INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.

1 - 2008

O AGRONEGÓCIO DA MACADÂMIA: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS

DE PRODUÇÃO, ECONÔMICO E SOCIAL

Natália Renata NOGUEIRA *

RESUMO

(VWH DUWLJR YLVD FRQWULEXLU SDUD D GLVFXVVmR VREUH DVSHFWRV WpFQLFRV HFRQ{PLFRV H VRFLDLV GR
DJURQHJyFLRGDPDFDGkPLD3UHWHQGHWDPEpPDQDOLVDURVHXSRWHQFLDOHRVGHVD¿RVFRORFDGRVDRV
DWRUHVHQYROYLGRV3DUDWDQWRRDUWLJRSDUWHGHXPDUHYLVmRELEOLRJUi¿FDHpFRPSOHPHQWDGRSRUXP
estudo empírico. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos junto a representantes da empresa Queen Nut
TXHGHWpPFHUFDGHGDSURGXomREUDVLOHLUDSRVVXLDQRVGHH[SHULrQFLDHKiDQRVDWXD
H[SRUWDQGRPDFDGkPLD7DPEpPIRUDPFROHWDGDVLQIRUPDo}HVMXQWRDUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGD$VVRFLDomR
%UDVLOHLUD GH 1R] 0DFDGkPLD $%0 2 DJURQHJyFLR GD PDFDGkPLD GHVWDFDVH FRPR DWLYLGDGH
SURPLVVRUDFRPYLVWDVDRPHUFDGRH[WHUQR$SHVDUGHUHSUHVHQWDUDSHQDVGRFRQVXPRGHWRGDVDV
DPrQGRDVHPWHUPRVPXQGLDLVKiXPDGHPDQGDFUHVFHQWH1R%UDVLODLQGDpSRXFRFRQKHFLGDPDV
no mercado internacional é muito apreciada.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:1R]0DFDGkPLD$JURQHJyFLR6LOYLFXOWXUD'HVD¿R3RWHQFLDO

INTRODUÇÃO

2VXFHVVRGRHPSUHHQGLPHQWRQDH[SORUDomRDJUtFRODDWXDOPHQWHWHPH[LJLGRSURGXWRUHVFRPSHWHQWHV
e capazes de obter safras satisfatórias. A macadâmia é uma cultura que a rentabilidade está diretamente
DVVRFLDGDFRPDTXDOLGDGHSRULVVRIDWRUHVFRPRFRQGLo}HVHGDIRFOLPiWLFDVRFOLPDDWHPSHUDWXUD
RWLSRGHVRORRYHQWRHDSUHFLSLWDomRSOXYLDOIDYRUiYHLVFXLGDGRVGHSODQHMDPHQWRHPDQHMR
YDULHGDGHVLPSODQWDGDVFRQWUROHGHSUDJDVQXWULomRGDVSODQWDVFROKHLWDHSyVFROKHLWDVmRSRQWRV
muito importantes para o bom desenvolvimento da cultura macadâmia. O bom desenvolvimento em
FOLPDWURSLFDOHVXEWURSLFDOFUHGHQFLDR%UDVLOFRPRXPGRVSULQFLSDLVSDtVHVSDUDDH[SDQVmRGD
cultura.

3RURXWURODGRGHVGHPHDGRVGDGpFDGDGHDSDUWLUGDFULDomRGR3URJUDPDGH)RUWDOHFLPHQWR
GD$JULFXOWXUD)DPLOLDU3521$)RHVWDGRWHPSURFXUDGRDPSOLDUDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHLQVHUomR
SDUD HVWHV DJULFXOWRUHV 1HVWH VHQWLGR D FXOWXUD GD PDFDGkPLD SRXFR H[LJHQWH HP WHUPRV GH iUHD
SURGXWLYD H LQWHQVD QR XVR GH PmR GH REUD SRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGD XPD SRWHQFLDO DOWHUQDWLYD SDUD
integrar os sistemas de produção de diversos agricultores familiares brasileiros.

