Patologia Veterinária

HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA
Produção de Material Didático
MALENA NORO SILVA

orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO
HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA
PRODUÇÃO DE MATERIAL DIDÁTICO
MALENA NORO SILVA

orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO
BANCA EXAMINADORA
Prof. Dr. Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro - UFRA
Prof. Dr. José Ricardo dos Santos Vieira - UFPA

HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA produção de material didático HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA produção de material didático
Agradecimentos
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Experimentação em Multimídia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), especialmente
à Profª Drª Maria Ataide Malcher, Rose Pepe e toda a sua equipe que nos proporcionou
a concretização deste livro.
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especialmente as Profº Drº André Marcelo Conceição Menezes e toda a sua equipe
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Dedicatória nos cederam materiais para concretizar nosso projeto.
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de Medicina Veterinária para auxiliar no aprendizado/
Pará polo Castanhal que nos cedeu espaço para estudo e pesquisa, além de lâminas
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dos animais atendidos para elaboração das fotos. E ao polo de Belém que nos cedeu
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espaço para estudo e pesquisa.
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À Profª Drª Maria Vivina Monteiro da UFPA, pela orientação e competência para a
elaboração deste livro.
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MALENA NORO SILVA orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO MALENA NORO SILVA orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO
4 5
Sumário
11 Apresentação
Lista de Siglas
13 Introdução
AIE Anemia Infecciosa Equina
14 &RPSRVLomRGRVDQJXH6LVWHPDKHPDWRSRLpWLFROtWLFR
ATP Adenosina trifosfato
CGH &RQWDJHP*OREDOGH+HPiFLDV 18 +HPiFLDV
CHGM &RQFHQWUDomRGH+HPRJORELQD*OREXODU0pGLD
21 7HPSRGHYLGDGDVKHPiFLDV+HPyOLVH
CHCM &RQFHQWUDomRGH+HPRJORELQD&RUSXVFXODU0pGLD
CID &RDJXODomR,QWUDYDVFXODU'LVVHPLQDGD 24 0RUIRORJLDQRUPDOGDVKHPiFLDV
DNA Ácido desoxirribonucleico
26 Tamanho das hemácias
DNNE 'HVYLR1XFOHDUGH1HXWUyÀORVj(VTXHUGD
EDTA Ácido etilenodiaminotetraacético 29 Cor das hemácias
EPO Eritropoietina
29 1RUPRFU{PLFDV
Fe Ferro
Hb +HPRJORELQD 29 +LSRFU{PLFDV
HCI Ácido clorídrico
29 +LSHUFU{PLFDV
HCM +HPRJORELQD&RUSXVFXODU0pGLD
HGM +HPRJORELQD*OREXODU0pGLD 29 0RUIRORJLDHSUHVHQoDGHLQFOXV}HV
Ht +HPDWyFULWR
30 7HUPRVWpFQLFRVUHODFLRQDGRVjPRUIRORJLDGDVKHPiFLDVHGLVWULEXLomRGDV
IFN-y ,QWHUIHURQJDPD KHPiFLDVQRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
IL-1 Interleucina 1
IL-6 Interleucina 6 30 (OLSWyFLWRVRXRYDOyFLWRV
IRC ,QVXÀFLrQFLD5HQDO&U{QLFD 30 (VIHUyFLWRV
RDW Red Cell Distribution Widht
SMF 6LVWHPD0RQRFtWLFR)DJRFLWiULR 30 (VTXLVWyFLWRV
TNF Fator de necrose tumoral 30 'UHSDQyFLWRVRXKHPiFLDVIDOFLIRUPHV
UFC 8QLGDGH)RUPDGRUDGH&RO{QLD
VCM Volume Corpuscular Médio 30 'DFULyFLWRVRXKHPiFLDVHPIRUPDGHOiJULPDRXSHUD
VGM Volume Globular Médio 31 &pOXODVDOYRRXOHSWyFLWRV
31 (TXLQyFLWRVRXKHPiFLDVFUHQDGDV
31 $FDQWyFLWRV
31 &yUSXVFXORGH+HLQ]
32 &RUS~VFXORGH+RZHOOMROO\
6 7
32 &RUS~VFXORGH/HQW]RXLQFOXV}HVGH/HQW]RXLQFOXV}HVGD&LQRPRVH 61 Avaliação da resposta leucocitária
32 Rouleaux eritrocitário ou hemácias em rouleaux 62 $OWHUDo}HVTXDQWLWDWLYDVGRVOHXFyFLWRV
32 3RQWHDGREDVyÀORRXSRQWLOKDGREDVyÀOR 62 Leucocitose
32 $JOXWLQDomRGHKHPiFLDV 63 Leucopenia
37 Anemias 63 1HXWURÀOLD
40 &ODVVLÀFDomRFRPEDVHQRJUDXGHUHJHQHUDomRPHGXODU 64 Desvio à esquerda

41 &ODVVLÀFDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVDQHPLDV 64 'HVYLRjHVTXHUGDUHJHQHUDWLYR
43 &ODVVLÀFDomRGDVDQHPLDVFRPEDVHQRPHFDQLVPRSDWRÀVLROyJLFR 65 'HVYLRjHVTXHUGDGHJHQHUDWLYR
43 $QHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDV 65 Desvio à direita
44 Anemias hemolíticas 65 Neutropenia
46 $QHPLDVSRUGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUUR 65 (RVLQRÀOLD
47 $QHPLDGHGRHQoDVLQÁDPDWyULDV 66 Eosinopenia
47 $QHPLDGDGRHQoDFU{QLFDUHQDO 66 Linfocitose
48 Eritrocitose/ Policitemia 66 Linfopenia
50 /HXFyFLWRV 66 Monocitose
53 Granulocitopoese 67 Monocitopenia
55 Monocitopoese 67 %DVRÀOLD
55 Linfocitopoiese 67 Basopenia
56 'HVFULomRHIXQo}HVGRV/HXFyFLWRVGRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR 69 $OWHUDo}HVPRUIROyJLFDVQRVOHXFyFLWRV
56 1HXWUyÀORV 69 /LQIyFLWRVUHDWLYRVOLQIyFLWRVDWtSLFRVRXLPXQyFLWRV
58 (RVLQyÀORV 69 /LQIyFLWRVJUDQXODUHV
59 %DVyÀORV 69 Cromatina sexual
59 /LQIyFLWRV 69 1HXWUyÀORVKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRVRXSROLOREyFLWRV
60 0RQyFLWRV 70 1HXWUyÀORVKLSRVHJPHQWDGRV
8 9
APRESENTAÇÃO
70 1HXWUyÀORVWy[LFRVRXQHXWUyÀORVFRPJUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDV
70 Corpúsculo de Dohle
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72 Plaquetas 3HQVLOYkQLDQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVSRUYROWDGH1HVWHPHVPRSHUtRGRWDPEpPFRPHoDUDPDVXUJLU
RVSULPHLURVOLYURVGHDQiOLVHVFOtQLFDVDSDUWLUGHH[SHULrQFLDVHDQRWDo}HVUHDOL]DGDVQRVODERUDWyULRV
72 Trombocitopoese TXHHUDPXVDGDVSDUDHQVLQDUHPFXUVRVGHGLDJQyVWLFRODERUDWRULDO
74 $OWHUDo}HVQXPpULFDVGDVSODTXHWDV 2 WySLFR KHPDWRORJLD HVWi SUHVHQWH QDV HPHQWDV GDV GLVFLSOLQDV GH SDWRORJLD FOLQLFD YHWHULQiULD GH
76 7pFQLFDVKHPDWROyJLFDV$XODVSUiWLFDV XQLYHUVLGDGHVQDFLRQDLVHGHRXWURVSDtVHVSRUpPSRXFRVPDWHULDLVGLGiWLFRVVmRHVSHFtÀFRVSDUDiUHD
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76 Roteiro de aula prática de coleta de amostras 2V REMHWLYRV GR WUDEDOKR IRUDP SURGX]LU PDWHULDO GLGiWLFR VREUH R WHPD GH KHPDWRORJLD YHWHULQiULD
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78 5RWHLURGHDXODSUiWLFDGHHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
PDWHULDLVXWLOL]DGRVQDGLVFLSOLQDGH3DWRORJLD&OtQLFDGRFXUVRGH0HGLFLQD9HWHULQiULDGD8QLYHUVLGDGH
80 5RWHLURGHDXODSUiWLFDGH+HPRJUDPDFRPSOHWR Federal do Pará, além de auxiliar e contribuir para o conhecimento nas outras áreas como a Clínica
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88 ,QWHUSUHWDomRGHKHPRJUDPDV
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,QIRUPDo}HVTXDOLWDWLYDVTXHSRGHPYLUH[SUHVVDVQRVUHVXOWDGRVGRKHPRJUDPD
nacionais e internacionais e pesquisa documental do material da docente responsável pela disciplina.
96 4XHVW}HVGHSURYDFRQFXUVRV 2PDWHULDOGLGiWLFRHODERUDGRDERUGDWySLFRVVREUHDFRQVWLWXLomRGRVDQJXHKHPDWRSRLHVHKHPiFLDV
OHXFyFLWRVHSODTXHWDV7DPEpPIRUDPLQVHULGDVLOXVWUDo}HVVREUHRWHPDSURSRVWRHLPDJHQVGHOkPLQDV
105 Leitura complementar RULXQGDV GD URWLQD GR /DERUDWyULR GH 3DWRORJLD &OtQLFD 9HWHULQiULD GD 8)3$ (VSHUDVH TXH R PDWHULDO
108 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS SURGX]LGRSRVVDDX[LOLDURVDOXQRVQRDSUHQGL]DGRGDGLVFLSOLQDGH3DWRORJLD&OtQLFDGRFXUVRGH0HGLFLQD
9HWHULQiULDGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGHHQVLQRVXSHULRUQR%UDVLOHHPSDtVHVGHOtQJXDSRUWXJXHVD$VVLPFRPR
113 $1(;2$9DORUHVGH5HIHUrQFLD(ULWURJUDPD/HXFRJUDPDH3ODTXHWRJUDPDGHFDQLQRV LQFHQWLYDUHFRQWULEXLUSDUDDSURGXomRGHRXWURVPDWHULDLVGLGiWLFRVQDiUHDGDKHPDWRORJLDHRXWUDV
felinos, bovinos, equinos, ovinos, caprinos e suínos iUHDVDÀQV
114 $1(;2%9DORUHVGH5HIHUrQFLD(ULWURJUDPD/HXFRJUDPD3URWHtQD7RWDOH3ODTXHWDVGH
peixe-boi (Trichechus manatus manatus)
10 11
HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA produção de material didático
01 INTRODUÇÃO
$3DWRORJLD&OtQLFDWDPEpPGHQRPLQDGDDQiOLVHVFOtQLFDVRXPHGLFLQDODERUDWRULDOpXPDHVSHFLDOLGDGH
GD SDWRORJLD TXH XWLOL]D PpWRGRV ODERUDWRULDLV SDUD DX[LOLDU QR GLDJQyVWLFR SURJQyVWLFR H WUDWDPHQWR
GDV GRHQoDV 6HJXQGR R &ROpJLR $PHULFDQR GH 3DWRORJLVWDV 9HWHULQiULRV RV SDWRORJLVWDV FOtQLFRV VmR
HVSHFLDOLVWDVQDViUHDVGHSDWRORJLDEiVLFDELRTXtPLFDVDQJXtQHDFLWRORJLDXULQiOLVHSDWRORJLDFLU~UJLFD
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TXHXPSURWR]RiULRSRGHULDVHUWUDQVPLWLGRSRUDUWUySRGHVFDXVDQGRDQHPLDQRVSDFLHQWHVLQIHFWDGRV
2HVWXGRGHVWDGRHQoDSHUPLWLXDDYDOLDomRGRVDQJXHGRVDQLPDLVFRPDVREVHUYDo}HVGHDOWHUDo}HV
PRUIROyJLFDVTXHRFRUUHPQRVHULWUyFLWRVQRVTXDGURVDQrPLFRV$VVLPRXWUDVGRHQoDVWUDQVPLWLGDVSRU
DUWUySRGHVFRPRDPDOiULDHDIHEUHDPDUHODWDPEpPSDVVDUDPDVHUGLDJQRVWLFDGDVHFRQWURODGDVFRP
RDX[tOLRGDSDWRORJLDFOtQLFDFRPrQIDVHQRVH[DPHVKHPDWROyJLFRV
(P %XUQHWW R SLRQHLUR GD KHPDWRORJLD YHWHULQiULD GHVFUHYHX R VDQJXH GH YiULDV HVSpFLHV GH
DQLPDLVGRPpVWLFRV1RPHVPRSHUtRGRIRLFRQVWDWDGRTXHRKHPRJUDPDGRVSURFHVVRVLQÁDPDWyULRV
HP HTXLQRV p FDUDFWHUL]DGR SRU OHXFRFLWRVH H QHXWURÀOLD H TXH QD UHWLFXOLWH WUDXPiWLFD QRV ERYLQRV
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3RU YROWD GH IRL PLQLVWUDGD D SULPHLUD GLVFLSOLQD GH SDWRORJLD FOtQLFD QD )DFXOGDGH GH 0HGLFLQD
Veterinária da Universidade da Pensilvânia, Estados Unidos. Foi neste mesmo período que também
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QRVODERUDWyULRVHTXHHUDPXVDGDVSDUDHQVLQDUHPFXUVRVGHGLDJQyVWLFRODERUDWRULDO
$GLVFLSOLQDGHSDWRORJLDFOtQLFDFRQWULEXLSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXPFRQMXQWRGHKDELOLGDGHVTXH
LQFOXHPFRPSHWrQFLDVWpFQLFDVUHDOL]DomRHLQWHUSUHWDomRGRVH[DPHVFRPXQLFDomRHÀFD]GLVFXVVmR
GRV UHVXOWDGRV WURFD GH H[SHULrQFLDV HQWUH R FOtQLFR VROLFLWDQWH H R ODERUDWyULR H WRPDGD GH GHFLVmR
(condução do caso clínico).
2 WySLFR KHPDWRORJLD HVWi SUHVHQWH QDV HPHQWDV GDV GLVFLSOLQDV GH SDWRORJLD FOLQLFD YHWHULQiULD HP
universidades nacionais e de outros países. Entretanto, apesar de existirem vários materiais didáticos
VREUHRDVVXQWRSRXFRVVmRHVSHFtÀFRVSDUDDiUHDGHYHWHULQiULD6RPDVHDLVVRRIDWRGHSRXFDV
universidades brasileiras disponibilizarem material didático de acesso livre e democrático para
complementar o aprendizado do corpo discente. Nesse contexto, se faz necessário a produção de
PDWHULDLVHPIRUPDGHOLYURGLJLWDOFRPrQIDVHHPKHPDWRORJLDYHWHULQiULD
MALENA NORO SILVA orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO

13
2 YROXPH VDQJXtQHR WRWDO WDPEpP FKDPDGR GH YROHPLD HTXLYDOH D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH GR
SHVR FRUSRUDO YDULDQGR FRP D HVSpFLH D LGDGH H D LQJHVWmR RXSHUGD GH iJXD 2 YROXPH VDQJXtQHR
SHUPDQHFHHVWiYHOSHODFRQVWDQWHSDVVDJHPGHOtTXLGRVLQWHUVWLFLDLVSDUDRPHLRYDVFXODUHYLFHYHUVD
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QRVFDVRVGHKHPRUUDJLDSUREOHPDVUHQDLVHGHVLGUDWDomR4XDQGRFHUFDGHDGRVDQJXHp
02 COMPOSIÇÃO DO SANGUE/ SISTEMA HEMATOPOIÉTICO-LÍTICO SHUGLGRRFRUUHRFKDPDGRFKRTXHKLSRYROrPLFRTXHFRQVWLWXLXPDHPHUJrQFLDHSRGHOHYDURSDFLHQWH
DyELWR$KLSHUYROHPLDRFRUUHHPVLWXDo}HVGHLQJHVWmRDGPLQLVWUDomRRXUHWHQomRGHOtTXLGRVHVyGLR
em excesso.
2VDQJXHpXPWHFLGRÁXLGRHFRPRWDOpIRUPDGRSRUXPPHLRLQWHUFHOXODUSODVPDHSRUWUrVWLSRV $V FpOXODV VDQJXtQHDV WrP XP SHUtRGR GH YLGD FXUWR H GHOLPLWDGR H D TXDQWLGDGH GHVVDV FpOXODV
FHOXODUHVKHPiFLDVOHXFyFLWRVHSODTXHWDVREVHUYDGRVQD)LJXUD2SODVPDVDQJXtQHRpFRQVWLWXtGR QD FLUFXODomR PDQWrPVH HVWiYHO SRU DomR GH XP FRQMXQWR GH yUJmRV H WHFLGRV FKDPDGR VLVWHPD
SRUiJXDPLQHUDLVHOHWUyOLWRVYLWDPLQDVSURWHtQDVOLStGLRVHFDUERLGUDWRV&DGDWLSRFHOXODUGRVDQJXH KHPDWRSRLpWLFROtWLFR3DUWLFLSDPGHVVHVLVWHPDDPHGXODyVVHDREDoRRItJDGRRWLPRRVLQWHVWLQRV
WHPXPDIXQomRHVSHFtÀFDSDUDRRUJDQLVPR$VKHPiFLDVFDUUHLDPRVJDVHVVDQJXtQHRVRVOHXFyFLWRV RV ULQV R HVW{PDJR H RV PDFUyIDJRV GR 6LVWHPD 0RQRFtWLFR )DJRFLWiULR 60) DQWHV GHQRPLQDGR
SDUWLFLSDPGDGHIHVDRUJkQLFDHDVSODTXHWDVDWXDPQRSURFHVVRGHKHPRVWDVLD 6LVWHPD 5HWLFXOR (QGRWHOLDO 1D WDEHOD HVWmR GHVFULWRV RV yUJmRV H WHFLGRV TXH FRPS}H R VLVWHPD
KHPDWRSRLpWLFROtWLFRFRPVXDVUHVSHFWLYDVIXQo}HV
Tabela 1 ÐUJmRVHWHFLGRVGRVLVWHPDKHPDWRSRLpWLFROtWLFRHVXDVSULQFLSDLVIXQo}HV
ÓRGÃO OU TECIDO FUNÇÕES

0HGXODyVVHD +HPDWRSRLHVH(VWRTXHGHIHUURKHPRVVLGHULQDHIHUULWLQD
SDUDDVtQWHVHGDKHPRJORELQDQRVSUHFXUVRUHVHULWUyLGHV
Timo 'LIHUHQFLDomRGRV/LQIyFLWRV7
Baço 3URGXomRGHOLQIyFLWRV%VtQWHVHGHDQWLFRUSRVUHVHUYDWyULR
de hemácias e plaquetas, destruição de hemácias, estoque
de ferro.
6LVWHPD0RQRFtWLFR)DJRFLWiULR60) 'HVWUXLomRGHFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVDOWHUDGDVRXVHQHVFHQWHV
KHPRFDWDUHVHGHJUDGDomRGDKHPRJORELQDHVWRTXHGH
ferro.
)tJDGR Estoque de vit. B12 e ferro. Produção de proteínas e fatores
GDFRDJXODomRFRQYHUVmRGH%LOLUUXELQDOLYUHHP%LOLUUXELQD
FRQMXJDGD
(VW{PDJRHLQWHVWLQRV 3URGX]+&OHIDFLOLWDDDEVRUomRGH)HUURSURPRYHDUHGXomR
de ferro férrico (Fe+++) em ferroso (Fe++) que é mais fácil
a absorção. Produz fator intrínseco, facilitando assim a
absorção de vit. B12.
Figura 1 (OHPHQWRV FRQVWLWXLQWHV GR VDQJXH SODVPD VDQJXtQHR H HOHPHQWRV FHOXODUHV KHPiFLDV
OHXFyFLWRVHSODTXHWDV Rins 3URGX]HULWURSRHWLQDHWURPERSRHWLQD'HJUDGDD
KHPRJORELQDH[FHVVLYDPHQWHÀOWUDGD([FUHomRGHELOLUUXELQD
FRQMXJDGDHRXWURVSURGXWRVGRPHWDEROLVPRFHOXODU
2VDQJXHFLUFXODQRLQWHULRUGRVYDVRVVDQJXtQHRVDUWpULDVDUWHUtRODVYHLDVHYrQXODVVHQGRERPEHDGR
SHORFRUDomRHWHPFRPRIXQo}HVSULQFLSDLVDQXWULomRHR[LJHQDomRGRVWHFLGRV$WUDYpVGRVDQJXHVmR
WUDQVSRUWDGRV RV QXWULHQWHV SURWHtQDV FDUERLGUDWRV OLStGLRV YLWDPLQDV KRUP{QLRV H R R[LJrQLR 2 3RU PHLR GR VLVWHPD KHPDWRSRLpWLFROtWLFR VmR SURGX]LGDV DV FpOXODV VDQJXtQHDV SHOR SURFHVVR GH
QHFHVViULR DR PHWDEROLVPR FHOXODU 2 2 p FDUUHDGR GRV SXOP}HVSDUD RV WHFLGRV H R JiV FDUE{QLFR KHPDWRSRLHVH )LJXUD H DV FpOXODV VHQHVFHQWHV SDUDVLWDGDV RX GHIHLWXRVDV VmR GHVWUXtGDV SRU
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GD UHJXODomR GD WHPSHUDWXUD FRUSRUDO UHFHEH RV SURGXWRV GR PHWDEROLVPR FHOXODU FDWDEyOLWRV H RV RVFRQVWLWXLQWHVVDQJXtQHRVGHQWURGRVYDORUHVQRUPDLVSDUDFDGDHVSpFLH$OWHUDo}HVQHVVHVSURFHVVRV
FRQGX]HPSDUD RV yUJmRVGH PHWDEROL]DomRH H[FUHomRULQV SXOP}HVH ItJDGR SDUD TXHHOHVVHMDP FRQWULEXHP SDUD UHGXomR RX DXPHQWR GRV WLSRV FHOXODUHV GR VDQJXH GHFRUUHQWHV GRV SURFHVVRV
HOLPLQDGRVGRRUJDQLVPR SDWROyJLFRV
14 15
DEFINIÇÕES IMPORTANTES
+HPDWRSRLHVH SDODYUD GHULYDGD GR JUHJR +DLPD VDQJXH 3RLHVLV FULDomR

SURGXomRTXHGHÀQHRSURFHVVRGHSURGXomRGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDV
+HPRFDWDUHVHpRSURFHVVRSHORTXDODVKHPiFLDVHRXWURVHOHPHQWRVÀJXUDGRVGR
VDQJXHVmRHOLPLQDGRVGDFLUFXODomR
+HPyOLVHGHÀQHRSURFHVVRGHGHVWUXLomRSDWROyJLFRRXÀVLROyJLFRGDVKHPiFLDV
HSRGHRFRUUHUGHQWURGRYDVRVDQJXtQHRKHPyOLVHLQWUDYDVFXODURXHPyUJmRV
ULFRVHPFpOXODVGR60)PDFUyIDJRVFRPREDoRHItJDGRKHPyOLVHH[WUDYDVFXODU
$KHPDWRSRLHVHSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGDFRPRSUpQDWDOTXHRFRUUHGXUDQWHDYLGDLQWUDXWHULQDHSyVQDWDO
TXHRFRUUHDSyVRQDVFLPHQWR1DYLGDLQWUDXWHULQDRSULPHLURORFDOGHSURGXomRGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDV Figura 2 3URFHVVRUHVXPLGRGDKHPDWRSRLHVHGHPRQVWUDQGRDVFpOXODVSURJHQLWRUDVSUHFXUVRUDVH
p R VDFR YLWHOtQLFR H SRVWHULRUPHQWH HVVD IXQomR p DVVXPLGD SHOR ItJDGR EDoR H PHGXOD yVVHD 1R maduras.
UHFpPQDVFLGRDSURGXomRGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVSDVVDDRFRUUHUQDPHGXODyVVHDGHWRGRVRVRVVRV
GRFRUSRPHGLGDTXHRDQLPDOYDLFUHVFHQGRHFKHJDQGRjIDVHDGXOWDDSURGXomRGDVFpOXODVGR
VDQJXHRFRUUHDSHQDVQDPHGXODyVVHDGRVRVVRVFKDWRVRVVRVORQJRVHStÀVHVHHVWHUQR(PDOJXPDV
VLWXDo}HVQRVDQLPDLVDGXOWRVRItJDGRHREDoRSRGHPUHWRPDURSRWHQFLDOKHPDWRSRLpWLFRVHQGRHVVD
função denominada de hematopoiese extramedular.
DEFINIÇÕES IMPORTANTES
Geralmente, nos animais jovens a atividade hematopoiética é mais intensa, resultando em maiores
YDORUHVGHKHPiFLDVSODTXHWDVHOHXFyFLWRVTXDQGRFRPSDUDGRDRVYDORUHVKHPDWROyJLFRVGHDQLPDLV
$ KHPDWRSRLHVH H[WUDPHGXODU p GHÀQLGD FRPR XP PHFDQLVPR ÀVLROyJLFR
PDLVYHOKRV(VVDLQÁXrQFLDGDLGDGHVREUHRVYDORUHVKHPDWROyJLFRVIRLREVHUYDGDSDUDEXEDOLQRVH
FRPSHQVDWyULRTXHRFRUUHTXDQGRDPHGXODyVVHDQmRFRQVHJXHVXSULUDGHPDQGD
RYLQRVFULDGRVQD$PD]{QLD2ULHQWDO GHFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVHRXWURVyUJmRVFRPREDoRHItJDGRUHWRPDPVHXSRWHQFLDO
hematopoiético. Geralmente está associada a:
$ KHPDWRSRLHVH RFRUUH D SDUWLU GH XPD FpOXOD PmH ´6WHP &HOOµ TXH SRGH GDU RULJHP D TXDOTXHU XP
• +HPRJORELQRSDWLDVFRQJrQLWDV
GRV WLSRV FHOXODUHV GR VDQJXH VHQGR SRU LVVR GHQRPLQDGD GH FpOXOD FRP FDSDFLGDGH SOXULSRWHQFLDO • $QHPLDVJUDYHV
(VVD ´6WHP &HOOµ SRU HVWtPXORV HVSHFtÀFRV VH GLIHUHQFLD HP SUHFXUVRUHV OLQIyLGHV H PLHOyLGHV TXH • Desordens de substituição medular adquiridas (leucemias, linfomas,
DSUHVHQWDPFDSDFLGDGHPXOWLSRWHQFLDO2VSUHFXUVRUHVOLQIyLGHVRULJLQDPRVOLQIyFLWRV7H%HQTXDQWRRV PLHORÀEURVH
RXWURVWLSRVFHOXODUHVGRVDQJXHKHPiFLDVJUDQXOyFLWRVPRQyFLWRVHSODTXHWDVVmRRULJLQDGRVDSDUWLU
GRVSUHFXUVRUHVPLHOyLGHV$VFpOXODVPXOWLSRWHQFLDLVRULJLQDPDVFpOXODVXQLSRWHQFLDLVTXHIRUPDPDV
XQLGDGHVIRUPDGRUDVGHFRO{QLDV8)&TXHYmRGDURULJHPDRVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVFHOXODUHV'HWDOKHVGD
IRUPDomR GDV KHPiFLDV HULWURSRLHVH OHXFyFLWRV OHXFRSRLHVH H SODTXHWDV WURPERFLWRSRLHVH VHUmR
GHVFULWRVQRVWySLFRVVHJXLQWHV
CURIOSIDADE
(PFDPXQGRQJRVREDoRFRQWLQXDVXDDWLYLGDGHKHPDWRSRLpWLFDDSyVRQDVFLPHQWR
RXVHMDREDoRQmRVHWRUQDDSHQDVXPORFDOGHGHSyVLWRHGHVWUXLomRGHKHPiFLDV
e plaquetas como nas outras espécies animais.
16 17
03 HEMÁCIAIS
$VKHPiFLDVVmRDVXQLGDGHVPRUIROyJLFDVGDVpULHYHUPHOKDHVmRGHQRPLQDGDVWDPEpPGHHULWUyFLWRV
RXJOyEXORVYHUPHOKRV6mRDVFpOXODVPDLVQXPHURVDVGRVDQJXHFRUUHVSRQGHQGRDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
GR YROXPH JOREXODU 6mR FRPSRVWDV SRU GH iJXD GH SURWHtQD KHPRJORELQD GH
FDUERLGUDWRVHGHOLStGLRV$PHPEUDQDLVRODGDHPDOJXQVDQLPDLVpIRUPDGDSRUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
GH iJXD GH SURWHtQDV GH OLStGLRV H GH FDUERLGUDWRV 1RV PDPtIHURV DV KHPiFLDV
PDGXUDV VmR DQXFOHDGDV SRVVXHP IRUPDWR ELF{QFDYR H QmR DSUHVHQWDP RUJDQHODV SRU LVVR QmR
sintetizam proteínas. Entretanto, em aves, répteis, anfíbios e peixes o núcleo permanece durante toda a
vida celular.
2VHULWUyFLWRVSRUPHLRGDKHPRJORELQDDSUHVHQWDPFRPRSULQFLSDOIXQomRRWUDQVSRUWHGHR[LJrQLRGRV
SXOP}HVSDUDRVWHFLGRVHQRVHQWLGRLQYHUVRFDUUHLDPRJiVFDUE{QLFR$KHPRJORELQDpXPDSURWHtQD
FRQMXJDGDIRUPDGDSRUGXDVFDGHLDVGHJORELQDOLJDGDVDXPJUXSRSURVWpWLFRGHQRPLQDGRKHPHTXH
pIRUPDGRSRUIHUURHJUXSDPHQWRVSRUÀUtQLFRV7RGDDHQHUJLDGDKHPiFLDpXWLOL]DGDSDUDPDQWHUD
PRUIRORJLDFHOXODUDHVWUXWXUDGDPHPEUDQDDVDWLYLGDGHVHQ]LPiWLFDVHRXWUDVIXQo}HVSDUDJDUDQWLUD
GHPDQGDGHR[LJrQLRSDUDRVWHFLGRV Figura 3 Fatores estimulantes e inibidores da eritropoiese.
Atualmente existem evidências demonstrando que as hemácias participam também da resposta imune $(32pXPKRUP{QLRJOLFRSURWHLFRSURGX]LGRQRVULQVHItJDGRTXHDWXDFRPRSULQFLSDO
SRUPHLRGDDomRDQWLPLFURELDQDGDKHPRJORELQDPRGXODomRGDSUROLIHUDomRGHOLQIyFLWRV7HSURGXomR fator estimulante da eritropoiese, favorecendo a proliferação e diferenciação das células precursoras e
GHFLWRFLQDV(QWUHWDQWRDSULQFLSDOIXQomRGRVHULWUyFLWRVpSURWHJHUHWUDQVSRUWDUDKHPRJORELQDSDUD HVWLPXODQGRDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQD1RVFmHVRVULQVVmRRV~QLFRVORFDLVGHSURGXomRGD(32(P
TXHHVWDSURWHtQDGHVHPSHQKHVXDIXQomRGHWUDQVSRUWHGHJDVHV3DUDLVVRQRVPDPtIHURVRQ~FOHRH RXWUDVHVSpFLHVRItJDGRWDPEpPSURGX]D(32QDIRUPDGHXPSUHFXUVRULQDWLYR
DVHVWUXWXUDVFLWRSODVPiWLFDVIRUDPVXEVWLWXtGRVSRUXPDVROXomRFRQFHQWUDGDGHKHPRJORELQD
Fatores nutricionais também são importantes para produção de hemácias. Para que a eritropoiese ocorra
A produção de hemácias é denominada eritropoiese que inicia ainda na vida uterina e, nos animais QRUPDOPHQWHVmRQHFHVViULRVPLQHUDLVSURWHtQDVHDOJXPDVYLWDPLQDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDVGRFRPSOH[R
DGXOWRVRSULQFLSDOWHFLGRKHPDWRSRLpWLFRpDPHGXODyVVHD3DUDFRUUHWDSURGXomRHPDWXUDomRGDV %2IHUUR)HpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQDHDVYLWDPLQDVGRFRPSOH[R%HIRODWRVVmR
KHPiFLDVpQHFHVViULRXPDPELHQWHPHGXODUtQWHJURSUHVHQoDGRVSUHFXUVRUHVFpOXODVSURJHQLWRUDV LPSRUWDQWHVSDUDTXHDVPLWRVHVRFRUUDPGHIRUPDDGHTXDGDQDPHGXODyVVHD
participação de fatores estimulantes nutricionais e hormonais. São fatores estimulantes da eritropoiese
DOJXPDVLQWHUOHXFLQDV,/DHULWURSRHWLQD(32RVKRUP{QLRVGDWLUHyLGHRVIDWRUHVGHFUHVFLPHQWRRV $SURGXomRGHKHPiFLDVHULWURSRLHVHQRVDQLPDLVDGXOWRVRFRUUHQDPHGXODyVVHDDSDUWLUGHXPD
DQGUyJHQRVHDKLSy[LDWHFLGXDO'URJDVPLHORWy[LFDVUDGLDomRLRQL]DQWHHVWUyJHQRVHDOJXPDVGRHQoDV ´6WHP&HOOµTXHVHGLIHUHQFLDHP8QLGDGH)RUPDGRUDGH([SORVmR(ULWUyLGHHSRVWHULRUPHQWHHP8)&
infecciosas e neoplásicas atuam como inibidores da eritropoiese, resultando em quadros de anemia (ULWUyLGHSRUHVWLPXODomRGDLQWHUOHXFLQDGRVKRUP{QLRVWLUHRLGLDQRVDQGUyJHQRVHGD(32LQLFLDQGR
)LJXUD um processo de multiplicação celular com, em média, quatro mitoses.
CURIOSIDADE
Em ratos a vida média da EPO é de duas a cinco horas e em cães de sete a dez
horas. A secreção de EPO é estimulada por testosterona, tiroxina, vasopressina e
KRUP{QLRGRFUHVFLPHQWR
18 19
1DPHGXODyVVHDRSUHFXUVRUPDLVLPDWXURGDVpULHYHUPHOKDpRUXEULEODVWRFpOXODJUDQGHFLWRSODVPD 3.1 Tempo de vida das hemácias/Hemólise

