Aula13

INSTRUMENTOS ÓPTICOS
META
Fazer com que o estudante pense no ensino de ciências como algo “orgânico” que está em
profunda transformação;
Fazer com que os alunos percebam através de uma atividade lúdica, que podemos ensinar
física através de experimentos muito simples, e que a Física é uma ciência aplicada e que
pode ser aprendida através da observação de vários dispositivos do nosso cotidiano;
Fazer com que os alunos percebam as aplicações da física no cotidiano;
Mostrar que existem muitas animações virtuais sobre o tema, e que ensinar e aprender
física podem ser uma atividade divertida e interessante.

OBJETIVOS
$R¿QDOGHVWDDXODRDOXQRGHYHUi
HVWDUFLHQWHVGDVQRYDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVHGRVGHVD¿RVTXHHQYROYHPRHQVLQRGHFLrQFLDV
em geral;
4XHSDUDVHHQVLQDUItVLFDQmRSUHFLVDPRV¿FDUSUHVRVDROLYURGLGiWLFR
- Que ensinar física não é ensinar a resolver problemas e que a física é uma mera aplicação
da matemática;
- Que podemos ensinar a física das coisas e não as coisas da física;
- Estes devem estar cientes que é possível explorar vários recursos de multimídias e de
experimentos de baixo custo em sala de aula.

PRÉ-REQUISITOS
Os alunos deveram ter cursado as disciplinas de Psicologia da Educação, Física A, B e C.

Vera Lucia Martins de Mello

 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

INTRODUÇÃO

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$VVLPSDUDRVLQVWUXPHQWRVPDLVVLPSOHVFRPRSRUH[HPSORDOXSD
XWLOL]DPRVWH[WRVGHVLWHVGHHQVLQRSUHSDUDGRVSDUDRHQVLQRPpGLR-i
SDUDRWHOHVFySLRQHZWRQLDQRWLYHPRVDXWRUL]DomRGRSURIHVVRU5REHUWR
)UDQJHWWR[9]SDUDXWLOL]DUVHXPDWHULDO
Existem muitos exemplos de applets de ensino e experimentos de baixo
FXVWRRTXHID]RWHPDGHVWDDXODPXLWRLQWHUHVVDQWHGHVHUWUDEDOKDGRHP
sala de aula.
,QVWUXPHQWRVySWLFRVGHVHPSHQKDPXPSDSHOLPSRUWDQWHQRQRVVR
PRGRGHYLYHU8PDOXSDXPPLFURVFySLRRXXPWHOHVFySLRVmRH[HPSORV
GHLQVWUXPHQWRVySWLFRV$OJXQVLQVWUXPHQWRVHQYROYHPDSHQDVXPFRP-
SRQHQWHXPDOHQWH²FRPRDOXSDRXSRGHPHQYROYHUYiULRVFRPSRQHQWHV
SULVPDVHVSHOKRVHOHQWHV9DPRVHVWXGDUHPOLQKDVJHUDLVRSULQFtSLRGH
funcionamento dos instrumentos ópticos.

INSTRUMENTOS DE OBSERVAÇÃO
/XSD [1]
A lupa é um instrumento óptico munido de uma lente com capacidade
GHFULDULPDJHQVYLUWXDLVDPSOLDGDVeXWLOL]DGDSDUDREVHUYDUFRPPDLV
GHWDOKHSHTXHQRVREMHWRVRXVXSHUItFLHV7DPEpPGHQRPLQDGDPLFURVFySLR
VLPSOHVpFRQVWLWXtGDGHXPD~QLFDOHQWHHVIpULFDFRQYHUJHQWH4XDQWR
PDLRUIRURDXPHQWRGHVHMDGRPHQRUGHYHVHUVXDGLVWkQFLDIRFDO$OHQWH
VyVHFRPSRUWDUiFRPROXSDTXDQGRRREMHWRHVWLYHUFRORFDGRQXPDGLV-
WkQFLDLQIHULRUjVXDGLVWkQFLDIRFDO
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FRPRHODFRQMXJDDVLPDJHQVHFRPRHVWDVLPDJHQVREMHWRVYLUWXDLVSDUDR
QRVVRROKRDFDEDPVHQGRSURMHWDGDVQDQRVVDUHWLQD6yYHPRVLPDJHQV
UHDLVSURMHWDGDVQDQRVVDUHWLQD$OXSDpFRPSRVWDQRUPDOPHQWHSRUXPD
OHQWHELFRQYH[DFRQYHUJHQWHGHSHTXHQDGLVWkQFLDIRFDO2VLVWHPDySWLFR
GRQRVVRROKRpVLPLODUDGHXPDOHQWHFRQYHUJHQWHFyUQHDFULVWDOLQR
KXPRUDTXRVRKXPRUYtWUHRHXPDQWHSDURUHWLQD
$SHVDUGDDPSOLDomRGDLPDJHPSRVVLELOLWDGDSHODOXSDHODQmRVHUYH
SDUDDREVHUYDomRGHREMHWRVPXLWRSHTXHQRVFRPRFpOXODVHEDFWpULDV
SRLVQHVVHVFDVRVVHID]QHFHVViULRXPDXPHQWRPXLWRJUDQGH$VROXomR
pDVVRFLDUPRVGXDVRXPDLVOHQWHVFRQYHUJHQWHVFRPRQR PLFURVFySLR
composto.

272
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13
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LQYHQomRRVyFXORV:LNLSpGLD/XSD'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSSWZLNLSHGLD
RUJZLNL/XSD

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3HULVFySLR[2]
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HVWmRQRPHVPRQtYHOGRVROKRV9RFrVMiGHYHPWHUYLVWRSHORPHQRVHP
ÀOPHVTXHXPVXEPDULQKRWHPXPSHULVFySLRDFRSODGRSDUDREVHUYDU
REMHWRVIRUDGDiJXD
8PSHULVFySLRpFRQVWLWXtGREDVLFDPHQWHGHGRLVHVSHOKRVFRORFD-
GRVLQFOLQDGRVGHRFRPRPRVWUDDÀJXUDDEDL[RRXGHGRLVSULVPDVGH
UHÁH[mRWRWDO

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2 UDLR GH OX] DR LQFLGLU QR SULPHLUR HVSHOKR UHÁHWH LQFLGLQGR QR
VHJXQGRHVSHOKR$SyVLQFLGLUQRVHJXQGRHVSHOKRRUDLRGHOX]UHÁHWH
QRYDPHQWHDWLQJLQGRRROKRGRREVHUYDGRU

