of even a highly effective vaccine.
It is no mystery why trust in a potential vaccine has plummeted. Operation Warp Speed, the
Trump Administration’s $10 billion vaccine initiative, and other vaccine efforts have
compressed processes that usually take years into months. This speed alone can raise
concerns, but to date, that pace has been matched with strict adherence to the basic
principles of scientific integrity. However, increasing politicization of key regulatory bodies
and unexplained decisions in trial procedures threaten to undermine the entire project. We
need a lot more transparency in this process to ensure that only a vaccine proven by data to
be safe and effective will be approved.
Unlike medical treatments given to the sick, vaccines are given to healthy people.
Historically, vaccines have been very safe and highly effective due to the rigor and care of
both the scientists conducting the trials, and the regulators deciding whether to approve
vaccines for public use. Even rare adverse events are carefully identified and studied. For
vaccinations to work, we must be able to trust our doctors when they tell us it is time for a
shot.
The coronavirus vaccine approval process has consequences that extend well beyond the
pandemic. Driven by misinformation, so-called “vaccine hesitancy” has been growing for
years. But as long as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could be trusted to rigorously
66
follow the science, most of us continued to get vaccinated. That has changed in the
pandemic. The politicization of the FDA—apparent in the handling of the authorization of
hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma, amongst others—has substantially damaged
faith in the FDA. If the FDA again acts politically in approving a vaccine, it will further increase
vaccine hesitancy. If safety concerns emerge after the vaccine has been approved,
confidence in vaccines could be destroyed for a generation, in a single stroke, undoing a
century of public health gains.
But restoring trust in FDA alone will not be enough. We need the companies making the
vaccines, and the researchers studying the data, to act differently as well. Recently, one of
the major trials—for the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, supported by more than $1 billion in
public funds from Operation Warp Speed—was paused following a possible adverse reaction
to the virus in a trial participant. But while the leadership of AstraZeneca mentioned the
event in a private phone call with investors, they did not share the details with the public. A
few days later, the trials resumed again, with little information of what changed. This will not
do. Given that the American taxpayer has invested billions of dollars into these trials, and will
foot the bill for billions more when the vaccine is released, the American people have a right
to know much more.
Beyond more fully disclosing safety events, the pharmaceutical companies working to
develop a vaccine should publish the protocols of their clinical trial protocols, as Moderna
did on Thursday, so we understand how the trials are structured, if changes have been
made, and why. This is essential. Further, they should publish their analysis plan so the
public can see what subgroups of patients the investigators had planned to study, why, and
whether their approach is sound. Each time a trial is paused tell the public what happened,
how it was investigated, and why the trial was allowed to continue.
Making these critical documents public would be unusual—they usually aren’t made public
until a trial is published. However, these are extraordinary times and failure to secure
confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine would have disastrous consequences.
With just weeks until the election, the pressure on the FDA to quickly approve a vaccine will
mount. But the more the timeline is politicized, the more vaccine hesitancy will grow.
Transparency can stem the tide of skepticism, even if it cannot entirely extinguish the
persistent current of misinformation and mistrust of science. We must practice aggressive
transparency, and let the FDA’s career scientists, not political appointees, make the decisions
about approvals and explain those decisions to the American people.
The public’s faith in the vaccine development process is a critical component of the vaccine,
because vaccines don’t save lives, vaccinations do. For a vaccine to help bring this pandemic
under control, hundreds of thousands of healthy Americans must undergo vaccination. We
need to assure them that the vaccines work—and that they are safe. These are
unprecedented times. They need unprecedented transparency.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5890216/transparency-covid-vaccine-development/)
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“In one survey, barely half of Americans said they would get the vaccine as soon as it was
available, numbers that will undermine the benefits of even a highly effective vaccine…”
(paragraph 1)
a) What is the impact of these numbers on a possible vaccine?

b) What are the benefits of a highly effective vaccine?
c) What are the harms of a vaccine made in record time?
d) Which statistics can undermine the benefits of even a highly effective vaccine?
57. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that replaces the underlined
expression keeping the same meaning
“We need a lot more transparency in this process…” (paragraph 2)
a) Much
b) Many
c) Very
d) Really
TEXT I
How to Make Homemade Face Masks More Effective
Five months after coronavirus took root in the U.S., face masks remain one of the most
controversial and confusing parts of the pandemic.
Changing public-health messaging hasn’t helped. In March, when personal protective
equipment (PPE) was running short, top U.S. public-health officials told Americans that the
general public did not need masks because they don’t fully block respiratory particles that
spread COVID-19, such as those in a sick person’s cough or sneeze. Most masks are best at
preventing particles from getting into the air where others might inhale them, so, at first, the
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that only sick people
wear them.
But as research progressed, studies showed compelling evidence that even asymptomatic
people could infect others with coronavirus—which meant anyone could be unknowingly
contagious, and everyone should be trying not to breathe on other people. As science
evolved—and a dire PPE shortage eased—the CDC revised its guidance to suggest that
everyone wear fabric masks in public.
President Donald Trump has also sent mixed messages on masks. He has called wearing
masks “patriotic,” but has also opted not to wear them during public appearances or require
them at his rallies. Other politicians have also resisted mandates on mask wearing—Georgia
Governor Brian Kemp even sued Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms after she required
them in public. (He later dropped the lawsuit.)
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As a result, many people are understandably confused about how masks work and when
they should be worn. The science continues to evolve, but here are experts’ latest
recommendations about masks and coronavirus.
How can I make homemade masks more effective?
“The more layers, the better,” says Raina MacIntyre, an infectious disease expert from the
University of New South Wales who has studied mask efficacy. In a recent study, MacIntyre
and her colleagues recommend a minimum of three layers of fabric. (That said, any face
covering is better than none. If all you’ve got is a bandana or t-shirt, wear that.)
While the layers closest to your face can be something soft, like cotton, the outer layer
should be a water-resistant fabric, like polyester, that can repel droplets. “There’s an easy
way to test any fabric,” MacIntyre says. “Take a piece of fabric and drop one drop of water
on it and see what happens.” If it soaks in, it’s not repellent enough for the outer layer. If it
beads up, you’re in business.”
Fit is also important. You can easily breathe in germs if there are gaps between the edges of
your mask and your face, MacIntyre says. For that reason, she recommends a face mask over
a face shield, which is typically open at the bottom.
Finally, your nose should be inside your mask at all times, says Ben Abbott, an
environmental sciences professor at Utah’s Brigham Young University who recently compiled
a guide to masks. “The droplets are produced as you breathe out of your nose just as easily
as when you breathe out of your mouth,” he says.
But aren’t medical masks better?
N95 masks, the fitted respirators doctors wear when caring for contagious patients, are
better than cloth masks at blocking viral particles from coming in. Cloth masks offer some
protection via a physical barrier—which gets more effective with more layers—but N95s
offer better filtration. However, the general public is urged not to buy N95 masks so there
are enough for health care workers and the highest-risk individuals.
Studies do show that multi-layered cloth masks are about as good as surgical masks at
containing the spray of respiratory particles when the wearer sneezes, coughs or talks. That
means if everyone wore a cloth mask in public, there would be far less virus circulating and a
much lower chance of anyone getting sick. “My mask protects you, your mask protects me,”
Abbott says.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5880867/face-masks-coronavirus/)
“…if everyone wore a cloth mask in public, there would be far less virus circulating and a
much lower chance of anyone getting sick.” (paragraph 11)
a) Why should people wear masks?

b) What are the harms of the mask?
c) Does everyone need to wear a mask?
d) How many layers a good mask should have?
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word keeping the same meaning
“As a result, many people are understandably confused…”
a) Much
b) Really
c) A lot
d) A lot of
TEXT I
My daughter wants to quit college, but still have us pay her rent
The dilemma After a gap year, my daughter is in her first year at university. She really
doesn’t find her course interesting and wants to quit. However, she wants to carry on living
with her friends and has committed to renting a house with them. She thinks we should
continue to pay her rent, which we would do if she was attending the course. It’s a financial
struggle for us, and my husband is totally against it.
I understand her reasoning – if we would fund her to do a degree she is not interested in and
have a miserable year, why wouldn’t we pay her to live with her friends and do her own
thing? We said she needs to work and figure out a way to pay her own way, but we’re
wondering realistically what jobs will be available by September.
I suggested going back, thinking hard about the modules she takes and seeing how it goes.
But she says it’s trapping her and she will end up with a dead-end degree. She does not want
to transfer to another course as none of them interest her (her field is quite specialised). A
fresh opinion on this would be welcome!
Mariella replies I’ll try my best. We both know you’re set on a collision course with your child
unless you capitulate. Continuing to subsidise your daughter to live with her friends despite
the absence of any tangible plan sounds like a recipe for disaster. It’s a scenario fraught with
bad messaging that’s likely to create damaging and unrealistic expectations. You don’t want
to send out a signal that, no matter how little she invests in her own future, you’ll be there
to cushion her fall. A dead-end degree is at least a journey towards a destination rather than
an open-ended drift. I’m not pushing for the academic qualification, that’s her choice to
make, but it certainly isn’t your responsibility to support her if she’s giving up on full-time
education.
Being free to make your own choices is partly predicated on being able to support yourself.
Achieving that state of independence is why people embark on careers. Without the
compulsion to make her own money your daughter could begin to make life choices based
on whims and fads rather than realistic ambitions. Your bank balance doesn’t sound like it
can sustain that level of investment in the long term, and nor should it have to.
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Having never enjoyed any form of financial cushion and being, I’ve come to realise,
fundamentally lazy, I can’t imagine what would have motivated me to work unless I had to.
The idea of loitering around pleasing myself has always appealed – so childhood penury was,
in some ways, a privilege.
I’m sure your daughter is a great girl and settling back and kicking up your heels during a
global financial meltdown when jobs are scarce and prospects bleak might be a tempting
solution. Who wouldn’t want to bolt the door and watch reruns of Friends with mates rather
than stepping, seemingly futilely, out into the world? But now is the very time when the
fightback has to begin and it’s your daughter’s generation who have the opportunity to
reshape this world into something more sustainable.
So, I’m not impressed with her assumption that the bank of Mum and Dad should continue
to pay out following a gap year and an abandoned college degree. It’s a bleak period for
anyone seeking employment and particularly the young, which makes it all the more illogical
for your daughter to abandon university when alternative possibilities are at a historic low.
There are those who seem to adopt as their default position in life the right to make poor
choices and then rely on others to subsidise them. It’s a bad habit to get into and not one
you want to encourage. Any action you take now to get your daughter to look at the world
more realistically may be painful in the short term, but it will pay dividends for her future. I
think you’re right to suggest she looks around for a course that she has more interest in, or
would enjoy more. The deal seems to me a simple one: we’ll subsidise you while you’re
spending your time in pursuit of education, but once you quit to pursue other options that
financial arrangement ends. I’m not suggesting there won’t be further occasions when she
might seek out your financial support, but to exist on a daily basis on someone else’s
earnings while not bothering to chase down a salary is the height of misplaced entitlement.
This is not an easy time to be making your way in the world so a crash course in positive
decision-making, a chastening blast of reality and discovering the value of expanding options
rather than shutting them down, could prove as worthy as her degree. We all want our
children to be happy and to cushion them when they fall, so perhaps the toughest phase of
parenting is actually when we set them free to make and then learn from their own
mistakes. If your girl has a plan to share, with a goal and an endpoint, I’d definitely give it a
hearing, but if it’s as noncommittal as the one she’s currently offering, my answer would be
a firm no. Then again my children think I’m horrible!
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jun/28/dar-mariella-my-daughter-wants-to-quit-college-but-still-
have-us-pay-her-rent)
60. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the correct question to the sentence below.
“I suggested going back, thinking hard about the modules she takes and seeing how it goes”
a) What did you suggest about the modules she takes?
b) How does she take modules and see how it goes?
c) How does it go when thinking hard?
d) What did she take and see how it goes?
TEXT I
71
The WHO has redefined burnout as a syndrome linked to chronic work stress. There’s a
difference between a busy workload and something more serious, writes Zaria Gorvett.
If you said you were suffering from ‘burnout’ in the early 1970s, you might have raised some
eyebrows.
At the time, the term was used informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users
experienced: the general dimming of the mental faculties, for example, as was the case with
many a party animal. However, when German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger
first recognised the problem of burnout in New York City in 1974, at a clinic for addicts and
homeless people, Freudenberger wasn’t thinking of drug users.
The clinic’s volunteers were actually struggling, too: their work was intense, and many were
beginning to feel demotivated and emotionally drained. Though they had once found their
jobs rewarding, they had become cynical and depressed; they weren’t giving their patients
the attention they deserved. Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition as a state
of exhaustion caused by prolonged overwork – and borrowed the term ‘burnout’ to describe
it.
Its popularity was explosive, and today burnout is a global phenomenon. Although statistics
on the prevalence of burnout specifically are hard to come by, 595,000 people in the UK
alone suffered from workplace stress in 2018.
Sportspeople get it. YouTube stars get it. Entrepreneurs get it. Freudenberger himself
eventually got it. Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the
trendy problem will be recognised in the latest International Classification of Diseases
manual, where it is described as a syndrome “resulting from chronic workplace stress that
has not been successfully managed”.
According to the WHO, burnout has three elements: feelings of exhaustion, mental
detachment from one’s job and poorer performance at work. But waiting until you’re
already fully burned out to do something about it doesn’t help at all –and you wouldn’t wait
to treat any other illness until it was too late.
Feeling the burn

So how can you tell if you’re almost – but not quite – burned out?
“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says
Siobhán Murray, a psychotherapist based in County Dublin, Ireland, and the author of a book
about burnout, The Burnout Solution. Murray suggests looking out for creeping bad habits,
such as increased alcohol consumpution and relying on sugar to get you through the day.
Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away. “So that even if you do sleep
well, by 10 in the morning you’re already counting down the hours to bed. Or not having the
energy to exercise or go for a walk.”
As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor.
“Depression and pre-burnout are very similar, but as much as there was a lot of enthusiasm
recently that burnout has now become a medical condition, it is still not – it is still classified
as an occupational phenomenon.” It’s important to get help from a medical professional who
can distinguish between the two, because although there are many treatment options for
depression, burnout is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes.
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And how do you know if you’re really on the cusp of burnout, or just going through a
challenging month? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,”
says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety, that we’re not
letting go, that it starts to turn into burnout.”
Take that big project you’ve been working on. It’s normal to feel a kick of adrenaline when
you think about it, and maybe it’s kept you up at night. But, Murray suggests, if you still feel
restless once it’s over, it’s time to consider if you’re at risk of burnout. “It’s when you’re
bringing that with you into the next stage of your day, and adding to it continually,” she says.
Another classic sign of inching closer to burnout is cynicism: feeling like your work has little
value, avoiding social commitments and becoming more susceptible to disappointment.
“Someone on the brink will probably begin to feel emotionally numbed or mentally distant,”
says Jacky Francis Walker, a psychotherapist based in London who specialises in burnout.
“Like they don’t have the capacity to engage as much in the ordinary things of life.”
She also recommends looking for the final tell-tale sign of burnout, which is the unshakeable
feeling that the quality of your work is beginning to slip. “People say ‘but this isn’t me!’, ‘I’m
not like this’, ‘I can usually do x,y and z’. But obviously if they are in a state of physical
depletion, then they aren’t in their normal range of capabilities,” says Walker.
If this seems less than scientific, look to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a test
designed to measure burnout. The most widely used is the MBI-General Survey, which
measures things like exhaustion, cynicism, and some how well you think you’re doing at
work.
First published in 1981, it has been cited hundreds of times in studies since. Although it’s
typically used to measure burnout once it's in full swing, there’s no reason you can't apply it
to see if you’re getting close.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190610-how-to-tell-if-youve-got-pre-burnout)
“Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition as a state of exhaustion caused by
prolonged overwork”
a) How did Freudenberger define this alarming new condition?
b) How has Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition?
c) How had Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition?
d) How did Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition?
62. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the sentence.

“they weren’t giving their patients the attention they deserved.” (paragraph 3)
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT
a) they weren’t giving as much attention to their patients as they deserved.
b) they were giving their patients less attention than they deserved.
c) they weren’t given the deserved attention by their patients.
d) patients deserved to be given more attention by them.
TEXT I
73
Over 100,000 Flamingos Reportedly Descend on Mumbai Amid India's Strict Coronavirus
Lockdown
As people around the world stay inside to fight the spread of coronavirus, wild animals have
begun to enjoy the newfound space. That appears to be what’s happened in the
metropolitan region of Mumbai, India, where a record-breaking number of flamingos have
migrated, painting the wetlands pink, according to local reports.
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) estimates that around 25% more flamingos have
migrated to the region compared to last year, likely caused by the decrease in human
activity, the Hindustan Times reports. The Science Times calculates around 150,000
flamingos have come to the area.
India has been under a strict lockdown since March 25, which has required over a billion
people to stay home and shutter all but essential services, in an attempt to stop the spread
of COVID-19, the disease caused by novel coronavirus. On May 1, the Indian government
extended the lockdown through May 18.
Flamingos typically migrate to wetlands of the metropolitan region of Mumbai from
November to May, Rhul Khot, the assistant director of the BNHS, told the Times. But this
year’s lockdown “is giving these birds peace for roosting, no disturbance in their attempt to
obtain food and overall encouraging habitat,” Deepak Apte, the director of the BNHS,
explained, per Times. He added that the increase is also likely tied to a successful breeding
season two years ago, as well as the destruction of wetlands on India’s eastern seafront that
could be pushing the birds to the Mumbai region, per the Times.
Khot also told the Times that an increase in “domestic sewage” from people staying at home
during the lockdown “is helping the undisturbed formation of planktons, algae and
microbenthos formation, which forms the food for flamingos and other wetland birds.”
As the coronavirus pandemic has continued, animals have been spotted throughout the
world in places that are usually dominated by humans. CNN reports that dolphins have swam
in India’s Ganges river for the first time in years, and hundreds of monkeys have
“descended” on Delhi as the city remains under lockdown. Cougars were reportedly spotted
prowling the streets in Santiago, Chile, in April; wild Kashmiri goats meandered through on
the town of Llandudno, Wales, in March.
“Residents are cooped up at home spending their mornings and evenings at their balconies
taking photographs and videos of these relaxed birds,” Sunil Agarwal, a resident of Seawoods
in Navi Mumbai, told the Times about the flamingos. “The lockdown will at least prompt
people to focus on what is around them, which they had been taking for granted, and
hopefully this site will be declared a flamingo sanctuary soon.”
(Adapted from https://time.com/5831198/flamingos-coronavirus/)
“around 25% more flamingos have migrated to the region.”
a) How many more flamingos have migrated to the region?
b) How much more flamingos have migrated to the region?
c) How many flamingos have migrated to the region?
d) How much flamingos have migrated to the region?
74
Read text I in order to answer item 64.
Helping at a hospital
Every year many young people finish school and then take a year off before they start work
or go to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give
their time to help people. For example, they work in schools or hospitals, or they help with
conservation.
Mike Coleman is 19 and ________ in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to
become a teacher but now he ________ in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima
Mulilo. He says, "I'm working with the doctors and nurses here to help sick people. I'm not a
doctor but can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry people who can't walk.
Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so
they need help from people like me. don't get any money, but that's OK! I'm not here for the
money."
"I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small house with five other volunteers.
The work is hard and the days are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about
life in Southern Africa and about myself! When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel
in and around Namibia for three weeks. For example, I want to see the animals in the
Okavango Delta in Botswana."
http:// vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org
64. (CN – 2017) Mark the right option to fill in the following sentence.
Why is Mike Coleman in Namibia, South Africa?

Because _________________
(A) he doesn't want to go to college.

(B) he wants to become a teacher.
(C) money is never important.
(D) it's a cheap way to travel.
(E) he believes that volunteering is nice.
65. (CN – 2017) Read the information in the box below.
FOOD FACTS
- There's .81 ounces of sugar in an orange.
- There are twelve eggs in a cartoon.
- There are about 126 calories in a banana.
Now read the questions.
I- How many sugar is there in an orange?

II- How much sugar is there in an orange?
75
I- How many eggs are there in a carton?
II- How much eggs are there in a carton?
I- How many calories are there in a banana?

II- How much calorie is there in a banana?
Choose the right questions for the information in respectively:
(A) II - I - II
(B) II - I - I
(C) I - II - I
(D) I - I - II
(E) II - II - I
66. (CN – 2017) Match the questions to the answers.
(1) Are you on vacation?

(2) Where's she from?
(3) Are you and Ana married?
(4) Is Julie Italian?
( ) Yes, we are.
( ) She's from Italy.
( ) No, she isn't.
( ) No, I'm not.
Choose the option with the correct order
(A) 3 - 2 - 4 - 1
(B) 1 - 2 - 4 - 3
(C) 3 - 4 - 2 - 1
(D) 1 - 4 - 2 - 3
(E) 1 - 4 - 3 - 2
Read text II to do questions 67 and 68 based on it.
TEXT II
TRAVEL TIPS
How to Plan a Movie-Themed Vacation

It’s easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy the places where your favorite movies
were made.
76
Lars Leetaru
By Shivani Vora
March 8, 2018
Whether it’s the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy in New Zealand or "Roman Holiday” in Rome,
many noteworthy movies are filmed in appealing locales all over the world that travelers
may want to visit and enjoy.
According to Angela Tillson, a film location manager in Kauai who has worked on the set of
films including "Jurassic Park: The Lost World” and “The Descendants," exploring a beloved
movie set destination through the eyes of the film makes for an enjoyable vacation. "Seeing
a place with a focus on a movie you love will give you a perspective that the average tourist
doesn’t usually get. You’ll certainly have a better impression of the place,” she said. Here are
her tips to get started.
Choose Your Destination
If there’s a movie you love, you can find out where it was filmed by looking at the credits at
the end of the film or by going online to The Internet Movie Database, also known as IMDB,
which often lists filming locations. Once you know the locale, you can start planning your
trip. Or, consider doing what Ms. Tillson often does when deciding on where to vacation:
pick a spot you’re interested in visiting, and find out what movies have been filmed there.
“It’s fun to sometimes let a destination determine the movie you're going to live rather than
the other way around,” Ms. Tillson said.
Get in the Mood
Before you head to your destination, be sure to rewatch the movie. A rewatch not only
reminds you of identifiable spots to look out for during your trip, but it also adds to the
excitement of your upcoming exploration.
If the movie is based on a book, consider reading the book, too. It may have details about
the locale that the movie doesn’t touch on. Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it
into the movie adaptations, which gives you a deeper view of the destination. Ms. Tillson
also recommended downloading the movie’s soundtrack or score, and listening to it
throughout your trip.
Book a Themed Trip
Some travel companies sell set itineraries focused on popular movies. Luxury tour operator
Zicasso, for example, has an eight-day trip, all inclusive, to Ireland inspired by "Star Wars:
The Last Jedi” and Wild Frontiers has an eleven-day trip to India inspired by "The Best Exotic
Marigold Hotel." Ms. Tillson suggested doing a web search or checking with a travel agent to
find out about such trips.
Also, in some destinations, local tour operators and hotels sell movie-themed tours. For
instance, The St. Regis Priceville Resort offers a tour that includes a private helicopter ride to
Manawaiopuna Falls, made famous in "Jurassic Park,” and an ATV tour of filming locations of
movies such as “Raiders of the Lost Ark" and “Pirates of the Caribbean.” Lunch is even
included. The cost is $5,674 for two adults.
A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour “Roman Holiday" themed excursion
from HR Tours, where travelers ride a Vespa with a driver and see all the sites from the
movie; the cost is 170 euros per person.
Hang Where the Movie Crew Did
77
When they’re not working, movie crews enjoy hitting local bars and casual restaurants that
serve tasty local cuisine, Ms. Tillson said.
Find out where the behind-the-scenes staff of your film spent their time by asking your
destination’s tourist board or your hotel’s concierge, and check out a few of the spots. “It’s
another way to get involved in the film and spend time in bars and restaurants that you
wouldn’t normally think to hit,” she said.
67. (CN – 2018) Mark the sentence that does NOT contain the use of comparative adjective.
(A) It's easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy the places where your favorite
movies were made.
(B) You’ll certainly have a better impression of the place.
(C) It’s fun to sometimes let a destination determine the movie you’re going to live rather
than the other way around.
(D) Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it into the movie adaptations, which gives
you a deeper view of the destination.
(E) A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour Roman Holiday themed excursion
from HR Tours.
68. (CN – 2018) Mark the correct question for the following answer.
Angela Tillson is a film location manager in Kauai who has worked on the set of films
including “Jurassic Park: The Lost World” and “The Descendants”.
(A) Who is Ms. Tilson?

(B) Where is Ms. Tilson?
(C) What is Ms. Tilson like?
(D) Why is Ms. Tilson working?
(E) When does Ms. Tilson work?
69. (CN – 2018) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct.
(A) How many girls are there at your party last week?
(B) Is there anybody in room 201 at the moment?
(C) Sarah said there is twelve people waiting.
(D) There isn’t an accident in our street last night.
(E) There is exercise bars so you can work out.
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss
The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The
78
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that
went beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by
standardized tests.
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added
an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became
highly popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who
did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow
became synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner
explains why the former is not the latter.
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been
gratified by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums,
and business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to
distraction and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to
credit me with the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with
‘learning styles’. It’s high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight.
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the
study of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each
of us has a number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our
‘multiple intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence
assumes that we have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we
perform in every sector of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that
human beings have 7 to 10 distinct intelligences.
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied
about in educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children
(indeed all of us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find
out about learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they
value, and above all, are effective.
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know
this? What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we
compensate by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or
tactile? Same issues apply.
Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the
drawing boards’.
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Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain:
Intelligence: We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong
intelligence, an area where the person has considerable computational power. Style or
learning style: A hypothesis of how an individual approaches the range of materials. If an
individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is hypothesized to be reflective about the full range
of materials. We cannot assume that reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals
reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others.
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This
notion is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they
make use of entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental
computer, the intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up.
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a
‘visual learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be
unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst.
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and
that strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in
any other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common
sense ways of assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take
a more formal test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide
how best to make use of this information.
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet)
Glossary:
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for
teaching with objects.
70. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “there was a single kind that could be measured by
standardized tests”, it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly
in
a) when.
b) which
c) how.
d) whom.
71. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “it’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple
intelligences’”, the contraction refers to
a) It has.
b) It been.
c) It is.
d) It was.
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72. (AFA – 2017) Mark the option which shows the appropriate question tag for the sentence
“one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction”.
a) Hasn’t driven it?

b) Not has it?
c) Has it?
d) Hasn’t it?
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 73:
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to say in Australia
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics – both obtained in
English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet
on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, she has excellent
grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak
English well enough to stay Australia.
But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test – score
by a machine – essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she
can fluently speak her own language.
Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek permanent residency in Australia. She
knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when she
got the results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and
reading, (…). She got 74 when the government requires 79. “There´s obviously a flaw in the
computer software, when a person with perfect, oral fluency cannot get enough points”, she
said.
The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-
based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates’ responses. “We do not offer a
pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for
people seeking permanent residency”, they say.
Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging
visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian
husband.
73. (EsPCEx - 2021) According the context, the missing part of paragraph 3 is…
While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (…).
(A) She got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
(B) She couldn´t get the results on the computer software.
(C) She didn´t have enough time to take the listening test.
(D) She failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
(E) She was not able to write a composition.
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Biden's VP pick: Why Kamala Harris embraces her biracial roots
US Senator Kamala Harris - a potential Democratic vice-presidential candidate - is known as a
prominent African-American politician. But she has also embraced her Indian roots.
"My name is pronounced "Comma-la", like the punctuation mark," Kamala Harris writes in
her 2018 autobiography, The Truths We Hold.
The California senator, daughter of an Indian-born mother and Jamaican-born father, then
explains the meaning of her Indian name.
"It means 'lotus flower', which is a symbol of significance in Indian culture. A lotus grows
underwater, its flowers rising above the surface while the roots are planted firmly in the
river bottom."
Early in life, young Kamala and her sister Maya grew up in a house filled with music by black
American artists. Her mother would sing along to Aretha Franklin's early gospel, and her jazz-
loving father, who taught economics at Stanford University, would play Thelonius Monk and
John Coltrane on the turntable.
Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris separated when Ms Harris was five. Raised primarily by
her Hindu single mother, a cancer researcher and a civil rights activist, Kamala, Maya and
Shyamala were known as 'Shyamala and the girls'.
Her mother made sure her two daughters were aware of their African-American background.
"My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters. She knew that her
adopted homeland would see Maya and me as black girls, and she was determined to make
sure we would grow into confident black women," she wrote.
"Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life,"
wrote the Washington Post last year.
When she ran for a senate seat in 2015, the Economist magazine described her as the
"daughter of an Indian cancer researcher and a Jamaican economics professor, she is the
first woman, first African-American and first Asian attorney general of California".
The 55-year-old senator says she has not grappled with her identity and describes herself
simply as "an American".
Ms Harris writes her mother kept working right up to the moment of delivery of both her
daughters - "in the first case her water broke when she was at the lab; and the other while
she was making apple strudel". Back in India, Gopalan had been raised in a household of
"political activism and civic leadership".
Her grandmother never attended high school, but was a community organiser taking in
victims of domestic violence and educating women about contraception. Her grandfather,
PV Gopalan, was a senior diplomat in the Indian government who lived in Zambia after it
gained independence, and he helped settle refugees.
In her book, she doesn't say too much about her trips to India. But she writes she is close to
her mother's brother and two sisters, with whom she kept in touch through long distance
calls and letters and periodic trips. Ms Harris's mother died in 2009, at age 70.
US Democratic Party activists like Shekar Narasimhan says her candidacy would be "seismic"
for the Indian-American community. "She's a woman, she biracial, she will help win the
election for Biden, she appeals to various communities and she's really smart."
"Why should Indian-Americans not be proud of her? It's a signal that we are coming of age."
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-53745141)
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74. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Choose the option which contains the most
appropriate negative for
“My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters.”
a) My mother understood very well she was raising two non-black daughters.
b) My mother didn’t understand very well she was raising two black daughters.
c) My mother hasn’t understood very well she was raising two black daughters.
d) My mother didn’t understand very well she wasn’t raising two black daughters.
e) My mother didn’t understand very well she was raising two white daughters.
Read text I to do item 75.
Some of America's biggest tech firms on Monday backed a challenge to President Donald
Trump's restrictions on foreign workers.
Amazon, Apple and Facebook are among the companies arguing that the temporary visa
bans will damage US firms.
Mr Trump imposed restrictions on some foreign workers to safeguard jobs for Americans
during the virus pandemic.
Many of those affected by the measures are technology workers from India.
Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter and other big technology companies also backed the lawsuit,
which was filed last month by major US business associations.
Those industry groups included the National Association of Manufacturers, which represents
14,000 firms, and America's biggest business association, the US Chamber of Commerce.
The brief argued that the visa restrictions, which were announced in June, will hurt US
businesses.
The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption” that it
would protect American jobs as it would mean they may now have to employ people in
other countries.
The brief said: “Global competitors in Canada, China, and India, among others, are pouncing
at the opportunity to attract well-trained, innovative individuals.
“And American businesses are scrambling to adjust, hiring needed talent to work in locations
outside our nation’s borders,” it continued.
They also contended that it could do irreparable damage to American businesses, workers
and further hurt the already struggling US economy.
Mr Trump's proclamation suspended the entry of a range of foreign workers until the end of
this year.
Adapted from <https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53732395>

Read the extract from the text.
“The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption”...”
a) Who said the proclamation was based on a “false assumption”?
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b) What did companies say about Mr. Trump’s proclamation?
c) What was Mr. Trump’s proclamation based on?
d) Who proclamation was based on a “false assumption”?
e) Whose proclamation was based on a “false assumption”?

