Aula 9

A PERCEPÇÃO DAS CORES

META
Fazer que o estudante pense no ensino de ciências como algo “orgânico” que está em
profunda transformação;
Fazer com que os alunos percebam, através de uma atividade lúdica, que podemos ensinar
física através de experimentos muito simples, e que física é uma ciência aplicada e que
pode ser aprendida através da observação de vários dispositivos do nosso cotidiano;
Fazer com que os alunos percebam as aplicações da física no cotidiano e a
interdisciplinaridade entre a física, química e a biologia.

OBJETIVOS
$R¿QDOGHVWDDXODRDOXQRGHYHUi
HVWDUFLHQWHVGDVQRYDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVHGRVGHVD¿RVTXHHQYROYHPRHQVLQRGHFLrQFLDV
em geral;
4XHSDUDVHHQVLQDUItVLFDQmRSUHFLVDPRV¿FDUSUHVRVDROLYURGLGiWLFR
- Que se ensinar através de exemplos reais (experimentais) pode ser muito mais
interessante, assimilativo e divertido;
- Que ensinar física não é ensinar a resolver problemas e que a física é uma mera aplicação
da matemática.

PRÉ-REQUISITOS
Os alunos deveram ter cursado as disciplinas de Psicologia da Educação, Física A, B e C.

Vera Lucia Martins de Mello

 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

INTRODUÇÃO

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cores em três aspectos.

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IRJHiFRPSHWrQFLDHLQWHUHVVHGRVItVLFRV)DUHPRVQRHQWDQWRXPDUiSLGD
discussão sobre o tema.
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SDSHOQDDUWH2VPiJLFRVLOXVLRQLVWDVDVVLPFRPRRVGLUHWRUHVGHFLQHPD
ID]HPGRXVRGHVWHVHOHPHQWRVVXDFLrQFLD)DODQGRGHXPDIRUPDHPStULFD
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UHVSHLWRiUHODomRGDVFRUHVFRPDVSURSULHGDGHVGDOX]HPDLVJHUDOPHQWH
FRPDVSURSULHGDGHVGRHVSHFWURHOHWURPDJQpWLFReQHVVHFRQWH[WRTXH
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GDVFRUHViVSURSULHGDGHVGDOX]
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podem ser entendidas a partir de determinadas propriedades físicas dos
mesmos.

180
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
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A PERCEPÇÃO DAS CORES

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ótico até o córtex.
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181
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

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IDTIDTIDTBWH[WKWPO

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PLOK}HVGHEDVWRQHWHVHXPQ~PHURPHQRUGHFRQHVFHUFDGHFLQFR

182
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
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funções distintas no mecanismo da visão.

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cones como nos bastonetes. Os níveis dessas reações são dependentes da
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Cones Ⱥj9LVmRDFRUHV

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7HODGHIyVIRUR(\HSLHFH

183
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

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HTXHDVVRFLDPRViVFRUHV

184
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
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intervalo entre 400nm até 700nm. Outros animais podem ser sensíveis a
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A FISIOLOGIA DA VISÃO BINOCULAR

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185
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

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PRQRFXODUHVµWDLVFRPRDVGH

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HiUHDVGRVPDLVGLVWDQWHV
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PRVPHQRUHVSDUDRVGRVPDLVGLVWDQWHV
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FRPRGLVWDQFLDPHQWR
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SUy[LPRVFRPGHVORFDPHQWRVDSDUHQWHVPDLVUiSLGRV

FISIOLOGIA E PERCEPÇÃO

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DRV QRVVRV ROKRV (VWD LQIRUPDomR HVWi FRGLÀFDGD QmR QR VHQWLGR GD
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QRWHPSR
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A visão pode ser de acordo com a luminosidade: fotópica ou escotópica:

)RWySLFD PRGR GH YLVmR QRUPDO TXDQGR VmR LOXPLQDGRV SRU

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periférica da retina.

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UHJL}HVH[WHUQDVGRHVSHFWUR

186
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
Cor = comprimento de onda

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HPQRVVDSHUFHSomR(PXPDGDVIRUPDVGHFODVVLÀFDomRHPStULFDGDVFRUHV
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pXPDFRQVWUXomRDWLYDGRQRVVRVLVWHPDQHUYRVR2SVLFyORJRHÀOyVRIR
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PXLWRGRTXHSHQVDPRVYHURXRXYLUpGHIDWRVXSULGRSHODQRVVDPHPyULDµ

ILUSÕES: SENSORIAIS, QUÍMICAS E COGNITIVAS

(PERUDDVLOXV}HVYLVXDLVVHMDPDVPDLVHVWXGDGDVHODVH[LVWHPHP
RXWUDVPRGDOLGDGHVVHQVRULDLVFRPRDXGLomRWDWRROIDomRHJXVWDomR1R
FDVRGDVLOXV}HVYLVXDLVPXLWDVYH]HVVmRGHQRPLQDGDVJHQpULFDHLPSUH-
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GDOX]SHODLQWHUIDFHiJXDDU9HUÀJXUDDEDL[R

187
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

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UDo}HVGLVWLQWDVGHPDLVFDXVDPXPDYLEUDomRWRUQDQGRDERUGDHQWUHDV
FRUHVLPSUHFLVD9HMDÀJXUDVDEDL[R

$OHLWXUDGDLPDJHPOHYDHPFRQVLGHUDomRDVOLQKDVHDFRQVWUXomR
GDLPDJHPPHQWDOTXHpIHLWDDRVSRXFRV0&(VFKHUXWLOL]RXVHPXLWR
GHVWHIDWRUSHUFHSWLYRHPVXDVFRQVWUXo}HVJHRPpWULFDV9HUÀJXUDDEDL[R

