Adjetivos Comparativos e Superlativos (Comparative and Superlative Adjectives)

Em ingls os adjetivos podem ser classificados em: 1. Gradveis: 1.1. Nessa classe so includos a maioria dos adjetivos. So aqueles adjetivos que permitem gradaes, ou seja, permitem seu uso com modificadores ou intensificadores (advrbios ou em alguns casos verbos) enfraquecendo, limitando ou intensificando o sentido ou significado do adjetivo. Alguns exemplos de intensificadores ou modificadores so: very, too, much, really, extremely, enough. Exemplos: Space is big , but not big enough. 1.2. Alm disso os adjetivos dessa classe podem formar comparativos e superlativos. Exemplos: big - bigger - biggest; nice - nicer - nicest; 2. No Gradveis: 2.1. Representam uma pequena classe de adjetivos. So adjetivos que no permitem o uso com modificadores ou intensificadores e 2.2. Tambm no podem formar comparativos e superlativos. Exemplos desses adjetivos: medical, daily, perfect, pregnant, married, dead, unique, etc A "robot" which is being dubbed "the perfect woman" goes on sale on Wednesday. The Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology. Em alguns casos podemos encontrar esses adjetivos com modificadores quando queremos nfase ou em situaes de humor. Exemplos: He is a little bit dead. In case you weren't sure, Salma Hayek is really, really pregnant.
1. Formao dos Adjetivos Comparativos e Superlativos

1.1. Adjetivos Curtos (Shorter adjectives) 1.1.1. Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de uma slaba adicionamos -er para a forma comparativa e -est para a forma superlativa.Vamos a alguns exemplos:
Adjective Comparative -ER Superlative -EST One Syllable cold colder coldest old older oldest fast faster fastest small smaller smallest weak weaker weakest

1.1.2. Existem adjetivos de uma slaba que terminam com uma nica consoante aps uma nica vogal. Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dobramos a consoante final. Exemplos:

Adjective Comparative -ER Superlative -EST One Syllable sad sadder saddest thin thinner thinnest wet wetter wettest big bigger biggest flat flatter flattest

1.1.3. Quando temos adjetivos de uma ou mais de duas slabas que terminam com a vogal -y precedida por uma consoante formaremos os comparativos e superlativos trocando a consoante final y por i. Exemplos:
Adjective Comparative -ER Superlative -EST More Syllable spicy spicier spiciest busy busier busiest icy icier iciest slippery slipperier slipperiest dirty dirtier dirtiest

1.1.4. importante observar que alguns dos adjetivos mais comuns em ingls tem formas irregulares de comparativos e superlativos.
Adjective Comparative Superlative bad worse worst good better best further furthest far farther farthest older oldest old elder eldest

bad - worse - worst: o Yesterday was his worst day of year. o Its the worst summer I can remember. o This was my first and worse experience riding a bus. o The weather got worse during the day. good - better - best: o In this situation, he had a better chance of winning in 18 holes. o It is just that the better cheese is pricy. o The best player this season would be the one who added the most points. o Bali wins best exotic destination award from English magazine far - further* - furthest ou menos comum far - farther* - farthest: o The supermarket is farther down the road than I thought o The shop is closed until further notice. o He had traveled to the farthest frontier. o Bali wins furthest exotic destination award from English magazine old - older - oldest so as formas regulares, mas elder - eldest tambm so usados para comparar idades de uma pessoa, especialmente de membros de uma famlia. Eles no podem ser usados com than. E como adjetivos s podem ser usados antes do substantivo (noun): o This website for older adults was developed by the National Institute on Aging.

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The following tables list only the oldest verified people in ordinal rank, such as oldest person or oldest man. She is the elder of my two sisters. Jack is the eldest of three.

*O uso de farther e further frequentemente causa confuso sobre quando se deve usar um ou outro. Uma regra recente estabelece que farther deve ser usado para distncias fsicas e further para avano ou progresso no fsico ou metafrico. Em muitos casos, porm difcil estabelecer a diferena. 1.2. Adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas (Longer adjectives) 1.2.1. Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas (longer adjectives) adicionamos os quantificadores more e less para as formas comparativas e most e least para os adjetivos superlativos. Vamos a alguns exemplos:
Adjective Comparative Superlative More Syllables MORE or LESS MOST or LEAST more delicious most delicious delicious less delicious least delicious more arrogant most arrogant arrogant less arrogant least arrogant more tense most tense tense less tense least tense more cooperative most cooperative cooperative less cooperative least cooperative more perfect most perfect perfect less perfect least perfect

Less Less pode ser usado com adjetivos de uma slaba, mas More, Most e Least normalmente no so usados dessa forma.

If it makes you less sad, I'll tell you how I feel. Becoming less nice has made me a nicer person.

More More pode algumas poucas vezes ser usado com adjetivos de uma slaba (shorter adjectives).