EDVRItOLFRQ~FOHRDUUHGRQGDGRIRUPDGRGHFURPDWLQDÀQDQXFOpRORVHDQpLVQXFOHDUHVEHPHYLGHQWHV
$SyV XPD PLWRVH IRUPDPVH GRLV SUpUXEUtFLWRV TXH VmR VHPHOKDQWHV j FpOXOD DQWHULRU SRUpP QmR 2WHPSRGHYLGDGRVHULWUyFLWRVYDULDFRPDHVSpFLHDQLPDODSUHVHQoDGHLQFOXV}HVRXDOWHUDo}HVQD
apresentam nucléolo e nem anel nuclear. Com mais uma mitose, são formados dois rubrícitos basofílicos PRUIRORJLDGDFpOXODHDRFRUUrQFLDGHDOJXPDVGRHQoDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDVKHPROtWLFDV
FpOXODV PHQRUHV H FRP FURPDWLQD PDLV FRQGHQVDGD (P VHJXLGD RV UXEUtFLWRV EDVRItOLFRV VRIUHP 1DHVSpFLHFDQLQDRWHPSRGHYLGDGRHULWUyFLWRYDULDGHDGLDVVHQGRVHPHOKDQWHDRSHUtRGR
duas mitoses formando quatro rubrícitos policromáticos (nesta fase ocorre a maior parte da síntese de vida da hemácia humana (120 dias). Em felinos as hemácias duram, em média, 65 a 76 dias. O tempo
GHKHPRJORELQDHRFLWRSODVPDpPDLVDFLQ]HQWDGR2VUXEUtFLWRVSROLFURPiWLFRVSRGHPRXQmRVRIUHU GHYLGDGRVHULWUyFLWRVGHHTXLQRVYDULDGHDGLDVGRVERYLQRVpGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGLDV
mitose formando o metarrubrícito (fase de multiplicação e maturação). HGHFDSULQRVpGHGLDV$KHPiFLDFRPPHQRUWHPSRGHYLGDpDGDJDOLQKDGLDVHQTXDQWRD
2V PHWDUUXEUtFLWRV WDPEpP GHQRPLQDGRV PHWDUUXEUyFLWRV QD IDVH GH PDWXUDomR SRVVXHP Q~FOHR do jacaré dura três anos.
SLFQyWLFRHFLWRSODVPDVHPHOKDQWHDRGRHULWUyFLWRPDGXURSRUpPXPSRXFRPDLVD]XODGR(PVHJXLGD 4XDQGRDVKHPiFLDVHVWmRVHQHVFHQWHVSDUDVLWDGDVFRPDOJXPDDOWHUDomRHQ]LPiWLFDRXPRUIROyJLFD
RPHWDUUXEUtFLWRSHUGHRQ~FOHRTXHpIDJRFLWDGRSHORVPDFUyIDJRVUHVLGHQWHVGDPHGXODyVVHDHVH HODVVmRUHWLUDGDVGHFLUFXODomRHGHVWUXtGDVSRUXPSURFHVVRGHQRPLQDGRKHPyOLVH2WHUPRKHPyOLVH
WUDQVIRUPDHPUHWLFXOyFLWR2UHWLFXOyFLWRpVHPHOKDQWHDRHULWUyFLWRPDGXURSRUpPDLQGDDSUHVHQWDQD VLJQLÀFDDGHVWUXLomRGDVKHPiFLDVKHPR VDQJXHOLVH TXHEUDFRPUXSWXUDGDPHPEUDQDSODVPiWLFD
VXDHVWUXWXUDDJUHJDGRVGHRUJDQHODVULERVVRPRVPLWRF{QGULDVFRPSOH[RGHJROJLTXHVmRYLVXDOL]DGRV HOLEHUDomRGDKHPRJORELQD$KHPyOLVHSRGHRFRUUHUGHGXDVPDQHLUDVLQWUDYDVFXODURXH[WUDYDVFXODU
DSHQDVFRPDXWLOL]DomRGHFRORUDo}HVVXSUDYLWDLVD]XOGHEULOKDQWHFUHVLORXD]XOGHPHWLOHQR&RPD
SHUGDGDVRUJDQHODVRVUHWLFXOyFLWRVSDVVDPDVHUFKDPDGRVGHHULWUyFLWRVPDGXURV $ÀJXUDUHSUHVHQWDDKHPyOLVHH[WUDYDVFXODUGDVKHPiFLDVDVTXDLVVmRFDSWXUDGDVSHORVPDFUyIDJRV
HVSOrQLFRV TXH GLJHUHP D PHPEUDQD VHSDUDP R JUXSR KHPH GD KHPRJORELQD KLGUROLVDP D JORELQD
$WUDQVIRUPDomRGHUHWLFXOyFLWRVHPKHPiFLDVPDGXUDVRFRUUHSRUDomRGHXPDHQ]LPDGHQRPLQDGD UHPRYHP R )H H FDWDEROL]DP R JUXSR KHPH 2V DPLQRiFLGRV GD JORELQD H R )H VmR UHDSURYHLWDGRV H
SLULPLGLQD ·QXFOHRWLGDVH 31 TXH GHJUDGD DV RUJDQHODV DLQGD H[LVWHQWHV QRV UHWLFXOyFLWRV 1D SRGHPVHUUHXWLOL]DGRVSDUDVtQWHVHGHQRYDVKHPiFLDV2JUXSRKHPHGiRULJHPjELOLUUXELQD
intoxicação por chumbo (plumbismo) a atividade dessa enzima está inibida, diminuindo a sobrevida dos
HULWUyFLWRVHpUHVSRQViYHOSHODSUHVHQoDGHSRQWLOKDGREDVyÀORREVHUYDGRQDVKHPiFLDVQRSOXPELVPR 2ItJDGRHDPHGXODyVVHDWDPEpPSRGHPSDUWLFLSDUFRPRWHFLGRVRQGHRFRUUHKHPyOLVHH[WUDYDVFXODU
(QWUHWDQWRDDQDWRPLDGREDoRRWRUQDPDLVVHQVtYHOSDUDGHWHFWDUSHTXHQDVDOWHUDo}HVQDVKHPiFLDV
e retirar as células defeituosas da circulação.
CURIOSIDADES
1RVPDPtIHURVDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQDVyRFRUUHDWpDIDVHGHUHWLFXOyFLWRV(P
HVSpFLHVFRPKHPiFLDVQXFOHDGDVDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQDRFRUUHGXUDQWHWRGR
o período de vida das hemácias.
2V UHWLFXOyFLWRV H SROLFURPDWyÀORV VmR R PHVPR WLSR FHOXODU SRUpP UHFHEHP

GHQRPLQDo}HV GLIHUHQWHV GH DFRUGR FRP D FRORUDomR XWLOL]DGD SDUD SUHSDUR
GR HVIUHJDoR 4XDQGR VmR XVDGRV FRUDQWHV WULF{PLFRV D FpOXOD p FKDPDGD GH
SROLFURPDWyÀOR 4XDQGR R HVIUHJDoR p FRUDGR FRP FRUDQWHV VXSUDYLWDLV D]XO GH
EULOKDQWHFUHVLORXD]XOGHPHWLOHQRDVFpOXODVVmRGHQRPLQDGDVUHWLFXOyFLWRV
2V UHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORV VmR RV ~OWLPRV HVWiJLRV LPDWXURV DQWHV GD

hemácia madura. O aumento desses tipos celulares na circulação é tecnicamente
GHQRPLQDGRGHUHWLFXORFLWRVHRXSROLFURPDWRÀOLDHRFRUUHHPDOJXPDVHVSpFLHV
QRVFDVRVGHDQHPLDUHJHQHUDWLYD
Figura 4 3URFHVVRUHVXPLGRGDKHPyOLVHHGHVWLQRGDELOLUUXELQDQRRUJDQLVPR
20 21
1DKHPyOLVHLQWUDYDVFXODUDUXSWXUDGDVKHPiFLDVRFRUUHGHQWURGRYDVRVDQJXtQHRFRPOLEHUDomRGD
KHPRJORELQD TXH YDL VHU FRQMXJDGD FRP RXWUD SURWHtQD SODVPiWLFD D KDSWRJORELQD (VVH FRQMXJDGR
KHPRJORELQDKDSWRJORELQDpIDJRFLWDGRSRUPDFUyIDJRVGREDoRPHGXODyVVHDRXItJDGRUHVXOWDQGR
QDPHWDEROL]DomRGRJUXSRKHPHSURGX]LQGRELOLUUXELQD4XDQGRDKHPyOLVHLQWUDYDVFXODUpPXLWRLQWHQVD
RFRUUHVDWXUDomRGDKDSWRJORELQDHDKHPRJORELQDOLYUHpÀOWUDGDSHORVJURPpUXORVUHQDLVUHVXOWDQGRHP IMPORTANTE SABER
KHPRJORELQ~ULDSUHVHQoDGHKHPRJORELQDQDXULQD2H[FHVVRGHKHPRJORELQDOLYUHQRSODVPDWDPEpP
FDXVDKHPRJORELQHPLDTXHWRUQDRSODVPDYLVLYHOPHQWHDYHUPHOKDGR'HVVDIRUPDDKHPRJORELQHPLD Tipos de Icterícia:
HDKHPRJORELQ~ULDVmRVLQDLVGHKHPyOLVHLQWUDYDVFXODU1HVVHWLSRGHKHPyOLVHWDPEpPSRGHRFRUUHU
excesso de síntese de bilirrubina, resultando em icterícia. Pré-hepática ou hemolítica²2FRUUHSRUVXSHUSURGXomRGHELOLUUXELQDH[FHGHQGR
DFDSDFLGDGHGRItJDGRHPFRQMXJDUHH[FUHWDURSLJPHQWR1HVVHWLSRGHLFWHUtFLD
$ ELOLUUXELQD XP SLJPHQWR DPDUHODGR HQFRQWUDGR QR SODVPD VDQJXtQHR p R SULQFLSDO SURGXWR GD SUHGRPLQD D ELOLUUXELQD OLYUH RX LQGLUHWD 2 DQLPDO JHUDOPHQWH HVWi DQrPLFR
GHJUDGDomR GDV KHPiFLDV $ KHPyOLVH p UHVSRQViYHO SRU PDLV GH GH WRGD ELOLUUXELQD SURGX]LGD UHVXOWDGRGDKHPyOLVHH[FHVVLYD
QR RUJDQLVPR VHQGR R UHVWDQWH SURYHQLHQWH GD GHJUDGDomR GRV FLWRFURPRV H GD PLRJORELQD 3DUD • 2 MHMXP SURORQJDGR HP HTXLQRV H IHOLQRV SRGH UHVXOWDU HP LFWHUtFLD SUp
hepática, pois a mobilização do tecido adiposo resulta em acúmulo de ácidos
SURGXomRGHVVHSLJPHQWRQRLQWHULRUGRVPDFUyIDJRVRJUXSRKHPHpFOLYDGRSRUDomRHQ]LPiWLFDGD
JUD[RVQRItJDGR(VVHViFLGRVJUD[RVFRPSHWHPFRPDELOLUUXELQDSDUDOLJDomR
heme-oxidase formando a biliverdina. A biliverdina é convertida em bilirrubina através de uma reação
FRP DV OLJDQGLQDV UHVXOWDQGR HP IDOKDV QD FDSWDomR H FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWH
enzimática catalisada pela biliverdina-redutase. Em aves e répteis a atividade da biliverdina-redutase é FRQMXJDomRHH[FUHomR
PXLWREDL[DGHVVDIRUPDQHVVDVHVSpFLHVRSULQFLSDOSLJPHQWRIRUPDGRpDELOLYHUGLQD
Hepática ou por lesão hepatocelular 2FRUUH QDV OHV}HV KHSiWLFDV GLIXVDV
2V PDFUyIDJRV GR 60) OLEHUDP D ELOLUUXELQD QD IRUPD QmR FRQMXJDGD GHQRPLQDGD WDPEpP GH LQÁDPDomR GHJHQHUDo}HV FLUURVH WXPRUHV HWF FRP IDOKDV QD FDSWDomR
bilirrubina indireta ou bilirrubina livre. Essa forma da bilirrubina é lipossolúvel e necessita ser carreada FRQMXJDomR H H[FUHomR 1HVVH WLSR GH LFWHUtFLD SRGH SUHGRPLQDU D ELOLUUXELQD
QRSODVPDOLJDGDjDOEXPLQD3DUDTXHSRVVDVHUH[FUHWDGDGRRUJDQLVPRDELOLUUXELQDOLYUHQHFHVVLWDVHU GLUHWDRXFRQMXJDGD*HUDOPHQWHRVDQLPDLVDSUHVHQWDPDOWHUDo}HVQRVH[DPHV
PHWDEROL]DGDQRItJDGR bioquímicos que avaliam a função hepática.
2ItJDGRpRyUJmRTXHSDUWLFLSDGDPHWDEROL]DomRHH[FUHomRGDELOLUUXELQDHPWUrVIDVHVFDSWDomR Pós-hepática ou colestáticaRFRUUHSRUDOWHUDo}HVQDVYLDVELOLDUHVLPSHGLQGRD
FRQMXJDomRHH[FUHomR$ELOLUUXELQDQmRFRQMXJDGDpUHPRYLGDGDDOEXPLQDHFDSWDGDSHORVKHSDWyFLWRV secreção da bilirrubina no intestino e sua posterior eliminação nas fezes. Nesses
DSDUWLUGDOLJDomRFRPSURWHtQDVGHQRPLQDGDVOLJDQGLQDV1RVKHSDWyFLWRVDELOLUUXELQDVHFRQMXJDFRPR FDVRV SUHGRPLQD D ELOLUUXELQD FRQMXJDGD 2 H[FHVVR GH ELOLUUXELQD SRGH VHU
iFLGRJOLFXU{QLFRVHQGRGHQRPLQDGDGHELOLUUXELQDFRQMXJDGDRXGLUHWD$FRQMXJDomRWRUQDDELOLUUXELQD HOLPLQDGRQDXULQDELOLUUXELQ~ULDHDVIH]HVÀFDPGHVFRUDGDVIH]HVDFyOLFDV
XPDPROpFXODKLGURVVRO~YHOHSRUWDQWRPDLVIiFLOGHVHUH[FUHWDGDGRRUJDQLVPR$ELOLUUXELQDFRQMXJDGD
pVHFUHWDGDDWLYDPHQWHSHORVKHSDWyFLWRVSDUDRLQWHULRUGRVFDQDOtFXORVELOLDUHVHÀFDDUPD]HQDGDQD
vesícula biliar até ser excretada no intestino.
1RLQWHVWLQRDELOLUUXELQDFRQMXJDGDVRIUHDomRGHHQ]LPDVEDFWHULDQDVEHWDJOLFXURQLGDVHVUHVXOWDQGR
HVWHUFRELOLQDVTXHVmRHOLPLQDGDVQDVXDPDLRUSDUWHQDVIH]HVGDQGRVXDFRUFDUDFWHUtVWLFD8PD 3.2 Morfologia normal das hemácias
SHTXHQDIUDomRGDVHVWHUFRELOLQDVUHWRUQDDRItJDGRSHODYHLDSRUWDFLUFXODomRHQWHURKHSiWLFD $ SULPHLUD REVHUYDomR PLFURVFySLFD GH XPD KHPiFLD IRL IHLWD SRU /HHXZHQKRHN TXH DQDOLVRX VHX
sendo excretada na urina. SUySULR VDQJXH XWLOL]DQGR XP PLFURVFySLR SULPLWLYR (P +RSSH6H\HU GHPRQVWURX D IXQomR GD
4XDQGRRFRUUHDOJXPDDOWHUDomRQRVSURFHVVRVGHSURGXomRPHWDEROL]DomRRXH[FUHomRGDELOLUUXELQD KHPRJORELQDSULQFLSDOSURWHtQDGRVJOyEXORVYHUPHOKRVH*XOOLYHUSXEOLFRXXPH[WHQVRHVWXGRVREUH
HVVHSLJPHQWRVHDFXPXODQRRUJDQLVPRFDXVDQGRLFWHUtFLDTXHFRQVLVWHQDSLJPHQWDomRGHDPDUHOR KHPiFLDVHPYHUWHEUDGRVGHPRQVWUDQGRTXHH[LVWHXPDJDPDYDULDGDGHWDPDQKRHIRUPDVSDUDRV
GDVPXFRVDVyUJmRVHVFOHUDHSHOH1DVGRHQoDVKHPROtWLFDVDGHVWUXLomRGDVKHPiFLDVpDXPHQWDGD JOyEXORVYHUPHOKRV
podendo causar anemia e excesso de produção de bilirrubina. A hiperbilirrubinemia supera a capacidade 3DXO(KUOLFKXPEDFWHULRORJLVWDDOHPDRHPGHVHQYROYHXRVFRUDQWHVWULFU{PLFRVSDUDDYDOLDomR
GRItJDGRHPFRQMXJDUHH[FUHWDURSLJPHQWRFDXVDQGRLFWHUtFLD GDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVUHYROXFLRQDQGRDVVLPDKHPDWRORJLD&RPRXVRGHVVHVFRUDQWHVIRLSRVVtYHO
SHODSULPHLUDYH]GHÀQLURQ~FOHRRFLWRSODVPDHPXLWDVRXWUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFHOXODUHV$VDOWHUDo}HV
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descritas por vários pesquisadores, porém a determinação das causas ou mecanismos de formação
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das anormalidades que possam ocorrer.
$ PDLRULD GRV PDPtIHURV DSUHVHQWDP JOyEXORV YHUPHOKRV UHGRQGRV ELF{QFDYRV YDULDQGR
consideravelmente em tamanho. As menores hemácias são observadas na espécie caprina, enquanto
a mais semelhante à hemácia humana é a canina. Os camelídeos (camelos, lhamas, dromedários e
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IMPORTANTE SABER
Esfregaço sanguíneo ou extensão sanguínea:
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que é distendida sobre uma lâmina de microscopia. Depois de confeccionado, o
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QDGHWHFomRGHKHPRSDUDVLWDV1RKHPRJUDPDFRPSOHWRRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR peixe-boi, D. +HPiFLDV GH SULPDWDV E. +HPiFLDV GH ERYLQRV F. +HPiFLDV GH HTXLQRV G. +HPiFLDV
pXWLOL]DGRSDUDID]HUDDYDOLDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVHUHDOL]DUD de bubalinos, H.+HPiFLDVGHFDSULQRVI.+HPiFLDVGHDYHVJ.+HPiFLDVGHFRHOKRVK.+HPiFLDVGH
FRQWDJHPGLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRV quatis.
3.3 Tamanho das hemácias

A mensuração do tamanho das hemácias pode ser feita a partir da determinação direta do diâmetro da
célula, entretanto essa não é uma forma prática e pode ser afetada por vários fatores (área da leitura do
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das hemácias é utilizado um índice hematimétrico denominado Volume Globular Médio (VGM) ou Volume
Corpuscular Médio (VCM). A determinação do tamanho das hemácias é importante para auxiliar na
compreensão das causas das anemias.
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24 25
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microcíticas. As hemácias normocíticas estão dentro do intervalo de referência do VGM para a espécie,
por exemplo, caprinos apresentam VGM entre 16 a 25 fL, enquanto no peixe boi o intervalo de referência
para o VGM é de 114 a 140 fL. O volume celular é inversamente proporcional ao número de hemácias,
ou seja, em espécies com VGM reduzido (ex. caprinos) o número de células vermelhas é bem elevado.
$PDFURFLWRVHRFRUUHTXDQGRH[LVWHXPSUHGRPtQLRGHKHPiFLDVJUDQGHVPDFURFtWLFDVTXHDXPHQWDPR
9*02HOHYDGRQ~PHURGHFpOXODVLPDWXUDVUHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORVGHÀFLrQFLDGH9LWDPLQD% IMPORTANTE SABER
HIRODWRVVmRH[HPSORVGHVLWXDo}HVTXHFDXVDPPDFURFLWRVH(PUXPLQDQWHVDGHÀFLrQFLDGH&REDOWR
co-fator importante para síntese de Vit. B12, também causa macrocitose. Um exemplo de macrocitose Wintrobe, em 1933, desenvolveu os índices hematimétricos Volume Globular
ÀVLROyJLFDRFRUUHHPFmHVGDUDoDSRRGOHSULQFLSDOPHQWHRV7R\V 0pGLR9*0+HPRJORELQD*OREXODU0pGLD+*0H&RQFHQWUDomRGH+HPRJORELQD
*OREXODU0pGLD&+*0TXHIRUQHFHPLQIRUPDomRVREUHRWDPDQKRRFRQWH~GRHD
A microcitose ocorre quando há predominância de hemácias pequenas (microcíticas), diminuindo o VGM. FRQFHQWUDomRGHKHPRJORELQDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
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de Fe pode-se observar também microcitose. Em bezerros saudáveis observa-se frequentemente 29*0R&+*0HR+*0VmRFDOFXODGRVDSDUWLUGHIyUPXODVPDWHPiWLFDVTXH
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hemácias com diferenças marcantes de tamanho utiliza-se para descrever esse achado o termo )yUPXODVSDUDFiOFXORVGRVtQGLFHVKHPDWLPpWULFRV
DQLVRFLWRVHTXHVLJQLÀFDGLIHUHQoDGHWDPDQKR$DQLVRFLWRVHpIUHTXHQWHPHQWHREVHUYDGDQDVDQHPLDV 9*0RX9&0I/ 9*RXKHPDWyFULWR[
QGHHULWUyFLWRVPLOK}HV/
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que são maiores que as células maduras. Nessa situação são visualizadas hemácias de diferentes
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celular é constituída por hemácias de tamanho normal e hemácias microcíticas. +*0RX+&0SJ +HPRJORELQDJG/[
QGHHULWUyFLWRVPLOK}HV/
$DQLVRFLWRVHSRGHVHUREVHUYDGDSHORKHPDWRORJLVWDSRUPHLRGDDYDOLDomRGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
(QWUHWDQWR RV PRGHUQRV FRQWDGRUHV KHPDWROyJLFRV DXWRPDWL]DGRV FDOFXODP XP tQGLFH GHQRPLQDGR SJ SLFRJUDPDV
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(VGM) e é um índice numérico de anisocitose. A utilização do RDW avalia a anisocitose com mais precisão, &+*0RX&+&0JG/ +HPRJORELQDJG/[
pois é mais sensível que o VGM e, por ser um índice numérico, retira a subjetividade do analista. 9*RXKHPDWyFULWR
JG/ JUDPDVSRUGHFLOLWUR
'HWHUPLQDomRGD&RQFHQWUDomRGH+HPRJORELQD+E
A concentração desta proteína é obtida pelo método espectrofotométrico da

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Intervalo de referência: FKDPDGRHVSHFWURIRW{PHWUR$FLDQRPHWDHPRJORELQDpRUHVXOWDGRGDFRQYHUVmR
GDKHPRJORELQDSHORUHDWLYRGH'UDENLQ
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dos resultados obtidos para o animal (paciente) com os intervalos de referência (IR)
estabelecidos para cada espécie animal.
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padronizadas, cálculos estatísticos e representam uma estimativa dentro da qual
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26 27
3.4 Cor das hemácias Termos técnicos relacionados à morfologia das hemácias e
distribuição das hemácias no esfregaço sanguíneo
$FRORUDomRWtSLFDGDVKHPiFLDVpGDGDSHORWHRUGHKHPRJORELQDGDFpOXOD*HUDOPHQWHDFpOXODPDGXUD Eliptócitos ou ovalócitos - São células ovais com uma zona central pálida. Aparecem em animais com
FRQWpPGRWHRUGHKHPRJORELQDHQTXDQWRRVUHWLFXOyFLWRV~OWLPRHVWiJLRLPDWXURDSUHVHQWDP GHIHLWRVGHPHPEUDQDGRVHULWUyFLWRV2VRYDOyFLWRVVmRPDLRUHVTXHRVHULWUyFLWRVQRUPDLVPDGXURVH
FHUFDGH3DUDHVWLPDUDFRQFHQWUDomRGHKHPRJORELQDpXWLOL]DGRRtQGLFHKHPDWLPHWULFR&+*0 DSUHVHQWDPPHPEUDQDEHPGHOJDGDFRPWHQGrQFLDDGREUDUVHIDFLOPHQWH(PFDPHOtGHRVRVHULWUyFL-
&+&0HGHDFRUGRFRPUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRVDVFpOXODVVmRFODVVLÀFDGDVHP WRVVmRÀVLRORJLFDPHQWHRYDLV)LJXUD²&
Normocrômicas ²&RQFHQWUDomRGHKHPRJORELQDGHQWURGRVYDORUHVGHUHIHUrQFLDSDUDHVSpFLH
Esferócitos²6mRHULWUyFLWRVHPIRUPDHVIpULFDTXHSHUGHUDPDIRUPDELF{QFDYDGHYLGRjSHUGDGDPHP-
Hipocrômicas &RQFHQWUDomRGHKHPRJORELQDDEDL[RGRVYDORUHVGHUHIHUrQFLDSDUDHVSpFLH brana celular sem perda de citoplasma, levando ao aumento de tensão da membrana celular e maior
IUDJLOLGDGHRVPyWLFDGDPHVPD'HYLGRDLVVRQmRDSUHVHQWDPSDOLGH]FHQWUDO(VVDVFpOXODVSRGHP
Hipercrômicas &RQFHQWUDomR GH KHPRJORELQD JOREXODU PpGLD DFLPD GRV YDORUHV GH UHIHUrQFLD SDUD DSDUHFHUHPTXDQWLGDGHVHOHYDGDVHPDQLPDLVFRPDQHPLDKHPROtWLFDLPXQRPHGLDGD2VHVIHUyFLWRV
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GHVDWXUDomRSDUDKHPRJORELQD(PJHUDOXPDKHPiFLDQRUPDOSRGHWHUXP&+*0Pi[LPRGH HULWUyFLWRVPRGLÀFDQGRVXDHVWUXWXUD(PDOJXPDVHVSpFLHVRVHVIHUyFLWRVSRGHPVHUGLItFHLVGHVHUHP
+HPiFLDVSRGHPVHWRUQDUKLSHUFU{PLFDDSHQDVVHSHUGHUHPVXDPHPEUDQDRXiJXDLQWUDFHOXODUSRUpP UHFRQKHFLGRVGHYLGRRVHULWUyFLWRVQRUPDLVQmRDSUHVHQWDUHPSDOLGH]FHQWUDO$HVSpFLHFDQLQDpDTXH
HVVDVDOWHUDo}HVUDUDPHQWHHOHYDPR&+*0HPRX6mRFDXVDVGHIDOVDKLSHUFURPLDDSUHVHQoDGH SHUPLWHFRPPDLVIDFLOLGDGHDREVHUYDomRGHHVIHUyFLWRV)LJXUD²%HD²&
RYDOyFLWRVHVIHUyFLWRVRXHPVLWXDo}HVHPTXHRSODVPDVDQJXtQHRHVWHMDKHPROLVDGR
Esquistócitos²2VHVTXLVWyFLWRVTXHWDPEpPVmRFRQKHFLGRVFRPRHVTXL]yFLWRVVmRIUDJPHQWRVGH
3.5 Morfologia e presença de inclusões HULWUyFLWRV TXH VXUJHP GHYLGR j GHWHULRUDomR PHFkQLFD QD FLUFXODomR SRU DQRUPDOLGDGHV PLFURYDVFX-
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$VDOWHUDo}HVQDPRUIRORJLDGDVKHPiFLDVUHFHEHPRQRPHGHSRLTXLORFLWRVHRXSHFLORFLWRVH$OJXPDV HULWUyFLWRVIUDJPHQWDGRVIRUPDomRGHHVTXL]yFLWRV7DPEpPSRGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVHPDQLPDLVFRP
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&RUS~VFXORVGH+HLQ]KHPRJORELQDR[LGDGDVmRFRPXQVHPVDQJXHGHJDWRVVHPUHODomRFRPDQHPLD
1R HQWDQWR D SUHVHQoD GHVVHV FRUS~VFXORV QR VDQJXH GD HVSpFLH FDQLQD LQGLFD DQHPLD KHPROtWLFD Drepanócitos ou hemácias falciformes ²2VGUHSDQyFLWRVWrPIRUPDGHIRLFHRXPHLDOXDHFDUDFWHU-
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WRV SRGHP RFRUUHU HP DOJXPDV UDoDV GH FDSULQRV H FHUYtGHRV SRUpP VRPHQWH LQ YLWUR 1mR RFRUUH
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2 Q~PHUR R WLSR H R JUDX GH DOWHUDo}HV GDV KHPiFLDV VmR WDPEpP LPSRUWDQWHV H DVVLP WRGDV DV
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WURPERFLWRSHQLDHVXVSHLWRGH&RDJXODomR,QWUDYDVFXODU'LVVHPLQDGD&,'pPDLVUHOHYDQWHGRTXHHP Hemoglobina S: e XPD DOWHUDomR KHPDWROyJLFD KHUHGLWiULD 2 WUDoR IDOFLIRUPH
XPH[DPHGHVDQJXHSUpFLU~UJLFRHPXPFmRFOLQLFDPHQWHVDGLR p XPD KHWHUR]LJRVH SDUD R JHQH GD KHPRJORELQD 6 H FRQVWLWXL XPD FRQGLomR
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(P HVIUHJDoR GH VDQJXH GH FmHV VDXGiYHLV p REVHUYDGR XP SHTXHQR Q~PHUR GH HULWUyFLWRV XPGRVSDLVRJHQHGDKHPRJORELQD$HGRRXWURRJHQHSDUDDKHPRJORELQD6(P
SROLFURPDWyÀORV UHWLFXOyFLWRV DOpP GH KHPiFLDV QXFOHDGDV PHWDUUXEUyFLWRV H RFDVLRQDOPHQWH animais é uma condição rara.
FRUS~VFXORV GH +RZHOOMROO\ 2V UHWLFXOyFLWRV HP JDWRV VmR PHQRV REVHUYDGRV $ SUHVHQoD GH
HOHYDGDFRQWDJHPGHUHWLFXOyFLWRVHPFmHVHJDWRVDQrPLFRVpLQGLFDWLYRGHTXHDDQHPLDpUHJHQHUDWLYD
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suprir a necessidade desse tipo celular.
Dacriócitos ou hemácias em forma de lágrima ou pera²(VVDVKHPiFLDVVHGHIRUPDPSULQFLSDOPHQWH
(P UXPLQDQWHV p UDUD D REVHUYDomR GH UHWLFXOyFLWRV HP HVIUHJDoRV VDQJXtQHRV PHVPR QD DQHPLD QREDoRRXPHGXODyVVHDTXDQGRVRIUHPHVWLUDPHQWRDOpPGRVOLPLWHVGHHODVWLFLGDGHDRSDVVDUHP
(TXLQRV QmR OLEHUDP UHWLFXOyFLWRV QR VDQJXH SHULIpULFR SRLV WRGDV DV KHPiFLDV PDWXUDP QD PHGXOD SHODVIHQHVWUDo}HVHQWUHFRUG}HVPHGXODUHV(VWmRSUHVHQWHVTXDQGRH[LVWHÀEURVHGDPHGXODyVVHDRX
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28 29
Células-alvo ou leptócitos²3RGHPVHUFKDPDGDVWDPEpPGHFRGyFLWRVHDSUHVHQWDPXPDiUHDFHQWUDO HPHVIUHJDoRVVDQJXtQHRVFRUDGRVFRPFRUDQWHVVXSUDYLWDLVFRPRRD]XOGH0HWLOHQR