(VWHWUDEDOKRWHPFRPRREMHWLYRFRQWULEXLUSDUDDGLVFXVVmRVREUHDVSHFWRVWpFQLFRVHFRQ{PLFRVH
VRFLDLVGRDJURQHJyFLRGDPDFDGkPLD3UHWHQGHWDPEpPDQDOLVDUVHXSRWHQFLDOHRVGHVD¿RVFRORFDGRV
DRVDWRUHVHQYROYLGRV3DUDWDQWRRDUWLJRSDUWHGHXPDUHYLVmRELEOLRJUi¿FDHpFRPSOHPHQWDGRSRU
XPHVWXGRHPStULFR'HDFRUGRFRP%RXUGLHXQRVHVWXGRVVREUHRVPHUFDGRVDVHVWUDWpJLDV

______________________________
*UDGXDQGRHP7HFQRORJLDHP$JURQHJyFLRGD)DFXOGDGHGH7HFQRORJLDGH7DTXDULWLQJDQDWLRL#KRWPDLOFRP
21
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

GRVJUXSRVGRPLQDQWHVHGDVRUJDQL]Do}HVGHLQWHUHVVHVFROHWLYRVGHVWHVJUXSRVVmRGHIXQGDPHQWDO
LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD R HQWHQGLPHQWR GD HVWUXWXUD GH XP PHUFDGR SDUWLFXODU 6HJXQGR DV RULHQWDo}HV
GH %RXUGLHX QR HVWXGR HPStULFR FROHWDPRV GDGRV MXQWR D UHSUHVHQWDQWHV GD HPSUHVD 4XHHQ 1XW
TXHGHWpPFHUFDGHGDSURGXomREUDVLOHLUDSRVVXLDQRVGHH[SHULrQFLDHKiDQRVDWXD
H[SRUWDQGRPDFDGkPLD7DPEpPIRUDPFROHWDGDVLQIRUPDo}HVMXQWRDUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGD$VVRFLDomR
%UDVLOHLUDGH1R]0DFDGkPLD$%0

Aspectos técnicos de produção

A noz macadâmia é nativa da Austrália e pertencente á família 3URWHDFHDDSUHVHQWDTXDWURHVSpFLHV

PDVDSHQDVGXDVHVSpFLHVVHGHVWDFDP$0DFDGkPLDLQWHJULIyOLDpD~QLFDSODQWDGDFRPHUFLDOPHQWH
e a 0DFDGkPLDWHWUDSK\ODTXHpXWLOL]DGDFRPRSRUWDHQ[HUWR6HJXQGR'LHUEHUJHU 0DULQR1HWWR
DVRXWUDVHVSpFLHVQmRVmRFRPHVWtYHLVGHYLGRjSUHVHQoDGHXPJOLFRVtGHRFLDQRJrQLFRH
SURWHDFLQD$LQGDVHJXQGR'LHUEHUJHU 0DULQR1HWWRGHVGHWHPSRVLPHPRULDLVRVDERUtJHQHV
australianos consumiam a macadâmia e a consideravam um alimento delicioso e de alto valor nutritivo.

2VIUXWRVVmRJORERVRVHGHFRUYHUGHHVFXUD$DPrQGRDpHQYROWDSRUXPDQR]PXLWRGXUDGHFRU
FDVWDQKDTXHQHFHVVLWDGHXPDSDUHOKR³TXHEUDQR]´SDUDVHXURPSLPHQWR$VQR]HVSRGHPYDULDUHP
VXDFRORUDomRGHVGHEUDQFRFUHPHDWpWRQVDPDUHODGRV

$DPrQGRDSRGHVHUFRQVXPLGDFUXDWRUUDGDRXIULWDVDOJDGDRXFDUDPHOL]DGDHDLQGDFRPRFREHUWXUD
GHFRQIHLWRVDFKRFRODWDGRVHVRUYHWHVeWDPEpPXWLOL]DGDFRPRLQJUHGLHQWHGHELVFRLWRVHERORV
EDVHSDUDyOHRVFRVPpWLFRVHSURGXWRVIDUPDFrXWLFRV$¿JXUDPRVWUDDGLYHUVLGDGHGDFDGHLDGH
produção da macadâmia.

0DVKiDOJXPDVUHVWULo}HVSDUDDSURGXomRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGDPDFDGkPLDFRPRDIDOWDGHLQVXPRV
DJUtFRODVHVSHFt¿FRVDGL¿FXOGDGHGDSURGXomRGHVXSULUDGHPDQGDHRHOHYDGRWHPSRSDUDRUHWRUQR
do investimento.