273
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

/XQHWDVH/XQHWD$VWURQ{PLFD[2]
$OXQHWDRXWHOHVFySLRGHUHIUDomRpXWLOL]DGDSDUDREVHUYDUREMHWRV
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REMHWRGLVWDQWH

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HPKWWSHGXFDUVFXVSEURWLFD

$REMHWLYDIRUPDDLPDJHP,,
VREUHVHXIRFRHHVWDLPDJHPYDL
VHUYLUFRPRREMHWRSDUDDRFXODUTXHIRUQHFHDLPDJHPÀQDOGRVLVWHPD
,,
TXHpYLUWXDOHLQYHUWLGD
2EVHUYHTXHRVIRFRVGDRFXODUHGDREMHWLYDSUDWLFDPHQWHFRLQFLGHP
O aumento visual de uma luneta é expresso pela relação entre as dis-
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$GHVYDQWDJHPGDOXQHWDDVWURQ{PLFDSDUDREVHUYDUREMHWRVWHUUHVWUHV
pTXHHODIRUQHFHXPDLPDJHPLQYHUWLGD

/XQHWD7HUUHVWUH[2]
$OXQHWDWHUUHVWUHpVHPHOKDQWHjDVWURQ{PLFDVyTXHDLPDJHPÀQDO
REWLGDpGLUHLWD$ÀJXUDDEDL[RPRVWUDDOXQHWDWHUUHVWUHFRQVWUXtGDSRU
*DOLOHXHP

274
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13

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(VWDOXQHWDWHPFRPRHOHPHQWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRXPDRFXODUGLYHUJHQWH
$REMHWLYDpXPDOHQWHFRQYHUJHQWH
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HQWUHDVGXDVGLVWkQFLDVIRFDLVQDFRQVWUXomRGRWHOHVFySLRFRORFDVHHVWD
GLVWkQFLDLJXDO$SULPHLUDLPDJHP,,
IRUQHFLGDSHODREMHWLYDVHIRUPD
VREUHRIRFRLPDJHPGDREMHWLYD)
(VWDLPDJHPYDLVHUYLUFRPRREMHWR
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pGLUHLWDYLUWXDOHPDLRUYHU
ÀJXUDDEDL[R

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2EVHUYDomR2VWHOHVFySLRVGHUHÁH[mRXWLOL]DPXPHVSHOKRSDUDEyOLFR
F{QFDYRQROXJDUGDOHQWHREMHWLYD$YDQWDJHPpTXHVHWrPPHQRVDEHU-
UDo}HVHSRUFDXVDGLVWRRVWHOHVFySLRVGHUHÁH[mRVmRPDLVXWLOL]DGRVQRV
REVHUYDWyULRV2XWUDYDQWDJHPpREDL[RFXVWR

275
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

)LJXUD7HOHVFySLRGHUHÁH[mRGH1HZWRQ'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSHGXFDUVFXVSEURWLFD

3DUD TXHP JRVWD GH DVWURQRPLD YLVLWH R VLWH GR 3URJUDPD (GXFDU
&'&&KWWSZZZFGFFVFXVSEUFGDLQGH[KWPO

INSTRUMENTOS DE PROJEÇÃO [2]

0iTXLQD)RWRJUiÀFD
,QVWUXPHQWRySWLFRPXLWRXWLOL]DGRQRFRWLGLDQRVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWR
pEHPVHPHOKDQWHDRROKRKXPDQR$VPiTXLQDVIRWRJUiÀFDVHYROXtUDP
PXLWR$QWLJDPHQWHDREMHWLYDGDPiTXLQDIRWRJUiÀFDHUDFRQVWLWXtGDGH
XPD~QLFDOHQWHÀJXUDDHDWXDOPHQWHpFRQVWLWXtGDGHYiULDVOHQWHV
ÀJXUD E (VVH LQVWUXPHQWR p FRQVWLWXtGR SRU XP VLVWHPD GH OHQWHV
GHQRPLQDGRREMHWLYDTXHVHFRPSRUWDFRPRXPDOHQWHFRQYHUJHQWHTXH
IRUPDXPDLPDJHPLQYHUWLGDHUHDOGRREMHWRIRWRJUDIDGR1DPiTXLQD
IRWRJUiÀFDH[LVWHWDPEpPXPDVpULHGHGLVSRVLWLYRVTXHSHUPLWHPDIDVWDU
RXDSUR[LPDUDOHQWHSDUDPHOKRUIRFDOL]DUDLPDJHP6HHVVDIRFDOL]DomR
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DIRWRJUDÀDQmRÀFDQtWLGD$LPDJHPDRVHUFDSWDGDÀFDJUDYDGDQRÀOPH
SRUPHLRGHUHDo}HVTXtPLFDVDVTXDLVRFRUUHPTXDQGRDOX]TXHYHPGR
REMHWRLQFLGHVREUHRÀOPH

)LJXUD²D0iTXLQDIRWRJUiÀFDGRLQtFLRGRVpFXORE0iTXLQDIRWRJUiÀFDPRGHUQD

276
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13

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UHÀQDPHQWRVyWLFRVRXPHFkQLFRV$REMHWLYDHVWiUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUXPD
~QLFDOHQWHFRQYHUJHQWHTXHIRUPDXPDLPDJHPUHDOHLQYHUWLGDGRREMHWR
IRWRJUDIDGRVREUHRÀOPHVLWXDGRQDSDUWHSRVWHULRUGDPiTXLQD
$OX]DRLQFLGLUVREUHRÀOPHSURYRFDUHDo}HVTXtPLFDVID]HQGRFRP
TXHDLPDJHPÀTXHJUDYDGD2ÀOPHYDLDSUHVHQWDUDLPDJHPHPQHJDWLYR
RXVHMDDVSDUWHVGRÀOPHTXHUHFHEHPPDLVOX]WRUQDPVHHVFXUDVHYLFH
versa.
3DUDTXHVHMDIRUQHFLGDVREUHRÀOPHXPDLPDJHPUHDOHPHQRUGR
REMHWRRREMHWRGHYHHVWDUVLWXDGRDQWHVGDGXSODGLVWkQFLDIRFDO

3URMHWRUGH6OLGHV
8PSURMHWRUGHVOLGHVGLDSRVLWLYRVVHUYHSDUDSURMHWDUHPXPDWHOD
XPDLPDJHPUHDOHDXPHQWDGDGRREMHWRTXHHVWiQRVOLGH
%DVLFDPHQWHHOHpFRQVWLWXtGRGHXPDOHQWHFRQYHUJHQWHFRPRRE-
MHWLYDHXPDOkPSDGDFXMRÀODPHQWRHVWiVLWXDGRQRFHQWURGHFXUYDWXUD
GRHVSHOKRF{QFDYRTXHMXQWRVVHUYHPSDUDLOXPLQDUFRPEDVWDQWHLQWHQ-
VLGDGHRVOLGH$ÀJXUDDEDL[RPRVWUDXPHVTXHPDEHPVLPSOLÀFDGRGH
XPSURMHWRUGHVOLGHV