Match the questions and answers.
I. How is it going?
II. How do you like your job?
III. How do I go about getting to the meat shop?
IV. How do you like your coffee?
( ) I love it!
( ) just great!
( ) I like really sweet.
( ) You’re just in front of it.
a) (II) (I) (III) (IV)
b) (I) (II) (III) (IV)
c) (II) (I) (IV) (III)
d) (I) (II) (IV) (III)
e) (II) (IV) (I) (III)
Directions: Answer question 77 according to the text.
TEXT
SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype Soars on Epic Test Launch, with Explosive Landing
Despite its “rapid unplanned disassembly,” the company’s highest-yet flight of its next-generation
rocket was a success
The latest Starship prototype, a shiny silver vehicle known as SN8, launched on an epic
high-altitude test flight today (Dec. 9), taking off at 5:45 p.m. EST (2245 GMT) from SpaceX’s
facility near the South Texas village of Boca Chica. The goal was to soar about 7.8 miles (12.5
kilometers) into the sky, perform some complex aerial maneuvers—including a “belly flop”
like the one the final Starship will perform when coming back to Earth on operational
flights—and then land safely near the launch stand.
The 165-foot-tall (50 meters) SN8 appeared to notch all of these big milestones, except
for the final one: The vehicle hit its landing mark but came in too fast, exploding in a
dramatic fireball 6 minutes and 42 seconds after liftoff. SN8’s rapid unplanned disassembly
did nothing to dampen the spirits of SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk, who was thrilled by
the results of today’s flight.
“Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to
be high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! Congrats SpaceX team hell yeah!!” Musk
tweeted this evening. “Mars, here we come!” he added in another tweet. Musk was not
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expecting complete, wire-to-wire success today; he had previously given SN8 (short for
“Serial No. 8”) just a 1-in-3 chance of landing in one piece.
That’s because today’s flight was far more complex and demanding than any other
Starship prototype test. The previous altitude record was about 500 feet (150 m), achieved
by three different Starship vehicles—the stubby Starhopper, SN5 and SN6.
All three of those predecessors were pretty bare-bones; they looked like flying silos and
featured just one of SpaceX’s next-generation Raptor engines. SN8 was much more capable
and complex. It was powered by three Raptors and had a nose cone and stabilizing body
flaps. These new pieces did their jobs well today, Musk said in another tweet: “Successful
ascent, switchover to header tanks & precise flap control to landing point!”
SpaceX is developing Starship to carry people and cargo to the moon, Mars and other
distant destinations. The system consists of two elements: a stainless-steel spacecraft called
Starship, which will sport six Raptors, and a giant rocket known as Super Heavy, which will
have about 30 of the engines.
Both of these vehicles will be fully and rapidly reusable, Musk has said. Starship will be
capable of making many trips from Earth to Mars and back, and each Super Heavy will rack
up many launches during its life. (Starship will be powerful enough to launch itself off the
moon and Mars, but it will need Super Heavy to get off our much more massive Earth.)
SpaceX wants Starship and Super Heavy to be operational soon. NASA’s Artemis program
is considering using Starship to land astronauts on the lunar surface, for example, and the
first of those touchdowns is targeted for 2024. And Musk recently said he’s confident that
SpaceX will launch its first crewed Mars mission by 2026, with the milestone possible in 2024
“if we’re lucky.”
SpaceX aims to meet this ambitious timeline by iterating fast and flying often. The
company is building multiple Starship prototypes at its South Texas site, and we should
expect those coming vehicles to get off the ground fairly soon—especially SN9, which is
apparently nearly done.
SN9 and SN10 will be quite similar to the three-engine SN8, featuring “many small
improvements” over the vehicle that flew today, Musk said via Twitter on Nov. 24. “Major
upgrades are slated for SN15," he said in another tweet that day.
Today’s launch was originally scheduled to take place yesterday (Dec. 8). But SN8
detected something abnormal with one or more of its Raptors and aborted the attempt
automatically less than two seconds before liftoff.
(Adapted from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexs-starship-sn8-prototype-soars-on-epic-test-launch-with-explosive-
landing/)

“many small improvements” (paragraph 10) is the same as
a) some small improvements.
b) few small improvements.
c) much small improvements.
d) lots of small improvements.
e) most small improvements.
When secret coronavirus contracts are awarded without competition, it's deadly serious
85
This stinks. It stinks worse than any of the other carrion this government has buried. Every
day for the past fortnight, I’ve been asking myself why this scandal isn’t all over the front
pages. Under cover of the pandemic, the government has awarded contracts worth billions
of pounds for equipment on which our lives depend, without competition or transparency. It
has trampled on its own rules, operated secretly and made incomprehensible and – in some
cases – highly questionable decisions.
Let’s begin with the latest case, unearthed by investigative journalists at the Guardian and
openDemocracy. It involves a contract to test the effectiveness of the government’s
coronavirus messaging, worth £840,000. It was issued by the Cabinet Office, which is run by
Michael Gove. The deal appears to have been struck on 3 March, but the only written record
in the public domain is a letter dated 5 June, retrospectively offering the contract that had
already been granted. There was no advertisement for the work, and no competition. No
official notice of the award has yet been published. The deal appears to have been done with
a handshake and a slap on the back.
But we do know who the contract went to. It’s a company called Public First, owned by a
married couple, James Frayne and Rachel Wolf. Since 2000, Frayne has worked on political
campaigns with Dominic Cummings, Boris Johnson’s chief adviser. When Gove was education
secretary, he brought both Cummings and Frayne into his department. Cummings was
Gove’s chief political adviser, while Frayne was his director of communications. At roughly
the same time, in 2010, Gove’s department awarded Wolf a £500,000 contract to promote
his “free schools” obsession. Guess what? That didn’t go to competitive tender, either. Wolf
co-wrote the Conservative party’s election manifesto in 2019.
In response to these latest revelations, the government claims it had to override the usual
rules for public procurement because it was responding to an emergency. There are several
problems with this claim. The first is that six weeks elapsed between the government’s first
recognition that coronavirus presented a potentially serious public health risk and striking
the deal with Public First. The second is that, of the four contracted services later listed on
the government’s website, two were not for testing the government’s coronavirus
messaging at all, but for “EU exit comms”: in other words, Brexit. The coronavirus work,
according to this list, did not begin until 27 May. The Cabinet Office now claims that when it
said “EU exit”, it meant coronavirus. This seems an odd mistake to make.
The third problem is that the government’s communications on the pandemic have been
disastrous. Did it choose to ignore Public First’s “emergency” work, or was it of little value?
On Friday, the Good Law Project (GLP) issued proceedings in the high court against Gove,
alleging breaches of procurement law and apparent bias in the granting of the contract to his
longstanding associates. It is crowdfunding the challenge.
But this, extraordinary as it is, is not the strangest of the cases the GLP is taking on. Another
involves a pest control company in West Sussex called PestFix, which, according to the GLP,
has listed net assets of only £18,000. On 13 April, again without public advertisement or
competition, the government awarded PestFix a £32m contract to supply surgical gowns.
PestFix is not a manufacturer, but an intermediary (its founder calls it a public health supply
business): its role was to order the gowns from China. But, perhaps because of its lack of
assets, the government had to give it a deposit worth 75% of the value of the contract. The
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government’s own rules state that prepayments should be made only “in extremely limited
and exceptional circumstances”, and even then must be “capped at 25% of the value of the
contract”.
If the government had to provide the money upfront, why didn’t it order the gowns itself?
And why, of all possible outsourcers, did it choose PestFix? In the two weeks before it
awarded this contract, it was approached by 16,000 companies offering to supply personal
protective equipment (PPE). Some of them had a long track record in manufacturing or
supplying PPE, and had stocks that could be deployed immediately.
Again, the government relies on the emergency defence to justify its decision. But it issued
its initial guidance on preventing infection among health and care workers on 10 January. On
14 February, it published specific guidance on the use of PPE. So why did it wait until 13 April
to strike its “emergency” deal with PestFix? Moreover, it appears to have set the company
no deadline for the delivery of the gowns. Astonishingly, even today only half of them appear
to have reached the UK, and all those are still sitting in a warehouse in Daventry. On the
government’s own admission, “none of the isolation suits delivered so far has been supplied
into the NHS”. So much for taking urgent action in response to the emergency.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/coronavirus-contracts-government-
transparency-pandemic)
“The deal appears to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.”
a) The deal appears to haven’t been done with a handshake and a slap on the back..
b) The deal doesn’t appear to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
c) The deal didn’t appear to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
d) The deal hasn’t appeared to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
e) The deal appears to have been not done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
Why does Churchill divide opinion?
Winston Churchill, who lived between 30 November 1874 and 24 January 1965, is often
named among Britain's greatest-ever people but for some he remains an intensely
controversial figure.
Despite his leading the country through the darkest hours of World War Two and being
prime minister twice, critics point to his comments on race and some of his actions during
both world wars.
Churchill told the Palestine Royal Commission that he did not admit wrong had been done to
Native Americans or aboriginal Australians as "a stronger race, a higher-grade race, a more
worldly wise race to put it that way, has come in and taken their place".
His supporters argue that he was by no means the only person to hold these sorts of views
during the period.
He also advocated the use of chemical weapons, "I am strongly in favour of using poisoned
gas against uncivilised tribes," he wrote in a memo.
87
Another criticism is for his part in the Bengal famine in India in 1943, during which at least
three million people are believed to have died after Allied forces halted the movement of
food in the region - including through British-run India - following the Japanese occupation of
Burma.
The statue in London's Parliament Square was boxed up ahead of a Black Lives Matter
protest in Westminster on Friday evening.
A demonstration planned for Saturday was brought forward by a day because of fears there
could be violent clashes with far-right groups.
The Met Police have placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on Saturday,
including requiring demonstrations to end at 17:00 BST.
Thousands of people gathered in Central London on Saturday, including around the
Cenotaph war memorial in Whitehall and the nearby Churchill statue.
The protesters, who were largely white men of right-wing activists and groups of football
supporters, sang the national anthem and chanted "England", amid a tense atmosphere and
heavy police presence.
Among the demonstrators was Paul Golding, leader of far-right group Britain First, who said
they had turned out to "guard our monuments".
Other monuments have been removed ahead of separate protests planned over the
weekend, while the Cenotaph has also been covered.
Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said other "key statues", including one of Nelson Mandela,
would be protected, saying there was a risk statues could become a "flashpoint for violence".
It comes after the statue of slave trader Edward Colston was thrown into the harbour in
Bristol during a Black Lives Matter protest on Sunday. Demonstrations have been taking
place across the world following the death in police custody of African American George
Floyd in Minneapolis last month.
Adapted from Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53033550)
“The Met Police have placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on Saturday”
a) The Met Police have placed restrictions on several groups not intending to protest on
Saturday.
b) The Met Police haven’t placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
c) The Met Police didn’t have placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
d) The Met Police didn’t place restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
e) The Met Police haven’t placed no restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
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80. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences express
probability?
a) You mustn’t do that to your family

b) I have to do my homework until the end of the week
c) You should have patient to do meditation
d) He can choose what he wants in this store
e) I did very well at school, I think I’ll have great grades
81. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences expresses
probability?
a) She can choose what she wants to do for a living.

b) One should have great balance to do yoga.
c) You must have your homework done by the end of the day.
d) He did a great job! I think he should get a promotion.
e) People mustn’t park his car in this parking spot.
82. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which is the correct option to replace the expression
“have few” in the paragraph below so that the meaning remains the same?
It’s difficult when you have few tools and need to repair a power generator.
a) Get rid of
b) Run out of
c) Are short of
d) Get away with
e) Check up on
83. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Mark the only option which is INCORRECT.
a) If I were you, I wouldn’t go out without a heavy coat.

b) If you had done your job, your boss wouldn’t have punished you.
c) He wouldn’t have won the game if he hadn’t played the game.
d) She’d be a more intelligent person if she had more time to study.
e) He’d be a successful person if he is willing to work hard.
84. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which word best completes the question below?
How ____ time per day do you spend studying?
A study routine is very important to achieve your goals.
a) Many
b) Much
89
c) Often
d) Lot of
e) Very
85. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Read the sentences below
I. You shouldn’t eat so ____.

II. I haven't been feeling very confident ____.
III. I work very ____ to get what I want.
Which option completes the sentences correctly?
a) Fastly / lately / hardly

b) Fast / lately / hardly
c) Fastly / late / hard
d) Fast / lately / hard
e) Fast / late / hard
86. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the sentence below
correctly?
He's done a great job, _____?
a) Hasn’t he
b) Has he
c) Isn’t he
d) Didn’t he
e) Haven’t he
87. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the dialogue below
correctly?
John: What's the problem?

Mary: I haven’t done my homework yet. I must _______ today.
(A) have done it

(B) have it done
(C) done it
(D) has done it
(E) has it done
88. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the text below correctly?
Most adults in the UK are eating more calories than they need and _____ eat fewer calories.
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It's recommended that you eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruit and veg every day.
They _____ be fresh, frozen, canned, dried or juiced.
(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/eight-tips-for-healthy-eating/)
(A) can't / can

(B) should / shouldn’t
(C) shouldn't / can't
(D) should / can
(E) shouldn't / should
89. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct.
(A) If your car didn't start, you could called a mechanic.

(B) If your car wouldn't have started, you could call a mechanic.
(C) If your car hadn't started, you could be able to call a mechanic.
(D) If your car won’t start, you can call a mechanic.
(E) If your car doesn’t start, you could called a mechanic.
correctly?
One of the most interesting projects handed over more than a ton of tin cans, glass
bottles, and old climbing tools to artists in Nepal, _______?
(Adapted from: https://ngl.cengage.com/assets/downloads/grex_pro0000000538/grex2_su8.pdf)
(A) doesn’t it
(B) hasn't it
(C) didn’t it
(D) don't they
(E) didn’t They
How ______ does he go for a run?
It’s really important to exercise in order to keep healthy.
(A) far
(B) old
(C) high
(D) often
(E) many
Most people are living in a sedentary way, but they ______ be more active in order to be
healthier instead.
It's recommended that you do some kind of exercise at least 3 times a week. It _____ be
running, swimming, or simply walking.
91
(A) can't / can
(D) should / can
(A) If you didn't feel well, you could called a doctor.
(B) If you wouldn't have felt well, you could call a doctor.
(C) If you hadn't felt well, you could be able to call a doctor.
(D) If you won’t feel well, you can call a doctor.
(E) If you don’t start, you could called a doctor.
correctly?
Dreams might be made from the thoughts we have during the day, _______?
(A) aren’t they

(B) don’t they
(C) mightn’t they
(D) not might they
(E) didn’t They
How ______ does he go when he runs?
(A) often
(B) old
(C) high
(D) far
(E) many
Nowadays we live in a bipolar society. We _______ be able to unite instead of separating
ourselves.
Anyone _______ do this. One just have to have a good dose of determination to do so.
(A) can't / can

(B)should / shouldn’t
(D) should / can
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(A) If you didn't like doing it, you could done something different.
(B) If you wouldn't have liked doing that, you could do something different.
(C) If you hadn't liked doing that, you could be able to do something different.
(D) If you won’t like doing it, you can do something different.
(E) If you don’t like doing it, you could done something different.
correctly?
Great things have been done be corageous people in history, _______?
(A) aren’t they

(B) don’t they
(C) haven’t they
(D) hasn’t they
(E) didn’t They
99. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct alternative to complete the statements.
I – They _____ the search after three hours. It was hopeless.

II – Somebody’s got to _____ those high principles.
III - We shouldn’t _____ their arguments so easily.
IV – I’m trying to _____ my own work.
V - What a preposterous idea! Jane will never _____ with it!
(A) gave up / stand up for / give in / catch up on / get away

(B) carried out / stand up to / give over / catch up on / get ahead
(C) gave up / stand up to / give over / catch up with / get across
(D) gave up / stand up for / give over / catch up with / get along
(E) carried out / stand up to I given in / catch up on / get through
100. (EFOMM – 2017) Choose the option that correctly completes the text below,
respectively.
“______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to
the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old
bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish, ______ it derived no particular benefit
from him, but ______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the people who amused
him.”
(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins Classics.)
( a ) On / which / nonetheless / that
( b ) About / where / notwithstanding / which
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( c ) In / who / instead / whom
( d ) At / whom / because / who
( e ) Around / that / consequently / which
5.1 GABARITO
1. E 21. B 41. E 61. A 81. D

2. C 22. A 42. E 62. A 82. C
3. B 23. D 43. B 63. C 83. E
4. D 24. C 44. E 64. A 84. B
5. A 25. D 45. B 65. E 85. D
6. D 26. A 46. E 66. B 86. A
7. B 27. B 47. E 67. A 87. B
8. A 28. D 48. B 68. C 88. D
9. B 29. A 49. E 69. A 89. D
10. A 30. A 50. B 70. B 90. C
11. B 31. E 51. B 71. B 91. D
12. C 32. E 52. B 72. A 92. D
13. A 33. C 53. D 73. D 93. D
14. B 34. A 54. C 74. D 94. C
15. C 35. B 55. C 75. B 95. D
16. C 36. A 56. A 76. E 96. D
17. A 37. E 57. A 77. C 97. D
18. D 38. B 58. A 78. D 98. C
19. C 39. B 59. A 79. B 99. A
20. E 40. B 60. D 80. E 100. D
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6. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA)

In “I was wondering if you’d like to come and spend a few days at the shore.” (lines 9 and 10), the
underlined letter is a contracted form of:
’d pode ter dois significados em Inglês: had ou would. Para saber qual dos dois é, você tem que
observar o verbo que vem logo em seguida.
Se o verbo estiver na sua forma base (“normal”, sem alterações, do jeito que ele “nasceu”, ’d
representa would, transformando o verbo que vem em seguida em “ria” - é o caso da questão-
like, gostar, vira gostaria.
Se o verbo estiver no particípio, ’d significa had, compondo o tempo verbal Past Perfect- por
exemplo, se tivéssemos, no caso, had liked = havia gostado.
a) had
ERRADA, conforme explicado acima.
b) did
Formalmente, ’d não significa did. ERRADA.
c) would
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CORRETA, conforme explicado acima.
d) do
’d não pode significar do. ERRADA.
Gabarito: C
Read the dialogue and answer questions 2 and 3.
Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired.

Mom: He may have stayed up all night.
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) “May”, in bold type in the dialogue, expresses
a) impossibility.
b) possibility.
c) permission.
d) certainty.
Comentários:
A palavra “may” é um verbo modal que pode indica possibilidade. Isso elimina a alternativa A,
que fala de impossibilidade, a letra C, que fala sobre permissão e a letra D, que fala sobre certeza.
A única alternativa que fala sobre possibilidade, que é a significação do verbo modal “may”.
GABARITO: B
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) “So”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning
to
a) such
b) much
c) many
d) very
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “so” está agindo como um advérbio de intensidade,
enquanto “such” é um adjetivo que nem se encaixa nesse contexto.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “so” está agindo como um advérbio de intensidade,
enquanto “much” é um pronome indefinido que nem se encaixa nesse contexto.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “so” está agindo como um advérbio de intensidade,
enquanto “many” é um pronome indefinido que nem se encaixa nesse contexto.
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “so” está agindo como um advérbio de intensidade, e
“very” também funcionaria como um advérbio de intensidade, encaixando-se perfeitamente
nesse contexto.
GABARITO: D
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Read the paragraph below and answer question 4.
In 1829, a poor tailor in Paris, Barthelémy Thimonnier, invented the first sewing machine in the
world and made eighty of them.
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Which of the following questions cannot be

answered with information from the text?
a) Where did the inventor of the first sewing machine die?

b) Who was the inventor of the first sewing machine?
c) When was the first sewing machine invented?
d) How many sewing machines were made?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. Essa alternativa pergunta onde o inventor da primeira máquina de
costura morreu. Essa pergunta não pode ser respondida com o trecho do enunciado, pois o trecho
não diz onde o inventor morreu, dizendo apenas que ele era de Paris.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Essa alternativa pergunta quem foi o inventor da primeira máquina
de costura. Essa resposta pode ser encontrada no enunciado, já que o trecho identifica
Barthelémy Thimonnier como o inventor da primeira máquina de costura.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa pergunta quando foi inventada a primeira máquina
de costura. Essa resposta pode ser encontrada no enunciado, já que o trecho identifica 1829 como
o ano em que foi inventada a primeira máquina de costura.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Essa alternativa pergunta quantas máquinas de costura foram
produzidas. Essa resposta pode ser encontrada no enunciado, já que o trecho diz que foram
produzidas 80 máquinas pelo seu inventor.
GABARITO: A
Read the text and answer question 5.

Spain warned of dire impact of second coronavirus lockdown
As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases, a chorus of voices is warning
that another lockdown could have dire consequences for a country that just months ago
emerged from one of Europe’s strictest confinements.
While cases of the virus have climbed across Europe, Spain has led the pack in recent days.
More than 78,000 cases have been detected in the past two weeks, pushing the 14-day infection
rate to 166 per 100,000, compared with 67 in France and 22 in the UK.
The steady rise has raised the spectre of fresh lockdowns in the coming weeks, particularly in
Madrid where unions have warned that the primary care system is “on the edge of collapse”,
due to a lack of staff and testing resources.
“If things continue as they are going, we’ll probably have to return to some sort of
confinement, at least partially,” José Felix Hoyo Jiménez of the Spanish non-profit Médicos del
Mundo told the broadcaster TeleMadrid on Monday. While the recent rise had been steady, it
was likely to be less pronounced than what the country experienced in March and April, he
added.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25)
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According to the text, choose the best response.
In “As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases.”, we can infer
that___________.
a) the authorities are embracing the surge in coronavirus cases
b) the authorities are enjoying the surge in coronavirus cases
c) the authorities are accepting the surge in coronavirus cases
d) the authorities are fighting against the surge in coronavirus cases
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho diz que as autoridades estão lutando contra o novo
surto de coronavírus, enquanto a alternativa diz que elas estão abraçando, aceitando esse novo
surto.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho diz que as autoridades estão lutando contra o novo surto
de coronavírus, enquanto a alternativa diz que elas estão aproveitando, desfrutando desse novo
surto.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O trecho diz que as autoridades estão lutando contra o novo surto
de coronavírus, enquanto a alternativa diz que elas estão aceitando esse novo surto.
A alternativa D está correta. O trecho diz que as autoridades estão lutando contra o novo surto
de coronavírus, o mesmo que diz a alternativa, que elas estão lutando contra esse novo surto.
GABARITO: D

Ugandan gorillas in Bwindi park have 'baby boom'
Five baby gorillas have been born in six weeks in Bwindi National Park, leading the Ugandan
Wildlife Service (UWS) to declare a baby boom.
Announcing the latest birth, the UWS said: "The Rushegura gorilla family welcomes another
bouncing cute baby gorilla".
Seven babies have been born since January compared to three for the whole of 2019,
according to the UWS.
Mountain gorillas are endangered with just over 1,000 in existence.
The UWS told the BBC that this year was unprecedented for gorilla births but it is not clear why
there has been this uptick.
The five recent births were to different families, not to the same family, as we initially
reported.
BBC Africa correspondent Catherine Byaruhanga says the baby boom comes as the parks are
testing out visits to primate locations, which were stopped due to coronavirus.
In March, most of Uganda's tourism sector was shut down and the industry is slowly opening
up but primates are of particular concern as they share so much of our DNA.
Now, small groups of visitors are allowed into protected areas as new safety procedures, such
as wearing face masks and social distancing, are tried out.
Poaching has also been a major worry for authorities especially during the lockdown.
In July, a man was sentenced to 11 years in prison over the killing of Rafiki, a silverback gorilla
in Bwindi.
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Around 400 gorillas live in Bwindi, in 10 family groups.
The mountain gorilla species is restricted to protected areas in the Democratic Republic of
Congo, Rwanda and Uganda.
As well as in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, they can also be found in a network of parks
in the Virunga Massif range of mountains which straddle the borders of the three countries.
In 2018, the mountain gorilla was removed from the list of critically endangered species by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature, after intensive conservation efforts, including
anti-poaching patrols, paid off.
The IUCN now classifies the species as endangered.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53997900)
6. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that __________
a) The Rushegura gorilla family has been without new cubs for a while
b) There was a rise in the birth of baby gorillas in Uganda
c) The births of gorilla pups did not contribute to the direction of the species' existence
d) Despite the high in 2020, the year of 2019 had more births of baby gorillas
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é possível inferir que a família de
gorilas Rushegura está sem novos filhotes há um tempo, mas sim, que nos últimos meses,
nasceu, pelo menos, um filhote. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The Rushegura gorilla
family welcomes another bouncing cute baby gorilla…”
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, é possível inferir que houve uma alta no
nascimento de bebês gorila na Uganda. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Seven babies
have been born … according to the UWS”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é possível inferir que os nascimentos
de filhotes de gorila não contribuíram com a direção da existência da espécie, pois, se houveram
mais nascimentos e a espécie é considerada estar em extinção, contribuiu. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “Seven babies have been born … Mountain gorillas are endangered
with just over 1,000 in existence”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é possível inferir que apesar da alta
em 2020, o ano de 2019 teve mais nascimentos de filhotes de gorila, mas sim, que o ano de
2020 já teve mais nascimentos do que o ano de 2019. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho
“Seven babies have been born since January compared to three for the whole of 2019, according
to the UWS”.
GABARITO: B
7. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, the mountain gorilla
a) Nowadays, it is an endangered species

b) Was never a species considered endangered
c) It was once an endangered species but today it is no longer
d) Has always been considered an endangered species
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o gorila da
montanha é, hoje em dia, considerado uma espécie em extinção, assim como essa opção
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The IUCN now classifies the species as
endangered”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o gorila da
montanha nunca foi uma espécie considerada em extinção, mas sim, hoje em dia é
considerado em extinção. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The IUCN now classifies
the species as endangered”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o trecho, não é correto afirmar que o gorila da
montanha já considerado em extinção, mas hoje em dia não é mais, mas sim, que hoje em
dia é considerado em extinção. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The IUCN now
classifies the species as endangered”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o gorila da
montanha sempre foi considerado uma espécie em extinção, mas sim, que não era e hoje
em dia é. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “In 2018, the mountain gorilla was removed
from the list of critically endangered species ... The IUCN now classifies the species as
endangered”.
GABARITO: A
Read the paragraph and answer questions 8 and 9