188
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9

)LJXUD(UURGHSHUVSHFWLYDHPXPFXER0&(VFKHU

)LJXUD2QGHFRPHoDRXWHUPLQDDVSDWDVGRHOHIDQWH0&(VFKHU

2 GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR VLVWHPD yWLFR p DTXLOR TXH YDL GHWHUPLQDU D

TXDOLGDGHGDFDSWDomRGDLPDJHPDSDUWLUGHXPPHFDQLVPRELQRFXODU
RVHUKXPDQRWHPQRo}HVGHHVSDoRGLPHQV}HVFRUHVWH[WXUDVHWRGDD
JDPDGHGDGRVTXHLUmRFRPSRUDSHUFHSomRGHXPDLPDJHP
$UHWLQDQmRpSDVVLYDQRSURFHVVRGHYHUPDVDWXDKLHUDUTXL]DQGR
GHFRGLÀFDQGRFRPSOHPHQWDQGRGDGRVTXHLUmRFRPSRUDSHUFHSomR2
FpUHEURDSDUWLUGDVLQIRUPDo}HVREWLGDVGDUHWLQDFULDRTXHHQ[HUJDPRV
8PDLOXVmRFRJQLWLYDVXUJHGDGLVFUHSkQFLDHQWUHDVVROXo}HVSHUFHSWLYDV
JHUDGDVHPGXDVVLWXDo}HVGLIHUHQWHVDSDUWLUGHXPPHVPRREMHWR
1mRVHSRGHPFRQVLGHUDUDVLOXV}HVFRPRHUURVGHSHUFHSomRPDV
QDYHUGDGHWUDWDVHGHXPDRUJDQL]DomRGLIHUHQWHIHLWDSHORVPHFDQLVPRV
TXHFRQVWURHPRSHUFHSWR'HVFRQVLGHUDURIDWRUSVLFROyJLFRGDSHUFHS-
omRpQmRFRQVLGHUDUTXHDWpQRVVDSHUFHSomRGHHVSDoRHWHPSRVRIUHGH
IRUPD GLUHWD LQÁXrQFLD GH HPRo}HV VHQWLPHQWRV RX HVWDGR GH HVStULWR
FRQGX]LQGRQRV SRU LOXV}HV GH IRUPD SURIXQGLGDGH FRU H PRYLPHQWR
8PSHUFHSWRpSDUWHFDSWDGRHSDUWHFRQVWUXtGR

189
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

OLHO COMPOSTO

2ROKRFRPSRVWRRXIDFHWDGRpSUySULRGRVLQVHWRVHGHDOJXQVDQLPDLV
PDULQKRV&DGDROKRFRPSRVWRpIRUPDGRSRUSHTXHQDVIDFHWDVUHFHSWRUDV
GHOX]FKDPDGDVRPDWtGLRV([DOLEpOXODRPDWtGLRVDPXWXFD
RPDWtGLRVDPRVFDRPDWtGLRVHDIRUPLJDVXEWHUUkQHDRPDWtGLRV

$ÀJXUDDFLPDRROKRFRPSRVWRGHXPLQVHWR
1DH[WUHPLGDGHGHFDGDRPDWtGLRHVWiDFyUQHDHORJRDEDL[RRFRQH
FULVWDOLQRTXHDWXDPFRPROHQWHVSDUDIRFDOL]DURVUDLRVOXPLQRVRVSDUDR
UDEGRPDHOHPHQWRIRWRVVHQVtYHO
&DGD RPDWtGLR FDSWD XPD LPDJHP GLPLQXWD GR FDPSR YLVXDO D VXD
IUHQWH TXH p WUDQVPLWLGD DWUDYpV GH ÀEUDV QHUYRVDV DWp R FpUHEUR RQGH
IRUPDMXQWDPHQWHFRPDVLPDJHQVGRVRXWURVRPDWtGLRVXPPRVDLFRTXH
pDLPDJHPJOREDO

DISPOSITIVO DIÓPTRICO
A córnea e o cone cristalino formam o dispositivo dióptrico e con-
VWLWXHPRHOHPHQWRIRFDOL]DGRUGDOX]
$FyUQHDpXPDOHQWHELFRQYH[DRXSODQRFRQYH[DJHUDOPHQWHVyOLGD
HWUDQVSDUHQWHFRPHVSHVVXUDGHDWpƬP
2FRQHFULVWDOLQRSRGHVHUVyOLGRRXOtTXLGRWUDQVSDUHQWHGHIRUPD
WULDQJXODUFRPEDVHORJRDEDL[RGDFyUQHDHRiSLFHHPFRQWDWRFRPDV
células fotossensíveis.

190
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9

)LJXUD²5DLRVLQFLGHQWHVUHÁHWLGRHUHIUDWDGR

$IRFDOL]DomRRFRUUHGHYLGRjPXGDQoDGHGLUHomRGHXPIHL[HOXPL-
noso.
(VVDSURSULHGDGHItVLFDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGDVRQGDVFKDPDVHUHIUDomR
4XDQGR XP UDLR OXPLQRVR SURSDJDQGRVH HP GHWHUPLQDGR PHLR
HQFRQWUDDVXSHUItFLHGHXPRXWURPHLRWUDQVSDUHQWHSDUWHGHOHSRGHVHU
UHÁHWLGDHSDUWHWUDQVPLWLGD2VUDLRVWUDQVPLWLGRVPXGDPGHGLUHomRLVWR
pVmRUHIUDWDGRV
2UDEGRPDVLWXDVHORJRDEDL[RGRFRQHFULVWDOLQRDRORQJRGRHL[R
GRRPDWtGLRFRPRLQGLFDDÀJXUDDEDL[RHPHGHGHDƬPGHFRP-
SULPHQWR(OHFRQWHPXPSLJPHQWRIRWRVVHQVtYHOTXHDEVRUYHIyWRQV$
DEVRUomRGDOX]pRSULPHLURSDVVRQDFDGHLDGRSURFHVVRYLVXDORXVHMD
GDIRUPDomRGDLPDJHP
$OX]TXHpIRFDOL]DGDSHORGLVSRVLWLYRGLySWULFRVREUHDH[WUHPLGDGH
GRUDEGRPDRDWUDYHVVDVRIUHQGRUHÁH[}HVLQWHUQDVHPVXDVSDUHGHV(VVDV
~OWLPDVIXQFLRQDPFRPRXPDLQWHUIDFHHQWUHGRLVPHLRVySWLFRVGLIHUHQWHV
HRUDEGRPDVHUYHGHJXLDGHRQGDOXPLQRVD

191
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

ACUIDADE VISUAL

$DFXLGDGHYLVXDOVLJQLÀFDDFDSDFLGDGHTXHRROKRSRVVXLSDUDGLVWLQ-
JXLUGRLVREMHWRVPXLWRSUy[LPRVFRPRGXDVHQWLGDGHVGLVWLQWDVHPYH]
GHXPDVy$DFXLGDGHYLVXDOGHXPDDEHOKDGRPpVWLFDHTXLYDOHDFHUFD
GHXPFHQWpVLPRGDDFXLGDGHKXPDQDHQTXDQWRTXHDGHXPDGURVyÀODp
GHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXPPLOpVLPR$H[SUHVVmRHP)tVLFDSDUDGHVLJQDUD
acuidade visual é o poder de resolução.