)LJXUD$FDGHLDSURGXWLYDGDPDFDGkPLD±3ROWURQLHULHWDO
22
 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

'HDFRUGRFRP'LHUEHUJHU 0DULQR1HWWRRVRORSDUDDSURGXomRGHPDFDGkPLDGHYHVHU

EHPGUHQDGRSDUDSHUPLWLUDSHQHWUDomRGDVUDt]HVFRPXPDSURIXQGLGDGHPtQLPDGHFHQWtPHWURV
HRS+GHYHPDQWHUVHHQWUH

$VWHPSHUDWXUDVLGHDLVVHJXQGR6mR-RVpVLWXDPVHHQWUHƒ&Dƒ&SRUpPQDpSRFDGD

ÀRUDGDMXQKRDVHWHPEURpLGHDOTXHKDMDWHPSHUDWXUDVQRWXUQDVTXHVHMDPGHƒ&Dƒ&

$ SUHFLSLWDomR SOXYLRPpWULFD WDPEpP p PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD pSRFD GD ÀRUDomR H
IUXWL¿FDomR2VPHOKRUHVORFDLVSDUDRSODQWLRGHYHPDSUHVHQWDUSOXYLRVLGDGHDQXDOHQWUHPP
H PP SRUpP D SUiWLFD GH LUULJDomR HP ORFDLV PDLV VHFRV WHP SRVVLELOLWDGR R SODQWLR GH
PDFDGkPLDHPGLYHUVDViUHDV62%,(5$-6.,et al

'LHUEHUJHU 0DULQR1HWWRDOHUWDVREUHRVYHQWRVTXHSUHMXGLFDPVHYHUDPHQWHDPDFDGkPLD

SRUTXHSRGHRFDVLRQDURWRPEDPHQWRGDVSODQWDV6HQGRHVWHRPDLVVpULRLQLPLJRGDPDFDGkPLD
aconselha-se a instalação de quebra-ventos bem planejados.

$ SURGXomR FRPHUFLDO HP iUYRUHV HQ[HUWDGDV LQLFLDVH DSyV TXDWUR DQRV GH LQVWDODomR GR SRPDU
H[LVWHP SHVTXLVDV SDUD TXH D SURGXomR LQLFLH D SDUWLU GR ƒ DQR SRUpP VHJXQGR HVSHFLDOLVWD R
UHQGLPHQWRGHVWDSURGXomRpPXLWREDL[R

Para aumentar o pegamento das nozes é recomendado que os plantios comerciais sejam compostos
SRUGXDVRXWUrVYDULHGDGHVGLIHUHQWHVSDUDIDYRUHFHUDLQWHUSROLQL]DomR$VQR]HVVmRFROKLGDVGH
MDQHLURDMXQKRDSyVTXHGDQDWXUDOGRVIUXWRV62%,(5$-6.,(7$/DSXG&(5('$ '(
0$5&+,$/0(,'$1(72

'HDFRUGRFRP$OPHLGD1HWRDSURGXWLYLGDGHGHSHQGHGDVYDULHGDGHVHGRDGHQVDPHQWRGR

SODQWLRPDVHVWLPDVHTXHXPSRPDUHPSOHQDSURGXomRDSyVGR]HDQRVGHSODQWLRRVFLOHHQWUH
NJHNJGHQR]iUYRUHSHUPDQHFHQGRSURGXWLYRSRUDWpDQRV

Porém segundo Sobierajski et alDSURGXWLYLGDGHPpGLDGRVSURGXWRUHVSDXOLVWDVSRGHYDULDU

HQWUHHNJGHQR]HVHPFDVFDSRUiUYRUHVDGXOWDGHSHQGHQGRGDYDULHGDGHHGRVWUDWRVFXOWXUDLV

8PDGDVIRUPDVGHUHGX]LURVFXVWRVGDLPSODQWDomRHPDQXWHQomRGRVSRPDUHVHREWHUXPUHWRUQR
HFRQ{PLFRDQWHFLSDGRpXWLOL]DUVHGRFRQVyUFLRFRPRXWUDVFXOWXUDV'HSHQGHQGRGDGHQVLGDGHR
SODQWLRSHUPLWHFXOWLYRVLQWHUFDODUHVFRPFXOWXUDVDQXDLVRXSHUHQHVGHSRUWHSHTXHQRHPpGLRFRP
SURGXomRUiSLGDFRPRRPLOKRIHLMmRPDPmRPDUDFXMiRXFDIp62%,(5$-6.,(7$/DSXG
0$5,121(772

1DTXHVWmRGRVGHIHQVLYRVDJUtFRODVQmRH[LVWHPPXLWRVSURGXWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDDPDFDGkPLD1R
HQWDQWRGLYHUVDVGDVSUDJDVTXHDWDFDPDPDFDGkPLDWDPEpPDWDFDPRXWUDVFXOWXUDVPDLVSRSXODUHV
FRPRDODUDQMD8WLOL]DPVHHQWmRDOJXQVGRVPHVPRVGHIHQVLYRVTXHVmRXVDGRVSDUDHVWDVFXOWXUDV
(QWUHWDQWRQmRH[LVWHXPDDXWRUL]DomROHJDOGR0LQLVWpULRGD$JULFXOWXUDSDUDRXVRGHVVHVGHIHQVLYRV
QRFDVRGDPDFDGkPLD'HVVHPRGRHOHVVmRXWLOL]DGRV³LOHJDOPHQWH´