Our government will continue to remove barriers and implement new ideas as we move vigourously to seek and encourage more clean, green energy in Ontario. It is going to be a little more wet than white, said Matthew Belk, meteorologist for the National Weather Service.

1.2.2. Adjetivos de duas slabas com -er e -est ou more-less e most-least Alguns adjetivos de duas slabas podem formar comparativos e superlativos tanto com -er e -est como com more-less e most-least.

Vamos ver alguns exemplos:

Adjective Comparative Superlative Two Syllables ER or MORE or LESS EST or MOST or LEAST quieter quietest quiet more quiet most quiet less quiet least quiet happier happiest happy more happy most happy less happy least happy pleasanter pleasantest pleasant more pleasant most pleasant less pleasant least pleasant simpler simplest simple more simple most simple less simple least simple narrower narrowest narrow more narrow most narrow less narrow least narrow

Mais alguns exemplos:

cleverer - more clever - less clever clevest - most clever - least clever o Blonde women make men less clever. o New research has suggested that having a big brain does not necessarily make you more clever. o My cat is cleverer than my dog. o That is true, there is more messing around, but sometimes mixed ability classes, do actually help the clevest and the not so clevest pupils. handsomerer - more handsome - less handsome handsomest - most handsome - least handsome o Youre handsomer than he is, Daddy! o In my daughters eyes, there never seems to be anyone stronger, sweeter, or more handsome than her Daddy. o Presenting to you, the five most handsome men in the world. o The surgeons were less handsome than the actors.

Os antnimos destes adjetivos formados com prefixos -un (unhappy, unpleasant, unquiet, uncommon, etc.) tambm podem formar comparativos com -er ou more-less e superlativos com -est ou most-least. Exemplos:

unhappy o unhappier - more unhappy - less unhappy o unhappiest - most unhappy - least unhappy o Indonesian employees are the least unhappy in the world. o There cannot live an unhappier creature than an ill-natured old man, who is neither capable of receiving pleasures, nor sensible of conferring them on others. o The study found that African American Muslims more unhappy with America.

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Britains children are the unhappiest in the West, according to a Unicef study of 21 industrialised countries. We're most unhappy in mid-life because, it turns out, we focus on the wrong things. My life has been less unhappy lately, believe it or not.

1.2.3. Devem sempre formar comparativos com more - less e superlativos com most - least:

Os outros adjetivos de duas slabas no citados no tem anterior (item 2.2). Exemplos: o comparativo: careful - more careful - less careful o superlativo: careful - most careful - least careful o Are women drivers more careful than men? o Somehow weve managed to become the most careful people in the world. Adjetivos de mais de duas slabas. Exemplos: o comparativo: dangerous - more dangerous - less dangerous o superlativo: dangerous - most dangerous - least dangerous o Britain is now more dangerous than the Balkans. o The hippo is considered by many experts, explorers and Africans to be the most dangerous animal in Africa. A maioria dos adjetivos compostos de mais de duas slabas. Exemplos: o comparativo: kindhearted - more kindhearted - less kindhearted o superlativo: kindhearted - most kindhearted - least kindhearted o I dont believe that people today are less kindhearted than in earlier times. o She is, indeed, one of the most kindhearted and thankful persons imaginable. Adjetivos particpio passado. Exemplos: o comparativo: depressed - more depressed -less depressed o superlativo: depressed - most depressed - least depressed o Depressed people who focused externally became less depressed than depressed people who focused on themselves. o South Dakota is the least depressed state in the nation, followed by Hawaii and New Jersey, according a recent report released by Mental Health America. Utah, West Virginia and Kentucky were found to be the most depressed states. Adjetivos particpio presente. Exemplos: o comparativo: depressing - more depressing - less depressing o superlativo: depressing - most depressing - least depressing o Since Bergman had retired, it's a little less depressing than when Altman died.

The study point out the most depressing jobs but also the least depressing ones, which fell into the category for architects, engineers, and surveyors.

1.2.4. Adjetivos compostos formados com good, well e bad formam comparativos e superlativos da forma como segue:
Comparative better tempered or good-tempered more good-tempered better-dressed or well-dressed more well-dressed worse-looking or bad-looking more bad-looking Adjective Superlative best tempered best-dressed worst-looking

Vejamos alguns exemplos:

good-tempered: o It has been found out that women are a little better tempered than men. o You may be feline, you are rather good-tempered and anyway you appear to be much more good-tempered than the average feline - still like being praised? o If the best tempered animals are not chosen, you will likely have temperament issues. well-dressed: o I must admit, they were better dressed than the women in those days. o My kids are more well-dressed than most and are more wellmannered than many kids their age. o Mr. Moore told The Hill Times that he will "take it as a compliment," but he seemed more interested in whether he made the best-dressed or worst-dressed categories. bad-looking: o Are you better or worse looking than your avatar? o Every moment he seemed to get more and more bad looking than he already was. o This is the worst looking hat I ever saw.

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