LUZ POLARIZADA
Experiências mostram uma característica interessante da visão dos
LQVHWRV$FDSDFLGDGHGHRULHQWDomRDWUDYpVGHSHUFHSomRGDOX]SRODUL]DGD
2HVWXGRGHPRQVWURXTXHPHVPRTXHRVROQmRIRVVHGLUHWDPHQWHYLVtYHOD
DEHOKDVHULDFDSD]GHRULHQWDUDVGHPDLVDEHOKDVSDUDRORFDORQGHHQFRQWURX
QpFWDULVWRPHVPRFRPXPSHTXHQRSHGDoRGHFpXD]XO

192
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
Como mencionado anteriormente as ondas luminosas são ondas trans-
Ⱥ
YHUVDLV²RQGDVGHYLEUDo}HVWUDQVYHUVDLVGRYHWRUFDPSRHOpWULFR(HGR
Ⱥ
YHWRUFDPSRPDJQpWLFR%
$ÀJXUDDEDL[RPRVWUDDSURSDJDomRGHXPYHWRUFDPSRHOpWULFRFXMD
Ⱥ
amplitude é E e o sentido é para a direita.

Ⱥ
)LJXUD  ² 2VFLODomR GH XP YHWRU FDPSR HOpWULFR ( )LJXUD²3RVVtYHLVRUL-
SHUSHQGLFXODUjGLUHomRGHSURSDJDomR entações do vetor campo
Ⱥ
elétrico E vistas de frente.

3RODUL]DUXPDRQGDOXPLQRVDVLJQLÀFDFRQVHJXLUREWHUYLEUDo}HVGRYH-
WRUFDPSRHOpWULFR(QXPD~QLFDGLUHomR,VVRSRGHVHUFRQVHJXLGRFRP
XPDIROKDGHSOiVWLFRFKDPDGDSRODUL]DGRUFRQWHQGRXPDORQJDFDGHLDGH
PDFURPROpFXODVRULHQWDGDVQXPD~QLFDGLUHomRTXHIRUPDRHL[RySWLFR
4XDQGR XP SRODUL]DGRU LQWHUFHSWD XPD RQGD OXPLQRVD FRQWHQGR
YLEUDo}HVGRYHWRUFDPSR(HPWRGDVDVGLUHo}HVVRPHQWHDVYLEUD-
o}HVDRORQJRGDRULHQWDomRPROHFXODUVmRWUDQVPLWLGDVHGL]VHTXHDOX]
HPHUJHQWHpSRODUL]DGD

VISÃO A CORES

$PDLRUSDUWHGRVREMHWRVHQFRQWUDGRVQDQDWXUH]DQmRVmROXPLQRVRV
SRUVLHVVHVREMHWRVDEVRUYHPXPDSDUWHHUHÁHWHPRXWUDSDUWHGDOX]TXH
LQFLGHVREUHHOHV$FRUGHXPREMHWRpGHWHUPLQDGDSHODFRPSRVLomRGD
OX]SRUHOHUHÁHWLGD2VREMHWRVYHUPHOKRVDEVRUYHPWRGRVRVUDLRVGRHV-
SHFWURYLVtYHOH[FHWRRVYHUPHOKRVLVWRpHVVHV~OWLPRVVmRUDLRVUHÁHWLGRV
2VREMHWRVYHUGHVDEVRUYHPRYHUPHOKRRD]XOHRYLROHWDHQTXDQWRTXH

193
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

RVREMHWRVDPDUHORVDEVRUYHPXPDHVWUHLWDIDL[DGRHVSHFWURYLVtYHOTXH
FRUUHVSRQGHDRD]XOYLROHWDHUHÁHWHPRVUDLRVYHUGHDPDUHORHDODUDQMDGR
4XDQGRXPDQLPDOGLVWLQJXHSRUH[HPSORRDPDUHORGRYHUGHLVVR
VLJQLÀFDTXHRROKRGHVVHDQLPDOpH[FLWDGRGHPRGRGLIHUHQWHSRUHVVDV
radiações. Entretanto não se sabe exatamente como isto ocorre. A reação do
DQLPDOjUDGLDomRGHGLIHUHQWHVFRPSULPHQWRVGHRQGDSRGHVHUHVWXGDGDGH
GXDVPDQHLUDVSHORFRPSULPHQWRHSHODVPXGDQoDVIXQFLRQDLVÀVLROyJLFDV
ELRTXtPLFDVRXKLVWROyJLFDVTXHRFRUUHPQRROKR
$IDL[DGHUDGLDomRHOHWURPDJQpWLFDSHUFHSWtYHOGRVLQVHWRVpGHVORFDGD
FRPUHODomRjGRVVHUHVKXPDQRVTXHpGHDc(PJHUDORV
LQVHWRVVmRFHJRVSDUDRYHUPHOKR$VÁRUHVYHUPHOKDVHPJHUDOQmRVmR
YLVWDVSHORVLQVHWRV$VSRXFDVÁRUHVYHUPHOKDVSROLQL]DGDVSHODVDEHOKDV
UHÁHWHPSDUWHGDUDGLDomRXOWUDYLROHWDYLVtYHOSDUDHODV

Questões:

42TXHpXPROKRFRPSRVWR"
44XDORSULQFtSLRGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRGHXPROKRFRPSRVWR"
42TXHpXPGLVSRVLWLYRGLySWULFR"(TXDODVXDIXQomR"
42TXHpUHIUDomR"
42TXHpXPUDEGRPD"(TXDODVXDIXQomR"
42TXHpDFXLGDGHYLVXDO"
42TXHpOX]SRODUL]DGD"
42TXHVLJQLÀFD3RODUL]DUXPDRQGDOXPLQRVD"
42TXHGHWHUPLQDDFRUGHXPREMHWR"
4 4XDO p D IDL[D GH UDGLDomR HOHWURPDJQpWLFD SHUFHSWtYHO GRV VHUHV
KXPDQRV"

VISÃO DAS AVES [WIKIPÉDIA]

$YLVmRpRVHQWLGRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHSDUDDVDYHVXPDYH]TXHXPDERD
YLVmRpHVVHQFLDOSDUDXPYRRVHJXURHHVWHJUXSRWHPXPDVpULHGHDGDS-
WDo}HVTXHGmRDFXLGDGHYLVXDOVXSHULRUjGHRXWURVJUXSRVGHYHUWHEUDGRV
3RUH[HPSORXPSRPERWHPVLGRGHVFULWRFRPRGRLVROKRVFRPDVDV
2ROKRGHXPDDYHDVVHPHOKDDGHXPUpSWLOFRPRVP~VFXORVFLOLDUHV
TXHSRGHPPXGDUDIRUPDGDOHQWHUDSLGDPHQWHHHPPDLRUPHGLGDGR
TXHQRVPDPtIHURV'HQWURGRUHLQRDQLPDODVDYHVWrPRVPDLRUHVROKRV
HPUHODomRDRVHXWDPDQKRHRPRYLPHQWRpSRUWDQWROLPLWDGDGHQWURGR
RVVRGDyUELWDRFXODU$OpPGDVGXDVSiOSHEUDVJHUDOPHQWHHQFRQWUDGDVHP
YHUWHEUDGRVRROKRGDDYHpSURWHJLGRSRUXPDWHUFHLUDPHPEUDQDWUDQV-
SDUHQWHPyYHO6XDDQDWRPLDLQWHUQDpVHPHOKDQWHjGHRXWURVYHUWHEUDGRV
PDVSRVVXLXPDHVWUXWXUDRRFXOL3HFWHQH[FOXVLYRSDUDDYHV

194
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
$YHVFRPRSHL[HVDQItELRVHUpSWHLVWrPTXDWURWLSRVGHUHFHSWRUHV
GHFRUQRVROKRV$PDLRULDGRVPDPtIHURVWrPGRLVWLSRVGHUHFHSWRUHV
HPERUDRVSULPDWDVSRVVXDPWUrV,VWRGijVDYHVDFDSDFLGDGHGHQmRSHU-
FHEHUDSHQDVRHVSHFWURYLVtYHOPDVWDPEpPSDUWHGRHVSHFWURGRVUDLRV
XOWUDYLROHWD2XWUDVDGDSWDo}HVSHUPLWHPDGHWHFomRGHOX]SRODUL]DGDRX
FDPSRVPDJQpWLFRV$VDYHVWrPPDLVUHFHSWRUHVGHOX]SURSRUFLRQDOPHQWH
QDUHWLQDTXHRVPDPtIHURVHPDLVFRQH[}HVQHUYRVDVHQWUHDVFpOXODVIR-
torreceptoras e do cérebro.
$OJXQVJUXSRVGHDYHVWrPDOWHUDo}HVHVSHFtÀFDVQRVHXVLVWHPDYLVXDO
OLJDGDDRVHXPRGRGHYLGD$YHVGHUDSLQDWrPXPDGHQVLGDGHPXLWRDOWD
GHUHFHSWRUHVHRXWUDVDGDSWDo}HVTXHPD[LPL]DPDDFXLGDGHYLVXDO$FR-
ORFDomRGRVVHXVROKRVOKHVGiERDYLVmRELQRFXODUTXHSHUPLWHMXOJDPHQWR
H[DWRGDVGLVWkQFLDV(VSpFLHVQRWXUQDVWrPROKRVWXEXODUHVEDL[RQ~PHUR
GHGHWHFWRUHVGHFRUPDVXPDDOWDGHQVLGDGHGHEDVWRQHWHVTXHIXQFLRQDP
EHPFRPSRXFDOX]

ANATOMIA DO OLHO DAS AVES [WIKIPÉDIA]

$VSULQFLSDLVHVWUXWXUDVGRROKRGRSiVVDURVmRVLPLODUHVDRVGHRXWURV
YHUWHEUDGRV$FDPDGDH[WHUQDGRROKRFRQVLVWHQDIUHQWHQDFyUQHDWUDQV-
SDUHQWHHGXDVFDPDGDVGHHVFOHUDXPDFDPDGDEUDQFDGHÀEUDVFROiJHQD
HUHVLVWHQWHTXHHQYROYHRUHVWRGRROKRHTXHDSRLDHSURWHJHRROKRFRPR
XPWRGR2ROKRpGLYLGLGRLQWHUQDPHQWHSHODOHQWHHPGRLVVHJPHQWRV
SULQFLSDLVRVHJPHQWRDQWHULRUHVHJPHQWRSRVWHULRU$FkPDUDDQWHULRUp
SUHHQFKLGDFRPXPOtTXLGRDTXRVRFKDPDGRKXPRUDTXRVRHDFkPDUD
SRVWHULRUFRQWpPRKXPRUYtWUHRXPDVXEVWkQFLDFODUDHJHODWLQRVD

)LJXUD$QDWRPLDGRROKRGDVDYHV'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZFDORSVLWDUFRPEU
YLVDRGDVDYHVKWPO

$OHQWHIRUPDRFRUSRHPIRUPDGHXPDOHQWHFRQYH[DµWUDQVSDUHQWH
com uma camada mais externa e uma camada interna mais macia. Ele
IRFDOL]DDOX]VREUHDUHWLQD2IRUPDWRGDOHQWHSRGHVHUDOWHUDGRSHORV
P~VFXORVFLOLDUHVTXHHVWmRGLUHWDPHQWHOLJDGRVjFiSVXODGRFULVWDOLQRSRU