)LJXUD(VTXHPDVLPSOLÀFDGRGRSURMHWRUGHVOLGHV

277
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

3DUDREWHUXPDLPDJHPUHDOPDLRUHDXPHQWDGDRVOLGHSUHFLVDHVWDU
VLWXDGRDXPDGLVWkQFLDPHQRUTXHDGXSODGLVWkQFLDIRFDODQWHVGRIRFR

ASSOCIAÇÃO DE LENTES [6]

1RHVWXGRGHVLVWHPDVySWLFRVH[LVWHRLQWHUHVVHHPVHGHWHUPLQDUD
LPDJHPTXDQGRGLVSRPRVGHOHQWHVGHOJDGDVGHWDOIRUPDTXHVHXVHL[RV
ySWLFRVFRLQFLGDP9HUHPRVDVHJXLUTXHSDUDHQWHQGHUPRVRPLFURVFySLR
composto mais simples ou para entendermos um telescópio simples basta
analisarmos a associação de duas lentes.
&RQVLGHUHPRVRFDVRHPTXHGLVSRPRVGHGXDVOHQWHV/1H/21HVVH
FDVREDVWDFRQVLGHUDUPRVTXHDOHQWH/1FRQMXJDDRREMHWR2XPDLPDJHP
i1(VWDLPDJHPVHWRUQDRREMHWRSDUDDVHJXQGDOHQWH
8PFDVRUHODWLYDPHQWHVLPSOHVGHDVVRFLDomRGHOHQWHVpDTXHOHHPTXH
DVOHQWHVVmRMXVWDSRVWDV4XDQGRMXVWDSRVWDVHODVHVWDUmRHQFRVWDGDVXPD
QDRXWUD1HVVDVLWXDomRHODVIXQFLRQDPFRPRXPD~QLFDOHQWHHTXLYDOHQWH
DRFRQMXQWR3RGHVHPRVWUDUTXHSDUDXPFRQMXQWRGHOHQWHVMXVWDSRVWDVD
OHQWHHTXLYDOHQWHDRFRQMXQWRWHPXPDYHUJrQFLDTXHpDVRPDGDVYHUJrQ-
FLDVGDVOHQWHVTXHFRPS}HPRFRQMXQWR,VWRpVH&1IRUjYHUJrQFLDGD
SULPHLUDOHQWH&2DYHUJrQFLDGDVHJXQGDOHQWHHDVVLPSRUGLDQWHHQWmRD
YHUJrQFLDGDOHQWHHTXLYDOHQWHVHUi&HT = C1 + C2 + ....
3RGHVHIDFLOPHQWHGHPRQVWUDUDSURSULHGDGHDFLPDSDUDGXDVOHQWHV
MXVWDSRVWDV'HIDWRDGPLWLPRVSFRPRDDEVFLVVDSDUDRREMHWR3DUDD
primeira lente escrevemos:
ͳ ͳ ͳ
൅ ൌ 
‫݌ Ͳ݌‬Ԣ ݂ͳ
ͳ

$LPDJHPGH/1pRREMHWRSDUDDVHJXQGDOHQWH3RUWDQWRS2 = -p1.
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VHJXQGDOHQWHSRU

6RPDQGRDVHTXDo}HVDQWHULRUHVWHUHPRV
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ
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‫݌ ݌‬Ԣ ݂ʹ ݂ͳ

3RUWDQWRDYHUJrQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHVHUi

CHT = C1 + C2

278
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13
PRINCÍPIOS BÁSICOS DE UM TELESCÓPIO
NEWTONIANO [9]

1HVVDDXODSUHWHQGHPRVDERUGDURVDVSHFWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVUHODWLYRV
DRSURMHWRGRWLSRGHWHOHVFySLRPDLVXWLOL]DGRSHORDVWU{QRPRDPDGRUR
1HZWRQLDQR>5REHUWR)UDQJHWWR@$TXLSRGHUHPRVYHUQDSUiWLFDFRPR
RVFRQFHLWRVGHyWLFDJHRPpWULFDLQWHUIHUrQFLDHGLIUDomRGDOX]VHDSOLFDP
QDFRQVWUXomRHXWLOL]DomRGHLQVWUXPHQWRVyWLFRV

)LJXUD7HOHVFySLR(VSDFLDO+XEEOH )LJXUD7HOHVFySLR5HIUDWRU

RELAÇÕES GEOMÉTRICAS RELEVANTES

DIÂMETRO INTERNO DO TUBO

&RPRVHSRGHYHULÀFDUQDÀJXUDSDUDTXHRVUDLRVOXPLQRVRVH
DWLQMDPRHVSHOKRSULQFLSDOVHID]QHFHVViULRTXHRGLkPHWURLQWHUQRGR
WXERVHMDPDLRUTXHRGLkPHWURGRHVSHOKRSULQFLSDO
3RU VLPSOHV FRQVLGHUDo}HV JHRPpWULFDV FKHJDVH j VHJXLQWH UHODomR
TXHIRUQHFHRGLkPHWURLQWHUQRPtQLPRGRWXERHPIXQomRGRGLkPHWUR
GRHVSHOKRSULQFLSDOHGDDEHUWXUDPi[LPDGDRFXODU

'min=d+a

2TXHDFRQWHFHUiVHXVDUPRVXPWXERTXHWHQKDXPGLkPHWURLQWHUQR
PHQRUGRTXHRPtQLPR"3RGHVHYHUQDÀJXUDTXHRVUDLRVOXPLQRVRV
HQmRSHQHWUDUmRQRWXERRTXHIDUiFRPTXHRFDPSRYLVXDOFRPD
RFXODU FRQVLGHUDGD VH DSUHVHQWH GHVLJXDOPHQWH LOXPLQDGR %ULOKDQWH QR
FHQWURHVHDSDJDQGRQDSHULIHULD

279
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

)LJXUD(VTXHPDGHXPWHOHVFySLRUHÁHWRU

$ GLkPHWURGRFtUFXORIRFDO>PP@
& SURMHomRGRSODQRIRFDO>PP@
' GLkPHWURGRHVSHOKRSULQFLSDO>PP@
' GLkPHWURLQWHUQRGRWXER>PP@
) GLVWkQFLDIRFDOGRHVSHOKR>PP@
 HL[RPDLRUGRHVSHOKRGLDJRQDO>PP@
 HL[RPHQRUGRHVSHOKRGLDJRQDO>PP@

