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 Catalogue of
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Brazilian Porifera
GUILHERME MURICY s DANIELA A. LOPES s EDUARDO HAJDU
MARIANA DE S. CARVALHO s FERNANDO C. MORAES
MICHELLE KLAUTAU s CARLA MENEGOLA s ULISSES PINHEIRO

1
 CATALOGUE OF
BRAZILIAN PORIFERA

MUSEU NACIONAL
SÉRIE LIVROS 46
 CATALOGUE OF
BRAZILIAN PORIFERA
GUILHERME MURICY*, DANIELA A. LOPES, EDUARDO HAJDU,
MARIANA DE S. CARVALHO, FERNANDO C. MORAES
Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

MICHELLE KLAUTAU
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

CARLA MENEGOLA
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia,
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.

ULISSES PINHEIRO
Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas,
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.

* Author for correspondence. E-mail address: muricy@mn.ufrj.br

This catalogue is dedicated to Dr. Solange Peixinho (in memoriam).

Rio de Janeiro
Museu Nacional
2011
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Reitor – Aloísio Teixeira

Museu Nacional
Diretora – Cláudia Rodrigues Ferreira de Carvalho

Comissão de Publicações do Museu Nacional

Editores – Miguel Angel Monné Barrios e Ulisses Caramaschi.
Editores de Área – Adriano Brilhante Kury, Ciro Alexandre Ávila, Claudia Petean Bove, Débora de Oliveira Pires,
Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy, Izabel Cristina Alves Dias, João Alves de Oliveira, João Wagner de Alencar,
Castro, Marcela Laura Monné Freire, Marcelo de Araújo Carvalho, Marcos Raposo, Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar
de Oliveira, Marília Lopes da Costa Facó Soares, Rita Scheel Ybert e Vânia Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves.

Normalização – Edson Vargas da Silva e Leandra Pereira de Oliveira.

Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

© 2011 Guilherme Muricy, Daniela Lopes, Eduardo Hajdu, Mariana S. Carvalho, Fernando C. Moraes, Michelle
Klautau, Carla Menegola & Ulisses Pinheiro.

Capa – Algumas esponjas marinhas do Brasil. Fotografias: Guilherme Muricy.

Contracapa – Heteromeyenia cristalina, uma esponja de água doce. Fotografia: Ulisses Pinheiro.

Design e Diagramação – Beatriz Reis Custódio.

Revisão – Márcio Reis Custódio.
Fotografias – Guilherme Muricy.
Impressão e tiragem – Walprint, 1000 exemplares para distribuição gratuita.

Projeto – Desenvolvimento da Taxonomia de Esponjas Marinhas (Porifera) do Brasil (Petrobras-ANP SAP

4600177470)
Coordenador – Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy
Universidades participantes – UFRJ, UFPE e UFBA

Ficha Catalográfica

C357 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera / Guilherme Muricy ... [et al.]. – Rio de
Janeiro : Museu Nacional, 2011.
300 p. : il. (algumas color.), mapas ; 28 cm. – (Série Livros ; 46)

Bibliografia: p. 253-300.
ISBN 978-85-7427-042-5

1. Esponjas – Brasil – Catálogos. I. Muricy, Guilherme, 1964-. II.

Museu Nacional (Brasil). III. Série.

CDD 593.40981

ABSTRACT .............................................................. 7
PREFACE ................................................................. 9
I – INTRODUCTORY SECTION ...........................
1. Introduction ...................................................
2. Taxonomical history of the Brazilian
sponges ..........................................................
3. Composition of the Brazilian sponge
fauna ...............................................................
4. Structure of the catalogue ..........................
5. Locality names ..............................................
6. Depositories ..................................................
7. Other abbreviations used ............................
8. Acknowledgements .....................................
II – TAXONOMIC LIST ........................................... 25
PHYLUM PORIFERA .......................................... 25
Class Calcarea ................................................ 25
Subclass Calcaronea ................................... 25
Order Leucosolenida ...................................... 25
Amphoriscidae ................................................
Grantiidae .......................................................
Heteropiidae....................................................
Leucosoleniidae...............................................
Sycettidae .........................................................
Subclass Calcinea .....................................
Order Clathrinida............................................
Clathrinidae .....................................................
Leucaltidae .......................................................
Leucascidae......................................................
Leucettidae ......................................................
Class Demospongiae ......................................
Order Agelasida ...............................................
Agelasidae ........................................................
Order Astrophorida.........................................
Ancorinidae .....................................................
Geodiidae ........................................................
Pachastrellidae.................................................
Thrombidae.....................................................
Order Chondrosida .........................................
Chondrillidae ..................................................
Order Dendroceratida ....................................
SUMMARY
Darwinellidae .................................................. 54
Dictyodendrillidae .......................................... 55
Order Dictyoceratida ...................................... 56
11 Dysideidae ....................................................... 56
11 Irciniidae ......................................................... 58
Spongiidae ....................................................... 60
11 Thorectidae ..................................................... 62
Order Hadromerida ........................................ 64
17 Alectonidae...................................................... 64
17 Clionaidae ....................................................... 64
19 Placospongiidae .............................................. 67
19 Polymastiidae .................................................. 69
22 Spirastrellidae ................................................. 70
23 Stylocordylidae................................................ 71
Suberitidae ...................................................... 71
PLATES ..................................................................... 73
Tethyidae ......................................................... 86
Timeidae .......................................................... 88
Order Halichondrida ...................................... 88
Axinellidae....................................................... 88
25 Dictyonellidae ................................................. 91
27 Halichondriidae .............................................. 92
29 Heteroxyidae ................................................... 96
30 Order Haplosclerida ........................................ 97
31 Suborder Haplosclerina .................................. 97
32 Callyspongiidae ............................................... 97
32 Chalinidae ...................................................... 100
32 Niphatidae ...................................................... 102
35 Suborder Petrosina ......................................... 106
35 Petrosiidae ...................................................... 106
36 Phloeodictyidae ............................................. 108
37 Suborder Spongillina ..................................... 110
37 Metaniidae...................................................... 110
37 Potamolepidae ............................................... 118
40 Spongillidae.................................................... 123
40 Spongillina incertae sedis ............................... 140
44 Order Homosclerophorida ............................ 140
50 Plakinidae ....................................................... 140
52 ‘Order’ Lithistida............................................ 142
52 Azoricidae....................................................... 142
52 Corallistidae .................................................. 142
54 Desmanthidae ................................................ 143
5
 Siphonidiidae ................................................. 143
Theonellidae................................................... 144
Order Poecilosclerida ..................................... 144
Suborder Latrunculina................................... 144
Latrunculiidae ................................................ 144
Suborder Microcionina .................................. 145
Acarnidae ....................................................... 145
Microcionidae ................................................ 146
Microcioninae ................................................ 146
Raspailiidae .................................................... 148
Cyamoninae ................................................... 148
Echinodictinae ................................................148
Raspailiinae .................................................... 149
Trinacophorinae............................................. 150
Rhabderemiidae ............................................. 150
Suborder Mycalina ......................................... 151
Desmacellidae ................................................ 151
Esperiopsidae ................................................. 152
Guitarridae ..................................................... 153
Hamacanthidae .............................................. 153
Isodictyidae .................................................... 153
Mycalidae ....................................................... 153
Suborder Myxillina ........................................ 159
Chondropsidae............................................... 159
Coelosphaeridae............................................. 159
Crambeidae .................................................... 161
Crellidae ......................................................... 162
Desmacididae ................................................. 162
Hymedesmiidae ............................................. 163
Iotrochotidae.................................................. 163
Myxillidae ....................................................... 164
Tedaniidae ...................................................... 165
Order Spirophorida........................................ 167
Tetillidae ......................................................... 167
Samidae .......................................................... 171
6
Order Verongida ............................................. 171
Aplysinidae ..................................................... 171
Class Hexactinellida ....................................... 178
Subclass Amphidiscophora ..................... 178
Order Amphidiscosida ................................... 178
Hyalonematidae ............................................. 178
Pheronematidae ............................................. 179
Subclass Hexasterophora ............................ 179
Order Hexactinosida ...................................... 179
Aphrocallistidae ............................................. 179
Dactylocalycidae ............................................ 180
Euretidae ........................................................ 181
Euretinae ........................................................ 181
Chonelasmatinae ........................................... 181
Farreidae ......................................................... 181
Order Lychniscosida....................................... 182
Becksiidae ....................................................... 182
Order Lyssacinosida ....................................... 182
Euplectellidae ................................................. 182
Bolosominae .................................................. 182
Euplectellinae ................................................. 182
Rossellidae ...................................................... 182
Lanuginellinae................................................ 182
III – RECORDS IDENTIFIED ONLY
TO GENUS LEVEL OR HIGHER ................ 184
IV – LIST OF NOMENCLATORIAL ACTS ......... 201
V – SPECIES NAMES PREVIOUSLY
REPORTED FROM BRAZIL BUT NO
LONGER ACCEPTED AS VALID
RECORDS .................................................... 205
VI – LIST OF SPECIES BY LOCALITY ............. 217
VII – TAXONOMIC INDEX .................................. 233
VIII – REFERENCES ........................................... 253
 ABSTRACT

All the literature (486 references) of the Phylum Porifera of Brazil up to year 2010 is tabulated to generate a
thorough annotated classification. A total of 3770 records of 443 identified species of Brazilian sponges are listed.
Demospongiae is the most diverse Class, with 380 species in 63 families, followed by Calcarea (47 species in 9
families) and Hexactinellida (16 species in 9 families). The Class Demospongiae includes 327 marine and 53
freshwater sponges.
The most diverse families in Brazil are Spongillidae with 28 species (freshwater sponges), Geodiidae (20),
Ancorinidae (19) and Aplysinidae (17 species), all from the class Demospongiae. In addition, 340 morphospecies
were identified only to genus level or higher, showing that the true sponge diversity in Brazil probably exceeds 700
species. Synonymizations, revalidations, replacement names and emended spellings are proposed when necessary.
The complete list of nomenclatural acts herein proposed and a list of names once reported from Brazil but no
longer considered as valid records are given. A list of species by administrative divisions is provided for all localities
treated. The localities with the highest number of species recorded were Salvador with 72 species, Recife with 68,
Potiguar Basin (65), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (59), São Sebastião (55) and Arraial do Cabo (52 species).
These numbers, however, should be interpreted carefully as they reflect not only the real number of sponge species
but also the collection effort and the stage of development of the taxonomy of sponges in each area. Overall, this
catalogue shows that the sponge fauna of Brazil is highly diverse and still largely unknown.

Key words:
Porifera, Demospongiae, Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Neotropics, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic, marine, freshwater,
new synonyms, new records.

7
 PREFACE

The Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera is the result of a fantastic effort made in the last 20 years to inventory and
describe the sponge fauna of Brazil. It is the state of the art for the known sponge fauna up to 2010. The first
species list of Brazilian sponges included 82 species (Mello-Leitão et al., 1961); the sponge fauna of Brazil currently
totals 443 species: 380 species of Demospongiae, 47 species of Calcispongia and 16 species of Hexactinellida. This
Catalogue provides an annotated classification of Brazilian sponges with their currently accepted names and
distributions. 486 references have been precisely checked and systematic misinterpretations, errors in coordinates,
locality names, depth, and species names corrected. When necessary, type materials were revised, what has
necessitated visits and contacts with about 30 national and foreign museums.
This work was possible thanks to the collaboration of eight authors belonging to the Federal Universities
of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Pernambuco states. Since the 90’s the number of researchers working in sponge
systematics has increased considerably in Brazil. They were four in the 80’s, 12 in the 90’s and about 20 in 2011.
They are currently the most important group of sponge taxonomists of the world. After the Rio Earth Summit
in 1992 and the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1994) the Brazilian government began
to recruit well-trained taxonomists in the universities and developed biodiversity programs, among which the
Project REVIZEE. This program aimed at listing and mapping the biological resources of the Brazilian Exclusive
Economic Zone. Extensive collections along the Brazilian coast resulted in a large number of new species and new
records of sponges.
A well-done faunal inventory is the basis necessary for all further research from genetics, phylogeny and
ecology to chemistry of natural products. This catalog fulfills perfectly this target and is an impressive source of
knowledge about the Brazilian sponge fauna.

Nicole Boury-Esnault
Station Marine d’Endoume
Marseille
France

9
 I. INTRODUCTORY SECTION
1. Introduction
The phylum Porifera includes approximately 8350
valid species known worldwide (van Soest et al., 2011).
Of these, 443 species have been identified in Brazil.
Brazilian sponges thus comprise approximately 5.3%
of the diversity of Porifera, but they still are in a poor
state of knowledge. Besides outdated surveys such as
those of Mello-Leitão (1961), who listed all sponge
groups, and Hechtel (1976), who listed exclusively the
marine Demospongiae, there are few recent but partial
compilations, such as those of Moraes et al. (2006) for
species of oceanic islands, Azevedo & Klautau (2007)
for calcareous sponges, and Hajdu & Lopes (2007)
for deep-water species. In the last 30 years many new
records and new species have been described from
Brazil, and there have been important changes in the
composition of supra-generic groups. Synonyms are
abundant and often hidden within the systematic
literature; their misinterpretation is a major source of
confusion in the systematics of Brazilian sponges. In
this catalogue the existing and proposed synonyms are
detailed and a list of names once reported from Brazil
but currently not considered valid is presented. This
should help the reader to find out what happened to
old names that “disappear” from the recent literature
and to avoid repetition of the same species under
different names in checklists or other studies.
The main goals of this catalogue are to tabulate
all the literature of the Phylum Porifera of Brazil up
to year 2010 and to generate a thorough annotated
classification of Brazilian sponges with their currently
accepted names and distributions. It provides a guide
to the specialized literature and synonyms. Eventual
mistakes in the literature (species and localities names,
coordinates, depth, systematic misinterpretations,
etc.) were corrected. Our results show the species
with taxonomic problems that should be revised, as
well as the areas underexplored. This catalogue will
be also useful as a basis for diversity estimation and
biogeographic studies.
All taxons are arranged in alphabetical order.
Taxon diagnoses are not given; the reader can find
them in the Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest,
2002a) or in more recent revisions. Species identified
only to supraspecific levels or as “sp.”, “aff.”, or “cf.” were
tabulated in a separate list, by alphabetical order and
with less information than the main list. Additionally,
we provide a list of species by locality and a list of
nomenclatorial acts here proposed.
2. Taxonomical history of the
Brazilian sponges
The date of the first study on Brazilian sponges is
uncertain. In 1766, Pallas described Spongia cavernosa
(now Hyattella cavernosa), Spongia fulva (now Aplysina
fulva) and Spongia fistularis (now Aplysina fistularis)
from “Mare Americanum” (American Sea). This is
usually interpreted as corresponding to the Tropical
Western Atlantic, but the country and locality are
unknown. Pinheiro et al. (2007) designated a neotype
for Aplysina fulva from SE Brazil and for Aplysina
fistularis from Puerto Rico. Here we follow Pinheiro
et al. (2007) and assumed that the collection site of
Spongia fulva could have been in Brazil. Later on,
Lamarck (1814) described Spongia carbonaria (now
Neopetrosia carbonaria), also from “Mare Americanum”,
maintaining the uncertainty on the beginning of the
study of sponges of Brazil.
Only in 1863, in his monograph of freshwater
sponges, Bowerbank described seven species
unequivocally collected in Brazil, all from the Amazon
region. Seven other studies with one or a few species
from Brazil were published from 1860-1880 (e. g.,
Schultze, 1865; Müller, 1865; Hyatt, 1877; Selenka,
1879). The first major input of knowledge on Brazilian
sponges came in the 1880’s, with the results of the
H.M.S. Challenger expedition (Poléjaeff, 1883, 1884;
Schulze, 1885, 1887a; Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887;
Sollas, 1886a, 1888). These reports added 40 species to
the list of known sponges in Brazil.
From 1890 to 1960 relatively few studies were
published by different authors (average 2.6 articles per
decade), mostly on freshwater sponges (e.g., Cordero,
1923, 1924, 1928; Arndt, 1930; Carvalho, 1942;
Machado, 1947a,b) but also reporting a few marine
sponges (e.g., Carter, 1890; Schulze, 1899; Burton, 1940,
1954). In 1956, de Laubenfels reported 13 species of
marine sponges from Brazil. In 1961, Mello-Leitão and
collaborators made the first compilation of Brazilian
sponges, including 82 species from all three classes and
both marine and freshwater demosponges.
The number of studies on Brazilian sponges
began to increase in the 1960’s, when Volkmer-Ribeiro
11
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
started her studies on Brazilian sponges (Fig. 1). She
published since then more than 130 studies including
articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings
from 1963 to 2010, representing a major contribution
to the knowledge of Brazilian sponges, especially of
freshwater. From 1960 to 1969, a total of 10 studies
were published on Brazilian sponges (e.g., Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961; Volkmer, 1963a, b; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1969; Fig. 1).
In the 1970’s there was an increase in the number
of articles (34) and of authors publishing on Brazilian
sponges. The studies of Borojevic (1971) and Borojevic
& Peixinho (1976) on calcareous sponges, Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1972, 1974, 1978), de
Rosa-Barbosa (1979) and Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago
(1973) on freshwater sponges, and those of Johnson
(1971), Collette & Rützler (1977), Mello-Leitão &
Pacheco-Coelho (1978), Maggs et al. (1979) and
especially of Mothes de Moraes (e.g., Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Mothes de Moraes, 1975; Mothes de Moraes, 1977,
1978) on marine Demospongiae greatly increased the
taxonomic knowledge of Brazilian sponges. However,
these studies were limited to relatively few taxonomic
groups or geographic areas. The main contribution to
the taxonomy of Brazilian Porifera in this decade was
the description of 60 species of marine demosponges
collected by the Calypso expedition all along the
Eastern Brazilian coast, from Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago to Rio Grande do Sul State (Boury-
Esnault, 1973).
The 1970’s also witnessed an increase in the
number of research approaches, which were until
then limited to taxonomy and faunistics. The first
studies on the ecology of sponges in Brazil were those
of Boffi (1972) reporting ophiuroids associated to
marine sponges and of Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa (1972, 1974) on sponge-sponge and mollusk-
freshwater sponge associations. The first studies on
sponge chemistry and evolution were published by the
end of the decade (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979). In the first zoogeographical
analysis of Brazilian sponges, Hechtel (1976) listed 156
marine demosponges occurring in Brazil.
The trend of increase in authors and areas of
knowledge of studies on Brazilian sponges persisted
and gained impulse in the 1980’s (30 articles). The
main contributions to the taxonomy were those of Solé-
Cava et al. (1981), Hechtel (1983), Volkmer-Ribeiro
(1984, 1986), Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (1981, 1983, 1984,
1988) and Mothes de Moraes (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985a,
b, 1987). More ecological studies were published than
12
in the previous decades, focusing on fish predation
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981), associated fauna
(Duarte & Morgado, 1983), vertical distribution (Eston
et al., 1986) and pollution-biomonitoring (Muricy,
1989). The first pharmacological study of a Brazilian
sponge was published by the end of the decade (Atta
et al., 1989; Fig. 2).
In the 1990’s, there was a two-fold increase in the
number of studies published (from 30 to 72 articles; Fig.
1). The number of authors and of areas of knowledge
also increased. In this decade were published the first
studies on genetics using both allozyme electrophoresis
(Solé-Cava et al., 1991; Klautau et al., 1994a, 1999;
Lazoski et al., 1999) and DNA analysis (Lôbo-Hajdu
et al., 1999), cytology (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a),
biochemistry (Zierer et al., 1995), paleontology
(Sifeddine et al., 1994; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997),
phylogeny (Hajdu, 1995, 1999), biomass (Melão &
Rocha, 1996b), growth rates (Melão & Rocha, 1998),
chemical ecology (Epifanio et al., 1999), and larval
biology (Vacelet, 1999) of sponges from Brazil.
The exponential growth of the literature on
Brazilian Porifera continued from 2000 to 2009,
with 250 articles published. New areas of knowledge
studied included spiculogenesis (Custódio et al.,
2002), bioerosion (Reis & Leão, 2002), bioinvasion
(Ferreira et al., 2006), microbiology (Turque et al.,
2008; Hardoim et al., 2009; Marinho et al., 2009), DNA
sequencing (Cárdenas et al., 2009), and reproduction
(Lanna et al., 2007b). All areas previously studied had
a great increase in number of publications, especially
taxonomy, chemistry, pharmacology, and ecology. The
study of Porifera in Brazil during the first decade of the
XXI century was marked by the realization of the 7th
International Sponge Symposium (7th ISS) in Armação
dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro State, in May 2006. This
conference had 260 participants from 35 countries
and attracted a great interest from the Brazilian
scientific community, with 91 Brazilian participants
from 18 institutions presenting a total of 71 abstracts.
It is therefore not surprinsing that the year with the
highest number of publications in the history of
spongiology in Brazil so far was 2007 (59 articles),
when the proceedings of the 7th ISS were published
(Fig. 2; Custódio et al., 2007).
Another major accomplishment in the decade from
2000 to 2009 was the Project REVIZEE, a governmental
program aimed at listing and mapping the biological
resources of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone
(EEZ; e.g., Amaral et al., 2003; Amaral & Rossi-
Wongtschowski, 2004; Lavrado & Ignacio, 2006). The
 Introductory Section

Articles per Decade

250

200

150

Calypso
100
Challenger
Pallas (?)
50

0
1750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

Fig. 1. Evolution of the number of publications on Brazilian sponges per decade from 1750 to 2010. Challenger and
Calypso are the two most important early expeditions that increased significantly the number of known species in
Brazil. The question mark represents the uncertainty that remains about whether Pallas (1766) descriptions from
“Mare Americanum” were from Brazil or from elsewhere in the Western Atlantic (see text for explanation).

13
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Articles per Year

7th ISS

60
Chemical Ecology Bioinvasion Microbiology
Larvae
DNA
50
Growth Rates

40
Phylogeny Spiculogenesis
Biochemistry Bioerosion

30 Cell Biology
Palaeontology

Biogeography Genetics
20
Biomonitoring
Chemistry Community Structure
Ecology Pharmacology
10

0
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Fig. 2. Evolution of the number of publications on Brazilian sponges per year from 1970 to 2010, showing the
diversification of research approaches. Arrows point to the year of the first publication in each area of knowledge.
7th ISS indicates the publication of the proceedings of the Seventh International Sponge Symposium held in May
2006 at Armação dos Búzios (Custódio et al., 2007).

14
 Introductory Section

RR
AP

AM
PA
MA RN
CE

PI PB
AC
PE
RO TO AL
SE
BA
MT
DF
GO

MG
MS ES

SP
RJ

PR

SC

RS

NORTH REGION SOUTHEAST REGION NORTHEAST REGION

AM – Amazonas RJ – Rio de Janeiro MA – Maranhão
AC – Acre SP – São Paulo PI – Piauí
RR – Roraima ES – Espírito Santo CE – Ceará
AP – Amapá MG – Minas Gerais RN – Rio Grande do Norte
RO – Rondônia PB – Paraíba
PA – Pará PE – Pernambuco
TO – Tocantins AL – Alagoas
SE – Sergipe
MIDWEST REGION SOUTH REGION BA – Bahia
MT – Mato Grosso PR – Paraná
MS – Mato Grosso do Sul SC – Santa Catarina
GO – Goiás RS – Rio Grande do Sul

DF – Distrito Federal

Fig. 3. Political map of Brazil showing the five administrative regions (in different colors), and the 26 states and the
federal district with their acronyms.

15
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 4. Brazilian hydrographic basins. Source: Agência Nacional de Águas (http://www2.ana.gov.br).

16

REVIZEE Programme made extensive collections by
dredging and trawling all along the Brazilian coast
from 50 to 2000 m depth (mostly between 50–100 m
depth), resulting in a large number of new records of
sponges for Brazil (Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al.,
2004c, 2006a, 2007a; Muricy et al., 2006, 2007).
Finally, during the last decade the first identification
guides with underwater colour photographs and
written in Portuguese in a simple language, accessible
to non-specialists, were published (Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008).
Non-specialists, such as ecologists in faunistic surveys,
are already using these publications for sponge
identification (e.g., Rodrigues et al., 2007; Amaral
et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010). It is expected that the
publication of such guides will help to increase still
further the number of biological studies on Brazilian
Porifera made by different authors.
Several important authors, including Bowerbank
(1863), Ridley & Dendy (1886), Sollas (1886),
Poléjaeff (1884), and Boury-Esnault (1973), did not
list the specimens examined in their descriptions,
and did not designate type specimens for their new
species. According to the ICZN (1999), article 72.2,
“a nominal species-group taxon established before
2000 may have its name-bearing type fixed from the
type series originally or subsequently (if no name-
bearing type is believed to be extant a neotype may
be fixed)”. Article 72.4.1.1 states that “for a nominal
species or subspecies established before 2000, any
evidence, published or unpublished, may be taken into
account to determine what specimens constitute the type
series”. The specimens of the Calypso expedition were
deposited in the sponge collection of the Muséum
Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are still well
preserved and labeled, and are easily referable to the
descriptions of the new species published by Boury-
Esnault (1973). The same is true for most specimens
of the Challenger collection in the Natural History
Museum, London. We therefore assigned to these
specimens the status of either holotypes (when a single
specimen was described) or syntypes (when more than
one specimen was examined), unless this has been
done before. These assignments are summarized in the
List of Nomenclatorial Acts.
3. Composition of the Brazilian
sponge fauna
Considering exclusively the currently valid names
identified to species level, the known sponge fauna
of Brazil currently totals 443 species. Demospongiae
Introductory Section
is by far the most diverse class, with 380 species in 63
families, or approximately 70% of the 90 currently
accepted demosponge families (Hooper & van Soest,
2002). The Calcarea (47 species in 9 families) and
Hexactinellida (16 species in 9 families) are less diverse.
The Hexactinellida includes three fossil species in two
families. Within the class Demospongiae, marine
species now total 327 in 60 families and freshwater
sponges (suborder Spongillina) include 53 species of
three families (and one species incertae sedis). Some
freshwater species are known only from spongillites
(sediments composed mainly by siliceous spicules;
e.g., Heterorotula fistula). In general, the families most
diverse are Spongillidae with 28 spp., Geodiidae (20),
Ancorinidae (19) and Aplysinidae (17 species), all from
the class Demospongiae. Beyond the 443 identified
species, there are 340 names determined only to genus
level or higher. These unidentified morphospecies
indicate that the sponge species richness in Brazil is
much higher than currently estimated, probably far
exceeding 700 species (discounting possible synonyms),
and demonstrate the need for more detailed taxonomic
studies.
Among the species identified, there are also 290
species names once recorded from Brazil but no
longer accepted as valid. This high number indicates
the difficulties and instability of sponge taxonomy,
mainly due to a shortage of taxonomically useful
morphological characters, to the study of one or few
preserved specimens of most species, and to short,
poorly illustrated descriptions. Most non-specialists
(ecologists, biochemists, microbiologists etc.) are
unaware of these synonymies and often duplicate
records of a single species reported under two different
names. It is expected that this catalogue will reduce
such mistakes and bring more stability to the taxonomy
of Brazilian sponges.
The localities most diverse were Salvador with 72
species identified, followed by Recife with 68, Potiguar
Basin (65), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (59),
São Sebastião (55) and Arraial do Cabo (52 spp.).
These numbers, however, should be interpreted
carefully as they reflect not only the true diversity of
sponge species but also the collecting effort and the
stage of development of the taxonomy of sponges in
each area. Some areas remain completely unexplored,
such as Acre State.
4. Structure of the catalogue
The present catalogue is an exhaustive compilation
from 486 references reporting species of the phylum
17
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Porifera from Brazil and additional 614 references with
relevant information on these species (synonymies,
world distribution etc.). From each article we evaluated
and compiled the relevant information on species
taxonomy and distribution, summing up 3770 records
of 443 species. This should serve as an account of the
great taxonomic shifts and the increase in scientific
interest for Brazilian sponges over the last decades.
We followed here mainly the classification
proposed by the Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest,
2002a), with few modifications from more recent
proposals or our own ideas. We also followed largely
but informally the World Porifera Database (van Soest
et al., 2011), which is not valid as a formal publication
for nomenclatorial issues but is currently a major,
updated source of information on sponge taxonomy.
In spite of past efforts, many inaccuracies and
confusions remain, making the systematics of Brazilian
sponges a difficult task. There is a large portion of
papers written in Portuguese (30%: 146 of 486)
and these, especially when nomenclatorial acts are
concealed amidst the text, are also a major hindrance
to accurate tabulation of taxonomy. Additionally, 13
articles are written in spanish, nine in german, six in
french, one in russian and one in latin.
A great difficulty in the taxonomy of Brazilian
sponges is the large number of records without
description, and whose identifications are thus harder
to evaluate. Papers dealing with biology, ecology and
pharmacology add useful information for systematic
and biogeographic purposes and therefore they are
also presented here in citations followed by a remark
indicating the focus of the article ([faunistics],
[ecology], [pharmacology] etc.). We tried to re-
examine the specimens recorded in such papers, but
in most cases this was not possible. In these cases we
accepted the identification published and added a
remark when necessary.
There are also 340 species identified only to genus
or family levels and recorded as “aff.”, “sp.” or “cf.”.
These records were not included as valid species in the
present compilation, but are listed under the epigraph
“Records identified only to genus level or higher” by
alphabetical order. They give an idea of the diversity
and major groups of sponges yet to be described in
Brazil.
We tried to keep taxonomic changes to a minimum,
inasmuch as we think this is not the ideal vehicle for
nomenclatorial acts, which need to be documented with
illustrations, explanations, lists of material examined,
etc. A list of the nomenclatural acts performed in this
18
catalogue is given to help to locate the taxonomic
changes herein proposed. Colour pictures of some
type specimens are also provided.
There is a surprisingly large number of M.Sc.
dissertations and Ph.D. theses dealing with systematics
and/or biology of sponges in Brazil. However, their
results are not included herein because they do not
constitute publications in the sense of the ICZN
(1999). Abstracts of conference presentations were
also excluded, for the same reason.
For each specific name, the type material and type
locality are indicated after the list of synonyms. For
each junior synonym the author, date and page of the
synonymy are indicated. In specific synonymies, the
citations are ordered by chronological order. Subspecies
and varieties are treated as different species. The generic
or specific names that are junior primary homonyms
are followed by [preocc. author, year], while the specific
secondary homonyms are followed by [non species;
senior secondary homonym]. The specific names
wrongly applied in virtue of a misidentification are
indicated by [non author, year]. Generic synonymies
made without detailing the new specific combinations
are common in the literature. Herein the mandatory
implicit specific combinations are formalized as “new
combinations”. For each species the type locality and
recorded distribution are added as follows:
TYPE LOCALITY: Country; locality.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Region 1: STATE 1: Locality 1 (author
1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [type of
article]). Locality 2 (author 1, year [type of article];
author 2, year [type of article]). STATE 2: Locality 1
(author 1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [type
of article]), etc.
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Country 1, country 2 etc. (author, year
of records).
For freshwater sponges, we added the river, lake or
pond and the hydrographic basin, as follows:
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Region1: HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN 1:
STATE 1: Locality 1, river 1 (author 1, year [type of
article]), river 2 (author 2, year [type of article]),
etc.
The literature search for studies about sponges in
Brazil was exhaustive, so the lists of “Brazilian Records”
are as complete as possible. On the other hand, the
search for references of Brazilian species occurring
in other countries was not exhaustive; the “World