195
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

PHLRGDVÀEUDV]RQXODU$OpPGHVVHVP~VFXORVDOJXQVSiVVDURVWDPEpPWrP
XPVHJXQGRFRQMXQWRGHP~VFXORVGHQRPLQDGRVGH&UDPSWRQTXHSRGH
PXGDUDIRUPDGDFyUQHDGDQGRDVVLPXPDPDLRUYDULDomRQRIRFRYLVXDO
GDVDYHVGRTXHpSRVVtYHOSDUDRVPDPtIHURV(VVDDFRPRGDomRSRGHVHU
UiSLGDHPDOJXPDVDYHVDTXiWLFDVFRPRQRPHUJXOKRGRPHUJXOKmR$tULV
pXPGLDIUDJPDFRORULGRRSHUDGRPXVFXODUPHQWHQDIUHQWHGDOHQWHTXH
FRQWURODDTXDQWLGDGHGHOX]TXHHQWUDQRROKR1RFHQWURGDtULVWHPRVD
SXSLODTXHpDiUHDFLUFXODUYDULiYHODWUDYpVGRTXDODOX]SDVVDSDUDRROKR

)LJXUD2VEHLMDÁRUHVHVWmRHQWUHRVPXLWRVSiVVDURVFRPGXDVIyYHDV'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWS
ZZZFDORSVLWDUFRPEUYLVDRGDVDYHVKWPO

$UHWLQDpXPDiUHDUHODWLYDPHQWHWUDQTXLODFRPSRVWDSRUP~OWLSODV
FDPDGDV IRWRVVHQVtYHO GH HVWUXWXUD FXUYD GHQRPLQDGD KDVWH H DV SLOKDV
GHFRQHFRPQHXU{QLRVHYDVRVVDQJXtQHRVDVVRFLDGRV$GHQVLGDGHGRV
IRWRUUHFHSWRUHVpIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDGHWHUPLQDUDDFXLGDGHYLVXDOPi[LPD
DOFDQoiYHO
2VVHUHVKXPDQRVWrPFHUFDGHUHFHSWRUHVSRUPPPDVR
pardal possui 400.000 e o urubu comum 1.000.000. Os fotorreceptores não
HVWmRLQGLYLGXDOPHQWHOLJDGRVDRQHUYRySWLFRHGDUHODomRGRVJkQJOLRV
nervosos aos receptores é importante na determinação da resolução. Esta é
PXLWRHOHYDGDSDUDRVSiVVDURVDDOYpRODEUDQFDWrPSDUD
FpOXODVJDQJOLRQDUHVIRWRUUHFHSWRUHV
2VEDVWRQHWHVVmRPDLVVHQVtYHLVjOX]PDVQmRGmRQHQKXPDLQIRUPD-
omRGHFRUHQTXDQWRRVFRQHVPDLVVHQVtYHLVSRVVLELOLWDPDYLVmRGHFRUHV
(PDYHVGLXUQDVGRVUHFHSWRUHVSRGHPVHUFRQHVHPDOJXQV
DQGRULQK}HVHQTXDQWRDVFRUXMDVQRWXUQDVWrPTXDVHGHKDVWHV
&RPRRFRUUHFRPRXWURVYHUWHEUDGRVH[FHWRRVPDPtIHURVSODFHQWiULRV
DOJXQVGRVFRQHVSRGHPWHUHVWUXWXUDVGXSODV(PDOJXPDVHVSpFLHVHVWHV
SRGHPDWLQJLURVGHWRGRVRVFRQHV
1RFHQWURGDUHWLQDWHPRVDIyYHDTXHWHPXPDGHQVLGDGHPDLRUGH
UHFHSWRUHVHpDiUHDGHPDLRUDFXLGDGHYLVXDO(PGDVDYHVLQFOXLQGR
DV DYHV GH UDSLQD EHLMDÁRUHV H DQGRULQKDV D IyYHD VHUYH SDUD UHIRUoDU
DYLVXDOL]DomRODWHUDO2QHUYRySWLFRpXPIHL[HGHÀEUDVQHUYRVDVTXH

196
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
WUDQVPLWHPDVPHQVDJHQVGRROKRFRPDVSDUWHVUHOHYDQWHVGRFpUHEURH
YLFHYHUVD &RPR QRV PDPtIHURV DV DYHV WrP XP SHTXHQR SRQWR FHJR
VHP IRWRUUHFHSWRUHV QD SDSLOD DWUDYpV GR TXDO QHUYR ySWLFR H RV YDVRV
VDQJXtQHRVID]HPDXQLmRFRPRROKR
$3HFWHQpXPyUJmRPDOFRPSUHHQGLGRTXHFRQVLVWHGHWHFLGRGRE-
UDGRTXHVHSURMHWDGDUHWLQDeEHPLUULJDGDSRUYDVRVVDQJXtQHRVHSDUHFH
manter a retina fornecida com nutrientes. Também pode sombrear a retina
GDOX]RIXVFDQWHRXDMXGDQDGHWHFomRGHREMHWRVHPPRYLPHQWR
$FRURLGHpXPDFDPDGDVLWXDGDDWUiVGDUHWLQDTXHFRQWpPJUDQGH
TXDQWLGDGH GH SHTXHQDV DUWpULDV H YHLDV (VWHV IRUQHFHP VDQJXH DUWHULDO
SDUDDUHWLQDHGUHQDRVDQJXHYHQRVR$FRURLGHFRQWpPPHODQLQDXP
SLJPHQWRTXHGiDYLVmRLQWHULRUGHFRUHVFXUDDMXGDQGRDHYLWDUUHÁH[RV
perturbadores.