23
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

Aspectos econômicos do agronegócio da macadâmia

$H[SDQVmRPXQGLDOGDFXOWXUDRFRUUHXSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDGpFDGDGHUHVXOWDGRGRLQWHUHVVHGRV
SURGXWRUHVSHODGLYHUVL¿FDomRGHFXOWXUDVHPEXVFDGHQRYRVPHUFDGRVSURPLVVRUHV3RUWUDWDUVHGH
XPDQR]GHDOWRYDORUQRPHUFDGRH[WHUQRFKDPRXDDWHQomRGHLQYHVWLGRUHVLQWHUHVVDGRVHPVXD
H[SRUWDomR&RPXPLQYHVWLPHQWRLQLFLDOGH5PLORDJURQHJyFLRWRUQDVHDWUDWLYRSDUDSHTXHQRV
SURGXWRUHVSRUpPRSRQWRQHJDWLYRpRWHPSRGHUHWRUQRGRFDSLWDOLQLFLDOTXHDFRQWHFHDSDUWLUGR
RLWDYRDQRGHFXOWLYR-RUQDOGR&RPpUFLR6HJXQGRRUHSUHVHQWDQWHGD$VVRFLDomR%UDVLOHLUD
GH0DFDGkPLD3HGUR7ROHGR3L]DRIDWXUDPHQWRPpGLRDQXDOSRUKHFWDUHpGH5PLO

$SHVDUGRJUDQGHDXPHQWRGDSURFXUDSHODPDFDGkPLDHODDLQGDUHSUHVHQWDXPDSHTXHQDSDUFHODGR
PHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGDVQR]HVHRFRQVXPRPXQGLDOGHPDFDGkPLDpUHVWULWRUHSUHVHQWDDSHQDV
HQWUHDVQR]HV0DVRXVRSHODLQG~VWULDpFUHVFHQWHYLVWRTXHSRGHVHUFRQVXPLGDLQQDWXUDRXHP
DOLPHQWRVSURFHVVDGRVSDUDIDEULFDomRGHERORVGDSURGXomRPXQGLDOSURFHVVDGDELVFRLWRV
FKRFRODWHVHVRUYHWHV$PDLRUSDUWHGDSURGXomRGRVSULQFLSDLVSDtVHVSURGXWRUHV
pH[SRUWDGDjH[FHomRGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHpRSULQFLSDOFRQVXPLGRUHTXHUHFRUUHDRPHUFDGR
H[WHUQRSDUDVXSULUVXDGHPDQGD62%,(5$-6.,(7$/apud 67(3+(1621

Segundo Sobierajski et al  apud :25/' +257,&8/785$/ 75$'(  86 (;3257
2325781,7,(6D$XVWUiOLDpRSULQFLSDOSDtVH[SRUWDGRUFRPFHUFDGHGHVXDSURGXomR
GHVWLQDGDDRPHUFDGRH[WHUQR2V(VWDGRV8QLGRVVmRRVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODVHJXQGDPDLRUSURGXomR
HSHORPDLRUFRQVXPR*XDWHPDODH&RVWD5LFDVmRRVSULQFLSDLVSURGXWRUHVGD$PpULFD&HQWUDOH
juntos representam o terceiro maior pólo produtor de macadâmia.

(PYLVLWDUHFHQWHDÈIULFDGR6XORHQJHQKHLURDJU{QRPR/HRQDUGR0RUL\DJHUHQWHDJUtFRODGD
HPSUHVD4XHHQ1XW0DFDGDPLDUHYHODTXHDÈIULFDGR6XOYDLVXSHUDUDSURGXomRGD$XVWUiOLDH
TXHR+DZDLLTXHDWpVHLVDQRVDWUiVHUDTXHPGRPLQDYDRPHUFDGRHVWiSHUGHQGRPHUFDGRSRLVVmV
SODQWDVMiHVWmRDQWLJDVHHVWiQRPRPHQWRGHID]HUDUHSRVLomRGHVWDVSODQWDVSRUpPRVSURGXWRUHV
KDYDLDQRVHVWmRFRPGL¿FXOGDGH