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devido ao excesso de membrana em relação ao volume do citoplasma e podem estar presentes em ani- ULJLGH]GDVPHVPDVFDXVDQGRIUDJPHQWDomRHDSULVLRQDPHQWRQREDoRRQGHVmRIDJRFLWDGDV
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Equinócitos ou hemácias crenadas²6mRKHPiFLDVHVSLFXODGDV$VHVStFXODVVmRJHUDOPHQWHGHWDPD- no processo da etritropoiese, são chamados também de micronúcleos. A presença desses corpúsculos é
QKRXQLIRUPHTXHGLIHUHQFLDRVHTXLQyFLWRVGRVDFDQWyFLWRVDSUHVHQWDPHVStFXODVGHWDPDQKRLUUHJXODU FRPXPHPSDFLHQWHVHVSOHQHFWRPL]DGRVSRLVXPDGDVIXQo}HVGREDoRpUHWLUDUGDFLUFXODomRKHPi-
HPDLRUHV2VHTXLQyFLWRVSRGHPVHIRUPDUQDVVHJXLQWHVVLWXDo}HV)LJXUD²( cias defeituosas, parasitadas e senescentes. Em casos de anemia falciforme, podem ser observados
DSyVDRFRUUrQFLDGHÀEURVHHVSOrQLFD2XWURVWLSRVGHDQHPLDVSRGHPDSUHVHQWDURVFRUS~VFXORVGH
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'URJDV'URJDVFRPRVDOLFLQDWRVIHQLOEXWD]RQDIXURVHPLGDDJHQWHVTXLPLRWHUiSLFRVFRPRD 3RGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVQDVDQHPLDVUHJHQHUDWLYDVHPWRGDVDVHVSpFLHV(PFDVRVGHFRPSURPHWLPHQWR
doxorrubicina. GDIXQomRHVSOrQLFDXVRGHFRUWLFRVWHURLGHVHHVSOHQHFWRPLDGLVSODVLDHULWUyLGHSRRGOHVWR\VHPLQLD-
7UDQVWRUQRV'HSOHomRGRVHULWUyFLWRV²4XDQGRRVHTXLQyFLWRVVmRREVHUYDGRVHPVDQJXHIUHV- WXUDQmRDQrPLFRVFRPPDFURFLWRVHKHUHGLWiULDDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHFRUS~VFXORVGH+RZHOO-ROO\FRP
FREHPWUDWDGRLQGLFDPGHSOHomRGHHOHWUyOLWRV5HGXomRGHSRWiVVLR.LQWUDFHOXODUHEDL[R DOJXQVDQRUPDLVHIUDJPHQWDGRVVtQGURPHPLHORGLVSOiVLFDPLHORSODVLDSULPiULDSRGHQGRWDPEpPVHU
WHRUGHVyGLRSURYRFDGHVLGUDWDomRGRVJOyEXORVYHUPHOKRVFRPXPHPFDYDORVGHHQGXURFRP REVHUYDGRVDOJXQVFRUS~VFXORVDQRUPDLVHIUDJPHQWDGRV
GHSOHomRHOHWUROtWLFDDRVXDURXHPFDVRGHGLDUUHLDGLVW~UELRVJDWURLQWHVWLQDLVFRPRHPFROLWH
'RHQoDUHQDO&mHVTXHDSUHVHQWDPGRHQoDUHQDOHPSDUWLFXODUJORPHUXORQHIULWHSRGHPDSUH- 2VFRUS~VFXORVGH+RZHOO-ROO\SRGHPWDPEpPVHUREVHUYDGRVHPHVIUHJDoRVGHVDQJXHGRVDQLPDLV
VHQWDUHTXLQyFLWRV3RUpPQmRVHFRQKHFHRVHXPHFDQLVPRGHIRUPDomR saudáveis.
Envenenamento por serpentes: Envenenamentos por serpentes como cascavel e coral podem
SURYRFDUIRUPDomRGHHTXLQyFLWRVGHQWURGHKRUDVDSyVDSLFDGD Corpúsculo de Lentz ou inclusões de Lentz ou inclusões da Cinomose ²&RUUHVSRQGHDRHIHLWRFLWRSiWL-
2XWURV $ SUHVHQoD GH HTXLQyFLWRV QR VDQJXH WDPEpP SRGH VHU SURYRFDGD SRU TXHLPDGXUDV FRGRYtUXVGDFLQRPRVHVREUHDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVJHUDQGRXPDLQFOXVmRHRVLQRItOLFDTXHSRGHVHU
JUDYHVHPFDYDORVHSRUSLFDGDVGHDEHOKDV REVHUYDGDQRFLWRSODVPDGHKHPiFLDVHOHXFyFLWRV$SUHVHQoDGHVVHFRUS~VFXORpSDWRJQRP{QLFDSDUD
FLQRPRVHHVXDREVHUYDomRpPDLVIUHTXHQWHQDIDVHDJXGDGDGRHQoDGHYLGRDRIHQ{PHQRGDYLUHPLD
eLPSRUWDQWHUHVVDOWDUTXHDSUHVHQoDGHHTXLQyFLWRVQRVDQJXHpIUHTXHQWHPHQWHYLVWDFRPRDUWHIDWRV $QmRYLVXDOL]DomRQmRSRGHVHUXVDGDSDUDGHVFDUWDUDVXVSHLWDGDGRHQoD)LJXUDE²-
GHVDQJXHÝHOKRµRXDUPD]HQDGRRXVHMDVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVGHSRXFDUHOHYkQFLDSDWROyJLFDQDPDLRULD
dos casos. Rouleaux eritrocitário ou hemácias em rouleaux1RVHVIUHJDoRVVDQJXtQHRVQDiUHDDSURSULDGDSDUD
OHLWXUD DV FpOXODV VH GLVWULEXHP HP PRQRFDPDGDV $V KHPiFLDV DSUHVHQWDP FDUJD HOpWULFD QHJDWLYD
Acantócitos²2VDFDQWyFLWRVVmRFpOXODVFRPSURWXEHUkQFLDVP~OWLSODVGHIRUPDLUUHJXODUHFRPDSDUrQ-
GHWHUPLQDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHSHORiFLGRVLiOLFRFRQWLGRHPDOJXPDVJOLFRSURWHtQDVGHPHPEUDQD'HVVD
FLDGHGHGRV(ODVVHIRUPDPQRVDQJXHGHYLGRDOWHUDo}HVUHODFLRQDGDVDRFROHVWHUROHIRVIROLStGHRVQDV
IRUPDDVKHPiFLDVVRIUHPXPIHQ{PHQRGHUHSXOVmRGHQRPLQDGRSRWHQFLDO]HWDID]HQGRFRPTXHHV-
PHPEUDQDVGRVHULWUyFLWRV6mRREVHUYDGRVHPDQLPDLVFRPHQIHUPLGDGHVKHSiWLFDVHKHPDQJLRVDUFR-
VDVFpOXODVDSDUHoDPVHSDUDGDVXPDGDVRXWUDV(PDOJXPDVVLWXDo}HVFRPRH[HPSORHPSURFHVVRV
PD3RGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVWDPEpPDVVRFLDGRVFRPDQRUPDOLGDGHVOLStGLFDVLQGX]LGDVSRUGLVIXQo}HV
LQÁDPDWyULRVHLQIHFFLRVRVRDXPHQWRGDVSURWHtQDVSODVPiWLFDVID]FRPTXHHVVHSRWHQFLDO]HWDVHMD
UHQDLV)LJXUD²'HD²$
perdido e as hemácias se distribuam uma sobre as outras, sendo esse achado denominado Rouleaux
HULWURFLWiULR)LJXUD²,HD²'
2VDFDQWyFLWRVVmRPDLVREVHUYDGRVHPFmHVHJDWRVPDVSRGHPVHUYLVWRVWDPEpPHPRXWUDVHV-
SpFLHVFRPPHQRUUHOHYkQFLDGLDJQyVWLFD (PHTXLQRVDIRUPDomRGHURXOHDX[HULWURFLWiULRpÀVLROyJLFDHQmRWHPUHODomRFRPDXPHQWRQDFRQFHQ-
tração de proteínas plasmáticas. As hemácias de búfalos e felinos também apresentam uma tendência
Córpusculo de Heinz²5HIHUHVHjR[LGDomRGDKHPRJORELQDFDXVDGDSRUDJHQWHVR[LGDQWHVDOJXQV de formação de rouleaux.
DOLPHQWRVPHGLFDPHQWRVFRPSRVWRVTXtPLFRVHWF(PUHODomRjKHPRJORELQDRVJDWRVVmRPDLVVXV-
FHWtYHLVDOHV}HVR[LGDWLYDVSRLVDKHPRJORELQDIHOLQDFRQWHPRLWRJUXSRVVXOItGULFRVR[LGiYHLVHSRUHVVH 3RQWHDGREDVyÀORRXSRQWLOKDGREDVyÀOR²5HIHUHVHjSUHVHQoDGHSHTXHQDVLQFOXV}HVEDVRItOLFDV
PRWLYR&RUS~VFXORVGH+HLQ]SRGHPVHUYLVWRVHPKHPiFLDVGHJDWRVVDXGiYHLV*DWRVTXHFRQVRPHP FRQWHQGR51$DJUHJDGRVGHULERVVRPRVGLVSHUVDVSHORFLWRSODVPDGDKHPiFLD6mRREVHUYDGRVHP
DOLPHQWRVVHPL~PLGRVDSUHVHQWDPXPQ~PHURPDLRUGH&RUS~VFXORGH+HLQ]´HQGyJHQRVµGHYLGRFRQW- FDVRVGHLQWR[LFDomRSRUFKXPERSOXPELVPRGLVHULWURSRLHVHHDQHPLDKHPROtWLFDSRUGHÀFLrQFLDGDHQ-
HUSURSLOHQRJOLFROQDUDomRTXHSRGHSURYRFDOHV}HVR[LGDQWHV$SHVDUGHVVHVDQLPDLVQmRDSUHVHQWDUHP ]LPDSLULPLGLQD·QXFOHRWLGDVH31TXHpUHVSRQViYHOSHODGHJUDGDomRGDVRUJDQHODVGRVUHWLFXOyFL-
DQHPLDRWHPSRGHYLGDGDVKHPiFLDVpUHGX]LGR)LJXUD². WRVRULJLQDQGRDVKHPiFLDPDGXUDV(PUXPLQDQWHVRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHSRQWHDGREDVyÀORHPDQLPDLV
2V&RUS~VFXORVGH+HLQ]SHTXHQRVYLVWRVHPJDWRVVmRGLItFHLVGHREVHUYDU2VPDLRUHVTXHGLVWRUFHP DQrPLFRVVXJHUHTXHDDQHPLDpUHJHQHUDWLYDSRLVQHVVHVDQLPDLVDUHVSRVWDUHWLFXORFLWiULDpDXVHQWH
DPHPEUDQDGDVKHPiFLDVFRUDGRVFRP:ULJKWVmRPDLVIiFHLVGHYLVXDOL]DU6mRPHOKRUHVREVHUYDGRV )LJXUD²-
30 31
Aglutinação de hemácias²eDSUHVHQoDGHDJUHJDGRVGHKHPiFLDVJUXPRVHULWURFLWiULRVGHYLGRD F. 'DFULyFLWRV +HPiFLDV HP IRUPD GH OiJULPD RX SHUD G. +HPiFLDV IDOFLIRUPHV RX 'UHSDQyFLWRV
SUHVHQoDGHSRQWHVGHDQWLFRUSRVeXPDFKDGRVXJHVWLYRGHDQHPLDKHPROtWLFDLPXQRPHGLDGDHRFRUUH +HPiFLDVHPIRUPDGHIRLFHRXPHLDOXDH.(VTXLVWyFLWRVRXHVTXL]yFLWRV)UDJPHQWRVGHHULWUyFLWRV
WDPEpPHPWUDQVIXV}HVFRPVDQJXHLQFRPSDWtYHLV3RGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVHPOkPLQDVGHHVIUHJDoR por deterioração mecânica. I. Rouleaux eritrocitário ou hemácias em rouleaux. J. Ponteado basofílico.
VDQJXtQHRPLFURVFySLRRXDROKRQ~GHQWURGRWXERGHFROHWDFRP('7$QRTXDOSRGHVHIRUPDUGHYLGR 3UHVHQoDGHSHTXHQDVLQFOXV}HVEDVRItOLFDVFRQWHQGR51$DJUHJDGRVGHULERVVRPRVGLVSHUVDSHOR
RWHPSRGHFROHWDGRVDQJXHGHPRUDSDUDFROKHURPDWHULDORXKRPRJHQHL]DomRLQDGHTXDGD)LJXUD FLWRSODVPD . &RUS~VFXOR GH +HLQ] 2[LGDomR GD KHPRJORELQD FDXVDGDV SRU DJHQWHV R[LGDQWHV L.
D²( &RUS~VFXORGH+RZHOO-ROO\5HVWRVGHIUDJPHQWRVQXFOHDUHV
CURIOSIDADE
Deseritropoiese: Termo técnico utilizado para denominar uma desordem na

produção ou maturação das hemácias, fazendo com que ocorra a produção de
KHPiFLDV FRP DOWHUDo}HV PRUIROyJLFDV 2FRUUH SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP DOJXPDV
DQHPLDVKHPROtWLFDVFRQJrQLWDV
Síndrome mielodisplásica: &RPS}HP XP JUXSR GH GRHQoDV KHPDWROyJLFDV

RULJLQDGDV QD PHGXOD yVVHD D SDUWLU GH XPD PXWDomR GDV FpOXODV SURJHQLWRUDV
VWHPFHOOTXHUHVXOWDHPKHPDWRSRLHVHLQHÀFD]GLVSODVLDGHXPRXPDLVWLSRV
FHOXODUHVKHPiFLDVOHXFyFLWRVHSODTXHWDV1RVDQJXHSHULIpULFRSRGHPDSDUHFHU
FpOXODVFRPDOWHUDo}HVPDUFDQWHV$VDQHPLDVGHVHULWURSRpWLFDVVmRH[HPSORVGH
síndrome mielodisplásica
Figura 7a. $OWHUDo}HVPRUIROyJLFDVGRVHULWUyFLWRV&RORUDomRSDQyWLFRUiSLGRA.$FDQWyFLWRVH(TXLQyFL-

WRV HP HVIUHJDoR VDQJXtQHR GH FmR 6mR REVHUYDGRV QD LPDJHP RV DFDQWyFLWRV ÁHFKDV EUDQFDV H
HTXLQyFLWRVVHWDVSUHWDVDSUHVHQWDQGRPDLVSURMHo}HVGHPHPEUDQDVREMHWLYDGH[B. Células
HPDOYRHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHFmRREMHWLYDGH[C.(VIHUyFLWRVKHPiFLDVHPIRUPDWRGHHV-
IHUDHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHFmRREMHWLYDGH[D. Presença de rouleaux (hemácias empilhadas)
HPVDQJXHGHFmRREMHWLYDGH[E.3RQWRVGHDJOXWLQDomRREVHUYDGRVHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGH
cão, F.3UHVHQoDGHSROLFUyPDWyÀORKHPiFLDVMRYHQVVXJHULQGRXPDDQHPLDUHJHQHUDWLYDYLVXDOL]DGDV
HPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRREMHWLYDGH[
Figura 6 7HUPRV WpFQLFRV UHODFLRQDGRV j PRUIRORJLD GDV KHPiFLDV A. /HSWyFLWRV RX FpOXODVDOYR
B. (VIHUyFLWRV C. (OLSWyFLWRV RX RYDOyFLWRV D. $FDQWyFLWRV E. (TXLQyFLWRV RX KHPiFLDV FUHQDGDV
32 33
04 ANEMIAS
$SDODYUDDQHPLDGHULYDGRJUHJRDQDXVrQFLDKDHPLDVDQJXHVHQGRSRUWDQWR´DXVrQFLDGHVDQJXHµ

(QWUHWDQWRDXVrQFLDGHVDQJXHpLQFRPSDWtYHOFRPDYLGDVHQGRHVVHWHUPRHPSUHJDGRHUURQHDPHQWH
VHIRULQWHUSUHWDGRDRSpGDOHWUD'HVVDIRUPDQD0HGLFLQD9HWHULQiULDHQD0HGLFLQD+XPDQDDDQHPLD
UHÁHWHXPDUHGXomRQD&RQWDJHP*OREDOGH+HPiFLDV&*+QR+HPDWyFULWR+WHQDFRQFHQWUDomRGH
+HPRJORELQD+E(VVDVDOWHUDo}HVVmRYLVWDVQRHULWURJUDPDTXHpDSDUWHGRKHPRJUDPDTXHDYDOLD
a série vermelha.
IMPORTANTE SABER
Figura 7b. G.5HWLFXOyFLWRVHPHVIUHJDoRGHVDQJXHFDQLQRUHSUHVHQWDGRVSHODVVHWDV5HWLFXOyFLWRV
VmRKHPiFLDVMRYHQVTXHVXJHUHXPDDQHPLDUHJHQHUDWLYDYLVXDOL]DGDVHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRRE- Tipos de Icterícia:
jetiva de 100x) coradas com corante supravital (Azul de Cresil Brilhante), H. +HPiFLDVFRPKLSRFURPLD
HPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHFmRREMHWLYDGH[I. $QLVRFLWRVHOHYHHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRERYLQR Hemograma: ([DPH ODERUDWRULDO TXH WHP SRU ÀQDOLGDGH DQDOLVDU DV FpOXODV
REMHWLYDGH[9LVXDOL]DomRGHFpOXODVGHGLIHUHQWHVWDPDQKRVVHQGRXPDFKDGRVXJHVWLYRGHDQH- VDQJXtQHDV KHPiFLDV OHXFyFLWRV H SODTXHWDV (VVH H[DPH LQFOXL GDGRV
PLDUHJHQHUDWLYDJ.&RUS~VFXORGH/HQW]HPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHFmRREMHWLYDGH[LGHQWLÀFDGR TXDQWLWDWLYRVHTXDOLWDWLYRVHpGLYLGLGRHPWUrVSDUWHVHULWURJUDPDOHXFRJUDPDH
SHODVHWD7DPEpPFKDPDGRGHLQFOXV}HVGH/HQW]RXLQFOXV}HVGHFLQRPRVH3RGHVHUREVHUYDGRHP SODTXHWRJUDPD
FLWRSODVPDGHKHPiFLDVHOHXFyFLWRVeSDWRJQRP{QLFDSDUDDFLQRPRVH
Eritrograma: 3DUWH GR KHPRJUDPD XWLOL]DGD SDUD DYDOLDU D VpULH YHUPHOKD RX
VHMDDVKHPiFLDV2HULWURJUDPDpFRPSRVWRSHODFRQWDJHPJOREDOGHKHPiFLDV
GHWHUPLQDomR GR KHPDWyFULWR GRVDJHP GH KHPRJORELQD H FiOFXOR GRV tQGLFHV
KHPDWLPpWULFRV9*0&+*0+*0H5':
Contagem Global de Hemácias (CGH): Exame que determina a quantidade de

KHPiFLDVHPXPYROXPHGHVDQJXH$TXDQWLÀFDomRSRGHVHUUHDOL]DGDSRUPpWRGRV
PDQXDLVFRQWDJHPHPKHPRFLW{PHWURRXHPHTXLSDPHQWRVDXWRPDWL]DGRV
Hematócrito (Ht): ([DPH TXH ID] SDUWH GR HULWURJUDPD H SHUPLWH GHWHUPLQDU R
SHUFHQWXDORFXSDGRSHODVKHPiFLDVGHQWURGRVDQJXH'HWHUPLQDGRSHODVWpFQLFDV
GHPLFURKHPDWyFULWRRXFDOFXODGRQRVHTXLSDPHQWRVDXWRPDWL]DGRV
&RQFHQWUDomR GH +HPRJORELQD +E GHWHUPLQDomR GD TXDQWLGDGH GH
KHPRJORELQD HP XP YROXPH GH VDQJXH 'HWHUPLQDGR SHOR PpWRGR GD
FLDQRPHWDKHPRJORELQD
34 35
$DQHPLDSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGDFRPRYHUGDGHLUDDEVROXWDRXIDOVDUHODWLYD1DDQHPLDIDOVDUHODWLYD $OJXQVIDWRUHVGHYHPVHUOHYDGRVHPFRQVLGHUDomRGXUDQWHDDYDOLDomRGRKHPRJUDPDGRDQLPDOSRLV