Distribution” lists are mainly intended to determine
whether a species is or not endemic and what is its
global distribution, not to list all references that ever
cited it from anywhere.
Regions and states names follow the official
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website
(IBGE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística;
www.ibge.gov.br, accessed February, 20, 2011). Their
location and abbreviations are explained in Fig. 3.
All coordinate (equally ranked) names are listed in
alphabetical order. The regions are typed in a sans
serif font and the hydrographic basins are typed in
CAPITALS. Definition of hydrographic basins and
names of rivers follow the official Brazilian National
Water Agency website (Agência Nacional de Águas;
www.ana.gov.br; Fig. 4). Detailed maps of the
hydrographic basins showing the location of all rivers
are available at www.ana.gov.br/bibliotecavirtual. First
order political divisions (states and federal district)
are typed in capitals in a smaller font. Second order
political subdivisions such as cities and municipalities
are the main operacional geographic unity of this
catalogue and are composed in bold type. More detailed
information of each record such as the precise location
within a city, geographical coordinates and depth are
presented in parentheses after the locality name. For
very unfamiliar or doubtful places, coordinates or
short remarks have been also added.
5. Locality names
Locality names followed the official site of IBGE (www.
ibge.gov.br/cidadesat). For collection sites offshore,
the nearest locality was determined using the “Ruler”
tool of Google Earth (http://earth.google.com).
These records are presented as “off locality X” and
the coordinates were added in the format originally
published. Oceanic Islands and submarine seamounts
were also included as localities.
Some locality names have changed since the time
of publication, especially those published before
1900. Two cases in Brazil are particularly important:
“Destêrro” and “Bahia”. There are two species
reported from Destêrro: Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt,
1868 (Selenka, 1879; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961) and
Darwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865). Nossa Senhora
do Destêrro (approximately 27o35’S–48o30’W) was
the denomination of the capital of Santa Catarina
State from 1765 to 1894, when the name changed to
Florianópolis. As noted by Hechtel (1976), there is
another city in Brazil currently named Desterro, but it
is located far inland in Paraíba state and was funded in
Introductory Section
1959; it therefore cannot be the location referred to by
the earlier authors.
Several specimens of the Challenger Expedition were
collected in a station located “off Bahia” (Poléjaeff, 1883,
1884; Schulze, 1885, 1887a; Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887;
Sollas, 1886a, 1888). This has been interpreted by most
recent authors as a reference to Bahia State, with precise
locality unknown. The city of Salvador (currently the
capital of Bahia State) was called “São Salvador da Bahia
de Todos os Santos” from 1549 to 1953. It was, however,
widely known simply as “Bahia” in the XIX century.
There are strong indications that the Challenger reports
used the name Bahia for the city and not for the state:
(1) In the ‘Narrative of the Cruise’ of the H.M.S.
Challenger, Tizard et al. (1885: 227) stated that “…
Yellow fever is nearly always prevalent in Bahia,
nor can this be wondered at when the absence of
sanitary arrangements in some parts of the town
is considered (…) Viewed from the sea, Bahia is a
charmingly situated place.” A few lines below, they
continued “…Into the wide bay of Bahia, which
is twenty miles across …”, obviously referring to
Todos os Santos Bay in Salvador.
(2) The maps of the cruise (Tizard et al., 1885:
sheets 15, 16) show a single sampling site off Bahia
state, a few miles East off Salvador (sta. 128;
sta.129 is off Espírito Santo State).
(3) In the remarks of Scolopes megastra, de
Laubenfels (1953: 543) stated that “the genus
Scolopes was established by Sollas (1888, page 432)
for the species moseleyi, based on a single specimen
from Bahia (now São Salvador), Brazil, latitude
13oS, depth unknown”.
In agreement with these indications, we replaced
the locality of this sampling station from “off Bahia” to
“off Salvador” in this catalogue. Similarly, the modern
name “Florianópolis” was used to replace “Destêrro”,
in Santa Catarina State.
The names of some other countries and localities
in and outside Brazil also changed their names since the
publication. In these cases we used the modern name
rather then the published name: Parintins instead
of Vila Nova (Brazil), Ambon instead of Amboine
(Indonesia), Kotor instead of Cattaro (Montenegro),
Sri Lanka instead of Ceylon, Belize instead of British
Honduras, etc.
6. Depositories
An effort has been made to visit or contact the curators
19
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
of all major museums to know about the condition of
their Brazilian Porifera holdings. Part of the information
in the literature was inaccurate, but most institutions
listed below confirmed that they have at least some of
the types. We updated names and addresses as best as
possible. Acronyms of institutions followed in general
the Index to Important Sponge Collections (Stone,
1986), except when their abbreviations (“codens”) are
nonexistent, non-traditional or there was a preferred
acronym from the institution itself.
Complete list of depositories and
their acronyms:
ANSP-PO — Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, Porifera Collection. 19th St. & Ben
Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A. Curator:
Dr. Paul Callomon.
E-mail: callomon@ansp.org
Website:
http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/invertebrate_home.php
BAMZ — Bermuda Aquarium, Museum & Zoo. 40
North Shore Road, Flatts Village, Bermuda (not
contacted).
Website:
http://www.bamz.org
BMNH — British Museum (Natural History). See the
Natural History Museum (NHM).
CLM-Sp. — City of Liverpool Museum (Argo Sponge
Collection) [now called World Museum Liverpool].
William Brown Street, Liverpool L3 8EN, United
Kingdom (not contacted).
Website:
www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk
CUMZ — Cameron University Museum of Zoology.
2800 W Gore Boulevard, Lawton 73505 Oklahoma,
U.S.A. Curator: not contacted.
E-mail: biosciences@cameron.edu
Website:
http://www.cameron.edu/biology
DZUSP — Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de
Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua
do Matão, trav. 14, nº 321, Cidade Universitária,
São Paulo – SP, Brasil, CEP: 05508-090. Curator:
nonexistent.
Website:
http://marcus.ib.usp.br
REMARKS: The Porifera collection of DZUSP was
closed and the sponges were deposited at MNRJ
and MZUSP.
HUJ-II — The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Invertebrate Collection. The National Natural
20
History Collections, Berman Building, Edmond J.
Safra Campus. Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
Director of the Collections: Prof. Alan Matthews.
E-mail: alan@vms.huji.ac.il
Website:
http://nnhc.huji.ac.il/default.asp?PageID=101
IdO — Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba. The sponge
collection was transferred in 2010 to the Acuario
Nacional de Cuba. Avenida 3ra, Esquina 62,
Miramar, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
Curator: Dr. María Victoria Orozco.
E-mail: mariao@acuarionacional.cu
Website:
http://www.acuarionacional.cu
INALI — Instituto Nacional de Limnología – Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas,
Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Ciudad
Universitaria – Paraje “El Pozo” – 3000 Santa Fe,
Argentina. Curator: Dr. Inés Ezcurra de Drago.
E-mail: inesezcurra@arnet.com.ar
Website:
http://www.inali.santafe-conicet.gov.ar/cvezcurra.htm
INPA — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Petrópolis,
69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil. Curator: Dr.
Augusto Loureiro Henriques.
E-mail: loureiro@inpa.gov.br
Website:
http://colecoes.inpa.gov.br/sb/invertebrados/html/
INV-POR — Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y
Pesqueras “José Benito Vives De Andréis” (Porifera
Collection). Cerro Punta de Betín, apartado aéreo
1016 y 873 – Santa Marta, Colombia. Curator (not
contacted): Sandra Rincón Cabal, Asistente de
Dirección.
E-mail: srinconc@invemar.org.co
Website:
http://www.invemar.org.co
LMJG — Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz (Abteilung
für Zoologie). Currently called Universalmuseum
Joanneum, Zoology Center of Natural History.
Weinzöttlstraße 16, 8045 Graz, Germany. Curator:
Dr. Ulrike Hausl-Hofstätter (not contacted).
E-mail: ulrike.hausl-hofstaetter@museum-
joanneum.at
Website:
http://www.museum-joanneum.at/en/zoology
MACN — Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
“Bernadino Rivadavia”, Invertebrate Collection.
Av. Angel Gallardo 470. C1405DJR Buenos Aires,
Argentina. Curator: Dr. Alejandro Tablado.

E-mail: tablado@macn.gov.ar
Website:
http://www.macn.secyt.gov.ar
MCN — Museu de Ciências Naturais. Fundação
Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porifera
Collection. Av. Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Jardim
Botânico. CEP 90.690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Curator: Dr. Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro.
E-mail: cecilia-ribeiro@fzb.rs.gov.br
Website:
http://www.tipos-mcn.fzb.rs.gov.br/webcompusat/colecao/
fontes/index.php?s=35
MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
University. 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA
02138, U.S.A. Curator: Dr. Adam J. Baldinger.
E-mail: abaldinger@oeb.harvard.edu
Website:
http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/collectionsoperations/index.html
MHNG — Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de
Genève. 1 route de Malagnou, CH-1208 Genève,
Suisse. Curator: Dr. Ruth Desqueyroux-Faúndez.
E-mail: ruth.faundez@mhn.ville-ge.ch
Website:
http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/dpt_inve_coll.php#spongiaires
MLP — Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/nº.
B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Curator: Dr. Cristina Damborenea.
E-mail: cdambor@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar
Website:
http://www.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/abamuse.html
MNHN — Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
57, rue Cuvier, CP51 75231, Paris cedex 05, France.
Curator: Dr. Isabelle Domart-Coulon.
E-mail: icoulon@mnhn.fr
Website:
http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/foffice/science/science/ColEtBd/
collectionsMuseum/collectionSci.xsp?i=1
MNHNM — Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de
Montevideo. 25 de mayo 582. CC. 399, CP. 11000
Montevideo, Uruguay. Curator: not contacted.
E-mail: mnhn@internet.com.uy
Website:
http://www.mnhn.gub.uy
MNRJ — Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu
Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Quinta da Boa Vista s/no., São Cristóvão. CEP
20.940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Curators: Dr.
Eduardo Hajdu and Dr. Guilherme Muricy.
E-mail: eduardo.hajdu@gmail.com
muricy@mn.ufrj.br
Website:
Introductory Section
http://www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.br
MSNG — Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo
Doria. Via Brigata Liguria 9. 16121 Genova, Italy.
Curator: Dr. Maria Tavano.
E-mail: mtavano@comune.genova.it
Website:
http://www.museidigenova.it/spip.php?rubrique29&lang=it
Mus.Torino-POR — Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali
di Torino. Via Giolitti, 36, Torino, Italy. Curator: Dr.
Elena Gavetti.
E-mail: elena.gavetti@regione.piemonte.it
Website:
http://www.regione.piemonte.it/museoscienzenaturali/museo/
storia.htm
MZUS — Musée de Zoologie de l’Université de
Strasbourg. 29 Boulevard de la Victoire,
67000 Strasbourg, France. Curator: Dr. Marie-
Dominique Wandhammer.
E-mail: marie-dominique.wandhammer@
strasbourg.eu
Website:
http://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/index.php?page=musee-zoo
MZUSP — Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de
São Paulo. Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga. CEP
04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Curator: Dr. Luis
Ricardo Lopes de Simone.
E-mail: lrsimone@usp.br
Website:
http://www.mz.usp.br
NHM — The Natural History Museum [formerly British
Museum (Natural History – BMNH)]. Cromwell
Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. Curators: M.Sc. Clare
Valentine and M.Sc. Emma Sherlock.
E-mail: c.valentine@nhm.ac.uk
e.sherlock@nhm.ac.uk
Website:
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/collections/
departmental-collections/zoology-collections/index.html
NMV — Museum Victoria. GPO Box 666, Melbourne,
VIC 3001. Australia. Curator: Dr. Chris Rowley
(not contacted).
E-mail: crowley@museum.vic.gov.au
Website:
http://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co119
RMNH — Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum, Leiden
[former Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie].
Darwinweg 2, 2333 BA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Curator: Dr. Koos van Egmond (not contacted).
E-mail: collectie@ncbnaturalis.nl
Website:
http://science.naturalis.nl/collections
21
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
SUNY-UWI — State University of New York, University of
the West Indies Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay,
Jamaica. Curator: Dr. Dale Webber (not contacted).
E-mail: dale.webber@uwimona.edu.jm
Website:
http://www.mona.uwi.edu/cms/dbml.htm
SZN — Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli.
Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy. Curator: not
contacted.
E-mail: stazione.zoologica@szn.it
Website:
http://www.szn.it
THM — The Great North Museum: Hancock [formerly
The Hancock Museum]. Barras Bridge, Newcastle
upon Tyne, NE2 4PT, U.K. Curator: not contacted.
Website:
http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/ourcollections/naturalscience
UFBA-POR — Universidade Federal da Bahia, Museu
de Zoologia, Porifera Collection. Rua Barão de
Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina. CEP 40.170-290 Salvador,
BA, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Carla Menegola.
E-mail: carlamms@ufba.br
carla.menegola@gmail.com
Website:
http://www.mzufba.ufba.br/WEB/Coleções_Porifera.html
UFPEPOR — Porifera Collection, Departamento de Zoo–
logia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n,
Cidade Universitária. CEP 50373-970 Recife, PE,
Brazil. Curator: Dr. Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro.
E-mail: uspinheiro@hotmail.com
Website:
http://www.ufpe.br/ccb
UFRJPOR — Porifera Colection of the Departamento de
Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal
do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brigadeiro Trompowski s/n,
CCS, Bloco A, sala A0-100, Ilha do Fundão. CEP
21.941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Curator: Dr.
Michelle Klautau.
E-mail: mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br
Websites:
http://www.biologia.ufrj.br/zoologia.html
http://www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.br
USNM — Smithsonian Institution, National Museum
of Natural History. 10 and Constitution Ave,
th
NW Washington, DC 20560-0163, U.S.A. Curator:
Dr. Klaus Rützler.
E-mail: ruetzler@si.edu
Website:
http://invertebrates.si.edu
YPM — Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody
22
Museum of Natural History, Yale University. 170–
210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511 U.S.A.
Curator: Dr. Eric Lazo-Wasem.
E-mail: eric.lazo-wasem@yale.edu
Website:
http://www.peabody.yale.edu/collections/iz
ZIN RAN — Zoological Institute of the Russian
Academy of Sciences. Marine Research Laboratory.
199034, 1, Universitetskaya Embankment,
St. Petersburg, Russia. Curator: Dr. Boris
Ivanovich Sierenko (not contacted).
E-mail: sbi@zisp.spb.su
Website:
http://www.zin.ru/index_e.htm
ZMAPOR — Zoological Museum, University of
Amsterdam; Mauritskade 57, 1092 AD, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. P.O. Box 94766. Curators: Dr. Rob
van Soest and Mrs. Elly J. Beglinger.
E-mail: R.W.M.vanSoest@uva.nl
E.J.Beglinger@uva.nl
Websites:
http://www.science.uva.nl/cms/zma/porifera
http://www.science.uva.nl/zma/collections.cfm
ZMB-Por — Institut für Systematische Zoologie.
Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Porifera Collection. Invalidenstraße 43,
D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Curator: Dr. Carsten
Lüter.
E-mail: carsten.lueter@mfn-berlin.de
Website:
http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de
ZMH — Zoological Institute and Museum of Hamburg.
Martin Luther King-Platz 320146 Hamburg,
Germany. Curator: Dr. Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa.
E-mail: andreas.schmidt-rhaesa@uni-hamburg.de
Website:
http://www.uni-hamburg.de/biologie/BioZ/zmh
ZMUC — Zoologisk Museum Universitet Copenhagen.
Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen,
Denmark. Curator: Dr. Ole Secher Tendal (not
contacted).
E-mail: ostendal@snm.ku.dk
Website:
http://zoologi.snm.ku.dk/english/collections/invertebrates/Porifera
7. Other abbreviations used
ANA — Agência Nacional de Águas.
H.P.S. — Hydroelectric Power Station.
IBGE — Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
N.O.A.S. — Navio Oceanográfico Almirante Saldanha.
R.V. — Research Vessel.

8. Acknowledgements
We thank all colleagues who sent reprints of their
articles along the years. Special thanks to Adriano
B. Kury (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro) for the
inspiration and suggestions on the format of the
catalogue. We are grateful to Philippe Willenz (Institut
Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique) and Leandra
de Oliveira (Library of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro)
for the help to find old and difficult bibliography.
Jacques Laborel kindly provided information on
the collection site of Crella (Grayella) spinosa; Pedro
Alcolado (Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba) provided
information on the IdO sponge collection; and Cíntia
Rua (Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro) helped with information on the genus
Placospongia. We thank Nicole Boury-Esnault (Station
Marine d’Endoume) for help with the Calypso
specimens, revision of the manuscript and writing of
the preface. Rob van Soest, Eduardo L. Esteves, Emílio
Lanna and George J. G. Santos made useful comments
that improved the manuscript. Marcio R. Custódio
(Universidade de São Paulo) is thanked for revision of
the manuscript.
We are particularly grateful to all curators who
helped us with information, loans, or help in visits
of the authors to their collections: Adam J. Baldinger
(Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
University); Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa and Helma
Roggenbuck (Zoological Institute and Museum of
Introductory Section
Hamburg); Alejandro Tablado (Museo Argentino de
Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadavia”); Beatriz
Mothes, Cléa B. Lerner and Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro
(Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica
do Rio Grande do Sul); Carsten Lüter (Museum für
Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin);
Clare Valentine and Emma Sherlock (The Natural
History Museum, London); Cristina de Almeida Rocha
Barreira (Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade
Federal do Ceará); Cristina Damborenea (Museo de La
Plata, Argentina); Eric Lazo-Wasem, Lourdes M. Rojas
and Daniel J. Drew (Peabody Museum of Natural
History, Yale University); Isabelle Domart-Coulon
(Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris); Klaus
Rützler (Smithsonian Institution, National Museum
of Natural History); Konstantin Tabachnick (Institute
of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of Russia);
Paul Callomon (Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia); and Rob van Soest and Elly J. Beglinger
(Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam).
This study is part of the project “Desenvolvimento
da Taxonomia de Esponjas Marinhas (Porifera) do
Brasil” (No. SAP 4600177470 – ANPETRO 9784)
of CENPES / PETROBRAS Thematic Network
“Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho”. It has been also
supported by grants from CNPq (Conselho Nacional
de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and
FAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Apoio à
Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro).
23
 II. TAXONOMIC LIST
PHYLUM PORIFERA GRANT, 1836
CLASS CALCAREA BOWERBANK, 1864
SUBCLASS CALCARONEA BIDDER, 1898
ORDER LEUCOSOLENIDA HARTMAN, 1958
Family Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6
! Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Ute chrysalis Schmidt, 1864 (by subsequent
designation; Dendy & Row, 1913).
" Amphoriscus synapta (Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872)
Syculmis synapta Haeckel, 1872: 288; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 3.
Sycurus synapta Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872: 288.
Sycarium synapta Haeckel, 1872: 288.
Amphoriscus synapta, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 20.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed (Haeckel, 1872 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Azevedo & Klautau,
2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Sycarium synapta was transferred to Amphoriscus
by Borojevic et al. (2000).
! Leucilla Haeckel, 1872
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Leucilla amphora Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequent
designation; Dendy & Row, 1913).
" Leucilla sacculata (Carter, 1890) (new combination)
Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890: 566; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 1; Santos et al., 2002b: 399.
Leucandra sacculata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 21.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter,
1890 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Azevedo &
Klautau, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION:Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) synonymised Leucilla
sacculata with L. australiensis Carter, 1885. Later on,
Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987) synonymised L.
australiensis and L. sacculata with Leucilla uter Poléjaeff,
1883. We do not accept these synonymies because
L. sacculata has only cortical tetractines and atrial
tetractines, while L. australiensis has also cortical
triactines and has only atrial triactines. We also consider
L. sacculata and L. uter as valid species until new analyses
are done. Both species have very similar skeletons;
however, in the original description Poléjaeff (1883)
mentioned the presence of cortical diactines (probably
trichoxeas) in L. uter, which are absent in L. sacculata.
" Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883
Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883: 53; Dendy & Row, 1913: 784;
Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987: 35; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160.
Amphoriscus chrysalis Burton, 1963: 545.
Leucilla ?uter, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
Leucilla australiensis, Borojevic, 1967: 221; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976: 1031 [non Leucilla australiensis (Carter,
1886c)].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1884.4.22.21. Paralecto-
types BMNH 1884.4.22.30, 1884.4.22.31.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda and Philippines.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Off Japaratinga (09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W, 27 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off
Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba; 10o24’05”S–36o13’02”W,
21 m depth; 10o28’09”S–36o15’05”W, 25 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). BAHIA STATE:
Off Abrolhos (17o42’S–37o30’W, 50 m depth; 17o55’S–
37o30’W; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off
Belmonte (16o02’S–38o28’05”W, 47 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). CEARÁ STATE: Off
Camocim (02o20’S–40o47’W, 35 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). PARAÍBA STATE: Off João
Pessoa (06o56’34”S–33o49’07”W, 11 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Pitimbu (07o29’0”S–
34o45’0”W, 12 m depth; 07o29’0”S–34o45’0”W, 10 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife (08o09’03”S–34o49’03”W,
22 m depth; 08o06’04”S–34o49’04”W, 19.5 m depth;
08o14’01”S–34o51’05”W, 24.5 m depth; Borojevic &
25
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Cabo de Santo
Agostinho (08o16’07”S–34o54’01”W, 14.5 m depth;
08o17’04”S–34o52’02”W, 22.5 m depth; 08o16’02”S–
34o51’07”W, 22.5 m depth; 08o19’09”S–34o53’05”W, 19
m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Paulista (07o50’S–34o44’05”W, 19-20 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá
(07o45’S–34o46’08”W, 14-15 m depth; 07o42’S–
34o46’05”W, 14-15 m depth; 07o45’S–34o43’05”W, 19-
20 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Grande Seamount
(3°28’00”S–36o06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain (20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Cabo Frio (Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Philippines (Poléjaeff, 1883;
Burton, 1963), South Africa (Borojevic, 1967).
REMARKS: (1) Leucilla australiensis (Carter, 1886c) was
synonymised with Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 by
Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987). However, we do not
accept this synonymy because L. australiensis has cortical
triactines and tetractines and atrial triactines, while L.
uter has only tetractines on the cortex, tetractines on
the atrium, and cortical diactines. (2) The Brazilian
specimens identified as L. australiensis by Borojevic
& Peixinho (1976) and as L. uter or L. ?uter by Muricy
et al. (1991) and Muricy & Silva (1999) were probably
misidentified and should be revised. (3) Borojevic &
Peixinho (1976) erroneously reported this species from
07o36’S–34o52’W, a point inland in Pernambuco State.
! Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Leucandra cucumis Haeckel, 1872 (by monoypy).
" Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic,
2004
Leucilla ?australiensis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
Leucilla sp., Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
1999: 319.
Paraleucilla magna Klautau et al., 2004: 03; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 87; Lanna et al., 2007b: 413; Longo et al., 2007:
1751; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Junqueira et al., 2009:
157; Zammit et al., 2009: 135; Lanna & Klautau, 2010:
250; Santos et al., 2010b: 605; Turque et al., 2010: 7.
Leucilla aff. australiensis, Nassar & Silva, 1999: 200 [non
Leucilla aff. australiensis sensu Junqueira et al., 2004: 53
26
(invalid record, see remarks)].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5147. Paratypes MNRJ 3921,
5186.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Arraial do Cabo
(Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell
biology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Junqueira
et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Itacuruçá (Junqueira et
al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Niterói (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Lôbo-Hajdu
et al., 1999 [ecology]; Klautau et al., 2004 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Lanna et al., 2007b [reproduction]; Salgado et al., 2007
[genetics]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]; Lanna
& Klautau, 2010 [reproduction]; Santos et al., 2010b
[microbiology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Junqueira
et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]).
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Florianópolis
(Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea: Italy (Longo et al.,
2007; Zammit et al., 2009).
REMARKS: (1) Paraleucilla magna is considered an exotic species
both in Brazil (Klautau et al., 2004; Junqueira et al., 2009;
Lanna & Klautau, 2010) and in the Mediterranean Sea
(Longo et al., 2007; Zammit et al., 2009). (2) Junqueira et
al. (2004) recorded Leucilla aff. australiensis from Sepetiba,
Rio de Janeiro State, probably referring to Paraleucilla
magna; this record is not considered valid here because it
was based on unpublished academic works.
" Paraleucilla perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007
Paraleucilla perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 07.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4961. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 4925, 4930.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Botinas Islands, 1-3 m depth, Azevedo
& Klautau, 2007 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Paraleucilla sphaerica Lanna, Cavalcanti, Cardoso,
Muricy & Klautau, 2009
Paraleucilla sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 125.
Paraleucilla sphaerica Lanna et al., 2009: 19.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 417. Paratypes
UFPEPOR 430, 564.

TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];
Lanna et al., 2009 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Grantiidae Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 9
! Grantia Fleming, 1828
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia compressa Fabricius, 1780 (by original
designation).
" Grantia atlantica Ridley, 1881
Grantia atlantica Ridley, 1881: 136; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:
1; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1017.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.16.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória
Bank.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 20o38’05”S–
37o28’W, 70 m depth; 20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported
this species from the city of Vitória. (2) Although treated
separately here, Vitória Bank is part of the Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain.
" Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1019.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-4.
Schizoholotype MNRJ 037.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Goiana
(07o40’02”S–34o43’02”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(02o40’05”N–48o03’W; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[original description]). Northeast Region: ALAGOAS
STATE: Off Barra de Camaragibe (09o24’02”S–
35o18’02”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[original description]). Off Maragogi (09o01’00”S–
34o51’02”W, 54 m depth; 09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W,
36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original
description]). Off Paripueira (09o41’04”S–35o23’02”W,
41 m depth; 09o41’S–35o18’W, 42 m depth; Borojevic &
Taxonomic List
Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off São Miguel
dos Milagres (09o20’06”S–35o10’07”W, 36 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).
BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47
m depth; 17o42’S–37o30’W, 50 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Belmonte
(16o02’S–38o28’05”W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [original description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off
Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’02”S–34o51’07”W, 25.5
m depth; 08o16’S–34o51’07”W, 25.5 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Goiana
(07o40’02”S–34o43’02”W, 19-20 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Recife
(08o09’03”S–34o49’03”W, 22 m depth; 08o14’01”S–
34o51’05”W, 24.5 m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Off Caiçara do Norte
(04o44’S–36o03’W, 73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Leucandra Haeckel, 1872
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Sycinula egedii Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent
designation; Dendy & Row, 1913).
" Leucandra armata (Urban, 1908)
Leuconia armata Urban, 1908: 250; Urban, 1909: 24;
Borojevic, 1967: 216; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1026.
Leucandra armata, Brøndsted, 1931: 38.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Francis Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off Marajó
Island (01o50’N–47o28’05”W, 77 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:
ALAGOAS STATE: Off Maragogi (09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W,
36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba, 10o30’02”S–36o05’05”W,
90 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). CEARÁ
STATE: Off Itarema (02o22’S–39o36’W, 62 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o17’04”S–
34o52’02”W, 22.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Off Recife (08o11’S–34o50’08”W, 20 m
depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá (07o45’S–
34o43’05”W, 19-20 m depth; 07o44’03”S–34o37’03”W,
33 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-
27
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o25’S–35o00’W, 65
m depth; 20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; 20o38’05”S–
37o28’W, 70 m depth; 20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Urban, 1908, 1909;
Brøndsted, 1931; Borojevic, 1967).
" Leucandra barbata (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
(new combination)
Medon barbata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 111.
Leuconia barbata, de Laubenfels, 1936: 195; Burton, 1963:
236; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1023.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 50.
Schizolectotypes USNM 31016, MNHN.D.NBE 1305.
Paratype BMNH 1928.11.12.52.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain (20o25’S–35o00’W, 65 m depth; 20o40’S–37o48’W,
65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936); U.S.
Virgin Islands (St. Thomas; Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864).
REMARKS: As currently accepted (Borojevic et al., 2002a),
species of Leucandra have a cortical skeleton of tangential
spicules with diactines, if present, penetrating the
choanosome; a disorganised choanoskeleton, with traces
of radial organization at the subatrial level; an atrial
skeleton of triactines and/or tetractines; and sylleibid or
leuconoid aquiferous system. Harpoon-shaped pugioles
are never present. Therefore, as L. barbata shows these
characteristics, it is here transferred to Leucandra.
" Leucandra crassior Ridley, 1881 (new status and new
combination)
Aphroceras caminus sensu Ridley, 1881: 135 (non Leucandra
caminus Haeckel, 1872).
Aphroceras caminus var. crassior Ridley, 1881: 135; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 2.
Leuconia caminus, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1026.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória
Bank.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Olinda (08o00’S–34o32’03”W, 70-80 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória Bank (Ridley,
28
1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Ridley (1881) recorded Leucandra caminus
Haeckel, 1872 and described Leucandra caminus var.
crassior from Southeast Brazil (Vitória Bank, Espírito
Santo State), as he found differences in the spicules size
of the specimens. In 1976, Borojevic & Peixinho accepted
the synonymy of Leucandra caminus var. crassior with
Leucandra caminus, as proposed by Burton (1963) and
cited L. caminus from Pernambuco State. However,
analysing the original description and the drawings made
by Haeckel of L. caminus, we believe that this species is
different from the Brazilian specimens studied by Ridley
(1881) and Borojevic & Peixinho (1976). According to
Haeckel (1872), L. caminus is composed of clathrate
tubes. Therefore, we propose here the elevation of the
variety Leucandra caminus var. crassior to the species
category and we consider that the Brazilian specimens
described as L. caminus belong to L. crassior. (2) Mello-
Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species
from the city of Vitória.
" Leucandra crosslandi Thacker, 1908
Leucandra crosslandi Thacker, 1908: 777; Ferrer-Hernandez,
1918: 15.
Leuconia crosslandi, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1028.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde: Boa Vista Island.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (07o29’S–34o45’W, 12 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde Islands (Thacker, 1908), Spain
(Asturias; Ferrer-Hernandez, 1918).
" Leucandra rudifera (Poléjaeff, 1883)
Leuconia rudifera Poléjaeff, 1883: 58; Burton, 1956: 117;
Burton, 1963: 292.
Leucandra rudifera, Thacker, 1908: 773; Moraes et al., 2006:
167.
Leucandra globosa, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.42-44.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al.,
1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (Poléjaeff, 1883); Cape Verde
(Thacker, 1908); West Africa, South Africa (Burton,
1956, 1963).

REMARKS: The specimens from Brazil identified as Leucandra
globosa Sarà, 1951 are here included in the synonym
of Leucandra rudifera. Burton (1963) considered these
and several other species, including the homonymous
Leucandra globosa Tanita, 1943, as synonyms of
Leucandra barbata (as Leuconia). We prefer to consider
them as separate species until a more complete study
is done. The Brazilian specimens are more similar to L.
rudifera and, if they prove to be synonymous, the name
L. rudifera would have priority.
" Leucandra hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931
Leucandra hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931: 40.
Leuconia hentschelii, Borojevic, 1967: 220; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976: 1030.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Simonstown.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’07”S–34o54’01”W,
14.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Recife (08o10’04”S–34o45’05”W, 29.5 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Brøndsted, 1931; Borojevic,
1967).
" Leucandra serrata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007
Leucandra serrata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 11; Muricy et
al., 2008: 126; Lanna et al., 2009: 16; Ignacio et al., 2010:
Table S1.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4878. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 4879, 4881.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];
Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau,
2007 [original description]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et
al., 2010 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Heteropiidae Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6
! Grantessa Lendenfeld, 1885
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Grantessa sacca Lendenfeld, 1885a (by
monotypy).
Taxonomic List
" Grantessa anisactina Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
Grantessa anisactina Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1013.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-3.
Schizoholotype MNRJ 039.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S–
34o29’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 2, 7o29’S–34o29’W, 42 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Sycettusa Haeckel, 1872
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Sycetta stauridia Haeckel, 1872 (by monotypy).
" Sycettusa flamma (Poléjaeff, 1883) (new combination)
Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883: 49; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 2.
Grantessa flamma, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1011.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.25.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Calçoene
(03o49’N–49o40’W, 106 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1883 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Grantessa flamma has an inarticulated skeleton
and therefore it fits better in Sycettusa than in Grantessa
as currently defined (Borojevic et al., 2002a). (2) The
Challenger crew used the old name Bahia referring to
the city currently known as Salvador, the capital of Bahia
State (cf. introductory section).
" Sycettusa hastifera (Row, 1909) (new combination)
Grantilla hastifera Row, 1909: 200.
Grantessa hastifera, Dendy, 1913: 19; Muricy et al., 1991:
1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160.
Sycettusa cf. hastifera, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 16.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1912.2.1.7.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan: Suez (Red Sea).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [description]).
Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Red Sea: Sudan (Row, 1909); Indian
Ocean (Providence; Dendy, 1913).
REMARKS: This species is considered introduced in Brazil
(Azevedo & Klautau, 2007).
" Sycettusa pelagica (Ridley, 1881)
29
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Nardoa pelagica Ridley, 1881: 133; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 3.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.17.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória
Bank.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Burton (1963) transferred this species to the
genus Sycettusa. (2) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously
reported this species from the city of Vitória.
! Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Heteropia macera Carter, 1886a (by subsequent
designation, Dendy & Row, 1913).
" Vosmaeropsis levis Hôzawa, 1940
Vosmaeropsis levis Hôzawa, 1940: 146; Borojevic, 1971: 529;
Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (there is no indication if from the
Atlantic or the Pacific coast).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [description];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Hôzawa, 1940).
" Vosmaeropsis sericatum (Ridley, 1881)
Aphroceras sericatum Ridley, 1881: 134; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 2.
Leuconia sericatum, Breitfuss, 1898c: 463.
Leucandra sericata, Thacker, 1908: 776.
Vosmaeropsis sericatum, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1015.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1879.12.27.15.
Paralectotype BMNH 1880.9.1.24-28.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória Bank.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE:
Off Calçoene (03o49’N–49o40’W; 03o16’N–
49 15’05”W
o
(Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Off Maceió (09o41’04”S–35o28’02”W, 36 m depth;
09o46’02”S–35o34’07”W, 31 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Maragogi
(09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Marechal Deodoro
(09o53’03”S–35o41’03”W, 41 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal
do Peba, 10o26’03”S–36o03’03”W, 40 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). BAHIA STATE: Off
30
Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’02”S–34o51’07”W,
25.5 m depth; 08o19’04”S–34o51’06”W, 26.5 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago (03o48.6’S–32o24.8’W,
52 m depth; 03o50’07”S–32o28’01”W, 65 m depth;
03o50’08”S–32o27’05”W, 55 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Olinda (08o01’05”S–
34o39’03”W, 38 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Off Recife (08o09’09”S–34o45’08”W, 27
m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off São José da Coroa
Grande (08o56’02”S–35o02’07”W, 32 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (03o50’S–33o54’W, 47-54 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Grande
Seamount (3°28’S–36o06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Touros (04o41’S–
35o24’05”W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Punta Arenas, Strait of Magellan;
Breitfuss, 1898c); Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908).
REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported
this species from the city of Vitória. (2) Borojevic &
Peixinho (1976) reported this species from “Calypso
sta. 17, 30o48.6’S–32o24.8’W”, a point located 1600 km
E of Santa Catarina State coast, in the SW Atlantic. We
interpreted this as a missprint of 03o48.6’S–32o24.8’W,
located in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, in
agreement with Forest (1966).
Family Leucosoleniidae Minchin, 1900
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Leucosolenia Bowerbank, 1864
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia botryoides Ellis & Solander, 1786 (by
original designation).
" Leucosolenia arachnoides (Haeckel, 1872)
Ascandra variabilis var. arachnoides Haeckel, 1872: 108.
Leucosolenia arachnoïdes, Borojevic, 1967: 192.
Leucosolenia arachnoides, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976:
1005; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999:
161.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.