Trump Isn’t Here to Serve the People
He has shown that we need new laws to constrain a president who seeks unchecked power.
Desperate to salvage his presidency, Donald Trump is inciting racial violence by encouraging
armed vigilantes to confront protesters angry over the killing and maiming of unarmed Black
people by the police. The president is stoking civil conflict to distract voters from his failed
leadership and strengthen his electoral prospects.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/opinion/trump-corruption-
democracy.html)
8. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the paragraph, is correct to say that
a) President Trump does not support racial violence

b) President Trump is trying to deceive the people
c) The protests against racial violence are peaceful
d) Trump isn’t trying to save his presidency
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto dizer que o
presidente Trump não suporta a violência racial, mas sim, que ele encoraja vigilantes
armados a confrontarem manifestantes. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho
“...encouraging armed vigilantes to confront protesters...”.
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o parágrafo, é correto dizer que o presidente
Trump está tentando enganar o povo. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The president
is stoking civil conflict to distract voters from his failed…”.
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A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto dizer que os
protestos contra a violência racial são pacíficos, mas sim, que ocorre violência. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “…armed vigilantes to confront protesters angry over the killing
and maiming of unarmed Black people by the police”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto dizer que Trump
não está tentando salvar sua presidência, mas sim, o contrário. Isso pode ser confirmado
com o trecho “Desperate to salvage his presidency, Donald Trump...”.
GABARITO: B
9. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “salvage”, underlined in the paragraph, has the
same meaning as
a) Redeem
b) Abandon
c) Forfeit
d) Deliver
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “salvage” significa salvar e, neste caso, tem o mesmo
significado de “redeem”, que é redimir.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “salvage” significa salvar e não tem o mesmo
significado de “abandon”, que é abandonar.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “salvage” significa salvar e não tem o mesmo
significado de “forfeit”, que é perder.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “salvage” significa salvar e não tem o mesmo
significado de “deliver”, que é entregar.
GABARITO: A
Read the comic strip and answer question 10
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2020/10/12)
strip
a) The little boy likes going to bed early
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b) The little boy has an erroneous impression of his parents' wishes
c) The little boy can do what he wants
d) The little boy has the same desires as his parents
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A tirinha não nos infere que o menino gosta de ir para a cama
cedo, mas sim, que ele não gosta e queria poder ter mais liberdade.
A alternativa B está correta. A tirinha nos infere que o menino tem uma impressão errada
quanto aos desejos de seus pais, considerando que ele queria fazer o que os pais podem
fazer e os pais só querem dormir, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A tirinha não nos infere que o menino pode fazer o que ele
quer, mas sim, que ele não pode e sempre tem alguém orientando sua vida.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A tirinha não nos infere que o menino tem os mesmos desejos
de seus pais, mas sim, que enquanto ele não quer dormir, os pais querem.
GABARITO: B
Read the comic strip and answer question 11 and 12
(Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=dt)
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to complete the blank
a) No.
b) Does it.
c) At all.
d) Doesn’t it.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser completado com
a palavra “no”, pois a frase ficaria sem sentido e gramaticalmente incorreta.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser completado com
a question tag “does it”, pois está faltando a vírgula e o ponto de interrogação, o que nos
mostra que não se deve completar a lacuna com uma question tag.
A alternativa C está correta. O espaço em branco na tirinha pode ser completado com a
expressão “at all”, que é uma expressão utilizada para enfatizar frases negativas, não sendo
uma expressão essencial para o entendimento do texto, mas usada para reafirmar
enfaticamente o que foi dito anteriormente.
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A alternativa D está incorreta. O espaço em branco na tirinha não pode ser completado com
a question tag “doesn’t it”, pois está faltando a vírgula e o ponto de interrogação, o que nos
mostra que não se deve completar a lacuna com uma question tag. Além disso, caso a lacuna
devesse ser completada por uma question tag, ela deveria ser “does it”, pois a frase já está
na negativa.
GABARITO: C
strip
a) The employee’s statement was used against him

b) The employer got happy because his employee worked fast
c) The employer thinks the employee deserves more money than he earns
d) Both of them are happy with the employee’s performance
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com a tirinha, é correto afirmar que o chefe usou a
afirmação do funcionário contra ele.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a tirinha, não é correto afirmar que o chefe
ficou feliz com o fato de o funcionário ter trabalhado rápido, pois ele chega à conclusão de
que paga mais do que devia ao funcionário.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a tirinha, não é correto afirmar que o chefe
acha que o funcionário deveria ganhar mais do que já ganha, mas sim o contrário disso.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com a tirinha, não é correto afirmar que que os
dois estavam felizes, pois o chefe não se mostra satisfeito em momento algum.
GABARITO: A

A 12-year-old found a 69 million-year-old dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad
Nathan Hrushkin _____ to be a paleontologist for as long as he can remember, and the 12-
year-old has already made a significant discovery.
He found a partially unearthed dinosaur fossil while hiking with his dad this summer at a
conservation site in the Horseshoe Canyon in the Badlands of Alberta, Canada.
"It's pretty amazing to find something that's like real, like an actual dinosaur discovery," he told
CNN. "It's kind of been my dream for a while."
The fossil was a humerus bone from the arm of a juvenile hadrosaur -- a duck-billed dinosaur
that lived about 69 million years ago, according to a news release from the Nature Conservancy
of Canada.
Nathan and his dad, Dion, had found bone fragments in the area on a previous hike and
thought that they might have washed down from farther up the hill.
They were just finishing lunch when Nathan climbed up the hill to take a look.
"He called down to me, he's like, 'Dad, you need to get up here,' and as soon as he said that I
could tell by the tone in his voice that he found something," Dion Hrushkin said.
Nathan said the fossil was very obvious and it looked like "a scene on a TV show or a cartoon or
something."
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They sent pictures of the bone to the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which identified
the fossil and sent a team of paleontologists to the site.
Fossils are protected by law in Alberta, and the NCC said that it is important that people don't
disturb any fossils they may find.
The crew has been working at the site for about two months and uncovered between 30 and
50 bones that came from a single young hadrosaur that was about three or four years old,
according to the statement.
Hadrosaur bones are the most common fossils found in Alberta's badlands, but few juvenile
skeletons have been found, the statement said. It was also found in a layer of rock that rarely
preserves fossils.
"This young hadrosaur is a very important discovery because it comes from a time interval for
which we know very little about what kind of dinosaurs or animals lived in Alberta," François
Therrien, the Royal Tyrrell Museum's curator of dinosaur palaeoecology, said in the statement.
"Nathan and Dion's find will help us fill this big gap in our knowledge of dinosaur evolution."
The fossils were very close together, so the paleontologists removed large pieces of the
surrounding rock from the canyon walls.
One of the fossil-rich slabs weighed about 1,000 pounds and was more than four feet wide,
according to Carys Richards, a communications manager with the NCC.
Nathan had heard of the hadrosaur before his big find but said it wasn't the most well-known
dinosaur.
It's probably his favorite now -- beating out the wildly popular Tyrannosaurus rex.
Nathan and his dad have come to watch the dig several times since the discovery and were
there on Thursday when the team was hauling out the last specimens.
"It was pretty fun to be there and watch them do their things," Nathan said.
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/16/world/canada-dinosaur-find-12-year-old-trnd-scn/index.html)
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the text
a) Although unexpected, Nathan's discovery was not important

b) The work with fossils from the crew of paleontologists is not easy and fast
c) The dinosaur found by Nathan was already well known, as well as the time it lived
d) Nathan was not very impacted by the discovery
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que apesar de
inesperada, a descoberta de Nathan não foi importante, mas sim, que foi importante. Isso
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...has already made a significant discovery”.
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o trabalho com
fósseis do time de paleontólogos não é fácil e rápido, assim como esta opção indica. Isso
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The crew has been working at the site for about two
months…”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o
dinossauro achado por Nathan já era bem conhecido, assim como a época em que o mesmo
viveu, mas sim, que essa época não era muito conhecida pelos cientistas. Isso pode ser
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confirmado com o trecho “...it comes from a time interval for which we know very little about
what kind of dinosaurs or animals lived in Alberta…”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Nathan não
ficou muito impactado com a descoberta, mas sim, que ficou e até mudou seu dinossauro
favorito. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “It's probably his favorite now -- beating out
the wildly popular…”.
GABARITO: B
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that
a) Finding something rare is impossible

b) Nathan and his father were intrigued by the discovery only the day it happened
c) The most unexpected can happen at any time
d) Despite being a small animal in stature, it was a huge discovery
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que encontrar
algo raro é impossível, mas sim, que é possível e pode acontecer a qualquer momento. Isso
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “He found a partially unearthed dinosaur fossil while
hiking with his dad this summer…”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Nathan e
seu pai ficaram intrigados com a descoberta apenas no dia que aconteceu, mas sim, que eles
foram ver a escavação varias vezes. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Nathan and his
dad have come to watch the dig several times since the discovery…”.
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o mais inesperado
pode acontecer a qualquer momento, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “He found a partially unearthed dinosaur fossil while hiking with
his dad this summer…”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que apesar de
ser um animal pequeno em estatura, foi uma grande descoberta, mas sim, que era um
animal grande, com 1 metro de largura. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “One of the
fossil-rich slabs weighed about 1,000 pounds and was more than four feet wide…”.
GABARITO: C
Read Text VI to do questions 15 and 16 according to it
Text VI
Apple Electric Car

The Apple company changed business with electronics when it made the first iPhone. In
2015, Apple started to think about making an electric car without a driver, and a lot of
people think that it will be special, too.
Nobody really knows much about Apple´s plans for an electric car because the company
keeps they secret. To build a factory for electric cars takes a lot of time, and it costs a lot of
money. It seems that Apple will work together with a company which makes cars. Last week,
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two Korean automakers Hyundai and Kia said that they were not working with Apple on an
electric car, and it is not clear which company would like to work with Apple.
Sales of electric cars are growing fast in Europe. Experts say that there could be around 800
million electric cars in 2050.
15. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) “To build a factory for
electric cars takes a lot of time, and it costs a lot of money”. The expression “a lot of” can
be replaced by:
a) lots
b) many
c) a mount of
d) a lots of
e) few
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. o termo “lots” está incorreto.
A alternativa B está incorreta. many é utilizado com substantivos contáveis.
A alternativa C está correta. Observe que “Money” é um substantivo incontável e neste
casso a palavra que substitui corretamente a expressão “a lot of” é “a mount of” que
também é utilizada para substantivos incontáveis.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “a lost of” está incorreta.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Few é utilizado para substantivos contáveis.
GABARITO: C
16. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) “and a lot of people think
that it will be special, too”. The expression “a lot of” can be replaced by:
a) many
b) a mount of
c) a lots of
d) little
e) a great deal of
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. Observe que people é o plural de person e portanto não é um
substantivo incontável e sim contável e portanto a expressão “a lot of” pode ser substituída
por many que também é utilizada para substantivos contáveis.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Essa expressão é utilizada para substantivos contáveis.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “a lots of” está incorreta, ou devemos utilizar “a
lot of” ou “lots of”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Essa expressão é utilizada para substantivos contáveis.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Essa expressão é utilizada para substantivos contáveis.
GABARITO: A
Read Text VII to do question 17.
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Text VII
Smart Gym
During the coronavirus pandemic, many gyms had to close. At the same time, many people
spent a lot of time at home. They worked from home and sick people had to stay in
quarantine. Business with smart gyms started to grow quickly.
Smart gym is a fitness tool which people use at home. You have your own training plan, and
you can also be a part of a community of other people who exercise at home. Smart gym is
really clever because it can check how you move, and it makes the exercise easier or harder.
You can share your progress with other people, and they can help you work harder. This is
very important now when people mustn’t go to a gym.
Smart gym is not cheap and it can cost more than 1,000 dollars. Some companies believe
that more people will use smart gyms in the future and that the coronavirus pandemic only
made this change quicker.
17. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) The modal verb mustn’t,
a) inability.
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) prohibition.
e) probability.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Must na negativa não transmite ideia de falta de habilidade e
sim de proibição.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Must na negativa não transmite ideia de obrigação e sim de
proibição. Cuidado, pois o modal must na afirmativa pode transmitir ideia de obrigação
entretanto “must not” não.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Must na negativa não transmite ideia de permissão e sim de
proibição.
A alternativa D está correta. O modal must na forma negativa sempre expressa a ideia de
proibição.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Must na negativa não transmite ideia de probabilidade e sim
de proibição.
GABARITO: D
Read Text VI to do question 18 based on it.
Text VI
Are Planes Safe
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Regulators, insurers, and experts are warning airlines to take extra care when reactivating
planes that were left in extended storage during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The sudden fall in global air travel meant that an unprecedented number of planes had to be
parked on runways. At one point, two thirds of the global fleet were put on the ground.
Now, as planes are returning to the skies, regulators worry about maintenance errors, pilots
being out of practice, and even insect nests blocking key sensors.
This year, there´s been a sharp rise in the number of poor landings, and some of them
resulted in crashes. According to European regulators, this year has also seen an alarming
rise in incidents involving wrong air speed or altitude readings. Long periods out of service
also raise worries, including contaminated fuel and drained batteries in emergency systems.
18. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) “This year, there´s been a
sharp rise…”. The contraction ('s) means
a) is
b) was
c) has
d) as
e) genitive case.
Comentários:
A alternativa C está correta. This year, there´s been a sharp rise (Este ano, houve um
aumento acentuado). Nessa oração aparece um caso de present perfect para expressar uma
ação que ocorreu em um passado indeterminado e portanto a contração (‘s) é de “has”
(there has been a sharp rise).
GABARITO: C
Read Text VII to do question 19 based on it.
Text VII
Love Of My Life
Love of my life, you've hurt me

You've broken my heart, and now you leave me

What it means to me
Love of my life, don't leave me
You've taken my love, and now desert me
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What it means to me
You will remember
When this is blown over
And everything's all by the way
When I grow older
I will be there at your side to remind you
How I still love you (I still love you)
Back, hurry back

Please, bring it back home to me
What it means to me
Love of my life
Love of my life
Ooh, ooh
Queen
19. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes) The modal verb CAN’T,
a) request.
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) prohibition.
e) inability.
Comentários:
A alternativa E está correta. Na frase em questão o verbo modal can expressa a ideia de
habilidade, entretanto como ele está na negativa então seria uma incapacidade ou falta de
habilidade. “can't you see?” (Não pode / consegue ver?)
GABARITO: E
Directions: Answer question 20.
TEXT I
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back?
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IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and
a low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed
he couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next
morning he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the
house. “It sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge
stuck his head into the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but
he couldn’t smell a thing.
The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19.
Quagge was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not
widely available at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still
has not fully recovered his sense of smell.
Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients
with COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27
times more likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor
of the illness than fever.
For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied
up in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our
ability to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food.
“So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t
fully participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.”
Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories.
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment
in intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense,
hoping those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers.
What the nose knows
The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way
of decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the
nose to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a
long tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which
registers the molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce.
Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it
stops working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says.
“That lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the
basic functions of the system.”
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at
all or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It
may also fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or
vision impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25
percent of Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell,
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and over 13 million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell,
or hyposmia, a partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent.
It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few
ways. First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by
the congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced
anosmia.
“It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell
anything.”
Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their
sense of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who
experience anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years.
Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says
in the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was
scared. An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and
he couldn’t smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me
out.”
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-
cvd/)
20. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the option that can replace the word "very"
in the eleventh paragraph without changing its meaning.
a) a lot.
b) really.
c) also.
d) to.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Essa expressão não substitui corretamente "very" pois indica
quantidade, e não intensidade.
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão "really" é um sinônimo de "very" e ambos indicam
intensidade.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O advérbio "also" indica aditividade, e não intensidade, assim
como “very”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. "To" é uma preposição e tem como uma de suas funções, a
utilização com um verbo para torná-lo infinitivo, e não um advérbio que indica intensidade,
que é o caso de “very”.
GABARITO: B
TEXT I
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Facebook complies with Brazilian judge’s order to block 12 accounts accused of running a
fake news network
Facebook announced Saturday it has obeyed a Brazilian judge’s order for a worldwide block
on the accounts of 12 of President Jair Bolsonaro’s supporters who are under investigation
for allegedly running a fake news network.
Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed
to fully comply with a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down, saying they
were still online and publishing by changing their registration to locations outside Brazil.
Facebook issued a statement saying it complied due to the threat of criminal liability for an
employee in Brazil.
But it called the new order “extreme,” saying it poses a “threat to freedom of expression
outside of Brazil’s jurisdiction and conflicting with laws and jurisdictions worldwide.” The
company said it would appeal to the full court.
Facebook also argued it had complied with the previous order by “restricting the ability for
the target Pages and Profiles to be seen from IP locations in Brazil”.
“People from IP locations in Brazil were not capable of seeing these Pages and Profiles even
if the targets had changed their IP location”, the company said.
Moraes said that Facebook ought to pay $ 367,000 in penalties for not complying with his
previous decision during the last eight days.
He also had ruled Twitter should block the accounts. While Twitter said then the decision
was “disproportionated” under Brazil’s freedom of speech rules and that it would appeal,
the targeted profiles were disabled.
Moraes is overseeing a controversial investigation to determine whether some of
Bolsonaro’s most ardent allies are running a social media network aimed at spreading
threats and fake news against Supreme Court justices.
The probe is one of the main points of confrontation between Bolsonaro and the Supreme
Court.
The president himself filed a lawsuit last week demanding the accounts to be unblocked.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5874695/facebook-blocks-accounts-worldwide/)
“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with a
previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down” Choose the correct question for the
sentence below.
a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first attitude?

b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes?
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice?
d) Were the accounts blocked?
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A frase dada indica que a pergunta se referia ao relato do
Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
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A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia
especificamente à primeira atitude de Facebook com relação a ordem do supremo, mas sim
ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia a resposta
final do Facebook ao Supremo, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do
Facebook.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia ao
bloqueamento das contas, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do
Facebook.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se refere a quem é
Alexandre de Moraes, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
GABARITO: A
Directions: Answer question 22 according to TEXT II.
TEXT II
Lagos’s poor lament COVID fallout: “we don’t see the virus, we see suffering”.
Lockdown has tipped many working-class Nigerians from struggle to crisis.

Drawing open the curtains in Alapere, Lagos, unveils a sea of shanty roofs and watery-
coloured housing blocks. “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering,” says Juliana Chokpa,
a 38-year-old cleaner.
This working-class Lagos community has been reeling from job losses, a collapse in informal
services, and rising food and transport costs. The pandemic, Chokpa says, has wrought a
swift descent from struggle into crisis.
Her pay of 35,000 naira (£70) a month, working in a lavish home 20 miles away in Banana
Island, was suddenly halved in March when her employers left the country as coronavirus
cases began to rise. Weeks later, with government lockdown measures taking hold, her
husband, a driver for an international corporate firm, was told his pay would be cut by two-
thirds because the staff he had been driving were working from home.
“What do we do? Things are a struggle and we have children. They don’t know what these
difficulties mean. They just want to know they can have their cereal, can enjoy things.
Sometimes we borrow, sometimes we get help from people. It’s only God sustaining us,” she
says.
In areas such as Alapere, the fallout from the pandemic has tipped economic ecosystems
over the edge. While Juliana wealthier employers’s have been affected by the lockdown,
they are better insulated from the disruption. The knock-on effects further down the chain
are more profound.
“Cooks, cleaners, house-helps, they’ve lost their jobs or had their salaries reduced. It’s the
same thing: their bosses have travelled, or have less income so can’t pay them like before,”
she says.
Transport costs have doubled since the government introduced social distancing, limiting
passenger numbers to half of normal capacity. Transport providers, also contending with
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rising fuel costs, responded by raising fares. For millions on low incomes, increases of 200
naira (£0.40) are upending. “My husband stays at work during the week now because to go
back and forth is too expensive,” she says. Now she often has to care for their four children
alone.
For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many
people were already in difficulty.
The government have quickly responded with financial help, including loans to medium and
small business and cash transfers to some poor and vulnerable households. While the
programs are likely to have an impact, criticisms have grown that they do not effectively
target those in need. “The very poor such as the artisans and rural farmers are likely to be
financially excluded,” Ekeruche said. A national register collated by the government to
identify poorer citizens eligible for social welfare, only captures a fraction of those requiring
help.
Already, 82 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. Nigeria’s economy was predicted to
contract by 5.4%, the International Monetary Fund said, while the government anticipated
that unemployment could rise by half to 33%.
For many people, the pain of the economic fallout from the coronavirus outbreak feels
inexplicable.
Omozuanfo Fatima, 25, an architecture graduate, helps run her mother’s stall. “I don’t
know anyone who has the virus, nobody has been sick or died, so to be honest we don’t
understand why all of this should be happening. None of us are wearing masks,” she says,
“but we’re all fine.”
A lack of trust in the government, often derided as corrupt, has hampered any sense of
shared sacrifice to help reduce the outbreak. Many people bemoan that the measures have
not been adapted to the realities for working people.
Blessing Apara inherited her mother’s fruit and vegetable stall at Obalende 14 years ago.
“I’ve never remembered it being this bad,” she says. “I’ve lowered my prices to get
customers but I’m making half of what I used to. I’m just praying it all turns around.”
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/14/lagoss-poor-lament-covid-fallout-we-dont-see-the-virus-we-see-
suffering)
“For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many
people were already in difficulty”. Mark the alternative with the correct question to the
sentence below.
a) Did everyone in Africa feel the economic effects of the pandemic?

b) How many people were affected by the pandemic, in Africa?
c) Considering the pandemic situation, how is the economy in Africa developing?
d) Can the pandemic be considered the last straw for many African citizens?
e) Can you define how is the current situation of Africa’s economy?
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase dada não se refere ao fato de todos na África terem
sentido os efeitos econômicos da pandemia, mas sim ao fato de a pandemia poder ser
considerada a gota d’água para muitos cidadãos africanos.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase dada não se refere ao fato de quantas pessoas foram
afetadas pela pandemia, na África, mas sim ao fato de a pandemia poder ser considerada a
gota d’água para muitos cidadãos africanos.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase dada não se refere ao fato do desenvolvimento da
economia na África durante a pandemia, mas sim ao fato de a pandemia poder ser
considerada a gota d’água para muitos cidadãos africanos.
A alternativa D está correta. A frase dada se refere ao fato de a pandemia poder ser
considerada a gota d’água para muitos cidadãos africanos, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase dada não se refere a definição de como está a situação
econômica atual da Africa, mas sim ao fato de a pandemia poder ser considerada a gota
d’água para muitos cidadãos africanos.
GABARITO: D
Directions: answer question 23 according to TEXT I
The World Health Organization Declares Africa Polio-Free
Nobody will ever know the identity of the thousands of African children who were not killed
or paralyzed by polio this year. They would have been hard to keep track of no matter what
because in ordinary times, they would have followed thousands last year and thousands the
year before and on back in a generations-long trail of suffering and death.
Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year before.
It was in 2016 that the last case of wild, circulating polio was reported in Nigeria—the final
country on the 54-nation African continent where the disease was endemic. And with a
required multi-year waiting period now having passed with no more cases, the World Health
Organization today officially declared the entirety of Africa polio-free. A disease that as
recently as the late 1980s was endemic in 125 countries, claiming 350,000 children per year,
has now been run to ground in just two remaining places, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where
there have been a collective 102 cases so far in 2020. That’s 102 too many, but there is no
denying the scope of the WHO announcement.
“Today’s victory over the wild poliovirus in the African region is a testament to what can
happen when partners from a variety of sectors join forces to accomplish a major global
health goal,” says John Hewko, general secretary and CEO of Rotary International. “[It is]
something the world can and should aspire to during these turbulent times.”
It was Rotary, an international nonprofit service organization, that kicked off the polio
endgame in 1988 with the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). That
program aimed to leverage the power of Rotary’s 35,000 clubs and 1.22 million members in
200 countries and territories worldwide to make polio only the second human disease—after
smallpox—to be pushed over the brink of extinction. The job was made easier by the
partners Rotary immediately attracted: the WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and UNICEF. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joined in 2007,
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followed by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, just last year. The 32-year initiative has depended on
volunteer workers and charitable donations, which together have produced an army of 20
million field workers administering vaccines to over 2.5 billion children at a cost of $17
billion.
Some countries were a lighter lift than others. In the U.S. the disease was eradicated in
1979, well before the GPEI even began its work. Other nations followed: In 1994 the
Americas were declared polio-free. Europe as a whole got a clean bill of health in 2002, when
all 53 countries in the WHO’s designated European region were declared free of the virus.
Massive vaccination efforts began in India in 1997, which eradicated the virus in 2014.
How Polio Was Eradicated from the African Continent

But Africa, with its vast sprawl of village populations, long distances to urban hospitals,
spotty infrastructure like adequate roads and reliable “cold chains”—refrigerated transport
networks to keep vaccines viable—was always going to present special challenges. In 1996,
when the case count on the continent regularly reached 75,000 victims every year, South
African President Nelson Mandela partnered with Rotary to launch the “Kick Polio Out of
Africa” Campaign, and the group scrambled fast—or as fast as was possible with so many
children to vaccinate on so vast a land mass. In 2000, the first synchronized campaigns began
in 17 countries, with 76 million children being vaccinated by tens of thousands of volunteers.
The work fanned out across the continent from there, including an especially heavy push
from 2008 to 2010, when an outbreak in 24 countries in western and central Africa was met
by a large-scale, multi-national vaccination of 85 million children.
Finally, Nigeria stood alone as the only African nation where the disease was still endemic,
in part because of resistance by religious leaders in the northern part of the country who
objected western interference in local affairs and claimed that the vaccine was unsafe. That
opposition broke down, partly thanks to Muhammad Sanusi II, the Emir of the city of Kano—
a hereditary leader descended from a ruling family—who appeared at a public ceremony
before the kick off of a seasonal vaccination campaign in 2016, called for a vial of polio
vaccine to be brought to the stage, and with the audience watching, broke its seal and drank
down its entire contents. That year, the country recorded its last case of polio, and this year,
Nigeria’s WHO certification is the reward for its efforts.
“The polio eradication program in Nigeria has gone through some difficult times, but I never
once doubted that this day would come,” says Dr. Tunji Funsho, a former cardiologist who is
the chair of Rotary International’s Polio-Plus Committee in Nigeria. “Any time that we’ve
experienced a setback, Rotary and our partners have been able to find solutions and develop
new strategies for reaching vulnerable children.”
(Adapted from https://time.com/5883233/africa-declared-polio-free/)
“Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year
before…” (paragraph 2)
116
a) How does polio affect African children?
b) When was the last case of polio recorded in Africa?
c) How many African children have been victims of polio in recent years?
d) How many people have been victims of polio in Africa?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase sublinhada (nenhuma criança africana foi vítima de
poliomielite neste ano, no ano passado ou no ano anterior) não responde à pergunta “como
a poliomielite afeta as crianças africanas?”, mas sim, à pergunta “quantas crianças africanas
foram vítimas da poliomielite nos últimos anos?”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase sublinhada (nenhuma criança africana foi vítima de
poliomielite neste ano, no ano passado ou no ano anterior) não responde à pergunta
“quando foi o último caso de poliomielite registrado na África?”, mas sim, à pergunta
“quantas crianças africanas foram vítimas da poliomielite nos últimos anos?”.
A alternativa C está correta. A frase sublinhada (nenhuma criança africana foi vítima de
poliomielite neste ano, no ano passado ou no ano anterior) responde à pergunta “quantas
crianças africanas foram vítimas da poliomielite nos últimos anos?”, assim como esta opção
indica.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase sublinhada (nenhuma criança africana foi vítima de
poliomielite neste ano, no ano passado ou no ano anterior) não responde à pergunta
“quantas pessoas foram vítimas da poliomielite na África?”, mas sim, à pergunta “quantas
crianças africanas foram vítimas da poliomielite nos últimos anos?”.
GABARITO: C
Read Text II to do question 24 based on it
TEXT II
Does Wearing Glasses Protect You From Coronavirus?
When researchers in China were analyzing hospital data of patients with Covid-19, they
noticed an odd trend: Very few of the sick patients regularly wore glasses.
In one hospital in Suizhou, China, 276 patients were admitted over a 47-day period, but
only 16 patients — less than 6 percent — had myopia or nearsightedness that required them
to wear glasses for more than eight hours a day. By comparison, more than 30 percent of
similarly aged people in the region needed glasses for nearsightedness, earlier research had
shown.
Given that the rate of nearsightedness appeared to be so much higher in the general
population than in the Covid ward, the scientists wondered: Could wearing glasses protect a
person from becoming infected with coronavirus?
“Wearing of eyeglasses is common among Chinese individuals of all ages,” wrote the study
authors. “However, since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Wuhan in December 2019, we
observed that few patients with eyeglasses were admitted in the hospital ward.”
The observation “could be preliminary evidence that daily wearers of eyeglasses are less
susceptible to Covid-19,” the authors speculated.
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Experts say it’s too soon to draw conclusions from the research — or recommend that
people start wearing eye protection in addition to masks in hopes of lowering their risk for
infection.
It may be that eyeglasses act as a partial barrier, protecting eyes from the splatter of a
cough or sneeze. Another explanation for the finding could be that people who wear glasses
are less likely to rub their eyes with contaminated hands.
The current study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, was accompanied by a commentary
from Dr. Lisa Maragakis, an infectious disease specialist and associate professor of medicine
at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, who urged caution in interpreting the results.
The study was small, involving fewer than 300 cases of Covid-19, a tiny fraction of the
nearly 30 million reported cases of coronavirus infection around the world. Another concern
is that the data on nearsightedness in the comparison group were gleaned from a study that
took place decades earlier.
And Dr. Maragakis noted that any number of factors could confound the data, and it may
be that wearing glasses is simply associated with another variable that affects risk for Covid-
19. For example, it could be that people who wear glasses tend to be older, and more careful
and more likely to stay home during a viral outbreak, than those who do not wear glasses. Or
perhaps people who can afford glasses are less likely to contract the virus for other reasons,
like having the means to live in less crowded spaces.
“It’s one study,” Dr. Maragakis said. “It does have some biological plausibility, given that in
health care facilities, we use eye protection,” such as face shields or goggles. “But what
remains to be investigated is whether eye protection in a public setting would add any
protection over and above masks and physical distancing. I think it’s still unclear.”
Health care workers wear protective equipment over their eyes to protect them from
droplets that can fly from coughs and sneezes, as well as aerosolized particles that form
when patients undergo medical procedures, such as intubation. But for the vast majority of
people, that extra level of protection probably isn’t needed if a person is wearing a mask and
keeping physical distance in public spaces. There’s also the possibility of introducing risk by
wearing glasses — some people might touch their faces more when they put on glasses,
rather than less, noted Dr. Maragakis.
That said, more study is needed to see if the trend holds up in other study populations, said
Dr. Thomas Steinemann, a spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and
professor of ophthalmology at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland.
“I think it’s provocative, and it’s extremely interesting,” Dr. Steinemann said.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/16/well/live/does-wearing-glasses-protect-you-from-
coronavirus.html?surface=home-living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=153492936&algo=identity&imp_id=364422693&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtype=Homepa
ge)
24. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The vast majority of people
a) Must wear eyeglasses as an extra level of protection

b) Mustn’t wear eyeglasses as an extra level of protection
c) Have to wear eyeglasses as an essential level of protection
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d) Perhaps, don’t need to wear eyeglasses if they’re respecting social distance and the use
of mask
e) Shouldn’t wear both eyeglasses or masks
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a grande maioria das pessoas
devem usar óculos como um nível extra de proteção, mas sim, que essa grande maioria,
talvez, não tenha necessidade de usar óculos se ela estiver respeitando o distanciamento
social e o uso de máscara.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a grande maioria das pessoas não
devem usar óculos como um nível extra de proteção, mas sim, que essa grande maioria,
talvez, não tenha necessidade de usar óculos se ela estiver respeitando o distanciamento
social e o uso de máscara.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a grande maioria das pessoas
precisam usar óculos como um nível essencial de proteção, mas sim, que essa grande
maioria, talvez, não tenha necessidade de usar óculos se ela estiver respeitando o
distanciamento social e o uso de máscara.
A alternativa D está correta. É correto afirmar que a grande maioria das pessoas, talvez, não
tenha necessidade de usar óculos se ela estiver respeitando o distanciamento social e o uso
de máscara, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a grande maioria das pessoas não
precisa usar máscara ou óculos, mas sim, que essa grande maioria, talvez, não tenha
necessidade de usar óculos se ela estiver respeitando o distanciamento social e o uso de
máscara.
GABARITO: D
Observe this comic strip to do item 25
(https://www.thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-17/184837)
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) About Earl, we can assume that
a) He thinks that he is helping enough at home

b) He is helping just enough at home
c) He didn’t collaborate with his wife
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d) He doesn’t care about helping around the house
e) He was cleaning the house
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. Sobre Earl, é correto afirmar que ele pensa que está ajudando o
suficiente em casa, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele está ajudando o
suficiente em casa, mas sim, que ele apenas pensa isso.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele não colaborou com
sua esposa, mas sim, que ele fez o que ela pediu, ou seja, colaborou.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele não se importa em
ajudar em casa, mas sim, que ele se importa e pensa que ajuda.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele estava limpando a
casa, mas sim, que ele estava sentado no sofá.
GABARITO: A
26. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Match the questions and answers
I. How many clothes do you have at your closet?