)LJXUD([HPSORVGH7HOHVFySLRV5HÁHWRUHV1HZWRQLDQRV&RPHUFLDLV

DIMENSÃO DO ESPELHO DIAGONAL

3DUDTXHVHREWHQKDDPHOKRUTXDOLGDGHSRVVtYHOGDLPDJHPpHVVHQ-
FLDOTXHRHVSHOKRGLDJRQDOWHQKDXPFRQWRUQRHOtSWLFR6XDVGLPHQV}HV
SRGHPVHUFDOFXODGDVSHODVH[SUHVV}HVTXHVHVHJXHPDVTXDLVSRGHPVHU
GHGX]LGDVDSDUWLUGDÀJXUD

݈ʹ ൌ ܽ ൅ ܿሺ݀െܽሻ
‫ܨ‬
Ğ݈ͳ ൌ ඥʹǤ ݈ʹ ൌ ͳǡͶͳͶǤ ݈ʹ 

௖௫ௗ
6HRYDORUGHOIRUPHQRUTXHRUHVXOWDGRpVLPSOHVPHQWHGHVDV-
,
ி
WURVRSRLVVRPHQWHXPDSDUWHGRFDPSRYLVXDOpSUHHQFKLGDSHORHVSHOKR
GLDJRQDORTXHWRUQDLPSUDWLFiYHORXVRGRWHOHVFySLR

280
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13

)LJXUDH GHVORFDPHQWRGRFHQWURGRHVSHOKRGLDJRQDOHPPP

Campo Angular Máximo

$SDUWLUGDÀJXUDREWpPVHDH[SUHVVmRTXHIRUQHFHRFDPSRDQJXODU
visual do telescópio em função da abertura da lente de campo da ocular e
GDGLVWkQFLDIRFDOGRHVSHOKRSULQFLSDO
ܽ
‫ן‬ൌ ‫͵ݔ‬Ͷ͵ͺ
‫ܨ‬
1R FDVR GR LQVWUXPHQWR VHU SURMHWDGR SDUD XVR JHUDO JHUDOPHQWH
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DREVHUYDomRGHXPDJUDQGHYDULHGDGHGHREMHWRV
-iSDUDREVHUYDomRHVSHFtÀFDGR6RORXGD/XDRSURMHWRUHTXHUơ 
HSDUDREVHUYDomRGHDOWDUHVROXomRGHSODQHWDVHGHHVWUHODVELQiULDVEDVWD
SURMHWDURLQVWUXPHQWRSDUDơVLWXDQGRVHHQWUHHPLQXWRVGHDUFR
FRPRFXODUHVGHJUDQGHVDXPHQWRV

Pupila de saída
4XDQGRQXPWHOHVFySLRFRORFDPRVXPDRFXODUFRPGLVWkQFLDIRFDO
HTXLYDOHQWHLJXDODI HHPVHJXLGDIRFDOL]DPRVXPREMHWRGLVWDQWHDFRQ-
ÀJXUDomRGRVUDLRVOXPLQRVRVHVHYHULÀFDFRQIRUPHHVTXHPDWL]DGRV
QDÀJXUDDEDL[R
2 GLVFR ( IRUPDGR SHOD FRQYHUJrQFLD GHVVHV UDLRV LQFLGHQWHV QD
SHULIHULDGRHVSHOKRSDUDEyOLFRpFKDPDGD´SXSLODGHVDtGDµHQDGDPDLVp
GRTXHDLPDJHPGRHVSHOKRSULQFLSDOIRUPDGDSHODRFXODUHPXVR
eSRVVtYHOPHGLURGLkPHWURGDSXSLODGHVDtGDEDVWDQGRGLVSRUVHGH
XPGLVSRVLWLYRGHPHGLomRGHJUDQGHSUHFLVmR

281
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

)LJXUD(VTXHPDGRFDPLQKRyWLFRGDOX]GHVGHDHQWUDGDDWpDSXSLODGHVDtGD

(VVDPHGLomRDSUHVHQWDFHUWRLQWHUHVVHSDUDRDPDGRUSRLVDWUDYpV
GHODpSRVVtYHOGHWHUPLQDUH[SHULPHQWDOPHQWHDGLVWkQFLDIRFDOHTXLYDOHQWH
de uma ocular ou de um sistema Barlow-ocularFXMDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVHMDP
duvidosas.
3DUDLVVRGHSRLVGHPHGLURGLkPHWURSGDSXSLODGHVDtGDDSOLFDVH
DVHJXLQWHH[SUHVVmR
‫ܨ‬Ǥ ‫݌‬
݂ൌ 
݀
onde:

) GLVWkQFLDIRFDOGRHVSHOKRSDUDEyOLFRPP
I GLVWkQFLDIRFDOGRRFXODUPP
S GLkPHWURGDSXSLODGHVDtGDPP
G GLkPHWURGRHVSHOKRSDUDEyOLFRPP

$OpPGHVVDLPSRUWDQWHXWLOLGDGHRFRQKHFLPHQWRGDSXSLODGHVDtGDQRV
SHUPLWHDYDOLDUVHDRFXODUHPTXHVWmRpDGHTXDGDSDUDRQRVVRWHOHVFySLR
SRLVSDUDREVHUYDomRYLVXDORGLkPHWURGDSXSLODGHVDtGDQmRGHYHQXQFD
XOWUDSDVVDURGLkPHWURGDSXSLODGRREVHUYDGRU

Conceito de Magnitude
$ QRomR GH PDJQLWXGH RX JUDQGH]D IRL RULJLQDGD QD DQWLJD *UpFLD
TXDQGR+LSSDUFRQRVHJXQGRVpFXORDQWHVGH&ULVWRDJUXSRXRVDVWURV
YLVtYHLVDROKRQXHPVHLVFODVVHVFRQIRUPHRVHXEULOKRGHFUHVFHQWH
0RGHUQDPHQWHYHULÀFRXVHTXHDHVFDODGH+LSSDUFRFRUUHVSRQGLD
UD]RDYHOPHQWHEHPXPDSURJUHVVmRJHRPpWULFDFRPUD]mRGHDSUR[L-
madamente.