ocorre uma hemodiluição, causada pelo aumento do volume plasmático, resultando em uma falsa H[LVWHPVLWXDo}HVHPTXHDVDOWHUDo}HVREVHUYDGDVQRHULWURJUDPDVmRÀVLROyJLFDV6mRH[HPSORVGH
UHGXomRQDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGHKHPiFLDV&*+QRKHPDWyFULWR+WHQDFRQFHQWUDomRGHKHPRJORELQD YDULDo}HVÀVLROyJLFDVQRVSDUkPHWURVHULWURFLWiULRV
+E3RGHRFRUUHUXPDIDOVDDQHPLDHPDQLPDLVJHVWDQWHVODFWDQWHVÀOKRWHVHHPFDVRVGHWHUDSLDV
FRP DGPLQLVWUDomR GH ÁXLGRV 1D DQHPLD YHUGDGHLUD RFRUUH XPD UHDO UHGXomR QR Q~PHUR GH FpOXODV ,GDGH²$QLPDLVPDLVMRYHQVSRGHPWHUQ~PHURVPDLVHOHYDGRVGHKHPiFLDVHPGHFRUUrQFLD
YHUPHOKDVUHVXOWDQGRHPDOWHUDo}HVGRHULWURJUDPDFDUDFWHUL]DGDVSRUGLPLQXLomRGD&*+GR+WHGD GDPDLRUDWLYLGDGHKHPDWRSRLpWLFDGDPHGXODyVVHD2VDQLPDLVMRYHQVSRGHPWHU9*0PDLV
+E HOHYDGRH&+*0PDLVEDL[RHPGHFRUUrQFLDGRPDLRUQ~PHURGHUHWLFXOyFLWRVREVHUYDGRVQR
VDQJXHSHULIpULFR
A anemia é, quase sempre, um distúrbio secundário relacionado a uma causa primária como, por exemplo, 6H[R²*HUDOPHQWHRVPDFKRVDSUHVHQWDPPDLRUHVtQGLFHVHULWURFLWiULRV&*++WH+ETXDQGR
QDDQHPLDIHUURSULYDTXHpRFDVLRQDGDSHODGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURFRPFRQVHTXHQWHGLPLQXLomRGDSURGXomR FRPSDUDGRV jV IrPHDV SRLV RV DQGUyJHQRV WHVWRVWHURQD VmR HVWLPXODQWHV GD HULWURSRLHVH
GHKHPiFLDV2XWURH[HPSORGHDQHPLDpDFDXVDGDSRUSDUDVLWDVJDVWULQWHVWLQDLVKHPDWyIDJRVFRPRR HQTXDQWRRVHVWUyJHQRVVmRLQLELGRUHV$LQÁXrQFLDGRVH[RMiIRLREVHUYDGDSDUDSULPDWDVQmR
+DHPRQFKXVFRQWRUWXVHPUXPLQDQWHVHDLQIHFomRSRU$QFLORVWRPDHPFmHV$HVSROLDomRVHYHUDSRU KXPDQRVRQGHRVPDFKRVDSUHVHQWDUDPPDLRUHVYDORUHVSDUD&*++WH+E3DUDFDLWLWXVRYL-
HFWRSDUDVLWDVFDUUDSDWRVSXOJDVPRVFDGRFKLIUHSRGHUHGX]LUDTXDQWLGDGHGHKHPiFLDVR+WHD QRVHE~IDORVRVH[RQmRLQÁXHQFLRXRVYDORUHVGRHULWURJUDPD
FRQFHQWUDomRGH+EFDUDFWHUL]DQGRDQHPLD$OJXPDVGRHQoDVLQIHFFLRVDVWDPEpPSURYRFDPDQHPLD $OWLWXGH²(PORFDLVGHHOHYDGDDOWLWXGHDWHQVmRGHR[LJrQLRpPHQRUHSRGHUHVXOWDUHPXPD
como a panleucopenia felina, cinomose, leishmaniose, parvovirose, anemia infecciosa equina (AIE), VLWXDomR GH KLSy[LD $ KLSy[LD WHFLGXDO HVWLPXOD D VtQWHVH GH HULWURSRLHWLQD TXH YDL DWXDU QD
babesiose, anaplasmose, leptospirose, dentre outras. PHGXODyVVHDHVWLPXODQGRDHULWURSRLHVHUHVXOWDQGRHPDXPHQWRQD&*++WH+E
5DoD2VFDYDORVVDQJXtQHRVDSWLGmRSDUDFRUULGDDSUHVHQWDPPDLRUQ~PHURGHHULWUyFLWRVHP
$OpPGHVVDVFDXVDVDSHUGDGHVDQJXHSRUKHPRUUDJLDDJXGDRXFU{QLFDpFDXVDIUHTXHQWHGHTXDGURV relação aos cavalos linfáticos (usados para tração) devido à necessidade de maior demanda de
de anemia em animais domésticos e silvestres. A destruição das hemácias nos processos hemolíticos R[LJrQLRGXUDQWHDWLYLGDGHVDHUyELFDV$OJXPDVUDoDVGHFmHVGHFRUULGDWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDP
WDPEpP JHUD DQHPLD QRV DQLPDLV 'HVVD IRUPD R WUDWDPHQWR GDV DQHPLDV HQYROYH R GLDJQyVWLFR H PDLVHULWUyFLWRVHPUHODomRDRVRXWURVFmHV
resolução da causa primária que está provocando o quadro anêmico. &mHVGDUDoDSRRGOHSULQFLSDOPHQWHRVWR\VDSUHVHQWDPKHPiFLDVPDFURFtWLFDVHQTXDQWRHP
2V VLQWRPDV H VLQDLV FOtQLFRV REVHUYDGRV QRV DQLPDLV DQrPLFRV VmR EHP DEUDQJHQWHV H SRGHP VHU $NLWDVDVKHPiFLDVVmRÀVLRORJLFDPHQWHPLFURFtWLFDV$SUHVHQoDGHPHWDUUXEUyFLWRVKHPiFLDV
FODVVLÀFDGRVHPFDXVDV nucleadas) é normalmente observada em cães das raças Daschund e Shinauzers.
([HUFtFLR²$SUDWLFDGHH[HUFtFLRDQWHVGDFROHWDGHVDQJXHSDUDUHDOL]DomRGRKHPRJUDPDSRGH
aumentar os índices eritrocitários. A contração esplênica, que pode ocorrer durante o exercício,
5HGXomRGDYROHPLDYROXPHVDQJXtQHR OLEHUDSDUDRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRDVKHPiFLDVHSODTXHWDVTXHÀFDPHVWRFDGDVQREDoR'HVVD
Palidez das mucosas IRUPDpLPSRUWDQWHUHDOL]DUDFROHWDGHVDQJXHSDUDKHPRJUDPDHPDQLPDLVGHVFDQVDGRV
3DOLGH]GRVyUJmRVHWHFLGRV (VWDGRVÀVLROyJLFRV²1DJHVWDomRHQDODFWDomRSRGHRFRUUHUUHWHQomRGHOtTXLGRVUHVXOWDQGR
em hemodiluição que pode causar uma anemia relativa ou falsa.
+LSy[LDUHGXomRGRIRUQHFLPHQWRGH2SDUDRVyUJmRVHWHFLGRV
&LDQRVH²FRORUDomRDUUR[HDGDGDVPXFRVDVHH[WUHPLGDGHV (VVDV YDULDo}HV ÀVLROyJLFDV GHYHP VHU OHYDGDV HP FRQVLGHUDomR SDUD D FRUUHWD LQWHUSUHWDomR GR
Intolerância ao exercício / Apatia HULWURJUDPD([FOXtGDVHVVDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVHXPDYH]FRQVWDWDGDXPDDQHPLDYHUGDGHLUDpLPSRUWDQWH
'LVSQHLDSDUDFRPSHQVDUDPHQRUFRQFHQWUDomRGHR[LJrQLRGHFRUUHQWHGRPHQRUQ~PHURGH WHQWDUHOXFLGDUVXDSURYiYHOFDXVD6mRFDXVDVGHDQHPLDVKHPRUUDJLDVDJXGDVHFU{QLFDVGRHQoDV
KHPiFLDVTXHDWUDYpVGDKHPRJORELQDVmRDVFpOXODVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODR[LJHQDomRGRVWHFL- KHPROtWLFDVGRHQoDVLQIHFFLRVDVGRHQoDVPHWDEyOLFDVQHRSODVLDVFDUrQFLDGHQXWULHQWHVHVVHQFLDLV
dos. SDUDSURGXomRGHKHPiFLDVDGPLQLVWUDomRGHPHGLFDPHQWRVPLHORWy[LFRV
'LVIXQomRGHyUJmRVHWHFLGRV5HGXomRGHIRUQHFLPHQWRGHR[LJrQLRSDUDWHFLGRVLPSRUWDQWHV
FRPR WHFLGR QHUYRVR +LSy[LD KHSiWLFD WDPEpP SRGH FDXVDU OHV}HV FRP H[WUDYDVDPHQWR GH
enzimas.
0HFDQLVPRVGHFRPSHQVDomRGRRUJDQLVPR
Aceleração do pulso, taquicardia. Pelo menor número de hemácias, a velocidade da circulação
DXPHQWDSDUDFRPSHQVDUDIDOWDGH2HQXWULHQWHVSDUDRVyUJmRV
'LVSQHLDWDPEpPSRGHVHULQFOXtGDFRPRXPPHFDQLVPRFRPSHQVDWyULRGRRUJDQLVPRIUHQWH
DXPDVLWXDomRGHDQHPLDSRLVHVWiKDYHQGRXPGpÀFLWQDR[LJHQDomRGRVWHFLGRVTXHSDUD
FRPSHQVDUDXPHQWDDWD[DUHVSLUDWyULD
(VVHVVLQDLVSRVVLELOLWDPRGLDJQyVWLFRFOtQLFRGHDQLPDLVDQrPLFRV(QWUHWDQWRRGLDJQyVWLFRODERUDWRULDO
pRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHHVHJXURSDUDFRQÀUPDUDVDQHPLDV3DUDRGLDJQyVWLFRODERUDWRULDOpXWLOL]DGRR
KHPRJUDPDFRPSOHWRRQGHpDYDOLDGRRHULWURJUDPD
36 37
GH FpOXODV LPDWXUDV QR VDQJXH SHULIpULFR UHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORV PHWDUUXEUyFLWRV 6mR VLQDLV
GH DQHPLDV UHJHQHUDWLYDV D REVHUYDomR GH DQLVRFLWRVH PDFURFLWRVH UHWLFXORFLWRVH SROLFURPDWRÀOLD
SUHVHQoD GH SRQWLOKDGR EDVyÀOR FRUS~VFXORV GH +RZHOO-ROO\ H PHWDUUXEUyFLWRV 1D YHWHULQiULD DV
HVSpFLHVGLIHUHPQDVXDUHVSRVWDUHJHQHUDWLYDHHVWDVGLIHUHQoDVGHYHPVHUOHYDGDVHPFRQVLGHUDomR
SDUDGHWHUPLQDUVHXPDDQHPLDpUHJHQHUDWLYDRXQmR
(PFmHVJDWRVHVXtQRVVmRVLQDLVGHDQHPLDVUHJHQHUDWLYDVDREVHUYDomRGHDQLVRFLWRVHUHWLFXORFLWRVH
SROLFURPDWRÀOLDSUHVHQoDGHFRUS~VFXORVGH+RZHOO-ROO\HPHWDUUXEUyFLWRV1HVVDVHVSpFLHVDPHGXOD
yVVHD DWLYD OLEHUD PXLWDV FpOXODV LPDWXUDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH UHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORV QR VDQJXH
SHULIpULFR'HVVDIRUPDDFRQWDJHPGHUHWLFXOyFLWRVp~WLOSDUDHVWDEHOHFHUVHDUHVSRVWDpUHJHQHUDWLYD
RXQmR$HOHYDGDTXDQWLGDGHGHFRUS~VFXORVGH+RZHOO-ROO\SRGHGHQRWDUDRFRUUrQFLDGHKHPDWRSRLHVH
H[WUDPHGXODUSRLVyUJmRVFRPRItJDGRHEDoRSRUQmRVHUHPRVWHFLGRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVQDKHPDWRSRLHVH
OLEHUDPKHPiFLDVDLQGDFRPIUDJPHQWRVGHQ~FOHRV
(PHTXLQRVDPHGXODyVVHDQRUPDOPHQWHQmROLEHUDUHWLFXOyFLWRVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR$VVLPQHVVD
HVSpFLHUHWLFXORFLWRVHSROLFURPDWRÀOLDQmRVmRREVHUYDGRVFRPRUHVSRVWDUHJHQHUDWLYD(PFDVRVPXLWR
UDURVGHSHUGDGHVDQJXHDJXGDRXDQHPLDKHPROtWLFDDOJXQVSRXFRVSROLFURPDWyÀORVHPHWDUUXEUyFLWRV
SRGHP VHU HQFRQWUDGRV QR VDQJXH $ PHGXOD yVVHD HTXLQD WDPEpP SRGH OLEHUDU PDFUyFLWRV
QRUPRFU{PLFRV0DFUyFLWRVVmRRVJOyEXORVYHUPHOKRVMRYHQVPDLRUHVGRTXHDVKHPiFLDVPDGXUDVTXH
VHFRUDPFRPRFpOXODVPDGXUDVQRUPRFU{PLFRV(VWHVJHUDOPHQWHpR~QLFRVLQDOGHUHJHQHUDomRHP
FDYDORVDQrPLFRVHTXDQGRPXLWRQXPHURVRVSRGHPDXPHQWDUR5':H9*0+HPRJUDPDVVHULDGRVH
Figura 8 +HPRSDUDVLWDV DXPHQWR FRP REMHWLYD GH [ FRUDQWH 3DQyWLFR UiSLGR A e B. Babesia RH[DPHGDPHGXODyVVHDSRGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVSDUDDYDOLDURJUDXGHUHJHQHUDomRHULWUyLGHHGHWHUPLQDU
VSSSDUDVLWDQGRKHPiFLDVYLVXDOL]DGDVHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHXPFmRLGHQWLÀFDGDVSHODVVHWDV VHDDQHPLDpRXQmRUHJHQHUDWLYD(QWUHWDQWRRPLHORJUDPDSRUVHUXPH[DPHLQYDVLYRQmRpXWLOL]DGR
C. 3UHVHQoDGH'LURÀODULDLPPLWLVHPHVIUHJDoRGHVDQJXHGHXPFmRD.3UHVHQoDGH'LURÀODULDVSSHP QDURWLQDGHDYDOLDomRGDUHVSRVWDHULWUyGHUHJHQHUDWLYD
HVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHSULPDWDV (PUXPLQDQWHVRVUHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORVWDPEpPQmRVmRREVHUYDGRVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRGH
DQLPDLVVDXGiYHLV1HVVDVHVSpFLHVHPDQLPDLVFRPVHYHUDVDQHPLDKHPRUUiJLFDVRXKHPROLWLFDVD
3DUDWHQWDUHVFODUHFHURPHFDQLVPRFDXVDGRUGRTXDGURDQrPLFRpIXQGDPHQWDOFRQKHFHUDVFODVVLÀFDo}HV UHVSRVWDUHWLFXORFLWiULDpSHTXHQD6HQGRDVVLPDTXDQWLÀFDomRGHUHWLFXOyFLWRVQmRIRUQHFHLQIRUPDo}HV
GDVDQHPLDV$FODVVLÀFDomRSRGHVHUIHLWDFRPEDVHQRJUDXGHUHJHQHUDomRPHGXODUUHJHQHUDWLYDRX DGLFLRQDLVSDUDDYDOLDUVHDDQHPLDpUHJHQHUDWLYDRXQmR1DVDQHPLDVUHJHQHUDWLYDVSRGHPVHUYLVWRV
QmRUHJHQHUDWLYDQDDYDOLDomRPRUIROyJLFD9*0H&+*0HQRPHFDQLVPRSDWRÀVLROyJLFR SROLFURPDVLDPDFUyFLWRVSRQWLOKDGREDVyÀORHFRUS~VFXORVGH+RZHOO-ROO\
&ODVVLÀFDomRFRPEDVHQRJUDXGHUHJHQHUDomRPHGXODU &ODVVLÀFDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVDQHPLDV
$V DQHPLDV SRGHP VHU FODVVLÀFDGDV GH DFRUGR FRP D UHVSRVWD GD PHGXOD yVVHD HP GRLV WLSRV $DYDOLDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVDQHPLDVpUHDOL]DGDDWUDYpVGDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRVUHVXOWDGRVGRVtQGLFHV
UHJHQHUDWLYDVHDUUHJHQHUDWLYDV$YDOLDomRGDUHVSRVWDPHGXODUpXPSDVVRLQLFLDOQDFDUDFWHUL]DomRGH KHPDWLPpWULFRV 9*0 H &+*0 H[SUHVVRV QR KHPRJUDPD $V KHPiFLDV QRUPDLV VmR UHIHULGDV FRPR
uma anemia. QRUPRFtWLFDVHQRUPRFU{PLFDVRXVHMDR9*0HR&+*0HVWmRGHQWURGRVLQWHUYDORVGHUHIHUrQFLDSDUD
1DV DQHPLDV UHJHQHUDWLYDV D SURGXomR GH KHPiFLDV QD PHGXOD yVVHD PDQWHPVH QRUPDO RX SRGH HVSpFLH&RPEDVHQDLQWHUSUHWDomRGHVVHVtQGLFHVDVKHPiFLDVSRGHPVHUFODVVLÀFDGDVHP
HVWDUDXPHQWDGDSDUDWHQWDUUHVWDEHOHFHUDUHGXomRGHVVDVFpOXODVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR$VDQHPLDV Macrocíticas: VGM acima do intervalo de referência.
UHJHQHUDWLYDVVmRFDXVDGDVSRUKHPRUUDJLDVRXKHPyOLVH1HVVDVVLWXDo}HVDUHGXomRQDTXDQWLGDGH Microcíticas: VGM abaixo do intervalo de referência.
GH KHPiFLDV QR VDQJXH HVWLPXOD D SURGXomR GH HULWURSRLHWLQD (32 TXH YDL DWXDU QD PHGXOD yVVHD +LSRFU{PLFDV&+*0DEDL[RGRLQWHUYDORGHUHIHUrQFLD
favorecendo a proliferação e diferenciação das células precursoras. +LSHUFU{PLFDV&+*0DFLPDGRLQWHUYDORGHUHIHUrQFLD1mRH[LVWHKLSHUFURPLDYHUGDGHLUDSRLV
1DVDQHPLDVDUUHJHQHUDWLYDVDPHGXODyVVHDQmRFRQVHJXHPDQWHURXDXPHQWDUSURGXomRGHKHPiFLDV KiXPJUDXGHVDWXUDomRGDKHPRJORELQDGHQWURGDFpOXOD6HRFRUUHUJHUDOPHQWHpGHYLGRD
HPFRQVHTXHQFLDGHOHV}HVQDPHGXODyVVHDRXFDUrQFLDGHVXEVWUDWRVQHFHVViULRVjHULWURSRLHVH(32 XPHUURDQDOtWLFRRXRFRUUrQFLDGHKHPyOLVHHOLSHPLD$SUHVHQoDGHHVIHUyFLWRVRXGHKHPi-
IHUURYLWDPLQDVGRFRPSOH[R%KRUP{QLRVGHQWUHRXWURV FLDVFRPFRUS~VFXORGHKHLQ]WDPEpPSRGHDFDUUHWDUHPIDOVRDXPHQWRGR&+*0
1R HULWURJUDPD DSDUHFHP LQIRUPDo}HV LPSRUWDQWHV SDUD GLIHUHQFLDU HVVHV GRLV WLSRV GH DQHPLDV $ $V DOWHUDo}HV REVHUYDGDV QRV tQGLFHV KHPDWLPpWULFRV SRGHP DMXGDU QD LQWHUSUHWDomR GR SURYiYHO
DYDOLDomR GD FDSDFLGDGH GH UHJHQHUDomR HULWUyLGH p IHLWD JHUDOPHQWH SHOD REVHUYDomR GD SUHVHQoD PHFDQLVPRFDXVDGRUGDVDQHPLDV(VWDFODVVLÀFDomRpXPDH[FHOHQWHDERUGDJHPLQLFLDOHPXPSDFLHQWH
38 39
DQrPLFR H SRGH OHYDU UDSLGDPHQWH jV LQYHVWLJDo}HV DGHTXDGDV SDUD GHWHUPLQDU D FDXVD GD DQHPLD
Tabela 2 &ODVVLÀFDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVDQHPLDVHLQWHUSUHWDomRFOtQLFD
(Tabela 2).
As anemias Normocíticas/Normocrômicas indicam falta de resposta medular. Nessas anemias VGM CHGM Interpretação clínica
REVHUYDVHSRXFDRXQHQKXPDUHVSRVWDGDPHGXODyVVHDDUUHJHQHUDWLYDV(VVHWLSRGHDQHPLDRFRUUH
HP GRHQoDV FU{QLFDV FRPR DV GRHQoDV UHQDLV GLPLQXLomR QD VtQWHVH GH (32 GRHQoDV HQGyFULQDV Normocítica 1RUPRFU{PLFD 1mRUHJHQHUDWLYDVDQHPLDVGDVGRHQoDVFURQLFDV
KLSRWLUHRLGLVPR²DWLUR[LQDHVWLPXODDHULWRSRLHVHKLSRDGUHQRFRUWLFLVPR²RVKRUP{QLRVGDVDGUHQDLV Normocítica +LSRFU{PLFD ,QtFLRGDGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUUR
também estimulam a eritropoiese), doenças hepáticas, doenças infecciosas que promovem depressão
Macrocítica +LSRFU{PLFD $QHPLDVUHJHQHUDWLYDVKHPRUUDJLDHKHPyOLVH
GD PHGXOD yVVHD OHLVKPDQLRVH HUOLFKLRVH SDUYRYLURVH FLQRPRVH DQHPLD LQIHFFLRVD HTXLQD HWF
QHRSODVLDVPHWiVWDVHQDPHGXODyVVHDHHPFDVRVGHFDUrQFLDGHQXWULHQWHVQHFHVViULRVjSURGXomR Macrocítica 1RUPRFU{PLFD 'HÀFLrQFLD GH YLWDPLQD % IRODWRV FREDOWR HP
de hemácias (anemias carenciais). ruminantes, Mielose eritrêmica, Macrocitose em
poodles
As anemias Macrocíticas/Hipocrômicas VmR VXJHVWLYDV GH DXPHQWR QD DWLYLGDGH HULWURSRpWLFD QD
PHGXODyVVHDDQHPLDVUHJHQHUDWLYDVHGHQRWDPHPFmHVJDWRVHVXtQRVDXPHQWRQDOLEHUDomRGH Microcítica 1RUPRFU{PLFD 'HÀFLrQFLDGHIHUUR&mHVGDUDoDDNLWD
UHWLFXOyFLWRVSDUDRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR2VUHWLFXOyFLWRVFRQWULEXHPSDUDRDXPHQWRGR9*0VmRFpOXODV Microcítica +LSRF{PLFD 'HÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURFREDOWRHYLWDPLQD%3HUGD
PDLRUHVHUHGXomRGR&+*0SRLVDSUHVHQWDUDPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDPHQRVGHKHPRJORELQDTXH GHVDQJXHFU{QLFD
RHULWUyFLWRPDGXUR$VDQHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDVHKHPROtWLFDVVmRWLSLFDPHQWHUHJHQHUDWLYDV
As anemias Microcíticas/Hipocrômicas HVWmR UHODFLRQDGDV j GHÀFLrQFLD GH )H IHUUR H 9LWDPLQD %
SLULGR[LQD1DGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURRFRUUHDOWHUDomRQDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQDDSDUHFHQGRKHPiFLDV &ODVVLÀFDomRGDVDQHPLDVFRPEDVHQRPHFDQLVPRSDWRÀVLROyJLFR
KLSRFU{PLFDVQDFLUFXODomR3RUpPDSHVDUGHRFRUUHUUHGXomRQDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQDQmRRFRUUH
redução na síntese de DNA, ocorrendo as mitoses e produzindo a liberação de hemácias menores na a) Anemias hemorrágicas
FLUFXODomRFDXVDQGRPLFURFLWRVH(VVHWLSRGHDQHPLDpFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGDVSHUGDVGHVDQJXHFU{QLFDFRPR
SRUH[HPSORHPFDVRVGH~OFHUDVJiVWULFDVTXHSURPRYHPSHUGDGHVDQJXHSHORWUDWRJDVWULQWHVWLQDO 6mRFRPXQVHPDQLPDLV(ODVRFRUUHPGHYLGRjSHUGDGHVDQJXHGHIRUPDDJXGDRXFU{QLFDSRGHQGR
QHRSODVLDVGHVRUGHQVGDFRDJXODomRLQIHVWDomRSRUHQGRHHFWRSDUDVLWDVTXHFRQWULEXHPSDUDDSHUGD VHUH[WHUQDRXLQWHUQD3RGHPRFRUUHUGHYLGRDWUDXPDVSHUGDH[FHVVLYDGHVDQJXHHPSURFHGLPHQWRV
de ferro. FLU~UJLFRVGHIHLWRVKHPRVWiWLFRVLQWR[LFDomRSRUDQWLFRDJXODQWHVGRHQoDVKHSiWLFDVUHGXomRGRVID-
WRUHVGHFRDJXODomROHV}HVJDVWURLQWHVWLQDLVHQHRSODVLDVFRPVDQJUDPHQWRFDYLWiULR
$V DQHPLDV FODVVLÀFDGDV FRPR Macrocíticas/Normocrômicas HVWmR UHODFLRQDGDV FRP GHÀFLrQFLD
GH 9LWDPLQD % H ÉFLGR )yOLFR TXH VmR HVWLPXODGRUHV GDV GLYLV}HV FHOXODUHV GXUDQWH R SURFHVVR GH $DQHPLDKHPRUUiJLFDRFRUUHWDPEpPHPFRQVHTXrQFLDGHGRHQoDVSDUDVLWiULDVDH[HPSORGDSHGLFX-
HULWURSRLHVH&RPDGHÀFLrQFLDGHVVDVYLWDPLQDVQmRKiVtQWHVHQRUPDOGH'1$RFRUUHQGRDOWHUDo}HV ORVHERYLQDLQIHVWDo}HVJUDYHVSRUSXOJDVHFDUUDSDWRVHPÀOKRWHVGHFmHVHJDWRVLQIHFomRSRUDQFLORV-
QDV GLYLV}HV FHOXODUHV H GHIHLWRV QD PDWXUDomR GDV FpOXODV 'HVVD IRUPD VmR OLEHUDGDV QR VDQJXH WRPtGHRVHPÀOKRWHVGHFmHVHKHPRQFRVHHPSHTXHQRVUXPLQDQWHV
SHULIpULFRFpOXODVPDLRUHVPDFUyFLWRVDXPHQWDQGRR9*0$SURGXomRGHKHPRJORELQDpQRUPDOSRU
LVVRDDQHPLDpQRUPRFU{PLFD6mRFDXVDVGHVVHWLSRGHDQHPLDGRHQoDVPLHORSUROLIHUDWLYDVGRHQoDV 1RV DQLPDLV PDLV YHOKRV SRGHP RFRUUHU KHPRUUDJLDV FU{QLFDV GHYLGR D QHRSODVLDV JUDVWURLQWHVWLQDLV
KHSiWLFDVXVRGHGURJDVLQLELGRUDVGHiFLGRIyOLFRGLVW~UELRVQXWULFLRQDLVDQHPLDPHJDOREOiVWLFDSRU FDXVDQGRGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURRXWDPEpPDSUHVHQoDGHWURPERFLWRSHQLDFU{QLFDLPXQRPHGLDGD$VXV-
GHÀFLrQFLDGHYLWDPLQD%HiFLGRIyOLFR(PUXPLQDQWHVDGHÀFLrQFLDGH&REDOWRFRIDWRUSDUDVtQWHVH SHLWDGHWXPRUHVLQWHVWLQDLVFRPVDQJUDPHQWRGHYHVHUFRQVLGHUDGDHPUHVXOWDGRVGHKHPRJUDPDVXJ-
de Vitamina B12) pode causar esse tipo de anemia. HVWLYRGHGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURKLSRFURPLDHPLFURFLWRVH
As anemias Microcíticas/Normocrômicas VmR REVHUYDGRV QR LQtFLR GD GHÀFLrQFLD GH )H e QRUPDO e LPSRUWDQWH UHVVDOWDU TXH RFRUUH XPD DQHPLD DVVRFLDGD j KLSRSURWHLQHPLD HP FDVR GH KHPRUUDJLD
REVHUYDUPLFURFLWRVHHQRUPRFURPLDHPFmHVGDUDoD$NLWD TXHRFRUUHXQDVDKRUDVSUHFHGHQWHV2XVRGHVRURLQMHWiYHOSDUDDXPHQWDURYROXPHVDQJXtQHR
1DWDEHODHVWmRUHVXPLGRVRVWLSRVHDLQWHUSUHWDomRGDVDQHPLDVFRPEDVHQDFODVVLÀFDomRPRUIROyJLFD HHVWDELOL]DUDSUHVVmRVDQJXtQHDID]FRPTXHRFRUUDXPDGLOXLomRVDQJXtQHDUHVXOWDQGRHPDQHPLDH
hipoproteinemia.
$VDQHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDVVmRGHFDUiWHUUHJHQHUDWLYRSRLVGHYLGRDSHUGDVDQJXtQHDRFRUUHVLWXDomR
GHKLSy[LDWHFLGXDOFRPFRQVHTXHQWHDXPHQWRQDVtQWHVHGH(32TXHYDLHVWLPXODUDPXOWLSOLFDomRH
GLIHUHQFLDomRGRVSUHFXUVRUHVHULWUyLGHV(QWUHWDQWRRVVLQDLVGHDQHPLDUHJHQHUDWLYDQRKHPRJUDPD
DQLVRFLWRVHSROLFURPDWRÀOLDPHWDUUXEUyFLWRVHWFVyVmRYLVWRVJHUDOPHQWHDSyVKRUDVGRLQtFLRGD
KHPRUUDJLD
40 41
$OJXQV PHGLFDPHQWRV SRGHP LQLELU R PHWDEROLVPR GRV HULWUyFLWRV RX GHVQDWXUDU H SUHFLSLWDU D
KHPRJORELQD$KHPyOLVHRFRUUHSRUGLVW~UELRQDWUDPDSURWHLFDFRPSOH[DGRHULWUyFLWRTXHHQYROYHD
SURGXomRGHHQHUJLDDSDUWLUGRPHWDEROLVPRGDJOLFRVH2XVHMDTXDLVTXHUDOWHUDo}HVQRVFRPSRQHQWHV
GDPHPEUDQDTXHSURPRYHPUHVLVWrQFLDHÁH[LELOLGDGHSRGHPSURYRFDUDKHPyOLVH
IMPORTANTE SABER
0HGLFDPHQWRV TXH FRQWrP R[LGDQWHV IRUWHV H[ DVSLULQD H R SURSLOHQRJOLFRO DGLWLYR GH DOLPHQWRV
Intervalo de referência: FRPHUFLDLVSDUDDQLPDLVSRGHPLQGX]LUDGHVQDWXUDomRGDKHPRJORELQDIRUPDomRGHFRUS~VFXORGH
+HLQ] H GHFUpVFLPR QD PHLDYLGD GDV KHPiFLDV SURYRFDQGR DQHPLD KHPROtWLFD 3HQLFLOLQD H D VXOID
2JUDXGHDQHPLDGHVHUDYDOLDGRWDPEpPHPFRQMXQWRFRPDFRQFHQWUDomRGH trimetropim têm sido associadas à anemia hemolítica em cavalos.
proteínas plasmáticas. Quando a proteína plasmática está aumentada, o animal
pode estar desidratado e a anemia pode ser mais severa do que os índices $LQJHVWmRRXFRQWDWRFRPDOJXPDVVXEVWkQFLDVTXtPLFDVSRGHSURYRFDUDJUHVVmRR[LGDWLYDDRVHULWUyFLWRV
eritrocitários indicam. SRUVREUHFDUJDDRDPELHQWHGHUHGXomR$IRUPDomRGHPHWDPRJORELQDpXPSUpUHTXLVLWRLPSRUWDQWH
QRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHSUHFLSLWDomRGHKHPRJORELQDGHVQDWXUDGDHIRUPDomRGRFRUS~VFXORGH+HLQ]TXH
(P DQHPLDV KHPRUUiJLFDV D SURWHtQD SODVPiWLFD WDPEpP HVWi VHQGR SHUGLGD SRGHVHUREVHUYDGRHPOkPLQDVGHHVIUHJDoRVVDQJXtQHRVQDURWLQD
podendo resultar em hipoproteinemia.
$V FHERODV FRQWrP XP DJHQWH FDXVDGRU GH DQHPLD KHPROtWLFD R[LGDWLYD TXH DIHWD HTXLQRV ERYLQRV
Nas anemias hemolíticas pode não haver alteração na concentração de proteínas. FmHV H JDWRV 2V ERYLQRV SRGHP DSUHVHQWDU FRPR VLQDLV FOtQLFRV SDOLGH] LFWHUtFLD IUDTXH]D H
KHPRJORELQ~ULD
(PFmHVSRGHRFRUUHULQWR[LFDomRSRU]LQFRSRUPHLRGDLQJHVWmRGHPRHGDVURVFDVRXRXWURVPDWHULDLV
semelhantes, apresentando sinais clínicos de palidez e icterícia.
b) Anemias hemolíticas Em bovinos, ovinos e suínos pode ocorrer intoxicação por cobre quando o mesmo excede a capacidade
GHOLJDomRGDVSURWHtQDVWUDQVSRUWDGRUDV(PFmHVSRGHRFRUUHUXPDFULVHKHPROtWLFDGHYLGRjOLEHUDomR
Anemia hemolítica ocorre devido à destruição (lise) anormal e excessiva das hemácias de maneira GHFREUHQRVHVWiJLRVÀQDLVGHGRHQoDVKHSiWLFDV1RVHVIUHJDoRVVDQJXtQHRVSRGHPVHUREVHUYDGRV
LQWUDYDVFXODUQRLQWHULRUGRVYDVRVVDQJXtQHRVRXH[WUDYDVFXODUHPyUJmRVULFRVHPFpOXODVGR60) FRUS~VFXORV GH +HLQ] HVTXL]yFLWRV H R SODVPD SRGH HVWDU KHPROLVDGR GHYLGR D LQWHQVD KHPyOLVH
1D OLVH LQWUDYDVFXODU RV HULWUyFLWRV OLEHUDP D KHPRJORELQD QR SODVPD H HVWD VH OLJD D KDSWRJORELQD intravascular.
TXHpXPDGDVSURWHtQDVSODVPiWLFDV(PVHJXLGDRVKHSDWyFLWRVUHPRYHPRFRPSOH[RKHPRJORELQD $OJXQVERYLQRVSRGHPDSUHVHQWDUXPDGLHWDGHÀFLHQWHHPIyVIRURTXHUHVXOWDHPXPDDQHPLDKHPROtWLFD
KDSWRJORELQDTXHpGHJUDGDGRHGiRULJHPDELOLUUXELQD$SUHVHQoDGHKHPRJORELQHPLDHKHPRJORELQ~ULD hipofosfatêmica, e esses servem como indicadores de distúrbio nutricional no rebanho. Vacas com
SRGHPVHULQGLFDGRUHVGHKHPyOLVHLQWUDYDVFXODUFDVRDOLEHUDomRGHKHPRJORELQDVXSHUHDTXDQWLGDGH KHPRJORELQ~ULDQRSyVSDUWRSRGHPDSUHVHQWDUHVWHWLSRGHDQHPLD(VVHVDQLPDLVDSUHVHQWDPFRPR
GHKDSWRJORELQD VLQWRPDVQDFULVHKHPROtWLFDSDOLGH]LFWHUtFLDVDQJXHDTXRVRHGHPDSXOPRQDUHFROHo}HVGHOtTXLGRV
$PDLRULDGDVFDXVDVGHDQHPLDKHPROtWLFDRFRUUHGHPDQHLUDH[WUDYDVFXODUSRUIDJRFLWRVHGRVHULWUyFLWRV QDVFDYLGDGHVRUJkQLFDVDOpPGHKHSDWRPHJDOLD
GHIRUPDSDUFLDORXFRPSOHWDSHORVPDFUyIDJRV4XDQGRRFRUUHDIDJRFLWRVHSDUFLDORVHULWUyFLWRVSHUGHP 2V HULWUyFLWRV DOWHUDGRV VmR IDJRFLWDGRV SRU PDFUyIDJRV RX GHVWUXtGRV SRU KHPyOLVH LQWUDYDVFXODU
XPDIUDomRGDVXDPHPEUDQDRVWRUQDQGRPHQRVÁH[tYHLVVmRFKDPDGRVGHHVIHUyFLWRVHWHQGHPDVHU SRU DSUHVHQWDUHP DOWHUDo}HV SRU PHLR GH DJUHVV}HV R[LGDWLYDV FRPR D SHUGD GH FiWLRQV SHUGD GD
UHWLGRVQREDoRHItJDGR1DDQHPLDKHPROtWLFDH[WUDYDVFXODURSULQFLSDOVLQDOFOtQLFRpDLFWHUtFLDTXH ÁH[LELOLGDGHGDPHPEUDQDHÀ[DomRGHLPXQRJOREXOLQDVjVSURWHtQDVQDVPHPEUDQDV
RFRUUHSRUHOHYDGDSURGXomRGHELOLUUXELQDTXHVXSHUDDFDSDFLGDGHKHSiWLFDGHFRQMXJDomRHH[FUHomR
0XLWRV DJHQWHV LQIHFFLRVRV FRPR YtUXV EDFWpULDV ULTXpWVLDV H SURWR]RiULRV SRGHP FDXVDU DQHPLD
$ DQHPLD KHPROtWLFD SRGHVHU DYDOLDGD WDPEpP HP FRQMXQWR FRP RKLVWyULFR GR DQLPDO SRU PHLR GD hemolítica nos animais. A anemia infecciosa equina, a leptospirose, a babesiose, a erliquiose, a
anamnese e realização do exame físico completo com a observação das mucosas pálidas ou ictéricas, WULSDQRVVRPtDVHDKHPREDUWRQHORVHLQIHFo}HVSyVHVWUHSWRFyFLFDFDXVDGRUGDS~USXUDKHPRUUiJLFD
KHSDWRPHJDOLDHVSOHQRPHJDOLDHKLSHUWHUPLDHPDOJXPDVDQHPLDVGHFDUiWHULQIHFFLRVR TXHpXPDYDVFXOLWHDJXGDLPXQRPHGLDGDVHFXQGiULDjLQIHFomRSRUStreptococcus equiHLQIHFo}HV
$VDQHPLDVKHPROtWLFDVWrPYiULDVFDXVDVHSRGHPVHUFODVVLÀFDGDVFRPRDGTXLULGDVHKHUHGLWiULDV causadas por Clostridium perfringens são exemplos de doenças que causam anemia hemolítica.
$VDQHPLDVKHPROtWLFDVKHUHGLWiULDVVmRUDUDVHJHUDOPHQWHFDXVDGDVSRUGHIHLWRVLQWUDFHOXODUHVTXH
UHVXOWDPGHGHÀFLrQFLDVHQ]LPiWLFDVHRXDQRPDOLDVQDVtQWHVHGRKHPHGHSURWHtQDVGRFLWRHVTXHOHWR
e da membrana plasmática.
As anemias hemolíticas adquiridas são o tipo mais comum e podem ter diversas causas como: infec-
FLRVDV PLFURDQJLRSiWLFD DXWRLPXQHV SRU DJHQWHV R[LGDQWHV SRU PHGLFDPHQWRV WUDQVIXV}HV LQFRP-
patíveis, etc.
42 43
G$QHPLDGHGRHQoDVLQÁDPDWyULDV
1DDWXDOLGDGHRFkQFHUDGRHQoDKHSiWLFDHDGRHQoDJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOVmRFRQVLGHUDGDVGRHQoDVFU{QL-
FDVHLQÁDPDWyULDVTXHSRGHPFRPSURPHWHUDHULWURSRLHVHOHYDQGRDXPDDQHPLDFKDPDGDGHDQHPLD
IMPORTANTE SABER
GHGRHQoDVLQÁDPDWyULDVSRUVHUHPPHGLDGDVSRUFLWRFLQDVLQÁDPDWyULDV71),)1\,/H,/PHVPR
TXHQmRKDMDHYLGrQFLDFOtQLFDRXODERUDWRULDOGHLQÁDPDomRQRDQLPDO
(PDOJXQVFDVRVDGLIHUHQFLDomRHQWUHDQHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDVHKHPROLWLFDV
SRGHVHUUHDOL]DGDFRPEDVHQDFRUUHWDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRHULWURJUDPDHP eXPDGDVFDXVDVPDLVFRPXQVGHDQHPLDDUUHJHQHUDWLYDSURYRFDQGRXPDOHYHDPRGHUDGDDQHPLD
conjunto com o exame clínico e anamnse. QRUPRFtWLFDHQRUPRFU{PLFD9iULRVPHFDQLVPRVVmRUHVSRQViYHLVSHODDQHPLDPDVRVPHFDQLVPRV
SULQFLSDLVVmRDGLPLQXLomRQDYLGD~WLOKHPyOLVHH[WUDYDVFXODUHQDSURGXomRGDVKHPiFLDV
$VDQHPLDVKHPROtWLFDVVmRPDLVUHVSRQVLYDVTXHDVDQHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDV
SRLVQDDQHPLDKHPRUUiJLFDRIHUURpSHUGLGRQmRÀFDQGRGLVSRQtYHOSDUD A diminuição da vida útil das hemácias pode resultar no rápido desenvolvimento de anemia nos animais
D HULWURSRHVH 1D DQHPLD KHPROtWLFD R IHUUR p UHDSURYHLWDGR H R JUDX GH TXHDSUHVHQWDPLQÁDPDomRDJXGD(VVDGLPLQXLomRQDYLGD~WLOGDVKHPiFLDVpFDXVDGDSRUFLWRFLQDV
UHJHQHUDomRpEHPPDLVLQWHQVRVHQGRREVHUYDGRXPPDLRUQ~PHURGH LQÁDPDWyULDVHOHV}HVR[LGDWLYDVTXHLQGX]HPDOLJDomRGHDXWRDQWLFRUSRVSDUDDVXSHUItFLHGDVPHV-
UHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORVPHWDUUXEUyFLWRVHDQLVRFLWRVHPDLVLQWHQVD PDVSURYRFDQGRDIDJRFLWRVHSRUPDFUyIDJRV$VFLWRFLQDVVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHVXSULPHPDUHVSRVWDGD
PHGXODyVVHD
$VXSUHVVmRGDHULWURSRLHVHSRUFLWRFLQDVLQÁDPDWyULDVFDXVDDGLPLQXLomRQDSURGXomRGHKHPiFLDV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHHPHVWDGRVLQÁDPDWyULRVFU{QLFRV(PJDWRVDDQHPLDSRGHVHGHVHQYROYHUPDLVUDSLG-
amente devido o tempo de vida das hemácias ser mais curto nessa espécie (60 dias), quando compara-
F$QHPLDVSRUGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUUR
GDDVKHPiFLDVFDQLQDVGLDV$VFLWRFLQDVLQÁDPDWyULDVSRGHPLQLELUDHULWURSRLHVHSRUPHLRGD
GLPLQXLomRGDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHIHUURSRULQLELomRGLUHWDGHFpOXODVSURJHQLWRUDVHULWUyLGHVSRULQLELomR
2FRUUHTXDQGRRIHUURWRUQDVHOLPLWDQWHSDUDDHULWURSRLHVH2IHUURpXPFRPSRQHQWHHVVHQFLDOGRJUXSR
RXOLEHUDomRQDSURGXomRGH(32HSRUUHGXomRGDDWLYLGDGHELROyJLFDGD(32
KHPHGDKHPRJORELQDHQDVXDDXVrQFLDDKHPRJORELQDQmRSRGHVHUSURGX]LGDHPTXDQWLGDGHVVXÀ-
FLHQWHV$VXDGHÀFLrQFLDSRGHUHVXOWDUHPXPDDQHPLDPLFURFtWLFDHKLSRFU{PLFD
e) Anemia da doença renal crônica
$GHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURHPDQLPDLVDGXOWRVpFDXVDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHSHODSHUGDGHVDQJXHFRQVWDQWH
$LQVXÀFLrQFLDUHQDOFU{QLFD,5&pDGRHQoDUHQDOPDLVFRPXPHPFmHVHJDWRVLGRVRV(VWDVtQGURPH
FDXVDGDVSRUSUREOHPDVFU{QLFRVHQmRVRPHQWHSRUXPDGLHWDSREUHHPIHUUR$VFDXVDVLPSRUWDQWHV
pFDUDFWHUL]DGDSHODLQFDSDFLGDGHGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRVULQVGHYLGRjSHUGDSURJUHVVLYDGRVQpIURQV
GHSHUGDGHVDQJXHSRUGRHQoDFU{QLFDVmRKHPRUUDJLDVSRUWXPRUHVQRWUDWRJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOHGLVW~U-
dentro de um período de meses a anos. Na IRC também é relativamente comum o desenvolvimento de
ELRVGHFRDJXODomR
DQHPLDQRUPRFtWLFDQRUPRFU{PLFDDUUHJHQHUDWLYDTXHPXLWDVYH]HVIDYRUHFHDPDQLIHVWDomRGHOHWDU-
JLDIUDTXH]DPXVFXODUDQRUH[LDHSHUGDGHSHVR2IDWRUSULQFLSDOGRDSDUHFLPHQWRGDDQHPLDQD,5&p
Em contrapartida, os animais jovens por crescerem e se desenvolverem rapidamente, tem tendência
a diminuição da síntese de EPO pelos rins.
DGHVHQYROYHUGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURPDLVIDFLOPHQWH$VUHVHUYDVGHIHUURQRVDQLPDLVMRYHQVWHQGHPD
VHU SHTXHQDV SRLV R OHLWH PDWHUQR p SREUH QHVVH PLQHUDO H RUiSLGR FUHVFLPHQWR H[LJH D H[SDQVmR
$GRHQoDUHQDOFU{QLFDSRGHUHVXOWDUHPDQHPLDSRUYiULRVIDWRUHVFRPRSULQFLSDOPHQWHSHODGLPLQXLomR
GRYROXPHVDQJXtQHR/HLW}HVHEH]HUURVSRGHPGHVHQYROYHUGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURVHPSHUGDGHVDQJXH
GDSURGXomRHDWLYLGDGHGH(32RXSRUPHLRGHFLWRFLQDVLQÁDPDWyULDVTXHVmRLQGX]LGDVSHODGRHQoD
DQRUPDO )LOKRWHV GH FmHV H JDWRV LQIHVWDGRV SRU SXOJDV FDUUDSDWRV RX DQFLORVWRPtGHRV WDPEpP VmR
UHQDO$SURGXomRGHWR[LQDVXUrPLFDVSRGHUHGX]LUDYLGD~WLOGDVKHPiFLDVFDXVDQGRKHPyOLVHH[WUDYDV-
VXVFHSWtYHLVGHVHUHPDQrPLFRVSRUGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUUR
FXODU2XWURIDWRUTXHSRGHOHYDUDDQHPLDpDKHPRUUDJLDFU{QLFDHPDQLPDLVTXHVRIUHPIUHTXHQWH-
mente de úlceras orais devido a uremia.
$LQWR[LFDomRSRUFKXPERSRGHUHVXOWDUHPDQHPLDVHFXQGiULDSRUGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURSRLVRFKXPERLQ-
LEHDLQFRUSRUDomRGHIHUURQRDQHOSRUÀUtQLFRGRJUXSDPHQWRKHPH1HVWHFDVRRDQLPDOQmRDSUHVHQWD
YHUGDGHLUDPHQWHXPDGHÀFLrQFLDGHIHUURXPDYH]TXHRVHVWRTXHVGHIHUURHVWmRQRUPDLVHVRPHQWH
QmRSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGRSDUDVtQWHVHGHKHPRJORELQD3RUWDQWRHPYH]GHVHUXWLOL]DGRSDUDDVtQWHVHGH
KHPHRIHUURÀFDDFXPXODGRQDVKHPiFLDVFRPRVLGHUyFLWRV
O tratamento é feito com a suplementação de ferro oral (na forma ferrosa). Porém, esta prática tem sido
recentemente questionada, pois a absorção de ferro oral pode aumentar o ferro no plasma e estimular
a liberação de hepcidina que inibe a absorção de ferro no intestino por até 48 horas. Pode ser feita a
DSOLFDomRLQWUDPXVFXODUGHIHUURRXDGPLQLVWUDUVDQJXHSRUWUDQVIXVmRHPFDVRVGHDQHPLDVVHYHUDV
44 45
$SROLFLWHPLDYHUGDGHLUDVHFXQGiULDRFRUUHJHUDOPHQWHGHYLGRDRDXPHQWRQDSURGXomRGH(32UHVXO-
WDQWHGHVLWXDo}HVGHKLSy[LDWHFLGXDO(VVHWLSRGHSROLFLWHPLDRFRUUHHPGRHQoDVFDUGLRYDVFXODUHVH
UHVSLUDWyULDV3RGHRFRUUHUWDPEpPDVVRFLDGDDQHRSODVLDVSURGXWRUDVGH(32FDUFLQRPDKHSDWRFHOX-
lar, hepatoblastoma em cavalos, cânceres renais, tumores nasais em cavalos) ou doença renal (hidrone-
IURVHFLVWRVUHQDLVTXHHVWLPXODPDSURGXomRGH(32VHPKLSy[LD
05 ERITROCITOSE / POLICITEMIA
$OJXQVWXPRUHVFRPRQRWXPRUQDVDOGHPDQHLUDHFWySLFDVHFUHWDPFLWRFLQDVRTXHH[SOLFDDSURGXomR
de EPO em locais inesperados. Neoplasias produtoras de epinefrina, como no feocromocitoma, também
$ SROLFLWHPLD WDPEpP GHQRPLQDGD HULWURFLWRVH p FRQVLGHUDGD R FRQWUDULR GD DQHPLD 3DUD DOJXQV SRGHPUHVXOWDUHPXPDHULWURFLWRVH2XWUDVFDXVDVFRPRDVGRHQoDVHQGyFULQDVGHFmHVHJDWRVSRGHP
DXWRUHV R WHUPR SROLFLWHPLD RX SROLJOREXOLD VLJQLÀFD R DXPHQWR GR Q~PHUR GH FpOXODV VDQJXtQHDV WDPEpPDSUHVHQWDUXPDXPHQWRQRQ~PHURGHHULWUyFLWRV1RVFmHVHVVHDXPHQWRSRGHVHUREVHUYDGR
VHMDP KHPiFLDV SODTXHWDV RX OHXFyFLWRV 1R KHPRJUDPD D HULWURFLWRVH p FDUDFWHUL]DGD SRU HOHYDomR HPFDVRVGHKLSHUDGUHQRFRUWLFLVPRRXH[FHVVRGHDQGURJrQLRVHQRVJDWRVHPFDVRVGHKLSHUWLUHRLGLV-
GDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGHKHPiFLDV&*+GRKHPDWyFULWR+WHGDFRQFHQWUDomRGHKHPRJORELQD+E$ PRHDFURPHJDOLD
SROLFLWHPLDSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGDFRPRIDOVDUHODWLYDRXYHUGDGHLUDDEVROXWD
1DSROLFLWHPLDUHODWLYDQmRRFRUUHXPDYHUGDGHLUDHOHYDomRQRVtQGLFHVHULWURFLWiULRV&*++WH+EH
sim uma hemoconcentração resultante de desidratação ou contração esplênica. A principal causa de
policitemia na clínica veterinária é a desidratação. A perda de líquidos, inclusive do leito vascular, resulta
HPDXPHQWRGRVYDORUHVGDVpULHYHUPHOKDGRKHPRJUDPDHWDPEpPQDFRQFHQWUDomRGHSURWHtQDV2V
OHXFyFLWRVHSODTXHWDVQmRVmRDOWHUDGRVQRVFDVRVGHGHVLGUDWDomR
IMPORTANTE SABER
$ FRQWUDomR HVSOrQLFD SRGH UHVXOWDU HP DXPHQWR GD PDVVD HULWUyLGH H