PERCEPÇÃO DE LUZ

([LVWHPGRLVWLSRVGHUHFHSWRUHVGHOX]HPXPROKRGHSiVVDURYDUDV
H FRQHV 9DUDV TXH FRQWrP R SLJPHQWR YLVXDO URGRSVLQD VmR PHOKRUHV
SDUDDYLVmRQRWXUQDSRUTXHHOHVVmRVHQVtYHLVDSHTXHQDVTXDQWLGDGHVGH
OX]2VFRQHVVHUYHPSDUDGHWHFWDUFRUHVHVSHFtÀFDVRXFRPSULPHQWRVGH
RQGDGDOX]HQWmRHOHVVmRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDRULHQWDomRGHDQLPDLV
FRORULGRVFRPRRVSiVVDURV$PDLRULDGDVDYHVVmRWHWUDFURPiWLFDSRV-
VXLQGRFRQHVXOWUDYLROHWD89VHQVtYHLVQRROKREHPFRPRDTXHOHVSDUD
RYHUPHOKRYHUGHHD]XO
$ VHSDUDomR HVSHFWUDO GRV TXDWUR FRQHV SLJPHQWDGRV VmR GHULYDGDV
GD SURWHtQD RSVLQD OLJDGD D XPD PROpFXOD SHTXHQD FKDPDGD GH UHWLQD
TXHHVWiLQWLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRFRPDYLWDPLQD$4XDQGRRSLJPHQWR
DEVRUYHOX]QDUHWLQDVRIUHDOWHUDo}HVHDOWHUDRSRWHQFLDOGHPHPEUDQDGD

197
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

FpOXODFRQHTXHDIHWDPRVQHXU{QLRVHPXPDFDPDGDGHJkQJOLRVGDUHWLQD
&DGD QHXU{QLR QD FDPDGD JDQJOLRQDU SRGH SURFHVVDU D LQIRUPDomR GH
FHUWRQ~PHURGHFpOXODVIRWRUUHFHSWRUDVHSRUVXDYH]SRGHGHVHQFDGHDU
XPLPSXOVRQHUYRVRSDUDUHSDVVDULQIRUPDo}HVDRORQJRGRQHUYRySWLFR
para a parte posterior do cérebro para processamento em centros visuais
HVSHFLDOL]DGRV4XDQWRPDLVLQWHQVDDOX]PDLVIyWRQVVmRDEVRUYLGRVSHORV
SLJPHQWRVYLVXDLVHPDLRUDH[FLWDomRGHFDGDFRQHHPDLVEULOKDQWHDOX]
aparece.

)LJXUD   'LDJUDPD GH XPD FpOXOD FRQH GH DYHV 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWSZZZFDORSVLWDUFRP
EUYLVDRGDVDYHVKWPO

Questões:

4²&RPRRVIHOLQRVFRQVHJXHPHQ[HUJDUQRHVFXUR"

Q12 - Como funciona a visão dos cães?

4²2TXHpLOXVmRGHySWLFD"

APPLETS DE ENSINO

$QDOLVHRVDSSOHWVVXJHULGRV
²9LVmR&RORULGD3URMHWR3KHW
KWWSZZZÀVLFDQLPDGDQHWEU"T ySWLFDFRORUYLVLRQ

198
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9

)LJXUD²'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZÀVLFDQLPDGDQHWEU"T ySWLFDFRORUYLVLRQ

-2SWLFV&XUVRGHÐSWLFD(PERUDHVWHMDHPHVSDQKROQDSDUWHLQIHULRU
GDSiJLQDH[LVWHPDVÀJXUDVGRVDSSOHWV

KWWSZZZXEHGXMDYDRSWLFV

9HMDRROKRKXPDQR0RGHOR'HORMR6HYRFrFOLFDUQHOHDEULUiGXDV

QRYDVSiJLQDV9HUÀJXUDDEDL[R

$TXLVHGHÀQHRVSDUkPHWURVGDGLVIXQomRGDYLVWDRMR

199
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

$VÀJXUDVDEDL[RGHPRQVWUDPDLPDJHPGDSDLVDJHPHRTXHpYLVWR
SHORROKR

9,'(2$8/$6

Vídeo aulas sobre a visão:

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KWWSZZZSDVDGHQDH\HFRPIDTIDTIDTBWH[WKWPO
KWWSEU\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y )]QO,[2R
KWWSEU\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y )ZU3P])E$ IHDWXUH UHODWHG
9tGHRVVREUH,OXVmRGHySWLFD2EUDGH0&(VFKHU
KWWSZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y S9ZU88Z]%5R IHDWXUH IYVU
,OXVmRGHÐWLFD,PDJHPSURMHWDGD'2PDJRGDItVLFD
KWWSZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y =+MZ<\1+< IHDWXUH IYVU

CONCLUSÃO

8PDDXODVREUHRWHPD´WHRULDHSHUFHSomRGDVFRUHVµLOXVWUDPXLWR
EHPDVDSOLFDo}HVGDItVLFDQRVIHQ{PHQRVHGLVSRVLWLYRVGRGLDDGLD
3HORIDWRGDOX]HVWDUOLJDGDDXPGRVQRVVRVPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVVHQ-
WLGRVRGDYLVmRHVWHSRVVXLLQ~PHUDVDSOLFDo}HVQDQRVVDYLGDFRWLGLDQD
(VWHWDPEpPHQULTXHFHRFRQWH~GRGDGLVFLSOLQDGHItVLFDHDWRUQDPXLWR
PDLVDWUDHQWH9LPRVTXHKiXPDDPSODYDULHGDGHGHDSSOHWVYtGHRDXODVH
H[SHULPHQWRVVREUHHVWHWHPDTXHIDFLOLWDULDPXLWRDH[HFXomRGHXPDDXOD

200
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9

RESUMO

'RPHVPRPRGRTXHQDDERUGDJHPVREUHRWHPD´/X]µQHVWDDXOD
DSUHVHQWDPRVXPWH[WRSUHSDUDGRSDUDID]HUSDUWHGRHOLYURGRHItVLFD
(VWDDXODHVWDULFDPHQWHLOXVWUDGDFRPÀJXUDVYtGHRDXODVHDSSOHWV1HOD
tratamos da teoria e da percepção das cores. Explicamos as formas mais
XVXDLVGHFRPSRVLomRGDVFRUHV7HUPLQDPRVDDXODFRPXPDDQiOLVHGH
DOJXQVDSSOHWVGHHQVLQRH[SHULPHQWRVGHEDL[RFXVWRHYtGHRDXODV