II. How is Erica?
III. How much water do you have in a day?
IV. Whose son is Daniel?
V. What does Jennifer do?
( ) A few
( ) He’s hers
( ) A little
( ) She is a firefighter
( ) She’s fine
a) III – IV – I – V – II
b) I – IV – III – V – II
c) I – II – IV – V – III
d) III – II – IV – I – V
e) I – IV – II – III – V
Comentários:
A pergunta I “How many clothes do you have at your closet” (quantas roupas você tem no
seu armário?) só pode ser respondida por “a few” (algumas), pois é a única resposta
compatível com essa pergunta.
A pergunta II “How is Erica?” (Como está a Erica?) só pode ser respondida por “She’s fine”
(ela está bem), pois é a única resposta compatível com esta pergunta.
A pergunta III “How much water do you have in a day?” (quanta água você bebe em um dia?)
só pode ser respondida por “a little” (um pouco), pois é a única resposta compatível com
esta pergunta.
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A pergunta IV “Whose son is Daniel?” (o Daniel é filho de quem?) só pode ser respondida por
“Hee’s hers” (ele é dela), pois é a única resposta compatível com esta pergunta.
A pergunta V “What does Jennifer do?” (o que a Jennifer faz?) só pode ser respondida por
“she is a firefigther” (ela é bombeira), pois é a única resposta compatível com esta pergunta.
GABARITO: B
COVID-19 Has Killed Nearly 200,000 Americans. How Many More Lives Will Be Lost Before
the U.S. Gets It Right?
Forty-five days before the announcement of the first suspected case of what would become
known as COVID-19, the Global Health Security Index was published. The project—led by the
Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security—assessed 195
countries on their perceived ability to handle a major disease outbreak. The U.S. ranked first.
It’s clear the report was wildly overconfident in the U.S., failing to account for social ills that
had accumulated in the country over the past few years, rendering it unprepared for what
was about to hit. At some point in mid-September—perhaps by the time you are reading
this—the number of confirmed coronavirus-related deaths in the U.S. will have passed
200,000, more than in any other country by far.
If, early in the spring, the U.S. had mobilized its ample resources and expertise in a coherent
national effort to prepare for the virus, things might have turned out differently. If, in
midsummer, the country had doubled down on the measures (masks, social-distancing rules,
restricted indoor activities and public gatherings) that seemed to be working, instead of
prematurely declaring victory, things might have turned out differently. The tragedy is that if
science and common sense solutions were united in a national, coordinated response, the
U.S. could have avoided many thousands of more deaths this summer.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5887432/coronavirus-united-states-failure/)
27. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the statement in which the word far is
used with the same meaning as in paragraph 2
a) Why did you go so far?

b) You are too far from school
c) So far, we haven´t done anything
d) I am prettier than you by far
e) This is not working, as far as I know
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Neste caso, a palavra “far” é utilizada com sentido de distância
e não com sentido de “por muito”, assim como no parágrafo 2.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Neste caso, a palavra “far” é utilizada com sentido de distância
e não com sentido de “por muito”, assim como no parágrafo 2.
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A alternativa C está incorreta. Neste caso, a palavra “far” é utilizada com sentido de “até
agora” e não com sentido de “por muito”, assim como no parágrafo 2.
A alternativa D está correta. Neste caso, a palavra “far” é utilizada com sentido de “por
muito”, assim como no parágrafo 2.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Neste caso, a palavra “far” é utilizada com sentido de dizer
algo que você notou ou entendeu, e não com sentido de “por muito”, assim como no
parágrafo 2.
GABARITO: D
(Título omitido propositalmente)
The numbers point to a second wave. Without strong action, hospitalisations will increase
and deaths will follow
As Spain, France and Germany start ___(1) struggle with rising Covid-19 cases, alarm bells
are ringing again in the UK. Over the weekend, 3,000 new people tested positive for Covid-19
in a 24-hour period, and dozens of schools in England and Wales have reported outbreaks.
While the number of hospitalisations is still low, the trajectory of the US, France and Spain
suggest that hospitalisations tend to follow increased case numbers by several weeks. It’s
impossible to have a high number of infections and community transmission and not have
vulnerable or elderly individuals hospitalised. They live with and among all of us.
It’s worth remembering that case numbers now aren’t comparable to those in March.
Before, tests were only done on people who had been admitted to hospital. Now,
symptomatic people are being tested outside of hospitals and in the community, along with
their contacts. This means that we’re picking up infections and positive cases that we
weren’t previously testing ___(2).
Nonetheless, after enduring the considerable pain of a prolonged lockdown, nobody wants
to see the UK going backwards on the progress it has made. As numbers rise, ministers face
difficult decisions about how to get on top of this situation and ensure schools remain open.
If ___(3) government doesn’t do anything and lets the virus spread, hospitalisations will
increase, deaths will follow and ministers will be blamed for not doing enough to suppress
the virus.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/coronavirus-cases-rising-uk-second-wave)
28. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) What is the question the author refers to when he
says “Over the weekend, 3,000 new people tested positive for Covid-19 in a 24-hour
period…”? (paragraph 1)
a) How is the number of daily cases of Covid-19?

b) What is the total number of Covid-19 cases in the UK?
c) How is the UK dealing with the pandemic situation?
d) How many people tested positive for coronavirus throughout the pandemic?
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e) What was the government’s last move to fight the coronavirus?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A pergunta a que o autor se refere é “como está o número de
casos diários da Covid-19?”, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A pergunta a que o autor se refere não é “qual é o número
total de casos da Covid-19 no Reino Unido?”, mas sim, “como está o número de casos diários
da Covid-19?”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A pergunta a que o autor se refere não é “como o Reino Unido
está lidando com a situação de pandemia?”, mas sim, “como está o número de casos diários
da Covid-19?”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A pergunta a que o autor se refere não é “quantas pessoas
testaram positivo para o corona vírus durante toda a pandemia?”, mas sim, “como está o
número de casos diários da Covid-19?”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A pergunta a que o autor se refere não é “qual foi a última
atitude do governo para lutar contra o corona vírus?”, mas sim, “como está o número de
casos diários da Covid-19?”.
GABARITO: A
“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice.
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was sitting as far away from me as the
desk allowed, but his chair was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked like
someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face was friendly, open, a slight smile on
his flawless lips. But his eyes were careful.
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last
week. You must be Bella Swan.”
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to say.
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered.
He laughed a soft laugh.
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town was waiting for you to arrive.”
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006. Page 43

According to the sentence “I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella
[A] didn’t expect Edward to approach her. [B] was feeling comfortable.
[C] didn’t want to be friends with Edward. [D] didn’t want to talk to Edward.
[E] was offended by Edward’s attitude.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O uso da palavra “stunned”, que significa atordoada, indica que
ela não esperava que Edward a abordasse.
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A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso da palavra “stunned”, que significa atordoada, indica
que ela não esperava que Edward a abordasse. Portanto, não se pode dizer que ela estava
confortável.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela não queria fazer
amizade com Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela não queria falar
com Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela se sentiu ofendida
pela abordagem de Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele.
GABARITO: A
Leia o texto a seguir, extraído do livro He knows too much, e responda a questão 30.
Chapter 1 - Madras 1986

“He knows too much. I must ask you to do nothing.”
“But this time I caught him in the act. I have proof, witnesses, everything. There is no
possible doubt.”
“I said he knows too much! The company can’t afford to have any problems. Our position is
very sensitive in this country. We can’t afford to take risks. I am telling you once again – you
will do nothing. And if there is any trouble, I’m afraid I shall have to hold you personally
responsible. So be sensible for once in your life.”
“I see. So you are telling me to close my eyes to corruption and behave as if nothing has
happened. Is that right?”
“I didn’t put it quite like that. But, if you insist, yes. What Vish does or doesn’t do is a minor
matter compared with the company’s global strategy. Just try to get things in perspective.
After all, you won’t be stuck in Madras for ever – I’ll make sure that you are not. So just go
with the flow for a bit longer. When you’re in your next post this will all seem a very long
way away, I can assure you. But meantime, no trouble. I hope I’ve made myself clear. Oh,
and, by the way, I advise you to forget that we have had this conversation. Goodbye.”
Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were trembling. He was furious with himself for
failing to persuade his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox, to support him, and was disgusted at the
mixture of veiled threats and vague promises Lennox had made.
Adapted from MALEY, Alan. He knows too much. Cambridge University Press, 1999. P.6

The sentence “So just go with the flow for a bit longer.” (paragraph 5), the expression go
with the flow means
[A] don’t accept corruption.
[B] don’t accept bribery.
[C] don’t fight vague promises.
[D] don’t accept threats.
[E] don’t fight prevailing trends.
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não
fazer nada diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não aceite corrupção.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não
fazer nada diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não aceite propina.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não
fazer nada diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não lute contra promessas vagas.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não
fazer nada diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não aceite ameaças.
A alternativa E está correta. A expressão “go with the flow” significa ir com o fluxo, não fazer
nada diferente do normal. A alternativa diz não lute contra tendências predominantes,
exatamente o mesmo sentido do enunciado.
GABARITO: E
Leia as perguntas e respostas a seguir e responda a questão 31.
Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram
What is Instagram?
It’s an application for your mobile phone that enables you to edit pictures you have taken
with your mobile phone camera using built-in filters and share them with others. If you have
an Instagram account you can tag pictures, rate and comment on other people’s pictures and
follow other users.
How much is your app?
$0.00.
Where does the name come from?
When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras. We loved how different types of
old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today. We
also felt that the snapshots people were taking were like telegrams in that they got sent over
the wire to others - so we figured why not combine the two?
How did the idea come about?
We love taking photos. We always assumed taking interesting photos required a big bulky
camera and a couple years of art school. But as mobile phone cameras got better and better,
we decided to challenge that assumption. We created Instagram to solve three simple
problems:
- Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our awesome looking filters transform
your photos into professional-looking snapshots.
- Sharing on multiple platforms is a pain - we help you take a picture once, then share it
(instantly) on multiple services.
- Most uploading experiences are clumsy and take forever - we’ve optimized the experience
to be fast and efficient.
How does privacy work?
We have adopted a follower model that means if you’re “public” on Instagram, anyone can
subscribe to follow your photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this
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mode, a user can make sure he/she must approve all follow requests before they go
through.
Who can see my photos?
All photos are public by default which means they are visible to anyone who has an account.
If you choose to make your account private, then only people who follow you on Instagram
will be able to see your photos.
Adapted from https://instagram.com/about/faq/#

In the sentence “We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as
“instant” - something we take for granted today.” (question 3), the expression something we
take for granted means
[A] Something we have to give someone. [B] Something we have to do everyday.
[C] Something we usually value a lot. [D] Something we don’t have to learn.
[E] Something we don’t give much importance to.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma
coisa que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que
devemos dar a alguém.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma
coisa que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que
devemos fazer todos os dias.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma
coisa que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que nós
normalmente valorizamos muito.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma
coisa que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo que não
precisamos aprender.
A alternativa E está correta. A expressão “something we take for granted” significa alguma
coisa que tomamos como óbvio, nada além do normal. A alternativa diz que é algo para o
qual não damos muita importância, o que coincide com a definição dada anteriormente.
GABARITO: E
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly
ignorant when it comes to basic life skills.
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive.
I have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-
poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen
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victim to ironing experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I
missed out in my modern education.
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to
generation – a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned
themselves distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like
putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes,
they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t
grow our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply
buy these things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is
consumption.
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that
isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths,
language and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where
craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and
regurgitate information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for
themselves, but are also able to act for themselves.
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless

In the sentence “I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my
modern education.” (paragraph 2), the words missed out mean
[A] didn’t miss.
[B] didn’t want.
[C] didn’t have.
[D] didn’t like.
[E] didn’t need.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades
domésticas que eu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, enquanto a alternativa fala que são
habilidades que não faltavam.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades
habilidades que eu não queria.
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades
domésticas que eu não tinha, ou que me faltavam, exatamente o que diz a alternativa.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades
habilidades que eu não gostava.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “missed out” significa dizer as habilidades
habilidades que eu não precisava.
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GABARITO: C
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 33
Research connects vaping to a higher chance of catching the virus — and suffering its worst
effects.
Since the start of the pandemic, experts have warned that the coronavirus — a respiratory
pathogen — most likely capitalizes on the scarred lungs of smokers and vapers. Doctors and
researchers are now starting to pinpoint the ways in which smoking and vaping seem to
enhance the virus’s ability to spread from person to person, infiltrate the lungs and spark
some of Covid-19’s worst symptoms.
“I have no doubt in saying that smoking and vaping could put people at increased risk of
poor outcomes from Covid-19,” said Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, a pediatric pulmonologist
at Columbia University. “It is quite clear that smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and
the predominant symptoms of Covid are respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in
combination.”
But while several studies have found that smoking can more than double a person’s risk of
severe Covid-19 symptoms, the relationship between vaping and Covid-19 is only beginning
to become clear. A team of researchers recently reported that young adults who vape are
five times more likely to receive a coronavirus diagnosis.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html)
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the sentence “It is quite clear that
smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the predominant symptoms of Covid are
respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in combination” (paragraph 2), Dr.
Stephanie
a) Is pretty sure that lung problems and COVID-19 predominant symptoms will not result in
good consequences
b) Isn’t sure about what would happen if someone with lung problems gets COVID-19
c) Is sure that predominant symptoms from COVID-19 would not be affected by lung
problems
d) Is sure that she can’t yet affirm about the effects of COVID-19 in someone with lung
problems
e) Isn’t sure if smoking and vaping are bad for lungs
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com a sentença dada, é correto afirmar que a Dr.
Stephanie tem certeza de que problemas nos pulmões e sintomas predominantes da COVID-
19 não irão resultar em boas consequências, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie não tem certeza sobre o que iria acontecer se alguém com problemas no
pulmão, pegasse a COVID-19, mas sim, que ela tem certeza de que essas duas coisas não irão
resultar em uma boa combinação.
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A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie tem certeza de que os sintomas predominantes da COVID-19 não serão
afetados por problemas de pulmão, mas sim, que esses sintomas são predominantemente
respiratórios e, provavelmente, se agravariam com algum problema no pulmão.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie tem certeza de que ela ainda não pode afirmar sobre os efeitos da COVID-19
em alguém com problemas de pulmão, mas sim, que ela afirmou que essas duas coisas não
combinariam, ou seja, não seriam bons efeitos.
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie não tem certeza se fumar ou vaporizar são ruins para o pulmão, mas sim, que
eles são ruins para o pulmão e isso já está claro.
GABARITO: A
TEXT
Taylor Swift's cash gift helps student take up degree

Singer Taylor Swift has donated £23,000 to a London-based student struggling to raise the funds to
take up a maths course at the University of Warwick.
Vitoria Mario's online fundraising page details how she has lived in the UK for four years
after moving from Portugal.
But she is not eligible for maintenance loans or grants.
Vitoria said: "I was worrying too much about the money, what I have to do and if I have to
look for a job. She actually made my dream come true."
The American singer, whose 16 top 10 British chart hits include the aptly titled Wildest
Dreams, wrote a message on Vitoria's fundraising page as she confirmed her donation.
At that stage, Vitoria had collected nearly half of her £40,000 fundraising target, and Swift
wrote: "Vitoria, I came across your story online and am so inspired by your drive and
dedication to turning your dreams into reality.
"I want to gift you the rest of your goal amount. Good luck with everything you do! Love,
Taylor."
Vitoria said her family could not afford to support her and she needed funds to help pay for
her accommodation, a laptop, textbooks and general living costs. She said the approach from
Swift had "come out of the blue".
The 18-year-old had written on her page: "Though my story is not unique, my dream of
becoming a mathematician is not only a chance at social mobility for my family and I, but to
inspire people who have been in similar positions to aspire to be the best version of
themselves."
She added that she has always been "studious" and was unable to speak English when she
moved to the UK in 2016.
Despite that disadvantage, she left school with two A*s and an A in her A-levels.
129
When coming to the UK, Vitoria had to make the difficult decision to leave Portugal, where
her mother still lives.
"Moving away from her was a challenge but it was a sacrifice worth being made in my
family's eyes," she added.
She estimated she would need £24,000 for accommodation, £3,000 for equipment and
£13,000 for general living costs including food, transport, gas and electricity.
Swift has previously made a number of impromptu donations to fans whose stories she has
read about online, including a New York photographer who asked for financial support via
Tumbler.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53857694)
34. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) The passage “Vitoria said her family could not
afford to support her and she needed funds to help pay for her accommodation, a laptop,
textbooks and general living costs. She said the approach from Swift had ‘come out of the
blue’.” (paragraph 6), suggests that
a) Swift’s donation didn’t help Victoria

b) The donation helped Vitoria because her family couldn’t afford to support her
c) Even though Vitoria’s family couldn’t afford her needs, Vitoria didn’t like Swift’s donation
d) Vitoria’s family were able to afford her needs and Swift’s donation was just an extra
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A passagem não sugere que a doação de Swift não ajudou
Vitoria, mas sim, que a ajudou, pois, sua família não seria capaz de pagar suas necessidades.
A alternativa B está correta. A passagem sugere que a doação ajudou Vitoria pois sua família
não seria capaz de bancar ela, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A passagem não sugere que mesmo que apesar da família de
Vitoria não poder pagar suas necessidades, a doação de Swift não a ajudou, mas sim, que a
ajudou pois não seria possível sem isso.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A passagem não sugere que a família de Vitoria poderia pagar
suas necessidades e a doação de Swift foi apenas um extra, mas sim, que a família de Vitoria
não poderia pagar e a doação de Swift foi essencial, pois, sem isso não seria possível.
GABARITO: B
35. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the statements below and mark the option
that contains the correct ones according to the text
I. Vitoria’s mother lives in the UK

II. Taylor Swift helped more fans throughout her career
III. Vitoria’s needed money just for her food and accommodation
IV. Vitoria stated that she always has been studious but could not afford for college
a) Only sentences II and IV are correct

b) Only sentences I and IV are correct
130
c) Only sentences II and III are correct
d) Only sentences I and III are correct
Comentários:
A sentença I está incorreta. O texto não afirma que a mãe de Vitoria mora no Reino Unido,
mas sim, que ela mora em Portugal. Como podemos ver no trecho “…difficult decision to
leave Portugal, where her mother still lives.”
A sentença II está correta. O texto afirma que Taylor Swift ajudou mais fãs ao longo de sua
carreira. Como podemos ver no trecho “Swift has previously made a number of impromptu
donations to fans whose stories she has read about online, including a New York
photographer who asked for financial support via Tumbler.”
A sentença III está incorreta. O texto não afirma que Vitoria precisava de dinheiro apenas
para comida e acomodação, mas sim, que precisava do dinheiro para tais coisas e transporte,
gás e eletricidade, por exemplo. Como podemos ver no trecho “She estimated she would
need £24,000 for accommodation, £3,000 for equipment and £13,000 for general living costs
including food, transport, gas and electricity.”
A sentença IV está correta. O texto afirma que disse que sempre foi estudiosa, porém não
podia bancar a faculdade. Como podemos ver nos trechos “She added that she has always
been ‘studious’…” e “…Vitoria said her family could not afford to support her…”.
GABARITO: A
TEXT I
Electric cars are coming: but where will you recharge?
The Snowdens can't always charge their car outside their house
They've got the only electric car in the village. Tiffany Snowden and her husband bought
their second-hand Nissan Leaf a few weeks ago and love it. It's smooth to drive and, she says,
"It's got quite a lot of power to it". But there's a problem. It's a pain to charge up.
That's because, in the North Yorkshire hamlet where they live, it's a race home every night to
get a parking space outside their house. If they succeed, they can plug the car in to mains
electricity overnight. If they fail, the options are limited.
"The closest charging point to us is about 10 miles away," says Mrs Snowden
This is a dilemma that could face an increasing number of drivers. The government says that
in just 15 years the only new cars on the market will be fully electric vehicles (EVs) or
hydrogen-powered alternatives.
While the number of charging points around the UK has increased by about 50% in the last
12 months, according to statistics from EV charging site Zap-Map.com, there are noticeable
gaps in provision around the country.
A recent report from Capital Economics suggested that fleshing out the UK's charging
network will cost £45.9bn between now and 2050. There are even fears that the electricity
grid won't be able to cope as thousands more EVs get plugged in by their new owners.
The number of charging points has risen by 50% over last 12 months
131
Is the UK ready for the electric vehicle revolution, then, or is the whole movement doomed
to stall?
The Snowdens are hoping that their local charging problem will have a local solution. The
government has allocated £5 million in funding for councils to spend on residential charging
points.
However, when Mrs Snowden asked her council about this, a representative told her there
was little space in the village for charging bays. Plus, they added that the expense of
upgrading infrastructure for such facilities was significant. Improving cabling and substations
alone could cost "upwards of £75,000", they said.
The representative advised Mrs Snowden to ask whether the local pub could install a
charging point instead - because it has parking space available and, potentially, spare
electricity.
In the meantime, the Snowdens intend to upgrade their home charging point and will have
to carefully plan where they charge up and how they use the roughly 80 miles of range they
get with their 2014 Nissan Leaf.
"I think we've kind of gone about it perhaps a bit backwards in getting the car first," she
jokes. "We kind of jumped a bit into it but I think we just have to face it now, really."
For anyone else wondering where they might charge up a new EV, there are an increasing
options, says Ben Lane, co-founder at Zap-Map.com.
"At current rates, we're essentially doubling the number of charge points in the UK over a
two year period," he says. Around 10,000 individual charging connectors were installed in
the last 12 months in the UK. However, Dr Lane adds that there are places where gaps in the
network are apparent.
"Wales is the country in the United Kingdom that probably needs to do the biggest catch-
up," he says. And while England has by far the most chargers, there are places where
coverage is "fragmented".
The government has plans to bring in a new law that would ensure every new home built in
the UK has an EV charging point. Some housing developments are already ploughing ahead
with this idea.
Pedro Pacheco at market analysts Gartner praises this approach and says that, ultimately,
drivers will have to be able to easily charge their cars at home or at work - with minimal
change to their daily routines.
"In the end, this is absolutely essential for the acceptance of EVs," he says.
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51678830)
“Around 10,000 individual charging connectors were installed in the last 12 months in the
UK.”.
a) How much individual charging connectors were installed in the last 12 months in the UK?
b) How many individual charging connectors have been installed in the last 12 months in the
UK?
132
c) How much individual charging connectors have been installed in the last 12 months in the
UK?
d) How many individual charging connectors did UK installed in the last 12 months?
e) How many individual charging connectors were installed in the last 12 months in the UK?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Connectors” é um substantivo contável e, portanto, não se
deve usar “much” e sim "many” para se referir a este substantivo.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A resposta está no “simple past”, portanto, não há que se
fazer a pergunta no “present perfect” (have been).
A alternativa C está incorreta. Esta alternativa tem dois erros. O primeiro é o uso de “how
much” para quantificar substantivo contável (connectors). O segundo erro consiste no uso
do tempo verbal “present perfect” para fazer a pergunta, porque a resposta está no “simple
past”(were).
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está em presumir que foi o país (UK) que
instalou os conectores, já que a resposta diz que os conectores foram instalados no Reino
Unido(UK), mas não que o governo do país instalou.
A alternativa E está correta. A alternativa usa corretamente o “how many” para quantificar o
substantivo connectors, já que se trata de um substantivo contável. O verbo “were” também
é adequadamente usado, já que a resposta é dada no tempo verbal “simple past”.
GABARITO: E
"They've got the only electric car in the village." (first paragraph)
The subject pronoun “they” refers to:
a) Electric cars
b) The Snowdens
c) Their car
d) Their house
e) Recharge
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho diz: eles tem o único carro elétrico da vila. Os carros
elétricos não podem possuir um carro elétrico. Por isso a alternativa está incorreta.
A alternativa B está correta. O termo retoma a família que possui o único carro elétrico da
vila. O nome deles (Snowdens=integrantes da família Snowden) é dito na frase anterior.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Their car” siginifica o carro deles, por isso estamos falando de
um único carro. Não seria correto retomar “their car” usando “they”, mas sim “it”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Their house” siginifica a casa deles, por isso estamos falando
de uma única casa. Não seria correto retomar “their house” usando “they”, mas sim “it”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Recharge” é um verbo, e não faz sentido retomar um verbo
com o pronome “they” ou qualquer outro “subject pronoun”.
GABARITO: B
133
TEXT II
ABSTRACT
Objective
To understand the perception of middle-aged adults regarding health and the aging process.
Method
and 15 of whom were male, ___II____ answered open questions about their perception of
health and aging. Data was analyzed using the thematic content analysis technique.
Results
Almost half of the respondents had not finished elementary school and only three had a
university degree. A total of 27 were married, five were retired and 25 worked in the service
provider sector, 26 were Caucasian, and 27 belonged to social-economic class B. The
perception of health was described as being related to taking care of oneself (physical,
mental and spiritual welfare), to being active and having the will to live. Regarding aging, the
middle-aged persons had already begun to perceive signs of this process such as slowness to
perform daily tasks, fatigue, muscle pain, rheumatic pain, a slowing of weight loss, gray hair,
impaired vision and hearing, difficulty performing some movements, marks on skin and
forgetfulness. Regarding protective actions, the practicing of physical activity, a healthy diet,
social and family life and having some sort of occupation were mentioned. The greatest
desire was to reach an older age with good health, independence and good living conditions.
Conclusion
Although the data of the present study cannot be generalized, it is an important starting
point for future research, since the results reveal concerns that can be reduced to support
programs of healthy aging.
Adapted from (http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1809-98232016000100035)
38. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the option that fills in the blanks I and II,
respectively.
a) who/who
b) whom/who
c) who/ whom
d) whom/which
e) whom/whom
Comentários:
and 15 of whom were male, ___II____ answered open questions about their perception…
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “whom”. A lacuna pede uma palavra que assume
função de complemento na frase. 15 dos quais eram mulheres.
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “who”. A palavra a preencher a lacuna precisa
assumir função de sujeito na frase. “who” é a única opção que se encaixa corretamente
dentre as apresentadas.
GABARITO: B
134
a) How many people are there at your company last Friday?