FRQVHTXHQWHHULWURFLWRVHSRLVDVKHPiFLDVTXHÀFDPHVWRFDGDVQREDoR
SRGHPVHUODQoDGDVQDFRUUHQWHVDQJXtQHD$FRQWUDomRHVSOrQLFDRFRUUH
frequentemente, durante o esforço mediado por epinefrina. Em equinos jo-
YHQVHVWUHVVDGRVJHUDOPHQWHRFRUUHFRQWUDomRHVSOrQLFDMiTXHDSUHVHQ-
tam um baço muscular, sendo menos provável de acontecer em vacas, cães
HJDWRV(VVHIHQ{PHQRQmRHVWiDVVRFLDGRDRDXPHQWRGHSURWHtQDWRWDO
Na policitemia absoluta ocorre um aumento verdadeiro na produção de hemácias, mediada ou não por
(32TXHUHVXOWDHPHOHYDomRQRVYDORUHVGH+H+WH+E$SROLFLWHPLDYHUGDGHLUDSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGD
como primária ou secundária. A policitemia verdadeira primária é uma doença raramente descrita em
animais. Pode ser uma doença familiar ou neoplásica. A eritrocitose primária neoplásica é observada em
FDVRVGH3ROLFLWHPLD9HUDTXHpXPDGHVRUGHPPLHORSUROLIHUDWLYDFU{QLFDOHXFHPLDHULWUyLGHFUyQLFD
$3ROLFLWHPLD9HUDpXPDFRQGLomRQHRSOiVLFDHPTXHDSURGXomRGHJOyEXORVYHUPHOKRVpDXW{QRPD
LQGHSHQGHQWHGDFRQFHQWUDomRGH(32eUDUDPHQWHUHODWDGDHPDQLPDLVHDPXWDomRQRJHQH-DQXV
.LQDVH -$. DLQGD QmR IRL LGHQWLÀFDGD HP DQLPDLV DIHWDGRV *HUDOPHQWH p XP GLDJQyVWLFR SRU
HOLPLQDomRGHRXWUDVFDXVDVGHHULWURFLWRVHVHFXQGiULDRXDXPDXPHQWRUHODWLYRQRKHPDWyFULWR
46 47
´SRROVµ PHGXODU VDQJXtQHR H WHFLGXDO 2 FRPSDUWLPHQWR PHGXODU QD PHGXOD yVVHD p GLYLGLGR HP
FRPSDUWLPHQWRPLWyWLFRSUROLIHUDomRRXPXOWLSOLFDomRHGHPDWXUDomRDUPD]HQDPHQWRRXHVWRTXH1R
VDQJXHXPDSDUWHGRVOHXFyFLWRVHQFRQWUDVHDGHULGDDRHQGRWpOLRYDVFXODUFRPSDUWLPHQWRPDUJLQDOH
RXWUDIUDomRQROHLWRYDVFXODUFRPSDUWLPHQWRFLUFXODQWH1DFROHWDGHVDQJXHVmRREWLGDVDVFpOXODVGR
FRPSDUWLPHQWRFLUFXODQWH2FRPSDUWLPHQWRWHFLGXDOFRUUHVSRQGHDRWRWDOGHOHXFyFLWRVTXHPLJUDUDP
06 LEUCÓCITOS SRUGLDSHGHVHSDUDRVWHFLGRVRQGHGHVHPSHQKDPVXDVIXQo}HVGHGHIHVDRUJkQLFD)LJXUD
2 SURFHVVR GH SURGXomR GH OHXFyFLWRV p GHQRPLQDGR OHXFRSRLHVH RX OHXFRFLWRSRLHVH H RFRUUH QD
PHGXOD yVVHD D SDUWLU GH XPD FpOXOD SOXULSRWHQFLDO FKDPDGD GH ´6WHP &HOOµ TXH GHSHQGHQGR GH
2VOHXFyFLWRVRXJOyEXORVEUDQFRVID]HPSDUWHGRVLVWHPDLPXQLWiULRSDUWLFLSDQGRGDUHVSRVWDLPXQH HVWtPXORVDSURSULDGRVRULJLQDRVGLIHUHQWHVOHXFyFLWRV$OHXFRSRLHVHFRPSUHHQGHDJUDXORFLWRSRLHVH
LQDWDHHVSHFtÀFDHHVWmRSUHVHQWHVQRVDQJXHQDOLQIDHPyUJmRVOLQIRLGHVHYiULRVWHFLGRVFRQMXQWLYRV OLQIRFLWRSRLHVHHPRQRFLWRSRLHVH)LJXUD
$SUHVHQWDPVHFRPRXPJUDQGHJUXSRGHFpOXODVFRPYDULDGDVIRUPDVWDPDQKRVQ~PHURVHIXQo}HV
HVSHFtÀFDV2VOHXFyFLWRVGHDFRUGRFRPVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPRUIROyJLFDVHWLQWRULDLVVmRGLYLGLGRVHP
GRLVJUXSRVSROLPRUIRQXFOHDUHVHPRQRQXFOHDUHV)LJXUD
2V SROLPRUIRQXFOHDUHV WDPEpP GHQRPLQDGRV GH JUDQXOyFLWRV DSUHVHQWDP R Q~FOHR SROLPRUIR FRP
GLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVIHLMmRDOWHUHVOREXODGRFLUFXODUHWFHRFLWRSODVPDFRPJUkQXORVFRQWHQGRHQ]LPDV
KLGUROtWLFDV1RVPDPtIHURVRVJUDQXOyFLWRVVmRUHSUHVHQWDGRVSHORVQHXWUyÀORVEDVyÀORVHHRVLQyÀORV
(P RXWUDV HVSpFLHV FRPR UHSWHLV H DYHV RV KHWHURÀORV VmR R WLSR FHOXODU TXH FRUUHVSRQGHP DRV
QHXWUyÀORVGRVPDPtIHURV
2VPRQRQXFOHDUHVRXDJUDQXOyFLWRVQmRDSUHVHQWDPJUkQXORVYLVtYHLVQRFLWRSODVPDHVHXVQ~FOHRVVmR
GHIRUPDHQGHQWDGDRXDUUHGRQGDGDVmRUHSUHVHQWDGRVSHORVPRQyFLWRVHOLQIyFLWRV
Figura 10 &RPSDUWLPHQWRVGRVOHXFyFLWRVQRRUJDQLVPR&RPSDUWLPHQWRPHGXODUTXHVHGLYLGHPLWyWLFR
(proliferação e multiplicação) e de maturação (armazenamento e estoque), compartimento circulante
IUDomRQROHLWRYDVFXODUHFRPSDUWLPHQWRPDUJLQDOOHXFyFLWRVDGHULGRVDRHQGRWpOLRYDVFXODU
Figura 9 &ODVVLÀFDomRGRVOHXFyFLWRV2VSROLPRUIRQXFOHDUHVDSUHVHQWDPQ~FOHRSROLPRUIRHRFLWRSODVPD
FRPJUkQXORVFRQWHQGRHQ]LPDVKLGUROtWLFDVEDVyÀORVHRVLQyÀORVHQHXWUyÀORV2VPRQRQXFOHDUHVQmR
DSUHVHQWDPJUkQXORVYLVtYHLVQRFLWRSODVPDHVHXVQ~FOHRVDSUHVHQWDPIRUPDHGHQWDGDRXDUUHGRQGDGD
PRQyFLWRVHOLQIyFLWRV
2VOHXFyFLWRVVmRSURGX]LGRVQDPHGXODyVVHDHOLEHUDGRVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRGHRQGHPLJUDPSDUD
RVWHFLGRV$VVLPDVFpOXODVEUDQFDVHVWmRGLVWULEXtGDVQRRUJDQLVPRHPWUrVJUDQGHVFRPSDUWLPHQWRV
48 49
0RQRFtWLFDHGHSRLVDSHQDVHP8)&0LHORFtWLFD*UDQXORFtWLFD3RUHVWtPXORVHVSHFtÀFRVVmRSURGX]LGRV

RV GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV FHOXODUHV D SDUWLU GDV XQLGDGHV IRUPDGRUDV GH FRO{QLDV QHXWURItOLFD HRVLQRItOLFD H
basofílica.
$VHTXrQFLDGHPDWXUDomRGRVJUDQXOyFLWRVLQFOXLRVVHJXLQWHVWLSRVFHOXODUHVPLHOREODVWRSUyPLHOyFLWR
PLHOyFLWRPHWDPLHOyFLWRFpOXODHPEDVWmRHFpOXODVHJPHQWDGDFpOXODPDGXUD2VWUrVSULPHLURVWLSRV
FHOXODUHVSDUWLFLSDPGRFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHPXOWLSOLFDomRHVRIUHPPLWRVHV$SDUWLUGRVPHWDPLHOyFLWRV
não ocorrem mais mitoses, apenas maturação para célula em bastão. As células em bastão, ou
EDVWRQHWHVDPDGXUHFHPDWpFpOXODVHJPHQWDGDTXHUHSUHVHQWDDFpOXODPDGXUD
2VQHXWUyÀORVVmRRVJUDQXOyFLWRVPDLVDEXQGDQWHVHPWRGDVDVHVSpFLHV$GLIHUHQFLDomRHQWUHFpOXODV
HP EDVWmR LPDWXUDV H FpOXOD VHJPHQWDGD PDGXUD Vy WHP LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD QHXWUyÀORV SRLV HVVH
JUDQXOyFLWR SDUWLFLSD FRPR SULPHLUD OLQKD GH GHIHVD GR RUJDQLVPR IUHQWH D SURFHVVRV LQIHFFLRVRV H
LQÁDPDWyULRV
6mRIDWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVSDUDSURGXomRGHQHXWUyÀORVRVIDWRUHVTXLPLRWiWLFRVSURGX]LGRVQRORFDOGD
LQIHFomR RX LQÁDPDomR LQWHUOHXFLQDV IDWRUHV HVWLPXODGRUHV GH FRO{QLD GH JUDQXOyFLWRV H PRQyFLWRV
OLQIRFLQDVHFLWRFLQDV2VIDWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVGHFRO{QLDDWXDPGLUHWDPHQWHQDVFpOXODVKHPDWRSRLpWLFDV
DXPHQWDQGRDSUROLIHUDomRGLIHUHQFLDomRHIXQomRFHOXODU2VQHXWUyÀORVXPDYH]TXHVDHPGRVDQJXH
SDUDRVWHFLGRVQmRUHWRUQDPPDLVSDUDFRUUHQWHVDQJXtQHD(OHVVmRGHVWUXtGRVQRVWHFLGRVRXSHUGLGRV
DWUDYpVGHVHFUHo}HVHH[FUHo}HV)LJXUD
Figura 11 (VTXHPD UHVXPLGR GD OHXFRSRLHVH RX OHXFRFLWRSRLHVH 2FRUUH QD PHGXOD yVVHD D SDUWLU
de uma célula pluripotencial chamada de “Stem Cell”, que, dependendo de estímulos apropriados,
RULJLQD RV GLIHUHQWHV OHXFyFLWRV $ OHXFRSRLHVH FRPSUHHQGH D JUDQXORFLWRSRLHVH OLQIRFLWRSRLHVH H
PRQRFLWRSRLHVH $V FpOXODV PLHORLGHV PXOWLSRWHQWHV RULJLQDP RV QHXWUyÀORV HRVLQyÀORV H EDVyÀORV
JUDQXOyFLWRVSROLPRUIRQXFOHDUHV(DVFpOXODVOLQIRLGHVPXOWLSRWHQWHVRULJLQDPRVPRQyFLWRVHOLQIyFLWRV
DJUDQXOyFLWRVPRQRQXFOHDUHV
Granulocitopoiese
1DJUDQXORFLWRSRLHVHVmRSURGX]LGRVRVQHXWUyÀORVHRVLQyÀORVHEDVyÀORV1DSURGXomRGRVJUDQXOyFLWRV Figura 12 )DWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVHGHSUHVVRUHVGDJUDQXORSRLHVH)DWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVUHSUHVHQWDGRV

D´6WHP&HOOµVHGLIHUHQFLDHP8QLGDGH)RUPDGRUDGH&RO{QLD8)&0LHORPRQRFtWLFD*UDQXORFtWLFD SHORVLQDOSRVLWLYRHIDWRUHVGHSUHVVRUHVUHSUHVHQWDGRVSHORVLQDOQHJDWLYR
50 51
WLSRVFHOXODUHVFRPRDVFpOXODVGH.XSIIHURVKLVWLyFLWRVPDFUyIDJRVDOYHRODUHVHPDFUyIDJRVGREDoR
PHGXODyVVHDHOLQIRQRGRV
CURIOSIDADE $SURGXomRHPDWXUDomRGRVPRQyFLWRVGXUDHPPpGLDWUrVGLDVVHQGRHVWLPXODGDSRUFLWRFLQDVHIDWRUHV
GHFUHVFLPHQWRFRPRRIDWRUHVWLPXODQWHGHFRO{QLDGHJUDQXOyFLWRVHPRQyFLWRV(VVHVPRQRQXFOHDUHV
2V WUrV WLSRV GH JUDQXOyFLWRV VmR QRPHDGRV H GLIHUHQFLDGRV FRP EDVH QDV XPDYH]TXHVDHPGDFRUUHQWHVDQJXtQHDQmRUHWRUQDPPDLV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV WLQWRULDLV FRQIHULGDV SHOD DÀQLGDGH GRV JUkQXORV FLWRSODVPiWLFRV
secundários a corantes ácidos ou básicos.
Linfocitopoiese
• 1HXWUyÀORV2VJUkQXORVFLWRSODVPiWLFRVQmRWrPDÀQLGDGHSRUFRUDQWHViFLGRV
RXEiVLFRV2VJUkQXORVSULPiULRVSRGHPVHUFRUDGRVEDVRÀOLFDPHQWH $OLQIRFLWRSRLHVHRXOLQIRSRLHVHRFRUUHQDPHGXODyVVHDHHPyUJmRVOLQIRLGHVFRPRWLPROLQIRQRGRV
• (RVLQyÀORV 2V JUkQXORV FLWRSODVPiWLFRV DSUHVHQWDP DÀQLGDGH SRU FRUDQWHV EDoREXUVDGH)DEULFLXVSODFDVGH3H\HUHWRQVLODV2VOLQIyFLWRV7H%HPEULRORJLFDPHQWHVmRGHULYDGRV
iFLGRVHVHFRUDPHRVLQLÀOLFDPHQWHDODUDQMDGRV GDPHGXODyVVHDHPDWXUDPQRWLPRHPHGXODyVVHDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH1DVDYHVDPDWXUDomRGROLQIyFLWR
• %DVyÀORV 2V JUkQXORV FLWRSODVPiWLFRV DSUHVHQWDP DÀQLGDGH SRU FRUDQWHV %RFRUUHQDEXUVDGH)DEULFLXV8PD´6WHP&HOOµSOXULSRWHQWHVHGLIHUHQFLDHP´6WHP&HOOµOLQIyLGHHHP
EiVLFRVHVHFRUDPEDVRÀOLFDPHQWHD]XODGRV VHJXLGDHPOLQIREODVWR(VWHVRVOLQIREODVWRVVRIUHPPLWRVHVIRUPDQGRRSUyOLQIyFLWRHHPVHJXLGDR
OLQIyFLWRPDGXUR
$GLIHUHQFLDomRHQWUHOLQIyFLWRV%H7QmRSRGHVHUUHDOL]DGDDSDUWLUGDVVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPRUIROyJLFDV
QR HVIUHJDoR VDQJXtQHR 3DUD GLIHUHQFLDU HVVHV GRLV WLSRV FHOXODUHV p QHFHVViULR XWLOL]DU DQWLFRUSRV
$SURGXomRHDPDWXUDomRGRVHRVLQyÀORVWDPEpPRFRUUHPQDPHGXODyVVHDRQGHVmRREVHUYDGRVRV monoclonais que reconhecem os marcadores celulares expressos na membrana citoplasmática.
PHVPRVWLSRVFHOXODUHVGHVFULWRVSDUDQHXWUyÀORV(QWUHWDQWRRVHRVLQyÀORVQmRSRGHPVHULGHQWLÀFDGRV
DQWHVGRHVWiJLRGHPLHOyFLWRRQGHDSUHVHQoDGHJUkQXORVHRVLQRItOLFRVFDUDFWHUL]DHVVHWLSRFHOXODU $SURGXomRGRVOLQIyFLWRVGHSHQGHGRJUDXHWLSRGHHVWLPXODomRDQWLJrQLFD$OJXQVDQWtJHQRVHVWLPXODP
$ LQWHUOHXFLQD ,/ p D SULQFLSDO FLWRFLQD TXH HVWLPXOD D SURGXomR GH HRVLQyÀORV $ ,/ H R IDWRU RVOLQIyFLWRV%DVHWUDQVIRUPDUHPSODVPyFLWRVTXHVmRFpOXODVSURGXWRUDVGHLPXQRJOREXOLQDV2XWURV
HVWLPXODQWHGHJUDQXOyFLWRVHPRQyFLWRVWDPEpPHVWLPXODPDHRVLQRSRLHVH DQWtJHQRVHVWLPXODPOLQIyFLWRV7TXHSURGX]HPOLQIRFLQDVHSDUWLFLSDPGHUHVSRVWDLPXQHFHOXODU
2V EDVyÀORV VmR UDURV HP PXLWRV DQLPDLV H VXD SURGXomR RFRUUH HP SDUDOHOR FRP RV QHXWUyÀORV H 2VOLQIyFLWRVDSUHVHQWDPXPORQJRWHPSRGHYLGDHVmRRV~QLFRVOHXFyFLWRVTXHUHFLUFXODPRXVHMDHOHV
HRVLQyÀORVHQWUHWDQWRRHVWRTXHGHVVHWLSRFHOXODUQDPHGXODyVVHDpPtQLPR9iULDVFLWRFLQDVHVWmR SRGHPUHWRUQDUSDUDFRUUHQWHVDQJXtQHD2IHQ{PHQRGHUHFLUFXODomRpGHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDELROyJLFD
HQYROYLGDVQDSUROLIHUDomRHPDWXUDomRGRVEDVyÀORVLQFOXLQGR,/,/HIDWRUHVWLPXODQWHGHFRO{QLD SRLVSURSRUFLRQDXPPHFDQLVPRGHGLVWULEXLomRJHQHUDOL]DGDGHFpOXODVOLQIyLGHVFRPSURPHWLGDVFRP
GHJUDQXOyFLWRVHPRQyFLWRV D UHVSRVWD LPXQH VLVWrPLFD H HVSHFtÀFD &RPR UHVXOWDGR XP JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH OLQIyFLWRV SRGH VHU
H[SRVWRDXPDQWtJHQRGHSRVLWDGRORFDOPHQWHQRWHFLGR(VWDVFpOXODVDQWLJHQLFDPHQWHH[SRVWDVSRGHP
VHUWUDQVSRUWDGDVSRUYiULRVOXJDUHVQRFRUSRSDUDSURSDJDUHPRQWDUXPDYLJRURVDUHVSRVWDLPXQH
Monocitopoese
2VPRQyFLWRVVHRULJLQDPGHXPD´6WHP&HOOµPLHOyLGHTXHVHGLYLGHHP8)&*UDQXORFtWLFD0RQRFtWLFD 6.1 Descrição e funções dos Leucócitos do sangue periférico

HHPVHJXLGDHP8)&0RQRFtWLFDRULJLQDQGRRPRQREODVWR2PRQREODVWRVRIUHPLWRVHTXHGiRULJHP
1HXWUyÀORV
D GRLV SUyPRQyFLWRV H HVWHV VRIUHP GXDV PLWRVHV RULJLQDQGR RV PRQyFLWRV PDGXURV 2V PRQyFLWRV
VDQJXtQHRVDRPLJUDUHPSDUDRVWHFLGRVUHFHEHPRQRPHGHPDFUyIDJRV2VPDFUyIDJRVLQFOXHPYiULRV
$ PHGXOD yVVHD OLEHUD RV QHXWUyÀORV PDGXURV QR VDQJXH SHULIpULFR RV TXDLV PLJUDP SRU PHLR GR
HQGRWpOLR YDVFXODU SDUD RV WHFLGRV RQGH SDUWLFLSDP GD UHVSRVWD LQÁDPDWyULD DJXGD H VmR D SULPHLUD
OLQKDGHGHIHVDGRRUJDQLVPRFRQWUDDJHQWHVEDFWHULDQRV(OHVUHDOL]DPIDJRFLWRVHHDSUHVHQWDPDomR
EDFWHULFLGDSRUpPWDPEpPSRGHPFRPEDWHUIXQJRVOHYHGXUDVDOJDVSDUDVLWDVHYtUXV)LJXUD
6mRFRQVLGHUDGRVRVOHXFyFLWRVPDLVDEXQGDQWHVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRGHFmHVHJDWRV1RVQHXWUyÀORV
VHJPHQWDGRVRQ~FOHRVHGLYLGHHPYiULRVORERVFRPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHWUrVDFLQFRORERVSRUQ~FOHR2
GLkPHWURGRVQHXWUyÀORVYDULDGHDP
52 53
(RVLQyÀORV
2V HRVLQyÀORV WDPEpP GHQRPLQDGRV GH DFLGyÀORV DSUHVHQWDP IXQomR H RULJHP VHPHOKDQWH DRV
QHXWUyÀORV3RVVXHPDomRIDJRFtWLFDHEDFWHULFLGDSRUpPVmRPHQRVHÀFD]HVQHVVHVSURFHVVRVTXHRV
QHXWUyÀORV(VVHVJUDQXOyFLWRVVmRLPSRUWDQWHVQDDomRFRQWUDSDUDVLWDVPXOWLFHOXODUHVHSDUWLFLSDPGDV
UHDo}HVDOpUJLFDVHDQDÀOiWLFDV)LJXUD
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWH D GRV OHXFyFLWRV FLUFXODQWHV VmR HRVLQyÀORV 0RUIRORJLFDPHQWH HVVDV FpOXODV
DSUHVHQWDP R Q~FOHR SROLPyUÀFR FRP JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH JUkQXORV FLWRSODVPiWLFRV TXH VH FRUDP
HRVLQRÀOLFDPHQWH JUDQXODo}HV DODUDQMDGDV 2V HRVLQyÀORV GH HTXLQRV VmR EHP FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV H
DSUHVHQWDPJUDQGHVJUkQXORVFLWRSODVPiWLFRV
Figura 13 1HXWUyÀORVLGHQWLÀFDGRVSHODVVHWDVFRUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGRA.3UHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORV
VHJPHQWDGRVHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQRREMHWLYDGH[B.3UHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORVHJPHQWDGRHP
VDQJXHSHULIpULFRIHOLQRREMHWLYDGH[C. 3UHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORVHJPHQWDGRHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFR
de caprino (objetiva de 100x), D. e E.3UHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORVEDVWRQHWHVHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQR
LGHQWLÀFDGRSHODVHWD1HXWUyÀOREDVWRQHWHQDSULPHLUDLPDJHPLGHQWLÀFDGRSHODÁHFKDFRPDXPHQWRGH
[1DVHJXQGDLPDJHPLGHQWLÀFDGDSHODÁHFKDFRPDXPHQWRGH[ Figura 14 (RVLQyÀORVLGHQWLÀFDGRVSHODVÁHFKDVHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRFDQLQR$IHOLQR%HTXLQR
&HSULPDWD'$XPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[&RUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGR
54 55
%DVyÀORV
2V EDVyÀORV HVWmR SUHVHQWHV QR VDQJXH SHULIpULFR HP SHTXHQD TXDQWLGDGH 6mR UDURV GH VHUHP
HQFRQWUDGRVHPH[DPHGHHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR$VIXQo}HVGHVVHWLSRFHOXODUDLQGDQmRHVWmRWRWDOPHQWH
HVWDEHOHFLGDV SRUpP HVSHFXODVH TXH HVVDV FpOXODV SDUWLFLSHP MXQWDPHQWH FRP RV HRVLQyÀORV GH
SURFHVVRVDOpUJLFRV)LJXUD
$SUHVHQWDPWDPDQKRFRPSDWtYHOFRPRVQHXWUyÀORVDSUHVHQWDQGRFLWRSODVPDOLJHLUDPHQWHDUUR[HDGRH
SUHVHQoDGHJUkQXORVFLWRSODVPiWLFRVEDVRItOLFRVD]XODGRV$SUHVHQWDPQ~FOHRVHJPHQWDGR
Figura 16 /LQIyFLWRVLGHQWLÀFDGRVSHODVVHWDVFRUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGRA. 3UHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVHP

VDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQRDXPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[B./LQIyFLWRHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQRDX-
mento com objetiva de 40x), C./LQIyFLWRHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRIHOLQRDXPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[
Figura 15 3UHVHQoD GH EDVyÀOR LGHQWLÀFDGR SHOD ÁHFKD HP HVIUHJDoR VDQJXtQHR GH XP IHOtGHR VHO-
D./LQIyFLWRHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRGHDYHDXPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[E. e F./LQIyFLWRVHPVDQJXH
YDJHPPuma yagouaroundi$XPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[&RUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGR periférico de caprino (aumento com objetiva de 100x), G.3UHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRGH
bubalino (aumento com objetiva de 100x).
Linfócitos
Monócitos
2VOLQIyFLWRVVmRRVOHXFyFLWRVPDLVDEXQGDQWHVGRVDQJXHGHUXPLQDQWHVHGHVHPSHQKDPXPSDSHO
LPSRUWDQWH QD GHIHVD RUJkQLFD 2V OLQIyFLWRV 7 VmR RV SULQFLSDLV UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD LPXQLGDGH FHOXODU 2VPRQyFLWRVMXQWDPHQWHFRPRVRXWURVOHXFyFLWRVFRODERUDPQDIDJRFLWRVHHHOLPLQDomRGHWHFLGRV
GRRUJDQLVPRHDWXDPHVWLPXODQGRRXDWHQXDQGRDSURGXomRGHDQWLFRUSRVSHORVOLQIyFLWRV% 2 V mortos ou lesados, materiais estranhos, debris celulares, na destruição de células cancerosas e contribui
OLQIyFLWRV%VmRUHVSRQViYHLVSHODLPXQLGDGHKXPRUDOHGmRRULJHPDRVSODVPyFLWRVTXHVLQWHWL]DPRV SDUDHUHJXODomRGDLPXQLGDGHGRRUJDQLVPR
DQWLFRUSRV)LJXUD $PHGXODyVVHDOLEHUDRVPRQyFLWRVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRQDDXVrQFLDGDLQÁDPDomRRXHPUHVSRVWD
(PHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRRVOLQIyFLWRVVHDSUHVHQWDPHPYDULDGDVIRUPDVGHYLGRjVIRUoDVPHFkQLFDV j LQÁDPDomR H DSyV VXD GLVWULEXLomR QRV WHFLGRV DGMDFHQWHV VH WUDQVIRUPDP HP PDFUyIDJRV 2V
aplicadas a eles durante a confecção da lâmina e pelo contato com as hemácias. O tamanho dos PDFUyIDJRV VmR UDUDPHQWH HQFRQWUDGRV QR VDQJXH SRUpP SRGHP VHU REVHUYDGRV QR HVIUHJDoR
OLQIyFLWRVpEHPYDULiYHOSULQFLSDOPHQWHHPUXPLQDQWHV(OHVSRGHPYDULDUHPSHTXHQRVLQWHUPHGLiULRV VDQJXtQHRGHDQLPDLVFRPHUOLTXLRVHKLVWRSODVPRVHHOHLVKPDQLRVH
HJUDQGHVOLQIyFLWRV 2VPRQyFLWRVVmRRVPDLRUHVOHXFyFLWRVHDSUHVHQWDPXPJUDQGHFLWRSODVPDEDVRItOLFRSUHVHQoDGH
2V OLQIyFLWRV SHTXHQRV VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV DTXHOHV HP TXH R Q~FOHR GR OLQIyFLWR FDEH GHQWUR GH XP JUkQXORVÀQRVFRPDSDUrQFLDGHJUmRVGHYLGURHQ~FOHRLUUHJXODUSRGHQGRVHURYDORXHPIRUPDWRGHULP
QHXWUyÀOR 2V OLQIyFLWRV LQWHUPHGLiULRV VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV DTXHOHV HP TXH R Q~FOHR GR OLQIyFLWR p GR RXIHLMmR2VPRQyFLWRVVmREHPYDULDGRVQDVXDIRUPDWDPDQKRHDSDUrQFLDHSRGHPVHUFRQIXQGLGRV
PHVPRWDPDQKRGHXPQHXWUyÀOR(RVOLQIyFLWRVJUDQGHVVmRDTXHOHVHPTXHRQHXWUyÀORSRGHFDEHU FRPRVQHXWUyÀORVHPEDVWmR(PUXPLQDQWHVJUDQGHVOLQIyFLWRVSRGHPVHUFRQIXQGLGRVFRPPRQyFLWRV
GHQWURGRQ~FOHRGROLQIyFLWR
56 57
IMPORTANTE SABER
Leucograma: 3DUWH GR KHPRJUDPD XWLOL]DGD SDUD DYDOLDU D VpULH EUDQFD

RXVHMDRVOHXFyFLWRV2OHXFRJUDPDpFRPSRVWRSHOD&RQWDJHPJOREDOH
GLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRV
&RQWDJHP*OREDOGH/HXFyFLWRV&*/([DPHTXHGHWHUPLQDDTXDQWLGDGH

GHOHXFyFLWRVHPXPYROXPHGHVDQJXH[3/$TXDQWLÀFDomRSRGHVHU
UHDOL]DGDDWUDYpVGHPpWRGRVPDQXDLVFRQWDJHPHPKHPRFLW{PHWURRX
em equipamentos automatizados.
Contagem Diferencial de leucócitos: também denominada de leucometria

HVSHFtÀFD 4XDQWLÀFD FDGD WLSR OHXFRFLWiULR HP YDORUHV UHODWLYRV H
absolutos (x 103/
Figura 17 3UHVHQoDGHPRQyFLWRLGHQWLÀFDGRSHODÁHFKDHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQR$XPHQWRFRP
REMHWLYDGH[&RUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGR
6.3 Alterações quantitativas dos leucócitos