2PHUFDGRFRQVXPLGRUHPHUDUHSUHVHQWDGRSHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVFRPRSULQFLSDOPHUFDGR
 VHJXLGRV SHOR -DSmR  (XURSD  &KLQD $XVWUiOLD 1RYD =HOkQGLD  H
6XGRHVWH$VLiWLFR2FRQVXPRPXQGLDOGHPDFDGkPLDHPDSUHVHQWDFUHVFLPHQWRGH
HPUHODomRDHVyQmRIRLPDLRUSHODLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGRVSURGXWRUHVUHDJLUHPUDSLGDPHQWHDR
DXPHQWRGDGHPDQGD62%,(5$-6., apud72/('2 3,=$ 6HJXQGRRHQJHQKHLUR
DJU{QRPR /HRQDUGR 0RUL\D GD HPSUHVD 4XHHQ 1XW XPD HPSUHVD QDFLRQDO GH FKRFRODWHV WHULD
LQWHUHVVHHPIDEULFDUXPQRYRVDERUGHFKRFRODWHFRPPDFDGkPLDVSRUpPHVWHQRYRVDERUVySRGH
VHUDSUHFLDGRHPXPDHGLomROLPLWDGDSRLVDRIHUWDGHPDFDGkPLDQmRDWHQGLDDJUDQGHGHPDQGD
H[LJLGDSHODHPSUHVD

(P  R %UDVLO VH HQFRQWUDYD HP VH[WR OXJDU QD SURGXomR PXQGLDO GH PDFDGkPLD FRP 
WDQR SURFHVVDGD HP FRPSDUDomR D$XVWUiOLD SURFHVVD  W DQR 62%,(5$-6.,  DSXG
$VVRFLDomR %UDVLOHLUD GH 1R] 0DFDGkPLD ± $%0 $LQGD GH DFRUGR FRP D $%0 HP  R
FUHVFLPHQWRGDSURGXomRGHPDFDGkPLDIRLGHHPUHODomRDRDQRDQWHULRUHGDSURGXomR

24
 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

QDFLRQDOpH[SRUWDGD

De acordo com Sobierajski et al  apud 2¶&RQQRU  D QR] YHP VHQGR FXOWLYDGD HP
YiULRV HVWDGRV EUDVLOHLURV GHVWDFDQGRVH DV iUHDV GRV (VWDGRV GH 6mR 3DXOR  (VStULWR 6DQWR
H5LRGH-DQHLUR$VYDULHGDGHVKDYDLDQDVUHSUHVHQWDPGDQR]SODQWDGDQR%UDVLO
HQTXDQWRDVRXWUDVVmRYDULHGDGHVGHVHQYROYLGDVSHOR,$&

62%,(5$-6.,et alapud 0$57,1PRVWUDTXHDOpPGRWRWDOGHSURGXomRGHQR]HV

RXWUDPHGLGDLPSRUWDQWHSDUDDFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGDPDFDGkPLDpDGHQRPLQDGD7D[DGH5HFXSHUDomR
75 3HVRDPrQGRDV3HVRQR][TXHUHSUHVHQWDDSRUFHQWDJHPGHDPrQGRDVREWLGDVDSyV
REHQH¿FLDPHQWR$UHOHYkQFLDGDWD[DGHUHFXSHUDomRSDUDRVSURGXWRUHVUHODFLRQDVHFRPRIDWR
GHRVSUHoRVUHFHELGRVSHORVSURGXWRUHVGDPDFDGkPLD³HPQR]´VHUHPGHWHUPLQDGRVHPIXQomRGR
UHQGLPHQWRHPDPrQGRDVGDSRUFHQWDJHPGHDPrQGRDVLQWHLUDVHGHVXDTXDOLGDGHHPUHODomRDR
WHRUGHyOHRHDo~FDU

6HJXQGR6RELHUDMVNL apud7ROHGR3L]DDWD[DGHUHFXSHUDomR75EUDVLOHLUDDXPHQWRX

SDUDSDUDDPrQGRDLVVRRFRUUHXSHODDGRomRGHERDVSUiWLFDVQDFROKHLWDHSyVFROKHLWD2SUHoR
SDJRDRSURGXWRUFDLXGH86HPSDUD86HPSRULVVRPXLWRVSURGXWRUHV
UHVROYHUDPDEULUVXDVSUySULDVIiEULFDVTXHDWHQGHPDGHPDQGDUHJLRQDOQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR
HVWiORFDOL]DGDDPDLRULDGHVWDVSHTXHQDVSURFHVVDGRUDV$VHJXLURJUi¿FRGHPRQVWUDSURGXomR
KLVWyULFDGRVSDtVHVSURGXWRUHVGHPDFDGkPLDDWpRDQRGHHRJUi¿FRRSUHoRSDJRDR
SURGXWRUGXUDQWHRVDQRVGHDQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVH$XVWUiOLD