b) Is there anyone in the restroom right now?
c) Jack said there is ten people waiting for him.
d) There isn’t a concert at the stadium last weekend.
e) There is car dealers so you can buy a vehicle.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “last Friday” é um indicativo de tempo passado.
Portanto, não é correto o uso do “are there” na pergunta. Seria correto utilizar “were there”.
A alternativa B está correta. A sentença está correta, pois “is there” está no presente, como
sugere o resto da frase com o uso da expressão “right now”. “Is there” também é adequado
para “anyone”, já que se trata do singular.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa consiste no uso de “there is” para se
referir a “ten people”. Seria correto dizer “there are ten people” ao invés de “there is ten
people”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso de “there isn’t”, já que a
sentença sugere o uso do verbo no passado por causa do uso da expressão “last weekend”.
Seria correto usar “there weren’t” ao invés de “there isn’t”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “car dealers” está no plural, por isso não se pode usar “there
is” nesse caso. Seria correto usar “there are” ao invés de “there is”.
GABARITO: B
Text 1
During the UK lockdown, home working has soared. But struggles with childcare, pay and
conditions aren’t new
In the early 1970s, futurologists began to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace. A new wave of technological innovation seemed to be pushing together the
private and public worlds that the Industrial Revolution had rent apart.
Networked computers installed in an employee’s home would revolutionise the modern
corporation. Teleworking – as it became known – would free humanity from the grind of the
daily commute, enabling an easier blend of work and family life.
Nearly 50 years on, elements of this vision have now become a reality for millions of us.
According to the Office for National Statistics, only 5% of the UK labour force worked mainly
from home in 2019, but well over a quarter had some experience of home-working. In recent
weeks, that figure has dramatically increased as a result of the lockdown measures
implemented to tackle the spread of Covid-19. With all but key workers confined to their
homes, the virtual office is now the new norm – a development that could prove to have far-
reaching consequences. Is telework an idea whose time has finally come?
135
Looking to the past can help us to answer this question. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, there
were plenty of reasons to be excited about the possibilities of telework. Some analysts
hoped that less commuting would reduce western capitalism’s dependence on fossil fuels.
Others foresaw a revitalisation of local neighbourhoods, with dormitory suburbs
transformed into thriving communities of home-workers. Teleworking seemed to hold the
key to equality for women with young children, who could hold on to hard-won careers
thanks to more flexible regimes of home-based employment. One early adopter was the
software company F International, organised on a remote-working model from the outset.
Its founder, Stephanie “Steve” Shirley, seized the opportunity to recruit highly skilled female
programmers whose careers had stalled following marriage and motherhood.
Yet there were also reasons to be sceptical. Trade unionists feared that telework was just
another ploy by employers to cut wage bills and erode workers’ rights. Some firms recruited
teleworkers as self-employed contractors, thus shirking responsibility for pensions, sick pay
and maternity leave, as well as neatly sidestepping health and safety laws. In the early 1980s,
the office supplies company Rank Xerox restructured its UK operations by engaging former
employees as “independent” subcontractors who undertook to do a substantial amount of
work for the company and to buy its equipment. Other firms offered loans to teleworkers for
the purchase of computers, thus ensuring that their self-employment status could not be
called into question. In facilitating the spread of these forms of non-standard employment,
the rise of teleworking played its part in fostering our present-day gig economy.
Yet despite these cost-cutting advantages for companies, many managers were resistant to
remote working and adopted it with extreme caution. A congregated workforce could be
directly monitored, incentivised and disciplined, but supervising at distance posed new
challenges. For teleworkers, continuous surveillance was swapped for carefully negotiated
“deliverables” and payment by results, while only those deemed to have the right
“personality” were extended the privilege of working from home. In 1990, a senior civil
servant compiled a formidable list of necessary attributes for prospective teleworkers in his
department. They included: “self-motivation and discipline; the ability to work without direct
supervision; the ability to cope with minimal social contact and be self-reliant … the ability to
cope with any additional stress from dealing with work at the same time as domestic
responsibilities.”
Few were able to tick all the boxes. One professional writer, previously an enthusiast for
home-working, described his struggle to maintain boundaries amid the everyday noise and
chatter of family life: “How do you explain to a two-year-old that Daddy in the kitchen
making a cup of coffee is thinking about his next paragraph and is not to be interrupted?”
Women, by contrast, tended to accept these domestic conflicts as the price they paid for
clinging on to the threads of a career. Female teleworkers were less likely to have a
dedicated workspace or a spouse on hand to keep children at bay, and generally received
lower salaries than their office-bound peers. As the campaigner and expert Ursula Huws
archly put it, men felt the absence of “the masculinity-confirming buddy-world of the
workplace”. But for women without reliable childcare, it was often a choice between inferior
pay and conditions as a teleworker or not working at all.
Much of this history will resonate with frazzled parents currently housebound with children
under the coronavirus lockdown. Business gurus originally sold teleworking as a lifestyle
136
choice, conjuring images of “electronic cottages” insulated from dreary commutes and
constricting office routines. The reality of remote home-working, however, was – and
remains still – more complicated.
The Covid-19 crisis is helping to shine a light on both the pleasures and pressures of having
the home as your office. Jumping from a Zoom meeting to a lazy game with the kids in the
garden might seem like a template for the good life, but home-working does not exist apart
from wider social and economic equalities. Achieving job security, control at work and time
for a life outside of it is as pressing a problem today as it was for pioneer teleworkers in the
late-20th century. If working from home is our post-coronavirus future, let’s not forget its
complex past.
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/12/working-from-home-history-coronavirus-uk-lockdown)
“In the early 1970s, futurologists began to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace”.
a) How often futurologists begin to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace?
b) Who began to reimagine the relationship between home and workplace in the early
1970’s?
c) Why did futurologists began to reimagine the relationship between home and workplace?
d) What did futurologists begin to reimagine in the early 1970’s?
e) When did futurologists begin to reimagine the relationship between home and
workplace?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “How often” é uma expressão usada para se perguntar com
que frequência algo acontece, mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado,
precisamos perguntar quando algo aconteceu, e não com que frequência acontece.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Who” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar quem fez algo,
mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos perguntar quando algo
aconteceu, e não quem fez algo.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Why” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar por que algo
acontece, mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos perguntar quando
algo aconteceu, por que acontece.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “What” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar o que
algo aconteceu, e não o que acontece.
A alternativa E está correta. “When” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar quando algo
aconteceu, que é exatamente a pergunta que se deve fazer para que se obtenha o trecho
sublinhado como resposta. Quando os futurologistas começaram a reimaginar a relação
entre casa e trabalho? No início dos anos 1970.
GABARITO: E
137
“Few were able to tick all the boxes.” (Paragraph 7)
Mark the option that can replace the underlined sentence.
a) to fill out a form
b) to organise all the boxes
c) to fall short
d) to label all the boxes
e) to fulfill the requirements
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “to fill out a form” significa peencher um formulário,
enquanto “to tick all the boxes” significa preencher todos os requisitos. Não se pode
substituir uma expressão pela outra sem alterar o sentido da frase.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “to organise all the boxes” significa organizar todas as caixas,
A alternativa C está incorreta. “to fall short” significa ficar aquém, enquanto “to tick all the
boxes” significa preencher todos os requisitos. Não se pode substituir uma expressão pela
outra sem alterar o sentido da frase.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “to label all the boxes” significa etiquetar todas as caixas,
A alternativa E está correta. “to fulfill the requirements” significa preencher todos os
requisitos, que é exatamente a mesma significação de “to tick all the boxes”. A substituição é
perfeita.
GABARITO: E
a) How many sugar do you add to your coffee?

b) Have you ever been to New York?
c) My earphones is so uncomfortable.
d) There is a weird guy across the street looking to me.
e) There is girls who don’t like shopping.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Sugar” é um substantivo incoontável e, por isso, não
podemos usar “How many sugar” para perguntar sobre a quantidade de açúcar. Nessa
situação, devemos usar “how much sugar”.
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se perguntar se alguém já foia
algum lugar. “have you ever been to…”
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Earphones” é uma palavra que está no plural e, portanto,
exige que o verbo seja conjugado de acordo. O verbo “is” é usado apenas no singular,
devendo ser substituído por “are” quando no plural.
138
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está na preposição usada após o
verbo “looking”. A preposição correta seria “at” ao invés de “to”, pois essa é a regência do
verbo “look”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Esta alternativa deveria trazer a expressão “there are” ao invés
de “there is”, já que “girls” está no plural e “there is” só pode ser usado quando o
substantivo está no singular.
GABARITO: B
Text 1
After the Covid-19 crisis, will we get a greener world?

Pollution and emissions are down, but we will squander these gains if governments fail to
push ahead with decisive change
The current crisis has revealed a sobering truth: the global economic shutdown, which has
been achieved at a devastating social cost, has barely dented our carbon emissions. The
latest analysis, by the International Energy Agency (IEA), expects this year’s annual emissions
to be down by just 6-8%. Such a small drop in emissions would have no measurable effect on
the world’s carbon concentration, or its warming potential. Indeed, 2020 is currently on
track to be the hottest year ever recorded.
“You’d need about a 10% drop to have a noticeable effect on the rising CO2 concentrations,
but even then concentrations would still be rising,” says Richard Betts, head of climate
impacts at the Met Office. “The rate of rise of CO2 varies from year to year anyway, as the
natural carbon sinks get stronger and weaker because of natural processes, like El Niño.”
During an El Niño event, tropical forests don’t take up as much carbon, so the atmospheric
CO2 rises a bit faster. And in La Niña, the opposite occurs. “That effect is probably more
important than the small drop in emissions we’re seeing now.”
Considering that emissions have to fall by at least 7.6% every year to 2050 in order to keep
global warming below 1.5C (above pre-industrial levels), this internationally agreed target
now feels alarmingly unachievable.
“It shows that the challenge of avoiding dangerous climate change and getting to zero
emissions is unbelievably hard,” says Simon Evans of climate science website Carbon Brief.
“Even something which seems to be having seismic implications for the global economy, at
least in the short term, like the current crisis, is something of a drop in the ocean compared
to that challenge.”
And yet, the cleaner air, burgeoning urban wildlife, and our sudden, dramatic shift to a less
carbon-intensive lifestyle reveal the scope of what we can achieve in just days. This is
something to cling to as we navigate the twin storms of Covid-19 and climate. We know that
the climate crisis will not wait for a more convenient time; we must deal with it and the
pandemic crisis concurrently. It is, however, the killer disease that has provoked the strong
and urgent response. Governments have been forced to step in and deal with the
catastrophe in a way that is unprecedented, including supporting business and industry, and
public and private infrastructure.
139
Across the world, government has never been bigger. Many experts argue that this provides
us with a huge opportunity to also deal with the other crisis: to make a transformational leap
towards a sustainable society that enables us to keep the world below dangerous warming.
How we respond to this unique opportunity could set our climate trajectory for thousands of
years to come.
These behavioural changes we’ve experienced – some of which may become ingrained
permanently, meaning travel and consumption patterns become more responsible – are
helpful in reducing pollution, just as hand-washing helps in the pandemic. But what the
expected 8% emissions reduction figure shows us is that individual action – driving your car
less, attending a meeting via Zoom rather than taking a business flight – is not going to be
enough. Equally, it shows that moving to a no-growth economy is not the answer, as some
have argued. Instead, systemic transformative action is required at international and state
level to get the effective reductions in atmospheric carbon that will bring us to net zero.
“It means we can’t be fiddling around the edges,” says Betts. “If we are going to have a
substantial impact on long-term CO2 concentrations, we need huge, lasting changes in
energy systems and other things that rely on fossil fuels.”
It’s worth noting that the IEA analysis was based on the expectation that human activity will
return to some approximation of “normal” within months, so the shutdown period itself is
likely to produce a far steeper drop in emissions – CO2 emissions in China fell by an
estimated 25% during its February lockdown, for example. India, meanwhile, recorded its
first ever annual emissions fall for the year ending March, and is expected to show a 30%
drop in emissions for the month of April. “But what we’re seeing at the moment is, for the
most part, very temporary,” Evans says. “When we drive again, the car still burns petrol.”
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/17/after-the-covid-19-crisis-will-we-get-a-greener-world)
“The current crisis has revealed a sobering truth: the global economic shutdown, which has
been achieved at a devastating social cost, has barely dented our carbon emissions”.
a) How often has the current crisis revealed a sobering truth?

b) Who has revealed a sobering truth?
c) Why has the global economic shutdown revealed a sobering truth?
d) What did the current crisis reveal?
e) What has the current crisis revealed?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “How often” é uma expressão usada para se perguntar com
que frequência algo acontece, mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado,
precisamos perguntar o que aconteceu, e não com que frequência acontece.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Who” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar quem fez algo,
mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos perguntar o que aconteceu,
e não quem fez algo.
140
acontece, mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos perguntar o que
aconteceu, e não por que acontece.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “What” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar o que
acontece, mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos usar o tempo
verbal present perfect, pois esse é o tempo verbal usado no enunciado.
A alternativa E está correta. “What” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar quando algo
aconteceu, que é exatamente a pergunta que se deve fazer para que se obtenha o trecho
sublinhado como resposta. O que a atual crise revelou? A resposta seria exatamente o
trecho sublinhado no enunciado.
GABARITO: E
44. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence which is grammatically
correct.
a) How many water do you drink a day?

b) Which fees have you paid to enroll at this school?
c) Ignorant people don’t recognize his own ignorance.
d) There are a very beautiful girl in my classroom.
e) Have you gone to London during your vacation?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Water” é um substantivo incontável e, por isso, não podemos
usar “How many water” para perguntar sobre a quantidade de água. Nessa situação,
devemos usar “how much water”.
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se perguntar quais taxas você
pagou para se matricular nessa escola.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “People” é uma palavra que está no plural e, portanto, exige
que o verbo seja conjugado de acordo. “His” é usado apenas no singular masculino, devendo
ser substituído por “their” quando no plural.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso de “there are”, pois a
frase está no singular, sendo correto o uso de “there is” ao invés de “there are”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso do verbo “gone” que não se
usa para perguntar se alguém foi a algum lugar. O correto seria substituir o verbo por
“been”, que é a forma mais adequada de fazer a pergunta.
GABARITO: B
Text 1
Galwan Valley: China accuses India of 'deliberate provocation'
China has accused Indian troops of a "deliberate provocation" in its first official comments
on Monday's deadly clash at a disputed Himalayan border.
141
Foreign ministry spokesman Lijian Zhao said the troops had crossed into Chinese territory
and attacked, triggering "fierce physical conflicts".
However he did not give details of any Chinese casualties.
On Friday Indian PM Narendra Modi said no foreign soldiers had crossed India's borders and
no territory had been lost.
Mr Modi vowed that India would defend its border with military force if necessary.
Twenty Indian soldiers were killed in the clash in the Galwan Valley. India has said that both
sides suffered losses during the fighting.
What is China's version of events?
In a series of tweets, Mr Zhao said the Galwan Valley was on the Chinese side of the Line of
Actual Control (LAC), the poorly demarcated border between the two nuclear-armed
powers.
He said the clash occurred at a time when tension had been easing after India demolished
infrastructure it had built on the Chinese side of the LAC in May and withdrew personnel,
following an agreement between Chinese and Indian officers.
But on 15 June Indian troops "once again crossed the Line of Actual Control for deliberate
provocation when the situation in the Galwan Valley was already easing", Mr Zhao said.
"India's front-line troops even violently attacked the Chinese officers and soldiers who went
there for negotiation, thus triggering fierce physical conflicts and causing casualties," he said.
India has been building "roads, bridges and other facilities" at the LAC in Galwan Valley since
April, Mr Zhao said.
What did PM Modi say about it?
In a televised statement on Friday, Mr Modi said there had been no incursion into Indian
territory.
"Nobody has intruded into our border, neither is anybody there now, nor have our posts
been captured," he said.
India's armed forces had been "given a free hand to take all necessary steps" to protect
Indian territory, he added.
"The entire country is hurt and angry at the steps taken by China," he said, adding: "India
wants peace and friendship, but upholding sovereignty is foremost."
His government had previously blamed China for the clash, with the foreign ministry
releasing a statement on Wednesday saying it had been sparked after "the Chinese side
sought to erect a structure in Galwan valley on our side of the LAC".
What happened in the Galwan Valley?
Media reports said troops clashed on ridges at a height of nearly 4,300m (14,000 ft) on steep
terrain, with some soldiers falling into the fast-flowing Galwan river in sub-zero
temperatures.
At least 76 Indian soldiers were reportedly injured in addition to the 20 dead. China has not
released any information about Chinese casualties.
The fighting took place without any firearms because of a 1996 agreement barring guns and
explosives from the area.
An image that emerged on Thursday purportedly showed some of the crude weapons used
in the fight.
142
The photograph, which appears to show iron rods studded with nails, was passed to the BBC
by a senior Indian military official on the India-China border, who said the weapons had been
used by the Chinese.
The image was widely shared on Twitter in India, prompting outrage from many social media
users. Neither Chinese or Indian officials have commented on it.
(Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53118473)
“India has said that both sides suffered losses during the fighting”.
a) Who suffered losses during the fight?

b) How were losses suffered during the fight?
c) Why has India said there were losses?
d) When has India said there were losses?
e) When did both sides suffer losses?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Who” é usado para se perguntar quem fez algo algo, mas
para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos perguntar em qu emomento algo
aconteceu, e não quem fez algo.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “How” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar como algo
aconteceu, mas para obter como resposta o trecho sublinhado, precisamos perguntar em
que momento algo aconteceu, e não como aconteceu.
aconteceu, e não por que acontece.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A pergunta feita pela alternativa não tem como resposta o
trecho sublinhado no enunciado, mas sim quando foi que a Índia declarou que os dois lados
sofreram baixas.
A alternativa E está correta. A pergunta feita na alternativa está correta. Quando os dois
lados sofreram baixas? Durante a luta (during the fighting). A resposta seria exatamente o
trecho sublinhado no enunciado.
GABARITO: E
Observe the comic strip to do item 46.
143
https://www.thecomicstrips.com/store/add.php?iid=182831
46. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) It’s correct to say that the boy
a) is not capable of understanding what his Grandfather is talking about.
b) got happy due to his Grandfather’s new acquisition.
c) is proud of his Grandfather because he knows how to use technology.
d) agrees that his Grandfather made a good choice by buying a top technology phone.
e) doesn’t get why his Grampa got a new phone if he doesn’t know how to use its features.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode afirmar que o menino não é capaz de entender
do que o avô está falando, pois não há nenhum indicativo disso na tirinha.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos dizer que o menino fica feliz com a aquisição do
avô, pois não há nenhuma fala dele que remeta a isso, e sua linguagem não verbal também
não sugere isso.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não podemos dizer que o está orgulhoso de seu avô por ele
saber mexer nas funcionalidades do telefone, pois o texto da tirinha nos mostra que, na
verdade, ele não sabe.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não se pode dizer que o menino acha que o avô fez uma boa
escolha ao comprar o telefone novo, já que ele pergunta se o avô sabe usar as funções do
telefone e o avô diz que não.
A alternativa E está correta. É correto dizer que o não entende muito bem por que seu avô
comprou o telefone se ele não sabia usar as funções contidas no aparelho. A linguagem não
verbal contida na tirinha corrobora essa conclusão.
GABARITO: E
a) How many fruit do you eat a day?

b) How much have you paid in taxes to government last year?
c) Rich people forgets the actual value of money.
d) There is people who likes eating junk food.
e) Have you made your homework yet?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “fruit” é um substantivo incontável e, por isso, não podemos
usar “How many fruit” para perguntar sobre a quantidade de frutas. Nessa situação,
devemos usar “how much fruit”.
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se perguntar o quanto você
pagou em impostos para o governo no ano passado.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “People” é uma palavra que está no plural e, portanto, exige
que o verbo seja conjugado de acordo. Portanto, deveríamos ter o verbo conjugado como
“forget” ao invés de “forgets”.
144
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso de “there is”, pois a frase
traz a palavra “people” que remete ao plural, sendo correto o uso de “there are” ao invés de
“there is”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso do verbo “made” que não se
usa para perguntar se alguém fez o trabalho de casa. O correto seria substituir o verbo por
“done”, que é a forma mais adequada de fazer a pergunta.
GABARITO: B
Text 1
New York's hungry rats torment alfresco diners after lockdown famine
New York City is starting to tentatively emerge from the ravages of the coronavirus
pandemic but a revival in outdoor restaurant dining is facing a new hazard – a plague of rats.
Diners are facing a surge in rat activity following a lockdown period where the rodents were
cut off from key food sources as businesses including restaurants and grocery stores shut
down, forcing rats to battle for snacks and even eat each other.
Since 22 June, New York City restaurants have been allowed to serve people again in outdoor
settings, prompting sidewalks and car parking spaces to be dotted with tables and chairs. But
the resumption of alfresco dining has led to people having unexpected rodent companions
for their meals.
Giacomo Romano, who owns Ciccio, an Italian restaurant in Manhattan’s Soho, said rats
from a nearby park have been harassing diners since the outdoor meals were permitted.
“Last night, a customer had a baby rat running on his shoe, and I let you just imagine his
reaction,” Romano told NBC.
Romano and other business owners have called on the city to do more to reduce rat
populations, as the city hauls itself out of a pandemic crisis that has claimed more than
20,000 lives. New infections and deaths have dropped sharply since April but New York City
has postponed plans to allow indoor dining due to concerns over surging Covid-19 cases in
other states, such as Florida, Texas and Arizona.
New York City has waged a long and often fruitless war against rats, with the rodents
adapting adroitly to the city’s haphazard waste collection and disposal practices. Rats are a
common sight in streets and in the subway, where the rodents have proven themselves
adept at spiriting away slices of pizza.
The resumption of dining activity is likely to stir a wave of activity among rats following a
period of relative famine, meaning interactions with people are set to continue.
“Rats are designed to smell molecules of anything that’s food-related,” Bobby Corrigan, an
urban rodentologist, told NBC. “They follow those food molecules like heat-seeking missiles
– and eventually you know they end up where those molecules are originating.”
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/10/new-york-rats-diners-outdoor-restaurants)
145
“a revival in outdoor restaurant dining is facing a new hazard”.
a) Who is facing a new hazard?

b) How are people attending at restaurants?
c) Why is outdoor restaurant dining facing a new hazard?
d) When is a revival in outdoor restaurant dining happening?
e) What is outdoor restaurant dining facing?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A pergunta feita no enunciado teria como resposta “outdoor
restaurant dining”, e não o trecho sublinhado no enunciado.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “How” é uma palavra usada para se perguntar como algo
aconteceu. A resposta para essa pergunta seria algo relacionado a “outdoor” já que as
pessoas estão comendo ao ar livre do lado de for a dos restaurantes.
acontece, e o trecho não fornece essa informação. Portanto, não se pode encontrar a
resposta para essa questão no trecho do enunciado.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A pergunta feita pela alternativa não tem como resposta o
trecho sublinhado no enunciado, mas sim quando vai acontecer a volta das refeições ao ar
livre nos restaurantes.
A alternativa E está correta. A pergunta feita na alternativa está correta. O que as refeições
ao ar livre em restaurantes estão enfrentando? Um novo perigo (a new hazard). A resposta
seria exatamente o trecho sublinhado no enunciado.
GABARITO: E
a) My brother will born tomorrow at the hospital.

b) The President is the reponsible for the Executive Branch.
c) My dog will do a surgery. He needs some rest.
d) There is people who get convicted by the judge.
e) Have you done your bed yet?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de que ela não usa
corretamente o verbo nascer. Deve-se dizer “will be born” ao invés de “will born”
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se dizer que o presidente é o
responsável pelo poder executivo.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Em inglês, não podemos dizer que o cachorro vai fazer uma
cirurgia. Isso faz parecer que o cachorro vai operar alguém quando, na verdade, o cachorro
irá sofrer a cirurgia. Então, deveríamos escrever “will have a surgery” ao invés de “will do a
surgery”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso de “there is”, pois a frase
traz a palavra “people” que remete ao plural, sendo correto o uso de “there are” ao invés de
“there is”.
146
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ao dizer “fazer a cama”, devemos escrever “make the bed” ao
invés de dizer “do the bed”. Portanto, seria correto trocar “done” por “made”.
GABARITO: B
Text 1
Thinking of traveling in the U.S? These states have travel restrictions.
Nearly half of the states have measures in place for visitors, from mandatory testing to
quarantine requirements.
In the United States, gas prices are down while the number of coronavirus cases are up,
making the decision of how to vacation during this unprecedented summer a complex one.
Meanwhile, state restrictions on travelers are constantly evolving, with some requiring
mandatory testing and others imposing quarantine requirements.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that travel increases a person’s
chance of getting and spreading the virus. “Staying home is the best way to protect yourself
and others from Covid-19,” the federal agency cautions.
For those who do take a trip, the C.D.C. notes that each mode of transportation has its own
risks, and offers a series of recommendations for safety: that people wear a face mask in
public, wash hands frequently, avoid touching their face, keep six feet from others, cover
coughs and sneezes, and use drive-through service and curbside pickup at restaurants and
stores.
Here is a summary of current restrictions in the United States for leisure travelers, although
some requirements do not apply to those spending less than a day in the state. Many states
also have exemptions for essential workers who are on the job, including health care
workers, members of the military and others, but even they are subject to some restrictions.
With the number of coronavirus cases surging across the country, check the areas you plan
to visit before you travel. Some municipalities or counties may have more stringent
regulations than issued by their state.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/10/travel/state-travel-restrictions.html)
50. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) What can we infer from the text? Mark the correct
option
a) Travelers should ignore the restrictions and keep doing their travels
b) C.D.C made the restrictions in order to mitigate the spread of the virus
c) People shouldn’t check the areas in U.S that they are planning to visit
d) Making the decision of how to vacation got easier
e) U.S was not affected by the coronavirus pandemic
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não nos infere que os viajantes devem ignorar as
restrições de viagem e continuar fazendo-as normalmente, mas sim que os mesmos devem
seguir as restrições caso queiram continuar viajando.
147
A alternativa B está correta. O C.D.C criou as restrições com o intuito de amenizar a
disseminação do vírus, assim como o texto nos infere.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não nos infere que as pessoas não deveriam checar as
áreas que querem visitar nos Estados Unidos, mas sim, exatamente o contrário.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não nos infere que tomar a decisão de como viajar
ficou mais fácil, mas sim, exatamente o contrário.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto não nos infere que os Estados Unidos não foram
afetados pela pandemia, mas sim, que foi, e muito.
GABARITO: B
Observe this comic strip to do items 51 and 52
(Adapted from https://www.thecomicstrips.com/index.php?iid=184107)
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) The correct use of verb to be to complete the
blank on the strip is
a) Are
b) Aren’t
c) Were
d) Weren’t
e) Is
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Are” é a forma plural, afirmativa e no presente do verb to be,
porém a questão requisitava uma forma plural, interrogativa e no presente.
A alternativa B está correta. “Aren’t” é o uso correto do verb to be para este caso. Um uso
plural, interrogativo e no presente.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Were” é a forma plural do verb to be, porém, se encontra no
passado e na forma afirmativa, enquanto a questão requisitava uma forma plural,
interrogativa e no presente.
148
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Weren’t” é a forma plural e interrogativa do verb to be,
porém, se encontra no passado, enquanto a questão requisitava uma forma plural,
interrogativa e no presente.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Is” é a forma singular do verb to be e se encontra no
presente, porém a questão requisitava uma forma plural, interrogativa e no presente.
GABARITO: B
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) About the woman, we can assume that
a) She was satisfied with the man’s last reply

b) She thinks that they are not a good team
c) She was expecting that answer from him
d) She was disappointed with his answer
e) She wasn’t talking to the man beside her
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos afirmar que a mulher ficou satisfeita com a
resposta final do homem, mas sim, que ela ficou desapontada.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos afirmar que a mulher que eles não formam um
bom time, mas sim, o contrário.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não podemos afirmar que a mulher esperava aquela resposta
do homem, mas sim, o contrário.
A alternativa D está correta. Podemos afirmar que a mulher ficou desapontada com a
resposta dele, assim como essa opção indica.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não podemos afirmar que a mulher não estava falando com o
homem ao lado dela, mas sim, que ela estava.
GABARITO: D
TEXT II
Climate change: Summers could become 'too hot for humans'
Millions of people around the world could be exposed to dangerous levels of heat stress - a
dangerous condition which can cause organs to shut down.
Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life
threatening conditions. These include being out in the open on farms and building sites or
indoors in factories and hospitals. Global warming will increase the chances of summer
conditions that may be "too hot for humans" to work in.
When we caught up with Dr Jimmy Lee, his goggles were steamed up and there was sweat
trickling off his neck. An emergency medic, he's labouring in the stifling heat of tropical
Singapore to care for patients with Covid-19. There's no air conditioning - a deliberate
choice, to prevent the virus being blown around - and he notices that he and his colleagues
become "more irritable, more short with each other".
149
And his personal protective equipment, essential for avoiding infection, makes things worse
by creating a sweltering 'micro-climate' under the multiple layers of plastic. "It really hits you
when you first go in there," Dr Lee says, "and it's really uncomfortable over a whole shift of
eight hours - it affects morale."
One danger, he realises, is that overheating can slow down their ability to do something
that's vital for medical staff - make quick decisions. Another is that they may ignore the
warning signs of what's called heat stress - such as faintness and nausea - and keep on
working till they collapse.
What is heat stress?
It's when the body is unable to cool down properly so its core temperature keeps rising to
dangerous levels and key organs can shut down. It happens when the main technique for
getting rid of excess heat - the evaporation of sweat on the skin - can't take place because
the air is too humid. And as Dr Lee and other medics have found, the impermeable layers of
personal protection equipment (PPE) - designed to keep the virus out - have the effect of
preventing the sweat from evaporating.
According to Dr Rebecca Lucas, who researches physiology at the University of Birmingham,
the symptoms can escalate from fainting and disorientation to cramps and failure of the guts
and kidneys. "It can become very serious as you overheat, and in all areas of the body."
How can we spot it?
A system known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures not only heat but
also humidity and other factors to give a more realistic description of the conditions. Back in
the 1950s, the US military used it to work out guidelines for keeping soldiers safe.
When the WBGT reaches 29C, for example, the recommendation is to suspend exercise for
anyone not acclimatised. Yet that's the level Dr Lee and his colleagues are regularly
experiencing at Singapore's Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. And at the top of the scale -
when the WBGT registers 32C - the US says strenuous training should stop because the risk
becomes "extreme".
But levels that high have recently been recorded inside hospitals in Chennai in India by Prof
Vidhya Venugopal of the Sri Ramachandra University. She's also found workers in a salt pan
enduring a WBGT that climbs during the day to 33C - at which point they have to seek
shelter. And in a steel plant, a ferocious level of 41.7C was recorded, the workers being
among the most vulnerable to what she calls "the huge heat".
"If this happens day-in, day-out, people become dehydrated, there are cardiovascular issues,
kidney stones, heat exhaustion," Prof Venugopal says.
What solutions are there?
According to Dr Jimmy Lee, "it's not rocket science". People need to drink plenty of fluid
before they start work, take regular breaks and then drink again when they rest. His hospital
has started laying on "slushie" semi-frozen drinks to help the staff cool down. But he admits
that avoiding heat stress is easier said than done.
For him and his colleagues, going for rests involves the laborious process of changing out of
PPE and then back into a new set of equipment. There's a practical problem as well - "some
people do not want to drink so they can avoid having to go to the toilet," he says. And
there's a professional desire to keep working whatever the difficulties so as not to let
colleagues and patients down at a time of crisis.
150
People who are highly motivated can actually be at the greatest risk of heat injury, says Dr
Jason Lee, an associate professor in physiology at the National University of Singapore. He's a
leading member of a group specialising in the dangers of excessive heat, the Global Heat
Health Information Network, which has drawn up guidelines to help medics cope with Covid-
19.
It's spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO) and the US weather and climate agency Noaa. Dr Lee says that as well
as measures like rest and fluids - and shade for outdoor workers - a key strategy for resisting
heat stress is to be fit. "This climate change will be a bigger monster and we really need a
coordinated effort across nations to prepare for what is to come. "If not," he says, "there'll
be a price to be paid."
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53415298)
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text
“Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life
threatening conditions”
Mark the option that can replace the underlined sentence without changing its meaning
a) Many live in first world countries

b) Many work in developing countries
c) Many have as home emergent nations
d) Many do not live in underdeveloped nations
e) Many like to live in developing nations
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho sublinhado não significa que muitos vivem em países
de primeiro mundo, mas sim, que muitos tem como lar nações emergentes, ou seja, países
em desenvolvimento.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho sublinhado não significa que muitos trabalham em
países em desenvolvimento, mas sim, que muitos tem como lar nações emergentes, ou seja,
países em desenvolvimento.
A alternativa C está correta. O trecho sublinhado significa que muitos tem como lar nações
emergentes, ou seja, países em desenvolvimento, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho sublinhado não significa que muitos não vivem em
nações subdesenvolvidas (países em desenvolvimento), mas sim, que muitos tem como lar
nações emergentes, ou seja, países em desenvolvimento.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O trecho sublinhado não significa que muitos gostam de viver
em nações em desenvolvimento (países em desenvolvimento), mas sim, que muitos tem
como lar nações emergentes, ou seja, vivem em países em desenvolvimento.
GABARITO: C
Observe this comic strip to do item 54.
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(Adapted from thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-07/184716)
54. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) About Clyde, we can assume that
a) He knows where he parked his car

b) He doesn’t know Carl
c) He doesn’t remember where he parked his car
d) He walked to the place where they are
e) He thought Carl had walked to the place they are
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Sobre Clyde, não é correto afirmar que ele sabe onde
estacionou seu carro, mas sim, que ele não sabe.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Sobre Clyde, não é correto afirmar que ele não conhece Carl,
mas sim, que eles se conhecem.
A alternativa C está correta. Sobre Clyde, é correto afirmar que ele não lembra onde ele
estacionou seu carro, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Sobre Clyde, não é correto afirmar que ele andou até o local
onde eles estão, mas sim, que ele foi de carro e não se lembra onde estacionou.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Sobre Clyde, não é correto afirmar que ele pensou que Carl
andou até o local onde eles estão, mas sim, que ele pensou que Carl tinha ido de carro e
tivesse esquecido onde estacionou.
GABARITO: C
55. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct
a) The mother is responsible for the children

b) My sister are the best in the world
c) I make my bed this weekend
d) The Queen live in London
e) I’ll do a surgery this month
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se dizer que a mãe é responsável
pelos filhos
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A alternativa B está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na conjugação do verbo to be, que
deveria estar no singular “is” para se referir a apenas uma irmã.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na falta do “will” depois do eu (I), há
um erro de conjugação.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na conjugação do verbo live, que
deveria ser “lives” para o presente do indicativo.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na expressão “I will do a surgery”.
Em inglês se diz que você irá sofrer uma cirurgia, e não fazer uma cirurgia, ou seja, deveria
ser “I will have a surgery”.
GABARITO: A
TEXT I
We Need a COVID-19 Vaccine. We Also Need Transparency About Its Development