282
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13
 $GRWDQGRVHFRPRXQLWiULRRYDORUGREULOKRGDVHVWUHODVGHVH[WD
JUDQGH]DREWpPVHDVHJXLQWHH[SUHVVmRTXHUHODFLRQDREULOKR%GHXPD
HVWUHODTXDOTXHUDVXDJUDQGH]DP

% ƳP

1DIRUPDORJDUtWPLFD

ORJB ƳP

Magnitude Limite de um Microscópio Newtoniano

&RQVLGHUDQGRVHTXHjYLVWDGHVDUPDGDSRGHVHSHUFHEHUXPDHVWUHOD
GHJUDQGH]DGHGX]VHSRUVLPSOHVFRQVLGHUDo}HVVREUHDViUHDVUHODWLYDV
GHXPWHOHVFySLRHDGRROKRKXPDQRFRPDSXSLODWRGDGLODWDGDHTXDQGR
DSXSLODGHVDtGDWLYHUGLkPHWURDRUHGRUGHPPTXHDJUDQGH]DOLPLWH
de um telescópio é dada pela expressão:

0 ORJG

Poder de Resolução
2ROKRQRUPDOpFDSD]GHGLVWLQJXLUGRLVSRQWRVOXPLQRVRVRXGXDV
OLQKDVSDUDOHODVGHVGHTXHHVWHMDPVHSDUDGDVRVXÀFLHQWHSDUDTXHRkQJXOR
GHREVHUYDomRVHMDQRPtQLPRXPPLQXWRGHDUFR
3DUDTXHKDMDFHUWDFRPRGLGDGHGHREVHUYDomRDGRWDVHSDUDHIHLWR
GHSURMHWRGHVLVWHPDVySWLFRVFRPRTXDWURPLQXWRVGHDUFRRYDORUGR
poder de resolução da vista desarmada.

A Imagem de Difração de uma Estrela

$GLVWkQFLDGDVHVWUHODVpWmRJUDQGHTXHPHVPRDVJLJDQWHVFRPR
%HWHOJHXVHVmRREVHUYDGDVVREkQJXORVWmRSHTXHQRVTXHSDUDWRGRVRV
ÀQVSUiWLFRVSRGHPVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVFRPRPHURVSRQWRVOXPLQRVRV
1RHQWDQWRDRREVHUYDUPRVDVHVWUHODVFRPRFXODUHVGHJUDQGHVDXPHQ-
WRVSHUFHEHVHTXHDVPHVPDVSURGX]HPXPDLPDJHPFRQVWLWXtGDSRUXP
GLVFRFHQWUDOOXPLQRVRDFRPSDQKDGRSRUXPRXPDLVDQpLVFRQFrQWULFRV

)LJXUD²'LIUDomR

283
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

Disco de Airy
2GLVFRFHQWUDOGHVVDÀJXUDTXHQXPVLVWHPDySWLFRSHUIHLWRFRQ-
FHQWUDFHUFDGHGHWRGDDOX]TXHSHQHWUDQRWHOHVFySLRpGHQRPLQDGD
'LVFRGHAiryHPKRPHQDJHPDSir George AiryVpWLPRDVWU{QRPR5HDO
GD,QJODWHUUDRTXDOHVWXGRXGHWDOKDGDPHQWHRIHQ{PHQRGDIRUPDomR
GHLPDJHQVHPWHOHVFySLRV
2GLkPHWURDQJXODUGR'LVFRGHAirypTXHPGHWHUPLQDRSRGHUGH
UHVROXomRGHWHOHVFySLRVGHSHTXHQRHPpGLRSRUWH-iSDUDRVJUDQGHV
WHOHVFySLRVpDWXUEXOrQFLDDWPRVIpULFDTXHOLPLWDRVHXGHVHPSHQKRFRPR
WHUHPRVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHGLVFXWLUPDLVDGLDQWH2GLkPHWURDQJXODUGR
'LVFRGHAiry,H[SUHVVRHPVHJXQGRVGHDUFRpGDGRSHODH[SUHVVmRDVHJXLU
ʹͲ͵
݃ൌ 
݀
Poder de Resolução de um Telescópio
6XSRQKDPRVTXHHVWDPRVREVHUYDQGRXPSDUGHHVWUHODVGHVH[WD
JUDQGH]DVREJUDQGHDXPHQWRHTXHDVPHVPDVHVWmRWmRSUy[LPDVXPDV
GDV RXWUDV TXH RV VHXV 'LVFRV GH Airy se apresentem interpenetrantes
FRPRQDÀJXUDDEDL[R
2YDORUGHVHSDUDomRDQJXODUPtQLPDH[SUHVVDHPVHJXQGRVGHDUFR
TXHDLQGDQRVSHUPLWHSHUFHEHUDVGXDVHVWUHODVVHSDUDGDVGHQRPLQDVH
3RGHUGH5HVROXomR´

)LJXUD²'LIUDomR

Sua expressão em função da abertura do telescópio foi estabelecida

H[SHULPHQWDOPHQWHSRU:5'DZHVQRVpFXORGH]HQRYHVHQGRSRULVVR
WDPEpPFRQKHFLGRFRPR/LPLWHGH'DZHV(VVHOLPLWHYDOH
ͳͳͷǡͺ
ܲǤ ܴǤ ൌ 
݀

284
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13
MICROSCÓPIO ÓPTICO

2ROKRKXPDQRWHPSRGHUGHUHVROXomRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHPP
RXƬP,VWRVLJQLÀFDTXHVHYRFrROKDUGRLVSRQWRVVHSDUDGRVSRUXPD
GLVWkQFLD PHQRU TXH  ƬP HVVHV SRQWRV DSDUHFHUmR FRPR XP SRQWR
~QLFR3DUDGLVWLQJXLUHVWUXWXUDVVHSDUDGDVXPDGDVRXWUDVSRUPHQRVGH
 ƬP Ki QHFHVVLGDGH GH LQVWUXPHQWRV ySWLFRV TXH WHQKDP SRGHU GH
resolução aumentada. É importante salientar a diferença entre poder de
UHVROXomRHSRGHUGHDXPHQWR6HYRFrDPSOLDUYiULDVYH]HVXPDPHVPD
IRWRJUDÀDFRPXPDLPDJHPDXPHQWDPDVRVSRQWRVVHSDUDGRVSRUPHQRV
GHƬPFRQWLQXDUmRDDSDUHFHUFRPRXPVySRQWRERUUDGReSRVVtYHO
SRUWDQWRDXPHQWDUDDPSOLDomRVHPFRQWXGRPHOKRUDUDUHVROXomR2V
PLFURVFySLRVSHUPLWLUDPDRKRPHPREVHUYDUHVWUXWXUDVFRPDPSOLDomR
maior e maior resolução.
2OLPLWHGHUHVROXomRGRVPLFURVFySLRVySWLFRVTXHVmRDTXHOHVTXH
XWLOL]DPDOX]SDUDLOXPLQDURREMHWRTXHHVWiVHQGRDQDOLVDGRpGHFHUFDGH
ƬPRXQPRX$žpPHOKRUTXHRROKRKXPDQRFHUFDGH
YH]HV1mRVHFRQVHJXHFRQVWUXLUPLFURVFySLRVySWLFRVFRPGHVHPSHQKR
PHOKRUTXHHVWHSRLVRIDWRUOLPLWDQWHpRFRPSULPHQWRGHRQGDGDOX]

