Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Aula 06
Question Words / Contraction /
Quantifiers
Prof. Leonardo Pontes

@prof_leonardo_pontes

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Question Words
• Os Ques'on Words são pronomes interroga'vos u'lizados para elaborar perguntas em
Inglês. Eles são empregados antes dos verbos auxiliares e modais para se ques'onar algo.

• Muitas vezes, os ques'on words são chamados Wh Ques'ons.

What (O quê/qual)
Which (O quê/qual)
When (Quando)
Who (Quem)
When (Quando)
Why (Por quê)
How (Como)

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

What
• What significa o quê/qual e é usado para perguntar sobre objetos, situações, assuntos
diversos e tudo aquilo que não sabemos.

• A pergunta feita com WHAT é genérica, como abaixo, qual é o seu nome, endereço, o que
você gosta, que horas são e o que você faz, a resposta pode ser qualquer uma e não possui
escolhas, como entre duas ou mais coisas que você goste.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Which
• Which também significa o quê/qual porém, é usado quando temos opções limitadas,
escolhas. Enquanto what é usado para perguntas de um modo geral, o which é usado quando
são oferecidas opções de respostas.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

When
• When significa quando e é usado para saber sobre tempo/período ou ocasião - quando algo
aconteceu, acontece ou irá acontecer.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Where
• When significa quando e é usado para saber sobre tempo/período ou ocasião - quando algo
aconteceu, acontece ou irá acontecer.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Why
• Why significa por que e é usado para saber o mo'vo, a razão de algo acontecer, ter
acontecido ou porque vai acontecer. A resposta é sempre because – why para perguntar e
because para responder.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Who / Whom
• Who e Whom significam quem, para saber sobre pessoas mas, são usados em diferentes
situações – enquanto who tem a função de sujeito, whom tem a função de objeto

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Whose
• Whose significa de quem e é usado para saber quem é o dono de algo, para saber a quem
pertence alguma coisa. É sempre seguido de um nome e um verbo.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

How
• Usamos a Ques'on Word HOW (como) quando queremos perguntar a forma como algo é
feito e a condição ou qualidade. Veja alguns exemplos abaixo e outros para melhor
compreensão.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

How
How was your class? How far:
How do you cook vegetables? How far is the hotel from the school?

How old is you mother? How many:

How old is this building? How many students can you see?

How long: How much:

How long have you been studying? How much money do you need?
How much sugar would you like?

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

How

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contractions
• Uma contração pode ser definida como uma forma reduzida de uma palavra ou uma
combinação de palavras. As contrações são formas encurtadas de certas palavras, com a
omissão de algumas letras.

• As abreviações acontecem quando, basicamente, há uma omissão de algumas letras e a

adição do apóstrofo para sinalizar e mostrar que ali há uma palavra contraída, ou para indicar
posse, entre outras funções.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contractions with letter “s”
• imagina-se que palavras com apóstrofos estão abreviadas porque estão sendo usadas
informalmente, mas não é sempre assim.

• No caso de palavras com contrações que u'lizam o apóstrofo e a letra “s”, pode ser que
estejamos diante de um caso de posse, ou seja, demonstrando que algo pertence a alguém.
Roger’s computer is modern. (O computador de Roger é moderno).

• Outro caso em que usamos essa estrutura é quando queremos nos referir a um grupo ou
uma família, por exemplo, dizer que a casa de praia é da família Smith –
“This is the Smiths’ beach house (Essa é a casa de praia dos “Smith”).

• É importante lembrar que, em palavras já terminadas em “s”, quando vamos demonstrar

posse, usa-se apenas o apóstrofo, sem letra “s”.
No reply is my favorite Beatles’ song. (No reply é a minha música dos Beatles favorita).
Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes
Contraction: Verb to Be

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contraction: Do and Did

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contraction: Will

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contraction: Verb HAVE in the Present Perfect
• Em relação ao auxiliar have, devemos ficar atentos sobre as contrações com apóstrofo, pois,
nas terceiras pessoas do singular (he, she, it), a estrutura ficará igual às contrações do verbo
to be, apenas com a letra “s”.
• Se, logo após o “has”, conjugado para as terceiras pessoas, houver um verbo no par'cípio, é
a estrutura convencional de Present Perfect.
She’s studied a lot = She has studied a lot. (Ela tem
estudado muito/Ela estuda muito)

She’s a good student = She is a good student. (Ela é

uma boa aluna.)