The authorization of an effective vaccine will mark perhaps the biggest turning point in the
battle against coronavirus, but only if enough people are willing to get vaccinated. There
have been substantial declines in public willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19,
despite immense, unprecedented public investments in vaccine development. In one survey,
barely half of Americans said they would get the vaccine as soon as it was available, numbers
that will undermine the benefits of even a highly effective vaccine.
It is no mystery why trust in a potential vaccine has plummeted. Operation Warp Speed, the
Trump Administration’s $10 billion vaccine initiative, and other vaccine efforts have
compressed processes that usually take years into months. This speed alone can raise
concerns, but to date, that pace has been matched with strict adherence to the basic
principles of scientific integrity. However, increasing politicization of key regulatory bodies
and unexplained decisions in trial procedures threaten to undermine the entire project. We
need a lot more transparency in this process to ensure that only a vaccine proven by data to
be safe and effective will be approved.
Unlike medical treatments given to the sick, vaccines are given to healthy people.
Historically, vaccines have been very safe and highly effective due to the rigor and care of
both the scientists conducting the trials, and the regulators deciding whether to approve
vaccines for public use. Even rare adverse events are carefully identified and studied. For
vaccinations to work, we must be able to trust our doctors when they tell us it is time for a
shot.
The coronavirus vaccine approval process has consequences that extend well beyond the
pandemic. Driven by misinformation, so-called “vaccine hesitancy” has been growing for
years. But as long as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could be trusted to rigorously
follow the science, most of us continued to get vaccinated. That has changed in the
pandemic. The politicization of the FDA—apparent in the handling of the authorization of
hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma, amongst others—has substantially damaged
faith in the FDA. If the FDA again acts politically in approving a vaccine, it will further increase
vaccine hesitancy. If safety concerns emerge after the vaccine has been approved,
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confidence in vaccines could be destroyed for a generation, in a single stroke, undoing a
century of public health gains.
But restoring trust in FDA alone will not be enough. We need the companies making the
vaccines, and the researchers studying the data, to act differently as well. Recently, one of
the major trials—for the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, supported by more than $1 billion in
public funds from Operation Warp Speed—was paused following a possible adverse reaction
to the virus in a trial participant. But while the leadership of AstraZeneca mentioned the
event in a private phone call with investors, they did not share the details with the public. A
few days later, the trials resumed again, with little information of what changed. This will not
do. Given that the American taxpayer has invested billions of dollars into these trials, and will
foot the bill for billions more when the vaccine is released, the American people have a right
to know much more.
Beyond more fully disclosing safety events, the pharmaceutical companies working to
develop a vaccine should publish the protocols of their clinical trial protocols, as Moderna
did on Thursday, so we understand how the trials are structured, if changes have been
made, and why. This is essential. Further, they should publish their analysis plan so the
public can see what subgroups of patients the investigators had planned to study, why, and
whether their approach is sound. Each time a trial is paused tell the public what happened,
how it was investigated, and why the trial was allowed to continue.
Making these critical documents public would be unusual—they usually aren’t made public
until a trial is published. However, these are extraordinary times and failure to secure
confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine would have disastrous consequences.
With just weeks until the election, the pressure on the FDA to quickly approve a vaccine will
mount. But the more the timeline is politicized, the more vaccine hesitancy will grow.
Transparency can stem the tide of skepticism, even if it cannot entirely extinguish the
persistent current of misinformation and mistrust of science. We must practice aggressive
transparency, and let the FDA’s career scientists, not political appointees, make the decisions
about approvals and explain those decisions to the American people.
The public’s faith in the vaccine development process is a critical component of the vaccine,
because vaccines don’t save lives, vaccinations do. For a vaccine to help bring this pandemic
under control, hundreds of thousands of healthy Americans must undergo vaccination. We
need to assure them that the vaccines work—and that they are safe. These are
unprecedented times. They need unprecedented transparency.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5890216/transparency-covid-vaccine-development/)
“In one survey, barely half of Americans said they would get the vaccine as soon as it was
available, numbers that will undermine the benefits of even a highly effective vaccine…”
(paragraph 1)
a) What is the impact of these numbers on a possible vaccine?

b) What are the benefits of a highly effective vaccine?
c) What are the harms of a vaccine made in record time?
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d) Which statistics can undermine the benefits of even a highly effective vaccine?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A frase sublinhada (números que prejudicarão os benefícios até
mesmo de uma vacina altamente eficaz) responde à pergunta “qual é o impacto desses
números em uma possível vacina?”, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase sublinhada (números que prejudicarão os benefícios
até mesmo de uma vacina altamente eficaz) não responde à pergunta “quais são os
benefícios de uma vacina altamente eficaz?”, mas sim, à pergunta “qual é o impacto desses
números em uma possível vacina?”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase sublinhada (números que prejudicarão os benefícios
até mesmo de uma vacina altamente eficaz) não responde à pergunta “quais são os
malefícios de uma vacina feita em tempo recorde?”, mas sim, à pergunta “qual é o impacto
desses números em uma possível vacina?”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase sublinhada (números que prejudicarão os benefícios
até mesmo de uma vacina altamente eficaz) não responde à pergunta “quais estatísticas
podem prejudicar os benefícios de até mesmo uma vacina altamente eficaz?”, mas sim, à
pergunta “qual é o impacto desses números em uma possível vacina?”.
GABARITO: A
expression keeping the same meaning
“We need a lot more transparency in this process…” (paragraph 2)
a) Much
b) Many
c) Very
d) Really
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A expressão “a lot” (muito) pode ser substituída pela expressão
“much” (muito) pois os dois classificam substantivos incontáveis, que é o caso de
“transparency” (transparência).
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “a lot” (muito) não pode ser substituída pela
expressão “many” (muitos) pois esta expressão classifica apenas substantivos contáveis, que
não é o caso de “transparency” (transparência).
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “a lot” (muito) não pode ser substituída pela
expressão “very” (muito), pois esta é um advérbio de intensidade, e o substantivo
(transparency – transparência) pede uma expressão que classifique substantivos incontáveis.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “a lot” (muito) não pode ser substituída pela
expressão “really” (muito), pois esta é um advérbio de intensidade, e o substantivo
(transparency – transparência) pede uma expressão que classifique substantivos incontáveis.
GABARITO: A
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TEXT I
How to Make Homemade Face Masks More Effective
Five months after coronavirus took root in the U.S., face masks remain one of the most
controversial and confusing parts of the pandemic.
Changing public-health messaging hasn’t helped. In March, when personal protective
equipment (PPE) was running short, top U.S. public-health officials told Americans that the
general public did not need masks because they don’t fully block respiratory particles that
spread COVID-19, such as those in a sick person’s cough or sneeze. Most masks are best at
preventing particles from getting into the air where others might inhale them, so, at first, the
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that only sick people
wear them.
But as research progressed, studies showed compelling evidence that even asymptomatic
people could infect others with coronavirus—which meant anyone could be unknowingly
contagious, and everyone should be trying not to breathe on other people. As science
evolved—and a dire PPE shortage eased—the CDC revised its guidance to suggest that
everyone wear fabric masks in public.
President Donald Trump has also sent mixed messages on masks. He has called wearing
masks “patriotic,” but has also opted not to wear them during public appearances or require
them at his rallies. Other politicians have also resisted mandates on mask wearing—Georgia
Governor Brian Kemp even sued Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms after she required
them in public. (He later dropped the lawsuit.)
As a result, many people are understandably confused about how masks work and when
they should be worn. The science continues to evolve, but here are experts’ latest
recommendations about masks and coronavirus.
How can I make homemade masks more effective?
“The more layers, the better,” says Raina MacIntyre, an infectious disease expert from the
University of New South Wales who has studied mask efficacy. In a recent study, MacIntyre
and her colleagues recommend a minimum of three layers of fabric. (That said, any face
covering is better than none. If all you’ve got is a bandana or t-shirt, wear that.)
While the layers closest to your face can be something soft, like cotton, the outer layer
should be a water-resistant fabric, like polyester, that can repel droplets. “There’s an easy
way to test any fabric,” MacIntyre says. “Take a piece of fabric and drop one drop of water
on it and see what happens.” If it soaks in, it’s not repellent enough for the outer layer. If it
beads up, you’re in business.”
Fit is also important. You can easily breathe in germs if there are gaps between the edges of
your mask and your face, MacIntyre says. For that reason, she recommends a face mask over
a face shield, which is typically open at the bottom.
Finally, your nose should be inside your mask at all times, says Ben Abbott, an
environmental sciences professor at Utah’s Brigham Young University who recently compiled
a guide to masks. “The droplets are produced as you breathe out of your nose just as easily
as when you breathe out of your mouth,” he says.
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But aren’t medical masks better?
N95 masks, the fitted respirators doctors wear when caring for contagious patients, are
better than cloth masks at blocking viral particles from coming in. Cloth masks offer some
protection via a physical barrier—which gets more effective with more layers—but N95s
offer better filtration. However, the general public is urged not to buy N95 masks so there
are enough for health care workers and the highest-risk individuals.
Studies do show that multi-layered cloth masks are about as good as surgical masks at
containing the spray of respiratory particles when the wearer sneezes, coughs or talks. That
means if everyone wore a cloth mask in public, there would be far less virus circulating and a
much lower chance of anyone getting sick. “My mask protects you, your mask protects me,”
Abbott says.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5880867/face-masks-coronavirus/)
“…if everyone wore a cloth mask in public, there would be far less virus circulating and a
much lower chance of anyone getting sick.” (paragraph 11)
a) Why should people wear masks?

b) What are the harms of the mask?
c) Does everyone need to wear a mask?
d) How many layers a good mask should have?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O fragmento sublinhado (haveria muito menos vírus circulando
e uma chance muito menor de alguém ficar doente) responde à pergunta “por que as
pessoas devem usar máscaras?”, assim como esta opção indica
A alternativa B está incorreta. O fragmento sublinhado (haveria muito menos vírus
circulando e uma chance muito menor de alguém ficar doente) não responde à pergunta
“quais são os malefícios da máscara?”, mas sim, à pergunta “por que as pessoas devem usar
máscaras?”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O fragmento sublinhado (haveria muito menos vírus
“todos precisam usar a máscara?”, mas sim, à pergunta “por que as pessoas devem usar
máscaras?”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O fragmento sublinhado (haveria muito menos vírus
“quantas camadas uma boa máscara deve ter?”, mas sim, à pergunta “por que as pessoas
devem usar máscaras?”.
GABARITO: A
word keeping the same meaning
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“As a result, many people are understandably confused…”
a) Much
b) Really
c) A lot
d) A lot of
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O intensificador “much” só pode ser utilizado com
substantivos incontáveis, que não é o caso de “people” (pessoas). Neste caso, a frase pede
um intensificador de substantivos contáveis.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “really” é um advérbio de intensidade, e não um
intensificador, assim como “many”, ou seja, não se encaixa na frase.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O intensificador “a lot” não pode ser utilizado antes de um
substantivo contável, que é o caso de “people”; para isso, seria necessário a preposição “of”.
Ele é utilizado antecipando um comparativo, por exemplo “a lot better”.
A alternativa D está correta. O intensificador “a lot of” pode ser utilizado para classificar
substantivos contáveis, que é o caso de “people”, ou seja, é o que melhor se encaixa na
frase.
GABARITO: D
TEXT I
My daughter wants to quit college, but still have us pay her rent
The dilemma After a gap year, my daughter is in her first year at university. She really
doesn’t find her course interesting and wants to quit. However, she wants to carry on living
with her friends and has committed to renting a house with them. She thinks we should
continue to pay her rent, which we would do if she was attending the course. It’s a financial
struggle for us, and my husband is totally against it.
I understand her reasoning – if we would fund her to do a degree she is not interested in and
have a miserable year, why wouldn’t we pay her to live with her friends and do her own
thing? We said she needs to work and figure out a way to pay her own way, but we’re
wondering realistically what jobs will be available by September.
I suggested going back, thinking hard about the modules she takes and seeing how it goes.
But she says it’s trapping her and she will end up with a dead-end degree. She does not want
to transfer to another course as none of them interest her (her field is quite specialised). A
fresh opinion on this would be welcome!
Mariella replies I’ll try my best. We both know you’re set on a collision course with your child
unless you capitulate. Continuing to subsidise your daughter to live with her friends despite
the absence of any tangible plan sounds like a recipe for disaster. It’s a scenario fraught with
bad messaging that’s likely to create damaging and unrealistic expectations. You don’t want
to send out a signal that, no matter how little she invests in her own future, you’ll be there
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to cushion her fall. A dead-end degree is at least a journey towards a destination rather than
an open-ended drift. I’m not pushing for the academic qualification, that’s her choice to
make, but it certainly isn’t your responsibility to support her if she’s giving up on full-time
education.
Being free to make your own choices is partly predicated on being able to support yourself.
Achieving that state of independence is why people embark on careers. Without the
compulsion to make her own money your daughter could begin to make life choices based
on whims and fads rather than realistic ambitions. Your bank balance doesn’t sound like it
can sustain that level of investment in the long term, and nor should it have to.
Having never enjoyed any form of financial cushion and being, I’ve come to realise,
fundamentally lazy, I can’t imagine what would have motivated me to work unless I had to.
The idea of loitering around pleasing myself has always appealed – so childhood penury was,
in some ways, a privilege.
I’m sure your daughter is a great girl and settling back and kicking up your heels during a
global financial meltdown when jobs are scarce and prospects bleak might be a tempting
solution. Who wouldn’t want to bolt the door and watch reruns of Friends with mates rather
than stepping, seemingly futilely, out into the world? But now is the very time when the
fightback has to begin and it’s your daughter’s generation who have the opportunity to
reshape this world into something more sustainable.
So, I’m not impressed with her assumption that the bank of Mum and Dad should continue
to pay out following a gap year and an abandoned college degree. It’s a bleak period for
anyone seeking employment and particularly the young, which makes it all the more illogical
for your daughter to abandon university when alternative possibilities are at a historic low.
There are those who seem to adopt as their default position in life the right to make poor
choices and then rely on others to subsidise them. It’s a bad habit to get into and not one
you want to encourage. Any action you take now to get your daughter to look at the world
more realistically may be painful in the short term, but it will pay dividends for her future. I
think you’re right to suggest she looks around for a course that she has more interest in, or
would enjoy more. The deal seems to me a simple one: we’ll subsidise you while you’re
spending your time in pursuit of education, but once you quit to pursue other options that
financial arrangement ends. I’m not suggesting there won’t be further occasions when she
might seek out your financial support, but to exist on a daily basis on someone else’s
earnings while not bothering to chase down a salary is the height of misplaced entitlement.
This is not an easy time to be making your way in the world so a crash course in positive
decision-making, a chastening blast of reality and discovering the value of expanding options
rather than shutting them down, could prove as worthy as her degree. We all want our
children to be happy and to cushion them when they fall, so perhaps the toughest phase of
parenting is actually when we set them free to make and then learn from their own
mistakes. If your girl has a plan to share, with a goal and an endpoint, I’d definitely give it a
hearing, but if it’s as noncommittal as the one she’s currently offering, my answer would be
a firm no. Then again my children think I’m horrible!
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jun/28/dar-mariella-my-daughter-wants-to-quit-college-but-still-
have-us-pay-her-rent)
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“I suggested going back, thinking hard about the modules she takes and seeing how it goes”
a) What did you suggest about the modules she takes?
b) How does she take modules and see how it goes?
c) How does it go when thinking hard?
d) What did she take and see how it goes?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A pergunta teria como resposta extamente o que diz o
enunciado. O que você sugeriu sobre os módulos que ela pega?
A alternativa B está incorreta. A pergunta correta deveria ser: o que você sugeriu? A
alternativa pergunta: como ela pega os módulos e vê o que acontece?
A alternativa C está incorreta. A pergunta correta deveria ser: o que você sugeriu? A
alternativa pergunta: O que acontece quando se pensa de forma séria?
A alternativa D está incorreta. A pergunta correta deveria ser: o que você sugeriu?. A
alternativa pergunta: O que ela pega e vê o que acontece?
GABARITO: A
TEXT I
The WHO has redefined burnout as a syndrome linked to chronic work stress. There’s a
difference between a busy workload and something more serious, writes Zaria Gorvett.
If you said you were suffering from ‘burnout’ in the early 1970s, you might have raised some
eyebrows.
At the time, the term was used informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users
experienced: the general dimming of the mental faculties, for example, as was the case with
many a party animal. However, when German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger
first recognised the problem of burnout in New York City in 1974, at a clinic for addicts and
homeless people, Freudenberger wasn’t thinking of drug users.
The clinic’s volunteers were actually struggling, too: their work was intense, and many were
beginning to feel demotivated and emotionally drained. Though they had once found their
jobs rewarding, they had become cynical and depressed; they weren’t giving their patients
the attention they deserved. Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition as a state
of exhaustion caused by prolonged overwork – and borrowed the term ‘burnout’ to describe
it.
Its popularity was explosive, and today burnout is a global phenomenon. Although statistics
on the prevalence of burnout specifically are hard to come by, 595,000 people in the UK
alone suffered from workplace stress in 2018.
Sportspeople get it. YouTube stars get it. Entrepreneurs get it. Freudenberger himself
eventually got it. Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the
trendy problem will be recognised in the latest International Classification of Diseases
manual, where it is described as a syndrome “resulting from chronic workplace stress that
has not been successfully managed”.
According to the WHO, burnout has three elements: feelings of exhaustion, mental
detachment from one’s job and poorer performance at work. But waiting until you’re
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already fully burned out to do something about it doesn’t help at all –and you wouldn’t wait
to treat any other illness until it was too late.
Feeling the burn

So how can you tell if you’re almost – but not quite – burned out?
“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says
Siobhán Murray, a psychotherapist based in County Dublin, Ireland, and the author of a book
about burnout, The Burnout Solution. Murray suggests looking out for creeping bad habits,
such as increased alcohol consumpution and relying on sugar to get you through the day.
Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away. “So that even if you do sleep
well, by 10 in the morning you’re already counting down the hours to bed. Or not having the
energy to exercise or go for a walk.”
As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor.
“Depression and pre-burnout are very similar, but as much as there was a lot of enthusiasm
recently that burnout has now become a medical condition, it is still not – it is still classified
as an occupational phenomenon.” It’s important to get help from a medical professional who
can distinguish between the two, because although there are many treatment options for
depression, burnout is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes.
And how do you know if you’re really on the cusp of burnout, or just going through a
challenging month? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,”
says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety, that we’re not
letting go, that it starts to turn into burnout.”
Take that big project you’ve been working on. It’s normal to feel a kick of adrenaline when
you think about it, and maybe it’s kept you up at night. But, Murray suggests, if you still feel
restless once it’s over, it’s time to consider if you’re at risk of burnout. “It’s when you’re
bringing that with you into the next stage of your day, and adding to it continually,” she says.
Another classic sign of inching closer to burnout is cynicism: feeling like your work has little
value, avoiding social commitments and becoming more susceptible to disappointment.
“Someone on the brink will probably begin to feel emotionally numbed or mentally distant,”
says Jacky Francis Walker, a psychotherapist based in London who specialises in burnout.
“Like they don’t have the capacity to engage as much in the ordinary things of life.”
She also recommends looking for the final tell-tale sign of burnout, which is the unshakeable
feeling that the quality of your work is beginning to slip. “People say ‘but this isn’t me!’, ‘I’m
not like this’, ‘I can usually do x,y and z’. But obviously if they are in a state of physical
depletion, then they aren’t in their normal range of capabilities,” says Walker.
If this seems less than scientific, look to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a test
designed to measure burnout. The most widely used is the MBI-General Survey, which
measures things like exhaustion, cynicism, and some how well you think you’re doing at
work.
First published in 1981, it has been cited hundreds of times in studies since. Although it’s
typically used to measure burnout once it's in full swing, there’s no reason you can't apply it
to see if you’re getting close.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190610-how-to-tell-if-youve-got-pre-burnout)
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“Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition as a state of exhaustion caused by
prolonged overwork”
a) How did Freudenberger define this alarming new condition?
b) How has Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition?
c) How had Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition?
d) How did Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O trecho do enunciado está conjugado no past simple, portanto,
a pergunta precisa ser feita nesse mesmo tempo verbal.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso do present perfect é o erro da alternativa, pois a
afirmativa do enunciado está no past simple e, por isso, deveria ser usado “did” ao invés de
“has defined”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O uso do past perfect é o erro da alternativa, pois a afirmativa
do enunciado está no past simple e, por isso, deveria ser usado “did” ao invés de “had
defined”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de o verbo “defined” estar
conjugado no passado, pois a presença do auxiliar “did” elimina a necessidade de conjugar o
verbo para configurar o tempo verbal.
GABARITO: A
62. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the sentence.

“they weren’t giving their patients the attention they deserved.” (paragraph 3)
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT
a) they weren’t giving as much attention to their patients as they deserved.
b) they were giving their patients less attention than they deserved.
c) they weren’t given the deserved attention by their patients.
d) patients deserved to be given more attention by them.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase
do enunciado. A frase diz que eles não estavam dando tanta atenção quanto seus pacientes
mereciam.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase
do enunciado. A frase diz que eles estavam dando, aos pacientes, menos atenção do que
eles mereciam.
A alternativa C está correta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de dizer que eles receberam
menos atenção do que deveriam por parte dos pacientes, como se os pacientes precisassem
lhes dar atenção, e não o contrário.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase
do enunciado. A frase está na voz passiva e diz que os pacientes mereciam ter recebido mais
atenção por parte deles.
GABARITO: C
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TEXT I
Over 100,000 Flamingos Reportedly Descend on Mumbai Amid India's Strict Coronavirus
Lockdown
As people around the world stay inside to fight the spread of coronavirus, wild animals have
begun to enjoy the newfound space. That appears to be what’s happened in the
metropolitan region of Mumbai, India, where a record-breaking number of flamingos have
migrated, painting the wetlands pink, according to local reports.
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) estimates that around 25% more flamingos have
migrated to the region compared to last year, likely caused by the decrease in human
activity, the Hindustan Times reports. The Science Times calculates around 150,000
flamingos have come to the area.
India has been under a strict lockdown since March 25, which has required over a billion
people to stay home and shutter all but essential services, in an attempt to stop the spread
of COVID-19, the disease caused by novel coronavirus. On May 1, the Indian government
extended the lockdown through May 18.
Flamingos typically migrate to wetlands of the metropolitan region of Mumbai from
November to May, Rhul Khot, the assistant director of the BNHS, told the Times. But this
year’s lockdown “is giving these birds peace for roosting, no disturbance in their attempt to
obtain food and overall encouraging habitat,” Deepak Apte, the director of the BNHS,
explained, per Times. He added that the increase is also likely tied to a successful breeding
season two years ago, as well as the destruction of wetlands on India’s eastern seafront that
could be pushing the birds to the Mumbai region, per the Times.
Khot also told the Times that an increase in “domestic sewage” from people staying at home
during the lockdown “is helping the undisturbed formation of planktons, algae and
microbenthos formation, which forms the food for flamingos and other wetland birds.”
As the coronavirus pandemic has continued, animals have been spotted throughout the
world in places that are usually dominated by humans. CNN reports that dolphins have swam
in India’s Ganges river for the first time in years, and hundreds of monkeys have
“descended” on Delhi as the city remains under lockdown. Cougars were reportedly spotted
prowling the streets in Santiago, Chile, in April; wild Kashmiri goats meandered through on
the town of Llandudno, Wales, in March.
“Residents are cooped up at home spending their mornings and evenings at their balconies
taking photographs and videos of these relaxed birds,” Sunil Agarwal, a resident of Seawoods
in Navi Mumbai, told the Times about the flamingos. “The lockdown will at least prompt
people to focus on what is around them, which they had been taking for granted, and
hopefully this site will be declared a flamingo sanctuary soon.”
(Adapted from https://time.com/5831198/flamingos-coronavirus/)
“around 25% more flamingos have migrated to the region.”
a) How many more flamingos have migrated to the region?
b) How much more flamingos have migrated to the region?
c) How many flamingos have migrated to the region?
163
d) How much flamingos have migrated to the region?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O trecho do enunciado está conjugado no present perfect,
portanto, a pergunta precisa ser feita nesse mesmo tempo verbal. A estrutura está correta
com o uso do “How many”, já que “flamingos” é um substantivo contável, e o verbo
“migrate” corretamente conjugado no present perfect como “have migrated”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso do “How much” é o erro da alternativa, pois “flamingos”
é um substantivo contável e, por isso, deveria ser usado “How many” ao invés de” How
Much”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de que essa pegunta nã teria
a frase do enunciado como resposta, já que a pergunta não quer saber a quantidade
adicional de flamingos que migraram para a região, mas sim a quantidade total de flamingos
que migraram para a região.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Mais uma vez, o erro consiste no fato de a alternativa
apresentar o “how much” ao invés do “how many”, pois trata-se de um substantivo contável
(flamingos), além de não estabelecer que a pergunta exige o número adicional de flamingos
como resposta, mas sim sim o número total.
GABARITO: A
Read text I in order to answer item 64.
Helping at a hospital
Every year many young people finish school and then take a year off before they start work
or go to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give
their time to help people. For example, they work in schools or hospitals, or they help with
conservation.
Mike Coleman is 19 and ________ in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to
become a teacher but now he ________ in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima
Mulilo. He says, "I'm working with the doctors and nurses here to help sick people. I'm not a
doctor but can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry people who can't walk.
Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so
money."
"I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small house with five other volunteers.
The work is hard and the days are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about
life in Southern Africa and about myself! When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel
in and around Namibia for three weeks. For example, I want to see the animals in the
Okavango Delta in Botswana."
http:// vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org
64. (CN – 2017) Mark the right option to fill in the following sentence.
Why is Mike Coleman in Namibia, South Africa?
164
Because _________________
(A) he doesn't want to go to college.