)LJXUD0LFURVFySLRySWLFR

O APARECIMENTO DO MICROSCÓPIO

1R ÀQDO GR VpFXOR ;9, GHSRLV GH TXDWUR VpFXORV DSHUIHLoRDQGR H
GDQGRQRYDVXWLOL]Do}HVjVOHQWHVIRLFULDGDDOXSDSRU*DOLOHXHXVDQGRD
HIHWXRXDVSULPHLUDVREVHUYDo}HVGHREMHWRVHVHUHV&RPHOHRVFLHQWLVWDV
GDpSRFDIRUDPFDSD]HVGHHQFRQWUDUQRVVHUHVTXHMiFRQKHFLDPQRYRV
GHWDOKHVHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
1RVpFXOR;9,RDSHUIHLoRDPHQWRGRPLFURVFySLR[6]SDUWLFXODUPHQWH
GRVLVWHPDGHOHQWHVH[SDQGLXVH$QWRQLH9DQ/HHXZHQKRHNH=DFKDULDV
-DQVHQIDEULFDQWHVGHyFXORVGHVHQYROYHUDPRVSULPHLURVPLFURVFySLRV

285
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

VLPSOHV H FRPSRVWRV UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH (VWHV DSDUHOKRV XWLOL]DYDP D OX]

UHÁHWLGDSHORREMHWRIRUWHPHQWHLOXPLQDGR9iULRVPRGHORVIRUDPDVHJXLU
FRQVWUXtGRVHQWUHRVTXDLVDOJXQVGHYDORUKLVWyULFRFRPRSRUH[HPSOR
RGH5REHUW+RRNH0DVWHULDGHGHFRUUHUTXDVHXPVpFXORDWpTXHRPL-
FURVFySLRySWLFRFRPSRVWRVXFHVVLYDPHQWHDSHUIHLoRDGRIRVVHFDSD]GH
SHUPLWLULPDJHQVGHJUDQGHTXDOLGDGH

)LJXUD²0RGHORV+LVWyULFRV

CONSTITUIÇÃO DO MICROSCÓPIO ÓPTICO

COMPOSTO [4]

$WXDOPHQWHRPLFURVFySLRySWLFRFRPSRVWR02&pFRQVWLWXtGR

SRU GXDV SDUWHV ² XPD SDUWH PHFkQLFD H XPD SDUWH ySWLFD &DGD SDUWH
HQJOREDXPDVpULHGHFRPSRQHQWHVFRQVWLWXLQWHVGRPLFURVFySLR$SDUWH
PHFkQLFDVHUYHSDUDGDUHVWDELOLGDGHHVXSRUWDUDSDUWHySWLFD(VWDSDUWH
é constituída por:
Pé ou Base²VXSRUWDRPLFURVFySLRDVVHJXUDQGRDVXDHVWDELOLGDGH
Braço ou Coluna²SHoDÀ[DjEDVHQDTXDOHVWmRDSOLFDGDVWRGDVDVRXWUDV
SDUWHVFRQVWLWXLQWHVGRPLFURVFySLR
Tubo ou Canhão²FLOLQGURTXHVXSRUWDRVVLVWHPDVGHOHQWHVORFDOL]DQGR
VHQDH[WUHPLGDGHVXSHULRUDRFXODUHQDLQIHULRURUHYyOYHUFRPREMHWLYDV
Platina²SHoDFLUFXODUTXDGUDGDRXUHWDQJXODUSDUDOHODjEDVHRQGHVH
FRORFDDSUHSDUDomRDREVHUYDUSRVVXLQGRQRFHQWURXPRULItFLRFLUFXODU
RXDORQJDGRTXHSRVVLELOLWDDSDVVDJHPGRVUDLRVOXPLQRVRVFRQFHQWUDGRV
SHORFRQGHQVDGRU
Parafuso Macrométrico²HQJUHQDJHPTXHVXSRUWDRWXERHSHUPLWHD
VXDGHVORFDomRDGDSODWLQDeLQGLVSHQViYHOSDUDID]HUDIRFDJHP

286
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13
Parafuso Micrométrico²LPSULPHDRWXERRXjSODWLQDPRYLPHQWRVGH
DPSOLWXGH PXLWR UHGX]LGD FRPSOHWDQGR D IRFDJHP 3HUPLWH H[SORUDU D
SURIXQGLGDGHGHFDPSRGRPLFURVFySLR
Revólver²GLVFRDGDSWDGRj]RQDLQIHULRUGRWXERTXHVXSRUWDGXDVD
TXDWUR REMHWLYDV GH GLIHUHQWHV DPSOLDo}HV SRU URWDomR p SRVVtYHO WURFDU
UDSLGDPHQWHHFRPRGDPHQWHGHREMHWLYD

)LJXUD(VTXHPDGHXPPLFURVFySLRySWLFRFRPSRVWRSDUWHPHFkQLFD

A parte óptica é constituída por:

Sistema de Oculares e Sistema de Objetivas²RFRQMXQWRGHOHQWHVTXH
SHUPLWHPDDPSOLDomRGRREMHWR$DPSOLDomRGDGDDRPLFURVFySLRpLJXDO
DRSURGXWRGDDPSOLDomRGDREMHWLYDSHODDPSOLDomRGDRFXODU
Fonte Luminosa²H[LVWHPYiULRVWLSRVGHIRQWHVOXPLQRVDVSRGHQGRVHU
XPDOkPSDGDLOXPLQDomRDUWLÀFLDORXXPHVSHOKRTXHUHÁLWDDOX]VRODU
LOXPLQDomRQDWXUDO
Condensador²GLVWULEXLUHJXODUPHQWHQRFDPSRYLVXDOGRPLFURVFySLR
DOX]UHÁHWLGDSHORHVSHOKR
Diafragma ² UHJXOD D LQWHQVLGDGH OXPLQRVD QR FDPSR YLVXDO GR PL-
croscópio.

)LJXUD²(VTXHPDGHXPPLFURVFySLRySWLFRFRPSRVWRSDUWHySWLFD

287
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

CARACTERÍSTICAS DA IMAGEM DO M.O.C.