RESPOSTA ÀS QUESTÕES

42TXHpXPROKRFRPSRVWR"52ROKRFRPSRVWRRXIDFHWDGRpSUySULR
GRVLQVHWRVHGHDOJXQVDQLPDLVPDULQKRV&DGDROKRFRPSRVWRpIRUPDGR
SRUSHTXHQDVIDFHWDVUHFHSWRUDVGHOX]FKDPDGDVRPDWtGLRV
44XDOpRSULQFLSLRGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRGHXPROKRFRPSRVWR"5&DGD
RPDWtGLRFDSWDXPDLPDJHPGLPLQXWDGRFDPSRYLVXDODVXDIUHQWHTXHp
WUDQVPLWLGDDWUDYpVGHÀEUDVQHUYRVDVDWpRFpUHEURRQGHIRUPDMXQWDPHQWH
FRPDVLPDJHQVGRVRXWURVRPDWtGLRVXPPRVDLFRTXHpDLPDJHPJOREDO
42TXHpXPGLVSRVLWLYRGLySWULFR"(TXDODVXDIXQomR"
4 2 TXH p UHIUDomR" 5 e D PXGDQoD GH GLUHomR GD OX] TXDQGR HVWD
atravessa meios com índices de refração diferentes.
42TXHpXPUDEGRPD"(TXDODVXDIXQomR"
42TXHpDFXLGDGHYLVXDO"5$DFXLGDGHYLVXDOVLJQLÀFDDFDSDFLGDGH
TXHRROKRSRVVXLSDUDGLVWLQJXLUGRLVREMHWRVPXLWRSUy[LPRVFRPRGXDV
HQWLGDGHVGLVWLQWDVHPYH]GHXPDVy
42TXHpOX]SRODUL]DGD"5/X]SRODUL]DGDVLJQLÀFDTXHRYHWRUFDPSR
elétrico E ȺGDRQGDHOHWURPDJQpWLFDYLEUDHPXPD~QLFDGLUHomR
42TXHVLJQLÀFD3RODUL]DUXPDRQGDOXPLQRVD"53RODUL]DUXPDRQGD
OXPLQRVDVLJQLÀFDFRQVHJXLUREWHUYLEUDo}HVGRYHWRUFDPSRHOpWULFR(Ⱥ
numa única direção.
42TXHGHWHUPLQDDFRUGHXPREMHWR"5$FRUGHXPREMHWRpGHWHU-
PLQDGDSHODFRPSRVLomRGDOX]SRUHOHUHÁHWLGD
44XDOpDIDL[D GHUDGLDomR HOHWURPDJQpWLFDSHUFHSWtYHOSHORVVHUHV
KXPDQRV"5'DOX]YHUPHOKDDRYLROHWD
4&RPRRVIHOLQRVFRQVHJXHPHQ[HUJDUQRHVFXUR"51DHVFXULGmR
WRWDOHOHVQmRYHHPTXDVHQDGDPDVVmRFDSD]HVGHHQ[HUJDUFRPPXLWR
SRXFDOX]RHTXLYDOHQWHDDOJRHQWUHHDPDLVTXHQyVKXPD-
QRV +i PDLV GH XPD UD]mR SDUD LVVR $ SULPHLUD p TXH VHXVROKRV WrP
XPDHVWUXWXUDUHÁHWRUDFKDPDGDUHJLmRWDSHWDOTXHSURYRFDXPDGXSOD
HVWLPXODomR GRV UHFHSWRUHV UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD SHUFHSomR GH FRUHV H IRU-
PDVRVFRQHVHEDVWRQHWHVTXHRVIHOLQRVDLQGDSRUFLPDWrPWUrVYH]HV