(B) he wants to become a teacher.
(C) money is never important.
(D) it's a cheap way to travel.
(E) he believes that volunteering is nice.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A resposta certa para a pergunta “Por que Mike Coleman está
na Namíbia, África do Sul?” não é “Porque ele não quer fazer faculdade”, mas sim, “Porque
ele acredita que o voluntariado é legal”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There
aren't many doctors here so they need help from people like me. don't get any money, but
that's OK! I'm not here for the money”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A resposta certa para a pergunta “Por que Mike Coleman está
na Namíbia, África do Sul?” não é “Porque ele quer ser professor”, mas sim, “Porque ele
acredita que o voluntariado é legal”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There aren't
many doctors here so they need help from people like me. don't get any money, but that's
OK! I'm not here for the money”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A resposta certa para a pergunta “Por que Mike Coleman está
na Namíbia, África do Sul?” não é “Porque o dinheiro nunca é importante”, mas sim, “Porque
A alternativa D está incorreta. A resposta certa para a pergunta “Por que Mike Coleman está
na Namíbia, África do Sul?” não é “Porque é uma forma barata de viajar”, mas sim, “Porque
A alternativa E está correta. A resposta certa para a pergunta “Por que Mike Coleman está na
Namíbia, África do Sul?” é “Porque ele acredita que o voluntariado é legal”, assim como esta
opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There aren't many doctors here so
money”.
GABARITO: E
65. (CN – 2017) Read the information in the box below.
FOOD FACTS
- There's .81 ounces of sugar in an orange.
- There are twelve eggs in a cartoon.
- There are about 126 calories in a banana.
Now read the questions.
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I- How many sugar is there in an orange?
II- How much sugar is there in an orange?
I- How many eggs are there in a carton?

II- How much eggs are there in a carton?
I- How many calories are there in a banana?

II- How much calorie is there in a banana?
Choose the right questions for the information in respectively:
(A) II - I - II
(B) II - I - I
(C) I - II - I
(D) I - I - II
(E) II - II - I
Comentários:
Com relação à primeira afirmativa (Há 0,81 onças de açúcar em uma laranja), a pergunta
correta é “How much sugar is there in an orange?” (Quanto açúcar tem uma laranja?) – II.
Com relação à segunda afirmativa (Existem doze ovos em uma caixa), a pergunta correta é
“How many eggs are there in a carton?” (Quantos ovos tem uma caixa?) – I.
Com relação à terceira afirmativa (Existem cerca de 126 calorias em uma banana), a
pergunta correta é “How many calories are there in a banana?” (Quantas calorias tem uma
banana?) – I.
GABARITO: B
66. (CN – 2017) Match the questions to the answers.
(1) Are you on vacation?

(2) Where's she from?
(3) Are you and Ana married?
(4) Is Julie Italian?
( ) Yes, we are.
( ) She's from Italy.
( ) No, she isn't.
( ) No, I'm not.
Choose the option with the correct order
(A) 3 - 2 - 4 - 1
(B) 1 - 2 - 4 - 3
(C) 3 - 4 - 2 - 1
(D) 1 - 4 - 2 - 3
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(E) 1 - 4 - 3 - 2
Comentários:
A pergunta “Você está de férias?” é melhor respondida com “Não, eu não estou” (No, I’m
not).
A pergunta “De onde ela é?” é melhor respondida com “Ela é da Itália” (She’s from Italy).
A pergunta “Você e Ana são casados?” é melhor respondida com “Sim, nós somos” (Yes, we
are).
A pergunta “Julie é italiana?” é melhor respondida com “Não, ela não é” (No, she isn’t).
GABARITO: A
Read text II to do questions 67 and 68 based on it.
TEXT II
TRAVEL TIPS
How to Plan a Movie-Themed Vacation

It’s easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy the places where your favorite movies
were made.
Lars Leetaru
By Shivani Vora
March 8, 2018
Whether it’s the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy in New Zealand or "Roman Holiday” in Rome,
many noteworthy movies are filmed in appealing locales all over the world that travelers
may want to visit and enjoy.
According to Angela Tillson, a film location manager in Kauai who has worked on the set of
films including "Jurassic Park: The Lost World” and “The Descendants," exploring a beloved
movie set destination through the eyes of the film makes for an enjoyable vacation. "Seeing
a place with a focus on a movie you love will give you a perspective that the average tourist
doesn’t usually get. You’ll certainly have a better impression of the place,” she said. Here are
her tips to get started.
Choose Your Destination
If there’s a movie you love, you can find out where it was filmed by looking at the credits at
the end of the film or by going online to The Internet Movie Database, also known as IMDB,
which often lists filming locations. Once you know the locale, you can start planning your
trip. Or, consider doing what Ms. Tillson often does when deciding on where to vacation:
pick a spot you’re interested in visiting, and find out what movies have been filmed there.
“It’s fun to sometimes let a destination determine the movie you're going to live rather than
the other way around,” Ms. Tillson said.
Get in the Mood
Before you head to your destination, be sure to rewatch the movie. A rewatch not only
reminds you of identifiable spots to look out for during your trip, but it also adds to the
excitement of your upcoming exploration.
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If the movie is based on a book, consider reading the book, too. It may have details about
the locale that the movie doesn’t touch on. Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it
into the movie adaptations, which gives you a deeper view of the destination. Ms. Tillson
also recommended downloading the movie’s soundtrack or score, and listening to it
throughout your trip.
Book a Themed Trip
Some travel companies sell set itineraries focused on popular movies. Luxury tour operator
Zicasso, for example, has an eight-day trip, all inclusive, to Ireland inspired by "Star Wars:
The Last Jedi” and Wild Frontiers has an eleven-day trip to India inspired by "The Best Exotic
Marigold Hotel." Ms. Tillson suggested doing a web search or checking with a travel agent to
find out about such trips.
Also, in some destinations, local tour operators and hotels sell movie-themed tours. For
instance, The St. Regis Priceville Resort offers a tour that includes a private helicopter ride to
Manawaiopuna Falls, made famous in "Jurassic Park,” and an ATV tour of filming locations of
movies such as “Raiders of the Lost Ark" and “Pirates of the Caribbean.” Lunch is even
included. The cost is $5,674 for two adults.
A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour “Roman Holiday" themed excursion
from HR Tours, where travelers ride a Vespa with a driver and see all the sites from the
movie; the cost is 170 euros per person.
Hang Where the Movie Crew Did
When they’re not working, movie crews enjoy hitting local bars and casual restaurants that
serve tasty local cuisine, Ms. Tillson said.
Find out where the behind-the-scenes staff of your film spent their time by asking your
destination’s tourist board or your hotel’s concierge, and check out a few of the spots. “It’s
another way to get involved in the film and spend time in bars and restaurants that you
wouldn’t normally think to hit,” she said.
67. (CN – 2018) Mark the sentence that does NOT contain the use of comparative adjective.
(A) It's easier than you may expect to find, visit, and enjoy the places where your favorite
movies were made.
(B) You’ll certainly have a better impression of the place.
(C) It’s fun to sometimes let a destination determine the movie you’re going to live rather
than the other way around.
(D) Also, books often have scenes that don’t make it into the movie adaptations, which gives
you a deeper view of the destination.
(E) A more affordable option, in Rome, is the four-hour Roman Holiday themed excursion
from HR Tours.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Easier” é um adjetivo de comparação que significa “mais
fácil”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Better” é um adjetivo de comparação que quer dizer
“melhor”.
168
A alternativa C está correta. “Rather” é a palavra que o examinador quer que você pense que
é um adjetivo de comparação por conta de sua terminação em “ER”. Mas “rather” ´significa,
na verdade, “ao invés de”, sendo sinônimo de “instead”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Deeper” é um adjetivo de comparação que significa “mais
profundo(a)”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “More affordable” é um adjetivo de comparação que significa
“mais acessível (financeiramente)”. Esta alternativa poderia gerar dúvida por ser a única que
não possue a terminação em “ER”. É importante ficar atento a isso na hora de resolver sua
prova.
GABARITO: C
68. (CN – 2018) Mark the correct question for the following answer.
Angela Tillson is a film location manager in Kauai who has worked on the set of films
including “Jurassic Park: The Lost World” and “The Descendants”.
(A) Who is Ms. Tilson?

(B) Where is Ms. Tilson?
(C) What is Ms. Tilson like?
(D) Why is Ms. Tilson working?
(E) When does Ms. Tilson work?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O trecho descreve Angela Tillson e, a letra A pergunta
exatamente quem é Ms. Tillson. Portanto, essa é a melhor pergunta para a resposta
oferecida no enunciado.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Where” é usado para perguntar onde alguma coisa ou
alguém está. A resposta oferecida no enunciado não se encaixa como resposta dessa
pergunta.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Esta pergunta é feita quando se quer saber como alguém é. O
trecho não diz como Angela é, mas sim quem ela é.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho diz quem é Angela Tillson, e a alternativa pergunta
porque ela trabalha. Não há nenhuma relação entre a pergunta e a resposta.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A alternativa pergunta quando a Ms. Tillson trabalha, mas o
enunciado diz quem é Angela Tillson. Não há, portanto, relação entre o que é perguntado e o
que é respondido.
GABARITO: A
69. (CN – 2018) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct.
(A) How many girls are there at your party last week?
(B) Is there anybody in room 201 at the moment?
(C) Sarah said there is twelve people waiting.
(D) There isn’t an accident in our street last night.
(E) There is exercise bars so you can work out.
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase pergunta quantas garotas havia na sua festa semana
passada. Por isso, “are” está incorretamente empregado nesse contexto. A conjugação
correta seria “were”.
A alternativa B está correta. A frase está escrita de acordo com a norma padrão da língua
inglesa.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Sarah disse que há 12 pessoas esperando. Por se tratar de
plural (twelve people), seria correto escrever “there was” ao invés de “there is”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não houve um acidente na nossa rua noite passada. Dever-se-
ia escrever “there wasn’t” ao invé de “there isn’t”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Há bares de exercício para que você possa malhar.
Por se tratar de plural, deveríamos usar “there are” ao invés de “there is”.
GABARITO: B
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss
The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that
went beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by
standardized tests.
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added
an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became
highly popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who
did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow
became synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner
explains why the former is not the latter.
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been
gratified by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums,
and business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to
distraction and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to
credit me with the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with
‘learning styles’. It’s high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight.
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the
study of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each
of us has a number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our
‘multiple intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence
assumes that we have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we
perform in every sector of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that
human beings have 7 to 10 distinct intelligences.
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Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied
about in educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children
(indeed all of us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find
out about learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they
value, and above all, are effective.
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know
this? What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we
compensate by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or
tactile? Same issues apply.
Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the
drawing boards’.
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain:
Intelligence: We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong
intelligence, an area where the person has considerable computational power. Style or
learning style: A hypothesis of how an individual approaches the range of materials. If an
individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is hypothesized to be reflective about the full range
of materials. We cannot assume that reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals
reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others.
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This
notion is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they
make use of entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental
computer, the intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up.
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a
‘visual learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be
unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst.
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and
that strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in
any other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common
sense ways of assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take
a more formal test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide
how best to make use of this information.
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet)
Glossary:
171
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for
teaching with objects.
70. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “there was a single kind that could be measured by
standardized tests”, it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly
in
a) when.
b) which
c) how.
d) whom.
Comentários:
O pronome em questão é that.
A alternativa A está incorreta pois when é usado para designar lugar.
A alternativa B está correta porque a palavra which é um pronome que substitui
perfeitamente o pronome that nessa situação. Pode ser traduzido como “o/a qual”.
A alternativa C está incorreta pois how é usado para designar “como” ou “de que forma”.
A alternativa D está incorreta pois whom é usado como objeto na frase, e não como
pronome relativo.
OBS.: no trecho, encontramos os verbos no tempo passado simples (simple past). There was,
could e measured. É interessante perceber que there was é o passado de there is, could é
passado de can e measured é passado de measure. Dessa forma, vamos trabalhando o
assunto da aula e nos familiarizando com os diferentes tempos verbais.
GABARITO: B
71. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “it’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple
intelligences’”, the contraction refers to
a) It has.
b) It been.
c) It is.
d) It was.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. Trata-se de um verbo conjugado no tempo “present perfect”.
Ele deve, portanto, ser conjugado com o verbo auxiliar “have”, seguido do verbo principal
conjugado no “past partiple”. Portanto, “it’s been” equivale a “it has been”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não se utiliza sujeito + verbo no “past participle”. Tem de
haver o verbo auxiliar “have” para que a estrutura esteja correta.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O uso do verbo “to be” no particípio “been” é o grande
indicador de que temos uma estrutura no “present perfect” e, portanto, faz-se necessário o
uso do auxiliar “have”.
172
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Was” é um verbo conjugado no “simple past” enquanto o
trecho está conjugado no “present perfect”. Não é possível usar “was” acompanhado de
verbo no particípio.
GABARITO: A
72. (AFA – 2017) Mark the option which shows the appropriate question tag for the sentence
“one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction”.
a) Hasn’t driven it?

b) Not has it?
c) Has it?
d) Hasn’t it?
Comentários:
É importante entender que as “question tags” tem uma estrutura específica. Elas servem
para o interlocutor pedir uma confirmação da ideia apresentada. Essa confirmação precisa
ser dada utilizando a mesma estrutura apresentada na afirmação.
Ex.: you are a doctor, aren’t you? (você é um médico, não é?)
A alternativa A está incorreta. O verbo principal “driven” não deveria estar dentro da
estrutura da “question tag”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “not” não pode aparecer antes de “has” na estrutura
de uma pergunta. Isso torna a estrutura incorreta.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A “question tag” deve aparecer sempre negando a afirmação.
Se a frase é afirmativa, a “question tag” deve vir na negativa. Já quando a frase é negativa, a
“question tag” deve vir na afirmativa.
A alternativa D está correta. “Hasn’t it” é a “question tag” correta para acompanhar a frase
do enunciado. Podemos substituir o sujeito da oração “one unanticipated consequence” por
“it” e, então, teríamos a frase: It has driven me to distraction. A “question tag” apropriada
para esta frase seria: It has driven me to distraction, hasn’t it?.
GABARITO: D
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 73:
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to say in Australia
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics – both obtained in
English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet
on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, she has excellent
grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak
English well enough to stay Australia.
But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test – score
by a machine – essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she
can fluently speak her own language.
Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek permanent residency in Australia. She
knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when she
173
got the results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and
reading, (…). She got 74 when the government requires 79. “There´s obviously a flaw in the
computer software, when a person with perfect, oral fluency cannot get enough points”, she
said.
The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-
based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates’ responses. “We do not offer a
pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for
people seeking permanent residency”, they say.
Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging
visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian
husband.
73. (EsPCEx - 2021) According the context, the missing part of paragraph 3 is…
While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (…).
(A) She got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
(B) She couldn´t get the results on the computer software.
(C) She didn´t have enough time to take the listening test.
(D) She failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
(E) She was not able to write a composition.
Comentários:
A parte que está faltando do parágrafo fala que ela não passou no teste de fluência oral, pois
o trecho seguinte diz qual foi a nota dela e estabelece que há, certamente, uma falha no
software do computador, já que ela é uma falante nativa da língua inglesa e fala com
perfeita fluência. Portanto, isso nos leva ao gabarito de letra D.
Gabarito: D
Biden's VP pick: Why Kamala Harris embraces her biracial roots

US Senator Kamala Harris - a potential Democratic vice-presidential candidate - is known as a
prominent African-American politician. But she has also embraced her Indian roots.
"My name is pronounced "Comma-la", like the punctuation mark," Kamala Harris writes in
her 2018 autobiography, The Truths We Hold.
The California senator, daughter of an Indian-born mother and Jamaican-born father, then
explains the meaning of her Indian name.
"It means 'lotus flower', which is a symbol of significance in Indian culture. A lotus grows
underwater, its flowers rising above the surface while the roots are planted firmly in the
river bottom."
Early in life, young Kamala and her sister Maya grew up in a house filled with music by black
American artists. Her mother would sing along to Aretha Franklin's early gospel, and her jazz-
loving father, who taught economics at Stanford University, would play Thelonius Monk and
John Coltrane on the turntable.
Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris separated when Ms Harris was five. Raised primarily by
her Hindu single mother, a cancer researcher and a civil rights activist, Kamala, Maya and
Shyamala were known as 'Shyamala and the girls'.
174
Her mother made sure her two daughters were aware of their African-American background.
"My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters. She knew that her
adopted homeland would see Maya and me as black girls, and she was determined to make
sure we would grow into confident black women," she wrote.
"Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life,"
wrote the Washington Post last year.
When she ran for a senate seat in 2015, the Economist magazine described her as the
"daughter of an Indian cancer researcher and a Jamaican economics professor, she is the
first woman, first African-American and first Asian attorney general of California".
The 55-year-old senator says she has not grappled with her identity and describes herself
simply as "an American".
Ms Harris writes her mother kept working right up to the moment of delivery of both her
daughters - "in the first case her water broke when she was at the lab; and the other while
she was making apple strudel". Back in India, Gopalan had been raised in a household of
"political activism and civic leadership".
Her grandmother never attended high school, but was a community organiser taking in
victims of domestic violence and educating women about contraception. Her grandfather,
PV Gopalan, was a senior diplomat in the Indian government who lived in Zambia after it
gained independence, and he helped settle refugees.
In her book, she doesn't say too much about her trips to India. But she writes she is close to
her mother's brother and two sisters, with whom she kept in touch through long distance
calls and letters and periodic trips. Ms Harris's mother died in 2009, at age 70.
US Democratic Party activists like Shekar Narasimhan says her candidacy would be "seismic"
for the Indian-American community. "She's a woman, she biracial, she will help win the
election for Biden, she appeals to various communities and she's really smart."
"Why should Indian-Americans not be proud of her? It's a signal that we are coming of age."
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-53745141)
“My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters.”
a) My mother understood very well she was raising two non-black daughters.
b) My mother didn’t understand very well she was raising two black daughters.
c) My mother hasn’t understood very well she was raising two black daughters.
d) My mother didn’t understand very well she wasn’t raising two black daughters.
e) My mother didn’t understand very well she was raising two white daughters.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A negação da afirmativa não deveria estar no fato de as filhas
serem negras, mas sim no fato de ela entender que estava criando duas filhas negras.
A alternativa B está correta. Essa alternativa seria a mais apropriada, pois nega o fato de a
mãe ter boa compreensão de que criava duas filhas negras.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa erra ao usar o present perfect quando a frase
original está no simple past.
175
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase nega duas vezes o que descaracteriza a negação da
frase original.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Essa alternativa comete um erro ao substituir “black” por
“white” numa tentativa de negar a frase, o que está completamente incorreto.
GABARITO: B
Read text I to do item 75.
Some of America's biggest tech firms on Monday backed a challenge to President Donald
Trump's restrictions on foreign workers.
Amazon, Apple and Facebook are among the companies arguing that the temporary visa
bans will damage US firms.
Mr Trump imposed restrictions on some foreign workers to safeguard jobs for Americans
during the virus pandemic.
Many of those affected by the measures are technology workers from India.
Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter and other big technology companies also backed the lawsuit,
which was filed last month by major US business associations.
Those industry groups included the National Association of Manufacturers, which represents
14,000 firms, and America's biggest business association, the US Chamber of Commerce.
The brief argued that the visa restrictions, which were announced in June, will hurt US
businesses.
The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption” that it
would protect American jobs as it would mean they may now have to employ people in
other countries.
The brief said: “Global competitors in Canada, China, and India, among others, are pouncing
at the opportunity to attract well-trained, innovative individuals.
“And American businesses are scrambling to adjust, hiring needed talent to work in locations
outside our nation’s borders,” it continued.
They also contended that it could do irreparable damage to American businesses, workers
and further hurt the already struggling US economy.
Mr Trump's proclamation suspended the entry of a range of foreign workers until the end of
this year.
Adapted from <https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53732395>

Read the extract from the text.
“The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption”...”
a) Who said the proclamation was based on a “false assumption”?
b) What did companies say about Mr. Trump’s proclamation?
c) What was Mr. Trump’s proclamation based on?
d) Who proclamation was based on a “false assumption”?
e) Whose proclamation was based on a “false assumption”?
Comentários:
176
A alternativa A está incorreta. O enunciado pede a pergunta que teria como resposta
“Mr.Trump”, mas a pergunta dessa alternativa teria como resposta “the companies”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O enunciado pede a pergunta que teria como resposta
“Mr.Trump”, mas a pergunta dessa alternativa teria como resposta “was based on a false
assumption”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O enunciado pede a pergunta que teria como resposta
“Mr.Trump”, mas a pergunta dessa alternativa teria como resposta “a false assumption”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro dessa alternativa é construir a pergunta com a question
word “who” (quem), quando, na verdade, ela deveria ser construída com “whose” (de
quem).
A alternativa E está correta. A pergunta da alternativa teria como resposta exatamente o
trecho sublinhado no enunciado “Mr. Trump”.
GABARITO: E

Match the questions and answers.
I. How is it going?
II. How do you like your job?
III. How do I go about getting to the meat shop?
IV. How do you like your coffee?
( ) I love it!
( ) just great!
( ) I like really sweet.
( ) You’re just in front of it.
a) (II) (I) (III) (IV)
b) (I) (II) (III) (IV)
c) (II) (I) (IV) (III)
d) (I) (II) (IV) (III)
e) (II) (IV) (I) (III)
Comentários:
“I love it!” deve ser associada à pergunta “How do you like your job?”. Ao se perguntar o que
você acha do seu trabalho, a única resposta dentre as opções que se encaixa de forma
adequada é “eu adoro meu trabalho”.
“Just Great!” deve ser associada à pergunta “How is it going?”. Ao se perguntar como vão as
coisas, a única resposta dentre as opções que se encaixa de forma adequada é “tudo ótimo”.
“I like really sweet” deve ser associada à pergunta “How do you like your coffee?”. Ao se
perguntar como você gosta do seu café, a única resposta dentre as opções que se encaixa de
forma adequada é “eu gosto dele realmente doce”.
“You’re just in front of it” deve ser associada à pergunta “How do I go about getting to the
meat shop?”. Ao se perguntar como chegar ao açougue, a única resposta dentre as opções
que se encaixa de forma adequada é “você está exatamente em frente a ele”.
Temos, portanto, a sequência II / I / IV / III
GABARITO: C
177
Directions: Answer question 77 according to the text.
TEXT
SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype Soars on Epic Test Launch, with Explosive Landing
Despite its “rapid unplanned disassembly,” the company’s highest-yet flight of its next-generation
rocket was a success
The latest Starship prototype, a shiny silver vehicle known as SN8, launched on an epic
high-altitude test flight today (Dec. 9), taking off at 5:45 p.m. EST (2245 GMT) from SpaceX’s
facility near the South Texas village of Boca Chica. The goal was to soar about 7.8 miles (12.5
kilometers) into the sky, perform some complex aerial maneuvers—including a “belly flop”
like the one the final Starship will perform when coming back to Earth on operational
flights—and then land safely near the launch stand.
The 165-foot-tall (50 meters) SN8 appeared to notch all of these big milestones, except
for the final one: The vehicle hit its landing mark but came in too fast, exploding in a
dramatic fireball 6 minutes and 42 seconds after liftoff. SN8’s rapid unplanned disassembly
did nothing to dampen the spirits of SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk, who was thrilled by
the results of today’s flight.
“Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to
be high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! Congrats SpaceX team hell yeah!!” Musk
tweeted this evening. “Mars, here we come!” he added in another tweet. Musk was not
expecting complete, wire-to-wire success today; he had previously given SN8 (short for
“Serial No. 8”) just a 1-in-3 chance of landing in one piece.
That’s because today’s flight was far more complex and demanding than any other
Starship prototype test. The previous altitude record was about 500 feet (150 m), achieved
by three different Starship vehicles—the stubby Starhopper, SN5 and SN6.
All three of those predecessors were pretty bare-bones; they looked like flying silos and
featured just one of SpaceX’s next-generation Raptor engines. SN8 was much more capable
and complex. It was powered by three Raptors and had a nose cone and stabilizing body
flaps. These new pieces did their jobs well today, Musk said in another tweet: “Successful
ascent, switchover to header tanks & precise flap control to landing point!”
SpaceX is developing Starship to carry people and cargo to the moon, Mars and other
distant destinations. The system consists of two elements: a stainless-steel spacecraft called
Starship, which will sport six Raptors, and a giant rocket known as Super Heavy, which will
have about 30 of the engines.
Both of these vehicles will be fully and rapidly reusable, Musk has said. Starship will be
capable of making many trips from Earth to Mars and back, and each Super Heavy will rack
up many launches during its life. (Starship will be powerful enough to launch itself off the
moon and Mars, but it will need Super Heavy to get off our much more massive Earth.)
SpaceX wants Starship and Super Heavy to be operational soon. NASA’s Artemis program
is considering using Starship to land astronauts on the lunar surface, for example, and the
first of those touchdowns is targeted for 2024. And Musk recently said he’s confident that
178
SpaceX will launch its first crewed Mars mission by 2026, with the milestone possible in 2024
“if we’re lucky.”
SpaceX aims to meet this ambitious timeline by iterating fast and flying often. The
company is building multiple Starship prototypes at its South Texas site, and we should
expect those coming vehicles to get off the ground fairly soon—especially SN9, which is
apparently nearly done.
SN9 and SN10 will be quite similar to the three-engine SN8, featuring “many small
improvements” over the vehicle that flew today, Musk said via Twitter on Nov. 24. “Major
upgrades are slated for SN15," he said in another tweet that day.
Today’s launch was originally scheduled to take place yesterday (Dec. 8). But SN8
detected something abnormal with one or more of its Raptors and aborted the attempt
automatically less than two seconds before liftoff.
(Adapted from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexs-starship-sn8-prototype-soars-on-epic-test-launch-with-explosive-
landing/)