6.2 Avaliação da resposta leucocitária
3DXO(KUOLFKHPIH]DSULPHLUDREVHUYDomRGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRHHVWDEHOHFHXDGLVWULEXLomR
SHUFHQWXDO GRV OHXFyFLWRV VHQGR HVVD FKDPDGD GH FRQWDJHP UHODWLYD (P 9LFWRU 6FKLOOLQJ
2WHUPR/HXFRQpXWLOL]DGRSRUDOJXQVDXWRUHVSDUDGHVLJQDURWRWDOGHOHXFyFLWRVGRRUJDQLVPRLQFOXLQGR XP KHPDWRORJLVWD DOHPmR FRORFRX QD URWLQD D IyUPXOD OHXFRFLWiULD H GHVGH HQWmR RV UHVXOWDGRV GR
WRGDVDVFpOXODVEUDQFDVHQFRQWUDGDVQDPHGXODyVVHDVDQJXHHWHFLGRV2VOHXFyFLWRVVmRFpOXODVTXH OHXFRJUDPDVmRH[SUHVVRVFRPRFRQWDJHPJOREDOOHXFyFLWRVWRWDLVHHVSHFtÀFDUHVXOWDGRVH[SUHVVRV
HVWmRHPFRQVWDQWHVDOWHUDo}HVQXPpULFDVHPRUIROyJLFDVSDUDSRGHUHPGHVHPSHQKDUVXDVIXQo}HVQD para cada tipo celular).
UHVSRVWDLQÁDPDWyULDHQDGHIHVDRUJkQLFDFRQWUDGLIHUHQWHVSDWyJHQRVYtUXVEDFWpULDVSDUDVLWDVHWF
1D OHXFRPHWULD HVSHFtÀFD R YDORU HQFRQWUDGR SDUD FDGD OHXFyFLWR p H[SUHVVR FRPR YDORU SHUFHQWXDO
2OHXFRJUDPDpDSDUWHGRKHPRJUDPDTXHSHUPLWHDYDOLDUDVDOWHUDo}HVQXPpULFDVTXDQWLWDWLYDVH FRQWDJHPUHODWLYDHYDORUHVDEVROXWRV$LQWHUSUHWDomRGROHXFRJUDPDGHYHVHPSUHTXHSRVVtYHOVHU
PRUIROyJLFDVTXDOLWDWLYDVGROHXFRQHPUHVSRVWDDGLYHUVDVFRQGLo}HVFOtQLFDV(VVHH[DPHpPXLWR UHDOL]DGDOHYDQGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRRVYDORUHVDEVROXWRVSRLVHVWHVVmRPDLVFRQÀiYHLV
XWLOL]DGRQDSUDWLFDFOtQLFDHGHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDDX[LOLRQRGLDJQyVWLFRGHGRHQoDVLQÁDPDWyULDV
SDUDVLWiULDVEDFWHULDQDVQHRSOiVLFDVDOpUJLFDVGHQWUHRXWUDV$OpPGHGRHQoDVVLVWrPLFDVVLWXDo}HV $VDOWHUDo}HVTXDQWLWDWLYDVGRVOHXFyFLWRVVmRLGHQWLÀFDGDVTXDQGRRVYDORUHVH[FHGHPRXHVWmRDEDL[R
GHHVWUHVVHDJXGRRXFU{QLFRWDPEpPSRGHPDFDUUHWDUHPDOWHUDo}HVQDFRQWDJHPJOREDOHGLIHUHQFLDO GRVLQWHUYDORVGHUHIHUrQFLDSDUDHVSpFLH$VDOWHUDo}HVQXPpULFDVGROHXFRJUDPDVmRGHVLJQDGDVSRU
GHOHXFyFLWRV WHUPRVWpFQLFRVHVSHFtÀFRVSDUDFDGDOHXFyFLWR2VVXÀ[RV´ÀOLDµH´FLWRVHµVmRLQGLFDWLYRVGHDXPHQWR
HQTXDQWRRVXÀ[R´SHQLDµpLQGLFDWLYRGHUHGXomR
1RSURFHVVRLQÁDPDWyULRDJXGRHQDVLQIHFo}HVEDFWHULDQDVRFRUUHDXPHQWRQDSURGXomRGHOHXFyFLWRV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHGHQHXWUyÀORVTXHVmRRWLSRFHOXODUUHTXHULGRSDUDGHIHVDRUJkQLFDQHVVDVVLWXDo}HV
(PGRHQoDVDOpUJLFDVHSDUDVLWiULDVRFRUUHHVWtPXORSDUDSUROLIHUDomRGRVSUHFXUVRUHVGHHRVLQyÀORV Leucocitose
UHVXOWDQGRHPDXPHQWRGHVVHWLSRFHOXODUQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR1DVLQIHFo}HVYLUDLVSRGHRFRUUHUWDQWR
DXPHQWRFRPRUHGXomRQRQ~PHURGHOLQIyFLWRVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR /HXFRFLWRVHpRDXPHQWRQRQ~PHURGHOHXFyFLWRVSRUYROXPHGHVDQJXHFLUFXODQWHePDLVFRPXPTXH
DFRQWHoDXPDOHXFRFLWRVHGHYLGRDXPDOLQIRFLWRVHDXPHQWRGRVOLQIyFLWRVRXQHXWURÀOLDDXPHQWRGRV
QHXWUyÀORVSRLVHVVHVVmRRVOHXFyFLWRVPDLVQXPHURVRVHPWRGDVDVHVSpFLHVGRPpVWLFDV(QWUHWDQWR
SRGH KDYHU OHXFRFLWRVH SRU HRVLQRÀOLD DXPHQWR GRV HRVLQyÀORVRX PDLV UDUDPHQWH SRU PRQRFLWRVH
DXPHQWRGRVPRQyFLWRV3RUVHUHPFpOXODVUDUDVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRRDXPHQWRQDVFRQWDJHQVGH
EDVyÀORVEDVRÀOLDpLQFRPXP
58 59
$OHXFRFLWRVHSRGHVHUSDWROyJLFDRXÀVLROyJLFD$OHXFRFLWRVHSDWROyJLFDRFRUUHHPUHVSRVWDDGRHQoDV YHQHQRV(PSDFLHQWHVFRPDQHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDVRXKHPROtWLFDVSRGHVHREVHUYDUXPDOHYHQHXWURÀOLD
LQIHFFLRVDV LQÁDPDWyULDV DXWRLPXQHV SDUDVLWiULDV DOpUJLFDV RX QHRSOiVLFDV 1HVVDV VLWXDo}HV D SRU HVWtPXORV LQHVSHFtÀFRV VREUH RV SUHFXUVRUHV GH OHXFyFLWRV QD PHGXOD yVVHD 2 SyVRSHUDWyULR D
PHGXODyVVHDpHVWLPXODGDDSURGX]LUFpOXODVGHGHIHVDOHXFyFLWRVTXHVmRHQYLDGDVSDUDRVDQJXHH HQGRWR[HPLDDXUHPLDHDVOHXFHPLDVVmRVLWXDo}HVTXHSRGHPFDXVDUQHXWURÀOLD
HPVHJXLGDPLJUDPSDUDRVWHFLGRVTXHVmRVHXVORFDLVGHDWXDomRQDGHIHVDRUJkQLFD
Desvio à esquerda
(PVLWXDo}HVGHHVWUHVVHDJXGRPHGLDGRSRUDGUHQDOLQDRXFU{QLFRDXPHQWRGRFRUWLVROSRGHRFRUUHU
OHXFRFLWRVHQRKHPRJUDPD$DGUHQDOLQDSURPRYHDGHVPDUJLQDomRGRVOHXFyFLWRVGRFRPSDUWLPHQWR $UHVSRVWDLQLFLDOGDPHGXODyVVHDDRVSURFHVVRVLQIHFFLRVRVRXLQÁDPDWyULRVpRDXPHQWRQDSURGXomR
PDUJLQDOSDUDRFRPSDUWLPHQWRFLUFXODQWHUHVXOWDQGRHPOHXFRFLWRVHQHXWURÀOLDRXOLQIRFLWRVH(PIHOLQRV GHOHXFyFLWRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQHXWUyÀORVSRLVVmRDVFpOXODVUHTXHULGDVSDUDGHIHVDRUJkQLFDQHVVDV
domésticos o efeito do estresse, por exemplo, no momento da coleta, pode resultar em leucocitose mais VLWXDo}HV 2 WHUPR GHVYLR j HVTXHUGD WDPEpP GHQRPLQDGR GH GHVYLR PDWXUDWLYR RX GHVYLR QXFOHDU
PDUFDQWHSRLVDUHODomRHQWUHRQ~PHURGHOHXFyFLWRVQRVFRPSDUWLPHQWRVPDUJLQDOHFLUFXODQWHpGH GHQHXWUyÀORVjHVTXHUGD'11(RFRUUHTXDQGRKiDXPHQWRQRQ~PHURGHQHXWUyÀORVHPEDVWmRRX
(PJDWRVWDPEpPpIUHTXHQWHDOLQIRFLWRVHFRPRUHVSRVWDDHVWUHVVHDJXGR SUHFXUVRUHVPDLVMRYHQVFRPRPHWDPLHOyFLWRVHPLHOyFLWRVQRKHPRJUDPD
2 DXPHQWR GRV QtYHLV GH FRUWLFRLGHV HQGyJHQRV H H[yJHQRV SRGH UHVXOWDU HP OHXFRFLWRVH QHXWURÀOLD (VVHWHUPRIRLFULDGRSRU9LWRU6FKLOOLQJTXHHVWDEHOHFHXXPGLDJUDPDGHPDWXUDomRGRVQHXWUyÀORV
PDGXUD VHP FpOXODV LPDWXUDV HRVLQRSHQLD H OLQIRSHQLD FDUDFWHUL]DQGR R FKDPDGR KHPRJUDPD GH RQGHDVFpOXODVLPDWXUDVORFDOL]DPVHjHVTXHUGDGRGLDJUDPD)LJXUD2VDQJXHSHULIpULFRFRQWpP
HVWUHVVH 2V FRUWLFRLGHV UHGX]HP D GLDSHGHVH SDVVDJHP GRV OHXFyFLWRV GR VDQJXH SDUD RV WHFLGRV XPQ~PHURUHGX]LGRGHQHXWUyÀORVLPDWXURVEDVW}HV$OLEHUDomRDXPHQWDGDGHVVDVFpOXODVLPDWXUDV
ID]HQGRFRPTXHDXPHQWHRQ~PHURGHVVDVFpOXODVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR$OpPGLVVRRFRUWLVROWDPEpP GDPHGXODyVVHDFDUDFWHUL]DR'11(HRFRUUHTXDQGRDXPHQWDDGHPDQGDGHQHXWUyÀORVSDUDRVWHFLGRV
FDXVDOLQIyOLVHHGLPLQXLDUHFLUFXODomRGRVOLQIyFLWRVUHVXOWDQGRHPOLQIRSHQLD2XWURDFKDGRFRPXPQR RXHPFDVRVGHOHXFHPLDVDJXGDVRXFU{QLFDV
KHPRJUDPDGHHVWUHVVHpDHRVLQRSHQLDHHPFmHVpIUHTXHQWHDRFRUUrQFLDGHPRQRFLWRVH
2GHVYLRjHVTXHUGDUHDFLRQDODRSURFHVVRLQIHFFLRVRRXLQÁDPDWyULRpHVFDORQDGRRXVHMDDSURSRUomR
Leucopenia GHFpOXODVPDGXUDVpPDLRUTXHDVFpOXODVMRYHQVUHÁHWLQGRDKLHUDUTXLDQRUPDOTXHRFRUUHQDSURGXomR
GRVQHXWUyÀORV1RHQWDQWRRGHVYLRjHVTXHUGDSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGRFRPRUHJHQHUDWLYRRXGHJHQHUDWLYR
$OHXFRSHQLDpDUHGXomRGRQ~PHURGHOHXFyFLWRVQRVDQJXHHRFRUUHIUHTXHQWHPHQWHSRUQHXWURSHQLD
RXOLQIRSHQLD$OHXFRSHQLDpXPDDOWHUDomRKHPDWROyJLFDIUHTXHQWHHLQGLFDTXHDVGHIHVDVRUJkQLFDV
HVWmRGLPLQXtGDVRXTXHDPHGXODyVVHDSRGHHVWDUFRPVXDDWLYLGDGHVXSULPLGD
$V OHXFRSHQLDV SRGHP WHU YiULDV FDXVDV GHQWUH DV TXDLV VH GHVWDFDP DV RFDVLRQDGDV SRU DJHQWHV
TXtPLFRV PHGLFDPHQWRV VXEVWkQFLDV PLHORWy[LFDV ItVLFRV UDGLDo}HV RX LQIHFFLRVRV 3RGH WDPEpP
UHVXOWDUHPOHXFRSHQLDDSURGXomRLQHÀFD]QDPHGXODyVVHDFDXVDGDSRUGRHQoDVLPXQRPHGLDGDV(P
GRHQoDVQHRSOiVLFDVFRPPHWiVWDVHQDPHGXODyVVHDRWHFLGRKHPDWRSRLpWLFRpVXEVWLWXtGRSRUFpOXODV
neoplásicas podendo resultar em leucopenia, anemia e trombocitopenia.
3RGHVHUREVHUYDGRQRKHPRJUDPDDOHXFRSHQLDDQHXWURSHQLDHDOLQIRSHQLDHPGRHQoDVYLUDLVFRPR
H[HPSORFLQRPRVHSDUYRYLURVHOHXFHPLDIHOLQDGHQWUHRXWUDV(PLQIHFo}HVEDFWHULDQDVVHYHUDVFRPR
nas septicemias, é frequente a ocorrência de leucopenia associada à neutropenia e outras citopenias.
1HXWURÀOLD
Figura 18 'LJUDPDGH6FKLOOLQJ'HPRQVWUDQGRR1HXWUyÀORPDGXURVHJPHQWDGRDVFpOXODVLPDWXUDV
$QHXWURÀOLDpRDXPHQWRGHQHXWUyÀORVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR2FRUUHGHYLGRDRDXPHQWRGDSURGXomRRX ORFDOL]DGDVjHVTXHUGDGRGLDJUDPDHDFpOXODYHOKDKLSHUVHJPHQWDGDjGLUHLWDGRGLDJUDPD
OLEHUDomRGDPHGXODyVVHDHPGHFRUUrQFLDGHHVWUHVVHDXPHQWRGRVFRUWLFRVWHURLGHVRXDGUHQDOLQDRX
HPUHVSRVWDjLQÁDPDomRRXLQIHFomRPRGHUDGDDJUDYH
Desvio à esquerda regenerativo
6mR FDXVDV GH QHXWURÀOLD D H[FLWDomR R PHGR RV H[HUFtFLRV DV FRQYXOV}HV D JHVWDomR H R SDUWR $
HOHYDomRQDVFRQFHQWUDo}HVGHFRUWLFRVWHURLGHVHQGyJHQRVRXH[yJHQRVSRGHFDXVDUQHXWURÀOLD1HVVDV
eFDUDFWHUL]DGRSHODSUHVHQoDGHEDVWRQHWHVHRXWUDVFpOXODVMRYHQVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFRVHPDSHUGD
VLWXDo}HVDQHXWURÀOLDpGLWDPDGXUDSRLVRFRUUHHOHYDomRGRVQHXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVQmRKDYHQGR
GDUHODomRGHSURGXomRRXVHMDRDXPHQWRGHQHXWUyÀORVYHPDFRPSDQKDGRGHHVWtPXORHOLEHUDomRGH
DXPHQWRGRQXPHURGHQHXWUyÀORVLPDWXURVQHXWUyÀORVHPEDVWmR
FpOXODVMRYHQV2Q~PHURGHQHXWUyÀORVLPDWXURVEDVW}HVHQFRQWUDVHDEDL[RGRQ~PHURGHQHXWUyÀORV
3URFHVVRVLQÁDPDWyULRVORFDLVRXJHQHUDOL]DGRVIUHTXHQWHPHQWHUHVXOWDPHPQHXWURÀOLD1HVVHVFDVRV PDGXURV VHJPHQWDGRV LQGLFDQGR XPD ERD UHVSRVWD GR RUJDQLVPR DOpP GH PRVWUDU WDPEpP TXH
D QHXWURÀOLD p DFRPSDQKDGD GH HOHYDomR QR QXPHUR GH QHXWUyÀORV LPDWXURV EDVW}HV VHQGR HVVD D PHGXOD yVVHD WHP WHPSR VXÀFLHQWH GLDV SDUD UHVSRQGHU j GHPDQGD H QHFHVVLGDGH WHFLGXDO
VLWXDomRGHQRPLQDGDGHVYLRGHQHXWUyÀORVjHVTXHUGD DXPHQWDGDGHQHXWUyÀORV
2XWUDVFDXVDVGHDXPHQWRQRQ~PHURGHQHXWUyÀORVVmRLQWR[LFDo}HVSRUFKXPERPHUF~ULRDGUHQDOLQDH
60 61
Desvio à esquerda degenerativo SURPRYHQGRDPDUJLQDomRRXVHTXHVWURGHHRVLQyÀORVQRVWHFLGRVDOpPGHLQLELomRGDOLEHUDomRGHVVDV

FpOXODVSHODGDPHGXODyVVHD3RGHRFRUUHUDLQGDQDIDVHDJXGDGDLQÁDPDomRQRHVWUHVVHHPRFLRQDO
eFDUDFWHUL]DGRTXDQGRRQ~PHURGHFpOXODVMRYHQVVXSHUDRQ~PHURGHVHJPHQWDGRVRXTXDQGRRFRUUH no parto e na atividade física intensa.
SHUGDGDSURSRUomRPDWXUDWLYDPLHOyFLWRV²PHWDPLHOyFLWRV²EDVWRQHWHV²VHJPHQWDGRVLQGLFDQGR
TXH D PHGXOD yVVHD HVWi HVJRWDGD QD VXD UHVHUYD GH QHXWUyÀORV PDGXURV VHJPHQWDGRV OLEHUDQGR Linfocitose
células imaturas.
/LQIRFLWRVHpRDXPHQWRDEVROXWRQRQ~PHURGHOLQIyFLWRVQRVDQJXH$VSULQFLSDLVFDXVDVGHOLQIRFLWRVH
1RVERYLQRVRGHVYLRjHVTXHUGDGHJHQHUDWLYRpFRPXPGXUDQWHRHVWiJLRLQLFLDOGHGRHQoDVLQIHFFLRVDV VmRGHVFULWDVFRPRÀVLROyJLFDVHPTXHVHREVHUYDXPDUHVSRVWDjHSLQHIULQDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHPJDWRV
RXLQÁDPDWyULDVKLSHUDJXGDVDDJXGDVGHYLGRDSUHVHQWDUHPXPFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHUHVHUYDGDPHGXOD H FDYDORV H HP DQLPDLV MRYHQV UHVXOWDQGR HP XPD OLQIRFLWRVH WUDQVLWyULD 2FRUUH OLQIRFLWRVH WDPEpP
yVVHDFRPVXSULPHQWROLPLWDGRGHQHXWUyÀORVPDGXURV/RJRQmRpFRQVLGHUDGRXPSURJQyVWLFRUXLP DSyVDVYDFLQDo}HVFRPREVHUYDomRGHLPXQyFLWRVQDVGRHQoDVLQIHFFLRVDVGHQDWXUH]DFU{QLFDHP
DQmRVHUTXHHVWHWHQKDSHUVLVWLGRSRUYiULRVGLDV(PRXWUDVHVSpFLHVRSURJQyVWLFRpGHVIDYRUiYHOH FDVRVGHPHGRHDQVLHGDGHHPIHOLQRVQDIDVHFU{QLFDGDLQÁDPDomRHPSURWR]RRQRVHVHPIDVHGH
UHTXHUDWHQomRHWUDWDPHQWRULJRURVR FRQYDOHVFHQoDHPFDVRVGHOLQIRPDHOHXFHPLDOLQIRFtWLFD
Desvio à direita 2VDQLPDLVMRYHQVPHQRUHVGHVHLVPHVHVSRGHPWHUDFRQWDJHPGHOLQIyFLWRVPDLVHOHYDGDGRTXHRV
DGXOWRV(DSHVDUGHUDUDTXDOTXHUHVWLPXODomRDQWLJrQLFDSRGHUHVXOWDUHPOLQIRFLWRVHFRPRHPFDVRV
eFDUDFWHUL]DGRSHODREVHUYDomRGHQHXWUyÀORVKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRVFRPPDLVGHOyEXORVHPTXDQWLGDGH GHDJHQWHVLQIHFFLRVRVHLQÁDPDomRFU{QLFD(KUOLFKLDFDQLVH9tUXVGD/HXFHPLD%RYLQD
DXPHQWDGDQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR,QGLFDTXHDGLDSHGHVHGRVQHXWUyÀORVSRGHHVWDUGLPLQXtGDHHVVDV
FpOXODV HVWmR HQYHOKHFHQGR QD FRUUHQWH VDQJXtQHD 3RGH VHU REVHUYDGR XP DXPHQWR GR Q~PHUR GH Linfopenia
QHXWUyÀORVKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRVHPSDFLHQWHVPHGLFDGRVFRPFRUWLFRLGHVRXFRPVtQGURPHGH&XVKLQJ$
GHÀFLrQFLDGHYLWDPLQD%SRGHOHYDUDKLSHUVHJPHQWDomR&RPDUHVROXomRGRSURFHVVRLQÁDPDWyULR $OLQIRSHQLDpFDUDFWHUL]DGDSHODGLPLQXLomRGRQ~PHURGHOLQIyFLWRVQRVDQJXH$VSULQFLSDLVFDXVDV
RXLQIHFFLRVRDGLDSHGHVHHVWiUHGX]LGDHSRGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVHVVHVQHXWUyÀORVQRVDQJXHSHULIpULFR GH OLQIRSHQLD LQFOXHP DGPLQLVWUDomR GH FRUWLFRVWHURLGHV IDVH DJXGD GDV LQIHFo}HV YLUDLV SURFHVVRV
LQIHFFLRVRVJUDYHVHQGRWR[HPLDVHSWLFHPLDLQtFLRGHYLURVHVGURJDVLPXQRVVXSUHVVRUDVRXUDGLDomRH
Neutropenia SHUGDGHOtTXLGRVULFRVHPOLQIyFLWRVHIXVmRTXLORVD
eFDUDFWHUL]DGDSHODGLPLQXLomRGRQ~PHURGHQHXWUyÀORVQRVDQJXH$QHXWURSHQLDSRGHVHUUHVXOWDGR 2 OHXFRJUDPD GH HVWUHVVH RFRUUH GHYLGR DRV FRUWLFRVWHURLGHV HQGyJHQRV H H[yJHQRV VHQGR D FDXVD
GHXPDJUDYHLQIHFomRHPSHTXHQRVDQLPDLVFmHVHJDWRV6mRFDXVDVGHQHXWURSHQLDVHSWLFHPLDSRU PDLVFRPXPGHOLQIRSHQLD$LQIHFomRDJXGDSRGHVHUPHGLDGDSRUFRUWLFRVWHURLGHVRXHPFRQVHTXrQFLD
DJHQWHVEDFWHULDQRVJUDPQHJDWLYRVLQIHFo}HVSXOPRQDUHVWRUiFLFDVSHULWRQHDLVLQWHVWLQDLVHXWHULQDV D XPD LQIHFomR OHYDQGR D XPD GLPLQXLomR QD SURGXomR GH OLQIyFLWRV DXPHQWR GD PDUJLQDOL]DomR H
7RGDVHVVDVFDXVDVSRGHPOHYDUDXPDQHXWURSHQLDHDLQGDSRGHPVHUDJUDYDGDVSRUHQGRWR[HPLD PLJUDomRSDUDRVWHFLGRV$SHUGDGHOLQIyFLWRVRFRUUHGHYLGRDSHUGDGHHIXV}HVULFRVHPOLQIyFLWRVRX
$QHXWURSHQLDSRGHRFRUUHUHPFDVRVGHLQÁDPDomRSXUXOHQWDDJXGDHGRHQoDVDXWRLPXQHV3RGHP SHUGDGHOLQIDJHUDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGRWUDWRJUDVWURLQWHVWLQDOOLQIDQJHFWDVLD
UHVXOWDUHPQHXWURSHQLDDUHDOL]DomRGHTXLPLRWHUDSLDLQWR[LFDomRSRUHVWUyJHQRKHPDWRSRLHVHFtFOLFD Monocitose
FDQLQD&ROOLHVFLQ]DVHUOLFKLRVHUDGLDomRGRHQoDVYLUDLVHPLHORSWLVH2DXPHQWRGDJUDQXORSRLHVH
LQHÀFD] HP FDVRV GH )H/9 9tUXV GD /HXFHPLD )HOLQD PLHORSWLVH H VtQGURPHV PLHORGLVSOiVLFDV SRGH ,QGLFDRDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHPRQyFLWRVQRVDQJXH$VSULQFLSDLVFDXVDVLQFOXHPIDVHGHUHFXSHUDomR
resultar em neutropenia. GDVLQÁDPDo}HVHIHLWRHVWHURLGHVQRFmRGHVQXWULomRFDTXH[LDLQÁDPDo}HVFU{QLFDVLQHVSHFtÀFDV
leucemia monocítica, necrose tecidual e doenças causadas por protozoários.
(RVLQRÀOLD
$ UHVSRVWD DR HVWUHVVH SRGH FDXVDU XPD PRQRFLWRVH SDUWLFXODUPHQWH HP FmHV 1DV LQÁDPDo}HV
(RVLQRÀOLDpRDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURDEVROXWRGHHRVLQyÀORVQRVDQJXH2VWHFLGRVFRPPDLRUQ~PHURGH LQIHFFLRVDVRXQmRLQIHFFLRVDVDJXGDVRXFU{QLFDVWDPEpPVmRFRPXQV$SHVDUGHUDURpLPSRUWDQWH
HRVLQyÀORVUHTXHUHPXPDPDLRUYLJLOkQFLDSRLVDSUHVHQWDPFRQWDWRFRPRPHLRH[WHUQRSHOHSXOP}HV REVHUYDU TXH QD UHFXSHUDomR GH OHVmR DJXGD GD PHGXOD yVVHD VHFXQGiULD D H[SRVLomR D DJHQWHV
HDSDUHOKRJDVWURLQWHVWLQDO quimioterapêuticos, a monocitose pode estar bastante aumentada e imitar uma leucemia. A resposta
paraneoplásica, em casos de linfoma pode induzir uma monocitose através de secreção de citocinas,
$ HRVLQRÀOLD SRGH RFRUUHU HP FDVRV GH SDUDVLWLVPR YHUPHV SXOPRQDUHV H JDVWULQWHVWLQDLV GLURÀOiULD porém, também é incomum.
GHPRGLFRVHHHFWRSDUDVLWLVPRKLSHUVHQVLELOLGDGHSQHXPRQLDHRVLQRItOLFDDOHUJLDDSLFDGDGHSXOJD
DWRSLD KLSHUVHQVLELOLGDGH DOLPHQWDU JUDQXORPD HRVLQRItOLFR IHOLQR H JDVWURHQWHULWHV HRVLQRItOLFDV Monocitopenia
([LVWHPUHODWRVGHHRVLQRÀOLDHPIHOLQRVFRPLQIHFo}HVSRUHVWDÀORFRFRVHHVWUHSWRFRFRV1HRSODVLDV
OHXFHPLDHRVLQRItOLFDHDOJXQVWXPRUHVVyOLGRVSRGHPUHVXOWDUHPHRVLQRÀOLD $PRQRFLWRSHQLDpDGLPLQXLomRGHPRQyFLWRVQRVDQJXH2VLQWHUYDORVGHUHIHUrQFLDSRGHPEDL[DUj
]HURQmRDSUHVHQWDQGRVLJQLÀFDGRFOtQLFR
Eosinopenia
%DVRÀOLD
(RVLQRSHQLD p D GLPLQXLomR QD FRQWDJHP DEVROXWD GR Q~PHUR HRVLQyÀORV QR VDQJXH e GLItFLO UHODWDU
XPDHRVLQRSHQLDSRLVDOJXQVLQWHUYDORVGHUHIHUHQFLDSRGHPWHUR]HURFRPRYDORUPtQLPR3RUpPD e FDUDFWHUL]DGR SHOR DXPHQWR GR Q~PHUR DEVROXWR GH EDVyÀORV QR VDQJXH VHQGR XP DFKDGR UDUR H
HRVLQRSHQLDSRGHRFRUUHHPFRQVHTXrQFLDGHUHVSRVWDDRVJOLFRFRUWLFRLGHVOHXFRJUDPDGHHVWUHVVH TXHRFRUUHQRUPDOPHQWHHPDVVRFLDomRFRPDHRVLQRÀOLD2VEDVyÀORVQmRDVVRFLDGRVDRVHRVLQyÀORV
62 63
SRGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVQDGRHQoDPLHORSUROLIHUDWLYDFU{QLFDOHXFHPLDPLHORLGHFU{QLFDHWURPERFLWHPLD 6.4 Alterações morfológicas nos leucócitos

HVVHQFLDOWDPEpPFKDPDGDGHOHXFHPLDFU{QLFDGHSODTXHWDVHOHXFHPLDEDVRItOLFDTXHWDPEpPWHP
VLGRUHODWDGDHPDQLPDLV3RGHRFRUUHEDVRÀOLDHPFDVRVGHGLURÀOiULDOLSHPLDHWXEHUFXORVH
Linfócitos reativos, linfócitos atípicos ou imunócitos
Basopenia
$SUHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVUHDWLYRVQRVDQJXHJHUDOPHQWHHVWiDVVRFLDGDDXPDUHVSRVWDLPXQLWiULDGR
1mRWHPUHOHYkQFLDGHYLGRjPDLRULDGRVDQLPDLVVDXGiYHLVQmRDSUHVHQWDUHPEDVyÀORVHRLQWHUYDORGH RUJDQLVPRHSRGHVHUREVHUYDGDHPTXDOTXHUDQLPDOSULQFLSDOPHQWHHPDQLPDLVPDLVMRYHQVUHFpP
UHIHUrQFLDJHUDOPHQWHp]HUR1mRWHPVLJQLÀFDGRFOtQLFR YDFLQDGRV RX HP FRQYDOHVFrQFLD GH GRHQoDV YLUDLV 2V OLQIyFLWRV UHDWLYRV DSUHVHQWDP R WDPDQKR
YDULDGRFLWRSODVPDPDLVEDVRItOLFRD]XODGRSRGHQGRDSUHVHQWDUDOJXQVYDF~RORVQ~FOHRSOHRPyUÀFR
H DJUHJDGRV GH FURPDWLQD $SUHVHQWDP XPD iUHD HVEUDQTXLoDGD SHULQXFOHDU TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DR
FRPSOH[RGHJROJLeLPSRUWDQWHTXHVHGLIHUHQFLHRVOLQIyFLWRVUHDWLYRVJUDQGHVGRVEODVWRVTXHHVWmR
DVVRFLDGRVjVOHXFHPLDVSRUPHLRGHH[DPHVPDLVHVSHFtÀFRVHFLWRORJLDHPFRQMXQWRFRPRKLVWyULFR
GRDQLPDODFKDGRVFOtQLFRVDOpPGDDQiOLVHFRPSOHWDGRKHPRJUDPD)LJXUD
Linfócitos granulares
IMPORTANTE SABER
$SUHVHQWDP SHTXHQRV JUkQXORV YHUPHOKRV HP XPD iUHD GR FLWRSODVPD JHUDOPHQWH HVVHV JUkQXORV
Leucemia:eXPDQHRSODVLDTXHHQYROYHFpOXODVKHPDWRSRLpWLFDVGRVDQJXH
ÀFDPGHQWURGHXPDUHHQWUkQFLDGRQ~FOHR2VOLQIyFLWRVJUDQXODUHVVmRSURYDYHOPHQWHDVFpOXODV7
RX GD PHGXOD yVVHD FRP SUROLIHUDomR FORQDO DQRUPDO $ OHXFHPLD SRGH
FLWRWy[LFDVRXFpOXODV1.HVHHQFRQWUDPHPSHTXHQDTXDQWLGDGHDGHWRGRVRVOLQIyFLWRVQR
VHUGHTXDOTXHUOLQKDJHPGHFpOXODVKHPDWRSRLpWLFDVLQFOXLQGRTXDOTXHU
VDQJXHGHDQLPDLVVDXGiYHLV2DXPHQWRQDTXDQWLGDGHGRVOLQIyFLWRVJUDQXODUHVQRVDQJXHSRGHVHU
FpOXOD PLHOyLGH PHJDFDULyFLWRV JUDQXOyFLWRV PRQyFLWRV H HULWUyFLWRV RX
REVHUYDGRHPFRQGLo}HVUHDWLYDVFRPRHPLQIHFomRSRUEhrlichia canisGRHQoDUHQDOFU{QLFDHPFmHV
OLQIyLGH OLQIyFLWRV $ OHXFHPLD SRGH VHU DJXGD RX FU{QLFD 1D OHXFHPLD
RXHPFDVRVGHOHXFHPLDVSULPiULDVOHXFHPLDGRVOLQIyFLWRVJUDQXODUHV
DJXGDRFRUUHSUHGRPLQkQFLDGHEODVWRVFpOXODVLQGLIHUHQFLDGDVQDPHGXOD
yVVHD H VDQJXH SHULIpULFR $V OHXFHPLDV DJXGDV WrP XPD SURJUHVVmR Cromatina sexual
UiSLGD VHQGR QHFHVViULD D UHDOL]DomR GH H[DPHV HVSHFtÀFRV FRPR
LPXQRFLWRTXtPLFDHDFLWRPHWULDGHÁX[RSDUDDMXGDUQDGHWHUPLQDomRGD $OJXQVQHXWUyÀORVDSUHVHQWDPDFURPDWLQDVH[XDOTXHWDPEpPSRGHVHUFKDPDGDGH&RUS~VFXORGH%DDU
OLQKDJHPFHOXODUQHRSOiVLFD1DOHXFHPLDFU{QLFDRFRUUHSUHGRPLQkQFLDGH VHQGRXPSURORQJDPHQWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGRQ~FOHRGHRFRUUrQFLDQRUPDOHLPSRUWDQWHQDGLIHUHQFLDomR
células bem diferenciadas (semelhantes às células normais) e apresenta entre machos e fêmeas. A cromatina sexual é o cromossomo X inativo e condensado das células que
XPDSURJUHVVmROHQWDTXHSRGHGHPRUDUDQRVVHQGRD/HXFHPLDOLQIRFtWLFD constituem as fêmeas do sistema XY de determinação do sexo existente nos seres humanos, na maioria
FU{QLFDDPDLVFRPXP GRVRXWURVPDPtIHURVDOJXQVLQVHWRVDrosophilaHDOJXPDVSODQWDV*LQNJR)LJXUD²$
É importante destacar que a diferenciação em relação a aparência e as
FRQGLo}HVGDOHXFHPLDOLQIRLGHHOLQIRPDpPXLWDVYH]HVGLItFLOTXDQGRRFRUUH 1HXWUyÀORVKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRVRXSROLOREyFLWRV
LQÀOWUDomRGDPHGXODyVVHD1DIDVHFU{QLFDGROLQIRPDPHGXODUDVFpOXODV
QHRSOiVLFDV TXH LQYDGHP D FRUUHQWH VDQJXtQHD SRGHP VHU FRQIXQGLGDV 2V QHXWUyÀORV VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV KLSHUVHJPHQWDGRV TXDQGR DSUHVHQWDP PDLV GH FLQFR VHJPHQWRV
FRPFpOXODVGDOHXFHPLDOLQIyLGHDVVLPFRPRDVFpOXODVOHXFrPLFDVSRGHP nucleares. São células que estão na circulação há mais tempo do que o normal, ou seja, são consideradas
LQÀOWUDUROLQIRQRGRDSDUHQWDQGRXPOLQIRPD ´FpOXODVYHOKDVµ2XWUDFDXVDGDSUHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORVKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRVQDFLUFXODomRVHGHYHDDomR
GHFRUWLFyLGHVHQGyJHQRVRXH[yJHQRVTXHSUHMXGLFDPDGLDSHGHVHGHVVDVFpOXODVRTXHH[SOLFDR
Reação leucemóide: $V UHDo}HV OHXFHPyLGHV SRGHP VHU FRQIXQGLGDV HQYHOKHFLPHQWRGRVPHVPRVQDFRUUHQWHVDQJXtQHD
FRP D OHXFHPLD SRUpP VmR UHDo}HV KHPDWROyJLFDV JHUDOPHQWH XPD $ SUHVHQoD GH QHXWUyÀORV KLSHUVHJPHQWDGRV TXDQGR DVVRFLDGD D OHXFRFLWRVH LQGLFD DXPHQWR QD
leucocitose reativa, que ocorrem devido à presença de determinadas SURGXomR GH FRUWLFyLGHV HQGyJHQRV H[ VtQGURPH GH &XVKLQJ RX HVWUHVVH FU{QLFR RX DGPLQLVWUDomR
HQIHUPLGDGHV H TXH PHOKRUDP TXDQGR VmR WUDWDGDV 2FRUUH JHUDOPHQWH GH FRUWLFRLGH H[yJHQR 4XDQGR D REVHUYDomR GHVVDV FpOXODV QmR HVWi DVVRFLDGD j OHXFRFLWRVH RX VH
XPDDOWDFRQWDJHPGHOHXFyFLWRVFRPFRQWDJHPDEVROXWDGHGHWHUPLQDGR DSUHVHQWDDVVRFLDGDDXPDOHXFRSHQLDSRGHFDUDFWHUL]DUXPHVJRWDPHQWRGDPHGXODyVVHD$SUHVHQoD
OHXFyFLWRRXSUHVHQoDDFHQWXDGDGHGHVYLRDHVTXHUGDDTXDOVXJHUHXPD GH QHXWUyÀORV KLSHUVHJPHQWDGRV p WDPEpP REVHUYDGD QD DQHPLD PHJDOREOiVWLFD SRU GHÀFLrQFLD GH
OHXFHPLDJUDQXORFtWLFD3RGHPRFRUUHUWDPEpPRFDVLRQDOPHQWHFRPRXWURV 9LWDPLQD%)LJXUD²%&
OHXFyFLWRV FRPR RV OLQIyFLWRV H RV HRVLQyÀORV 7HPVH FRPR H[HPSOR GH
doenças que causam uma reação leucêmica a piometra e a peritonite com
GHVYLRDHVTXHUGDUHJHQHUDWLYR
64 65
1HXWUyÀORVKLSRVHJPHQWDGRV
6mR QHXWUyÀORV TXH QmR VRIUHP D VHJPHQWDomR QXFOHDU FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GDV FpOXODV PDGXUDV 6mR
REVHUYDGRV HP XPD GRHQoD KHUHGLWiULD UDUD GHQRPLQDGD 3HOJHU+HW Mi GHVFULWD HP FmHV JDWRV
FRHOKRVHHTXLQRV$SHVDUGDDOWHUDomRPRUIROyJLFDDVFpOXODVDSUHVHQWDPVXDVIXQo}HVLQDOWHUDGDV
QmRKDYHQGRUHSHUFXVV}HVFOtQLFDVSDUDRSDFLHQWH1mRKiQHQKXPDHYLGrQFLDTXHLQGLTXHDXPHQWRGD
VXVFHSWLELOLGDGHDLQIHFo}HVRXLPXQRGHÀFLrQFLDHPSRUWDGRUHVGDDQRPDOLDGH3HOJHU+XHWW
*HUDOPHQWH R GLDJQyVWLFR p LQFLGHQWDO H LPSRUWDQWH SDUD HYLWDU VXD LQWHUSUHWDomR FRPR XP GHVYLR j
HVTXHUGD$KLSRVHJPHQWDomRWDPEpPSRGHVHUREVHUYDGDHPHRVLQyÀORVHEDVyÀORV3RGHRFRUUHSVHXGR
3HOJHU+HWVHQGRHVVDDOWHUDomRFDXVDGDSRUUHDo}HVDGURJDVHHPDOJXQVFDVRVGHPLHORGLVSODVLDV
1HXWUyÀORVWy[LFRVRXQHXWUyÀORVFRPJUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDV
$REVHUYDomRGHJUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDVpVXJHVWLYDGHDXPHQWRGDSURGXomRHDWLYDomRGRVQHXWUyÀORV1D
SURGXomRQRUPDOGHQHXWUyÀORVDVFpOXODVPDGXUDVVHJPHQWDGDVDSUHVHQWDPJUDQXODo}HVVHFXQGiULDV
TXHQmRVHFRUDP$VJUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDVLQGLFDPJUDQXORSRLHVHPXLWRDWLYDHTXHHVWmRVHQGRHQYLDGRV
SDUDFLUFXODomRQHXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVDLQGDFRPSHUVLVWrQFLDGRVJUkQXORVSULPiULRV(VVHVJUkQXORV
SULPiULRVVmRFRUDGRVFRPRVFRUDQWHVGDURWLQDKHPDWROyJLFDHÀFDPHYLGHQWHVQRFLWRSODVPD
Figura 19 /LQIyFLWRVUHDWLYRVA. B. C. D. 3UHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVUHDWLYRVLGHQWLÀFDGRVSHODVÁHFKDVHP
2XWUD H[SOLFDomR SDUD HVVD DOWHUDomR PRUIROyJLFD GRV QHXWUyÀORV p TXH DV JUDQXODo}HV Wy[LFDV VmR OkPLQDVGHVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQR$XPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[FRUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGR
JUkQXORV DQRUPDLV UHVXOWDQWHV GD IDJRFLWRVH GH DJHQWHV Wy[LFRV FRPR EDFWpULDV RX SURWHtQDV VpULFDV
desnaturadas.
0RUIRORJLFDPHQWH HVVDV DOWHUDo}HV Wy[LFDV LQFOXHP EDVRÀOLD FLWRSODVPiWLFD DXPHQWDGD FRP
DSDUHFLPHQWRGRVJUkQXORVD]XUyÀORVRXYDFXROL]DomRQRFLWRSODVPD2FRUUHQXPDYDULHGDGHGHGRHQoDV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHHPGRHQoDVLQÁDPDWyULDVHLQIHFo}HVEDFWHULDQDVVLVWrPLFDV)LJXUD²'(
Corpúsculo de Dohle
6mR FRQVLGHUDGDV SRU DOJXQV DXWRUHV FRPR D FRQGHQVDomR GH YiULRV JUkQXORV Wy[LFRV TXH IRUPDP
uma inclusão oval de coloração azul pálida localizada, quase sempre, na periferia do citoplasma. Outra
explicação é que os Corpúsculos de Dohle é que seriam remanescentes de ribossomas livres que
SHUVLVWHPQDVFpOXODVPDGXUDV6mRREVHUYDGRVQDVPHVPDVVLWXDo}HVTXHOHYDPDRDSDUHFLPHQWRGDV
JUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDV
Monócitos ativados
2VPRQyFLWRVDSUHVHQWDPYDF~RORVQRVHXLQWHULRUQRUPDOPHQWHDSDUHFHPHPDQLPDLVFRPRUHVSRVWD
à hemoparasitos.
Figura 20 $OWHUDo}HVUHODFLRQDGDVDRVQHXWUyÀORVLGHQWLÀFDGDVSHODVVHWDV&RUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGR
A.&URPDWLQDVH[XDOHPQHXWUyÀORGHFmRREMHWLYDGH[B. e C.1HXWUyÀORKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRGHFmR
(objetiva de 100x), D. e E.1HXWUyÀORVWy[LFRVRXQHXWUyÀORVFRPJUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDVGHFmRREMHWLYDGH
100x).
66 67
07 PLAQUETAS
1RVPDPtIHURVDVSODTXHWDVRXWURPEyFLWRVVmRIUDJPHQWRVFLWRSODVPiWLFRVGHULYDGRVGHXPDFpOXOD
HQFRQWUDGD QD PHGXOD yVVHD R PHJDFDULyFLWR )LJXUD ² $ $ SULQFLSDO IXQomR GDV SODTXHWDV p D
IRUPDomR GH FRiJXORV SDUWLFLSDQGR GD KHPRVWDVLD SULPiULD LQWHUURPSHQGR PRPHQWDQHDPHQWH D
KHPRUUDJLDDQWHVGDHVWDELOL]DomRGRFRiJXOR2XWUDVIXQo}HVLPSRUWDQWHVVmRPDQWHUDLQWHJULGDGH
YDVFXODUPRGXODUDUHVSRVWDLQÁDPDWyULDHSURPRYHUDFLFDWUL]DomRGDVIHULGDVDSyVXPDOHVmRWHFLGXDO
(PUpSWHLVHDYHVRVWURPEyFLWRVVmRFpOXODVWtSLFDVSRVVXLQGRQ~FOHRHFLWRSODVPD1HVVDVHVSpFLHV
DOpPGHSDUWLFLSDUHPGRSURFHVVRKHPRVWiWLFRDVSODTXHWDVWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDPIXQomRIDJRFtWLFD
7.1 Trombocitopoese
1RVPDPtIHURVDVSODTXHWDVVmRRULJLQDGDVQDPHGXODyVVHDDSDUWLUGHXPDFpOXODWURQFR´6WHP&HOOµ
TXHVHGLIHUHQFLDHPXPSUHFXUVRUPLHOyLGHPXOWLSRWHQWH$FpOXODPXOWLSRWHQWHVHGLIHUHQFLDHP8QLGDGH
)RUPDGRUDGH([SORVmR0HJDFDULRFtWLFDVHJXLGDPHQWHHPPHJDFDULREODVWRLPDWXURSULPHLURSUHFXUVRU
plaquetário.
2 Q~FOHR GR PHJDFDULREODVWR VH GLYLGH VHP GLYLGLU R FLWRSODVPD IRUPDQGR R SUyPHJDFDULyFLWR TXH
DSUHVHQWDTXDWURQ~FOHRVVHJXLGDPHQWHGDIDVHGHDPDGXUHFLPHQWRHIRUPDomRGRPHJDFDULyFLWR2
FLWRSODVPDGRPHJDFDULyFLWRVHIUDJPHQWDIRUPDQGRDVSUySODTXHWDVTXHYmRGDURULJHPDVSODTXHWDV
&DGDPHJDFDULyFLWRRULJLQDHPPpGLDSODTXHWDV2VSULQFLSDLVIDWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVGDSURGXomR
GH SODTXHWDV VmR IDWRU HVWLPXODQWH GH FRO{QLD PHJDFDULRFtWLFD IDWRU HVWLPXODQWH GD WURPERFLWRVH
WURPERSRLHWLQDHLQWHUOHXFLQD)LJXUD
Figura 21 Trombocitopoiese. A célula tronco (“Stem Cell”) se diferencia em precursor mieloide