*5È),&23URGXomR+LVWyULFDGRV3ULQFLSDLV3DtVHV3URGXWRUHVGH0DFDGkPLD
)RQWHHODERUDGRDSDUWLUGH6RELHUDMVNLet alapud 7ROHGR3L]D

25
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

*5È),&23UHoR5HFHELGRSHOR3URGXWRUGH0DFDGkPLDHP1R]$XVWUiOLDH
(VWDGRV8QLGRVD
)RQWHHODERUDGRDSDUWLUGH6RELHUDMVNL et al apud 7ROHGR3L]D

Aspectos sociais: os atores e a organização social do agronegócio da Macadâmia

'HDFRUGRFRPRVGDGRVGR/HYDQWDPHQWR&HQVLWiULRGH8QLGDGHVGH3URGXomR$JURSHFXiULD/83$
revelam que há um alto nível de instrução formal dos produtores de macadâmia. O imóvel rural
FRQVWLWXtDORFDOGHUHVLGrQFLDHPDSHQDVGDV8QLGDGHVGH3URGXomR$JURSHFXiULD83$VVHQGR
TXHHQWUHDTXHOHVTXHQmRUHVLGLDPSRVVXtDPQtYHOXQLYHUVLWiULR(PWHUPRVGHLQIUDHVWUXWXUD
HPGDV83$VRFRPSXWDGRUHUDXWLOL]DGRFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRGHJHUHQFLDPHQWRQDVDWLYLGDGHV
DJURSHFXiULDV2EVHUYDVHTXHDXWLOL]DomRGHDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDpXPKiELWRGRSURGXWRUVHQGRTXH
XWLOL]DPWDQWRDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDSULYDGDTXDQWRJRYHUQDPHQWDOXVDPDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFD
SULYDGDDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDJRYHUQDPHQWDOHDSHQDVQmRXWLOL]DPDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFD

3RGHVHFRQFOXLUHQWmRTXHRVSURGXWRUHVGHPDFDGkPLDJHUDOPHQWHH[HUFHPXPDSUR¿VVmRSRVVXHP
iUHDVSDUDSODQWLRPDVTXHUHPGLIHUHQFLDUGDVFXOWXUDVPDLVFRPXQVFRPRDODUDQMDHDFDQDGH
Do~FDUQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR3DUDDDJULFXOWXUDIDPLOLDUDPDFDGkPLDVHGHVWDFDSRUGHPDQGDU
XPDSHTXHQDiUHDSDUDDVXDSURGXomRHSRUVHUXPDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHGLYHUVL¿FDomRSRUpPRDOWR
FXVWR GH LPSODQWDomR D OHQWLGmR SDUD R UHWRUQR GR LQYHVWLPHQWR H D FDUrQFLD GH OLQKDV GH FUpGLWR
TXDVHLPSRVVLELOLWDDDJULFXOWXUDIDPLOLDUQDSURGXomRGHPDFDGkPLD32/7521,(5,1mR
há inventivo governamental direto para o cultivo de macadâmia. Leonardo Moriya revela que na
UHJLmRGH-D~DPDLRUSURGXWRUDGDFXOWXUDQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORQmRKi¿QDQFLDPHQWRHVSHFt¿FR
SDUDRSURGXWRUGHPDFDGkPLDGLIHUHQWHGDODUDQMDHGDFDQDGHDo~FDUTXHSRVVXHP¿QDQFLDPHQWR
SUySULR0HVPRQmRKDYHQGRXP¿QDQFLDPHQWRHVSHFt¿FRpSRVVtYHOFRPHoDUDSURGX]LUPDFDGkPLD

26
 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

se o produtor apresentar um plano de negócio viável para alguma instituição bancária. Há linhas de
¿QDQFLDPHQWRSDUDDVLOYLFXOWXUDWDQWRSDUDDDJULFXOWXUDSDWURQDOFRPRSDUDDIDPLOLDUQDTXDOR
cultivo da macadâmia poderia ser enquadrado.