“many small improvements” (paragraph 10) is the same as
a) some small improvements.
b) few small improvements.
c) much small improvements.
d) lots of small improvements.
e) most small improvements.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “many small improvements” (muitas pequenas melhorias) não
é o mesmo que algumas (some) pequenas melhorias.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “many small improvements” (muitas pequenas melhorias) não
é o mesmo que poucas (few) melhorias.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Much também indica grande quantidade, tendo sentido de
muito, mas só é usado com substantivos incontáveis, o que não é o caso de improvements,
que é contável.
A alternativa D está correta. “many small improvements” (muitas pequenas melhorias) é
exatamente o mesmo que lots of small improvements (muitas, várias pequenas melhorias).
A alternativa E está incorreta. “many small improvements” (muitas pequenas melhorias) não
é o mesmo que a maioria (most) das pequenas melhorias.
GABARITO: D
When secret coronavirus contracts are awarded without competition, it's deadly serious
This stinks. It stinks worse than any of the other carrion this government has buried. Every
day for the past fortnight, I’ve been asking myself why this scandal isn’t all over the front
pages. Under cover of the pandemic, the government has awarded contracts worth billions
of pounds for equipment on which our lives depend, without competition or transparency. It
has trampled on its own rules, operated secretly and made incomprehensible and – in some
cases – highly questionable decisions.
179
Let’s begin with the latest case, unearthed by investigative journalists at the Guardian and
openDemocracy. It involves a contract to test the effectiveness of the government’s
coronavirus messaging, worth £840,000. It was issued by the Cabinet Office, which is run by
Michael Gove. The deal appears to have been struck on 3 March, but the only written record
in the public domain is a letter dated 5 June, retrospectively offering the contract that had
already been granted. There was no advertisement for the work, and no competition. No
official notice of the award has yet been published. The deal appears to have been done with
a handshake and a slap on the back.
But we do know who the contract went to. It’s a company called Public First, owned by a
married couple, James Frayne and Rachel Wolf. Since 2000, Frayne has worked on political
campaigns with Dominic Cummings, Boris Johnson’s chief adviser. When Gove was education
secretary, he brought both Cummings and Frayne into his department. Cummings was
Gove’s chief political adviser, while Frayne was his director of communications. At roughly
the same time, in 2010, Gove’s department awarded Wolf a £500,000 contract to promote
his “free schools” obsession. Guess what? That didn’t go to competitive tender, either. Wolf
co-wrote the Conservative party’s election manifesto in 2019.
In response to these latest revelations, the government claims it had to override the usual
rules for public procurement because it was responding to an emergency. There are several
problems with this claim. The first is that six weeks elapsed between the government’s first
recognition that coronavirus presented a potentially serious public health risk and striking
the deal with Public First. The second is that, of the four contracted services later listed on
the government’s website, two were not for testing the government’s coronavirus
messaging at all, but for “EU exit comms”: in other words, Brexit. The coronavirus work,
according to this list, did not begin until 27 May. The Cabinet Office now claims that when it
said “EU exit”, it meant coronavirus. This seems an odd mistake to make.
The third problem is that the government’s communications on the pandemic have been
disastrous. Did it choose to ignore Public First’s “emergency” work, or was it of little value?
On Friday, the Good Law Project (GLP) issued proceedings in the high court against Gove,
alleging breaches of procurement law and apparent bias in the granting of the contract to his
longstanding associates. It is crowdfunding the challenge.
But this, extraordinary as it is, is not the strangest of the cases the GLP is taking on. Another
involves a pest control company in West Sussex called PestFix, which, according to the GLP,
has listed net assets of only £18,000. On 13 April, again without public advertisement or
competition, the government awarded PestFix a £32m contract to supply surgical gowns.
PestFix is not a manufacturer, but an intermediary (its founder calls it a public health supply
business): its role was to order the gowns from China. But, perhaps because of its lack of
assets, the government had to give it a deposit worth 75% of the value of the contract. The
government’s own rules state that prepayments should be made only “in extremely limited
and exceptional circumstances”, and even then must be “capped at 25% of the value of the
contract”.
If the government had to provide the money upfront, why didn’t it order the gowns itself?
And why, of all possible outsourcers, did it choose PestFix? In the two weeks before it
awarded this contract, it was approached by 16,000 companies offering to supply personal
180
protective equipment (PPE). Some of them had a long track record in manufacturing or
supplying PPE, and had stocks that could be deployed immediately.
Again, the government relies on the emergency defence to justify its decision. But it issued
its initial guidance on preventing infection among health and care workers on 10 January. On
14 February, it published specific guidance on the use of PPE. So why did it wait until 13 April
to strike its “emergency” deal with PestFix? Moreover, it appears to have set the company
no deadline for the delivery of the gowns. Astonishingly, even today only half of them appear
to have reached the UK, and all those are still sitting in a warehouse in Daventry. On the
government’s own admission, “none of the isolation suits delivered so far has been supplied
into the NHS”. So much for taking urgent action in response to the emergency.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/coronavirus-contracts-government-
transparency-pandemic)
“The deal appears to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.”
a) The deal appears to haven’t been done with a handshake and a slap on the back..
b) The deal doesn’t appear to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
c) The deal didn’t appear to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
d) The deal hasn’t appeared to have been done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
e) The deal appears to have been not done with a handshake and a slap on the back.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A negação da afirmativa não deveria estar no present perfect,
mas sim no “appears”.
A alternativa B está correta. Essa alternativa seria a mais apropriada, pois além de manter o
tempo verbal, faz a negação de forma correta, no fato de que o acordo parece ter sido feito
com um aperto de mãos e um tapinha nas costas.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa erra ao usar o auxiliar “did” quando o verbo
“appears” está no presente.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não há razão para mudar o tempo verbal da frase para o
present perfect, já que a questão apenas pede a forma negativa da sentença, que está,
originalmente, no present simple (Appears).
A alternativa E está incorreta. Essa alternativa comete um erro ao dizer que o acordo parece
ter sido não feito, ao invés de dizer que o acordo não parece ter sido feito.
GABARITO: B
Why does Churchill divide opinion?
Winston Churchill, who lived between 30 November 1874 and 24 January 1965, is often
named among Britain's greatest-ever people but for some he remains an intensely
controversial figure.
Despite his leading the country through the darkest hours of World War Two and being
prime minister twice, critics point to his comments on race and some of his actions during
both world wars.
181
Churchill told the Palestine Royal Commission that he did not admit wrong had been done to
Native Americans or aboriginal Australians as "a stronger race, a higher-grade race, a more
worldly wise race to put it that way, has come in and taken their place".
His supporters argue that he was by no means the only person to hold these sorts of views
during the period.
He also advocated the use of chemical weapons, "I am strongly in favour of using poisoned
gas against uncivilised tribes," he wrote in a memo.
Another criticism is for his part in the Bengal famine in India in 1943, during which at least
three million people are believed to have died after Allied forces halted the movement of
food in the region - including through British-run India - following the Japanese occupation of
Burma.
The statue in London's Parliament Square was boxed up ahead of a Black Lives Matter
protest in Westminster on Friday evening.
A demonstration planned for Saturday was brought forward by a day because of fears there
could be violent clashes with far-right groups.
The Met Police have placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on Saturday,
including requiring demonstrations to end at 17:00 BST.
Thousands of people gathered in Central London on Saturday, including around the
Cenotaph war memorial in Whitehall and the nearby Churchill statue.
The protesters, who were largely white men of right-wing activists and groups of football
supporters, sang the national anthem and chanted "England", amid a tense atmosphere and
heavy police presence.
Among the demonstrators was Paul Golding, leader of far-right group Britain First, who said
they had turned out to "guard our monuments".
Other monuments have been removed ahead of separate protests planned over the
weekend, while the Cenotaph has also been covered.
Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said other "key statues", including one of Nelson Mandela,
would be protected, saying there was a risk statues could become a "flashpoint for violence".
It comes after the statue of slave trader Edward Colston was thrown into the harbour in
Bristol during a Black Lives Matter protest on Sunday. Demonstrations have been taking
place across the world following the death in police custody of African American George
Floyd in Minneapolis last month.
Adapted from Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53033550)
“The Met Police have placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on Saturday”
a) The Met Police have placed restrictions on several groups not intending to protest on
Saturday.
b) The Met Police haven’t placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
182
c) The Met Police didn’t have placed restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
d) The Met Police didn’t place restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
e) The Met Police haven’t placed no restrictions on several groups intending to protest on
Saturday.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A negação da afirmativa não deveria estar na intenção dos
grupos, mas sim na imposição de restrições polícia.
A alternativa B está correta. Essa alternativa seria a mais apropriada, pois além de manter o
tempo verbal present perfect, faz a negação de forma correta, no fato de a polícia ter
imposto restrições.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa mistura past simple com present perfect com
uma estrutura gramaticalmente errada “didn’t have placed”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não há razão para mudar o tempo verbal da frase para o past
simple, já que a questão apenas pede a forma negativa da sentença, que está, originalmente,
no present perfect.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Essa alternativa comete um erro gramatical ao usar uma dupla
negativa, que no inglês não é gramaticalmente aceito. “haven’t placed no restrictions”.
GABARITO: B
80. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences express
probability?
a) You mustn’t do that to your family

b) I have to do my homework until the end of the week
c) You should have patient to do meditation
d) He can choose what he wants in this store
e) I did very well at school, I think I’ll have great grades
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Você não deve fazer isso com a sua família. Há uma ideia de
proibição, e não de possibilidade, como o enunciado pede.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Eu tenho que fazer meu trabalho de casa até o final da
semana. Essa frase não passa ideia de probabilidade como o enunciado pede.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Você deve ter paciência para fazer meditação. Há uma ideia de
necessidade, e não de possibilidade, como o enunciado pede.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Ele pode escolher o que ele quiser nessa loja. Há uma ideia de
possibilidade, e não de probabilidade, como o enunciado pede.
A alternativa E está correta. Eu fui muito bem na escola, acho que vou ter ótimas notas. Uma
vez que ela foi vem, é provável que ela tenha ótimas notas, ou seja, probabilidade, assim
como o enunciado pede.
GABARITO: E
183
81. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which of the following sentences expresses
probability?
a) She can choose what she wants to do for a living.

b) One should have great balance to do yoga.
c) You must have your homework done by the end of the day.
d) He did a great job! I think he should get a promotion.
e) People mustn’t park his car in this parking spot.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa diz que ela pode escolher o que ela quer fazer
para viver. Não há ideia de probabilidade na frase, mas sim de possibilidade.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A alternativa diz que a pessoa precisa ter ótimo equilíbrio para
fazer yoga. Isso nos introduz uma ideia de necessidade, não de probabilidade.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Seu dever de casa tem que estar pronto até o fim do dia. Essa
frase não nos passa ideia de probabilidade, como pede o enunciado.
A alternativa D está correta. Ele fez um ótimo trabalho! Eu acho que ele deve ser promovido.
Esta frase nos passa a ideia de probabilidade que o enunciado nos pede. Uma vez que ele
fez um ótimo trabalho, é provável que ele seja promovido.
A alternativa E está incorreta. As pessoas não podem estacionar o carro nessa vaga. Há uma
ideia de proibição, não de probabilidade, nessa frase.
GABARITO: D
82. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Which is the correct option to replace the expression
“have few” in the paragraph below so that the meaning remains the same?
It’s difficult when you have few tools and need to repair a power generator.
a) Get rid of
b) Run out of
c) Are short of
d) Get away with
e) Check up on
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Get rid of” é uma expressão que significa se livrar de algo. O
enunciado nos pede a alternativa que pode substituir a expressão “have few”. “have few” e
“get rid of” não possuem relação de significação.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Run out of” é uma expressão que significa ficar sem alguma
coisa (quando essa coisa acaba). A frase diz que é difícil quando você tem poucas
ferramentas, não que você não tem ferramenta alguma.
A alternativa C está correta. “Are short of” significa ter pouco de alguma coisa. Nesse caso,
“are short of” substitui perfeitamente a expressão “have few”. É difícil é difícil quando você
tem poucas ferramentas e precisa fazer um reparo no gerador de energia.
184
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Get away with” é uma expressão que significa escapar de
determinada situação sem ser pego ou punido. Essa expressão não possui nenhuma relação
de significação com a expressão “have few”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Check up on” é uma expressão que significa checar/averiguar
alguma situação específica. A expressão não possui nenhuma relação de significação com a
expressão “have few” apontada pelo enunciado.
GABARITO: C
83. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) Mark the only option which is INCORRECT.
a) If I were you, I wouldn’t go out without a heavy coat.

b) If you had done your job, your boss wouldn’t have punished you.
c) He wouldn’t have won the game if he hadn’t played the game.
d) She’d be a more intelligent person if she had more time to study.
e) He’d be a successful person if he is willing to work hard.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O uso do simple past no início da condicional, obriga o uso do
futuro do pretérito na segunda parte. Se eu fosse você, eu não sairia sem um casaco pesado.
O verbo “were” pode ser usado nesse caso, de forma anômala. Numa condicional, é
permitido dizer “if I were you” ao invés de “if I was you”.
A alternativa B está correta. O uso do “past perfect” na primeira parte da condicional, faz
com que a segunda parte esteja escrita no “present perfect”. Como há relação de causa e
consequência, devemos observar a causa em um tempo verbal e a consequência um tempo
verbal a frente (um tempo verbal em direção ao futuro).
A alternativa C está correta. A única diferença é que esta alternativa não começa
estabelecendo a condicional como as duas anteriores. Mas a mesma regra se aplica.
Devemos usar a causa em um tempo verbal anterior ao da consequência. Ele não teria
ganhado o jogo se não tivesse jogado o jogo.
A alternativa D está correta. Ela seria uma pessoa mais inteligente se ela tivesse mais tempo
para estudar. A causa está no “simple past” (had more time) e a consequência está também
no “simple past”, mas com perspectiva de futuro em relação ao momento em que a causa
ocorre (would be). Em português, essa construção é chamada de futuro do pretérito.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase tem a mesma estrutura da alternativa anterior, mas
seu erro está no fato de que a causa deveria estar no passado para que a consequência
esteja no futuro do pretérito. A causa está no presente, e isso configura erro na construção
da condicional.
GABARITO: E
How ____ time per day do you spend studying?
A study routine is very important to achieve your goals.
185
a) Many
b) Much
c) Often
d) Lot of
e) Very
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “many” (muito),
mas sim, “much” (quanto/muito). Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How much time per
day do you spend studying?” (Quanto tempo por dia você passa estudando?).
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase é “much”
(quanto/muito), assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How
much time per day do you spend studying?” (Quanto tempo por dia você passa estudando?).
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “often”
(frequentemente), mas sim, “much” (quanto/muito). Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase
“How much time per day do you spend studying?” (Quanto tempo por dia você passa
estudando?).
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “lot of” (muito),
mas sim, “much” (quanto/muito). Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How much time per
day do you spend studying?” (Quanto tempo por dia você passa estudando?).
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “very” (muito -
intensidade), mas sim, “much” (quanto/muito). Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How
much time per day do you spend studying?” (Quanto tempo por dia você passa estudando?).
GABARITO: B
85. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Read the sentences below
I. You shouldn’t eat so ____.

II. I haven't been feeling very confident ____.
III. I work very ____ to get what I want.
Which option completes the sentences correctly?
a) Fastly / lately / hardly

b) Fast / lately / hardly
c) Fastly / late / hard
d) Fast / lately / hard
e) Fast / late / hard
Comentários:
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “fast” (rápido), funcionando como um advérbio
para “eat” (comer), ou seja, “você não deveria comer tão rápido”.
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “lately” (ultimamente), funcionando como um
advérbio que indica tempo para o verbo “feeling” (sentido), ou seja, “eu não tenho me
sentido muito confiante ultimamente”.
186
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “hard” (duro), funcionando como um advérbio
intensificador para o verbo “work” (trabalhar), ou seja, “eu trabalho muito duro para
conseguir o que quero”.
GABARITO: D
correctly?
He's done a great job, _____?
a) Hasn’t he
b) Has he
c) Isn’t he
d) Didn’t he
e) Haven’t he
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. É correto usar “hasn’t he?” pois esta tag está relacionada ao
“has done” utilizado na frase.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto usar “has he” pois a tag deve estar relacionada
ao “has done” utilizado na frase.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto usar “isn’t he” pois a tag deve estar relacionada
ao “has done” utilizado na frase.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto usar “didn’t he” pois a tag deve estar
relacionada ao “has done” utilizado na frase.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto usar “haven’t he” pois a tag deve estar
relacionada ao “has done” utilizado na frase.
GABARITO: A
87. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the dialogue below
correctly?
John: What's the problem?

Mary: I haven’t done my homework yet. I must _______ today.
(A) have done it

(B) have it done
(C) done it
(D) has done it
(E) has it done
Comentários:
A Alternativa A está incorreta. “I must have done it” não é usado nessa situação, pois o
contexto nos mostra que Mary ainda não fez seu trabalho de casa, mas precisa estar com ele
pronto ainda hoje. Essa alternativa sugere que Mary já fez seu trabalho de casa, o que
contradiria a frase imediatamente anterior a essa.
187
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a forma de se expressar que algo precisa ser feito com
prazo estipulado. O prazo estipulado é today, e Mary quer dizer que precisa estar com seu
trabalho de casa pronto ainda hoje. Traduzindo, temos: Eu tenho que ter isso feito hoje.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro dessa alternativa é usar o verbo no particípio. Assim,
seria como dizer: Eu tenho que feito isso hoje. Não faria sentido, não é verdade?
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro dessa alternativa é usar o auxiliar “has” com o verbo
modal “must”. Esse modal só aceita o auxiliar “have” no passado. Além desse erro, ainda
temos o fato de que essa alternativa sugeriria que Mary já fez seu trabalho de casa, o que
contradiria a frase imediatamente anterior a essa.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro dessa alternativa é usar o auxiliar “has” com o verbo
modal “must”. Esse modal só aceita o auxiliar “have” no passado.
GABARITO: B
Most adults in the UK are eating more calories than they need and _____ eat fewer calories.
It's recommended that you eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruit and veg every day.
They _____ be fresh, frozen, canned, dried or juiced.
(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/eight-tips-for-healthy-eating/)
(A) can't / can

(D) should / can
Comentários:
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “should”. O trecho inicia dizendo que a maioria
dos adultos no Reino Unido comem mais calorias do que deveriam, então o raciocínio lógico
a partir disso é que eles deveriam ingerir menos calorias, e o verbo modal adeuqado para
isso é o “should”.
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “can”. Esse verbo modal é ideal para essa
situação, pois seu uso permite que sejam apresentadas as possibilidades de consumo
saudável de vegetais. O modal “should” ou qualquer negativa (shouldn’t ou can’t)
estreitariam as possibilidades ao invés de ampliá-las, como é a intenção do texto.
Temos a sequência: should / can
GABARITO: D
(A) If your car didn't start, you could called a mechanic.

(B) If your car wouldn't have started, you could call a mechanic.
(C) If your car hadn't started, you could be able to call a mechanic.
(D) If your car won’t start, you can call a mechanic.
(E) If your car doesn’t start, you could called a mechanic.
Comentários:
188
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode usar a expressão “could called”. A expressão
correta, nesse caso específico, seria “could call”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não existe a estrutura “If + verbo modal” na condicional.
Nessa estrutura de frase o verbo modal precisa estar na “main clause”, não na “conditional
clause”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Quando temos o tempo verbal past perfect na “conditional
clause”, devemos ter a estrutura “modal verb + have + past participle” na “main clause”. Não
se observa a estrutura citada na “main clause” da alternativa.
A alternativa D está correta. As “If clauses” não são muito utilizadas no futuro, mas quando
usadas, essa é a estrutura correta. Temos a “conditional clause” no futuro (if your car won’t
start), e a “main clause” também no futuro (you can call a mechanic). Os verbos modais
podem ser usados no tempo futuro, porém não usam o auxiliar “will” para isso, eles mantêm
sua forma original do presente e o contexto definirá se eles estão no presente ou no futuro.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ao usarmos uma “if conditional” no presente, devemos usar a
“main clause” no futuro. E para isso, o verbo deveria vir como “call” ao invés de “called”.
GABARITO: D
correctly?
One of the most interesting projects handed over more than a ton of tin cans, glass
bottles, and old climbing tools to artists in Nepal, _______?
(Adapted from: https://ngl.cengage.com/assets/downloads/grex_pro0000000538/grex2_su8.pdf)
(A) doesn’t it
(B) hasn't it
(C) didn’t it
(D) don't they
(E) didn’t They
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos usar “doesn’t it” pelo fato de que essa tag é
usada em frases conjugadas no presente, enquanto a frase apresentada está no passado,
como podemos observar pelo verbo “handed over”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos usar “hasn’t it” porque a frase está conjugada
no Simple Past. Apenas se usa “hasn’t it” quando a frase está conjugada no Present Perfect.
A alternativa C está correta. O uso de “didn’t it” é perfeito nesse caso, já que a frase está
conjugada no tempo verbal Simple Past e na afirmativa. Logo, a question tag precisa usar o
auxiliar “did” e estar na negativa (didn’t).
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Don’t they” só pode ser utilizado quando a frase está
conjugada no presente, o que não acontece nesse caso, já que a frase está no Simple Past.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Didn’t they” estaria incorreto nessa situação porque a
expressão “one of the...” indica que estamos falando de apenas um projeto, e não de vários.
Portanto, não podemos usar o pronome “They” na question tag, mas sim o pronome “it”,
pois estamos falando de um único projeto.
GABARITO: C
189
How ______ does he go for a run?
(A) far
(B) old
(C) high
(D) often
(E) many
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “How far” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre
distância, e não sobre com que frequência se faz algo.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “How old” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre idade,
e não sobre com que frequência se faz algo.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “How high” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre altura
de algo, e não sobre com que frequência se faz algo.
A alternativa D está correta. “How often” é exatamente a estrutura que se utiliza para
perguntar com que frequência se faz algo. Nesse caso, com que frequência ele sai para
correr?
A alternativa E está incorreta. “How many” é uma estrutura que se utiliza para perguntar
sobre quantidade, e não sobre frequência.
GABARITO: D
Most people are living in a sedentary way, but they ______ be more active in order to be
healthier instead.
It's recommended that you do some kind of exercise at least 3 times a week. It _____ be
running, swimming, or simply walking.
(A) can't / can

(D) should / can
Comentários:
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “should”. O trecho inicia dizendo que a maioria
das pessoas estão vivendo de modo sedentário, então o raciocínio lógico a partir disso é que
eles deveriam fazer mais exercícios, e o verbo modal adequado para isso é o “should”.
situação, pois seu uso permite que sejam apresentadas as possibilidades de exercícios para
pessoas saírem do sedentárismo. O modal “should” ou qualquer negativa (shouldn’t ou
can’t) estreitariam as possibilidades ao invés de ampliá-las, como é a intenção do texto.
190
GABARITO: D
(A) If you didn't feel well, you could called a doctor.
(B) If you wouldn't have felt well, you could call a doctor.
(C) If you hadn't felt well, you could be able to call a doctor.
(D) If you won’t feel well, you can call a doctor.
(E) If you don’t start, you could called a doctor.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode usar a expressão “could called”. A expressão
correta, nesse caso específico, seria “could call”.
clause”.
usadas, essa é a estrutura correta. Temos a “conditional clause” no futuro (if you won’t feel
well), e a “main clause” também no futuro (you can call a doctor). Os verbos modais podem
ser usados no tempo futuro, porém não usam o auxiliar “will” para isso, eles mantêm sua
forma original do presente e o contexto definirá se eles estão no presente ou no futuro.
“main clause” no futuro. E para isso, o verbo deveria vir como “call” ao invés de “called”.
GABARITO: D
correctly?
Dreams might be made from the thoughts we have during the day, _______?
(A) aren’t they

(B) don’t they
(C) mightn’t they
(D) not might they
(E) didn’t They
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos usar “aren’t they” pelo fato de que essa tag tem
de estar associada ao modal “might” que encontramos na sentença.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos usar “don’t they” porque essa tag tem de estar
associada ao modal “might” que encontramos na sentença.
A alternativa C está correta. O uso de “mightn’t they” é perfeito nesse caso, já que a frase
está estruturada em torno do modal “might”. Trata-se de uma question tag pouco comum,
mas correta gramaticalmente e a mais indicada nessa situação.
191
A alternativa D está incorreta. “not might they” está errado, pois o “not” deveria estar
posicionado após o modal “might” na question tag.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Didn’t they” estaria incorreto nessa situação porque a frase
está conjugada no presente, e não no passado, já que “thoughts” não é o verbo “think”
conjugado no passado, mas sim um substantivo.
GABARITO: C
How ______ does he go when he runs?
(A) often
(B) old
(C) high
(D) far
(E) many
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “How often” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre
frequência, e não sobre distância percorrida.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “How old” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre idade,
e não sobre distância percorrida.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “How high” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre
altura, e não sobre distância percorrida.
A alternativa D está correta. “How far” é exatamente a estrutura que se utiliza para
perguntar sobre distância. Nesse caso, o quão longe ele vai quando sai para correr?
A alternativa E está incorreta. “How many” é uma estrutura usada para perguntar sobre
quantidade, e não sobre distância percorrida.
GABARITO: D
Nowadays we live in a bipolar society. We _______ be able to unite instead of separating
ourselves.
Anyone _______ do this. One just have to have a good dose of determination to do so.
(A) can't / can

(B)should / shouldn’t
(D) should / can
Comentários:
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “should”. O trecho inicia dizendo que nós vivemos
em uma sociedade bipolar, então, o trecho seguinte diz que nós deveríamos ser capazes de
nos unir ao invés de nos seperar, e o verbo modal adequado para isso é o “should”.
192
situação, pois seu uso indica capacidade de fazer algo. O trecho diz que qualquer pessoa
pode fazer isso. A pessoa só precisa de uma boa dose de determinação.
GABARITO: D
(A) If you didn't like doing it, you could done something different.
(B) If you wouldn't have liked doing that, you could do something different.
(C) If you hadn't liked doing that, you could be able to do something different.
(D) If you won’t like doing it, you can do something different.
(E) If you don’t like doing it, you could done something different.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode usar a expressão “could done”. A expressão
correta, nesse caso específico, seria “could do”.
clause”.
usadas, essa é a estrutura correta. Temos a “conditional clause” no futuro (if you won’t like
doing it), e a “main clause” também no futuro (you can do something different). Os verbos
modais podem ser usados no tempo futuro, porém não usam o auxiliar “will” para isso, eles
mantêm sua forma original do presente e o contexto definirá se eles estão no presente ou
no futuro.
“main clause” no futuro. E para isso, o verbo deveria vir como “do” ao invés de “done”.
GABARITO: D
correctly?
Great things have been done be corageous people in history, _______?
(A) aren’t they

(B) don’t they
(C) haven’t they
(D) hasn’t they
(E) didn’t They
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos usar “aren’t they” pelo fato de que essa tag tem
de estar associada ao verbo “have been done” que encontramos na sentença.
193
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos usar “don’t they” porque essa tag tem de estar
associada ao verbo “have been done” que encontramos na sentença.
A alternativa C está correta. O uso de “haven’t they” é perfeito nesse caso, já que a frase
está estruturada em torno do verbo “have been done”. Trata-se da question tag mais
indicada nessa situação.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “hasn’t they” está errado, pois o “hasn’t” deveria deveria ser
substituído por “haven’t” na question tag.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Didn’t they” estaria incorreto nessa situação porque a frase
está conjugada no present perfect, e não no past simple.
GABARITO: C
99. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct alternative to complete the statements.
I – They _____ the search after three hours. It was hopeless.

II – Somebody’s got to _____ those high principles.
III - We shouldn’t _____ their arguments so easily.
IV – I’m trying to _____ my own work.
V - What a preposterous idea! Jane will never _____ with it!
(A) gave up / stand up for / give in / catch up on / get away

(B) carried out / stand up to / give over / catch up on / get ahead
(C) gave up / stand up to / give over / catch up with / get across
(D) gave up / stand up for / give over / catch up with / get along
(E) carried out / stand up to I given in / catch up on / get through
Comentários:
A primeira sentença deve ser preenchida com “gave up” (desistiram), ou seja, a frase deve
ser escrita da seguinte forma: “They gave up the search after three hours. It was hopeless”
(Eles desistiram da busca após três horas. Não havia esperança).
A segunda sentença deve ser preenchida com “stand up for” (defender), ou seja, a frase
deve ser escrita da seguinte forma: “Somebody’s got to stand up for those high principles”
(Alguém tem que defender esses princípios elevados).
A terceira sentença deve ser preenchida com “give in” (ceder), ou seja, a frase deve ser
escrita da seguinte forma: “We shouldn’t give in their arguments so easily” (Não devemos
ceder em seus argumentos tão facilmente).
A quarta sentença deve ser preenchida com “catch up on” (colocar em dia), ou seja, a frase
deve ser escrita da seguinte forma: “I’m trying to catch up on my own work” (Estou tentando
colocar meu próprio trabalho em dia).
A quinta sentença deve ser preenchida com “get away” (escapar), ou seja, a frase deve ser
escrita da seguinte forma: “What a preposterous idea! Jane will never get away with it!”
(Que ideia absurda! Jane nunca vai escapar impune!).
GABARITO: A
100. (EFOMM – 2017) Choose the option that correctly completes the text below,
respectively.
194
“______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to
bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish, ______ it derived no particular benefit
from him, but ______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the people who amused
him.”
(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins Classics.)
( a ) On / which / nonetheless / that
( b ) About / where / notwithstanding / which
( c ) In / who / instead / whom
( d ) At / whom / because / who
( e ) Around / that / consequently / which
Comentários:
“___at___ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to
bachelor, ___whom___ the outside world called selfish, ___because___ it derived no
particular benefit from him, but ___who___ was considered generous by Society as he fed
the people who amused him.”
Ao citar horário, deve-se utilizar a preposição “at”.
A segunda lacuna funciona como objeto direto deslocado do verbo “called”. Neste caso,
“whom” é a variação de “who” que funciona como objeto, já que “who” exerce função de
sujeito.
A terceira lacuna apresenta uma justificativa para o fato dele ser chamado de egoísta
(selfish), consequentemente “because” é a melhor alternativa para preencher esta lacuna.
A quarta lacuna retoma “Lord Fermor”, portanto, “who” é a opção mais adequada para
preencher a lacuna e retomar o nome citado anteriormente.
Temos a sequência: at / whom / because / who.
Está correta a alternativa D.
195
7.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada.
8.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA

https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/
196
9.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
Caro(a) aluno(a),
Parabéns por mais uma aula concluída, você está um passo mais próximo da sua
aprovação!
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões são
necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimilação. Grife as partes que
você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu processo de
revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada.
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso curso.
Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos os assuntos
abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e evoluir em sua
preparação.
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação!
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou

outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suas dúvidas em
até 24 horas! Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para
te dar todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu
objetivo! Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok?
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha enriquecido
seus conhecimentos.
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro!
Forte abraço,
Leonardo Pontes
@prof_leonardo_pontes
Leonardo Pontes
197

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Contractions with letter “s” 14

Contraction: do and did 17

Contraction: verb have in the present perfect 18

contraction: verb have in the past 20

contraction: Modal verbs 21

5.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 26

7.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 196

8.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 196

WHICH JOB IS WHICH CITY

WHEN ARE WHEN DID

WHEN WILL WHEN DO

WHERE CAN WHERE DO

WHERE WILL WHERE DID

WHY WILL WHY DID YOU

TO WHOM WITH WHOM

WHOSE BOOK IS WHOSE

WHOSE CARDS WHOSE ARE

How was your class? - Como está sua aula?

How old: usado para perguntar a idade de alguém ou algo.

Preparei uma tabela para você:

Contractions with letter “s”

É importante lembrar que, em palavras já terminadas em “s”, quando vamos demonstrar

Contraction: do and did

Contraction: verb have in the present perfect

Agora, vejamos contrações com os verbos modais.

“Much”, “Many” e “A Lot of”

• “Much” é usado nos casos de substantivos não-contáveis.

• “Many” é usado nos casos de substantives contáveis.

• “A lot of” é usado em ambos os casos.

I love you so much. = Eu te amo muito.

“Little”, “Few” e “Enough”

Os quantifiers “little” e “few” significam uma pequena quantidade de alguma coisa. A

Add a little sugar, please. = Adicione um pouco de açúcar, por favor.

1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA)

Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired.

Read the paragraph below and answer question 4.

4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Which of the following questions cannot be

a) Where did the inventor of the first sewing machine die?

Read the text and answer question 5.

5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita)

Read the text and answer questions 6 and 7

a) Nowadays, it is an endangered species

Read the paragraph and answer questions 8 and 9

a) President Trump does not support racial violence

Read the comic strip and answer question 10

a) The little boy likes going to bed early

Read the comic strip and answer question 11 and 12

(Adapted from https://comics.azcentral.com/slideshow?comic=dt)

a) The employee’s statement was used against him

Read the text and answer questions 13 and 14

a) Although unexpected, Nathan's discovery was not important

a) Finding something rare is impossible

Read Text VI to do questions 15 and 16 according to it

Apple Electric Car

Read Text VII to do question 17.

Read Text VI to do question 18 based on it.

Are Planes Safe

Read Text VII to do question 19 based on it.

Love of my life, you've hurt me

Because you don't know

Because you don't know