2REMHWRDVHUREVHUYDGRGHYHVHUFRORFDGRPXLWRSHUWRGRIRFRGR
VLVWHPD GD REMHWLYD SDUD TXH VH IRUPH XPD LPDJHP UHDO LQYHUWLGD GH
PDLRUHVGLPHQV}HVTXHYDLVHUYLUGHREMHWRHPUHODomRjRFXODU(VWDGi
XPDLPDJHPYLUWXDOLQYHUWLGDQRVGRLVVHQWLGRVHPUHODomRDRREMHWRD
ser observado.

6LVWHPDVGH/HQWHV
Temos cinco tipos de oculares:

+X\JHQV
+L3RLQW
:LGH)LHOG
+\SHUSODQH&RPSHQVDWLQJ
8OWUDSODQH

Resolução [5]
6HJXQGR5DOHLJKGRLVREMHWRVSRGHPVHUGLVWLQJXLGRVTXDQGRRPi[LPR
central de um coincide com o primeiro mínimo do outro. A intensidade
HQWUHGRLVSLFRVGHVFUHYHGHGRSLFRLQLFLDO
$UHVROXomRpDPtQLPDGLVWkQFLDHQWUHSRQWRVRXSDUWHVGHXPREMHWR
$HTXDomRGHÀQHROLPLWHGHUHVROXomRGHXPPLFURVFySLRySWLFRVH-
JXQGRRFULWpULRGH5DOHLJK
଴Ǥ଺ଵO
  ߜ ؔ   ߜ ؔ ଴Ǥ଺ଵO 
ou  
௡Ǥ௦௜௡ሺTሻ ே஺

$DEHUWXUDQXPpULFDTXHDSDUHFHQDHTXDomRDFLPDH[SUHVVDRSRGHU
GHUHVROXomRGDVOHQWHVHREULOKRGDLPDJHPIRUPDGDTXDQWRPDLRUD
DEHUWXUDQXPpULFDPHOKRUDTXDOLGDGHGDUHVROXomR(PFRPSHQVDomRKi
XPFRPSULPHQWRGDSURIXQGLGDGHGHIRFRGHÀQLGDSHODHTXDomR
O
   
‫ݏݑܿ݋݂ܦ‬ 
ؔ 
ସǤሺே஺ሻమ

$VOHQWHVREMHWLYDVVmRUHVSRQViYHLVSHODDPSOLDomRGDDPRVWUD3DUD
XPDDOWDDPSOLDomRHXPDDOWDUHVROXomRQHFHVVLWDVHGHOHQWHVREMHWLYDVFRP
XPDJUDQGHDEHUWXUDQXPpULFD1$(VVHSDUkPHWURGHWHUPLQDRSRGHU
VHSDUDGRUGRPLFURVFySLRHpGDGRSHODHTXDomR

    ܰ‫݊݁ݏ݊ؔ ܣ‬ሺߠሻ
  

RQGHQpRtQGLFHGHUHIUDomRGRPHLRHPTXHHVWiLPHUVDDOHQWHIURQWDO
GDREMHWLYDHpRkQJXORGRFRQHGHOX]TXHSHQHWUDQDREMHWLYD

288
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13
Poder Separador
-iRSRGHUVHSDUDGRUGRPLFURVFySLRpDPHGLGDGDFDSDFLGDGHGHXP
LQVWUXPHQWRySWLFRGLVFULPLQDUREMHWRVSRQWXDLVPXLWRSUy[LPRV(VWDFD-
SDFLGDGHGHSHQGHGDVÀJXUDVGHGLIUDomRGHVGHTXHDVDEHUUDo}HVWHQKDP
VLGRFRUULJLGDVQDHTXDomR
ே஺
    
ܲؔ
଺ଵǤூ

RQGHOpRFRPSULPHQWRGHRQGDGDUDGLDomRTXHLOXPLQDRREMHWR

Limite do M.O.C. [5]

´1RLQLFLRGRVpFXOR;,;HVWDYDGHÀQLGRROLPLWHGHUHVROXomRGR
PLFURVFySLR ySWLFR 6HJXQGR R ItVLFR DOHPmR (UQVW $EEH 
HVVHOLPLWHGHSHQGLDSULQFLSDOPHQWHGRFRPSULPHQWRGHRQGDƫGDOX]
FRPTXHVHREVHUYDRREMHWR202QmRSRGHYHUSRQWRVGRREMHWRPDLV
SUy[LPRVGRTXHPLFURPHWURVƬP PPRXVHMDVHXDXPHQWR
Pi[LPRHVWiHPWRUQRGHPLOYH]HV1mRPXLWRPDLVGRTXH/HHXZHQKRHN
FRQVHJXLDµ[5].
2FRQKHFLPHQWRGRVIHQ{PHQRVRQGXODWyULRVSHUPLWHQRVVDEHUTXH
DLPDJHPGHXPSRQWROXPLQRVRREWLGRDWUDYpVGHXPDOHQWHpIRUPDGD
SRUXPFLUFXORFHQWUDOOXPLQRVRFHUFDGRGHDQpLVFODURVFRPLQWHQVLGDGHV
GHFUHVFHQWHVGLIUDomR4XDQGREXVFDPRVDXPHQWRVEDL[RVQmRREVHU-
YDPRVHVVDÀJXUDPDVpHODTXHGHWHUPLQDROLPLWHGHDXPHQWRSDUDFDGD
GLkPHWURGDOHQWHHSDUDFDGDFRUGDOX]GHLOXPLQDomR4XDQWRPDLRUR
ƫPDLVFULWLFDpDVLWXDomR'DtFRQFOXLUPRVTXHMiDWLQJLPRVRDXPHQWR
Pi[LPRSHUPLWLGRSHOR02SRLVDVDEHUUDo}HVGLVWRUo}HVGDVOHQWHVMi
IRUDPVXÀFLHQWHPHQWHEHPFRUULJLGDVPDVRQRVVRROKRLQIHOL]PHQWHQmR
YrDOX]FRPƫPHQRUTXHRYLROHWDeHQWmRTXHHQWUDPRVFRPXPQRYR
XQLYHUVRTXHR0(SRGHSURSRUFLRQDU

ATIVIDADES

Experimentos de Baixo custo

1- A câmera escura de orifício [3]
2IXQFLRQDPHQWRGHXPDFkPHUDHVFXUDGHRULItFLRSRGHVHUHQWHQGLGR
DSDUWLUGHXPDUUDQMREHPVLPSOHV7RPHPRVXPDFDL[DFRPSOHWDPHQWH
IHFKDGDHQHODID]HPRVXPSHTXHQRRULItFLR8PDYHODFRORFDGDQDIUHQWH
GRRULItFLRSURGX]LUiXPDLPDJHPVHPHOKDQWHDRREMHWRDYHODSRUpP
LQYHUWLGD2WDPDQKRGHLPDJHPLHRWDPDQKRGRREMHWRRVmRUHODFLR-
QDGRVFRPDVGLVWkQFLDVGRREMHWRGDRRULItFLRHDGLVWkQFLDGDLPDJHP
DRRULItFLRG
DWUDYpVGDUHODomR

289
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

o d
i d'

2EVHUYHTXHDUHODomRDFLPDVHJXHGDVHPHOKDQoDHQWUHRVWULkQJXORV
2$
%7DLVUHODo}HVGHFRUUHPGDSURSDJDomRUHWLOtQHDDVVLPFRPRDLQ-
YHUVmRGDLPDJHP

&RQIRUPHDSRVLomRGDYHODDLPDJHPSRGHQmRÀFDUPXLWRQtWLGD
DVVLPPXGHDSRVLomRGDYHODHPIUHQWHjFDL[DDWpREWHUXPDLPDJHP
mais nítida.