6HJXQGR62%,(5$-6.,et alHPGXUDQWHRƒ(QFRQWURGRV3URGXWRUHVGH0DFDGkPLD

UHDOL]DGRHP'RLV&yUUHJRV(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORIRLIXQGDGDD$VVRFLDomRGRV3URGXWRUHVGH1R]
Macadâmia do Estado de São Paulo (APROMESP). A APROMESP realizou encontros anuais sempre
FRPDSUHVHQoDGHHVSHFLDOLVWDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHSDUFHULDVFRPyUJmRVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVHXQLYHUVLGDGHV
YLVDQGRRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDFXOWXUDQR%UDVLO(PMDQHLURGHD$3520(63IRLWUDQVIRUPDGD
HP$VVRFLDomR%UDVLOHLUDGH1R]0DFDGkPLD$%0FRPSRVWDSRUWRGRVRVVHJPHQWRVHQYROYLGRV
QRDJURQHJyFLRGDQR]QR3DtV$WXDOPHQWHD$%0WHPDVVRFLDGRVFRPSURSULHGDGHVHPYiULRV
HVWDGRVEUDVLOHLURVHMXQWRVUHSUHVHQWDPGDSURGXomRQDFLRQDO$$%0SRVVXLYiULRVSURMHWRVGH
pesquisa em andamento e atua por meio de grupos de trabalho.

$LQGD VHJXQGR 62%,(5$-6., et al  D &RRSHUDWLYD$JURLQGXVWULDO GRV 3URGXWRUHV GH 1R]
0DFDGkPLD&2230$&ORFDOL]DGDQR(VWDGRGR(VStULWR6DQWRIRLIXQGDGDHP$&2230$&
QmRDGTXLUHPDFDGkPLDGHWHUFHLURVDVXDIXQomRpUHFHEHUVHFDUEHQH¿FLDUFODVVL¿FDUHFRPHUFLDOL]DU
RSURGXWR2SURGXWRUQmRpUHPXQHUDGRSHODSURGXomRGHQR]³HPFDVFD´PDVSHODTXDQWLGDGHGH
DPrQGRDSURGX]LGDHSHORYDORUDOFDQoDGRQRPHUFDGR$&2230$&WHPFRPRREMHWLYRYLDELOL]DU
DVH[SRUWDo}HVGDQR]GRVVHXVDVVRFLDGRVSDUDRPHUFDGRDPHULFDQRHHXURSHXQDIRUPDLQQDWXUD

$PDLRUEHQH¿FLDGRUDGR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORpDHPSUHVD4XHHQ1XWORFDOL]DGDQRPXQLFtSLRGH
'RLV&yUUHJRV)XQGDGDHPD4XHHQ1XW0DFDGkPLDDWXDQRVHWRUGHVGHDSURGXomRGHPXGDV
DWpQDHQWUHJDGRSURGXWR¿QDOQRPHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHXPDSHTXHQDSDUFHODQRPHUFDGR
QDFLRQDO$WXDOPHQWHD4XHHQ1XWSURFHVVDWDQRPDVWHPFDSDFLGDGHSDUDSURFHVVDUWDQR

CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS

$SHVDUGHDLQGDVHUSRXFRFRQKHFLGRRDJURQHJyFLRGDPDFDGkPLDWHPGHPDQGDFUHVFHQWH&RP
YLVWDVDRPHUFDGRH[WHUQRDSURGXomRQR%UDVLOpTXDVHH[SRUWDGD2VXFHVVRGRLQYHVWLPHQWR
GHSHQGHGDTXDOLGDGHGRSURGXWR2SHUtRGRGHUHWRUQRGHFDSLWDOpHOHYDGRSRUpPFRPSHQVDGRU
As linhas de crédito rural são historicamente oferecidas por produtos ou para aquisição de maquinas
H HTXLSDPHQWRV RX SDUD D FRPHUFLDOL]DomR GD SURGXomR e XP GHVD¿R SDUD RV DJULFXOWRUHV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHRVGHQRPLQDGRVIDPLOLDUHVFRQVHJXLUGHVHQYROYHUXPSURMHWRSDUDDLPSODQWDomRGD
FXOWXUDGD0DFDGkPLDSRLVWUDWDVHGHXPSURMHWRGHORQJRSUD]RTXHSRGHHQYROYHUDVSHFWRVTXH
H[WUDSRODP D TXHVWmR HFRQ{PLFD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR D VXFHVVmR JHUDFLRQDO H D FRQWLQXLGDGH GDV
DWLYLGDGHVDJURSHFXiULDV2SHU¿OGLIHUHQFLDGRGRSURGXWRUGHPDFDGkPLDLQGLFDDLPSRUWkQFLDGR
FDSLWDOFXOWXUDOSDUDDTXHOHVTXHLQJUHVVDPHPDWLYLGDGHVLQRYDGRUDVHH[LJHQWHVHPSODQHMDPHQWR
uma vez que é necessário dominar tanto os aspectos técnicos como de mercado para que o sucesso
GD DWLYLGDGH RFRUUD 2 HVWXGR VXJHUH D LPSRUWkQFLD GH LQYHVWLPHQWRV HP SHVTXLVDV PDUNHWLQJ H
WUHLQDPHQWRSDUDRVQRYRVSURGXWRUHVHVREUHWXGRLQIRUPDomRDRVDJULFXOWRUHVSDUDTXHHVWDVOKHV
GrHPVXSRUWHQDVWRPDGDVGHGHFLV}HV(VWHWUDEDOKRVHSURS{VDFRQWULEXLUSULQFLSDOPHQWHQHVWH
aspecto.