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contraction: Verb HAVE in the Past
• Em relação ao auxiliar have conjugado no passado (had), devemos ficar atentos sobre as
contrações com apóstrofo e a letra “d”, pois a estrutura ficará igual às frases em que se
u'lizam contrações do auxiliar would, apenas com a letra “d”.
• Se, logo após o “had”, houver um verbo no par'cípio, é a estrutura convencional de Past
Perfect.
She’d studied a lot = She had studied a lot. (Ela tinha
estudado muito/Ela estudou muito)

She’d study if she had time = She would study if she

had time. (Ela estudaria se tivesse tempo.)

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Contraction: Modal verbs

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 Contraction: Ain’t
• A contração “ain’t” pode significar muitas palavras nega9vas. É um termo que pode subs9tuir e
representar as contrações am not, is not, are not, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, there isn’t, there aren’t, has not
e have not.
I ain’t working now = I’m not working now. (Eu não estou trabalhando agora).
He ain’t worried about it = He isn’t worried about it. (Ele não está preocupado com isso).
She ain’t good at Geography = She isn’t good at Geography. (Ela não é boa em Geografia).
They ain’t the best students = They aren’t the best students. (Eles não são os melhores alunos).
I ain’t got a car = I don’t have a car. (Eu não tenho um carro).
I ain’t know that = I didn’t know that. (Eu não sabia disso).
You ain’t seen everything! = You have not seen everything! (Você não viu tudo!)
Ain’t no one like you= There isn’t anyone like you. (Não há ninguém como você).
Ain’t no friends like you, guys. = There aren’t friends like you, guys. (Eu não tenho um carro).
He ain’t heard anything = He hasn’t heard anything. (Ele não ouviu nada).
They ain’t wriUen the emails = They haven’t wriUen the emails. (Eles não escreveram os emails).
Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes
Quantifiers
• Os determinantes – quan%fiers, são expressões usadas para indicar informações a respeito
da quan'dade de alguma coisa.

• há substan'vos classificados como contáveis – countable nouns

• há substan'vos classificados como incontáveis – uncountable nouns

• Será importante lembrar da classificação dos substanAvos para usar corretamente os

quan%fiers.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

“Much”, “Many” e “A Lot of”
• As três palavras indicam a mesma coisa: uma grande quan'dade. No entanto, o uso de cada
um depende exatamente do 'po de substan'vo que há na frase:
• “Much” é usado nos casos de substan'vos não-contáveis.
How much sugar do you need? A few.

• “Many” é usado nos casos de substan'ves contáveis.

How many students are there? Six.

• “A lot of” é usado em ambos os casos.

I have a lot of things to do.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

“Too” e “So”
• Esses dois pronomes são usados para intensificar algo. A diferença é que “too” dá a
impressão de exagero, às vezes com uma ideia nega'va, enquanto “so” indica uma grande
quan'dade, sempre com ideia posi'va.

There is too much traffic in SP.

I love you so much.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

“Little”, “Few” e “enough”
• Os quan'fiers “li1le” e “few” significam uma pequena quan'dade de alguma coisa. A
diferença entre os dois é que enquanto “liGle” se refere aos substan'vos não-contáveis,
“few” se refere aos contáveis.

There are few people in the classroom.

Add a li2le sugar, please.

• Por sua vez, “enough” se refere a algo suficiente, podendo ser usado tanto para substan'vos
contáveis como incontáveis.

There isn’t enough food.

I drove fast enough to get there in 'me.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes
“Enough”
• Ainda podemos usar enough em algumas expressões fixas, veja:

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Questões
Apple Electric Car
The Apple company changed business with electronics when it made the first iPhone. In 2015,
Apple started to think about __________(16) an electric car without a driver, and a lot of people
think that it will be special, too.
Nobody really _________ (18) much about Apple´s plans for an electric car because the
company keeps they secret. To build a factory for electric cars takes a lot of 'me, and it costs a
lot of money. It seems that Apple will work together with a company which makes cars. Last
week, two Korean automakers Hyundai and Kia said that they were not working with Apple on
an electric car, and it is not clear which company would like to work with Apple.
Sales of electric cars are growing fast in Europe. Experts say that there could be around 800
million electric cars in 2050.

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

(Estratégia Militares 2021 – Inédita – Leonardo Pontes)
“To build a factory for electric cars takes a lot of 'me, and it costs a lot of money”. The
expression “a lot of” can be replaced by:
a) lots
b) many
c) a mount of
d) a lots of
e) few

GABARITO: C

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

(Estratégia Militares 2020 – INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes)
“and a lot of people think that it will be special, too”. The expression “a lot of” can be replaced
by:
a) many
b) a mount of
c) a lots of
d) lirle
e) a great deal of

GABARITO: A

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

(Estratégia Militares 2020 – INÉDITA – Leonardo Pontes)
“This year, there´s been a sharp rise…”. The contrac'on ('s) means

a) is
b) was
c) has
d) as
e) geni've case.