Eastern Atlantic Ocean (locality not specified –
TYPE LOCALITY:
from Norway to South Africa).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway, England, Scotland, Ireland, NW
France, Morocco (Haeckel, 1872), South Africa (Haeckel,
1872; Borojevic, 1967).
Family Sycettidae Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5
! Sycon Risso, 1826
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Sycon humboldti Risso, 1826 (by subsequent
designation; Dendy, 1892).
" Sycon ampulla (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycarium ampulla Haeckel, 1870: 238; Haeckel, 1872: 309.
Sycum alopecurus, Haeckel, 1870: 239.
Sycum petiolatum, Haeckel, 1870: 239.
Sycon petiolatus, Haeckel, 1870: 239.
Sycandra ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 308; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 2.
Syconella ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309.
Sycinula ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309.
Sycodendrum ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309.
Sycandra alopecurus, Haeckel, 1872: 309.
Sycandra petiolata, Haeckel, 1872: 309.
Sycon ampulla, Topsent, 1892a: 22; Stephens, 1912: 11;
Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.
Sycon ampullum, Jenkin, 1908: 443.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Atlantic coast of South America (locality not
informed).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Locality not informed (Haeckel, 1872 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Muricy & Silva,
1999 [checklist]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Florianópolis (Haeckel, 1872 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Ireland (Stephens, 1912); Venezuela
(Haeckel, 1872); East South America (Pico Fayal;
Topsent, 1892a); East Africa (Wasin; Jenkin, 1908); NW
France (Bay of Biscay).
REMARKS: Haeckel (1872) and Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) used
the old name of Florianópolis, Destêrro, for the locality
of collection.
Taxonomic List
" Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971
Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971: 528.
Sycon braziliense, Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 [misspelling].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1971-2. Paratype
MNRJ unregistered (lost).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Cabo de São
Tomé.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [original
description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1008.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-2.
Schizoholotype MNRJ 038 (slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Piedade Beach; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Sycon pentactinale Rossi, Farina, Borojevic & Klautau,
2006
Sycon pentactinalis Rossi et al., 2006: 262.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1716. Paratypes MNRJ
9646-9649.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes
Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Alcatrazes Archipelago (Rossi et al., 2006 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The epiteth pentactinalis is here changed to
pentactinale because the genus name Sycon is neutral,
not masculin (Rob van Soest, pers. comm., 2010).
" Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971
Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971: 22; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976: 1007; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 49; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 161.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Not located.
TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Punta Manara.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (08o06’04”S–34o49’04”W, 19.5 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro (Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Muricy & Silva,
1999 [checklist]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994
[description]).
31
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean: Italy (Sarà & Gaino,
1971).
SUBCLASS CALCINEA BIDDER, 1898
ORDER CLATHRINIDA HARTMAN, 1958
Family Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 14
! Clathrina Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Grantia clathrus Schmidt, 1864.
" Clathrina alcatraziensis Lanna, Rossi, Cavalcanti,
Hajdu & Klautau, 2007
Clathrina alcatraziensis Lanna et al., 2007a: 1556.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5859. Paratype MNRJ
10410.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes
Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Alcatrazes Archipelago (8 m depth; Lanna et al., 2007a
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007
Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 5.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4866. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 4864, 4873.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (2 m depth; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina ascandroides Borojevic, 1971
Clathrina ascandroides Borojevic, 1971: 527; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976: 995; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987:
2; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 48;
Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001:
399; Klautau & Valentine 2003: 5; Ferreira et al., 2006:
1343.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2096. Paratype MNHN.
LBIM.C 1971-1.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Cabo de São
Tomé.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off Augusto
Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic
32
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et
al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];
Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Ferreira
et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]). Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic,
1971 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine
2003 [description]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic: France, Spain (Bay of Biscay;
Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987).
" Clathrina aspina Klautau, Solé-Cava & Borojevic,
1994
Clathrina aspina Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 401; Klautau &
Valentine, 2003: 6; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 4.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.3. Paratype
MNRJ 4053 (not located).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (2 m depth, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007
[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Klautau et al., 1994a
[original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];
Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau &
Valentine, 2003 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina atlantica (Thacker, 1908)
Leucosolenia atlantica Thacker, 1908: 760; Tanita, 1943: 380.
Clathrina atlantica, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 994; Klautau
& Valentine, 2003: 7.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype CUMZ-R.N.5. Paratype CUMZ-
R.N.4. Slide from the holotype BMNH 1924.7.2.6. Slide
from the paratype BMNH 1924.7.2.5.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde: Boa Vista.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Off
Itarema (02o10’S–39o50’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Grande Seamount (3°28’S–36o06’05”W, 61 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off
Natal (05o45’05”S–34o58’05”W, 45 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908; Klautau &
Valentine, 2003); Japan (Tanita, 1943).
REMARKS: There are important morphological differences
between specimens of C. atlantica from Cape Verde,

Japan, and Brazil. They are probably different species and
the Brazilian population might need a new species name,
but molecular studies are required to test this hypothesis.
" Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault,
Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991
Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava et al., 1991: 385; Muricy et al.,
1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Muricy & Moraes,
1998: 215; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Santos et al., 2002b:
398; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 401; Klautau & Valentine
2003: 9; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et
al., 2004: 651; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 85; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1554; Muricy et
al., 2008: 128; Lanna et al., 2009: 4; Santos et al.,
2010b: 605.
Clathrina sp. 1, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1989-1. Paratype
BMNH 1999.9.19.6.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [ecology]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al.,
2009 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos
Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial
do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Solé-Cava et
al., 1991 [original description]; Muricy et al., 1993
[pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001
[description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro
(Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al.,
2007a [description]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]; Lanna et al., 2007a [description]). São
Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava, Klautau, Boury-
Esnault, Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991
Clathrina cerebrum sensu Borojevic, 1971: 526 (non Clathrina
cerebrum (Haeckel, 1872) [new synonym]).
Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava et al., 1991: 382; Klautau
et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau &
Borojevic, 2001: 403; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 11.
Taxonomic List
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1989-2.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Solé-Cava et al., 1991 [original
description]; Klautau et al., 1994a [description]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001
[description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]).
Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [description];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The specimens described as Clathrina cerebrum
by Borojevic (1971) were reexamined here. They
present several rows of spines in the apical actine of
the tetractines, which is a diagnostic characteristic of C.
brasiliensis (Figure 3 in Borojevic, 1971).
" Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001
Clathrina primordialis sensu Borojevic, 1971: 527; Mothes de
Moraes, 1985b: 228; Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy
& Silva, 1999: 160 [non Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel,
1872)].
Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 404; Klautau
& Valentine, 2003: 18; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 86; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1554.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.19.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Mothes de Moraes,
1985b [description]; Klautau et al., 1994a [description];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic,
2001 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003
[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio
de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy,
2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et
al., 2007a [description]). Ubatuba (Borojevic, 1971
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina cylindractina Klautau, Solé-Cava &
Borojevic, 1994
Clathrina cylindractina Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy &
Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 407; Klautau
& Valentine, 2003: 24.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.21.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
33
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Klautau et al., 1994a [original
description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau &
Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau & Borojevic, 2001
Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 408;
Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 35.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.30.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [original
description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Clathrina reticulum (Schmidt, 1862)
Nardoa reticulum Schmidt, 1862: 18; Schmidt, 1869: 91;
Schmidt, 1870: 73.
Tarrus reticulatus, Haeckel, 1870: 244.
Nardopsis reticulum, Haeckel, 1870: 247.
Ascandra reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 87; Vosmaer, 1881: 5;
Lendenfeld, 1891: 39; Breitfuss, 1898d: 92; Brøndsted,
1914: 530.
Olynthus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Clistolynthus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Soleniscus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Nardorus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Tarrus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Auloplegma reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Ascometra reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88.
Ascandra retiformis, Haeckel, 1872: 88; Breitfuss, 1932: 243.
Clathrina reticulum, Minchin, 1896: 359; Borojevic, 1967:
189; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 993; Borojevic & Boury-
Esnault, 1987: 12; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 36.
Leucosolenia reticulum, Breitfuss, 1930: 275; Breitfuss, 1932:
243; Topsent, 1934b: 9; Breitfuss, 1935: 14; Topsent, 1936:
22; Hôzawa, 1940: 32; Arndt, 1940: 4; Tanita, 1942b: 82;
Tanita, 1943: 386.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1896.9.15.13.
TYPE LOCALITY: France: Banyuls-sur-Mer (NW Mediterranean).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off Augusto
Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife (08o09’09”S–
34o45’08”W, 27 m depth; 08o16’01”S–34o19’09”W, 35.5
m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o25’S–35o00’W, 65 m
34
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Arctic (e.g., Breitfuss, 1932), northeast
Atlantic (e.g., Schmidt, 1869; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault,
1987), “extreme western north and Iceland” (Schmidt,
1870), Adriatic Sea (Breitfuss, 1935), Mediterranean
Sea (e.g., Schmidt, 1862; Haeckel, 1872; Topsent, 1934b,
1936; Tanita, 1942b), Portugal (Arndt, 1940), South
Africa (Borojevic, 1967), Japan (e.g., Hôzawa, 1940;
Tanita, 1943).
REMARKS: The identification of the Brazilian specimens is
doubtful and needs revision.
" Clathrina tetractina Klautau & Borojevic, 2001
Clathrina tetractina Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 408; Klautau
& Valentine, 2003: 42; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1556.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.33.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [original
description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Lanna et al., 2007a
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, 1868
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 (by
monotypy).
" Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868
Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868: 221; Borojevic &
Boury-Esnault, 1987: 14; Barthel & Tendal, 1993: 84;
Janussen et al., 2003: 17; Rapp, 2006: 352.
Ascetta blanca, Haeckel, 1872: 38; Hansen, 1885: 20;
Lendenfeld, 1891: 34; Arnesen, 1901: 9; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961: 3.
Leucosolenia blanca, Lackschewitsch, 1886: 300; Breitfuss,
1896: 426; Breitfuss, 1898a: 13; Breitfuss, 1898e: 105;
Breitfuss, 1911: 224; Derjugin, 1915: 289; Breitfuss, 1927:
27; Arndt, 1928: 19; Hôzawa, 1929: 282; Brøndsted, 1931:
12; Breitfuss, 1930: 275; Breitfuss, 1932: 240; Breitfuss,
1935: 7; Breitfuss, 1936: 5; Topsent, 1936: 9; Arndt, 1941:
45; Tanita, 1942b: 75.
Clathrina blanca, Minchin, 1896: 359; Jenkin, 1908: 438;
Borojevic, 1971: 525; Ereskovsky, 1995: 730.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ubatuba (Borojevic, 1971 [description]). South Region:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Florianópolis (Haeckel, 1872

[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Arctic (Hansen, 1885); Barents Sea –
Spitzbergen (Breitfuss, 1896, 1898a, 1898b, 1932); NW
Russia (Breitfuss, 1911; Derjugin, 1915); White Sea
(Barthel & Tendal, 1993; Ereskovsky, 1995); Canary
Islands - Lanzarote (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868; Haeckel,
1872); Bay of Biscaye (Borojevic & Boury-Esnault,
1987); Norwegian coast (Arnesen, 1901; Burton, 1930;
Breitfuss, 1936; Janussen et al., 2003; Rapp, 2006). Baltic
Sea (Breitfuss, 1927; Arndt, 1928). Adriatic Sea (Lesina;
Lendenfeld, 1891; Breitfuss, 1935). Mediterranean Sea
(Lackschewitsch, 1886; Minchin, 1896; Topsent, 1936).
South Africa, Indian Ocean, California, Philippines
(Haeckel, 1872). Japan (Haeckel, 1872; Hôzawa, 1929;
Tanita, 1943). East Africa (Jenkin, 1908). Antarctic
(Brøndsted, 1931).
REMARKS: (1) This allegedly cosmopolitan species probably is
a species complex and needs revision. (2) Haeckel (1872)
and Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) referred to Florianópolis
by its old name, Destêrro.
" Guancha tetela Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
Guancha tetela Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 998.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-1.
Schizoholotype MNRJ 040.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–
37o30’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Leucaltidae Dendy & Row, 1913
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Leucaltis Haeckel, 1872
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequent
designation, Dendy & Row, 1913).
" Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872
Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872: 159; Dendy, 1913: 16;
Hôzawa, 1940: 136; Arndt, 1940: 46; Tanita, 1943: 394;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1002; Borojevic, 1998: 75;
Wörheide & Hooper, 1999: 877; Borojevic & Klautau,
2000: 190; Borojevic et al., 2002b: 1148; Muricy et al.,
2008: 131; Lanna et al., 2009: 13.
Artynas clathria Haeckel, 1872: 159.
Heteropegma nodus gordii Poléjaeff, 1883: 45; Lendenfeld,
Taxonomic List
1885a: 1107; Dendy, 1892: 113; Dendy, 1893: 242; Hanitsch,
1895: 209; Dendy, 1905: 230; Jenkin, 1908: 453.
Leucaltis bathybia var. mascarenica Ridley, 1884: 628.
Clathrina latitubulata Carter, 1886b: 515.
Heteropegma latitubulata, Dendy, 1892: 114.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1968.667 (cf.
Borojevic et al., 2002b).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off Marajó
Island (01o57’05”N–47o13’05”W, 93 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:
ALAGOAS STATE: Off Coruripe (10o12’06”S–36o00’05”W,
21 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
CEARÁ STATE: Off Itarema (02o10’S–39o50’W, 65 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (03o50’S–33o54’W, 47-
55 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W, 73 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Grande Seamount (3°28’0.00”S–36o06’05”W, 61 m
depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];
Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). SERGIPE STATE:
Off Pacatuba (off the mouth of São Francisco River,
10o42’S–36o22’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain
(20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean: U.S.A. (Florida; Haeckel,
1872), off Bermuda (Poléjaeff, 1883), Portugal (Hanitsch,
1895; Arndt, 1940). Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka (Dendy,
1905), Amirante Group, Seychelles (Ridley, 1884; Dendy,
1913), Egmont reef (Dendy, 1913; Hôzawa, 1940),
Cargados Carajos (Dendy, 1913); E Africa (Wasin; Jenkin,
1908), N and S Australia (Carter, 1886b; Dendy, 1892,
1893; Poléjaeff, 1883). Western Pacific: New Caledonia
(Borojevic, 1998; Borojevic & Klautau, 2000), Japan
(Tanita, 1943).
REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species strongly needs
revision (Borojevic e al., 2002b).
Family Leucascidae Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3
! Ascaltis Haeckel, 1872
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Ascaltis lamarcki Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequent
designation, Borojevic, 1968).
35
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
" Ascaltis poterium (Haeckel, 1872)
Ascetta primordialis var. poterium Haeckel, 1872: 17.
Clathrina poterium, Ridley, 1881: 133.
Ascetta poterium, Lendenfeld, 1885a: 898; Lendenfeld, 1885b:
1084.
Leucosolenia poterium, Poléjaeff, 1883: 35; Breitfuss, 1898c:
457; Breitfuss, 1932: 242.
Ascaltis poterium, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1000.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Australia.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Piedade Beach; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Haeckel, 1872; Poléjaeff, 1883;
Lendenfeld, 1885a, 1885b), Arctic (Breitfuss, 1932), Chile
(Ridley, 1881; Breitfuss, 1898c).
REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species also needs
revision.
! Leucascus Dendy, 1892
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 (by subsequent
designation, Dendy & Row, 1913).
" Leucascus roseus Lanna, Rossi, Cavalcanti, Hajdu &
Klautau, 2007
Leucascus roseus Lanna et al., 2007a: 1558; Muricy et al.,
2008: 129; Lanna et al., 2009: 5.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5827.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes
Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];
Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region:
SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al.,
2007a [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892
Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892: 77; Kirk, 1897: 313; Dendy,
1913: 9; Row & Hôzawa, 1931: 742; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976: 1001; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes NMV F42415, F42416, F42418,
F42419, BMNH 1925.11.1.34, 1925.11.1.34a (slide of
BMNH 1925.11.1.34), NMV F42417 (slide of BMNH
1925.11.1.34), BMNH 1925.11.1.1730 (slide of NMV
F42418), BMNH 1925.11.1.1731 (slide of NMV
F42419).
TYPE LOCALITY: South Australia.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off Augusto
36
Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991
[ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Port Jackson (Dendy, 1892),
Port Phillip Heads (Dendy, 1892), Shark’s Bay District,
Geraldton District, Freemantle, Bunbury (Row &
Hôzawa, 1931). Indian Ocean: Providence, Seychelles
(Dendy, 1913). New Zealand (Kirk, 1897).
REMARKS: The Brazilian specimens were probably misidentified
and their identity should be checked.
Family Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2
! Leucetta Haeckel, 1872
For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Leucetta primigenia Haeckel, 1872 (by original
designation).
" Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872)
Leucaltis floridana Haeckel, 1872: 144.
Dyssycus floridanus, Haeckel, 1872: 144.
Lipostomella floridana, Haeckel, 1872: 144.
Amphoriscus floridanus, Haeckel, 1872: 144.
Leucaltis pura Haeckel, 1872: 144.
Leucaltis impura Haeckel, 1872: 144.
Leucilla floridana, Jenkin, 1908: 453.
Leucetta microraphis Tanita, 1942a: 111; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976: 1003.
Leucetta floridana, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 146; Moraes et al.,
2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 132; Valderrama et al.,
2009: 9; Lanna et al., 2009: 7.
Leucetta aff. floridana, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 99.
Leucetta sp., Moraes et al., 2003: 17.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (cf. Burton, 1963).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off Augusto
Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region:
ALAGOAS STATE: Off Barra de Santo Antonio
(09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Coruripe (10o12’06”S–
36o00’05”W, 21 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Off Japaratinga (09o11’01”S–34o57’W, 52
m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off
Maceió (09o46’02”S–35o34’07”W, 31 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal
do Peba, 10o30’02”S–36o05’05”W, 90 m depth; Borojevic

& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(Abrolhos Archipelago, Tanita, 1942a [description]; Parcel
das Paredes, Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off
Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 79, 18o09’S–38o20’W, 33 m depth;
18o06’S–38o42’W, 37 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). CEARÁ STATE: Locality not informed
(Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off Acaraú
(02o04’S–40o13’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). Off Bitupitá (02o20’S–41o20’W, 65
m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Canopus Seamount (02o15’S–38o15’W, 69-72 m depth;
Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Caucaia
(03o12’S–38o30’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). Off Fortaleza (02o49’S–38o15’W,
72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Itarema (02o10’S–39o50’W, 65 m depth; 02o22’S–
39o36’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Off Trairi (02o52’05”S–38o49’W, 72
m depth; 02o52’S–39o04’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off
São Luís (00o56’S–43o41’05”W, 49 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). PARAÍBA STATE: Off
João Pessoa (07o08’S–34o26’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Rio Tinto
(06o47’S–34o36’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Cabo
de Santo Agostinho (08o20’S–34o39’W, 73-74 m depth;
08o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho,
1976 [description]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Valderrama et al.,
2009 [description]). Off Goiana (07o40’S–34o28’07”W,
60-88 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Itamaracá (07o45’S–34o33’W, 40 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Olinda (08o00’S–
34o46’W, 20-24 m depth; 08o00’S–34o39’07”W, 33 m
depth; 08o00’S–34o32’03”W, 70-80 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Recife (08o10’04”S–
34o45’05”W, 29.5 m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m
depth; 08o16’01”S–34o19’09”W, 35.5 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off São José da Coroa
Grande (08o56’02”S–34o57’07”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (03o50’S–33o54’W, 47-54 m depth
(Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Valderrama et al., 2009
[description]). Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W,
73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Off Icapuí (04o27’S–37o04’W, 58 m depth; Borojevic
& Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Macau (4o40’S–
36o34’W, 63 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
[description]). Off Natal (05o41’05”S–35o05’06”W,
Taxonomic List
23 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description];
Lanna et al., 2009 [description]; Valderrama et al.,
2009 [description]). SERGIPE STATE: Off Pacatuba
(10o42’07”S–36o31’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic &
Peixinho, 1976 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean: U.S.A. (Florida; Haeckel,
1872), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Colombia,
Panama (Valderrama et al., 2009), Jamaica (Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998). Indian Ocean: ?Wasin (East Africa;
Jenkin, 1908).
REMARKS: The record from Wasin by Jenkin (1908) needs
confirmation (cf. Borojevic & Klautau, 2000).
" Leucetta potiguar Lanna, Cavalcanti, Cardoso, Muricy
& Klautau, 2009
Leucetta sp., Valderrama et al., 2009: 5.
Leucetta potiguar Lanna et al., 2009: 9.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 569. Paratypes
UFPEPOR 588, 591.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Locality
not informed (Valderrama et al., 2009 [genetics]; Lanna
et al., 2009 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Valderrama et al., 2009 [genetics];
Lanna et al., 2009 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE SOLLAS, 1885a
ORDER AGELASIDA HARTMAN, 1980
Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 8
! Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see van Soest (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864:
76 (by subsequent designation; Burton & Rao, 1932).
" Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870)
Chalinopsis clathrodes Schmidt, 1870: 60.
Agelas clathrodes, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 131; Collette &
Rützler, 1977: 309; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 110; Zea, 1987:
217; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 98; Kobluk & van Soest,
1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 63; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
37
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
81; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest,
1999: 154; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; Moraes et al., 2003:
17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes
et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Ferreira et al.,
2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Oliveira, 2007a: 31;
Muricy et al., 2008: 81; Lira et al., 2010: 158.
Agelas clatrodis, Neves & Omena, 2003: 125 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: “Types” (fragments) BMNH 1870.5.3.161,
MZUS PO-138 (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Caracas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed (Oliveira,
2007a [description]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE
sta. C5-12R, 17.042oS–37.608oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (Bezerra
& Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State
Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archi-pelago
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife
(Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy &
Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes
et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not informed (Oliveira,
2007a [description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain
(REVIZEE sta. C2-22F, 20.604oS–35.860oW, 110 m depth;
REVIZEE sta. C2-23R, 20.483oS–36.100oW, 60 m depth;
REVIZEE sta. C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed
(Oliveira, 2007a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Barbados
(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Dominican Republic
(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990),
Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Puerto
Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Panama (Diaz, 2005),
Venezuela (Schmidt, 1870; Alvarez et al., 1990).
" Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870)
Chalinopsis conifera Schmidt, 1870: 60.
Agelas conifera, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 108; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl,
1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 65; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154; Rützler et
al., 2000: 236; Diaz, 2005: 470; Muricy et al., 2006: 141.
38
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone,
1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50
m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Vitória (REVIZEE
sta. C5-34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy
et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-29R, 19.800oS–37.773oW, 58 m
depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta.
C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antilles (Schmidt, 1870), Belize (Rützler et
al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Dominican
Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van
Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Puerto
Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl,
1990), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
" Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 76; Boury-
Esnault, 1973: 285; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 131; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986: 107; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216; Alvarez
et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Muricy
& Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154;
Santos et al., 1999: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; van Soest,
2002a: 820; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena,
2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 470; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701;
Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Cedro
et al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007: 354; Mothes et al., 2007a: 85; Muricy et al., 2008:
83; Moraes, 2009: 362.
Agelas sparsus (Gray, 1867) sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos
et al., 1999: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 391.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 607.
TYPE LOCALITIES: Guadeloupe; St. Martin; U.S. Virgin Islands:
St. Croix, St. Thomas; Puerto Rico: Vieques (cf.
Wiedenmayer, 1977).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off the
mouth of the Amazon River (00º26’00”S–47º35’05”W,
24-25 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]).
Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió (Cedro
et al., 2007 [ecology]). BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos
(Calypso sta. 80, 18o09’S–38o30’W, 50 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]). CEARÁ STATE: Locality not informed
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999
[checklist]). Off Beberibe (REVIZEE NE sta. 210,
3o50.5598’S–37o37.6930’W, 116 m depth; Santos et al.,

1999 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra
da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et
al., 2007 [pharmacology]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off
Barreirinhas (01º55’00”S–42º44’00”W, 63 m depth;
Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 22,
8o15’S–34o42’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–
34o42’W, 51 m depth; Calypso sta. 25, 8o22’S–34o44’W, 38-
52 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];
Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue,
REVIZEE NE sta. 213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W,
52 m depth; sta. 215, 4o38.4941’S–36o42.9565’W, 77.5
m depth; Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava
et al., 1981 [description]). Off São Mateus (Calypso sta.
90, 18o51’S–39o08’W, 49 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-23R,
20.483oS–36.100oW, 60 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-45R,
20.951oS–34.006oW, 125 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW,
270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Bonaire
(Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987),
Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica
(Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz,
2005), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), St. Martin
(Wiedenmayer, 1977), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
" Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815)
Alcyonium sceptrum Lamarck, 1815: 163.
Agelas sceptrum, Alcolado, 1976: 5; Zea, 1987: 215; van Soest
& Stentoft, 1988: 100; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert, 1993: 50; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 155;
Mothes et al., 2007a: 84 (for further synonymy see Zea,
1987: 215).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN unregistered (Lamarck
Collection).
Taxonomic List
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Off Cururupu (00º51’44”S–44º21’24”W, 100 m
depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Off Turiaçu
(00º22’00”S–44º52’00”W, 72 m depth; Mothes et al.,
2007a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988),
Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea,
1987), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Jamaica (Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998, 1999), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
" Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902
Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902: 398; Zea, 1987: 210; van Soest
& Stentoft, 1988: 102; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156; Alcolado,
2002: 61; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007: 354; Mothes et al., 2007a: 86; Muricy & Heim,
2007a: 32; Muricy et al., 2008: 84 (non Agelas schmidti
sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 129 [= Agelas wiedenmayeri
Alcolado, 1984]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 7683.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: Off St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). Off
Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW,
83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba
(REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE
sta. C5-4R, 14.808oS–38.917oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off Tutóia
(Parnaíba River Delta, 02º14.21’49”S–42º00.12’20”W, 72
m depth; 02º12’00”S–41º48’00”W, 56 m depth; Mothes et
al., 2007a [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not
informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). Off
Itaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C5-17R, 18.663oS–37.870oW, 65
m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-
Y7, 20.849oS–40.167oW, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-46R,
20.676oS–34.589oW, 108 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim,
2007a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Barbados
(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Colombia (Zea, 1987),
U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands (Wilson, 1902),
Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
39
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
" Agelas sventres Lehnert & van Soest, 1996
Agelas sventres Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 65; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156: Muricy
et al., 2008: 85.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 11322.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998,
1999).
" Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996
Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 67; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1999: 156; Muricy et al., 2006: 141.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 11323.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW,
83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba
(REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1999).
" Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984
Agelas schmidti sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 129 (non Agelas
schmidti Wilson, 1902).
Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984: 11; Mothes et al., 2007a:
87.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype IdO-409.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba: Havana.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Off São Luís (01º34’36”S–43º15’57”W, 60 m depth;
00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Mothes et al.,
2007a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Cuba
(Alcolado, 1984).
ORDER ASTROPHORIDA SOLLAS, 1888
Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 7 SPECIES: 19
! Asteropus Sollas, 1888
TYPE SPECIES: Stellettinopsis simplex Carter, 1879b (by
monotypy).
" Asteropus brasiliensis Hajdu & van Soest, 1992
Asteropus simplex sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel,
40
1976: 252; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Santos et al., 2002b:
388 (non Asteropus simplex Carter, 1879b).
Asteropus brasiliensis Hajdu & van Soest, 1992: 4; Muricy &
Silva, 1999: 160; Alcolado, 2002: 56; Santos et al., 2002b:
388; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 41.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 3022. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 2575, 2814, 2889, 2908, 2913, 2915a, 2974,
3027, 3038.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 [original
description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et
al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 [original
description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
" Asteropus niger Hajdu & van Soest, 1992
Stellettinopsis ketostea sensu Alcolado, 1980: 6 (non
Stellettinopsis ketostea de Laubenfels, 1950 [= Asteropus
ketostea]).
Asteropus niger Hajdu & van Soest, 1992: 10; Alcolado, 2002:
56; Muricy et al., 2008: 43.
Holoxea sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (new synonym).
TYPE SPECIMENS: ZMAPOR 5715.
TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.
RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), Curaçao
(Hajdu & van Soest, 1992).
! Holoxea Topsent, 1892
TYPE SPECIES: Holoxea furtiva Topsent, 1892b (by monotypy).
" Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973
Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel, 1976:
252; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Moraes et al., 2006: 167.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964 (Fig.
5A).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

STATE: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W,
27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We fixed here as the holotype
by monotypy the single original specimen deposited
in the MNHN collection. (2) Santos et al. (2002b)
erroneously recorded this species from Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago.
! Jaspis Gray, 1867
TYPE SPECIES: Vioa johnstonii Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy).
" Jaspis johnstonii (Schmidt, 1862)
Vioa johnstonii Schmidt, 1862: 78.
Coppatias johnstoni, Topsent, 1900: 270.
Jaspis johnstoni, Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 59; van Soest,
1993: 210.
Jaspis johnstonii, Uriz, 2002a: 115.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes LMJG 15256, 15258, 15268, 15649
(cf. Uriz, 2002a).
TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Sibenik (“Sebenico”).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (31o02’S–49o37’W, 150 m depth; Mothes
de Moraes, 1978 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde, Croatia, Spain (Mediterranean
coast), France (NE Atlantic coast) (Schmidt, 1862;
Topsent, 1900; Uriz, 2002a). Tropical West Africa (van
Soest, 1993).
" Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973
Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973: 272; Hechtel, 1976:
254.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956 (Fig.
5B).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off São Mateus
(18o51’S–39o08’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18o51’S–39o08’W, 49
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We fixed here as the holotype
by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in
the MNHN collection.
! Penares Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).
Taxonomic List
TYPE SPECIES: Stelletta helleri Schmidt, 1864 (by
monotypy).
" Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973
Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973: 271; Hechtel, 1976:
253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029 (Fig.
5C, D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ALAGOAS STATE: Off Maceió (9o40’S–
35o18’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Maceió (Calypso sta. 31, 9o40’S–35o18’W, 50 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype
by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in
the MNHN collection.
" Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973
Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973: 271; Hechtel, 1976:
253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944 (Fig. 5E).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S–
34o29’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 2, 7o29’S–34o29’W, 42 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We fixed here the single
specimen deposited in the MNHN collection as the
holotype by monotypy.
! Rhabdastrella Thiele, 1903
For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Coppatias distinctus Thiele, 1900 (by original
designation).
" Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel, 1983
Rhabdastrella sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Rhabdastrella (Aurorella) fibrosa Hechtel, 1983: 81; Santos et
al., 2002b: 388.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5730 (Fig. 5F).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
41
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The subgeneric classification was abandoned
following Uriz (2002a).
" Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973
Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973: 270; Hechtel,
1976: 253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023 (Fig.
5G).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S–
34o30’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype
by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in
the MNHN collection.
! Stelletta Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Stelletta grubei Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent
designation; Burton & Rao, 1932).
" Stelletta anancora (Sollas, 1886)
Pilochrota anancora Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 132.
Stelletta anancora, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel,
1976: 254; van Soest, 1993: 212 (non Stelletta anancora
sensu Burton, 1954: 220; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a: 68;
Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59 [= Stelletta gigas]).
Myriastra anancora, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269.
Stelletta (Pilochrota) anancora, Hechtel, 1976: 242.
?Stelletta cf. anancora, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 26.
Complexo Stelletta anancora, Oliveira, 2007b: 33.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.56 (by
monotypy).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed (Oliveira, 2007b [description]). Off
Abrolhos (18o09’S–38o30’W and 18o06’S–38o42’W;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Off Salvador (Sollas,
1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra dos
Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W; Boury-
Esnault, 1973 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not informed (Oliveira,
2007b [description]).
42
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados? (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988);
Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993)
REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the type locality (Salvador)
was called “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction). (2) The precise locality of the collection
site of Hechtel (1976) record from Recife was not
indicated by the author, who stated only “Recife and
Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte
to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the labels of
specimens YPM 8957 and 9016.
" Stelletta anasteria Esteves & Muricy, 2005
Stelletta anasteria Esteves & Muricy, 2005: 45.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6710. Paratypes MNRJ 6699
(Fig. 6A), 6713.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Abrolhos Archipelago (Esteves & Muricy, 2005 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Stelletta beae Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003
Myriastra purpurea sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985a: 322.
Stelletta purpurea sensu Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 50 (non
Stelletta purpurea Ridley, 1884: 473).
Stelletta sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.
Stelletta beae Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003: 4; Prado et al., 2004:
129; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 39.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3702. Paratypes MNRJ 280,
281, 282, 487, 491, 513, 575, 596, 712, 728, 729, UFRJPOR
3606.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO; Prado et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba
(Mothes de Moraes, 1985a [description]; Hajdu &
Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Hajdu
& Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangel
et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 0-2 m depth, Hajdu &
Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Bombinhas (0.8 m depth; Mothes & Lerner,
1994 [description]; Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Porto Belo (Mothes de Moraes, 1985a [description];
Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.

" Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886)
Pilochrota crassispicula Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 128.
Stelletta crassispicula, Lendenfeld, 1903: 43; Topsent, 1928:
123; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1993: 213.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Two syntypes BMNH unregistered (cf. Sollas,
1888).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1903 [description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Topsent, 1928; van Soest,
1993).
REMARKS: (1) This species has been considered a junior
synonym of Stelletta anancora (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973),
but is accepted here as valid following Hajdu & Carvalho
(2003). (2) The city of Salvador was referred to as “Bahia”
by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
" Stelletta gigas (Sollas, 1886a)
Pilochrota gigas Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 124.
Stelletta anancora sensu Burton, 1954: 220; Edwards &
Lubbock, 1983a: 68; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59
[non Stelletta anancora (Sollas, 1886a)].
Stelletta gigas, Lendenfeld, 1903: 43; Moraes et al., 2006: 168;
Muricy et al., 2008: 44; Moraes et al., 2009: 163 (non
Stelletta cf. gigas van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 24).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH unregistered.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO
(Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888
[description]; Lendenfeld, 1903 [description]; Burton,
1954 [description]; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a
[biogeography]; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b [ecology];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes et al., 2009
[ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The specimen reported by Burton (1954) from São
Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago is deposited at BMNH
1938.6.30.6 (Fig. 5H).
" Stelletta hajdui Lerner & Mothes, 1999
Stelletta hajdui Lerner & Mothes, 1999: 86.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3240. Schizoholotype (slides)
from holotype deposited in ZMAPOR.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio
Grande (32º24’S–50º15’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Taxonomic List
Off Rio Grande (32º24’S–50º15’W; Lerner & Mothes,
1999 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Stelletta kallitetilla (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Myriastra kallitetilla de Laubenfels, 1936: 169; Rützler et al.,
2000: 234.
Stelletta kallitetilla, Alcolado, 2002: 56; Cosme & Peixinho,
2007: 175.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22466.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida (Dry Tortugas).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(<10 m depth, Cosme & Peixinho, 2007 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize
(Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), U.S.A.
(Dry Tortugas, Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Stelletta ruetzleri Mothes & Silva, 2002
Stelletta ruetzleri Mothes & Silva, 2002: 71; Mothes et al.,
2003: 67; Mothes et al., 2006c: 66.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2198. Schizoholotype
ZMAPOR 16399 (slides). Paratypes MCN 2201, BMNH
2000.12.14.1. Schizoparatypes MCN 1593 (slides), MCN
2200 (slides), MCZ 32382, USNM 51559.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio
Grande (32o24’S–50o15’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (128-200 m depth, Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]). Off Rio Grande (32o24’S–50o15’W,
R./V. Atlântico Sul, 200 m depth, Mothes & Silva, 2002
[original description]). Off Tavares (31°20’S–49°52’W,
R./V. Atlântico Sul, 128 m depth, Mothes & Silva, 2002
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Stelletta soteropolitana Cosme & Peixinho, 2007
Stelletta soteropolitana Cosme & Peixinho, 2007: 173.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA 500-POR.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador (<10 m depth, Cosme & Peixinho, 2007
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Tribrachium Weltner, 1882
For synonyms see Uriz (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882 (by
monotypy).
" Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882
Tribrachion schmidtii Weltner, 1882: 50.
43
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Tribrachium schmidtii, Sollas, 1888: 154; Wilson, 1902: 385;
Hechtel, 1976: 254; Uriz, 2002a: 124; Muricy et al., 2006:
115; Monteiro, 2007a: 34.
Tribrachuim schmidtii, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16
(misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1889.1.71d (cf. Uriz, 2002a;
Fig. 6B).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (BAHIA, ESPÍRITO
SANTO or RIO DE JANEIRO STATE; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]). Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador
(12.6–36 m depth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Uriz,
2002a [description]; Monteiro, 2007a [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not
informed (Monteiro, 2007a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (“off Morro Light”, Atlantic coast;
Weltner, 1882), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902).
REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the new type locality (Salvador)
was referred to as “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew
(cf. Introduction). (2) The Challenger specimens (Sollas,
1888) are deposited at BMNH 1889.1.1.71.
Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 20
! Caminus Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Caminus vulcani Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy).
" Caminus sphaeroconia Sollas, 1886
Caminus sphaeroconia Sollas, 1886a: 196; Sollas, 1888: 214;
Wilson, 1902: 386; Uliczka, 1929: 52; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 17; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 16.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.78 (three specimens;
Fig. 6C, D), 1894.11.16.297. Schizosyntype USNM 34661.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Barbados
(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), U.S. Virgin Islands (Uliczka,
1929).
REMARKS: The city closest to the type locality (Salvador) was
referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction).
! Erylus Gray, 1867
44
For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Stelletta mammillaris Schmidt, 1862 (by
monotypy).
" Erylus alleni de Laubenfels, 1934
Erylus alleni de Laubenfels, 1934: 7; Mothes et al., 1999: 372;
Mothes et al., 2003: 66; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Mothes
et al., 2006c: 64; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.
Erylus transiens sensu Muricy et al., 2008: 46 (non Stelletta
transiens Weltner, 1882; non Erylus transiens sensu
Topsent, 1892a from Azores).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22268 (Fig. 6E).
Schizoholotype MCN 3449 (slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off
Serrano do Maranhão (00o22’00”S–44o12’00”W, 43 m
depth; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010
[checklist]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]). South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Off Mostardas (31°20’S–48°40’W, 150 m
depth, Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Mothes et al.,
2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).
Off Tramandaí (30°25’S–48°48’W, 165 m depth, Mothes
et al., 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934).
REMARKS: The name Erylus alleni is preferred over E. transiens
until the type specimens of Weltner (1882) and de
Laubenfels (1934) are carefully compared and their
synonymy is confirmed or rejected definitely (see van
Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Mothes et al., 1999; Moraes &
Muricy, 2007b; Vieira et al., 2010). For the time being, we
decided to include under the name E. alleni the Brazilian
records of both species.
" Erylus almirante Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010
Erylus sp., Muricy et al., 2006: 115 (in part).
Erylus almirante Vieira et al., 2010: 439.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6599-G. Paratypes MNRJ
6599-A–F; MNRJ 6594-A, B.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount (22.382°S–37.588°W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,
22.382°S–37.588°W, 250-500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of Sta. C6-Y2
as being 270 m.

" Erylus corneus Boury-Esnault, 1973
Erylus corneus Boury-Esnault, 1973: 268; Hechtel, 1976: 253;
Mothes et al., 1999: 375; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 975.
Schizoholotype MCN 2505 (slide).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S–
34o30’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description];
Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as the
holotype by monotypy the single original specimen
deposited in the MNHN collection (erroneously called
schizotype by Moraes & Muricy, 2007b).
" Erylus diminutus Mothes, Lerner & Silva, 1999
Erylus oxyaster sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 65 (non
Erylus oxyaster Lendenfeld, 1910; taxonomic decision by
Mothes et al., 1999).
Erylus diminutus Mothes et al., 1999: 371, Hajdu et al., 2004:
184; Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354;
Vieira et al., 2010: 438.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 347. Schizoholotype
ZMAPOR unregistered (slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Mostardas (30º50’S–49º13’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Off Mostardas (R/V Prof. W. Besnard sta. 401,
30°50’S–49°13’W, 183 m depth; Mothes de Moraes,
1978 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Off
Tavares (REVIZEE Sul sta. 25, 31o17’S–49o42’W, 145 m
depth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]). SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off Laguna
(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6816, 29º33.25’S–47º58.63’W, 366 m
depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Erylus fluminense Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010
Erylus sp. 2, Muricy et al., 2006: 115.
Erylus fluminense Vieira et al., 2010: 442.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3252.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount (22.376°S–37.659°W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. 37F,
22.376°S–37.659°W, 380-500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
Taxonomic List
[faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION:Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of sta. 37F as
552 m.
" Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886
Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886a: 195; Sollas, 1888: 209; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 17; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 267; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975: 4; Hechtel, 1976:
253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 181; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 127;
Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362;
Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 18; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
76; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Mothes et al., 1999: 375;
Santos et al., 1999: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Moraes
et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 472; Moraes et al., 2006: 167;
Muricy et al., 2008: 45; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 25; Vieira
et al., 2010: 438.
Erylus clavatus Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 80; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 77.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.77 (Fig. 6F).
Schizoholotypes MCN 3769 (Mothes et al., 1999),
BMNH 1894.11.16.290, 1894.11.16.291 (slides) (cf.
Cárdenas et al., 2009).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Vieira et al., 2010
[checklist]). Salvador (14-40 m depth, Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]). CEARÁ STATE: Off Beberibe
(03o54’S–37o38’W, 44 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999
[description]; REVIZEE NE sta. 208, 3o54.5172’S–
37o38.0082’W, 43.5 m depth, Santos et al., 1999
[faunistics]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off Araioses
(02o07’35”S–41o55’46”W, 72 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999
[description]). PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (Calypso
sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Cárdenas et al.,
2009 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993
[description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];
Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta.
213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth, Santos et
al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off
Guarapari (20°36’S–40°23’W, 3-12 m depth; Solé-Cava et
45
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
al., 1981 [description]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]).
South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Mostardas (31o02’S–49o37’W, 154 m depth; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]). Off
Tramandaí (30o25’S–48o48’W, 165 m depth; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Barbados,
Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Panama,
Bonaire, Curaçao, Venezuela, Mexico (Wiedenmayer,
1977; Alcolado, 2002; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009).
REMARKS: The city nearest to the type locality (Salvador)
was called “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction).
" Erylus latens Moraes & Muricy, 2007
Erylus cf. formosus sensu Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 63 (non
Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886a).
Erylus sp. nov., Moraes et al., 2006: 167.
Erylus latens Moraes & Muricy, 2007b: 471; Moraes et al.,
2009: 163; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7397. Paratypes MNRJ 3571,
3572, 4742, 4748, 7375, 7399, 7407, 7409, 7419.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade
Island.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (3-16 m depth; Moraes & Muricy,
2007b [original description]; Moraes et al., 2009
[ecology]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island (15-25
m depth, Moraes & Muricy, 2007b [original description];
Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Erylus revizee Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010
Erylus sp., Muricy et al., 2006: 115 (in part).
Erylus revizee Vieira et al., 2010: 444.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6420-B. Paratypes MNRJ
6420-A, C, 6594-C.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount (22°22’56”S–37°35’15”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-
Y2, 22°22’56”S–37°35’15”W, 250-500 m depth, Muricy
et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of sta. C6-Y2 as
being 270 m.
46
" Erylus soesti Mothes & Lerner, 2001
Erylus topsenti sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1981: 106 (non
Erylus topsenti von Lendenfeld, 1903: 87).
Erylus soesti Mothes & Lerner, 2001: 84; Hajdu et al., 2004:
184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira et al., 2010: 438.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 352.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Ilhabela
(25o01’S–44o45’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Ilhabela (25o01’S–44o45’W, 918 m depth; Mothes
de Moraes, 1981 [description]; Mothes & Lerner, 2001
[original description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]).
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off Laguna
(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6816, 29º33.25’S–47º58.63’W, 366 m
depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Mothes de Moraes (1981) reported the collection
site of this species as being in Rio de Janeiro State, but
Mothes & Lerner (2001) corrected it to São Paulo State.
" Erylus toxiformis Mothes & Lerner, 1999
Erylus toxiformis Mothes & Lerner, 1999: 30; Vieira et al.,
2010: 438.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1599.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W, 300 m depth; Mothes
& Lerner, 1999 [original description]; Vieira et al., 2010
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Geodia Lamarck, 1815
For synonyms see Uriz (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 (by monotypy).
" Geodia australis Silva & Mothes, 2000
Geodia eosaster sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 61 (non
Cydonium eosaster Sollas, 1886a).
Geodia australis Silva & Mothes, 2000: 33; Mothes et al., 2003:
64; Mothes et al., 2006c: 60; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 330. Paratypes MHNG-INVE
26564, ZMAPOR 13418. Schizoparatypes MCN 331, 332
(slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Santa
Vitória do Palmar (33°29’S–50°44’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Off Mostardas (R/V Prof. W. Besnard sta. 444,
31°30’00”S–49°47’00”W, 284 m depth; Silva & Mothes,
2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c

[diagnosis]). Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (Prof. W.
Besnard sta. 458, 33°29’S–50°44’W, 207 m depth;
Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]; Silva & Mothes,
2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Geodia corticostylifera Hajdu, Muricy, Custódio,
Russo & Peixinho, 1992
Geodia vosmaeri sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel,
1976: 244 [in part] (non Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a,
Geodia vosmaeri sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18 [=
Geodia neptuni]).
Geodia nsp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
Geodia corticostylifera Hajdu et al., 1992: 206; Muricy et
al., 1993: 429; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 55; Muricy &
Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Santos et al., 2002b:
389; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004:
590; Rangel et al., 2005: 208; Clavico et al., 2006: 481;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 37; Rangel et al., 2006: 2048;
Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricy
et al., 2008: 47; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 37; Martins et al.,
2010: 2; Menezes et al., 2010: 467; Ortega et al., 2010: 2;
Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 3098. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 2625, 2906 (Fig. 6G), 3091, 3714.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pedra
da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al.,
2007 [pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Guarapari (Hajdu et al., 1992 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Hajdu et al., 1992 [original
description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Arraial
do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu et
al., 1992 [original description]; Muricy et al., 1993
[pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];
Clavico et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical
ecology]). Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta.
100, 22o12’S–40o59’W, 39 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu et
Taxonomic List
al., 1992 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004
[ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos
et al., 2010b [microbiology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed (Rangel et al., 2005 [pharmacology];
Rangel et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Ilhabela (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et
al., 1999 [faunistics]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology];
Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; 5-10 m depth, Martins et al., 2010
[microbiology]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology];
Ortega et al., 2010 [microbiology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Venezuela, Trinidad y Tobago
(cf. Hajdu et al., 1992), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest,
1996).
" Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815
Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815: 334; Topsent, 1918: 611;
Topsent, 1930: 3; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 126; de Laubenfels,
1953: 551; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2 (in part, from São
Paulo State only); Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17 (quoting
de Laubenfels, 1956); Hechtel, 1965: 68; Hechtel, 1976:
253 (quoting de Laubenfels, 1956); Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:
76; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 12; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 76; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Rangel et al., 2001: 36;
Alcolado, 2002: 57; Uriz, 2002b: 138; Prado et al., 2004:
129; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 38; Muricy et al., 2008: 48;
Cárdenas et al., 2009: 28 (non Geodia gibberosa sensu
de Laubenfels, 1956 (in part) from Pernambuco State,
quoted by Mello-Leitão et al. (1961), Hechtel (1976),
Santos et al. (1999), Santos et al., 2002b [= G. glariosa;
cf. Silva et al., 2007]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.T 608 (cf. Cárdenas et
al., 2009).
TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Itaparica
(Cárdenas et al., 2009). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Tamandaré
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue,
REVIZEE NE sta. 215, 4o38.4941’S–36o42.9565’W, 77.5
m depth, Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al.,
2008 [description]). Southeast Region: STATE NOT
INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado
et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Camburi (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu,
47
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião
(de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda,
Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, French
Guiana, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, U.S.A.
(Georgia, Florida, Texas, North Carolina), U.S. Virgin
Islands (Lamarck, 1815; Topsent, 1930; de Laubenfels,
1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; van
Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler
et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Uriz, 2002b; Cárdenas et al.,
2009). ?West Africa (São Tomé; Topsent, 1918).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil
was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only
“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande
do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the
label of the specimen YPM 8973. (2) Cárdenas et al.
(2009) reported this species from “Veracruz”, which is
located in Itaparica Island. (3) Junqueira et al. (2004)
recorded Geodia gibberosa from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro
State; however, this record is not considered valid here
because it was based on unpublished academic studies.
" Geodia glariosa (Sollas, 1886)
Cydonium glariosus Sollas, 1886a: 196; Sollas, 1888: 223;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975: 7.
Geodia gibberosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 4 (in part; from
Pernambuco State only) (non Geodia gibberosa Lamarck,
1815 sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 2 [from São Paulo State],
Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) [quoting de Laubenfels, 1956],
Hechtel (1976) [in part; quoting de Laubenfels, 1956],
Santos et al. (1999, 2002b) [quoting de Laubenfels, 1956]
[= G. glariosa; cf. Silva et al., 2007]).
Cydonium gloriosus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18
(misspelling).
Geodia glariosa, Hechtel, 1976: 254; Silva & Mothes, 2000:
47; Mothes et al., 2003: 65; Mothes et al., 2006c: 63; Silva
et al., 2007: 594; Muricy et al., 2008: 51.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.85-86 (Fig. 6H).
Schizosyntype MCN 3634 (slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Canavieiras (Una, REVIZEE sta. C5-5R,
15.568°S–38.83°W, 20 m depth, Silva et al., 2007
[description]). Porto Seguro (Silva et al., 2007
[description]). Prado (Cumuruxatiba, Silva et al., 2007
[description]). Off Salvador (13-46 m depth, Sollas,
1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, 0-1
48
m depth, Silva et al., 2007 [description]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Silva et
al., 2007 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Santa
Cruz (Silva et al., 2007 [description]). SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião (Silva et al., 2007 [description]).
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off Imbituba
(28.1603oS–48.4721oW, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de
Moraes, 1975 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]; Silva et al., 2007 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the type locality (Salvador)
was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew
(cf. Introduction). (2) The coordinates of the record
from Imbituba were deduced from those presented by
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes (1975) and Silva et
al. (2007): 28o16’03”S–48o47’21”W (an inland point near
Imbituba), which are here interpreted as misprinted. The
record from off Canavieiras (15º34’08”S–38º49’81”W
[sic]; Silva et al., 2007) was corrected according to the
location of REVIZEE sta. C5-5R given by Lavrado
(2006).
" Geodia neptuni (Sollas, 1886)
Synops neptuni Sollas, 1886a: 198; Sollas, 1888: 227; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 17.
Sidonops neptuni, Sollas, 1889: 276; Uriz, 2002b: 140.
Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a: 197; Sollas, 1888: 234
(taxonomic decision: Wiedenmayer, 1977; Hajdu et al.,
1992).
Geodia vosmaeri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1976:
244 [in part] (non Geodia vosmaeri sensu Boury-Esnault,
1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976: 244 [in part] [= Geodia
corticostylifera]).
Geodia neptuni, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976:
253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:
75; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
76; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Moraes
et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 50.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.88. Schizoholotype
UFRJPOR 3728 (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ALAGOAS STATE: Off Maragogi
(09o09’S–034o53’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:
ALAGOAS STATE: Off Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122a,
09o05’S–34o50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original

description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
Off Maragogi (Challenger sta. 122b, 09o09’S–034o53’W,
58 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]). PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (Calypso
sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy
et al., 2008 [description]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali,
1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Venezuela
(Alvarez et al., 1990).
REMARKS: (1) Sollas (1886, 1888) reported Synops neptuni
from “Off Barra Grande”, which is a beach in Maragogi,
Alagoas State. It should not be confused with Barra
Grande municipality at Maraú Peninsula, Bahia State.
(2) Sollas (1888: 234) stated the collection site of Synops
vosmaeri as being “Station 122, Off Barra Grande,
September 10, 1873; lat. 9°5’S., long. 34°50’W; depth,
350 fathoms”, but in page 356 he stated the locality
as “Station 122c. Off Barra Grande, Brazil, September
10, 1873; lat. 9°10’ S., long. 34°49’W; depth, 400 fathoms”.
Herein we consider the first locality as the correct
one. (3) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported
this species from Pernambuco State. (4) We preferred
not to follow here the classification of the Systema
Porifera as Sidonops neptuni because the distinction
of Geodia and Sidonops is based only on the type of
inhalant and exhalant orifices (uniporal vs. cribriporal;
Uriz, 2002b), which can be difficult to determine in
some cases.
" Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965
Geodia (Cydonium) papyracea Hechtel, 1965: 71; Hechtel,
1976: 242.
Geodia sp., Burton, 1940: 97 (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992).
Geodia papyracea, Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: 126;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 76; Rützler et al., 2000: 234;
Silva & Mothes, 2000: 31; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Santos et
al., 2002b: 389; Silva et al., 2004: 607; Diaz, 2005: 472;
Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 32.
Geodia cf. papyracea, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5045 (slides deposited in
MCN 4043). Paratypes YPM 5309-5311 (slides of YPM
5310 deposited in MCN 3152). Schizoparatype USNM
24496 (Fig. 7A, B).
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.
Taxonomic List
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(0-1 m depth, Silva et al., 2004 [description]; Cedro et
al., 2007 [ecology]). Passo de Camaragibe (Silva et al.,
2004 [description]). BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed
(Burton, 1940 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Silva et al., 2004
[description]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]);
Silva et al., 2004 [description]). Tamandaré (Muricy
& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Natal (Silva
et al., 2004 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Paraty (1 m depth; Silva et al., 2004
[description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião (0-3 m
depth, Silva et al., 2004 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Colombia
(Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984), Cuba (Alcolado,
2002), Curaçao (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009), Jamaica
(Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama
(Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009).
REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record from
Recife was not stated by the author; it was inferred from
the label of specimen YPM 8956.
" Geodia riograndensis Silva & Mothes, 2000
Geodia riograndensis Silva & Mothes, 2000: 40; Mothes et al.,
2003: 65; Mothes et al., 2006c: 62; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007:
354.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1591. Schizoholotype
MHNG-INVE 26566. Paratype MCN 3452.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Off Mostardas (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 2-26,
31°05’S–49°31’W, 300 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000
[original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
Off São José do Norte (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 1-5,
32°24.55’S–50°14.85’W, 200 m depth; Silva & Mothes,
2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Geodia splendida Silva & Mothes, 2000
Geodia splendida Silva & Mothes, 2000: 36; Mothes et al.,
2003: 64; Mothes et al., 2006c: 61; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007:
354.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2355. Schizoholotype
MHNG-INVE 26565.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Tavares
(32°00’S–50°00’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Tavares (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 10, 32°00’S–50°00’W,
49
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
520 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description];
Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]). SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not
informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973
Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973: 268; Hechtel, 1976:
253; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999 (Fig.
7C).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife
(8o15’S–34o42’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o15’S–34o42’W; Boury-
Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as the
holotype by monotypy the single original specimen
deposited in the MNHN collection.
Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 8
! Characella Sollas, 1886a
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Characella aspera Sollas, 1886a (by original
designation).
" Characella aspera Sollas, 1886
Characella aspera Sollas, 1886a: 187; Sollas, 1888: 92; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Maldonado,
2002: 148; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.
Normania goliath Sollas, 1886a: 186 (cf. Sollas, 1888;
Maldonado, 2002).
Poecillastra aspera, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 38.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.40-41 (Fig. 7D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ALAGOAS STATE: Off Japaratinga
(09°05’S–034°50’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122a, 09°05’S–034°50’W,
640 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Maldonado, 2002
[description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988).
REMARKS: (1) Maldonado (2002) indicated the slides BMNH
50
1894.11.16.149-150 as the holotype. The Challenger,
however, collected two fragments of this species, which
are still deposited at the BMNH and should therefore
be designated as syntypes (BMNH 1889.1.1.40-41).
(2) Sollas (1886a: 187) indicated the coordinates of
Challenger station 122a as “lat. 2o05’S, long. 34o50’W”.
We interpreted this as a missprint of “lat. 9o05’S, long.
34o50’W”, which are the coordinates of this station
indicated everywhere else.
" Characella capitolii Mothes, Maldonado, Eckert,
Lerner, Campos & Carraro, 2007
Characella capitolii Mothes et al., 2007b: 478.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 6926.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Tavares
(31o08.86’S–49o32.04’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: SouthRegion: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Tavares (31o08.86’S–49o32.04’W, 170-173 m depth;
Mothes et al., 2007b).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection site were
deduced from those originally published (31o08’86”S–
49o32’04”W), which were obviously wrong.
" Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876)
Stelletta pachastrelloides Carter, 1876: 403.
Characella pachastrelloides, Sollas, 1888: 407; Topsent, 1904:
95; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 46.
Characella sollasi Topsent, 1890: 70; Topsent, 1892a: 40.
Poecillastra sollasi, Alcolado, 2002: 57; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: “Near Cape St. Vincent” (Porcupine sta. 25, 684
m depth [approximately 56o45’N–13o40’W, 370 km West
of Scotland; cf. Carpenter et al., 1869]).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Peruíbe (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6650, 25º57.39’S–45º34.25’W,
417 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic, Azores, Canary Islands, NW
France, Portugal, N Spain (Carter, 1876; Topsent, 1890,
1892a), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al.,
1994b), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: Mothes et al. (2007b) expressed serious doubts
about the identity of the Brazilian record of this species
and strongly advised its revision.
! Dercitus Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Halina bucklandi Bowerbank, 1858.

# Dercitus (Stoeba) Sollas, 1888
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Samus simplex Carter, 1880 (by original
designation).
" Dercitus (Stoeba) latex (Moraes & Muricy, 2007)
Stoeba sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 168 (in part; only from
Fernando de Noronha and São Pedro e São Paulo
archipelagoes, non Stoeba sp. n. from Atol das Rocas).
Stoeba latex Moraes & Muricy, 2007a: 1388; Moraes et al.,
2009: 163.
Dercitus (Stoeba) latex, van Soest et al., 2010: 37.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 8559. Paratypes MNRJ 7865,
8560, UFRJPOR 3923.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]; Moraes & Muricy, 2007a [original
description]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]; Moraes & Muricy, 2007a [original
description]; Moraes et al., 2009 [ecology]; van Soest et
al., 2010 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The specimen from Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al.,
2006) was misidentified; it differs from Dercitus (Stoeba)
latex by the absence of sanidasters and probaly represents
an undescribed species.
# Dercitus (Halinastra) de Laubenfels, 1936
Halinastra de Laubenfels, 1936.
TYPE SPECIES: Pachastrella exostotica Schmidt, 1868 (by original
designation).
" Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986)
Pachataxa lutea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 74; Moraes et al., 2003:
17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Moraes, 2009: 361.
Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, van Soest et al., 2010: 47.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47681.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: La Parguera.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).
REMARKS: van Soest et al. (2010) identified a specimen from
Atol das Rocas as Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus in p. 47,
but remarked that the differences to the Puerto Rico
Taxonomic List
specimens could justify the separation of a new species;
later in the same paper (van Soest et al., 2010: 79), they
referred to the Atol das Rocas specimens as “Dercitus
(Halinastra) sp. aff. luteus”.
! Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (by
monotypy).
" Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868: 15; Lendenfeld,
1903: 75; Sollas, 1888: 110; Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 68;
van Soest, 1993: 210; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 49;
Maldonado, 2002: 152; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007: 355.
Pachastrella abyssi Schmidt, 1870: 64.
Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902: 227.
Pachastrella isorrhopa Kirkpatrick, 1902: 228 (synonyms
partly after Maldonado, 2002).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 10.1.1.854.
TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria: Algier.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Ubatuba (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6665, 24º20.844’S–
44º09.913’W, 258 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]).
South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Tavares
(31º31’S–49º47’W, 284 m depth; Mothes de Moraes,
1978 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Portugal, Spain, France, South
Africa, Tristan da Cunha, U.S.A. (Florida, Gulf of Mexico),
Antarctic (Schmidt, 1868; Sollas, 1888; Kirkpatrick, 1902;
Lendenfeld, 1903), Tropical West Africa (van Soest,
1993), Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-
Esnault et al., 1994b).
! Thenea Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Tethea muricata Bowerbank, 1858 (by
monotypy).
" Thenea fenestrata (Schmidt, 1880)
Tisiphonia fenestrata Schmidt, 1880: 71.
Thenea fenestrata, Sollas, 1888: 71; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:
15; Hechtel, 1976: 256; van Soest, 1993: 213; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified by
Schmidt, from the type localities: USNM 983, MZUS
PO-204 (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: St. Vincent and the Grenadines (Bequia) and
U.S.A. (off Florida Keys; 24o36’N–80o05’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
51
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Maceió (Challenger sta. 123, 10o09’S–35o11’W, 3136 m
depth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: St. Vincent and the Grenadines, U.S.A.
(off Florida), West Africa (Schmidt, 1880). Tropical West
Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: The locality of collection stated by Sollas (1888),
“Off Macio”, is interpreted here as a misspelling of
“Maceió”, the capital of Alagoas State.
! Vulcanella Sollas, 1886a
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Vulcanella horrida (Schmidt, 1870) (by original
designation).
# Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886a
For synonyms see Maldonado (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Vulcanella (Vulcanella) horrida (Schmidt, 1870).
" Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribrifera Sollas, 1886
Vulcanella cribrifera Sollas, 1886a: 186.
Sphinctrella cribrifera, Sollas, 1888: 87; Lendenfeld, 1903: 71;
Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 71; van Soest, 1993: 213.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.39.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (30º50’S–49º13’W, 183 m depth; Mothes
de Moraes, 1978 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Sollas, 1886a, 1888;
Lendenfeld, 1903; van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: Subgeneric assignment by Maldonado (2002).
Family Thrombidae Sollas, 1888
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Thrombus Sollas, 1886b
TYPE SPECIES: Corticium abyssi (Carter, 1873b) (by subsequent
designation; Uriz, 2002c).
" Thrombus kittoni (Carter, 1874)
Corticium kittoni Carter, 1874: 207.
Thrombus kittoni, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 40; Menegola
et al., 2009: 1623.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Panama: Colón (Atlantic Coast).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Maraú
(14o04’49”S–38o49’36”W, 62 m depth; Menegola et al.,
2009 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988),
52
Panama (Atlantic coast; Carter, 1874).
! Yucatania Gómez, 2006
TYPE SPECIES: Yucatania clavus Gómez, 2006: 341 (by
original designation) [junior synonym of Yucatania
sphaeroidocladus (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999)].
" Yucatania sphaeroidocladus (Hartman & Hubbard,
1999)
Thrombus sphaeroidocladus Hartman & Hubbard, 1999: 1.
Yucatania clavus Gómez, 2006: 341.
Yucatania sphaeroidocladus, Menegola et al., 2009: 1623.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM IZ-9361.
TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad: Monos Island.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Camaçari
(12o47’05.0”S–38o06’38.4”W, 26 m depth; Menegola et
al., 2009 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula, Gómez,
2006), Trinidad (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999).
ORDER CHONDROSIDA BOURY-ESNAULT &
LOPÈS, 1985
For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).
Family Chondrillidae Gray, 1872a
For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Chondrilla Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862.
" Chondrilla nucula complex Schmidt, 1862
Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862: 38; Schulze, 1877: 24; Carter,
1890: 564; Topsent, 1918: 601; de Laubenfels, 1950a:
133; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:
15; Hechtel, 1965: 74; Hechtel, 1969: 4; Boury-Esnault,
1973: 272; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Collette & Rützler, 1977:
309; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 186; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 128;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 99; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210;
Muricy, 1989: 351; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy et al.,
1991: 1187; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 21; van Soest, 1993:
212; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rocha, 1995: 77; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998: 77; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Klautau
et al., 1999: 1415; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rützler et
al., 2000: 234; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 59;
Boury-Enault, 2002a: 294; Sarmento & Correia, 2002:
221; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:
682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 471; Dresch et
al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2008:

63; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:
1087; Lira et al., 2010: 158.
Chondrilla cf. nucula, Klautau et al., 1994b: 401.
Chondrilla aff. nucula, Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Moraes et
al., 2003: 17; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Santos et al., 2004:
590; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Cavalcanti et al., 2007: 1728;
Cedro et al., 2007: 234.
Complexo Chondrilla nucula, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 42;
Muricy, 2007: 37.
Chondrilla nucula complex, Andréa et al., 2007: 133.
Chondrilla sp. B, Vilanova et al., 2007: 654.
Chondrilla spp. A, B, and D, Klautau et al., 1999: 1419.
Chondrilla spp. 3-4, Zilberberg et al., 2006: 213.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype LMJG 15018. Paratype LMJG
15687.
TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Quarnero.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia,
2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia
& Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Zilberberg et al., 2006
[genetics]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]). CEARÁ STATE:
Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). PARAÍBA STATE: Locality not informed
(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890
[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes &
Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al.,
2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Off Recife (Lira et
al., 2010 [faunistics]; Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy
et al., 2008 [description]). SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra
dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 32
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava
et al., 1981 [description]). Trindade Island (Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-47F, 20.616oS–
34.951oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics];
Muricy, 2007 [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]).
Taxonomic List
Armação dos Búzios (Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics];
Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). Arraial do Cabo
(Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];
Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al.,
1994b [cell biology]; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Zilberberg et al., 2006
[genetics]; Cavalcanti et al., 2007 [description]; Vilanova
et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). Itacuruçá (Klautau et al.,
1999 [genetics]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago,
Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). São
Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology];
Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004
[interactive key]). Ubatuba (Picinguaba; Klautau et
al., 1999 [genetics]; Zilberberg et al., 2006 [genetics];
Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). South Region:
PARANÁ STATE: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, Klautau et al.,
1999 [genetics]). SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not
informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: The species complex is cosmopolitan
(cf. Klautau et al., 1999): Australia, South Africa,
Mediterranean, Adriatic (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973),
Caribbean: Barbados, Bonaire, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica,
Panama, Puerto Rico, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida) (de
Laubenfels, 1950a; Hechtel, 1965, 1969; Wiedenmayer,
1977; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;
Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al.,
2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005); Tropical West Africa
(van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: (1) This is a complex of morphologically
indistinguishable species, with at least four biological
species in Brazil, all of which still wait for a formal
description (Klautau et al., 1999). The original nominal
species occurs only in the Mediterranean and nearest NE
Atlantic (Boury-Esnault, 2002a). (2) Hechtel (1976) did
not state the precise locality of his record from Recife;
it was inferred from the label of specimen YPM 8956.
(3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Chondrilla nucula
from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record
is not considered valid here because it was based on
unpublished academic works.
! Chondrosia Nardo, 1847
For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 (by
monotypy).
" Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870)
Cellulophana collectrix Schmidt, 1870: 25.
Chondrosia collectrix, de Laubenfels, 1936: 183; de Laubenfels,
53
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
1950a: 135; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 189; van Soest, 1981: 7;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 99; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Mothes &
Bastian, 1993: 21; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 79; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Alcolado,
2002: 59; Esteves et al., 2002: 3; Santos et al., 2002b: 390;
Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz,
2005: 471; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166;
Silva et al., 2006: 137; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46.
Chondrosia sp., Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 01 (by monotypy).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010
[ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed
(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006
[pharmacology]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
(Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];
Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b
[ecology]; Esteves et al., 2002 [description]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico; Bermuda (de Laubenfels,
1950a; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002),
U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1950a; Schmahl,
1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000),
Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (van Soest, 1981).
ORDER DENDROCERATIDA MINCHIN, 1900
Family Darwinellidae Merejkowsky, 1879
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 5
! Aplysilla Schulze, 1878
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (by subsequent
designation; Topsent, 1905).
" Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876)
Verongia rosea Barrois, 1876: 57.
Aplysilla rosea, Lendenfeld, 1889: 708; Muricy et al., 1991:
1187; Carballo et al., 1994: 49; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160;
Bergquist & Cook, 2002a: 1069; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:
682; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 78; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Bergquist & Cook, 2002a).
54
NW France: Saint-Vaast de la Hougue (English
TYPE LOCALITY:
Channel).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Ribeiro et al.,
2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação
dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago,
Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Considered as cosmopolitan (cf. Bergquist
& Cook, 2002a). NW France (Barrois, 1876), Gibraltar
(Carballo et al., 1994).
REMARKS: (1) Aplysilla rosea s.l. is probably a complex of
cryptic species. Its Brazilian records are questionable
and need revision. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded
Aplysilla rosea from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; this
record however is not considered valid here because it
was based on an unpublished academic work.
! Chelonaplysilla de Laubenfels, 1948
TYPE SPECIES: Chelonaplysilla noevus (Carter, 1876) (by original
designation).
" Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967
Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967: 96; van Soest, 1978:
71; Zea, 1987: 50; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Muricy
et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Klautau et al.,
1994b: 401; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Diaz et al., 2004:
5; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Ferreira et
al., 2006: 1343; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 79; Martins et al.,
2010: 2; Ortega et al., 2010: 2 (non Megalopastas erectus
Row, 1911: 360 [senior homonym]).
Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta sensu Rangel et al., 2001: 36 (non
Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta sensu Hajdu et al., 1999: 23;
Prado et al., 2004: 129; Moraes et al., 2006: 166).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype HUJ-II-Pori-AZ 12 (cf. Ben-Eliahu
& Golani, 2008).
TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt: Suez (Red Sea).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Vilanova et
al., 2004 [ecology]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et
al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];

Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela
(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Martins et al., 2010 [microbiology];
Ortega et al., 2010 [microbiology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Diaz et al., 2004),
Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Panama (Diaz, 2005),
Colombia (Zea, 1987), Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest,
1978). E Mediterranean: Israel (Tsurnamal, 1967).
REMARKS: This is a junior homonym of C. erecta (Row, 1911,
as Megalopastas). Bergquist (1980) suggested the two C.
erecta may concern the same species, but we prefer to
keep them as separate until a detailed revision of both
type specimens is done.
! Darwinella Müller, 1865
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Darwinia muelleri Schultze, 1865 (by original
designation).
" Darwinella australiensis Carter, 1885
Darwinella australiensis Carter, 1885: 202; Lendenfeld, 1889:
679; Topsent, 1905: 176; Lévi, 1952: 38; Pronzato, 1975:
8; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 133.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: South Australia: Port Phillip Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al.,
1981 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Australia (Carter, 1885; Lendenfeld,
1889), West Coast of Africa (Senegal; Lévi, 1952),
Mediterranean (Pronzato, 1975).
REMARKS: The species was originally described from Australia.
The record from Brazil was probably misidentified and
its identity should be checked.
" Darwinella gardineri Topsent, 1905
Darwinella gardineri Topsent, 1905: 179; Pronzato, 1975: 13;
Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Maldives (Indian Ocean).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indian Ocean (Maldives; Topsent, 1905);
Red Sea; Mediterranean Sea (Italy; Pronzato, 1975).
REMARKS: The record of D. gardineri from Brazil was probably
misidentified and its identity should be checked.
Taxonomic List
" Darwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865)
Darwinia mülleri Schultze, 1865: 6.
Darwinella aurea, Müller, 1865: 344; Lendenfeld, 1889: 681;
?Row, 1911: 361.
Darwinella mulleri, Topsent, 1905: 175; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961: 19; Pronzato, 1975: 7; Bergquist & Cook,
2002a: 1069.
Darwinella mülleri, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 38; ?de Laubenfels,
1953: 516.
Darwinella muelleri, van Soest, 1993: 210.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Florianópolis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Florianópolis (Schultze, 1865 [original description];
Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Topsent, 1905 [revision];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Pronzato, 1975
[revision]; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a [revision]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a). Tropical
West Africa (van Soest, 1993). (?) Red Sea (Row, 1911).
Adriatic, NE Atlantic (Spain; cf. Lendenfeld, 1889).
REMARKS: (1) Most authors (e.g., Schultze, 1865; Lendenfeld,
1889; Topsent, 1905; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961;
Pronzato, 1975; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a) referred to
the type locality as Destêrro, which is the old name of
Florianópolis, the capital of Santa Catarina State. (2) The
record of this species from Florida (de Laubenfels, 1953)
was probably misidentified (cf. van Soest, 1978).
Family Dictyodendrillidae Bergquist, 1980
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Igernella Topsent, 1905
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864 (by original designation).
" Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 106.
Darwinella joyeuxy Topsent, 1889: 17.
Igernella joyeuxi, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 287; Hechtel, 1976:
253; Santos et al., 2002b: 398.
Igernella notabilis, van Soest, 1978: 77; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:
181; van Soest, 1993: 212; Uriz & Maldonado, 1996: 154;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Muricy & Moraes, 1998:
216; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Bergquist & Cook, 2002b: 1075;
Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Moraes et al., 2006: 167.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1044. Paralectotype
Mus.Torino-POR 43. Schizoparalectotypes USNM
31011, MNHN.D.NBE 1301, BMNH 1928.11.12.38.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
55
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 25,
8o22’S–34o44’W, 38-52 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et
al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (van
Soest, 1978; Uriz & Maldonado, 1996), Mexico (Topsent,
1889), Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998). Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: Uriz & Maldonado (1996) expressed their doubts
whether the specimens described by Boury-Esnault
(1973) from Brazil belong to I. notabilis or to I. vansoesti
Uriz & Maldonado, 1996 and recommended their
revision.
ORDER DICTYOCERATIDA MINCHIN, 1900
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002b).
Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 6
! Dysidea Johnston, 1842
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1818 (by subsequent
designation; Burton, 1934).
" Dysidea avara (Schmidt, 1862)
Spongelia avara Schmidt, 1862: 29.
Dysidea avara, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Hechtel, 1976: 254;
Carballo et al., 1994: 48.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified by
Schmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1867.7.26.82,
1876.7.26.96 (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Sibenik (“Sebenico”) and Zadar
(“Zara”).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18o51’S–39o08’W, 49 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian
Ocean (Boury-Esnault, 1973), Gibraltar (Carballo et al.,
1994), Adriatic Sea: Croatia (Schmidt, 1862).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record of Dysidea avara was
considered doubtful by Vilanova & Muricy (2001) and
needs revision.
56
" Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936
Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936: 28, de Laubenfels, 1950a:
25; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 180; Zea, 1987: 46; Schmahl,
1990: 379; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Vilanova & Muricy,
2001: 6; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Sarmento & Correia, 2002:
221; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004:
652; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 81; Cedro et al., 2007: 236.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22408 (Fig. 7E).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007
[ecology]). BAHIA STATE: Salvador (Vilanova & Muricy,
2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Vilanova
& Muricy, 2001 [description]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Vilanova et
al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Armação dos Búzios (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001
[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Arraial do Cabo (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro
(Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004
[ecology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Vilanova &
Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). São Sebastião (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001
[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Ubatuba (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Colombia (Zea, 1987; cf. Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), U.S.A. (Florida;
Little, 1963; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas, Puerto Rico
(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest,
1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels,
1950a), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000); Tropical West Africa
(van Soest, 1993).
" Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818)
Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1818: 114.
Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ramosa sensu Poléjaeff, 1884:
42 (non Spongelia pallescens sensu Schmidt, 1862 =
Dysidea pallescens).
Dysidea fragilis, de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 18; Hechtel, 1965: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Boury-
Esnault, 1973: 288; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van Soest, 1993:
22; Carballo et al., 1994: 46; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
97; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Cook & Bergquist, 2002a: 1062;
Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (non

Dysidea fragilis sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Serejo,
1998: 363; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 [= Dysidea robusta
Vilanova & Muricy, 2001]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1830.7.3.447 (slide BMNH
1925.11.1.1034).
TYPE LOCALITY: England: Devon.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [description]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64, 13o18’S–
38o42’W; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu
(Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Calypso
sta. 2, 7o29’S–34o29’W, 42 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto
de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 29, 8o28’S–34o55’W, 25 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta.
8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et
al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: England, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic coasts of
Europe and Mediterranean (Cook & Bergquist, 2002a),
Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994), U.S.A. (Florida; de
Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Hechtel,
1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002),
Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species is probably
a complex of cryptic species. The Brazilian records
of Dysidea fragilis are highly questionable and need
revision. They may either be related to D. variabilis
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) or represent a new
species (cf. Vilanova & Muricy, 2001). (2) The nearest
city to the collection site of Poléjaeff (1884), Salvador,
was called Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction). (3) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously
reported this species from Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago instead of Atol das Rocas.
" Dysidea janiae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Terpios janiae Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 101.
Dysidea fragilis sensu de Laubenfels, 1950a: 22 [non Dysidea
fragilis (Montagu, 1818)].
Dysidea janiae, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 73; van Soest, 1978: 51;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 180; Zea, 1987: 48; Schmahl, 1990:
379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000:
238; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 8; Alcolado, 2002: 70;
Ferreira et al., 2006: 1343.
Dysidea jeaniae, Johnsson, 2002: 252 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 2292.
Taxonomic List
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Salvador (Vilanova & Muricy,
2001 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Armação dos Búzios (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001
[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Vilanova & Muricy,
2001 [description]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião (Vilanova & Muricy,
2001 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990),
Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize (Rützler et al.,
2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao, Martinique,
Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; van Soest, 1978),
Colombia (Zea, 1987), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali,
1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998).
" Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001
Dysidea fragilis sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Serejo, 1998:
363; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 (non Dysidea fragilis
(Montagu, 1818); non Dysidea fragilis sensu Boury-
Esnault, 1973: 288; Moraes et al., 2006: 167).
Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 4; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 82; Marques et al., 2009: 917; Vilanova et al., 2009:
865; Williams et al., 2009: 1691.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3201. Paratypes MNRJ 2207,
2208, 3108, 3121 (Fig. 7F).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marques et al.,
2009 [chemistry]; Williams et al., 2009 [chemistry]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos
Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Vilanova
et al., 2009 [biochemistry]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy
et al., 1991 [ecology]; Serejo, 1998 [ecology]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Euryspongia Row, 1911
TYPE SPECIES: Euryspongia lactea Row, 1911 (by monotypy).
" Euryspongia rosea de Laubenfels, 1936
Euryspongia rosea de Laubenfels, 1936: 29; Monteiro &
Muricy, 2004: 682.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22428 (Fig. 7G).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro &
Muricy, 2004 [ecology]).
57
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936).
Family Irciniidae Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7
! Ircinia Nardo, 1833
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia fasciculata Pallas, 1766, sensu Schmidt,
1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948).
" Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814)
Spongia campana Lamarck, 1814: 385.
Hircinia (Sarcotragus) campana, Topsent, 1930: 51.
Hircinia campana, Lendenfeld, 1889: 569; de Laubenfels,
1936: 20.
Ircinia campana, de Laubenfels, 1953: 514; Boury-Esnault,
1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1978: 39;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler et
al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Santos et al., 2002b:
397; Diaz, 2005: 468.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (“presumably from the West Indies”;
cf. de Laubenfels, 1936).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W,
33 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida: Dry Tortugas), Curaçao,
Cuba, Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico (de Laubenfels, 1936,
1953; van Soest, 1978; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002),
Jamaica (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990),
Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
" Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Polytherses felix Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 72.
Ircinia felix, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 60; van Soest, 1978: 33; Zea,
1987: 39; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al.,
1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Mothes & Bastian, 1993:
24; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 95; Rützler et al., 2000:
238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes
et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005:
468; Granato et al., 2005: 193; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006:
701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 108.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1854.
Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31031, MNHN.D.NBE
1320, and BMNH 1928.11.12.24.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Granato et al., 2005 [chemistry]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza
58
(Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes
& Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Belize,
Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto
Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, Bonaire, Curaçao, Barbados,
Panama (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; Wiedenmayer,
1977; van Soest, 1978; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest,
1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz,
2005).
" Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973
Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel,
1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2006:
167.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, 1022
(Fig. 7H, 8A).
TYPE LOCALITIES: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife
(8o23’S–34o42’W) and RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (14 m depth,
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as
syntypes the only two original specimens deposited in
the MNHN collection. The two specimens are however
quite different morphologically (Fig. 7H, 8A) and their
cospecificity should be revised.
" Ircinia ramosa (Keller, 1889)
Hircinia ramosa Keller, 1889: 345 (non Hircinia ramosa de
Laubenfels, 1934: 24 [= Ircinia dickinsoni de Laubenfels,
1936; taxonomic decision by de Laubenfels, 1936: 18]).
Ircinia ramosa, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 12; Boury-Esnault,
1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Schmahl, 1990: 379; de
Voogd et al., 2009: 174.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.

Eritrea: Assab Bay (Red Sea).
TYPE LOCALITY:
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Valença (Calypso sta. 66, 13o28’S–38o50’W, 37 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra dos
Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bermuda
(de Laubenfels, 1950a), Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels,
1934), Indonesia (de Voogd et al., 2009).
" Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Spongia strobilina Lamarck, 1816: 363.
Polytherses longispina Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 71.
Stelospongus longispinus, Poléjaeff, 1884: 67.
Hircinia longispina, Lendenfeld, 1889: 568.
Stellospongus longispinus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21.
Ircinia strobilina, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 13; Hechtel, 1965: 10;
Johnson, 1971: 104; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel,
1976: 239; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Wiedenmayer,
1977: 61; van Soest, 1978: 40; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 178;
Zea, 1987: 41; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et
al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 97; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Epifanio et al.,
1999: 2248; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 165; Santos et
al., 1999: 57; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002:
70; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al., 2002b:
397; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 468; Bezerra &
Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Mothes et al.,
2006a: 668; Muricy et al., 2006: 118; Cedro et al., 2007:
234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355;
Monteiro, 2007b: 35; Muricy et al., 2008: 10; Amaral et
al., 2010: 27; Lira et al., 2010: 158.
Ircinia longispina, Hechtel, 1976: 256.
TYPE SPECIMENS: MNHN unregistered (Lamarck collection).
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961 [checklist]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). North
Region: STATE NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ; Collette
& Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]). Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al.,
2007 [ecology]). Off Maragogi (730 m depth; Poléjaeff,
1884 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). BAHIA STATE: Locality not
informed (Monteiro, 2007b [description]). Abrolhos
(Timbebas reef, 17o30’S–39o00’W, 10 m depth; Epifanio
et al., 1999 [chemical ecology]; Abrolhos Archipelago,
Calypso sta.84,Boury-Esnault,1973 [description];Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (Johnson,
Taxonomic List
1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]; Bezerra
& Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State
Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Recife (Amaral
et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Locality not informed (Monteiro, 2007b
[description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953;
Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize
(Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,
1989), Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Guiana Shelf (van Soest,
1978), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002),
Colombia (Zea, 1987), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda
(de Laubenfels, 1950a), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was
not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels
of the specimens YPM 5707, 5723, 5731, 8974, 8991,
8993, and 9007, all from Recife.
! Psammocinia Lendenfeld, 1889
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Hircinia halmiformis Lendenfeld, 1888 (by
subsequent designation, Bergquist, 1980).
" Psammocinia compacta (Poléjaeff, 1884)
Cacospongia compacta Poléjaeff, 1884: 64.
Hircinia compacta, Lendenfeld, 1889: 585; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961: 19.
Ircinia compacta, Hechtel, 1976: 254.
Psammocinia compacta, Muricy et al., 2008: 112.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.39 (Fig. 8B).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The city nearest to the type locality, Salvador,
was called Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction).
59
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
! Sarcotragus Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Filifera (Sarcotragus) spinosulus Schmidt, 1862
(by subsequent designation; Vacelet, 1959).
" Sarcotragus fasciculatus (Pallas, 1766) (new
combination)
Spongia fasciculata Pallas, 1766: 381 (nomen nudum; cf.
Pronzato et al., 2004); Esper, 1794: 253; Lamarck, 1813-
1814: 372.
Hircinia fasciculata, Schmidt, 1862: 34; Lendenfeld, 1889: 587.
Ircinia fascicularis, de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Santos et al., 1999: 57.
Ircinia fasciculata, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 9; de Laubenfels,
1953: 514; Hechtel, 1965: 8; Johnson, 1971: 104; Hechtel,
1976: 252; Carballo et al., 1994: 42; Santos et al., 1999: 57;
Pronzato et al., 2004: 555.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Mus.Torino-POR 62-63 (lost; cf. Pronzato et
al., 2004).
TYPE LOCALITY: Mediterranean Sea.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:
Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos
et al., 1999 [checklist]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971
[description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea (Pronzato et al., 2004),
Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994). U.S.A. (North Carolina,
Florida), Jamaica, Bermuda, Bahamas, Puerto Rico (de
Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965).
REMARKS: (1) The neotype designation from Florida by de
Laubenfels (1948) is not valid because it is not from the
original locality (Mediterranean Sea), other historical
specimens have been ignored, and the specimen belongs
to Ircinia felix (cf. Pronzato et al., 2004). (2) Genus transfer
was based on Pronzato et al. (2004). (3) The precise
locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the
author; it was inferred from the labels of the specimens
YPM 8963, 8985, 8997 and 9020, all from Recife.
Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7
! Hippospongia Schulze, 1879
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia equina Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy).
" Hippospongia lachne (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Hippiospongia lachne de Laubenfels, 1936: 12; de Laubenfels,
1953: 513; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Hechtel, 1976: 252;
Santos et al., 1999: 57; Santos et al., 2002b : 396.
60
Hippiospongia lackne, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20
(misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 801.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Cape Romano (Florida State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961 [checklist]). Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:
near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et
al., 1999 [checklist]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (27-
33 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al.,
2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de
Laubenfels, 1936, 1953).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was
not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels of
the specimens YPM 8982, 8989, 9022, and 9028, all from
Recife. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this
species from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago.
! Hyattella Lendenfeld, 1888
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Hircinia clathrata Carter, 1881a (by monotypy).
" Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766)
Spongia cavernosa Pallas, 1766: 394.
Hippospongia anomala Poléjaeff, 1884: 54.
Hippospongia dura Lendenfeld, 1889: 298.
?Spongelia velata Hyatt, 1877: 534.
Trypespongia columbia de Laubenfels, 1936: 13.
Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976:
253.
Spongia virgultosa sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel,
1976: 252; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008:
18 (non Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1797).
Hyattella intestinalis, van Soest, 1978: 23; Ferreira et al., 2007:
314 [non Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814: 439)].
Hyattella cavernosa, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 94; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1999: 165; Alcolado, 2002: 69; Santos et al.,
2002b: 396; Diaz, 2005: 468; Muricy et al., 2006: 144;
Silvano & Muricy, 2007: 36; Muricy et al., 2008: 113.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64).
TYPE LOCALITY: American Seas (“Mare Americanum”; Pallas,
1766).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed (Silvano & Muricy, 2007 [description]).
Off Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 79, 18o09’S–38o20’W, 33
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117oS–
38.170oW, 40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off
Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW,
83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba

(REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 13.646oS–38.742oW, 55 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE
sta. C5-4R, 14.808oS–38.917oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Rodgers Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-
10R, 17.103oS–36.741oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Calypso
sta. 63, 12o56’S–38o33’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off
Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C5-1R, 13.054oS–38.422oW, 50
m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW,
90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Valença
(Calypso sta. 66, 13o28’S–38o50’W, 37 m depth; Calypso
sta. 67, 13o28’S–38o48’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State
Park, 20 m depth; Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso
sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off
Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta.
8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]). SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra dos
Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not informed (Silvano
& Muricy, 2007 [description]). Off Guarapari (REVIZEE
sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–40.025oW, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C5-
20R, 19.272oS–38.019oW, 67 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-
A1, 19.732oS–38.365oW, 72.3 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849oS–
40.167oW, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
Trindade Island (REVIZEE sta. C5-49R, 20.519oS–
29.351oW, 57 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW,
50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-21R,
20.706oS–35.457oW, 55 m depth; sta. C5-21R, 20.704oS–
35.704oW, 57.5 m depth; sta. C5-23R, 20.487oS–36.103oW,
55 m depth; sta. C5-24R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth;
sta. C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Ilha Grande
(Enseada do Sítio Forte, Calypso sta. 118, 23o08’S–44o16’W,
5 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998,
Taxonomic List
1999), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) It is uncertain if the original description of Pallas
(1766) is from Brazil or elsewhere in the Western Atlantic,
as he stated only “Mare Americanum”. (2) Santos et al.
(2002b) erroneously reported this species from Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago instead of Atol das Rocas.
! Spongia Linnaeus, 1759
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent
designation; Bowerbank, 1862a).
# Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia (Heterofibria) cristata Cook & Bergquist,
2001 (by original designation).
" Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes, Kasper,
Lerner, Campos & Carraro, 2006
Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes et al., 2006b: 336.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 5998.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Florianópolis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Florianópolis (Aranhas Island; Mothes et al., 2006b
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
# Spongia (Spongia) Linnaeus, 1759
Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (by
TYPE SPECIES:
subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1862b).
" Spongia (Spongia) barbara Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864
Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 31; van
Soest, 1978: 16; Alcolado, 2002: 69.
Spongia equina var. meandriniformis Hyatt, 1877: 519.
Hippospongia equina sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252.
Hippospongia equina var. meandriniformis, Lendenfeld, 1889:
306; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 97. Paralectotype
ZMAPOR 2074. Schizolectotypes BMNH 1928.11.12.57,
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1323, USNM 31032.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877
[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.A.
(Florida), Bahamas, Cuba (Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864; Hyatt, 1877; Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record of Spongia equina var.
61
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
meandriniformis was synonymized with S. (S.) barbara
by van Soest (1978), but was considered questionable by
Hechtel (1976). (2) New subgenus assignment based on
Cook & Bergquist (2002d), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 (new
status)
Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877:
526.
Spongia vermiculata sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al.,
2002b: 397 [non Spongia vermiculata Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864 (= Spongia (Spongia) barbara)].
Spongia vermiculata ditelliformis, Santos et al., 2002b: 397.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 42.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et
al., 2002 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Hyatt (1877) did not designate type specimens
for this variety, which we here elevated to species rank.
We designated here as holotype by monotypy the single
original specimen deposited in the MCZ collection.
" Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884
Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884: 53;
Lendenfeld, 1889: 275.
Spongia officinalis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 254 (non Spongia
officinalis Linnaeus, 1759).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the collection site of Poléjaeff
(1884), Salvador, was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S.
Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) New status and
new subgenus assignment based on Cook & Bergquist
(2002d), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Hyatt, 1877
Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa Hyatt, 1877: 512.
Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. mollis Hyatt, 1877: 513.
Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. prava Hyatt, 1877: 513.
Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. corlosiformis Hyatt, 1877:
513 (synonymy after van Soest, 1978).
Euspongia irregularis var. pertusa Lendenfeld, 1889: 248.
Euspongia trincomalensis Lendenfeld, 1889: 260.
62
Spongia trincomalensis, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20; Santos
et al., 2002b: 396.
Spongia officinalis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252 (non Spongia
officinalis Linnaeus, 1759).
Spongia pertusa, van Soest, 1978: 12.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MCZ 19081. Paralectotypes MCZ
7036, 7179, 7189, 7293.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Nassau.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt,
1877 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Nassau, Puerto Rico,
Guadeloupe, U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, U.S. Virgin
Islands (van Soest, 1978).
REMARKS: Hyatt (1877) did not designate type specimens for
this variety. We designated here as lectotype an original
specimen deposited in the MCZ collection and labeled
“type”. Other four specimens from Nassau were labeled
“syntypes” and are here fixed as paralectotypes (ICZN,
art. 74). The only specimen from Brazil (MCZ 40) was
not labeled as type and is thus considered as non-type.
Family Thorectidae Bergquist, 1978
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 6
! Cacospongia Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Cacospongia mollior Schmidt, 1862 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Cacospongia amorpha Poléjaeff, 1884
Cacospongia amorpha Poléjaeff, 1884: 57; Hechtel, 1976: 253;
Santos et al., 2002b: 397.
?Stelospongia australis var. fovea, Lendenfeld, 1889: 518 (in
part).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1885.8.8.26a (two
specimens; Fig. 8C).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia? (cf. Lendenfeld, 1889).
REMARKS: (1) van Soest (1978) considered this species
essentially unrecognizable, and states that it could
belong either to Hyrtios or to Polyfibrospongia. (2)
Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species
from Pernambuco State. (3) The nearest city to the
type locality, Salvador, was referred to as Bahia by the

H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (4) Poléjaeff
(1884) did not designate type specimens for this species.
We designate here as syntypes the only two specimens
from the original series, deposited at the Natural History
Museum, London.
" Cacospongia levis Poléjaeff, 1884
Cacospongia levis Poléjaeff, 1884: 56; Hechtel, 1976: 256;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.
?Stelospongia australis var. levis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 520 (in
part).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.25 (Fig. 8D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ALAGOAS STATE: Off Maragogi (see
remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Off Maragogi (731 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884 [original
description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia? (cf. Lendenfeld, 1889).
REMARKS: (1) Poléjaeff (1884) reported this species from
“off Barra Grande”, which is a beach in Maragogi,
Alagoas State. (2) Poléjaeff (1884) did not designate a
type specimen for this species. We designate here as the
holotype by monotypy the single original specimen from
Brazil, deposited in the BMNH.
! Fasciospongia Burton, 1934
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Stelospongia australis var. fovea Lendenfeld, 1888
(by original designation; junior synonym of Spongia
turgida Lamarck, 1814).
" Fasciospongia caliculata (Lendenfeld, 1889)
Stelospongia caliculata Lendenfeld, 1889: 503.
Fasciospongia caliculata, Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al.,
2002b: 397.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida.
RECORDS: BRAZIL: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, U.S. Virgin
Islands (Lendenfeld, 1889).
! Hyrtios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
(by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 74; de
Taxonomic List
Laubenfels, 1948: 160; van Soest, 1978: 45; Bergquist,
1980: 462; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 178; Muricy & Moraes,
1998: 216; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70;
Cook & Bergquist, 2002e: 1031; Santos et al., 2002b: 397;
Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 167.
Polyfibrospongia echina, de Laubenfels, 1934: 25.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 46.
Schizolectotypes MNHN.D.NBE 1303, BMNH
1928.11.12.29. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31013,
BMNH 1928.11.12.30.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
RECORDS: BRAZIL: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Curaçao (Duchassaing
& Michelotti, 1864; van Soest, 1978), Cuba (Alcolado,
2002), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Panama (Diaz,
2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
! Scalarispongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000
TYPE SPECIES: Cacospongia scalaris Schmidt, 1862 (by original
designation).
" Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new
combination)
Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976:
252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017 (Fig.
8E).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife
(8o19’S–34o39’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate
type specimens for this species. We designated here as
holotype by monotypy the single original specimen
deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) New generic
assignment based on Cook & Bergquist (2002e), van
Soest et al. (2011).
! Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888
For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Thorecta exemplum var. tertia Lendenfeld, 1888
(by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948).
" Thorecta atlantica Santos, Silva, Bonifácio, Esteves,
Pinheiro & Muricy, 2010
63
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Thorecta sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 115.
Thorecta atlantica Santos et al., 2010a: 777.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 360. Paratypes
UFPEPOR 121, 247, 442, 667, 668. Schizotype MNRJ
13170 (fragment of UFPEPOR 442).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (04o47’50.8”S–36o18’16.8”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (off Guamaré, 04o47’50.8”S–
36o18’16.8”W; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Santos
et al., 2010a [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
ORDER HADROMERIDA TOPSENT, 1894
For synonyms see Hooper & van Soest (2002c).
Family Alectonidae Rosell, 1996
For synonyms see Rützler (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Alectona Carter, 1879
For synonyms see Rützler (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Alectona millari Carter, 1879a (by monotypy).
" Alectona mesatlantica Vacelet, 1999
Alectona mesatlantica Vacelet, 1999: 635; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007: 354.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.JV 63.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: near SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO (00°49’S–025°29’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: near SÃO PEDRO
E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (mid-Atlantic Ridge,
00°49’S–025°29’W, 2030 m depth; Vacelet, 1999 [original
description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The latitude reported originally is 00°94’S, which
we interpreted as a typographic error for 00°49’S (Jean
Vacelet, pers. comm., 2009).
! Scolopes Sollas, 1888
For synonyms see Rützler (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888 (by monotypy).
" Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888
Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888: 432; Hechtel, 1976: 253;
Rützler, 2002a: 287.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.106 (Fig. 8F).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1888 [original description]; Hechtel,
64
1976 [zoogeography]; Rützler, 2002a [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (27 m depth, Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador), was referred
to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction). (2) The precise locality of Hechtel’s
(1976) record from Pernambuco State (Recife) was not
stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the
specimen YPM 5728.
Family Clionaidae d’Orbigny, 1851
For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 11
! Cervicornia Rützler & Hooper, 2000
TYPE SPECIES: Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815 (by
original designation).
" Cervicornia cuspidifera (Lamarck, 1815)
Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815: 168.
Spirastrella cuspidifera, Topsent, 1933: 41; Hechtel, 1976: 253;
Santos et al., 2002b: 390.
Spheciospongia cuspidifera, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 94; Vicente
et al., 1991: 217; Rützler, 1997: 1393.
Cervicornia cuspidifera, Rützler & Hooper, 2000: 342; Rützler,
2002b: 174; Diaz, 2005: 471.
Cliona cuspidifera, Alcolado, 2002: 59.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 652.
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (cf. Topsent, 1933).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (South Carolina), Bahamas (Vicente
et al., 1991), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic
(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Puerto Rico (Rützler, 2002b),
Panama (Diaz, 2005), Mexico (Atlantic coast; Vicente
et al., 1991; Rützler, 1997), U.S. Virgin Islands (Rützler,
1997), Colombia (Atlantic coast; Vicente et al., 1991).
REMARKS: Hechtel (1976) did not state the precise locality of
his record; it was inferred from the label of the specimen
YPM 5718.
! Cliona Grant, 1826
For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Cliona celata Grant, 1826a (by monotypy).
" Cliona carteri (Ridley, 1881)
Vioa carteri Ridley, 1881: 129.
Cliona viridis var. carteri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13.