PXOWLSRWHQWH$FpOXODPXOWLSRWHQWHVHGLIHUHQFLDHP8QLGDGH)RUPDGRUDGH&RO{QLD8)&0HJDFDULRFtWLFD
HSRVWHULRUPHQWHHPPHJDFDULyFLWRLPDWXUR(PVHJXLGDIRUPDRPDJDFDULyFLWRPDGXURTXHGiRULJHP
as plaquetas.
68 69
7.2 Alterações numéricas das plaquetas 1R SODTXHWRJUDPD DOpP GDV LQIRUPDo}HV TXDQWLWDWLYDV GDV SODTXHWDV VmR GHVFULWDV DOWHUDo}HV
PRUIROyJLFDV WDLV FRPR SUHVHQoD GH SODTXHWDV JLJDQWHV RX DJUHJDGRV SODTXHWiULRV $ SUHVHQoD GH
SODTXHWDV JLJDQWHV p LQGLFDWLYD GH TXH D WURPERFLWRSRLHVH HVWi DWLYD )LJXUD ² ' 2V DJUHJDGRV
2 SODTXHWRJUDPD p D SDUWH GR KHPRJUDPD TXH TXDQWLÀFD H DYDOLD PRUIRORJLFDPHQWH DV SODTXHWDV
SODTXHWiULRVVmRTXDVHVHPSUHGHFRUUHQWHVGHHUURVSUpDQDOtWLFRVGXUDQWHDFROHWDGHVDQJXH)LJXUD
A FRQWDJHP WRWDO GH SODTXHWDV p H[SUHVVD HP Q~PHUR GH SODTXHWDV SRU OLWUR RX PLOLOLWUR GH VDQJXH
²%&
A redução no número de plaquetas é tecnicamente denominada trombocitopenia (plaquetopenia),
enquanto o aumento é dito trombocitose (plaquetose).
$V WURPERFLWRSHQLDV VmR DOWHUDo}HV KHPDWROyJLFDV PXLWR FRPXQV QD YHWHULQiULD H SRGHP RFRUUHU SRU
redução na produção de plaquetas (trombocitopoiese), aumento da destruição ou consumo e por
sequestro ou perda de plaquetas.
2FRUUH UHGXomR QD WURPERFLWRSRLHVH HP VLWXDo}HV FRPR PLHORSWLVH LQÀOWUDomR GD PHGXOD yVVHD SRU
FpOXODVWXPRUDLVUDGLDo}HVHGHVWUXLomRLPXQRPHGLDGDGRVPHJDFDULyFLWRV1DLQVXÀFLrQFLDUHQDOSRGH
RFRUUHUWURERFLWRSHQLDSRLVWURPERSRLHWLQDpSURGX]LGDQRWHFLGRUHQDO$OJXPDVGURJDVSRGHPFDXVDU
UHGXomRQDSURGXomRGHSODTXHWDVFRPRH[HPSORIHQLOEXWD]RQDHVWUyJHQRVLQWpWLFRTXLPLRUHWiSLFRV
DQWLELyWLFRV
Doenças infecciosas também podem resultar em trombocitopenia por aumento do consumo ou destruição
das plaquetas. São exemplos de doenças que resultam em trombocitopenia erlichiose, babesiose,
peritonite infecciosa felina (PIV), panleucopenia felina, leptospirose, salmonelose etc. As plaquetas
também podem ser destruídas em doenças autoimunes como na anemia hemolítica autoimune.
2FRUUHDXPHQWRQRFRQVXPRGHSODTXHWDVHFRQVHTXHQWHWURPERFLWRSHQLDQDFRDJXODomRLQWUDYDVFXODU
disseminada (CID).
1DHVSOHQRPHJDOLDDXPHQWRGRWDPDQKRGREDoRSRGHRFRUUHUWRPERFLWRSHQLD2EDoRpXPyUJmR
LPSRUWDQWHQRDUPD]HQDPHQWRHGHVWUXLomRGHFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDV'HVVDIRUPDRDXPHQWRQRYROXPH
Figura 22 Plaquetas. A. 3UHVHQoD GH SODTXHWDV LGHQWLÀFDGDV SHODV VHWDV HP VDQJXH SHULIpULFR
RX IXQomR HVSOrQLFD SRGH UHVXOWDU HP FLWRSHQLDV UHGXomR QR Q~PHUR GH FpOXODV VDQJXtQHDV FRPR
canino (aumento com objetiva de 100x), B. 3UHVHQoD GH DJUHJDGR SODTXHWiULR HP VDQJXH SHULIpULFR
trombocitopenias, anemia e leucopenias.
FDQLQRDXPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[LGHQWLÀFDGRSHODVHWDC. 3UHVHQoDGHDJUHJDGRVSODTXHWiULRV
3RGH RFRUUHU XPD IDOVD WURPERFLWRSHQLD HP VLWXDo}HV HP TXH RFRUUH JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH DJUHJDGRV HPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQRDXPHQWRFRPREMHWLYDGH[LGHQWLÀFDGRSHODVVHWDVD. Presença de
SODTXHWiULRVGLÀFXOWDQGRDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGHSODTXHWDV1HVVDVVLWXDo}HVRQ~PHURGHSODTXHWDVHVWi PDFURSODTXHWDVHPVDQJXHSHULIpULFRFDQLQRLGHQWLÀFDGDVSHODVVHWDVeREVHUYDGDWDPEpPKHPiFLDV
UHGX]LGRSRUpPEHPSUy[LPRGRLQWHUYDORGHUHIHUrQFLDLQIHULRU)LJXUD²%& com hipocromia (aumento com objetiva de 100x).
$WURPERFLWRVHWDPEpPGHQRPLQDGDSODTXHWRVHpXPDDOWHUDomRKHPDWROyJLFDPHQRVIUHTXHQWHQD
YHWHULQiULD3RGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGDFRPRSULPiULDRXVHFXQGiULDUHDWLYD$WURPERFLWRVHSULPiULDFRQVLVWH
HPXPDGRHQoDKHPDWROyJLFDUDUDQDTXDORFRUUHSUROLIHUDomRQHRSOiVLFDGRVSUHFXUVRUHVSODTXHWiULRV
resultando em aumento no número de plaquetas.
$ WURPERFLWRVH VHFXQGiULD RX UHDWLYD RFRUUH SRU HVWLPXODomR GD PHGXOD yVVHD RX SRU UHGXomR GR IMPORTANTE SABER
´FOHDUDQFHµHVSOrQLFR1DVGRHQoDVLQÁDPDWyULDVJHUDOPHQWHRFRUUHDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHSODTXHWDV
SRLVDWURPERSRLHWLQDSRGHHVWDUHOHYDGDQHVWHVHVWDGRVFOtQLFRVFRPRSDUWHGDUHDomRGHIDVHDJXGD $ &RDJXODomR ,QWUDYDVFXODU 'LVVHPLQDGD &,' p XP TXDGUR FOtQLFR TXH RFRUUH
1DV DQHPLDV UHJHQHUDWLYDV SRGH VHU REVHUYDGD WURPERFLWRVH SRU HVWtPXORV LQHVSHFtÀFRV VREUH RV VHFXQGiULRDGRHQoDVJUDYHVFRPRH[HPSORVHSWLFHPLDOHXFHPLDVOHSWRVSLURVH
precusores de plaquetas. EDEHVLRVH1HVVDVLWXDomRRFRUUHDWLYDomRFRQMXQWDGRPHFDQLVPRGDFRDJXODomRH
GDÀEULQyOLVHUHVXOWDQGRHPGLPLQXLomRGRQ~PHURGHSODTXHWDVWURPERFLWRSHQLD
$OpP GDV DOWHUDo}HV QXPpULFDV SRGHP RFRUUHU DOWHUDo}HV IXQFLRQDLV GDV SODTXHWDV VHQGR HVWDV HIDWRUHVGDFRDJXODomR2FRUUHDXPHQWRGRVSURGXWRVGHULYDGRVGDÀEULQD3')V
GHQRPLQDGDV WURPERFLWRSDWLDV $V WURPERFLWRSDWLDV SRGHP VHU GHFRUUHQWHV GH DOWHUDo}HV IXQFLRQDLV
FRQJrQLWDVUDUDVQDYHWHULQiULDGHDomRGHDJHQWHVLQIHFFLRVRVHUOLFKLRVHRXGHYLGRDXWLOL]DomRGH
DOJXPDVGURJDVFRPRH[HPSORDVSLULQDLEXSURIHQRDFHWRPLQRIHQDQWLELyWLFRVEORTXHDGRUHVGRFDQDO
GHFiOFLRHWF$FLGHQWHVRItGLFRVXUHPLDGRHQoDKHSiWLFDQHRSODVLDVHDOJXPDVGRHQoDVLQIHFFLRVDV
(erlichia) também podem alterar a função plaquetária.
70 71
Relacionadas à amostra
8WLOL]DURDQWLFRDJXODQWHFRUUHWRSDUDHVSpFLHDQLPDO)LJXUD
8WLOL]DURDQWLFRDJXODQWHFRUUHWRSDUDRH[DPHDVHUUHDOL]DGR
5HVSHLWDUDFRUUHWDUHODomRDQWLFRDJXODQWHVDQJXH
(YLWDUJDUURWHSURORQJDGR
08 TÉCNICAS HEMATOLÓGICAS / AULAS PRÁTICAS
(YLWDUFDXVDVGHKHPyOLVHHOHXFyOLVH
,GHQWLÀFDUDDPRVWUDFRUUHWDPHQWH
5HPHWHURPDLVUiSLGRSRVVtYHOSDUDRODERUDWyULR
8.1 Roteiro de aula prática de coleta de amostras
Tema: Coleta de amostras de sangue
As etapas de coleta, armazenamento e remessa de amostras clínicas para exames laboratoriais são
GHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDDVVHJXUDUTXHRVUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRVVHMDPGHPi[LPDFRQÀDELOLGDGHSDUD
SURSyVLWRVGLDJQyVWLFRV(PKHPDWRORJLDFRQVLGHUDVHTXHRKHPRJUDPDVHLQLFLDFRPDHWDSDGDFROHWD
HTXDOTXHUDOWHUDomRQHVVDIDVHSRGHLQÁXHQFLDUQHJDWLYDPHQWHRVUHVXOWDGRVGHVWHH[DPHUHVXOWDQGR
HPHUURVSUpDQDOtWLFRV3RUWDQWRRSURFHGLPHQWRGHFROHWDGHVDQJXHGHYHVHUUHDOL]DGRREHGHFHQGR
WRGDVDVUHFRPHQGDo}HVWpFQLFDVGHFXLGDGRVFRPRSDFLHQWHHFRPDDPRVWUD
Objetivos
5HDOL]DUFROHWDGHVDQJXHHPYiULDVHVSpFLHVDQLPDLV
,GHQWLÀFDomRHUHPHVVDGDDPRVWUD
&RQKHFHURVGLIHUHQWHVVLVWHPDVGHFROHWDGHVDQJXH
&RQKHFHURVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHDQWLFRDJXODQWHVHVXDVLQGLFDo}HVGHXVR
Diferenciar plasma e soro.
Recomendações técnicas para coleta de sangue Figura 23 7XERVYDFXQWDLQHUVFRPGLIHUHQWHVVXEVWkQFLDVDQWLFRDJXODQWHVLGHQWLÀFDGDVSRUFRUHVGH

tampas padronizadas. Os tubos de tampa vermelha e amarela são utilizados para obtenção de soro e,
Relacionadas ao animal GHVVDIRUPDQmRDSUHVHQWDPVXEVWkQFLDDQWLFRDJXODQWH2VWXERVFRPWDPSDDPDUHODFRQWHPXPJHO
-HMXPGHKRUDVPRQRJiVWULFRV VHSDUDGRUGHFRiJXOR
&ROHWDUVDQJXHGHDQLPDLVUHSRXVDGRVHWUDQTXLORV
'HSUHIHUrQFLDQmRXWLOL]DUWUDQTLOL]DQWHVVHGDWLYRVRXDQHVWpVLFRVJHUDLVHPDOJXPDVHVSp- Procedimentos de coleta
FLHVVLOYHVWUHVDVHGDomRpQHFHVViULD
5HDOL]DUXPDFROHWDUiSLGDHSUHFLVD &RQWHURDQLPDOGHIRUPDDGHTXDGDHTXHIDFLOLWHRSURFHGLPHQWRGHFROHWD
Realizar a coleta no local adequado para cada espécie (Tabela 3). 5HDOL]DUDQWLVHSVLDiOFRROiOFRROLRGDGRRXLRGRSRYLGLQH
4XDQGRQHFHVViULRUHDOL]DUWULFRWRPLD
Tabela 3 /RFDOLQGLFDGRSDUDFROHWDGHVDQJXHHPGLIHUHQWHVHVSpFLHVGHDQLPDLVGRPpVWLFRV )D]HURJDUURWHSUy[LPRDRORFDOGHLQWURGXomRGDDJXOKD
,QWURGX]LUDDJXOKD
Espécie Animal Local de coleta 'HVID]HURJDUURWHHFROKHURVDQJXHOHQWDPHQWH
Bovina 9HLDMXJXODUFDXGDORXPDPiULD 5HWLUDUDDJXOKDDSyVFRPSOHWDURYROXPHGHVHMDGR
Ovina e caprina 9HLDMXJXODU )D]HUDKHPRVWDVLD
(TLQD 9HLDMXJXODU 6HHVWLYHUXWLOL]DQGRVHULQJD5(7,5$5$$*8/+$DQWHVGHWUDQVIHULURVDQJXHSDUDRWXER
Canina e Felina 9HLDMXJXODUFHIiOLFDRXVDIHQD 7UDQVIHULUOHQWDPHQWHRVDQJXHSHODVSDUHGHVGRWXER
)HFKDURWXERHKRPRJHQHL]DUOHQWDPHQWHSRULQYHUVmR
Suína Veia cava anterior, seio venoso oftálmico
4XDQGRDDPRVWUDIRUFROHWDGDSDUDREWHQomRGHVRURVDQJXtQHRRSURFHGLPHQWRGHKRPRJH-
Aves Veia ulnar neização não deve ser realizado.
72 73
8.2 Roteiro de aula prática de esfregaço sanguíneo 3LQJDUXPDJRWDGHVDQJXHQDH[WUHPLGDGHGHXPDOkPLQDOLPSDFRPDDMXGDGHXPWXERFDS-

LODU)LJXUD
Tema: Prática de esfregaço sanguíneo &RORFDUXPDOkPLQDH[WHQVRUDRXODPtQXODVREUHDOkPLQDDQWHVGDJRWDGHVDQJXHIRUPDQGR
2 HVIUHJDoR VDQJXtQHR RX H[WHQVmR VDQJXtQHD p REWLGR D SDUWLU GH XPD JRWD GH VDQJXH GLVWHQGLGD XPkQJXORGH)LJXUD
VREUH XPD OkPLQD GH PLFURVFRSLD 'HSRLV GH FRQIHFFLRQDGR R HVIUHJDoR p FRUDGR H SHUPLWH TXH RV 5HWRUQDUFXLGDGRVDPHQWHDH[WHQVRUDDWpWRFDUDJRWDGHVDQJXH$JRWDLUiVHHVSDOKDUSRU
GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV FHOXODUHV GR VDQJXH VHMDP REVHUYDGRV DR PLFURVFySLR 2V HVIUHJDoRV VmR XWLOL]DGRV WRGDDERUGDGDOkPLQDH[WHQVRUD)LJXUD
QDLQYHVWLJDomRGHDOWHUDo}HVKHPDWROyJLFDVHGHWHFomRGHKHPRSDUDVLWDV1RKHPRJUDPDFRPSOHWRR 'HPDQHLUDSUHFLVDVHJXUDHFRQVWDQWHPRYHUDOkPLQDH[WHQVRUDDWpDH[WUHPLGDGHRSRVWDGD
HVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRpXWLOL]DGRSDUDID]HUDDYDOLDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVHUHDOL]DUD RXWUDOkPLQD2HVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRGHYHFREULUWUrVTXDUWRVGDOkPLQD)LJXUD
FRQWDJHPGLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRV 6HFDUDRDUOLYUH
&RUDUXWLOL]DQGRR.LWSDQyWLFRUiSLGR6HJXLUDVRULHQWDo}HVGRIDEULFDQWH
2HVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRpIRUPDGRSRUWUrViUHDVFRUSRPRQRFDPDGDHFDXGD$iUHDPDLVHVSHVVD
FKDPDGDGH´FDEHoDµQmRpXWLOL]DGDSDUDSHVTXLVDHDYDOLDomR$iUHDSDUDOHLWXUDGRHVIUHJDoRpDTXH
DVFpOXODVVHGLVWULEXHPHPPRQRFDPDGDeLPSRUWDQWHTXHVHFRQIHFFLRQHXPHVIUHJDoRGHTXDOLGDGH
SDUDUHDOL]DUXPDERDOHLWXUDHDYDOLDomRGRVDQJXHREWHQGRXPUHVXOWDGRFRQÀiYHO)LJXUD
Figura 24 4XDOLGDGHGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRHFDPDGDVSDUDDDYDOLDomRPRUIROyJLFDGDVFpOXODV2
HVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHRpIRUPDGRSRUWUrViUHDVFRUSRPRQRFDPDGDHFDXGD$iUHDSDUDOHLWXUDpDTXH
as células se distribuem em monocamada.
Objetivos Figura 25 (WDSDVGDFRQIHFomRGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
&RQIHFFLRQDUHFRUDUHVIUHJDoRVVDQJXtQHRV
Procedimentos
&ROHWDURVDQJXH(WDSDUHDOL]DGDSHORJUXSRTXHGHYHOHYDUSDUDDXODSUiWLFDXPDDPRVWUD
VDQJXtQHDUHFpPFROHWDGD
+RPRJHQHL]DURWXERFRPRVDQJXH
74 75
8.3 Roteiro de aula prática de Hemograma completo
Tema: Técnicas hematológicas - Hemograma completo

2KHPRJUDPDFRPSOHWRpXPH[DPHODERUDWRULDOTXHIRUQHFHLPSRUWDQWHVLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHRHVWDGR
ÀVLROyJLFRGRDQLPDOQRPRPHQWRGDFROHWDGHVDQJXH(VVHH[DPHLQFOXLGDGRVTXDQWLWDWLYRVHTXDOLWDWLYRV
HpGLYLGLGRHPWUrVSDUWHVHULWURJUDPDOHXFRJUDPDHSODTXHWRJUDPD(QWUHRVGDGRVTXDQWLWDWLYRVHVWmR
DVFRQWDJHQVJOREDLVGHFpOXODVKHPiFLDVOHXFyFLWRVHSODTXHWDVDGHWHUPLQDomRGRKHPDWyFULWR+W
)LJXUDHDGRVDJHPGHKHPRJORELQD+EDFRQWDJHPGLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRVHRFiOFXORGRV
tQGLFHVKHPDWLPpWULFRV9*0&+*0H+*02VGDGRVTXDOLWDWLYRVVmRUHIHUHQWHVjPRUIRORJLDFHOXODUH
REWLGRVGXUDQWHRH[DPHGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
1DV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV RFRUUHX XPD JUDQGH HYROXomR WHFQROyJLFD QD UHDOL]DomR GR KHPRJUDPD H DV
WpFQLFDV PDQXDLV WrP VLGR VXEVWLWXtGDV SRU HTXLSDPHQWRV DXWRPDWL]DGRV JDUDQWLQGR PDLRU SUHFLVmR
QRV UHVXOWDGRV HP XP PHQRU LQWHUYDOR GH WHPSR 1D YHWHULQiULD DV PHWRGRORJLDV PDQXDLV DLQGD VmR
EDVWDQWHXWLOL]DGDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDUHDOL]DUKHPRJUDPDVGHHVSpFLHVVLOYHVWUHVHGHDQLPDLVFRP
hemácias e plaquetas nucleadas (aves, répteis, anfíbios e peixes).
Objetivos
([HFXWDURVSURFHGLPHQWRVQHFHVViULRVSDUDUHDOL]DomRGRKHPRJUDPD
&RQKHFHURVPpWRGRVPDQXDLVKHPRFLW{PHWURGH1HXEDXHUHVHPLDXWRPDWL]DGRV&HOP
HDXWRPDWL]DGRV%&9HW
&DOFXODURVtQGLFHVKHPDWLPpWULFRV9*0H&+*0
5HDOL]DUDIyUPXODOHXFRFLWiULD
Tabular e interpretar os resultados.
Procedimentos Figura 26 (WDSDV SDUD D UHDOL]DomR GR KHPDWyFULWR &ROHWD GH PDWHULDO VDQJXH HP WXER FDSLODU
FHQWULIXJDomR 'HPRQVWUDomR GD OHLWXUD GR KHPDWyFULWR DSyV D FHQWULIXJDomR VHSDUDomR HP SODVPD
&ROHWDURVDQJXHHWDSDUHDOL]DGDSHORJUXSRTXHGHYHOHYDUSDUDDXODSUiWLFDXPDDPRVWUD
OHXFyFLWRVSODTXHWDVHHULWUyFLWRV
VDQJXtQHDUHFpPFROHWDGD
&RQIHFFLRQDUHFRUDURHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
5HDOL]DURKHPDWyFULWR+W)LJXUDH
5HDOL]DUDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGHKHPiFLDVPDQXDOHDXWRPDWL]DGD&*+
'RVDUDKHPRJORELQD+E
&DOFXODURVtQGLFHVKHPDWLPpWULFRV&+*0H9*0
5HDOL]DUDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGHOHXFyFLWRVPDQXDOHDXWRPDWL]DGD&*/
5HDOL]DUDFRQWDJHPGLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRV&'/
76 77
LEUCOGRAMA
CONTAGEM GLOBAL DE LEUCÓCITOS (CGL)
Leucograma Valor obtido Valor de Interpretação

(BC 2800 Vet) referência
&*/[/
CONTAGEM DIFERENCIAL DE LEUCÓCITOS (CDL)
Valores obtidos Valor de referência Interpretação

Absoluto Absoluto
Leucograma Relativo Relativo
(x 103/ ( x 103/

/ /
1HXWUyÀORV
1HXWUyÀORV
Figura 27 $PRVWUD GH VDQJXH HP WXER FDSLODU SDUD UHDOL]DomR GR KHPDWyFULWR 7XER FDSLODU FRP VHJPHQWDGRV
DPRVWUDGHVDQJXHWRWDODQWHVGDFHQWULIXJDomRHWXGRFDSLODUDSyVDFHQWULIXJDomRFRPVHSDUDomRGH 1HXWUyÀORV
SODVPDOHXFyFLWRVSODTXHWDVHHULWUyFLWRV2SODVPDSRGHHVWDUFRPDFRUQRUPDOLQFRORUFmHVHJDWRV
e amarela nos casos dos herbívoros devido à presença de caroteno, ou cor anormal amarela (icterícia EDVW}HV
HPFmHVHJDWRVFRUEUDQFDHPFDVRGHOLSHPLDSyVSUDQGLDOÀVLROyJLFRRXHPFDVRVGHGLDEHWHVH (RVLQyÀORV
KLSRWLUHRLGLVPRSDWROyJLFR
/LQIyFLWRV
0RQyFLWRV
Tabulação e Interpretação dos resultados do hemograma %DVyÀORV
(Usar dados obtidos pelo equipamento BC2800Vet)
ERITROGRAMA OBS:___________________________________________________________________
1. Calcule os valores leucocitários absolutos
Valor obtido Valor de
Eritrograma Interpretação ,QWHUSUHWHRVOHXFRJUDPDHPDVVRFLDomRFRPDKLVWyULDHRVVLQDLVFOtQLFRV
(BC2800 Vet) referência 3. Utilize os termos técnicos indicados para cada alteração observada
+W
PLAQUETOGRAMA
&*+[/
+EJG/ Valor obtido
Plaquetograma Valor de referência Interpretação
VGM fL (BC 2800 Vet)
&+*0 Plaq. (x 103/
OBS.___________________________________________________________________
&DOFXOHR9*0H&+*0HFODVVLÀTXHDVDQHPLDVVHKRXYHU OBS:___________________________________________________________________
78 79
METODOLOGIA MANUAL PARA CONTAGEM GLOBAL DE LEUCÓCITOS
Componentes (Diluição do sangue 1:20)

P/GH785.
P//GH6DQJXH
Protocolo
'LOXLURVDQJXH
$JLWDUIRUWHPHQWHRWXER
(QFKHURUHWLFXORGDFkPDUD Figura 28 (VTXHPDGHPRQVWUDQGRRUHWtFXORGH1HXEDXHUHRVORFDLVSDUDFRQWDJHPGHOHXFyFLWRVH
5HSRXVDUSRUPLQXWRV KHPiFLDV/RFDOGHFRQWDJHPGHOHXFyFLWRVUHSUHVHQWDGRSHODOHWUD/HORFDOGHFRQWDJHPGHKHPiFLDV
&RQWDURVFDPSRVGHVWLQDGRVjTXDQWLÀFDomRGHOHXFyFLWRV)LJXUD representado pelos cinco quadrados vermelhos.
Resultado x 50.
Em caso de leucocitose, a diluição será:

0,76 mL x 100 1,52 mL x 200
1,14 mL x 150 1,90 mL x 250
METODOLOGIA MANUAL PARA CONTAGEM GLOBAL DE HEMÁCIAS
Componentes (Diluição do sangue 1:200)

P/GH*2:(5+$<(0RXVRURÀVLROyJLFR
P//GH6DQJXH
Protocolo
$JLWDUOHYHPHQWHRWXER
(QFKHURUHWLFXORGDFkPDUD
5HSRXVDUSRUPLQXWRV
&RQWDUFDPSRVGHVWLQDGRVjTXDQWLÀFDomRGHKHPiFLDV)LJXUD
Resultado x 10.000.
OBS: 3DUDFRQWDJHPGHKHPiFLDVGHRYLQRVHFDSULQRVXWLOL]DVHDVHJXLQWHGLOXLomR Figura 29 +HPRFLWRPHWULDeRPpWRGRSDUDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVTXHFRQVLVWHHP

GLOXLURVDQJXH/HXFyFLWRV²POGH785.PO/GHVDQJXH+HPiFLDV²POGH*2:(5
P/GH*2:(5+$<(0RXVRURÀVLROyJLFR RXVRURÀVLROyJLFRPO/GHVDQJXHSHUPLWLQGRDFRQVHUYDomRGDVFpOXODV$SyVDSUHSDUDomR
P//GH6DQJXH da diluição de acordo com o protocolo, preencher o retículo da câmara de Neubauer com a utilização da
Lembrar no cálculo de multiplicar o resultado por 20.000. pipeta, evitando o excesso de líquido e bolhas de ar sob a lamínula. Realizar a leitura nos locais indicados
OHXFyFLWRVHKHPiFLDVVLVWHPDWL]DQGRDFRQWDJHPGHDFRUGRFRPDVHWDD]XOGDÀJXUD
80 81
DESCREVENDO AS CÉLULAS SANGUÍNEAS PESQUISE E RESPONDA
'HVHQKHRVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVLGHQWLÀTXHFDGDXPGHOHVHGHVFUHYDVXDVSULQFLSDLV 1. 1RV~OWLPRVDQRVRFRUUHXXPDJUDQGHHYROXomRWHFQROyJLFDQDUHDOL]DomRGRKHPRJUDPDID]HQGR
IXQo}HV)DoDWRGRVRVGHVHQKRVFRORULGRVSDUDH[HPSOLÀFDUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPRUIROyJLFDVHWLQWRULDLV FRPTXHDVWpFQLFDVPDQXDLVVHMDPVXEVWLWXtGDVSRUVLVWHPDVDXWRPDWL]DGRV(VVDWHFQRORJLDWDPEpP
de cada tipo celular. FKHJRXDRVODERUDWyULRVGHDQiOLVHVFOtQLFDVYHWHULQiULDVJHUDQGRUHVXOWDGRVPDLVSUHFLVRVHPXPPHQRU
LQWHUYDORGHWHPSR$OpPGLVVRFRPDDXWRPDomRDOJXPDVLQRYDo}HVVmRREVHUYDGDVQRKHPRJUDPD
FRPRQRYRVtQGLFHVKHPDWLPpWULFRV9HMDDEDL[RDOJXQVtQGLFHVJHUDGRVSHODDXWRPDomRHSHVTXLVHVHXV
VLJQLÀFDGRVHXWLOLGDGHVGLDJQyVWLFDV
D5':UHGFHOOGLVWULEXWLRQZLGWK &RHÀFLHQWHGHYDULDomRGRYROXPHJOREXODUPpGLR
b) VPM (volume plaquetário médio)
F3':SODWHOHWGLVWULEXWLRQZLGW&RHÀFLHQWHGHYDULDomRGRYROXPHSODTXHWiULR
2. 4XDORSULQFLSDODYDQoRWHFQROyJLFRREVHUYDGRQDVpULHOHXFRFLWiULD"
3. 7UDGLFLRQDOPHQWHDGHWHUPLQDomRGHSURWHtQDVQmRID]SDUWHGRKHPRJUDPD(QWUHWDQWRQDYHWHULQiULD
HVVHSDUkPHWURpLQFOXtGRQRUHVXOWDGRGRKHPRJUDPDFRPSOHWRSRLVIRUQHFHLQIRUPDo}HVLPSRUWDQWHV
DRFOtQLFRVROLFLWDQWH'LDQWHGRH[SRVWRUHVSRQGDDVTXHVW}HVDEDL[R
D4XDORYDORUREWLGRSDUDSURWHtQDVWRWDLVGRVDQJXHXWLOL]DGRQDDXODSUiWLFD"
E4XDODPHWRGRORJLDXWLOL]DGDQDDXODSDUDGHWHUPLQDUDVSURWHtQDV"
F4XDLVDVLQIRUPDo}HVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHHVVHSDUkPHWURIRUQHFHDRFOtQLFR"
G4XDLV RV WHUPRV WpFQLFRV XWLOL]DGRV SDUD GHVLJQDU R DXPHQWR H D GLPLQXLomR GDV SURWHtQDV
SODVPiWLFDV"
H4XDLVVmRDVSULQFLSDLVSURWHtQDVGRVDQJXH"
82 83
Hemograma 2. &DQLQR 0HJ PHVHV IrPHD 0XFRVDV SiOLGDV DQLPDO SURVWDGR QmR VH DOLPHQWD H
desidratado.
Parâmetros Resultados Valores de Referência**

+HPiFLDVPLOK}HVPP3) 1,15 5,0 a 8,5
09 INTERPRETAÇÃO DE HEMOGRAMAS
+HPRJORELQDJG/ 2,9 12 a 18
+HPDWyFULWR 8 37 a 55
Hemograma 1. Canino Rex, 4 anos, macho. Animal com mucosas pálidas, não se alimenta, fraqueza, 9&0Á 73 60 a 77
RIHJDQWHGHVLGUDWDGRDSUHVHQWDQGRPXLWRVFDUUDSDWRV
+&0SJ 25,2 19 a 23
Parâmetros Resultados Valores de Referência** &+&0JG/ 36,3 32 a 36
+HPiFLDVPLOK}HVPP3) 1,08 5,0 a 8,5 /HXFyFLWRVPP3) 23.500 6.000 a 17.000
+HPRJORELQDJG/ 2,4 12 a 18 %DVyÀORVPP3) 0 Raros
+HPDWyFULWR 7 37 a 55 (RVLQyÀORVPP3) 0 150 a 1.250
9&0Á 64,8 60 a 77 1HXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVPP3) 17.500 3.000 a 11.500
+&0SJ 22,2 19 a 23 1HXWUyÀORVEDVW}HVPP3) 300 0 a 300
&+&0JG/ 34,3 32 a 36 /LQIyFLWRVPP3) 4.500 1.000 a 4.800
/HXFyFLWRVPP3) 33.500 6.000 a 17.000 0RQyFLWRVPP3) 1.200 150 a 1.350
%DVyÀORVPP3) 0 Raros Plaquetas (mm3) 80.000 200.000 a 500.000
(RVLQyÀORVPP3) 330 150 a 1.250 6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\
1HXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVPP3) 27.500 3.000 a 11.500
2%63ODVPDOHYHPHQWHKHPROLVDGR$QLVRFLWRVH3ROLFURPDVLD+LSRFURPLD
1HXWUyÀORVEDVW}HVPP3) 2.664 0 a 300
/LQIyFLWRVPP3) 1.665 1.000 a 4.800
INTERPRETAÇÃO DO HEMOGRAMA:)DoDDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRHULWURJUDPDOHXFRJUDPDHSODTXHWRJUDPD
0RQyFLWRVPP3) 333 150 a 1.350
Plaquetas (mm )3
153.000 200.000 a 500.000
6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\
2%6 3ODVPD OtPSLGR $QLVRFLWRVH 3ROLFURPDVLD +LSRFURPLD GH PHWDUUXEUtFLWRV

/HXFyFLWRVPRUIRORJLFDPHQWHQRUPDLV
84 85
Hemograma 3. )HOLQD3DQGRUDDQRIrPHD$QLPDOFRPVHFUHomRSXUXOHQWDYDJLQDOIHEUHGH&H Hemograma 4. )HOLQD-DGLWHDQRVIrPHD$QLPDODSUHVHQWDDXPHQWRGRDEG{PHQIHEUHGH&QmR

com anorexia. Animal não é castrado. VHDOLPHQWD3URSULHWiULRUHODWRXTXHDQLPDOQmRpFDVWUDGRHWHPDFHVVRDUXD6XVSHLWRXVHGHJUDYLGH]
Parâmetros Resultados Valores de Referência** Parâmetros Resultados Valores de Referência**

+HPiFLDVPLOK}HVPP3) 5,06 5.0 a 10.0 +HPiFLDVPLOK}HVPP 9,62 5.0 a 10.0
+HPRJORELQDJG/ 9,7 8 a 15 +HPRJORELQDJG/ 13,3 8 a 15
+HPDWyFULWR 31 24 a 45 +HPDWyFULWR 46 24 a 45
9&0Á 60,5 39 a 55 9&0Á 47,8 39 a 55
+&0SJ 19,2 19 a 23 +&0SJ 13,8 19 a 23
&+&0JG/ 31,3 31 a 35 &+&0JG/ 28,9 31 a 35
/HXFyFLWRVPP3) 61.100 5.500 a 19.500 /HXFyFLWRVPP3) 33.700 5.500 a 19.500
%DVyÀORVPP3) 0 Raros %DVyÀORVPP3) 0 Raros
(RVLQyÀORVPP ) 3
1.220 0 a 1.500 (RVLQyÀORVPP3) 3.707 0 a 1.500
1HXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVPP3) 35.438 2.500 a 12.500 1HXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVPP3) 23.253 2.500 a 12.500
1HXWUyÀORVEDVW}HVPP3) 5.500 0 a 300 1HXWUyÀORVEDVW}HVPP3) 0 0 a 300
/LQIyFLWRVPP3) 15.886 1.500 a 7.000 /LQIyFLWRVPP3) 5.392 1.500 a 7.000
0RQyFLWRVPP3) 3.055 0 a 850 0RQyFLWRVPP3) 1.348 0 a 850
Plaquetas (mm3) 282.000 300.000 a 800.000 Plaquetas (mm3) 213.000 300.000 a 800.000
6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\ 6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\
OBS: Anisocitose (+), Macroplaquetas (+). INTERPRETAÇÃO DO HEMOGRAMA:)DoDDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRHULWURJUDPDOHXFRJUDPDHSODTXHWRJUDPD
86 87
Hemograma 5. Canina Cacau, 6 anos, fêmea. Animal apático, fezes normais, urinando normal, não tem Hemograma 6. Peixe-boi (Trichechus manatus manatus) Osmar, 6 meses, macho. Proteínas Totais: 9,8
bom apetite. Apresenta petéquias pelo corpo e vive deitada, quieta, não quer andar. Animal vacinado JGODJGO
corretamente.
+HPiFLDVPLOK}HVPP 3,46 2,17 a 3,39
+HPiFLDVPLOK}HVPP3) 5.14 5.0 a 8.5
+HPRJORELQDJG/ 9,9 9,4 a 13,5
+HPRJORELQDJG/ 13 12 a 18
+HPDWyFULWR 33 28,9 a 43,5
+HPDWyFULWR 38 37 a 55
9&0Á 95,3 114 a 140
9&0Á 74.3 60 a 77
&+&0JG/ 30 28 a 35,4
+&0SJ 25.3 19 a 23
/HXFyFLWRVPP 5.050 2.770 a 13.500
&+&0JG/ 34.2 32 a 36
%DVyÀORVPP 0 0 a 270
/HXFyFLWRVPP3) 3.200 6.000 a 17.000
(RVLQyÀORVPP 50 0 a 1.230
%DVyÀORVPP3) 0 Raros
+HWHUyÀORVPP 2.778 770 a 6.530
(RVLQyÀORVPP3) 0 150 a 1.250
%DVW}HVPP 0 0 a 220
1HXWUyÀORVVHJPHQWDGRVPP3) 2.800 3.000 a 11.500
/LQIyFLWRVPP 2.070 1.010 a 7.200
1HXWUyÀORVEDVW}HVPP3) 0 0 a 300
0RQyFLWRVPP 152 800 a 1.700
/LQIyFLWRVPP3) 280 1.000 a 4.800
Plaquetas (mm3) -------- 111.000 a 424.000
0RQyFLWRVPP3) 100 150 a 1.350
Plaquetas (mm3) 42.000 200.000 a 500.000
Plaquetas (mm3) 42.000 200.000 a 500.000
+DUYH\HWDO+HPDWRORJ\RIKHDOWK\)ORULGDPDQDWHHV7ULFKHFKXVPDQDWXV9HW&OLQ3DWKROS0pWRGR
6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\ 0HWRGRORJLDPDQXDOHP+HPRFLW{PHWURGH1HXEDXHUWpFQLFDGHPLFURKHPDWyFULWRHGDFLDQRPHWDKHPRJORELQD
2%63UHVHQoDGHLQFOXV}HVHPKHPiFLDVVXJHVWLYDVGHBabesia sp. 2%6 3ODVPD KHPROLVDGR GH PHWDUUXEUyFLWR 3UHVHQoD GH PXLWRV DJUHJDGRV SODTXHWiULRV
LQYLDELOL]DQGRDGHWHUPLQDomRGHSODTXHWDV/HXFyFLWRVPRUIRORJLFDPHQWHQRUPDLV
88 89
Observações nas plaquetas (Plaquetograma)

6HDGHWHUPLQDomRIRUSRUHVWLPDWLYDHPHVIUHJDoRFRORFDVHDVHJXLQWHREVHUYDomR'HWHUPL-
QDomRGHSODTXHWDVREWLGDVSRUHVWLPDWLYDHPHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
3UHVHQoDGHSODTXHWDVJLJDQWHV
3UHVHQoDGHDJUHJDGRVSODTXHWiULRV
10 INFORMAÇÕES QUALITATIVAS QUE PODEM VIR EXPRESSAS
NOS RESULTADOS DO HEMOGRAMA
1R FDVR GH WURPERFLWRSHQLD VHYHUD ID]VH D FRQÀUPDomR QR HVIUHJDoR H FRORFD QDV
REVHUYDo}HVGDVSODTXHWDV7URPERFLWRSHQLDFRQÀUPDGDSRUDYDOLDomRGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR
Observações da série vermelha (eritrograma)

Observações para pesquisa de hemoparasitas
• Característica do plasma: límpido, hemolisado (levemente, discretamente, moderadamente),
ictérico (levemente, discretamente, moderadamente), lipêmico (discretamente, levemente). No Descrever no laudo os hemoparasitas observados. A Babesia e Erlichia são os hemoparasitas mais
SODVPDGHUXPLQDQWHVHHTXLQRVVyLQIRUPDULFWHUtFLDVHIRUEHPPDUFDQWH/HPEUDUTXHRSODV- REVHUYDGRVQDURWLQDGRODERUDWyULR
PDRXVRURGHVVDVHVSpFLHVVmRÀVLRORJLFDPHQWHPDLVDPDUHODGRV
Atenção para a observação e a correta descrição de outros hemoparasitas (Ex: Anaplasma spp.,
$QLVRFLWRVHGLIHUHQoDGHWDPDQKRGDVKHPiFLDV
Trypanossoma spp., Mycoplasma spp., etc.). Nesses casos falar com o responsável técnico para
3ROLFURPDWRÀOLDDXPHQWRGHQ~PHURGHSROLFURPDWyÀORV FRQÀUPDomRGRGLDJQyVWLFRHFRUUHWDGHVFULomRQRODXGRGRH[DPH
• Rouleuax eritrocitário ou hemácias em rouleuax
6HQmRIRUHPREVHUYDGRVKHPRSDUDVLWDVSRGHVHREVHUYDUDVHJXLQWHREVHUYDomR
3UHVHQoDGHKHPRSDUDVLWDV
Ex: Presença de merozoítas de Babesia spp. $ DXVrQFLD GH KHPRSDUDVLWDV QD DPRVWUD H[DPLQDGD QmR p VXÀFLHQWH SDUD H[FOXLU D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH
3UHVHQoDGHLQFOXV}HVYLUDLV LQIHFomR SRLV D SUHVHQoD GH SDUDVLWDV QR VDQJXH YDULD FRP D IDVH H R JUDX GH LQIHFomR 3RUWDQWR R
resultado deste exame deverá sempre ser avaliado em conjunto com os dados obtidos no exame clínico
([)RUDPREVHUYDGDVLQFOXV}HVGH/HQW]QRLQWHULRUGRVHULWUyFLWRVOHPEUDUTXHHVVDVLQFOXV}HV
e os resultados de outros exames laboratoriais.
WDPEpPSRGHPVHUREVHUYDGDVQRVOHXFyFLWRV
3HUFHQWXDOGHPHWDUUXEUyFLWRVPHWHUUXEUtFLWRVRXKHPiFLDVQXFOHDGDVFRQWDGRVQDFRQWDJHP
GLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRV6HRSHUFHQWXDOGHPHWDUUXEUyFLWRVIRUVXSHULRUDDOHXFRPHWULD
JOREDOGHYHVHUFRUULJLGDYHUIyUPXODGHFRUUHomRHQDREVHUYDomRDEDL[RGROHXFRJUDPDGHYH
VHULQGLFDGDDFRUUHomRFRPDVHJXLQWHREVHUYDomROHXFRPHWULDJOREDOFRUULJLGD
Observação na série branca (leucograma)

/HXFyFLWRV PRUIRORJLFDPHQWH QRUPDLV RX 1HXWUyÀORV VHP DOWHUDo}HV PRUIROyJLFDV OLQIyFLWRV
VHPDWLSLDV
3UHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVDWtSLFRVRXOLQIyFLWRVUHDWLYRV
3UHVHQoDGHPRQyFLWRVDWLYDGRV
3UHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORVWy[LFRVRXSUHVHQoDGHQHXWUyÀORVFRPJUDQXODo}HVWy[LFDV
1HXWUyÀORVKLSHUVHJPHQWDGRV
/HXFRPHWULDJOREDOFRUULJLGDYLGHREVHUYDomRSDUDPHWDUUXEUyFLWRV
(PFDVRVGHVHYHUDOHXFRSHQLDTXDQGRDFRQWDJHPGLIHUHQFLDOQmRSRGHVHUUHDOL]DGDFROR-
FDVHDVHJXLQWHREVHUYDomR'HYLGRjVHYHUDOHXFRSHQLDDFRQWDJHPGLIHUHQFLDOGHOHXFyFLWRV
IRLLQYLDELOL]DGD
3UHVHQoD GH PyUXOD GH (UOLFKLD VSS QR LQWHULRU GH QHXWUyÀOR VHJPHQWDGR RX RXWUR WLSR GH
OHXFyFLWRRQGHIRLREVHUYDGDDPyUXOD
90 91
8)&*²&203529$UHVSRVWDOHXFRFLWiULDGHERYLQRVGLIHUHGDGHFmHVRXVHMDHPFmHVDV

HQIHUPLGDGHVLQÁDPDWyULDVFU{QLFDVGHFDYLGDGHIHFKDGDSRGHPLQGX]LUQHXWURÀOLDWmRHOHYDGDTXDQWR
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11 QUESTÕES DE PROVA / CONCURSOS
b) Os bovinos não apresentam pool de reserva.
c) Os cães apresentam maior pool de reserva do que os bovinos.
d) Os bovinos são resistentes a esse tipo de infecção.
8)&* ² &203529 6H R VDQJXH IRL FROHWDGR FRP ('7$ H PDQWLGR QD WHPSHUDWXUD e) Os cães apresentam capacidade de proliferação da medula desprezível.
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FGR]HKRUDVDSyVDFROHWD
GYLQWHHTXDWURKRUDVDSyVDFROHWD a) Aplasia medular.
HTXDUHQWDHRLWRKRUDVDSyVDFROHWD b) Presença de disfunção plaquetária.
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d) Não há alteração com relação às plaquetas.
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d) Destruição medular, manifestando-se por uma diminuição de todos os tipos de células formadas c) Em cães da raça Poodle miniatura.
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a) V, F, V, V.
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a) I, II e IV. e) Uma leucemia neutrofílica tem como causa secundária a eritrocitose secundária.
b) I, III e IV.
c) II, III e IV.
d) II e III, apenas. 38&35²5HVLGrQFLDHP3DWRORJLD&OtQLFD9HWHULQiULD2HVIUHJDoRGHDPRVWUDGHVDQJXHp
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falsas.
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$ OLQIRFLWRVH RFRUUH SRU OLQIRSRHVH DXPHQWDGD GHYLGR D HVWtPXOR FU{QLFR SRU DQWtJHQRV RX H/kPLQDOLPSDHVHFDVDQJXHKRPRJHQHL]DGRFRUDQWH6XGDQ%ODFN
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a) F, F, V, F. II. Pode ser causada por medicamentos, como sulfametoxazol.
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94 95
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a) Estão corretos apenas os itens I e II. DEDL[R1®26®2FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHQYROYLGDVQDUHVSRVWDPHGXODUFRPUHWLFXOyFLWRV
b) Estão corretos apenas os itens III e IV.
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d) Estão corretos apenas os itens I e V. VLJQLÀFDQWHRXKHPyOLVHFRPRSLFRHPDGLDVSRVWHULRUHV
e) Estão corretos os itens I, II. III, IV e V. E2VJDWRVDSUHVHQWDPXPJUDXGHUHWLFXORFLWRVHSDUDXPQtYHOHVSHFtÀFRGHDQHPLDPHQRUTXH
os cães.
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é necessária a suplementação com sulfato ferroso para a correção dessa alteração. De acordo com os G$SHUGDGHHULWUyFLWRVRXDGHVWUXLomRH[FHVVLYDGHHULWUyFLWRVUHVXOWDHPDQHPLDUHJHQHUDWLYD
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Wintrobe indique V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso).
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hepática.
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23. (PROMEVET Pequenos Animais/SECAD Ciclo 1, Vol 2. 2016). Diante de um cão que foi atropelado e HKHPyOLVHH[WUDYDVFXODU
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1$9$552&(.*Manual de Hematologia Veterinária. 2. ed. São Paulo: Varela, 2005. 'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSIDHIUHYLVWDLQIEU!$FHVVRHPGHDJRVWRGH
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cnptia.embrapa.br/>. Acesso em: 24 de fevereiro de 2016. dezembro, 2013.
110 111
ANEXO A
6272 -XDQ & +HUEVW HW DO 3ROLFLWHPLD H HULWURFLWRVH HP DQLPDLV GRPpVWLFRV UHYLVmR GH
literatura. 5HYLVWD&LHQWtÀFD(OHWU{QLFDGH0HGLFLQD9HWHULQiULD, Ano VI. n. 11. Julho de 2008. 9DORUHVGH5HIHUrQFLD(ULWURJUDPD/HXFRJUDPDH3ODTXHWRJUDPDGHFDQLQRVIHOLQRVERYLQRVHTXLQRV
RYLQRVFDSULQRVHVXtQRVGHDFRUGRFRP6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\
STEDMAN, T. L. Stedman Dicionário MédicoHG5LRGH-DQHLUR*XDQDEDUD.RRJDQ
CANINO FELINO BOVINO EQUINO OVINO CAPRINO SUÍNO
672&.+$06/6&2770$Veterinary Clinical PathologyHG86$%ODFNZHOO3XEOLVKLQJ (ULWURJUDPD
2008. (ULWUyFLWRV[6) ² ² ² ² ² ² ²
+HPRJORELQDJGO ² ² ² ² ² ² ²

672&.+$06/6&2770$Fundamentos de patologia clínica veterinária. 2. ed. Rio de
Janeiro: Guanabara, 2011. 9* ² 24 - 45 24 - 46 32 - 53 27 - 45 22 - 38 ²
TAYLOR, Susan. M. Semiotécnica de Pequenos Animais.1.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2011. +*0SJ ² 13 - 17 11 - 17 10 - 20 8 - 12 ² ²
9*0Á ² 39 - 55 40 - 60 37 - 58 28 - 40 16 - 25 ²

7+5$//0$HWDOHematologia e bioquímica clínica veterinária. São Paulo: Roca, 2006.
&+*0 ² 31 - 35 30 - 36 31 - 36 31 - 34 30 - 36 ²
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6.000 - 5.500 - 4.000 - 5.400 - 4.000 - 4.000 - 11.000 -
17.000 19.500 12.000 14.500 12.000 13.000 12.000
Veterinária, Ano IX. n. 16. Janeiro de 2011.
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2.260 - 8.580
700 - 6.000 1.200 - 7.500
10.000
15 - 45 10 - 50 30 - 48
nos TrópicosYQS²5HFLIHMDQHLURDEULO ² 35 - 75 ²
4.500 -
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XAVIER, R. M. et al. Laboratório na prática clínicaHG3RUWR$OHJUH$UWPHG /LQIyFLWRV/
12 - 30 25 - 55 45 - 75
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150 - 1.250 0 - 1.500 0 - 2.400 0 - 1.000 50 - 650 50 - 2.000

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150 - 1.350 0 - 850 25 - 840 0 - 750 0 - 550 250 - 2.000

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200 - 400 50 - 300 300 - 700 100 - 400 100 - 500 100 - 400 ²
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Plaquetas (x103) 200 - 500 300 - 800 100 - 800 100 - 350 300 - 600 300 - 600 ²
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112 113
HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA produção de material didático
ANEXO B
9DORUHV GH 5HIHUrQFLD (ULWURJUDPD /HXFRJUDPD 3URWHtQD 7RWDO H 3ODTXHWDV GH SHL[HERL Trichechus
manatus manatus+DUYH\HWDO+HPDWRORJ\RIKHDOWK\)ORULGDPDQDWHHVTrichechus manatus).
Vet. Clin. Pathol. 38:2, p. 183-193).
PEIXE – BOI (Trichechus manatus manatus)
Eritrograma
(ULWUyFLWRV[ 2,17 - 3,39
+HPRJORELQDJGO 9,4 - 13,5
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9*0Á ²
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/HXFyFLWRV7RWDLV 2.770 - 13.500
%DVWRQHWHV/ ²
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/LQIyFLWRV/ 1.010 - 7.200
(RVLQyÀORV/ 0 - 1.230
0RQyFLWRV/ 80 - 1.700
%DVyÀORV/ ²
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Plaquetas (x103) ²
MALENA NORO SILVA orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO

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HEMATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA

Produção de Material Didático

MALENA NORO SILVA

MALENA NORO SILVA

Prof. Dr. Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro - UFRA

Prof. Dr. José Ricardo dos Santos Vieira - UFPA

­ $VVHVVRULD GH (GXFDomR D 'LVWkQFLD $('L H DR /DERUDWyULR GH 3HVTXLVD H

32 &RUS~VFXORGH/HQW]RXLQFOXV}HVGH/HQW]RXLQFOXV}HVGD&LQRPRVH 61 Avaliação da resposta leucocitária

32 Rouleaux eritrocitário ou hemácias em rouleaux 62 $OWHUDo}HVTXDQWLWDWLYDVGRVOHXFyFLWRV

40 &ODVVLÀFDomRFRPEDVHQRJUDXGHUHJHQHUDomRPHGXODU 64 Desvio à esquerda

43 $QHPLDVKHPRUUiJLFDV 65 Desvio à direita

44 Anemias hemolíticas 65 Neutropenia

48 Eritrocitose/ Policitemia 66 Linfopenia

59 %DVyÀORV 69 Cromatina sexual

MALENA NORO SILVA orientadora: MARIA VIVINA B. MONTEIRO

ÓRGÃO OU TECIDO FUNÇÕES

+HPDWRSRLHVH SDODYUD GHULYDGD GR JUHJR +DLPD VDQJXH 3RLHVLV FULDomR

1DPHGXODyVVHDRSUHFXUVRUPDLVLPDWXURGDVpULHYHUPHOKDpRUXEULEODVWR FpOXODJUDQGHFLWRSODVPD 3.1 Tempo de vida das hemácias/Hemólise

2V UHWLFXOyFLWRV H SROLFURPDWyÀORV VmR R PHVPR WLSR FHOXODU SRUpP UHFHEHP

2V UHWLFXOyFLWRVSROLFURPDWyÀORV VmR RV ~OWLPRV HVWiJLRV LPDWXURV DQWHV GD

Esfregaço sanguíneo ou extensão sanguínea:

3.3 Tamanho das hemácias

A concentração desta proteína é obtida pelo método espectrofotométrico da

Células-alvo ou leptócitos²3RGHPVHUFKDPDGDVWDPEpPGHFRGyFLWRVHDSUHVHQWDPXPDiUHDFHQWUDO HPHVIUHJDoRVVDQJXtQHRVFRUDGRVFRPFRUDQWHVVXSUDYLWDLVFRPRRD]XOGH0HWLOHQR

Deseritropoiese: Termo técnico utilizado para denominar uma desordem na

Síndrome mielodisplásica: &RPS}HP XP JUXSR GH GRHQoDV KHPDWROyJLFDV

Figura 7a. $OWHUDo}HVPRUIROyJLFDVGRVHULWUyFLWRV&RORUDomRSDQyWLFRUiSLGRA.$FDQWyFLWRVH(TXLQyFL-

$SDODYUDDQHPLDGHULYDGRJUHJR DQDXVrQFLDKDHPLDVDQJXH VHQGRSRUWDQWR´DXVrQFLDGHVDQJXHµ

Contagem Global de Hemácias (CGH): Exame que determina a quantidade de

$DQHPLDSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGDFRPRYHUGDGHLUD DEVROXWD RXIDOVD UHODWLYD 1DDQHPLDIDOVD UHODWLYD $OJXQVIDWRUHVGHYHPVHUOHYDGRVHPFRQVLGHUDomRGXUDQWHDDYDOLDomRGRKHPRJUDPDGRDQLPDOSRLV

$ FRQWUDomR HVSOrQLFD SRGH UHVXOWDU HP DXPHQWR GD PDVVD HULWUyLGH H

0RQRFtWLFD HGHSRLVDSHQDVHP8)&0LHORFtWLFD *UDQXORFtWLFD 3RUHVWtPXORVHVSHFtÀFRVVmRSURGX]LGRV

1DJUDQXORFLWRSRLHVHVmRSURGX]LGRVRVQHXWUyÀORVHRVLQyÀORVHEDVyÀORV1DSURGXomRGRVJUDQXOyFLWRV Figura 12 )DWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVHGHSUHVVRUHVGDJUDQXORSRLHVH)DWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVUHSUHVHQWDGRV

2VPRQyFLWRVVHRULJLQDPGHXPD´6WHP&HOOµPLHOyLGHTXHVHGLYLGHHP8)&*UDQXORFtWLFD0RQRFtWLFD 6.1 Descrição e funções dos Leucócitos do sangue periférico

Figura 16 /LQIyFLWRVLGHQWLÀFDGRVSHODVVHWDV FRUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGR A. 3UHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVHP

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&RQWDJHP*OREDOGH/HXFyFLWRV &*/ ([DPHTXHGHWHUPLQDDTXDQWLGDGH

Contagem Diferencial de leucócitos: também denominada de leucometria

6.3 Alterações quantitativas dos leucócitos

Desvio à esquerda degenerativo SURPRYHQGRDPDUJLQDomRRXVHTXHVWURGHHRVLQyÀORVQRVWHFLGRVDOpPGHLQLELomRGDOLEHUDomRGHVVDV

SRGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVQDGRHQoDPLHORSUROLIHUDWLYDFU{QLFD OHXFHPLDPLHORLGHFU{QLFDHWURPERFLWHPLD 6.4 Alterações morfológicas nos leucócitos

Figura 21 Trombocitopoiese. A célula tronco (“Stem Cell”) se diferencia em precursor mieloide

Tema: Coleta de amostras de sangue

Recomendações técnicas para coleta de sangue Figura 23 7XERVYDFXQWDLQHUVFRPGLIHUHQWHVVXEVWkQFLDVDQWLFRDJXODQWHVLGHQWLÀFDGDVSRUFRUHVGH

8.2 Roteiro de aula prática de esfregaço sanguíneo 3LQJDUXPDJRWDGHVDQJXHQDH[WUHPLGDGHGHXPDOkPLQDOLPSDFRPDDMXGDGHXPWXERFDS-

Objetivos Figura 25 (WDSDVGDFRQIHFomRGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR

8.3 Roteiro de aula prática de Hemograma completo

Tema: Técnicas hematológicas - Hemograma completo

Leucograma Valor obtido Valor de Interpretação

CONTAGEM DIFERENCIAL DE LEUCÓCITOS (CDL)

Valores obtidos Valor de referência Interpretação

METODOLOGIA MANUAL PARA CONTAGEM GLOBAL DE LEUCÓCITOS

Componentes (Diluição do sangue 1:20)

Em caso de leucocitose, a diluição será:

METODOLOGIA MANUAL PARA CONTAGEM GLOBAL DE HEMÁCIAS

Componentes (Diluição do sangue 1:200)

OBS: 3DUDFRQWDJHPGHKHPiFLDVGHRYLQRVHFDSULQRVXWLOL]DVHDVHJXLQWHGLOXLomR Figura 29 +HPRFLWRPHWULDeRPpWRGRSDUDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVTXHFRQVLVWHHP

DESCREVENDO AS CÉLULAS SANGUÍNEAS PESQUISE E RESPONDA

b) VPM (volume plaquetário médio)

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2V UHWLFXOyFLWRV H SROLFURPDWyÀORV VmR R PHVPR WLSR FHOXODU SRUpP UHFHEHP

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$SDODYUDDQHPLDGHULYDGRJUHJRDQDXVrQFLDKDHPLDVDQJXHVHQGRSRUWDQWR´DXVrQFLDGHVDQJXHµ

$DQHPLDSRGHVHUFODVVLÀFDGDFRPRYHUGDGHLUDDEVROXWDRXIDOVDUHODWLYD1DDQHPLDIDOVDUHODWLYD $OJXQVIDWRUHVGHYHPVHUOHYDGRVHPFRQVLGHUDomRGXUDQWHDDYDOLDomRGRKHPRJUDPDGRDQLPDOSRLV

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1DJUDQXORFLWRSRLHVHVmRSURGX]LGRVRVQHXWUyÀORVHRVLQyÀORVHEDVyÀORV1DSURGXomRGRVJUDQXOyFLWRV Figura 12 )DWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVHGHSUHVVRUHVGDJUDQXORSRLHVH)DWRUHVHVWLPXODQWHVUHSUHVHQWDGRV

2VPRQyFLWRVVHRULJLQDPGHXPD´6WHP&HOOµPLHOyLGHTXHVHGLYLGHHP8)&*UDQXORFtWLFD0RQRFtWLFD 6.1 Descrição e funções dos Leucócitos do sangue periférico

Figura 16 /LQIyFLWRVLGHQWLÀFDGRVSHODVVHWDVFRUDQWH3DQyWLFRUiSLGRA. 3UHVHQoDGHOLQIyFLWRVHP

Leucograma: 3DUWH GR KHPRJUDPD XWLOL]DGD SDUD DYDOLDU D VpULH EUDQFD

&RQWDJHPOREDOGH/HXFyFLWRV&/([DPHTXHGHWHUPLQDDTXDQWLGDGH

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SRGHPVHUREVHUYDGRVQDGRHQoDPLHORSUROLIHUDWLYDFU{QLFDOHXFHPLDPLHORLGHFU{QLFDHWURPERFLWHPLD 6.4 Alterações morfológicas nos leucócitos

Objetivos Figura 25 (WDSDVGDFRQIHFomRGRHVIUHJDoRVDQJXtQHR

OBS: 3DUDFRQWDJHPGHKHPiFLDVGHRYLQRVHFDSULQRVXWLOL]DVHDVHJXLQWHGLOXLomR Figura 29 +HPRFLWRPHWULDeRPpWRGRSDUDFRQWDJHPJOREDOGDVFpOXODVVDQJXtQHDVTXHFRQVLVWHHP

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Parâmetros Resultados Valores de Referência Parâmetros Resultados Valores de Referência

6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\ 6FKDOP·V9HWHULQDU\+HPDWRORJ\

OBS: Anisocitose (+), Macroplaquetas (+). INTERPRETAÇÃO DO HEMOGRAMA:)DoDDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRHULWURJUDPDOHXFRJUDPDHSODTXHWRJUDPD

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