GABARITO: C

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes
 (Estratégia Militares 2020 – INÉDITA)
In “I was wondering if you’d like to come and spend a few days at the shore.” (lines 9 and 10), the
underlined lerer is a contracted form of:
a) Had
b) Did
c) Would
d) do

GABARITO: C

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and 'red.
Mom: He may have stayed up all night.

(Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016)

“So”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to
a) such
b) much
c) many
d) very

GABARITO: D

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita – prof Leonardo Pontes)
Read the sentence in order to do the ques'on below.
This is my neighbors’ house and that one is my house.
Mark the op'on which rewrites the sentence using the correct possessive.
a) This house is theirs and that one is mine.
b) This is theirs houses and that is my house.
c) This is their house and that one is my.
d) This house is them and that one is my.
e) This is theirs house and that one is mine.

GABARITO: B

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EPCAR/2013)
“Native speakers are at a disadvantage in international communication”. The negative form of
this sentence is “Native speakers ....... at a disadvantage in international communication”.
a) not are
b) isn’t
c) do not are
d) aren’t

GABARITO: D

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 (Estratégia Militares 2020– EsPCEx/2012) In the sentence “As a poor college student with no
work experience, looking for a job in China’s compe''ve market is an uphill barle.”, the author
means that
[A] you cannot find a job in China. [B] you have to go up a hill.
[C] it’s exci'ng to get a job in China. [D] it’s difficult to get a job in China.
[E] you have to be an excellent athlete.

GABARITO: D

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 “It’s very drama'c,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses Center
in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.”

(Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita – prof Leonardo Pontes)

Mark the op'on that can replace the word "very" in the eleventh paragraph
without changing its meaning.
a) a lot.
b) really.
c) also.
d) to.

GABARITO: B

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

(Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita – prof Leonardo Pontes)
Read the extract from the text.

“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with a
previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down”

Choose the correct ques'on for the sentence below.

a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first a{tude?
b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes?
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Jus'ce?
d) Were the accounts blocked?
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes?

GABARITO: A

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

(2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the op'on with the suitable ques'on to answer the
underlined fragment below

“Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year before…”
(paragraph 2)
a) How does polio affect African children?
b) When was the last case of polio recorded in Africa?
c) How many African children have been vic'ms of polio in recent years?
d) How many people have been vic'ms of polio in Africa?

GABARITO: C

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Match the ques'ons and answers
How many clothes do you have at your closet?
How is Erica?
How much water do you have in a day?
Whose son is Daniel?
What does Jennifer do?
( ) A few
( ) He’s hers
( ) A lirle
( ) She is a firefighter
( ) She’s fine

III – IV – I – V – II
I – IV – III – V – II
I – II – IV – V – III
III – II – IV – I – V GABARITO: B
I – IV – II – III – V
Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes
 (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita – Leonardo Pontes)
Mark the only op'on which is INCORRECT.
a) If I had money, I’d have a much berer life.
b) If you’d been humble, people would have liked you more.
c) She wouldn’t have goren rich if she hadn’t worked very hard.
d) He’d be a much berer friend if he gave more aren'on to the ones he has.
e) They’d be close friends if they spend more 'me together.

GABARITO: E

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada – EFOMM 2010)
Mark the option in which the if-clause expresses that it is possible, but very unlikely, that the
condition will be fulfilled.
(A) If I’d done all my homeworks, I wouldn’t have failed the test .
(B) If you take a medicine, you’ll better in no time.
(C) If you’re hungry, you go out to eat something.
(D) If I had this information, I’d do everything different.
(E) If I’d worked hard, I’d have had more money to spend.

GABARITO: D

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

 (Estratégia Militares 2020 – CN 2018)
Mark the correct ques'on for the following answer.
Angela Tillson is a film loca'on manager in Kauai who has worked on the set of films including
“Jurassic Park: The Lost World” and “The Descendants”.
(A) Who is Ms. Tilson?
(B) Where is Ms. Tilson?
(C) What is Ms. Tilson like?
(D) Why is Ms. Tilson working?
(E) When does Ms. Tilson work?

GABARITO: A

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Obrigado
OBRIGADO
Prof. Leonardo Pontes

Prof. Nome do Professor

@prof_leonardo_pontes

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes

Question Words, Contraction, and QUantifiers– Leonardo Pontes