Cliona carteri, Hechtel, 1976: 254; Mothes & Bastian, 1993:
20; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.12.27.14.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória Bank
(20º42’S–37º27’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian,
1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória
Bank (Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain, 20º42’S–
37º27’W, 71 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: West Africa (? cf. Hechtel, 1976).
REMARKS: Ridley (1881) did not mention the register number
of the type specimen. We fixed here as holotype by
monotypy the single original specimen in the Alert
collection.
" Cliona celata complex Grant, 1826
Cliona celata Grant, 1826a: 78, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275;
Hechtel, 1976: 253; Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 231;
Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Reis
& Leão, 2002: 274; Rützler, 2002b: 176; Muricy et al.,
2008: 54; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.
Papillina suberea Schmidt, 1862: 69.
Hymeniacidon celata, Bowerbank, 1866: 212.
Cliona cf. celata, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al.,
2002b: 389.
Cliona aff. celata, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Monteiro &
Muricy, 2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al.,
2004: 590; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007:
354.
Complexo Cliona celata, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 45.
Cliona celata complex, Marinho et al., 2010: 268.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. The holotype is believed to be
in the Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative
Anatomy at the University College, London, where
R.E. Grant worked, but this information could not be
confirmed (Rützler, 2002b).
TYPE LOCALITY: Scotland, U.K.: Firth of Forth (North Sea).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Camaçari
(Guarajuba Beach; Reis & Leão, 2002 [ecology]; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Mata de São João (Praia
do Forte, Reis & Leão, 2002 [ecology]). Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Paulista (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];
Taxonomic List
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Natal
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:
STATE NOT INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO
(Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Camburi (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Guarapari (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Arraial do Cabo (20 m depth, Mothes de Moraes,
1985b [description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy,
2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off
Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 138, 24o43’S–45o10’W, 97-100 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). São
Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos
et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: The species complex is cosmopolitan (cf.
Rützler, 2002b), but C. celata sensu stricto is probably
restricted to the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean.
REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was
not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of
the specimen YPM 8947.
" Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973
Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973: 28; van Soest, 1981: 5; Rose & Risk,
1985: 345; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 96; Kobluk & van Soest,
1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Diaz, 2005: 471; Granato et al.,
2005: 194; Muricy et al., 2008: 56.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8715. Paratypes in BMNH,
SUNY-UWI (cf. Lehnert & van Soest, 1998).
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Granato et al., 2005
[chemistry]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Pang, 1973; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl,
1990), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Cuba (Alcolado,
2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Curaçao (van Soest, 1981),
Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cayman Islands
(Rose & Risk, 1985), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
65
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
" Cliona dioryssa (de Laubenfels, 1950)
Spirastrella dioryssa de Laubenfels, 1950a: 98.
Cliona dioryssa, Rützler, 1974: 17; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004:
415; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 46.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1948.8.6.41. Schizoholotype
BAMZ unregistered.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos Búzios
(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; Rützler,
1974).
" Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973
Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976:
255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 994 (Fig.
8G).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Off Campos
dos Goytacazes (22o21’S–41o09’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 101, 22o21’S–
41o09’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original
description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We fixed here as holotype by
monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the
MNHN collection.
" Cliona schmidti (Ridley, 1881)
Vioa schmidti Ridley, 1881: 130.
Vioa Johnstonii sensu Schmidt, 1870: 5 (non Schmidt, 1862: 78).
Cliona schmidti, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976:
253; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79;
Alcolado, 2002: 59; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (probably lost; see Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Montenegro: Bay of Kotor (Adriatic Sea)
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Pang, 1973; Lehnert & van
66
Soest, 1998). Adriatic Sea (Ridley, 1881).
REMARKS: Ridley (1881) created this species in a footnote as a
replacement name for Schmidt’s (1870) variety of Vioa
johnstonii from Bay of Kotor, Montenegro (as Bocche di
Cattaro), which he considered as a species distinct from
V. johnstonii sensu Schmidt (1862) from Sibenik, Croatia
(as Sebenico).
" Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Thalysias varians Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 86.
Anthosigmella varians, de Laubenfels, 1936: 143; de
Laubenfels, 1953: 539; Little, 1963: 55; Hechtel, 1965:
55; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 165; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 129;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 92; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Atta et al.,
1992: 53; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Muricy & Moraes,
1998: 215; Costa et al., 2000: 314; Rützler et al., 2000: 234;
Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Farrapeira, 2010: 214.
Spirastrella varians, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Cliona varians, Rosell & Uriz, 1997: 351; Botticelli, 2000:
34; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221;
Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415;
Diaz, 2005: 471; Moura et al., 2006: 518; Cedro et al.,
2007: 234; Muricy et al., 2008: 59; Queiroz et al., 2008:
217; Stofel et al., 2008: 17; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:
1087.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 71. Paralectotype
ZMAPOR 2377. Schizolectotypes USNM 31048,
MNHN.D.NBE 1343, BMNH 1928.11.12.49.
TYPE LOCALITIES: Guadeloupe, U.S. Virgins Island (St. Thomas)
and St. Barthelemy.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]). ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al.,
2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).
BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed (Atta et al., 1992
[pharmacology]; Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Camaçari
(Guarajuba Beach; Costa et al., 2000 [ecology]; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Porto Seguro (Botticelli,
2000 [ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not
informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Extremoz (Queiroz
et al., 2008 [chemistry]). Parnamirim (Moura et al.,
2006 [pharmacology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al.,
2008 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO

STATE: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981
[description]). Vila Velha (Stofel et al., 2008 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean: Guadeloupe,
U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864),
U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990),
Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica
(Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Honduras, Bonaire,
Panama (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Diaz, 2005), Atlantic
(Rosell & Uriz, 1997), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990),
Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
! Pione Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Cliona northumbrica Hancock, 1849 (= Cliona
vastifica Hancock, 1849; by subsequent designation,
Rosell & Uriz, 1997).
" Pione carpenteri (Hancock, 1849) (new combination)
Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1849: 241; Boury-Esnault, 1973:
274; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Rützler & Stone, 1986: 661; van
Soest, 1993: 213; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype THM 4.15.11-12 (2 slides from the
same specimen; cf. Rützler & Stone, 1986).
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (Pacific coast): Mazatlán.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Pacific coast (Rützler & Stone,
1986) and Atlantic coast (Campeche Bank; Topsent,
1889). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: New generic assignment following Rützler (2002b),
van Soest et al. (2011).
! Spheciospongia Marshall, 1892
For synonyms see Rützler (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815 (by original
designation).
" Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983
Spheciospongia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983: 78; Santos et al.,
2002b: 389.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9026 (Fig. 8H). Paratypes
YPM 5702, 5708a-e, 9026.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [description];
Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
Taxonomic List
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Spheciospongia vesparium (Lamarck, 1815)
Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815: 78.
?Pseudosuberites melanos de Laubenfels, 1934: 9;
Desqueyroux, 1972: 15; Mothes de Moraes & Pauls,
1979: 58.
Pseudosuberites pseudos Dickinson, 1945: 38.
Spheciospongia vesparia, de Laubenfels, 1953: 536; Hechtel,
1965: 57; Muricy et al., 2008: 53.
Spheciospongia vesparium, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 93; Alvarez
et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 80; Rützler, 2002b: 182; Diaz, 2005: 471;
Farrapeira, 2010: 214.
Cliona vesparia, Alcolado, 2002: 59.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 3419.
TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles (cf. Hechtel, 1965).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed (Farrapeira,
2010 [ecology]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). South Region:
RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio Grande (off Sarita
lighthouse, 32o44’S–51o47’W, 30 m depth, Mothes de
Moraes & Pauls, 1979 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Baja California, Pacific coast),
Antilles, Chile (Valparaiso to Chiloé), Cuba, Puerto
Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Bahamas, Belize,
U.S.A. (North Carolina, Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1934,
1953; Dickinson, 1945; Hechtel, 1965; Desqueyroux,
1972; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005),
Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
REMARKS: Although Pseudosuberites melanos is currently
considered as a junior synonym of Spheciospongia
vesparium, the records of the two species from Brazil
are very different morphologically and probably not
cospecific; they should therefore be revised.
Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 4
! Placospongia Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Rützler (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b (by
original designation).
" Placospongia carinata (Bowerbank, 1858)
Geodia carinata Bowerbank, 1858: 308; Bowerbank, 1864:
254; Gray, 1867b: 548; Gray, 1868: 168.
67
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Placospongia carinata, Ridley, 1884: 481; Sollas, 1888:
272; Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902: 3; Dendy, 1905: 126;
Hentschel, 1912: 324; Dendy, 1916: 132; Lévi, 1956: 10;
Burton, 1959: 213; Little, 1963: 56; Hechtel, 1965: 62;
Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965: 94; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971:
76; Hechtel, 1976: 241; Coelho & Mello-Leitão, 1978: 3;
Green & Gómez, 1986: 273; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 100;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 273; van Soest, 2009: 9.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1895.6.7.1.
TYPE LOCALITY: “South Seas” (Bowerbank, 1858).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: Off the mouth
of the Amazon River (N.O.A.S. Operação Norte-
Nordeste II sta. 1889, 2o30’N–47o16’01”W, 31 m depth;
Coelho & Mello-Leitão, 1978 [description]). Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed
(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). Recife (Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia, S Australia (cf. Sollas, 1888;
Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902), India, Andaman Is. (Dendy,
1916), East Africa (Mombasa; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993),
Madagascar (Lévi, 1956; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965, 1971),
Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Mexico
(Pacific coast; Green & Gómez, 1986), Gulf of Mexico
(Little, 1963), Colombia, Grenada (van Soest, 2009).
REMARKS: (1) This is a species complex and strongly needs
revision. According to van Soest (2009) Placospongia
carinata sensu Little (1963), Hechtel (1976), Coelho
& Mello-Leitão (1978) and Pulitzer-Finali (1986)
(including citation of Lehnert & van Soest, 1998) =
Placospongia sp. 1 [non P. carinata (Bowerbank, 1858)],
probably a new species. Although we agree with this
proposal, we preferred to keep the original identification
of these records as P. carinata until a formal description
of “Placospongia sp. 1” is published. (2) The precise
locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated
by Hechtel (1976). It was obtained through the label of
the specimen YPM IZ 9021. (3) Coelho & Mello-Leitão
(1978) erroneously indicated the coordinates of their
collection site as 2o30’S–47o16’01”W, a locality near
Paragominas, Pará State, 200 km inland. We assumed it
was a missprint of 2o30’N, which is located offshore.
" Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973
Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel,
1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Bispo e al., 2006: 24.
?Placospongia melobesioides sensu Schmidt, 1870: 72; Arndt,
1927: 142; de Laubenfels, 1936: 153, González-Farías,
1989: 81 (non Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b;
synonyms after van Soest, 2009).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960 (Fig.
9A).
68
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto de
Galinhas (8o28’S–34o55’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS:Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Todos os Santos Bay; Bispo et al., 2006 [ecology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso
sta. 29, 8o28’S–34o55’W, 25 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et
al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: ?Gulf of Mexico (Schmidt, 1870),
?Curaçao (Arndt, 1927); ?Bermuda (de Laubenfels,
1936), ?Mexico (Campeche; González-Farías, 1989) (cf.
van Soest, 2009).
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as the
holotype by monotypy the single original specimen
deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Mothes et al.
(2006a) considered Placospongia cristata as a junior
synonym of P. melobesioides Gray, 1867b, following the
suggestion of Rützler (2002c), but we prefer to keep them
as separate species waiting for more detailed studies. We
follow here tentatively the proposal of van Soest (2009)
that several Western Atlantic records of P. melobesioides
belong instead to this species, but this hypothesis also
needs to be tested by genetic methods.
" Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888
Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888: 273; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 80; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Rützler et
al., 2000: 234; Alcolado, 2002: 60; Santos et al., 2002b:
390; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Diaz, 2005: 470 (non
Placospongia intermedia sensu de Laubenfels, 1936 [=
“Placospongia sp. 3”; cf. van Soest, 2009]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1850.10.7.25.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: Punta Arenas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Trairi
(Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),
Panama (Diaz, 2005), Puerto Rico (Sollas, 1888), Belize
(Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: This species is currently being revised and its
Brazilian records will probably be invalidated (Cíntia
Rua, pers. comm., 2011).
" Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867
Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b: 128; Carter, 1880:
53; Carter, 1882: 357; Sollas, 1888: 271; Vosmaer &
Vernhout, 1902: 13; de Laubenfels, 1953: 540; Hechtel,
1969: 32; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Pulitzer-

Finali, 1993: 274; Rützler, 2002c: 198; (?)Mothes et al.,
2006a: 670; de Voogd et al., 2009: 174 (non Placospongia
melobesioides sensu Schmidt, 1870: 72; Arndt, 1927: 142;
de Laubenfels, 1936: 153, González-Farías, 1989: 81 [=
?P. cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 52.4.1.14.
TYPE LOCALITY: Borneo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W), 76 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Borneo. Indian Ocean: Gulf of
Manaar (Gray, 1867b; Sollas, 1888; Vosmaer & Vernhout,
1902; de Voogd et al., 2009), Mombasa, Zanzibar
(Pulitzer-Finali, 1993). Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida;
de Laubenfels, 1953; Rützler, 2002c). Caribbean:
Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,
1989).
REMARKS: Mothes et al. (2006a) considered Placospongia
cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 as a junior synonym of
P. melobesioides, following the suggestion of Rützler
(2002c). However, in view of the long distance between
Brazil and the type locality of P. melobesioides, we prefer
to keep them as separate species until more evidence is
available. The Caribbean records of this species also need
revision, and many probably belong instead to P. cristata
(cf. van Soest, 2009). Although we agree with van Soest
(2009) that the Brazilian record of this species (Mothes
et al., 2006a) probably does not belong to P. melobesioides
sensu stricto, we preferred to keep the name originally
used until a new name is formally proposed.
Family Polymastiidae Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2
! Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864
For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia mamillaris Müller, 1806 (by monotypy).
" Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 487; Ridley &
Dendy, 1887: 211; Topsent, 1892a: 132; Topsent, 1904:
119; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.35a.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SERGIPE STATE: Off the mouth of the
São Francisco river (10o46’S–036o02’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SERGIPE STATE: Off
the mouth of the São Francisco river (Challenger sta.
125, 10o46’S–036o02’W, 2196 m depth; Ridley & Dendy,
Taxonomic List
1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northeast Atlantic (Azores; Topsent,
1892a, 1904).
REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887) did not designate
type specimens for this species. We designate here as the
holotype by monotypy the single specimen collected by
the Challenger and deposited at The Natural History
Museum, London. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously
reported this species from Pernambuco State.
" Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
Suberites janeirensis Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel,
1976: 244.
Polymastia sp., Muricy, 1989: 351.
Polymastia mammillaris sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b:
230 [non P. mammillaris (Müller, 1806)].
Polymastia janeirensis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et
al., 1993: 429; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a: 797; Klautau
et al., 1994b: 401; Lerner, 1996: 107; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 161; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 59;
Bakus et al., 2004: 195; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;
Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Dresch et
al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 102; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 44; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Bakus et al., 2007: 2452;
Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35; Turque et al., 2008: 136; Frota et
al., 2009a: 14; Frota et al., 2009b: 441; Laport et al., 2009:
91; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Marinho et al., 2010: 268;
Santos et al., 2010b: 605.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955 (Fig.
9B).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Off Campos
dos Goytacazes (22o12’S–40o59’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Ribeiro et al.,
2008 [chemical ecology]). Southeast Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado
et al., 2004 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Camburi (Boury-
Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). Guarapari (Boury-
Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). Vitória (Boury-
Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Armação dos Búzios (3 m depth, Bakus et al., 2004
[ecology]; Bakus et al., 2007 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo
(15 m depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description];
5-10 m depth, Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al.,
1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];
3-7 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description];
Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist]). Cabo Frio (3-5 m depth, Boury-Esnault et
al., 1994a [description]). Off Campos dos Goytacazes
69
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
(Calypso sta. 100, 22o12’S–40o59’W, 39 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro &
Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; 7 m depth, Turque et al., 2008
[microbiology]; 4-20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009
[microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology];
Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião (3 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al.,
1994a [description]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002
[pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis];
Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006
[pharmacology]; 0.5-20 m depth, Frota et al., 2009a, b
[pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, Lerner,
1996 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. Boury-Esnault et al. (1994a)
referred to MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955 as “type specimen”
and the type locality as being Camburi, Espírito Santo
State. However, the coordinates of the collection site of
this specimen are much closer to Campos dos Goytacazes
and clearly in Rio de Janeiro State.
Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886
For synonyms see Rützler (2002d).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 4
! Diplastrella Topsent, 1918
TYPE SPECIES: Tethya bistellata Schmidt, 1862 (by original
designation).
" Diplastrella bistellata (Schmidt, 1862)
Tethya bistellata Schmidt, 1862: 45.
Diplastrella bistellata, van Soest, 1993: 210; Rützler, 2002d:
221; Muricy et al., 2006: 116.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype USNM 2022309 (cf. Rützler,
2002d).
TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Tremiti Islands (Adriatic Sea).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (BAHIA, ESPÍRITO
SANTO or RIO DE JANEIRO; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Adriatic Sea (Italy; Schmidt, 1862; Rützler,
2002d).Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record requires revision.
" Diplastrella megastellata Hechtel, 1965
Diplastrella megastellata Hechtel, 1965: 58; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989: 1213; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 57; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 80; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Moraes et
70
al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2006: 140.
Diplastrella megastelata, Diaz, 2005: 471 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5044. Schizoholotype USNM
24503 (Fig. 9C).
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–
38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipe-
lago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C2-25R, 19.520oS–
38.768o’W, 65 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C5-25R, 19.527oS–
38.768o’W, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005),
Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989).
! Spirastrella Schmidt, 1868
For synonyms see Rützler (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868 (by
monotypy).
" Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Thalysias coccinea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84.
Spirastrella coccinea, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 96; Hechtel, 1965:
54; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 163; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 90;
Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Rützler et al., 2000: 234;
Alcolado, 2002: 60; Diaz, 2005: 470; Cedro et al., 2007:
234 (non Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999:
145; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 20; Muricy & Moraes, 1998:
215; Santos et al., 2002b: 390 [=Spirastrella hartmani]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1928.11.12.46 (fragment;
cf. van Soest et al., 2003). Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2076.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Bahamas, Dominican
Republic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),
Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a),
Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: Some of these records may actually belong to
Spirastrella hartmani.
" Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac,
Wulff & Solé-Cava, 1999

Chondrilla phyllodes sensu Carter, 1890: 565 [non Chondrilla
phyllodes (Schmidt, 1870) = Spirastrella phyllodes].
Chondrillina phylloides, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 15
(misspelling).
Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 145; Mothes
& Bastian, 1993: 20; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos
et al., 2002b: 390 (non Thalysias coccinea Duchassaing
& Michelotti, 1864: 84; non Spirastrella coccinea sensu
Wiedenmayer, 1977: 163; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 90; Diaz,
2005: 470).
Spirastrella cunctatrix sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 13; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 162; Santos
et al., 2002b: 390 (non Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt,
1868).
Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault et al., 1999: 48; Esteves
et al., 2002: 6; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470;
Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Muricy
et al., 2008: 60; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.NBE 1469. Paratypes
YPM 21026, 21027.
TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Atlantic coast): San Blas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010
[ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography];
Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel,
1976 [biogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy
et al., 2008 [description]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO (Esteves et al., 2002 [description]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A (Florida: Dry Tortugas (de
Laubenfels, 1936), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a),
Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Jamaica (Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands, Panama (Atlantic
coast; Boury-Esnault et al., 1999; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: Some of these records possibly belong to Spirastrella
coccinea.
Family Stylocordylidae Topsent, 1892
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
Taxonomic List
! Stylocordyla Thomson, 1873
For synonyms see van Soest (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Hyalonema boreale Loven, 1868 (by original
designation).
" Stylocordyla borealis (Loven, 1868)
Hyalonema borealis Loven, 1868: 99; Gray, 1868e: 319.
Polymastia stipitata Carter, 1876: 393.
Stylorhiza stipitata, Schmidt, 1880: 79.
Stylocordyla stipitata, Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 489; Ridley &
Dendy, 1887: 223; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel,
1976: 254.
Stylocordyla borealis, Topsent, 1913a: 27; Koltun, 1964: 24;
van Soest, 2002b: 225.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype and paralectotype in Stockholm
Museum (cf. van Soest, 2002b).
TYPE LOCALITY: Norway.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886
[distribution]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway (Loven, 1868), Iceland (Topsent,
1913a), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964). Caribbean: Grenada
(Schmidt, 1880).
REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886,
1887; off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by
the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2)
Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously recorded this
species from Maceió, Alagoas State. (3) The holotype
of Polymastia stipitata Carter is deposited at BMNH
1882.7.28.73 (Fig. 9D); the Brazilian specimen (Ridley &
Dendy, 1887) is deposited at BMNH 1887.5.2.279 (Fig.
9E). The specimens are quite different morphologically
and may represent distinct species. Their synonymy to
Stylocordyla borealis should also be checked.
Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see van Soest (2002c).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 8
! Aaptos Gray, 1867
For synonyms see van Soest (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Ancorina adriatica Gray, 1867a: 519 (by original
designation) [= Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864: 33)].
" Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864)
Ancorina aaptos Schmidt, 1864: 33.
Aaptos aaptos, Lévi, 1958: 24, Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 130; van
Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 77; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989:
71
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
1210; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 267; van Soest, 1993: 212;
Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1994: 304; van Soest, 2002c:
229; Souza et al., 2007: 201 (further synonyms in van
Soest, 2002c) [non Aaptos aaptos sensu Boury-Esnault,
1973 [= Aaptos bergmanni]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1910.1.1.866 (designated
by Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1994: 304). Paralectotype
LMJG 15705 (designated by van Soest, 2002c).
TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria: Lagoste.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Souza et al., 2007
[pharmacology]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al.,
1981 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian
Ocean (Zanzibar, Mombasa; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993), Red
Sea, Atlantic coast of Africa, Puerto Rico (Schmidt, 1864;
Wilson, 1902; Lévi, 1958; Thomas, 1973), Barbados (van
Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,
1989); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: Aaptos aaptos sensu lato is a complex of sibling
species and the identity of the Brazilian record is highly
questionable.
" Aaptos bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950
Aaptos bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950a: 101; Hechtel, 1976:
252.
Aaptos aaptos sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274; Santos et al.,
2002b: 390; Laport et al., 2009: 91 [non Aaptos aaptos
(Schmidt, 1864)].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntype BMNH 1948.8.6.43. Other syntypes
BAMZ unregistered.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Santo
Antonio Bank (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). PERNAM-
BUCO STATE: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W,
75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];
Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a).
REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of A. aaptos from
the Calypso expedition (Boury-Esnault, 1973) was
synonymized with A. bergmanni by Hechtel (1976)
without apparent justification. (2) The collection site of
the record from Bahia state was inferred from the label
of YPM 8970. (3) Some authors (Solé-Cava et al., 1981;
van Soest & Stentoft, 1988) consider A. bergmanni as a
junior synonym of Aaptos aaptos.
! Suberites Nardo, 1833
For synonyms see van Soest (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Alcyonium domuncula Olivi, 1792 (by original
designation).
72
" Suberites aurantiacus (Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864)
Terpios aurantiaca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 99;
Rützler et al., 2000: 234.
Suberites aurantiaca, Rützler & Smith, 1993: 390; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998: 80; Diaz, 2005: 471.
Laxosuberites aurantiaca, Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 51;
Vilanova et al., 2004: 651.
Protosuberites aurantiaca, Mothes et al., 2003: 49; Mothes et
al., 2006c: 83.
Protosuberites aurantiacus, Santos et al., 2004: 590.
Suberites aurantiacus, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 48; Farrapeira
et al., 2009: 91.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Schizolectotype USNM 31045.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Ipojuca (Farrapeira et al., 2009 [ecology]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião (Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes et
al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (Mothes
& Lerner, 1994 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda,
Tobago, Belize (Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al.,
2000), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama
(Diaz, 2005).
" Suberites caminatus Ridley & Dendy, 1886
Suberites caminatus Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley &
Dendy, 1887: 198; Topsent, 1892a: 130; Koltun, 1964: 25;
Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Mothes
de Moraes & Pauls, 1979: 59; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161;
Mothes et al., 2003: 71; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005:
205; Mothes et al., 2006c: 73; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.92.
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: off the mouth of Plata River
(37°17’S–53°52’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Ilha Grande (5 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Off Maricá (Calypso sta. 108,
23o06’S–42o50’W, 63 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Off Rio de Janeiro (Calypso
sta. 105, 23o07’S–43o11’W, 54 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
Plates
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 5. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Holoxea violacea (holotype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964). B, Jaspis salvadori (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956). C, D, Penares anisoxia
(holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029). E, Penares chelotropa (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944). F,
Rhabdastrella fibrosa (holotype YPM 5730, from two different angles). G, Rhabdastrella virgula (holotype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023). H, Stelletta anancora (Burton’s (1954) specimen from São Pedro e São Paulo
Archipelago – BMNH 1938.6.30.6).

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 Taxonomic List

Fig. 6. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Stelletta anasteria (paratype MNRJ 6699). B,
Tribrachium schmidtii (neotype BMNH 1889.1.1.71d; cf. Uriz et al., 2002a). C, D, Caminus sphaeroconia
(one of the three syntypes in BMNH.1889.1.1.78). E, Erylus alleni (holotype USNM 22268). F, Erylus
formosus (holotype BMNH.1889.1.1.77). G, Geodia corticostylifera (paratype MNRJ 2906). H, Geodia
glariosa (syntype BMNH.1889.1.1.85).

75
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 7. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, B, Geodia papyracea (schizoparatype USNM
24496). C, Geodia tylastra (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999) from two different angles. D, Characella
aspera (syntype BMNH.1889.1.1.41). E, Dysidea etheria (holotype USNM 22408). F, Dysidea robusta
(paratype MNRJ 3121). G, Euryspongia rosea (holotype USNM 22428). H, Ircinia pauciarenaria (syntype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, from Atol das Rocas).

76
 Taxonomic List

Fig. 8. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Ircinia pauciarenaria (syntype MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 1022, from off Recife). B, Psammocinia compacta (holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.39). C,
Cacospongia amorpha (fragment of one the two syntypes in BMNH 1885.8.8.26a). D, Cacospongia
levis (holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.25). E, Scalarispongia cincta (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017). F,
Scolopes moseleyi (holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.106). G, Cliona raphida (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE
994). H, Spheciospongia symbiotica (holotype YPM 9026).

77
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 9. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Placospongia cristata (holotype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960). B, Polymastia janeirensis (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955). C, Diplastrella
megastellata (schizoholotype USNM 24503). D, Stylocordyla stipitata (= Stylocordyla borealis; holotype
BMNH.1882.7.28.73 from Shetland Islands). E, Stylocordyla stipitata (= Stylocordyla borealis; Challenger
specimen from off Salvador, Bahia state, BMNH.1887.5.2.279). F, Terpios manglaris (holotype USNM
43150). G, Ptilocaulis braziliensis (holotype YPM 5727). H, Ptilocaulis fosteri (paratype YPM 8984).

78
 Taxonomic List

Fig. 10. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Scopalina ruetzleri (holotype
USNM 24459). B, Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis (holotype MNRJ 2030). C, Petromica
(Chaladesma) citrina (holotype MNRJ 580). D, Didiscus oxeata (holotype YPM 8968). E, Arenosclera
brasiliensis (holotype UFRJPOR 4627). F, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli (holotype YPM 8944). G, H,
Amphimedon compressa (lectotype ZMAPOR 863).

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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 11. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Amphimedon erina (holotype USNM 22245). B,
Niphates alba (holotype ZMAPOR 3942). C, Pachychalina alcaloidifera (holotype MNRJ 552). D, Petrosia
(Petrosia) weinbergi (holotype ZMAPOR 3670). E, Xestospongia grayi (fragments of holotype YPM 9008). F,
Aka coralliphaga (holotype USNM 24095). G, Oceanapia bartschi (two fragments (?) of the holotype USNM
22391). H, Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 from off Salvador, Bahia State (= Oceanapia
fistulosa; BMNH 1887.5.2.244).

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 Taxonomic List

Fig. 12. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Oceanapia nodulosa (holotype YPM 5705 from
two different angles). B, Metania fittkaui (holotype MNRJ 05). C, Oncosclera jewelli (holotype MNRJ 01).
D, Pottsiela spoliata (holotype MNRJ 87). E, Radiospongilla amazonensis (holotype MNRJ 88). F, Plakortis
microrhabdifera (holotype MNRJ 2165). G, Gastrophanella cavernicola (paratype UFRJPOR 4773). H,
Acarnus radovani (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 963-bis).

81
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 13. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Acarnus toxeata (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE
1037). B, Cornulum tylotum (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943). C, Clathria (Clathria) calypso (holotype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035). D, Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 972).
E, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946). F, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (syntype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 983). G, Echinodictyum dendroides (holotype YPM 8946). H, Raspailia (Raspailia)
tenuis (holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.24).

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 Taxonomic List

Fig. 14. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae (lectotype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1032). B, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae (paralectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE
1039). C, Thrinacophora funiformis (one of the two syntypes in BMNH 1887.5.2.27). D, Sigmaxinella cearense
(holotype MNRJ 8687). E, Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973). F, Lissodendoryx
(Anomodoryx) recife (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985). G, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota (holotype
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986). H, Echinostylinos unguiferus (= Monanchora arbuscula; holotype USNM 23404).

83
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

Fig. 15. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Crella (Grayella) spinosa (holotype YPM 9019).
B, Phorbas ramosus (holotype YPM 8969). C, Craniella carteri (syntype BMNH 1889.1.1.23). D, Craniella
corticata (syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027). E, Aplysina muricyana (paratype MNRJ 2173). F, Aplysina
pergamentacea (holotype YPM 9004). G, Aplysina solangeae (holotype MNRJ 4173). H, Eurete atlantica
(holotype MNRJ 7330A).