201
 Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física IV

PDLVTXHRVKXPDQRV2UHÁH[RGHVVDFDPDGDHVSHOKDGDpTXHSURGX]
DTXHOHEULOKRHVYHUGHDGRTXHYHPRVjQRLWHQRVROKRVGRVJDWRVGL]R
YHWHULQiULR3DXOR6pUJLR0RUDHVGH%DUURVGD8632PHVPRSULQFtSLRp
XWLOL]DGRQRVVLQDOL]DGRUHVGHHVWUDGDVEDWL]DGRVFRPWRGDSURSULHGDGH
GHROKRVGHJDWR$OpPGLVVRDSXSLODGRJDWRGLODWDWUrVYH]HVPDLVTXHD
KXPDQDSHUPLWLQGRDHQWUDGDPi[LPDGHOX]EHPQRVPRPHQWRVHPTXH
HVVHVDQLPDLVVDHPjFDoDDXURUDHFUHS~VFXOR(PFRPSHQVDomRTXDQGR
H[SRVWDDRVRODSXSLODVHUHGX]DXPDIHQGDPtQLPDFRQWUDEDODQoDQGR
HVVDKLSHUVHQVLELOLGDGHjOX]$VVLPGXUDQWHRGLDDYLVmRGRVJDWRVQmRp
WmRERDTXDQWRjGHVHXVGRQRV(OHVGLVWLQJXHPPDODVFRUHVHQmRHQ[-
HUJDPEHPGHORQJH
4&RPRIXQFLRQDDYLVmRGRVFmHV"58PDG~YLGDFRPXPpVHRFmR
HQ[HUJDHPFRUHVRXHPSUHWRHEUDQFRQDYHUGDGHpTXHHOHVWrPDFDSD-
FLGDGHGHHQ[HUJDUFRUHVPDVQmRGDPHVPDPDQHLUDTXHQyV3DUDRVFmHV
DVFRUHVYHUGHDPDUHORODUDQMDHYHUPHOKRQmRWrPGLIHUHQoDQHQKXPDe
XPDHVSpFLHGHGDOWRQLVPRSDUDHVWDVFRUHV0DVRFmRFRQVHJXHGLIHUHQFLDU
DVFRUHVYLROHWDD]XOHYHUGH
0XLWRVHVWXGLRVRVFUHHPTXHRFmRHQ[HUJDXPWRPGHDPDUHORTXDQGR
ROKDSDUDDVFRUHVYHUPHOKRYHUGHHDPDUHODHVHULDH[DWDPHQWHSRULVVR
TXHHOHQmRFRQVHJXLULDGLIHUHQFLiOD
(PUHVXPRRVFmHVHQ[HUJDPFRUHVPDVFRPPHQRVPDWL]HVHPHQRV
SUHFLVmRTXHQyVTXHFRQVHJXLPRVGLIHUHQFLDUFHUFDGHPLOK}HVGHFRUHV
e combinações diferentes.
3RURXWURODGRHOHVWrPDFDSDFLGDGHGHSHUFHEHUWDQWRVWRQVGHFLQ]D
TXHpTXDVHLPSRVVtYHOWHVWDUFRPSOHWDPHQWHHVWHWDOHQWRHPIXQomRGH
QRVVDVSUySULDVOLPLWDo}HV$H[SOLFDomRPDLVDFHLWDSDUDHVWHIHQ{PHQR
pTXHRVFDQtGHRVDQWLJRVDQWHSDVVDGRVGHQRVVRVFmHVHUDPFDoDGRUHV
QRWXUQRVHDGLIHUHQFLDomRGRVWRQVGHFLQ]DHUDPXLWRPDLVLPSRUWDQWH
TXHDYLVmRGDVFRUHV
(FRPRWRGRVRVSUHGDGRUHVRVFmHVLGHQWLÀFDPUDSLGDPHQWHREMHWRV
HPPRYLPHQWR,VVRHUDIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDVHXERPGHVHPSHQKRQDFDoD
$LQGDKRMHH[LVWHPQXPHURVDVUDoDVTXH´FDoDPFRPDYLVmRµFRPRRV
JDOJRVZKLSSHWVHTXDVHWRGDVDVOHEUHV(VWHpXPIDWRUGRVPDLVGHVHQ-
YROYLGRVQDYLVmRFDQLQDSRGHQGRHPFDPSRDEHUWRGLVWLQJXLUREMHWRV
GRWDPDQKRGHXPJDWRHPPRYLPHQWRDTXDVHP3RURXWURODGR
SRGHPGHPRUDUDHQ[HUJDUXPREMHWRSDUDGRTXHYRFrWHQWDPRVWUDUD
PHWURGHGLVWkQFLD3RULVVRpPDLVIiFLOFKDPDUDDWHQomRGHVHXDPLJR
com movimentos e sinais.
3RUWDQWRSRGHPRVDÀUPDUTXHRVFmHVQmRHQ[HUJDPPHOKRURXSLRU
TXHQyVDSHQDVRID]HPGHXPDIRUPDGLIHUHQWH
4²2TXHpLOXVmRGHySWLFD"5$LOXVmRGHyWLFDRFRUUHSRLVDLQIRU-
PDomRTXHYHPGRVQRVVRVROKRVWHPGHVHUSURFHVVDGDSHORFpUHEURSDUD
FRUUHODFLRQDUPRVRTXHYHPRVFRPRPXQGRTXHQRVFHUFD2TXHDFRQWHFH
QRUPDOPHQWHpTXHWDQWRDFDSWDomRGDOX]TXDQWRRVHXSURFHVVDPHQWR

202
 A Percepção das cores Aula 9
QmRVmRSHUIHLWRV$GLVSDULGDGHHQWUHRSHUFHELGRHRUHDOpFKDPDGDGH
ilusão de óptica.

COMENTÁRIO SOBRE AS ATIVIDADES

2V H[SHULPHQWRV DVVLP FRPR RV DSSOHWV VXJHULGRV VmR GH IiFLO
H[HFXomR LOXVWUDP H HQULTXHFHP EHP RV FRQFHLWRV DERUGDGRV $V
YtGHRDXODVHVWmREHPSUHSDUDGDVHPHVPRVDVPDLVVLPSOHVDMXGDP
RVHVWXGDQWHVDUHID]HUHPRVH[SHULPHQWRVGHEDL[RFXVWR

REFERÊNCIA

$80217-,Q$,PDJHP6mR3DXOR(G3DSLUXV
%$/'209&H+DGGDG+DPLOWRQ,QIlusões: o olho mágico da
percepção5HYLVWD%UDVLOHLUDGH3VLTXLDWULD683,,
%,&$6+DUOH\($,QFisiologia da visão binocular.$UTXLYR%UDVLOHLUR
GH2IWDOPRORJLD
&2(/+2/$)LVLRORJLDGD9LVmRUm estudo sobre o “ver” e o “enxer-
gar”/DE&RP38&5,2'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZXVHUVUGFSXFULREU
LPDJRVLWHVHPLRWLFDSURGXFDRUDPRVÀQDOSGI!$FHVVRHP
&5$5<-RQDWKDQ,QTechniques of the Observer&DPEULGJH0,7
3UHVV
)$5,$(6286$6-,QO sistema visual e o cérebro,Q$QDLV5HVX-
PRV;;5HXQLmR$QXDOGH3VLFRORJLD5LEHLUmR3UHWRS
0$5&21'(6$\UWRQ&HVDU6$5,(*2-RVp&DUORVCiências: química
e física - 1º Grau6mR3DXOR6FLSLRQH
0$548(6*&0(//2/XL]$GROIR0DWHULDOSURGX]LGRSDUDRH
ItVLFD1mRGLVSRQLELOL]DGRDLQGD
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UHIUDFWLRQVLQÁHFWLRQVDQGFRORXUVRI /LJKW³)RUZRUG$OEHUW(LQVWHLQ
LQWURG(GPXQG:KLWWDNHUSUHIDFH%HUQDUG&RKHQ1HZ<RUN'RYHU
%DVHDGDQDHG,QQ\V/RQGUHV
2.812(PLQLR&$/'$6,EHUrH&+2:&HOLOFísica para ciências
biológicas e biomédicas6mR3DXOR+DUSHU 5RZGR%UDVLOSiJV
D1ž81,32I H
3(17($'23DXOR&HVDU07255(6&DUORV0DJQR$Física - ciência
e tecnologia6mR3DXOR0RGHUQD9RO
81(63([SHULPHQWRVGHItVLFDSDUDRHQVLQRPpGLRHIXQGDPHQWDOFRP
PDWHULDLVGRGLDDGLD'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZIFXQHVSEUH[SHUL-
PHQWRVGHÀVLFD!$FHVVRHP
:,.,3(',$ 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWSZZZFDORSVLWDUFRPEU
YLVDRGDVDYHVKWPO$FHVVRHP

203