27
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

ABSTRACT

7KLV DUWLFOH DLPV WR FRQWULEXWH WR WKH GLVFXVVLRQ RQ WHFKQLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO DJULEXVLQHVV
PDFDGDPLD QXWV ,W DOVR VHHNV WR HYDOXDWH LWV SRWHQWLDO DQG FKDOOHQJHV WR WKH DFWRUV LQYROYHG
7KHUHIRUHWKLVDUWLFOHLVSDUWRIDOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZDQGLVFRPSOHPHQWHGE\DQHPSLULFDOVWXG\7KH
GDWDZHUHREWDLQHGIURPFRPSDQ\UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV4XHHQ1XWWKDWKROGVDERXWRIWKH%UD]LOLDQ
KDV\HDUVH[SHULHQFHDQG\HDUVH[SRUWLQJPDFDGDPLDDFWV:HUHDOVRFROOHFWHGLQIRUPDWLRQ
IURPUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIWKH%UD]LOLDQ0DFDGDPLD1XW$%0$JULEXVLQHVVPDFDGDPLDVWDQGVRXW
DV SURPLVLQJ DFWLYLW\ ZLWK D YLHZ WR WKH PDUNHW$OWKRXJK WKH\UHSUHVHQW RQO\  RI FRQVXPSWLRQ
RIDOODOPRQGVLQWKHZRUOGWKHUHLVDJURZLQJGHPDQG,Q%UD]LOWKHUHLVOLWWOHNQRZQEXWLQWKH
LQWHUQDWLRQDOPDUNHWLVPXFKDSSUHFLDWHG

KEYWORDS:0DFDGDPLD$JULEXVLQHVV)RUHVWU\&KDOOHQJH3RWHQWLDO

REFERÊNCIAS

$/0(,'$1(72-GH7ROHGR3L]DH$FROKHLWDHREHQH¿FLDPHQWRGDPDFDGkPLD,Q6­2-26e
$5(G0DFDGkPLDWHFQRORJLDGHSURGXomRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomR9LWyULDGD&RQTXLVWD')=8(6%
S
$662&,$d­2%5$6,/(,5$'(0$&$'Æ0,$±$%0±YLVLWDDRUHSUHVHQWDQWHHPGH$JRVWR
GH
%285',(832&DPSR(FRQ{PLFRPolítica & SociedadeQSS
',(5%(5*(5-(0$5,121/1R]PDFDGkPLDuma nova opção para a fruticultura brasileira.
6mR3DXOR1REHO
(035(6$48((1187±YLVLWDiHPSUHVDHPGH$JRVWRGH
-251$/'2&20e5&,2±1R]PDFDGkPLDWHPGHPDQGD±±'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZ
VHEUDHVFFRPEUQRYRVBGHVWDTXHVRSRUWXQLGDGHGHIDXOWDVS"PDWHULD 
32/7521,(5, & ) /285(1=$1,$ ( % 6 6,/9$$ / 'HVD¿RV H 3RWHQFLDOLGDGHV GR
$JURQHJyFLRGD0DFDGkPLDQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR;/,,,&21*5(662'$62%(55LEHLUmR
3UHWR
6­2-26($50DFDGkPLD:WHFQRORJLDGHSURGXomRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomR9LWyULDGD&RQTXLVWD%D
')=8(6%
62%,(5$-6.,*GD5)5$1&,6&29/)GRV652&+$3*+,/$5',$$0$,$0
/1R]0DFDGkPLDSURGXomRPHUFDGRHVLWXDomRQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR,QIRUPDo}HV(FRQ{PLFDV
6mR3DXORYQS

28