84

1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Ubatuba (Calypso sta. 130, 23o43’S–44o57’W, 46
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Off Rio Grande (Calypso sta. 155;
32o41’S–51o39’W, 40 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes et
al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Santa Vitória do Palmar
(34o19’S–51o42’W, 196 m depth, Mothes de Moraes &
Pauls, 1979 [description]). SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off
Barra Velha (Calypso sta. 145, 26o34’S–47o22’W, 100 m
depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay (off the mouth of Plata River;
Boury-Esnault, 1973), Argentina (Ridley & Dendy, 1886,
1887; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), Azores (Topsent,
1892a), Southern Indian Ocean (off Marion Island,
Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964).
REMARKS: (1) Mothes de Moraes & Pauls (1979) reported their
collection site as being in Uruguay, but the nearest point
to it in the coast is Santa Vitória do Palmar, Southern
Brazil. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Suberites
caminatos (sic) from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; this
record is not considered valid here because it was based
on an unpublished academic study.
" Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842)
Halichondria carnosa Johnston, 1842: 146.
Suberites carnosus, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 197; Boury-Esnault,
1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 252; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy
& Silva, 1999: 161; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; López-Gappa
& Landoni, 2005: 205; Moraes et al., 2006: 168.
Suberites massa sensu Carter, 1890: 566.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: British Islands: Roundstone Bay, Cunnamara.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Ridley &
Dendy, 1887 [description]; Carter, 1890 [faunistics];
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Calypso sta. 114,
23o04’S–44o14’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.K. (Johnston, 1842), Azores (Ridley &
Dendy, 1887), Mediterranean (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973),
Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993), Argentina (López-
Gappa & Landoni, 2005), Kerguelen Islands, Australia
(cf. Ridley & Dendy, 1887).
Taxonomic List
REMARKS: (1) Hechtel (1976) considered the records from
Fernando de Noronha as questionable. It was described
as “a variety” of S. carnosus by Ridley & Dendy (1887)
and as S. massa by Carter (1890). (2) Junqueira et al.
(2004) recorded Suberites carnosus from Sepetiba, Rio de
Janeiro State, but this record is not considered valid here
because it was based on an unpublished academic study.
! Terpios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
TYPE SPECIES:Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
(by subsequent designation; Topsent, 1900).
" Terpios belindae Rützler & Smith, 1993
Terpios belindae Rützler & Smith, 1993: 388; Mothes et al.,
2006a: 673.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 43147. Paratypes USNM
43148, 43149, MZUS PO-150.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tobago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Calçoene
(02º34’02”N–47º54’05”W, 56 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Tobago, Gulf of Mexico (Rützler & Smith,
1993).
" Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 102; de
Laubenfels, 1950a: 103; Rützler & Smith, 1993: 384;
Rützler et al., 2000: 234; van Soest, 2002c: 244; Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 49; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype (designated by van Soest et al.,
1983) BMNH 1928.11.12.11.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Ribeiro et al.,
2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras
Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). SÃO
PAULO STATE: São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Belize,
Puerto Rico, Bermuda; Adriatic Sea: Croatia (de
Laubenfels, 1950a; Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al.,
2000; van Soest, 2002c).
" Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993
Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993: 385; Rützler et al.,
2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 471; Lerner et al., 2005b: 608.
85
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 43150 (Fig. 9F). Paratypes
USNM 43151, 43161, 43162.
TYPE LOCALITY: Belize: Man of War Cay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Bombinhas (Deserta Island, 12 m depth; Galé Island, 11
m depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Rützler & Smith, 1993;
Rützler et al., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
Family Tethyidae Gray, 1848
For synonyms see Sarà (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 10
! Halicometes Topsent, 1898
For synonyms see Sarà (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Halicometes stellata (Schmidt, 1870) (by original
designation).
" Halicometes minuta Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995
Halicometes minuta Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995: 167;
Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 423. Paratypes MCN 2765-
2770, MSNG 48599, 48600.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Tramandaí (30º20’S–48º37’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Bertioga (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6661, 24º07.637’S–
45º51.895’W, 147 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]).
Off Cananéia (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6699, 26º01.26’S–
46º25.26’W, 150 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE
Sul sta. 6673, 24º17.939’S–44º35.983’W, 133 m depth,
Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]). South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Tramandaí (30º20’S–48º37’W, 190 m depth; Sarà &
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Tethya Lamarck, 1814
For synonyms see Sarà (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766).
" Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766)
Alcyonium aurantium Pallas, 1766: 357.
Donatia lyncurium, Carter, 1890: 566.
Tethya lyncurium, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Santos et al.,
2002b: 391.
Tethya aurantium, Hechtel, 1976: 252; Mothes & Bastian,
1993: 19; van Soest, 1993: 210; Sarà, 2002: 248; Santos et
al., 2002b: 391.
86
TYPE SPECIMENS:Neotype MSNG 49670 (cf. Sarà, 2002).
Italy: Naples.
TYPE LOCALITY:
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter,
1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes & Bastian, 1993
[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, Northwestern coasts
of Africa, Azores (Sarà, 2002). Tropical West Africa (van
Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record of T. aurantium was recently
reevaluated and renamed as a new species, Tethya
beatrizae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011. The new name is not
used in this catalogue, however, because it only includes
references up to year 2010.
" Tethya brasiliana Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004
Tethya brasiliana Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 4.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4670-a. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 4670-b, 4676; MNRJ 5309, 5310, 5313, 5314,
5317a–b, 5318, 5319.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Tethya cyanae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004
Tethya cyanae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 7.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6723.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Tethya diploderma Schmidt, 1870
Tethya diploderma Schmidt, 1870: 52; de Laubenfels, 1953:
545; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14;
Hechtel, 1976: 253, 255; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 98; Mothes
de Moraes, 1987: 130; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81;
Santos et al., 2002b: 391.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified by
Schmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1870.5.3.93,
ZMUC unregistered (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone,
1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region:

SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). South
Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Porto Belo (0.5-1.5 m
depth, João da Cunha Island, Mothes de Moraes, 1987
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de
Laubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Antilles, Puerto Rico,
Jamaica (Schmidt, 1870; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998).
REMARKS: The Brazilian records of T. diploderma were recently
reevaluated and re-identified as Tethya maza (cf. Ribeiro
& Muricy, 2011). The revised name is not used in this
catalogue, however, because it only includes references
up to year 2010.
" Tethya ignis Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004
Tethya ignis Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 9.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5322a.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Tethya japonica Sollas, 1888
Tethya japonica Sollas, 1888: 430; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274;
Thomas, 1973: 72; Hechtel, 1976: 253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines: off Manila (11°37’N–123°31’E).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Sollas, 1888), Seychelles, Red
Sea, Australian region (cf. Thomas, 1973).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record of T. japonica has been recently
reevaluated and was renamed as a new species, Tethya
nicoleae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011. The new name is not
used in this catalogue, however, because it only includes
references up to year 2010.
" Tethya maza Selenka, 1879
Tethya maza Selenka, 1879: 472; Sollas, 1888: 440; Sollas,
1902: 216; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Mothes de Moraes, 1980:
78; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Muricy & Silva, 1999:
161; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.
Donatia maza, Eichenauer, 1915: 271.
Tethytimea maza, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14.
Tethya sp., cf. maza, Hechtel, 1965: 67.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 810 (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy,
2011).
Taxonomic List
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro
(Selenka, 1879 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião (Mothes de Moraes, 1980 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), U.S. Virgin Islands (Eichenauer, 1915).
REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported
this species from Florianópolis, in Santa Catarina State
(as Destêrro). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded
Tethya maza from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this
record is not considered valid here because it was based
on an unpublished academic study. (3) This species
has been recently revised and a neotype was designated
from the same original type locality (Ribeiro & Muricy,
2011).
" Tethya rubra Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004
Tethya rubra Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 11.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5316. Paratypes UFRJPOR
4735, MNRJ 5320, 5321.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original
description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Ipojuca (Ribeiro &
Muricy, 2004 [original description]). Recife (Ribeiro &
Muricy, 2004 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Tethya seychellensis (Wright, 1881)
Alemo seychellensis Wright, 1881: 13.
Tethya seychellensis, Sollas, 1888: 427; Wilson, 1902: 388;
Hechtel, 1965: 65; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993:
212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81.
Tethya lyncurium var. C, Dendy, 1905: 114.
TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (cf. Hechtel, 1965).
TYPE LOCALITY: Seychelles.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Seychelles (Wright, 1881), Sri Lanka
(Dendy, 1905), Philippines (Sollas, 1888), Puerto Rico
(Wilson, 1902), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the collection site in
Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated
only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from
Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained
through the label of the specimen YPM 8966. (2)
87
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
The Brazilian record was recently reevaluated and
re-identified as Tethya maza (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy,
2011).
Family Timeidae Topsent, 1928
For synonyms see Rützler (2002e).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5
! Timea Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Rützler (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Hymedesmia stellata Bowerbank, 1866 (by
monotypy).
" Timea authia de Laubenfels, 1930
Timea authia de Laubenfels, 1930: 26; de Laubenfels, 1932:
45; de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1976: 255.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 21499; BMNH 29.8.22.22.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Laguna Beach (California State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: California (de Laubenfels, 1930,
1932).
REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of this Northeastern Pacific
species should be revised. (2) de Laubenfels apparently
divided in two the single original specimen, without
specifying which one would be the schizotype (cf. de
Laubenfels, 1932).
" Timea bioxyasterina Mothes, Santos & Campos, 2004
Timea bioxyasterina Mothes et al., 2004d: 3.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7984. Schizoholotype MCN
1850 (slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: MARANHÃO STATE: Off São Luís
(01°51’00”S–43°48’00”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Off São Luís (01°51’00”S–43°48’00”W, 35.5 m depth;
Mothes et al., 2004d [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977
Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977: 32; Muricy et al., 2006:
140; Muricy & Santos, 2007: 38.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1977.7.6.8b.
TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Santos, 2007
[description]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C5-25R,
19.527oS–38.768oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]).
88
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean: Italy (Pulitzer-Finali, 1977).
" Timea mixta (Topsent, 1896)
Hymedesmia mixta Topsent, 1896a: 125.
Timea mixta, Hechtel, 1976: 253; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van
Soest, 1993: 213.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T. 2449.
TYPE LOCALITY: France: Cap l’Abeille (NW Mediterranean).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: France (NW Mediterranean; Topsent,
1896a), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Tropical West
Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil
was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only
“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande
do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the
label of the specimen YPM 8954.
" Timea stellifasciata Sarà & Siribelli, 1960
Timea stellifasciata Sarà & Siribelli, 1960: 34; Boury-Esnault,
1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993: 210.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype SZN 101 (in spirit), 113 (slides).
Paratypes SZN 18, 26, 323, 400.
TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ?PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]) OR ?ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Maceió (Calypso sta. 33, 9o45’S–35o35W, 32 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Naples, Roscoff (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973).
Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) recorded this species
from Calypso Station 23, but indicated the coordinates
and depth corresponding to Station 33 according to
Forest (1966). It is unclear which information was
correct, and thus the precise locality of this record is
uncertain. (2) van Soest (2009) reported morphological
differences between the Calypso specimen and the
Mediterranean Timea stellifasciata sensu Sarà & Siribelli
(1960), suggesting they may be distinct species.
ORDER HALICHONDRIDA GRAY, 1867
For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002b).
Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875
For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 9

! Axinella Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Axinella polypoides Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Axinella corrugata (George & Wilson, 1919)
Acanthella corrugata George & Wilson, 1919: 161.
Teichaxinella corrugata, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 154; Lerner,
1996: 111.
Teichaxinella morchella Wiedenmayer, 1977: 154.
Axinella corrugata, Alvarez et al., 1998: 10; Muricy & Moraes,
1998: 215; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002b: 394;
Mothes et al., 2003: 46; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et
al., 2006c: 77; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 56; Dresch et al.,
2008: 24; Menezes et al., 2010: 467.
Axinella sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
Axinella aff. corrugata, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Laport et al.,
2009: 91 (non Axinella aff. corrugata sensu Hajdu et al.,
1999; Santos et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006).
Axinella cf. corrugata, Lira et al., 2007: 440.
TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM unregistered (slides; cf. Alvarez et al.,
1998).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Laport et al.,
2009 [pharmacology]). Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al.,
2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos
Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial
do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de
Janeiro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO
STATE: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião
(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Lira et al., 2007 [pharmacology];
Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). South Region:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Monks
et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; 0.5-14 m
depth, Dresch et al., 2008 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas
(Ilha da Galé, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S.A. (North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Florida), Curaçao, Venezuela (George
& Wilson, 1919; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alvarez et al.,
1998).
" Axinella echidnaea Ridley, 1884 sensu Ridley &
Dendy, 1887
Taxonomic List
Axinella echidnaea sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 183; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 253 (non Axinella
echidnaea Ridley, 1884: 462; Kieschnick, 1896: 533;
Hentschel, 1912: 419; non Reniochalina stalagmitis
Lendenfeld, 1888 sensu Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994;
Alvarez & Hooper, 2009).
TYPE LOCALITY: None (not a valid species name).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Hooper & Wiedenmayer (1994) and Alvarez &
Hooper (2009) included Axinella echidnaea as a junior
synonym of Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888,
from Western Australia, clearly stating however that
the synonymy does not include the Brazilian record of
Ridley & Dendy (1887). It became thus unclear which
name should be used for that Brazilian record. It
probably deserves a new name, but that would require
a morphological revision of the Challenger specimen,
which is out of the scope of this contribution. We thus
maintained the name Axinella echidnaea but adding
“sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887” to make this distinction
clear. The Brazilian specimens of this species strongly
need revision. (2) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy
(1887) (off Salvador), was referred to as “off Bahia” by
the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
! Dragmacidon Hallmann, 1917
For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Thrinacophora agariciformis Dendy, 1905 (by
original designation).
" Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
Axinella reticulata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 481; Ridley &
Dendy, 1887: 184; Wilson, 1902: 400; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 13.
Axinella lunaecharta sensu Hechtel, 1976: 241.
Pseudaxinella lunaecharta sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 155;
Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 131;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 102; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 131;
Zea, 1987: 195; Muricy, 1989: 351; Alvarez et al., 1990:
362; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429;
Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Pseudaxinella lunaecharta
Ridley & Dendy, 1886).
Pseudaxinella reticulata, Lerner, 1996: 110; Alvarez et al.,
1998: 15; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy &
Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 1999: 319; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002b:
394; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Dresch et al., 2005: 17.
89
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Dragmacidon reticulata, Diaz, 2005: 470; Mothes et al., 2006c:
78; Menezes et al., 2010: 467.
Dragmacidon reticulatus, Mothes et al., 2003: 45; Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004: 682; Mothes et al., 2004b: 149; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Bezerra
& Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 57; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Marinho et al.,
2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605.
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Cedro et
al., 2007: 234; Muricy et al., 2008: 107.
Dragmacydon reticulatus, Vilanova et al., 2004: 651
(misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.11.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: STATE NOT INFORMED (from RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE to ALAGOAS; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]).
ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]).
BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador (14-40 m depth; Ridley &
Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy,
1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Alvarez et al., 1998 [description]). CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra
da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et
al., 2007 [pharmacology]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off São
Luís (01o33.81’S–43o15.87’W, 80 m depth, Mothes et
al., 2004b [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão
(00o45’25”S–44o34’39”W, 43 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2004b [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:
STATE NOT INFORMED (Alvarez et al., 1998 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al.,
1981 [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo
(Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];
Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva,
1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy,
2004 [ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology];
Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004
[genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; 5-10
m depth, Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). South
90
Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed
(Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];
Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Porto Belo (1.5-4.0
m depth, João da Cunha Island; Mothes de Moraes, 1987
[description]; Lerner, 1996 [description]). RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Curaçao, Bahamas, Dominican
Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (North Carolina,
South Carolina, Florida), Bermuda, Puerto Rico, U.S.
Virgin Islands, Belize, Nicarágua, Trinidad y Tobago,
Venezuela (Wilson, 1902; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alvarez et
al., 1990; Alvarez et al., 1998), Jamaica (Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was referred
to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded
Pseudaxinella lunaecharta from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro
State, but this record is not considered valid here because
it was based on an unpublished academic study.
! Dragmaxia Hallmann, 1916
TYPE SPECIES: Spongosorites variabilis Whitelegge, 1907 (by
original designation).
" Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004
Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004: 3.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 122. Paratypes MNRJ 124,
500, 788.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Ilhabela (Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Phakellia Bowerbank, 1862
For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Halichondria ventilabrum (= Spongia ventilabra
Linnaeus, 1767) (by original designation).
" Phakellia connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887
Phakellia ventilabrum var. connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887:
170; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13.
Phakellia connexiva, Alvarez et al., 1998: 30; López-Gappa &
Landoni, 2005: 213; Muricy et al., 2006: 143; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007: 355.
Phakellia ventilabrum sensu Hechtel, 1976: 256 [non Phakellia
ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.2 (cf. Alvarez et
al., 1998).

TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ALAGOAS STATE: Off Japaratinga
(09o10’S–34o49’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122c, 09o10’S–34o49’W, 731
m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Alvarez et al., 1998);
off Falklands Islands (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005).
! Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883b
TYPE SPECIES: Ptilocaulis gracilis Carter, 1883b (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936) (junior synonym
of Pandaros walpersi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864;
synonyms after Alvarez & Hooper, 2002).
" Ptilocaulis bistyla (Hechtel, 1983)
Stylaxinella sp. A, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Stylaxinella bistyla Hechtel, 1983: 74.
Ptilocaulis bistyla, Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 22; Santos et al.,
2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2006: 168.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8994. Paratypes YPM 5739-A,
5739-B.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (1-2 m depth,
Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife
(27-30 m depth, Hechtel, 1983 [original description];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Ptilocaulis braziliensis (Hechtel, 1983) (new
combination)
Stylaxinella sp. B, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983: 75.
Stylinos braziliensis, Santos et al., 2002b: 394.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5727 (Fig. 9G). Paratypes
YPM 8967, 9011.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New generic assignment following Alvarez &
Hooper (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Ptilocaulis fosteri (Hechtel, 1983)
Perissinella sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Perissinella fosteri Hechtel, 1983: 73; Santos et al., 2002b: 394.
Taxonomic List
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9009. Paratype YPM 8984
(Fig. 9H).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (18-30 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Alvarez et al. (1998: 25) transferred this species to
Ptilocaulis.
" Ptilocaulis walpersi (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Pandaros walpersi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 90.
Ptilocaulis walpersi, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 84; Rützler et
al., 2000: 236; Diaz, 2005: 470; Muricy et al., 2008: 105.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 56. Paralectotype
MSNG 38763. Schizolectotypes USNM 31025,
MNHN.D.NBE 1314, BMNH 1928.11.12.17.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bermuda, Bahamas, U.S.
Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Curaçao (Alvarez
et al., 1998), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),
Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
Family Dictyonellidae van Soest, Diaz &
Pomponi, 1990
For synonyms see van Soest et al. (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Acanthella Schmidt, 1862
TYPE SPECIES: Acanthella acuta Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent
designation; Vosmaer, 1912).
" Acanthella flagelliformis (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988)
Bubaris flagelliformis van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 110.
Acanthella flagelliformis, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010f: 26.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 5366. Paratypes
ZMAPOR 5364, 5365, 5367.
TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados: off Holetown.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Campos Basin (Oceanprof II BC-Norte, sta. 13, Cosme
& Hajdu, 2010f).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988).
! Scopalina Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see van Soest et al. (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Scopalina lophyropoda Schmidt, 1862 (by
monotypy).
91
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
" Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977)
Ulosa ruetzleri Wiedenmayer, 1977: 145; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 118; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;
Muricy, 1989: 351.
“Ulosa” ruetzleri, van Soest, 1981: 8; Zea, 1987: 200.
Dictyonella ruetzleri, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1215; Muricy
et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429.
Scopalina ruetzleri, van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1996: 59; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy
& Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy &
Silva, 1999: 161; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Santos et al.,
2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Mothes et al., 2003:
55; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Monteiro & Muricy,
2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590;
Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 470; Lerner et al.,
2005b: 602; Mothes et al., 2006c: 94; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 58; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Lira et al., 2010: 158;
Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 24459 (Fig. 10A). Paratypes
USNM 24460, 24461.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Bimini.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Lira et al.,
2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al.,
2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];
Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]). Southeast Region:
STATE NOT INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO
(Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]).
Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al.,
1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro
(Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2004 [interactive key]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Arvoredo Island (7 m depth; Mothes
et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Lerner et al., 2005b
[description]). Bombinhas (1.5 m depth, Galé Island;
5-11 m depth, Deserta Island; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas
(Wiedenmayer, 1977), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Jamaica
92
(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998),
Belize, Bermuda (Rützler et al., 2000, 2003), Bonaire
(Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Panama (Diaz, 2005),
Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). Tropical West Africa
(van Soest, 1993).
Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 6 SPECIES: 13
! Amorphinopsis Carter, 1887
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Amorphinopsis excavans Carter, 1887 (by
monotypy).
" Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hajdu, Mothes &
van Soest, 2004
Amorphinopsis sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Hajdu et al.,
1999: 23; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rangel et al., 2001:
36; Prado et al., 2004: 129.
Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho et al., 2004: 925; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 52.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 353. Paratypes MNRJ 142,
194, 200, 246, 249, 278, 330, 359, 363, 375, 443, 493, 520,
523, 571, 685, 707, 1688, 4001, 4004, UFRJPOR 4369-
4372.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED:
RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do
Cabo (Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy &
Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Carvalho et al., 2004 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO
PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Carvalho et al., 2004 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São
Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Rangel et al.,
2001 [pharmacology]; Carvalho et al., 2004 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Ciocalypta Bowerbank, 1862
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Ciocalypta penicillus Bowerbank, 1864 (by
monotypy).
" Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu,
2003
Ciocalypta sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.
Ciocalypta alba Carvalho et al., 2003: 2.

TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 5056. Paratypes MCN 5060,
MNRJ 501, 555, 779, 781.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Coral Island.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 15-25
m depth, Carvalho et al., 2003 [original description]).
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Coral Island
(locality “Paulo Lopes”, 12 m depth, Carvalho et al., 2003
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Halichondria Fleming, 1828
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 (by original
designation).
# Halichondria (Halichondria) Fleming, 1828
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 (by original
designation).
" Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis Carvalho
& Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 163;
Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 51.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2030 (Fig. 10B). Paratypes
MNRJ 269, 372, 374, 709, 1301, 1328, 1943, 1944.
Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1999.5.12.1,
ZMAPOR 13629.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião (1-2 m depth; Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
[original description]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive
key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &
van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa Hechtel,
1965
Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965: 53; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos
et al., 2002b: 394; Diaz, 2005: 470; Morgado & Tanaka,
2001: 174.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5039.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Ubatuba (Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van
Taxonomic List
Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &
van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea Carvalho &
Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 168.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1333.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião (1.5-2.0 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &
van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766)
Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766: 388.
Halichondria panicea, Koltun, 1964: 90; Cuartas, 1991: 52;
Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy &
Silva, 1999: 160; Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002: 801.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1964.6.8.6 (Erpenbeck &
van Soest, 2002).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.K.: Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex (North Sea).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo
(Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: North Atlantic (Erpenbeck & van Soest,
2002). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). Antarctica
(Koltun, 1964), Argentina (Cuartas, 1991).
REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of this species needs
revision. (2) New subgenus assignment based on
Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea Carvalho &
Hajdu, 2001
Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 170.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1034. Paratypes MNRJ
342, 478, 506a. Schizotypes from holotype BMNH
1999.5.12.2, ZMAPOR 13630.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (5-16 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
[original description]). São Sebastião (0-1 m depth,
Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &
van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica Carvalho &
Hajdu, 2001
93
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 173.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 521. Paratype MNRJ 1316.
Schizoholotype BMNH 1999.10.6.2.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião (0.5-2.0 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck &
van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
! Hymeniacidon Bowerbank, 1858
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Hymeniacidon caruncula Bowerbank, 1858
(by subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1864) (this
is considered a junior synonym of Spongia perlevis
Montagu, 1818; cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002).
" Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910)
Stylotella heliophila Parker, 1910: 767; Wilson, 1911: 13;
George & Wilson, 1919: 147.
Hymeniacidon heliophila, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 92;
Wiedenmayer, 1977: 150; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319;
Mayer-Pinto et al., 2003: 1498; Mothes et al., 2003: 52;
Custódio et al., 2004: 1000; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:
682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590;
Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005: 953;
Lerner et al., 2005b: 605; Mothes et al., 2006c: 88; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006: 53; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Ribeiro et
al., 2008: 38; Turque et al., 2008: 136; Calil et al., 2009:
280; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Marinho et al., 2010: 268;
Ribeiro et al., 2010: 316; Turque et al., 2010: 7; Vilanova
et al., 2010: 524.
Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila, Granato et al., 2000: 597;
Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Berlinck et al., 2004: 518; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 2004: 415.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED:
RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not
informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Angra
dos Reis (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Mayer-Pinto
et al., 2003 [ecology]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo
(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói
(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Ribeiro et al., 2010 [chemical ecology]). Rio de Janeiro
(Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
94
2004 [genetics]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology];
Breves-Ramos et al., 2005 [ecology]; Salgado et al., 2007
[genetics]; Turque et al., 2008 [microbiology]; Vilanova
et al., 2009 [biochemistry]; Marinho et al., 2010
[pharmacology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology];
Vilanova et al., 2010 [cell biology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião (0-14 m depth, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999
[genetics]; Granato et al., 2000 [chemistry]; Rangel et al.,
2001 [pharmacology]; Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry];
Custódio et al., 2004 [cell biology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes
et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (0.5 m
depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Florianópolis
(intertidal; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Penha
(Quilombo Beach, 26o46’S–48o38’W; Calil et al., 2009
[ecology]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island, intertidal;
Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a); U.S.A.
(Florida, North Carolina, Virginia; Parker, 1910; Wilson,
1911; George & Wilson, 1919; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1950),
Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977).
" Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1818)
Spongia perlevis Montagu, 1818: 86.
Hymeniacidon sanguinea sensu Carter, 1890: 566 (non
Spongia sanguinea Grant, 1826).
Hymeniacidon sanguineus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12.
Hymeniacidon perlevis, Hechtel, 1976: 252; van Soest, 1993:
210; Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002: 808; Santos et al.,
2002b: 394.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1930.7.3.1290.
TYPE LOCALITY: England: Tenby (Wales).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha (Carter, 1890 [faunistics];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northeast Atlantic (U.K., Azores),
Mediterranean (Monaco, Italy), Cape Verde (Erpenbeck
& van Soest, 2002).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record was probably misidentified
and needs revision. It was considered questionable by
Hechtel (1976) and Moraes et al. (2006).
! Petromica Topsent, 1898
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Petromica grimaldii Topsent, 1898b (by
monotypy).
REMARKS: We preferred not to follow the classification of
the Systema Porifera (Pisera & Lévi, 2002a) because

the Lithistida is widely recognized as an artificial
group and Petromica share several characters with the
Halichondriidae (e.g., Diaz et al., 1993; Muricy et al.,
2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002).
# Petromica (Chaladesma) List-Armitage &
Hooper, 2002
TYPE SPECIES: Monanthus ciocalyptoides van Soest & Zea, 1986
(by original designation).
" Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides (van Soest
& Zea, 1986)
Monanthus ciocalyptoides van Soest & Zea, 1986: 202.
Petromica ciocalyptoides, van Soest et al., 1990: 41; Diaz et
al., 1991: 143; Diaz et al., 1993: 288; Gruber, 1993: 47;
Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Muricy et al., 2001: 115;
Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et al.,
2006: 168; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 54; Kossuga et al.,
2007: 1196; Muricy et al., 2008: 102.
Petromica cyocalliptoides, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy &
Silva, 1999: 161 (misspelling).
Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, List-Armitage &
Hooper, 2002: 820.
Petromica ciocaliptoides, Ferreira et al., 2007: 314
(misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype RMNH Por. 1309. Paratypes
ZMAPOR 5837, 5838.
TYPE LOCALITY: Caribbean: Saba Bank (17o23’N–63o33’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Açú
da Torre (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]). Salvador
(Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Todos os Santos Bay (Kossuga et al., 2007
[chemistry]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca
do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007
[pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago (Muricy et al., 2001 [description];
Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação
dos Búzios (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy
et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist];
Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Saba Bank, Colombia,
Venezuela (van Soest & Zea, 1986; Diaz et al., 1991, 1993;
Muricy et al., 2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002),
Panama (Diaz, 2005).
Taxonomic List
" Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina Muricy, Hajdu,
Minervino, Madeira & Peixinho, 2001
Halichondria lutea sensu Lerner, 1996: 109 (non Halichondria
lutea Alcolado, 1984: 10; Diaz et al., 1993: 294).
Petromica sp. n., Hajdu et al., 1999: 23.
Petromica sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.
Petromica citrina Muricy et al., 2001: 117; Monks et al., 2002:
4; Mothes et al., 2003: 59; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;
Santos et al., 2004: 590; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes
et al., 2006c: 101; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 55; Silva et al.,
2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Santos et al., 2010b:
605; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Turque et al., 2010: 7.
Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, List-Armitage & Hooper,
2002: 821.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 580 (Fig. 10C). Paratypes
MNRJ 581, 736, 737, 1710–1713, MCN 3395.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Rio de Janeiro (Muricy et al., 2001 [original description];
Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; 20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009
[microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology];
Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]; Turque et al., 2010
[microbiology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (25 m
depth, Muricy et al., 2001 [original description]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangel et
al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive
key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South
Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed
(Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];
Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha
da Galé, Lerner, 1996 [description]; Muricy et al.,
2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (Muricy et al., 2001;
List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002).
! Topsentia Berg, 1899
For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Anisoxya glabra Topsent, 1898b (by original
designation).
" Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Viles ophiraphidites de Laubenfels, 1934: 13.
Halichondria sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983: 71.
Spongosorites sinuatus Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 115.
Topsentia roquensis Diaz et al., 1987; van Soest & Stentoft,
1988: 82; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1215.
Topsentia ophiraphidites, Diaz et al., 1993: 290; Lehnert &
95
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1999: 150; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319;
Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Moraes
et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Lôbo-Hajdu
et al., 2004: 415; Mothes et al., 2004b: 151; Moraes et al.,
2006: 169; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Kossuga et al., 2007:
1196; Muricy et al., 2008: 99; Moraes, 2009: 359.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22334.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Todos os
Santos Bay (Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). CEARÁ
STATE: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m
depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). MARANHÃO
STATE: Off Barreirinhas (01o57’01”S–42o24’15”W, 70
m depth; Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Off São
Luís (00o35’12”S–43o20’55”W, 94 m depth; 01o03’25”S–
43o30’36”W, 184 m depth; 01o33.81’S–43o15.87’W, 80
m depth; 01o54’31”S–44o03’43”W, 30 m depth; Mothes
et al., 2004b [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão
(00o50’N–43o58’W, 49 m depth; 00o22’N–44o5’2W, 72 m
depth; 00o11’13”N–44o46’12”W, 93 m depth; 00o20’38”S–
44o17’38”W, 39 m depth; 00o32’S–43o50’W, 72 m depth;
00o51’44”S–44o21’24”W, 31 m depth; Mothes et al.,
2004b [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et
al., 2002b [checklist]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Hechtel,
1983 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];
Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Barbados, Belize, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Dominican Republic (de Laubenfels, 1934; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986; Diaz et al., 1987, 1993; van Soest & Stentoft,
1988; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998, 1999; Rützler et al., 2000).
Family Heteroxyidae Dendy, 1905
Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 (cf. Hooper & van Soest,
2005). For further synonyms see Hooper (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Didiscus Dendy, 1922
96
TYPE SPECIES:Didiscus placospongioides Dendy, 1922 (by
monotypy).
" Didiscus oxeata Hechtel, 1983
Didiscus sp., Hechtel, 1976: 254.
Didiscus oxeata Hechtel, 1983: 76; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989:
1214; Hiemstra & van Soest, 1991: 45; Diaz et al., 1993:
304; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Lehnert & van Soest,
1999: 150; Alcolado, 2002: 63; Moraes et al., 2006: 167;
Muricy et al., 2008: 104; Vaske-Júnior, 2010; 46.
Didiscus oxeatus, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 144.
Didiscus flavus van Soest, 1984: 146.
Didiscus habanensis Alcolado, 1984: 9 (cf. Diaz et al., 1993).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8968 (Fig. 10D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed (60 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Hechtel, 1983 [original description]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO
(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica,
Bonaire, Curaçao (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989; Hiemstra & van Soest, 1991; Diaz et al.,
1993; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 1984,
2002).
! Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870
For synonyms see Hooper (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Alcyonium granulatum Esper, 1830 (by
monotypy).
" Myrmekioderma rea (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Anacanthaea rea de Laubenfels, 1934: 11.
Epipolasis reiswigi Diaz et al., 1987: 36; van Soest & Stentoft,
1988: 85.
Myrmekioderma rea, Diaz et al., 1993: 303; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 85; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Mothes et al.,
2003: 66; Mothes et al., 2004b: 151; Mothes et al., 2006c:
65.
Epipolasis rea, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 88.
Myrmekioderma styx de Laubenfels, 1953: 523; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989: 1214; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995: 120; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986: 104; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 90; Diaz et
al., 1993: 303; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85.
TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 22301.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico (18º30’20”N–66º22’05”W to
18º30’30”N–66º23’05”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off
São Luís (01o33.81’S–43o15.87’W, 80 m depth; Mothes

et al., 2004b [description]). South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Off Mostardas (150-190 m depth;
Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Rio Grande
(31º14’S–49º35’W, 150-190 m depth, de Rosa-Barbosa,
1995 [description]).
REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection site off São
Luís were deduced from those originally published
(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously
wrong.
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de
Laubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Bahamas, Barbados,
Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela (de
Laubenfels, 1934; Diaz et al., 1987, 1993; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Jamaica (Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire
(Kobluk & van Soest, 1989).
ORDER HAPLOSCLERIDA TOPSENT, 1928
For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002c).
SUBORDER HAPLOSCLERINA TOPSENT, 1928
For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002d).
Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 11
! Arenosclera Pulitzer-Finali, 1981
TYPE SPECIES: Arenosclera heroni Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 (by
original designation).
" Arenosclera brasiliensis Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999
Arenosclera brasiliensis Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 97; Torres
et al., 2000: 1104; Rangel et al., 2001: 35; Torres et al.,
2002: 886; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Batista et al., 2006: 142;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 75; Stankevicins et al., 2008a: 543;
Stankevicins et al., 2008b: 1870; Floeter et al., 2009: 423.
?Arenosclera sp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
cf. Arenosclera sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429.
Arenosclera sp., Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4627 (Fig. 10E).
Paratypes UFRJPOR 3071, 3073, 4155, 4231, 4383, 4603,
4628.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos
Búzios.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Berlinck et al., 2004
[pharmacology]; Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]).
Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO
or SÃO PAULO (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). RIO DE
Taxonomic List
JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos Búzios (3 m depth, Muricy
& Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 1999 [genetics]; Torres et al., 2000 [pharmacology];
Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Torres et al., 2002
[pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Stankevicins et al., 2008a [pharmacology]; Stankevicins
et al., 2008b [pharmacology]; Floeter et al., 2009
[biogeography]). Arraial do Cabo (3-5 m depth; Muricy
et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];
Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemical
ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Floeter et
al., 2009 [biogeography]). Cabo Frio (Floeter et al., 2009
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934).
# Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934).
" Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri (Ridley, 1881)
Chalina coppingeri Ridley, 1881: 110.
Haliclona coppingeri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.
Callyspongia coppingeri, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória Bank
(20º42’S–37º27’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Vitória Bank (Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain,
20º42’S–37º27’W, 71 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [original
description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Valentine (2002a).
" Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864
Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 57; de
Laubenfels, 1949: 13; Hechtel, 1965: 31; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 172; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et
al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest,
97
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68;
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a: 838; Diaz,
2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 86.
Callyspongia fallax forma fallax, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 92.
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax, van Soest, 1980: 47.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 84.
Schizolectotypes USNM 31008, MNHN.D.NBE 1067,
BMNH.1928.11.12.5, MHNG 22213 (cf. van Soest et al.,
1983; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Curaçao, Bonaire,
Bahamas (de Laubenfels, 1949; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989),
U.S.A. (Florida), Puerto Rico (Vieques), Cuba, Panama,
Colombia (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Schmahl,
1990; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005); Venezuela (Alvarez et
al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: de Laubenfels (1956) reported a Callyspongia,
“perhaps fallax, perhaps vaginalis” from Ceará state. We
included this record in the list of unidentified records.
" Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli Hechtel, 1983
Callyspongia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Callyspongia laboreli Hechtel, 1983: 62.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8944 (Fig. 10F). Paratypes
YPM 8945A-D.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(10-15 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel,
1983 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment tentative, based on
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a).
" Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965
Callyspongia pallida Hechtel, 1965: 36; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 92; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 89; Alcolado, 2002:
68; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 73.
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, van Soest, 1980: 51; Zea,
1987: 102.
Callyspongia sp. 1, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
Callyspongia sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5038.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast
98
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova
et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (1-7 m depth;
Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993
[pharmacology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São
Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Cuba (Alcolado,
2002), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bahamas (van Soest, 1980).
# Callyspongia (Cladochalina) Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Tuba armigera Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
(by subsequent designation; Burton, 1927).
" Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (Ridley & Dendy,
1886)
Dasychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 330.
Pachychalina fibrosa, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 21.
Callyspongia fibrosa, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 9; Hechtel,
1976: 253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.5.2.266 (several
fragments), 1887.5.2.184.
TYPE LOCALITY: Phillipines and BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (12-36 m depth, Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original
description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Ridley & Dendy, 1886,
1887).
REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the inside
label (“off Bahia”) was different from the outside label
(“off Bermuda, shallow water”), but also that there could
be little doubt of the Brazilian origin of this species.
(2) One of the the type localities (off Salvador) was
referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew
(cf. Introduction). (3) Ridley & Dendy (1886) did not
designate which of their two specimens was the holotype,
so both localities of the original series are considered as
type localities (ICZN article 76). It is unlikely, however,
that such widely disjunct populations belong to the same
biological species. (4) New subgenus assignment based
on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van
Soest et al. (2011).
" Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea (Ridley,
1881)