8PSURMHWRUGHIHL[HVGHOX][8]

Material:
/DQWHUQD
)LWDDGHVLYD
&DUWROLQDSUHWD
8PDFDL[DTXDOTXHUSRGHVHUXPDFDL[DGHVDSDWRV

3URFHGLPHQWR
&RUWDPVHGRLVFtUFXORVGRWDPDQKRGDIUHQWHGDODQWHUQDHPFDGD
XPGHVVHVFtUFXORVVHUiGHVHQKDGDXPDIHQGDDRFHQWURTXHSHUPLWLUiD
YLVXDOL]DomRGHXPIHL[HGHOX]1RFtUFXORDIHQGDWHUiPLOtPHWURVGH
ODUJXUDHXPFRPSULPHQWRTXHYDLDWpQRPi[LPRPLOtPHWURVGDERUGD
1RFtUFXORDIHQGDWHUiGHODUJXUDPLOtPHWURMiRFRPSULPHQWRVHUiGD
PHVPDDOWXUDGRFtUFXORPDVDSDUWHGHEDL[RVHUiFRUWDGDDWpDERUGD
&RPRPRVWUDDÀJXUD

290
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13

)LJXUD²&tUFXORHFtUFXORSDUDRSURMHWRU)RQWH9LROLQ

2FtUFXORGHYHVHUFRODGRQDVXSHUItFLHGDODQWHUQDFRPDÀWDDG-
HVLYD &RPDFDUWROLQDUHVWDQWHpIHLWRXPFLOLQGURPDLRUTXHDODQWHUQDH
TXHDHQYROYDGHWDOIRUPDDSHUPLWLUTXHDODQWHUQDVHPRYLPHQWHGHQWUR
dele.
(PXPDGDVEDVHVGRFLOLQGURpÀ[DGRRFtUFXORWDPEpPFRPDÀWD
DGHVLYDHQTXDQWRDRXWUDEDVHGHYHÀFDUOLYUHSDUDVHUHQFDL[DGDDODQWHUQD
$VIHQGDVGHYHUmRÀFDUSDUDOHODV$VVLPFRPRPRVWUDGRQDÀJXUDDEDL[R

$SDUWHPDLVGLItFLOGRSURMHWRUHVWiSURQWDDJRUDVHFRORFDDFDL[DGH
PDQHLUDTXHVHMDSURGX]LGDVRPEUDGHQWURGHODHÀ[DDODQWHUQDGHPRGR
TXHVXDOX]VHMDSURSDJDGDGHQWURGDFDL[D

)LJXUD²0DWHULDOSDUDRSURMHWRU )LJXUD²3URMHWRUHDUHÁH[mRGDOX]

291
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

3DUD UHDOL]DU HVVH H[SHULPHQWR p QHFHVViULR XPD FDUWROLQD SUHWD D

ODQWHUQDDÀWDDGHVLYDHXPDFDL[DTXDOTXHU

3URMHWRU&DVHLUR>@
3DUDIDEULFDUXPSURMHWRUGHVOLGHVFDVHLURFRUWHDWDPSDGDFDL[DGH
papelão e pinte a caixa nas cores preta por fora e branca por dentro (de
SUHIHUrQFLD)D]HUGRLVEXUDFRVXPSDUDHQFDL[DUDOHQWHHRXWURSDUDSDV-
VDURÀRGDOkPSDGD/RJRDSyVHVVHSURFHGLPHQWRHQFDL[HDOkPSDGDQR
WRUQLTXHWHHFROHQRPHLRXPSRXFRPDLVSDUDRIXQGRGDFDL[D3}HSDSHO
DOXPtQLRQDVODWHUDLVLQWHUQDVGDFDL[DSRLVVHQmRIRUFRORFDGRDOkPSDGD
UHÁHWLUiDVXDOX]QDOHQWH)D]HUXPVXSRUWHSDUDSHQGXUDURVOLGHSRLV
FRPRWHUiXPDWDPSDDSHVVRDQmRSRGHUiÀFDUVHJXUDQGRRVOLGHSDUDVXD
IRFDJHP2VXSRUWHGRVOLGHSRGHVHUIHLWRFRPDFDL[DGDOkPSDGDXVDQGR
QRVSURFHGLPHQWRVDQWHULRUHV'HSRLVGHWXGRSURQWRHQFDL[HRVOLGHQR
VHXVXSRUWHS}HDWDPSDHOLJXHDOkPSDGD'HSRLVGHWXGROLJDGRIRTXHD
LPDJHPFRPDOHQWHGHDFRUGRFRPDGLVWkQFLDHQWUHRSURMHWRUHDSDUHGH

APPLETS

²:DOWHU)HQGW
KWWSZZZZDOWHUIHQGWGHSKEUUHIUDFWRUBEUKWP

²6LWHGHHQVLQR$VWURQRP\(GXFDWLRQDW8QLYHUVLW\RI 1HEUDVFD/LQFROQ
KWWSDVWURXQOHGXFODVVDFWLRQDQLPDWLRQVWHOHVFRSHVWHOHVFRSHKWPO

292
 Instrumentos ópticos Aula 13

²20LFURVFySLR3URMHWR75,32'
KWWSZZZGLVFLSFUGSDFFDHQIUSKFKO\FHHWHUPLQDOHDSSBRSW
DSSBRSWKWP

VÍDEO AULAS

²([SHULPHQWRFRP/XSD3RQGRIRJRQRSDSHODWUDYpVGDFRQFHQWUDomR
dos raios luminosos.
KWWSZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y ;;W,NSU8
3HULVFySLR&DVHLUR3URI-XDU\
KWWSZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y [BQQ995X5J

293
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

3RQWRFLrQFLD3HULVFySLR
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