Cladochalina armigera Schmidt var. pergamentacea Ridley,
1881: 112.
Chalina pergamentacea, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 27.
Haliclona pergamentacea, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.
Callyspongia armigera, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 8.
Callyspongia pergamentacea, Burton, 1940: 100; Hechtel,
1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Muricy &
Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos e al., 2002: 395; López-Gappa
& Landoni, 2005: 215; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.31a.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Hotspur Bank (17º32’S–
35º46’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ) (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Abrolhos Archipelago
(10 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Hotspur
Bank (17º32’S–35º46’W, 64 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [ori-
ginal description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy
& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Burton, 1940; López-Gappa &
Landoni, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality and depth of the collection
site in Bahia was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who
stated only “Bahian Region”. It was obtained through
the label of the specimen YPM 8971. (2) Ridley (1881)
did not indicate type specimens for this species. We
designated here as the holotype the single original
specimen, deposited at the BMNH. (3) New subgenus
assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002a), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima Duchassaing
& Michelotti, 1864
Callyspongia tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 57;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 172; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Muricy et
al., 2008: 87.
Callyspongia (Spinosella) tenerrima, van Soest, 1980: 62.
TYPE SPECIMENS: No extant type material (cf. van Soest et al.,
1983).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas, and Puerto
Rico: Vieques.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Puerto
Rico (Vieques), U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Bahamas
Taxonomic List
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; van Soest, 1980;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck,
1814)
Spongia vaginalis Lamarck, 1814: 436.
Callyspongia vaginalis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 56; de
Laubenfels, 1953: 523; Hechtel, 1965: 32; Hechtel, 1976:
252; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 173; Kobluk & van Soest,
1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;
Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Johnsson,
2002: 252; Diaz, 2005: 469; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701;
Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricy
et al., 2008: 88.
Spinosella vaginalis forma vaginalis, Wiedenmayer, 1977:
101.
Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis, van Soest, 1980: 56; Zea,
1987: 103.
Spinosella vaginalis, Lehnert, 1993: 45.
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a: 843; Campos et al., 2005: 3.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN unregistered (Lamarck
collection; cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977).
TYPE LOCALITY: “American Seas”.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(California Reefs; Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). CEARÁ
STATE: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology];
Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira
et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off
Turiaçu (00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 31 m depth; Campos
et al., 2005 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Bermuda,
U.S. Virgin Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic,
Puerto Rico, Belize, Panama, Colombia, Curaçao, Bonaire,
Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965;
Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al.,
1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert, 1993; Rützler et al., 2000;
Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the record by Hechtel
(1976) from Recife was not stated by the author; it was
inferred from the label of specimen YPM IZ 8996. (2)
de Laubenfels (1956) reported a Callyspongia, “perhaps
fallax, perhaps vaginalis” from Ceará State. We have
included this record in the list of unidentified records.
99
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
" Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa (Pallas, 1766)
Spongia villosa Pallas, 1766: 392.
Dactylochalina villosa, Lendenfeld, 1887: 812.
Callyspongia villosa, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Indian and Atlantic Oceans (“Mare Indicum et
Americanum”; Pallas, 1766).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, South
Australia (Pallas, 1766; Lendenfeld, 1887).
REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et
al. (2011). (2) This species probably is a junior synonym
of Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (R.W.M. van
Soest, pers. comm., 2011).
# Callyspongia (Toxochalina) Ridley, 1884
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Desmacidon folioides Bowerbank, 1875 (by
subsequent designation; Burton, 1934).
" Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy &
Ribeiro, 1999
Toxochalina robusta sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 234;
Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Toxochalina robusta
Ridley, 1884: 403; Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 335; Ridley &
Dendy, 1887: 50).
Toxochalina ?robusta sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro,
1999: 94; Lerner et al., 2005b: 597; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 74.
Callyspongia pseudotoxa, Mothes et al., 2003: 57; Mothes et
al., 2006c: 98.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4271. Paratype UFRJPOR
4152b.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo (5 m
depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricy
et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original
description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (30 m depth,
Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes et al.,
2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (4 m depth,
100
Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Florianópolis (0.5 m
depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Garopaba (4
m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 10
! Chalinula Schmidt, 1868
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Chalinula renieroides Schmidt, 1868 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Chalinula molitba (de Laubenfels, 1949)
Haliclona molitba de Laubenfels, 1949: 9; de Laubenfels,
1950a: 40; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 81;
van Soest, 1980: 9; Rützler, 1986: 118; Alcolado, 2002:
67.
Reniera carmabi van Soest, 1980: 14.
Haliclona pseudomolitba de Weerdt et al., 1991: 197; Rützler
et al., 2000: 237.
Chalinula molitba, de Weerdt, 2000: 55; Moraes et al., 2006:
166; Diaz, 2005: 469; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.
Acervochalina molitba, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210;
Santos et al., 2002b: 395.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1948.8.6.15.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda: near Flatts.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(from RIO GRANDE DO NORTE to ALAGOAS STATES;
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010
[ecology]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (North Caroliona, Georgia,
Florida), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba,
Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Belize, U.S. Virgin
Islands (St. Croix), Guadeloupe, Martinique, Santa Lucia
(de Laubenfels, 1949, 1950; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Kobluk
& van Soest, 1989; de Weerdt, 2000; Alcolado, 2002),
Panama (Diaz, 2005). East Atlantic: Azores and Canary
Islands (de Weerdt, 2000).
REMARKS: Santos et al. (2002b) reported this species from
Pernambuco State. Although this is very likely, Hechtel
(1976) did not state the precise locality of collection
(“Recife and vicinities, (…) from Cabo de São Roque
to the Rio São Francisco”). Hechtel’s specimen was not
found in the YPM collection.

" Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000
Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000: 61; Mothes et al., 2003: 51;
Lerner et al., 2005b: 597; Mothes et al., 2006c: 86.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 41829. Paratype ZMAPOR
9420.
TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia: Islas del Rosario.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (14 m depth, Lerner et al.,
2005b [description]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island,
6.5 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix),
Jamaica (de Weerdt, 2000).
! Haliclona Grant, 1836
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia oculata Pallas, 1766 (by original
designation).
# Haliclona (Haliclona) Grant, 1836
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Haliclona oculata (Pallas, 1766) (by original
designation).
" Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis Mothes & Lerner,
1994
Haliclona catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 55.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1053.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Bombinhas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt
(2002).
" Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994
Haliclona lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 55.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1479. Paratype MCN 1460.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Bombinhas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt
(2002).
" Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris Mothes & Lerner,
1994
Haliclona mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 54; Lerner,
1996: 115; Mothes et al., 2003: 55; Mothes et al., 2006c: 95.
Taxonomic List
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1482. Paratype MCN 1456.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Bombinhas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]). Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner,
1994 [original description]; Ilha da Galé, 12 m depth;
Lerner, 1996 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt
(2002).
# Haliclona (Halichoclona) de Laubenfels, 1932
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Halichoclona gellindra de Laubenfels, 1932 (by
monotypy).
" Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae Campos, Mothes,
Eckert & van Soest, 2005
Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae Campos et al., 2005: 5.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 4964. Schizoholotype
ZMAPOR 17909.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: MARANHÃO STATE: Off São Luís
(00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off
São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos
et al., 2005 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
# Haliclona (Reniera) Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera aquaeductus Schmidt, 1862 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1932).
" Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris Alcolado, 1984
Haliclona manglaris Alcolado, 1984: 4; de Weerdt et al., 1991:
198; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Diaz, 2005: 469; Cedro et
al., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.
Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris, de Weerdt, 2000: 19.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype IdO 403. Paratypes ZIN RAN
unregistered. Schizotype USNM 39225.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba: Punta del Este (Isla de la Juventud).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski,
2010 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida), Colombia,
Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Venezuela
(Alcolado, 1984; de Weerdt et al., 1991; de Weerdt, 2000;
Rützler et al., 2000, 2009).
" Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919)
Reniera tubifera George & Wilson, 1919: 145; van Soest,
101
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
1980: 15.
Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965: 20; van Soest, 1980: 6;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 160; Zea, 1987: 65.
Haliclona tubifera, de Weerdt et al., 1991: 200; Lerner, 1996:
114; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 90; Alcolado, 2002: 67;
Dresch et al., 2005: 17.
Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, de Weerdt, 2000: 25.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype USNM 23610 (cf. de Weerdt, 2000).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005
[pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]).
Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 10-13 m depth; Lerner, 1996
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina,
Florida, Texas), Jamaica, Bonaire, Cuba, Curaçao, Belize,
Bermuda, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Barbuda,
Antigua, St. Vincent, Venezuela, Colombia (George &
Wilson, 1919; Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; de Weerdt et al., 1991; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998; de Weerdt, 2000; Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: The record of Haliclona tubifera from Bombinhas
(Lerner, 1996) was considered as not cospecific with
H. tubifera sensu stricto from the Caribbean and NW
Atlantic by de Weerdt (2000: 25), who classified it as
Halichoclona sp. The subsequent records by Dresch et
al. (2005) and Silva et al. (2006) probably belong to the
latter species. All Brazilian records of this species should
be revised.
# Haliclona (Rhizoniera) Griessinger, 1971
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera rhizophora Vacelet, 1969 (by
monotypy).
" Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980)
Reniera curaçaoensis van Soest, 1980: 12.
Haliclona curacaoensis, de Weerdt et al., 1991: 199; Alcolado,
2002: 66; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087.
Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, de Weerdt, 2000: 55.
Haliclona curaçaoensis, Cedro et al., 2007: 236.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3662. Paratype ZMAPOR
3672.
TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao: Santa Martha Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao (van Soest, 1980), Belize (de
Weerdt et al., 1991), U.S.A. (Florida, South Carolina),
Grenadines (de Weerdt, 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
102
# Haliclona (Soestella) de Weerdt, 2000
For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera mamillata Griessinger, 1971 (by original
designation).
" Haliclona (Soestella) melana Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999
Adocia carbonaria sensu Rocha, 1995: 77 (non Adocia
carbonaria sensu Hechtel, 1965; Hechtel, 1969; Hechtel,
1976 [= Neopetrosia carbonaria]).
Haliclona melana Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 101; Custódio et
al., 2002: 209; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et
al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 72; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski,
2010: 1087.
Haliclona (Soestella) melana, de Weerdt, 2000: 35.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4269. Paratypes UFRJPOR
3618, 3683, 4232, 4382, 4751.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007
[ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). BAHIA
STATE: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré (including Ponta dos
Carneiros; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Ribeiro,
1999 [original description]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião
(Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original
description]; de Weerdt, 2000 [description]; Custódio
et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive
key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: St. Lucia.
Family Niphatidae van Soest, 1980
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 11
! Amphimedon Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864 (by subsequent designation, de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Amphimedon caribica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986)
Cribrochalina caribica Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 170.
Amphimedon caribica, Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 75; Lehnert

& van Soest, 1998: 91; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 161;
Alcolado, 2002: 68; Campos et al., 2005: 6.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47709.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: off La Parguera.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Off Cururupu (00º51’44”S–44º21’24”W, 31 m depth;
Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís
(01º33.81’S–43º15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al.,
2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72
m depth; 00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 31 m depth; Campos
et al., 2005 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican
Republic, Jamaica (van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection site off São
Luís were deduced from those originally published
(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously
wrong.
" Amphimedon complanata (Duchassaing, 1850)
Spongia complanata Duchassaing, 1850: 26; Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864: 37.
Spongia fusca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 38.
Spongia manus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 39.
Pachychalina variabilis Dendy, 1887: 504; Dendy, 1890: 353.
Haliclona variabilis, Randall & Hartman, 1968: 219.
Haliclona (Amphimedon) complanata Wiedenmayer, 1977:
86.
?Spongia crassiloba Lamarck, 1814: 374, redescribed as
Chalina crassiloba by Topsent, 1930: 21.
Amphimedon complanata, van Soest, 1980: 31; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 168; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Alcolado, 2002:
68; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Rützler et al., 2009:
304.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 113.
Schizolectotype BMNH 28.11.12.78. Paralectotype
ZMAPOR 2095.
TYPE LOCALITY: Netherlands Antilles: St. Martin.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: British Virgin Islands (Tortola), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), U.S. Virgin Islands (Saint Thomas),
Saint Martin, Guadeloupe, Bahamas (Dendy, 1887, 1890;
Randall & Hartman, 1968; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica
(Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), New Providence (van Soest,
1980) and Gulf of Mexico (Rützler et al., 2009).
REMARKS: van Soest (1980) was reluctant to synonymize A.
complanata with Lamarck´s Spongia crassiloba from the
Indo-Pacific (New Holland, King Island). We agree that
they probably represent distinct species and should be
carefully compared.
Taxonomic List
" Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864
Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 78;
van Soest, 1980: 26; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 168; Zea, 1987:
72; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91;
Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Valentine, 2002b: 876; Sarmento & Correia,
2002: 221; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 469;
Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:
1087.
Haliclona (Amphimedon) compressa, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 82.
Amphimedon sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Santos et al.,
2002b: 395.
Amphimedon aff. compressa, Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes
et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2008: 90.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 863 (Fig. 10G, H).
Paralectotype Mus.Torino-Por. 35. Schizoparalectotypes
BMNH 1928.11.12.42, USNM 31003, MNHN.D.NBE
1956 (van Soest et al., 1983).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Correia
& Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza
(Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira
et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al.,
2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer,
1977), U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Mexico, Cuba, Puerto
Rico (van Soest, 1980; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002),
Jamaica, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize
(Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2008) erroneously stated that this
species was recorded from Maranhão State.
" Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Haliclona erina de Laubenfels, 1936: 457; de Laubenfels,
1956: 3; Hechtel, 1965: 19; Hechtel, 1969: 5; Hechtel,
1976: 255; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174.
Amphimedon erina, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Rützler et
al., 2000: 237; Diaz, 2005: 469.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22245 (Fig. 11A).
TYPE LOCALITY: Panama: Fort Randolph.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
103
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). Ubatuba (Morgado & Tanaka,
2001 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Panama (Atlantic Coast),
Jamaica (de Laubenfels, 1936; Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969),
Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: This species is very similar to A. viridis and may be
a junior synonym of it.
" Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 81;
van Soest, 1980: 29; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 167; Zea,
1987: 76; Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187;
Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rocha, 1995: 77; Berlinck et
al., 1996: 156; Chehade et al., 1997: 730; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 92; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Hajdu et
al., 1999: 23; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy &
Ribeiro, 1999: 85; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Alcolado,
2002: 68; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Santos et al., 2002b:
395; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al., 2003:
17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Berlinck et al., 2004: 513;
Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415;
Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz,
2005: 469; Pinheiro et al., 2005: 272; Batista et al., 2006:
142; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 76;
Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Correia
& Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1;
Menezes et al., 2010: 467.
Haliclona viridis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 47; de Laubenfels,
1953: 519.
Haliclona (Amphimedon) viridis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 84.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 40. Schizolecto-
types USNM 31007, MNHN.D.NBE 1060, BMNH
1928.11.12.35-36.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology];
Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Marechal
Deodoro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
BAHIA STATE: Salvador (including Itaparica Island;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). CEARÁ STATE:
Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago (2 m depth; Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (1 m depth; Muricy
& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999
[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy
104
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];
Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Santa Cruz (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999
[description]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis
(1-5 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];
Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Ribeiro,
1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]). Arraial do Cabo (3-5
m depth; Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991
[ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy
& Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio
et al., 2010 [ecology]). Trindade (2 m depth; Muricy
& Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999
[genetics]; Praia do Sono, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004
[genetics]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (3 m depth,
Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Berlinck et al., 1996 [chemistry];
3-5 m depth, Chehade et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Hajdu et
al., 1999 [faunistics]; 0-10 m depth, Muricy & Ribeiro,
1999 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology];
Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Santos et al., 2004
[interactive key]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Menezes et al.,
2010 [microbiology]). Ubatuba (Pinheiro et al., 2005
[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Bermuda, Colombia, Cuba,
Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama,
Puerto Rico, U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina), U.S.
Virgin Islands, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953;
Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; Zea, 1987; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado,
2002; Diaz, 2005).
! Gelliodes Ridley, 1884
TYPE SPECIES: Axos fibulata Carter, 1881a (by monotypy).
" Gelliodes ramosa Kieschnick, 1900
Gelloides ramosa Kieschnick, 1900: 565 (misspelling).
Gelliodes ramosa, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Niphates erecta sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 395 (non Niphates
erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia: Ambon (“Amboine”).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (7-30 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];

Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Kieschnick, 1900).
REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil
was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only
“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande
do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the
labels of specimens YPM 8964, 8978, 8987, 8995 and
9018.
! Niphates Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
(by subsequent designation; Wiedenmayer, 1977).
" Niphates alba van Soest, 1980
Niphates alba van Soest, 1980: 40; Zea, 1987: 908; Alcolado,
2002: 67; Mothes et al., 2006a : 670.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3942 (Fig. 11B).
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(03°16’00”N–49°15’05”W, 73 m depth; Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Puerto Rico, Colombia (Zea,
1987), Bonaire (van Soest, 1980), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
" Niphates amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977
Niphates digitalis forma amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977: 99.
Niphates amorpha, van Soest, 1980: 39; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:
163; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216;
Alcolado, 2002: 67; Santos et al., 2002b: 395.
TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 30183-30185, 30331.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Bimini.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic, Saba, Puerto
Rico, Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).
" Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 93;
Wiedenmayer, 1977: 96; van Soest, 1980: 35; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986: 161; Zea, 1987: 81; Kobluk & van Soest,
1989: 1217; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 237;
Alcolado, 2002: 67; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine,
2002b: 887; Campos et al., 2005: 8; Diaz, 2005: 469;
Taxonomic List
Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006a: 669;
Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Muricy et al., 2008: 92; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087 [non Niphates erecta sensu Santos
et al., 2002b: 395 (= Gelliodes ramosa)].
Niphates sp. sensu Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Moraes
et al., 2003: 17 [non Niphates sp. sensu Moraes et al.,
2006: 168].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1633. Paralectotype
Mus.Torino-Por 51. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31018,
MNHN.D.NBE 1307.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Calçoene
(03°54’00”N–49°45’00”W, 95 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]). Off the Mouth of Amazon River
(02°34’02”N–47°54’05”W, 95 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]). Northeast Region: ALAGOAS
STATE: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off São
Luís (00°35’12”S–43°20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et
al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W,
72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica
(Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Puerto Rico, Dominican
Republic, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, U.S. Virgin
Islands, Curaçao, Bonaire, Barbados (Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest,
1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002;
Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
" Niphates lutea Lehnert & van Soest, 1999
Niphates lutea Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 161; Campos et
al., 2005: 9.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 13578. Paratype
ZMAPOR 13579.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off
Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al.,
2005 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1999).
! Pachychalina Schmidt, 1868
TYPE SPECIES: Pachychalina rustica Schmidt, 1868 (by
monotypy).
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
" Pachychalina alcaloidifera Pinheiro, Berlinck &
Hajdu, 2005
Pachychalina alcaloidifera Pinheiro et al., 2005: 274; Oliveira
et al., 2007: 538.
Pachychalina sp., Berlinck et al., 2004: 518; Oliveira et al.,
2004: 1685; Oliveira et al., 2006a: 2; Oliveira et al., 2006b:
438.
Amphimedon sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 35; Prado et al., 2004:
129.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 552 (Fig. 11C). Paratypes
MNRJ 569, 1697, 1755, 1815, 2012, 2024, 3098, 3099.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Berlinck et al.,
2004 [chemistry]). Southeast Region: STATE NOT
INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado et al.,
2004 [pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Niterói
(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Oliveira et al., 2004
[chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [original description];
Oliveira et al., 2006a, b [chemistry]; Oliveira et al., 2007
[chemistry]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Rangel et al.,
2001 [pharmacology]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [original
description]). São Sebastião (Pinheiro et al., 2005
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
SUBORDER PETROSINA BOURY-ESNAULT & VAN
BEVEREN, 1982
For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002e).
Family Petrosiidae van Soest, 1980
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002c).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6
! Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Haliclona longleyi de Laubenfels, 1932 (by
original designation).
" Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814)
Spongia carbonaria Lamarck, 1814: 375.
Adocia carbonaria, Hechtel, 1965: 26; Hechtel, 1969: 9;
Hechtel, 1976: 252 (non Adocia carbonaria sensu Rocha,
1995 [=Haliclona (Soestella) melana]).
Pellina carbonaria, van Soest, 1980: 83; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:
159.
Xestospongia carbonaria, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 93;
Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Diaz, 2005: 470.
Neopetrosia carbonaria, Rützler et al., 2009: 304.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 545.
106
TYPE LOCALITY: American Seas (“Mare Americanum”).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), U.S. Virgin Islands,
Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest,
1998), Lesser Antilles (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Panama (Diaz, 2005),
Netherlands Antilles (Arndt, 1927), Gulf of Mexico
(Rützler et al., 2009), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Pacific
Ocean (?) (de Laubenfels, 1954; Bergquist, 1965; cf. van
Soest, 1980).
REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil
was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only
“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande
do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the
label of the specimen YPM 8960.
" Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864)
Thalysias proxima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84.
Neofibularia proxima, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 255.
Xestospongia proxima, van Soest et al., 1983: 198; van Soest,
1984: 143; Zea, 1987: 116; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988:
132; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 77; Rützler et al., 2000:
238; Diaz, 2005: 470.
Densa araminta de Laubenfels, 1934: 14.
Neopetrosia proxima, Mothes et al., 2006a: 670; Muricy et al.,
2008: 97.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 74.
Schizolectotypes USNM 31047, MNHN.D.NBE 1342,
BMNH 1928.11.12.45.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off
Amapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth;
Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Off Calçoene
(04º13’00”N–50º31’00”W, 76 m depth; Mothes et al.,
2006a [description]). Northeast Region: MARANHÃO
STATE: Off Cururupu (00°51’44”S–44°21’24”W, 31 m
depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís
(01°33.81’S–43°15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al., 2005
[description]). Off Turiaçu (00°22’N–44°52’W, 72 m
depth; 00°11’13”N–44°46’12”W, 93 m depth; 00º20’38”S–
44º17’38”W, 85 m depth; 00°32’S–43°50’W, 72 m depth;
00°35’12”S–43°20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et al., 2005
[description]). Off Tutóia (02°14’49”S–42°00’20”W, 72 m
depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia,
Jamaica, Barbados, Panama, Belize (van Soest et al.,
1983; van Soest, 1984; Zea, 1987; van Soest & Stentoft,

1988; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996; Rützler et al., 2000;
Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection site off São
Luís were deduced from those originally published
(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously
wrong.
" Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)
Spongia subtriangularis Duchassaing, 1850: 26.
Xestospongia subtriangularis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 113;
van Soest, 1980: 71; Zea, 1987: 114; Lehnert, 1993: 46;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 238;
Diaz, 2005: 470.
Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Campos et al., 2005: 15.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype(?) BMNH 1928.11.12.47 (cf.
Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest et al., 1983).
TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth;
Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu
(00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A (Florida),
Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz,
2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), U.S. Virgin Islands,
Curaçao, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Tortola, Puerto Rico
(Vieques; van Soest, 1980), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer,
1977).
! Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera ?dura (Nardo, 1833) (by monotypy).
# Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera ?dura (Nardo, 1833) (by monotypy).
" Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980
Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980: 75; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986:
151; Zea, 1987: 119; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert, 1993: 48; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 93; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002:
69; Campos et al., 2005: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et
al., 2006: 168.
Petrosia sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Moraes et al., 2003:
17.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3670 (Fig. 11D). Paratype
ZMAPOR 4441.
TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.
Taxonomic List
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Off São Luís (01º03’25”S–43º30’36”W, 184 m depth;
Campos et al., 2005 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade
Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire (van Soest, 1980, 1981;
Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Puerto Rico, Dominican
Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Colombia (Zea, 1987),
Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz,
2005), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Venezuela (Alvarez et al.,
1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Valentine (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).
! Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Haliclona diprosopia de Laubenfels, 1930 (by
original designation).
" Xestospongia grayi (Hechtel, 1983)
Prianus sp., Hechtel, 1976: 252.
Prianus grayi Hechtel, 1983: 64.
Xestospongia grayi, Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 23; Santos et al.,
2002b: 396; Moraes et al., 2006: 169.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9008 (Fig. 11E).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description];
25 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870)
Schmidtia muta Schmidt, 1870: 44.
Petrosia muta, Topsent, 1920: 8.
Xestospongia muta, de Laubenfels, 1953: 519; Alcolado, 1976:
4; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 115; Collette & Rützler, 1977:
309; van Soest, 1980: 66; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 153; Zea,
1987: 111; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 75; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
92; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 163; Rützler et al., 2000:
238; Campos et al., 2005: 18; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et
107
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
al., 2006: 169; Muricy et al., 2008: 98; Moraes, 2009: 362.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MCZ-IZ 6449-6551. Schizosyntype
BMNH 1870.5.3.152.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–
43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; 01º03’S–43º31’W, 64 m
depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu
(00º11’13”N–44º46’12”W, 93 m depth; Campos et al.,
2005 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba (Alcolado, 1976),
Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Curaçao (van Soest,
1980), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; de
Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Puerto Rico,
Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica
(Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz,
2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et
al., 2000).
Family Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002d).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 8
! Aka de Laubenfels, 1936
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Aka insidiosa Johnson, 1899 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Aka coralliphaga (Rützler, 1971)
Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971: 5; Zea, 1987: 94;
Schmahl, 1990: 379.
Aka coralliphaga, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 93; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 164;
Alcolado, 2002: 68; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
Aka coralliophagon, Diaz, 2005: 469 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 24095 (Fig. 11F).
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
108
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados,
Puerto Rico (Rützler, 1971; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998,
1999; Alcolado, 2002), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest,
1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl,
1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
! Oceanapia Norman, 1869
For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine
(2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Isodictya robusta Bowerbank, 1866 (by
monotypy).
" Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Inflatella bartschi de Laubenfels, 1934: 21; Collette & Rützler,
1977: 309.
Oceanapia bartschi, van Soest, 1980: 87; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 158; Zea, 1987: 128; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
94; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 164; Alcolado, 2002: 68;
Campos et al., 2005: 11; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al.,
2008: 93.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22391 (Fig. 11G).
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(PARÁ or AMAPÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off Barreirinhas
(01°57’01”S–42°23’15”W, 70 m depth; Campos et al.,
2005 [description]). Off São Luís (01°03’S–43º31’W,
64 m depth; 01°33.81’S–43°15.87’W, 80 m depth;
Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu
(00°27.03’N–45°34.85’W, 13 m depth; 00°22’N–44°52’W,
72 m depth; 00°20’50”N–45°00’06”W, 82 m depth;
00º11’13”N–44º46’12”W, 93 m depth; Campos et al.,
2005 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Jamaica (Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico,
Panama, Colombia (de Laubenfels, 1934; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The holotype is much smaller and has thinner
fistules than most Brazilian specimens. There is
considerable morphological variation in descriptions
of this species, which may be a complex of cryptic
species and should be investigated in more detail. (2)
The coordinates of the second collection site off São
Luís were deduced from those originally published
(01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously
wrong. The same happened with the first collection site
off Turiaçu (00º27’03”S–45º34’85”W). It is possible that
the same mistake was made in all other collection sites in
Maranhão State.

" Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank, 1873)
Desmacidon fistulosa Bowerbank, 1873: 19.
Rhizochalina fistulosa, Ridley, 1884: 420; Ridley & Dendy,
1887: 32; Hechtel, 1976: 254.
Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 332; Ridley
& Dendy, 1887: 36; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10 [non
Oceanapia robusta (Bowerbank, 1866: 304); cf. van Soest,
1980: 85; de Weerdt, 1985: 75].
Oceanapia atlantica sensu Hechtel, 1976: 254 [non Oceanapia
atlantica Lévi, 1969: 967; taxonomic decision present
paper].
Oceanapia fistulosa, Burton, 1934: 546; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 9; van Soest, 1980: 85; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 159;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 316; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 94; Alcolado, 2002: 68.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1877.5.21.1165a,
1877.5.21.1353.
TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Freemantle (SE Indian Ocean).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley
& Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic,
Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002). W Australia,
N Australia, Indian Ocean (Kenya; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993),
Azores (cf. Ridley & Dendy, 1887; Burton, 1934), Tropical
West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: (1) The Atlantic records of this species were
considered questionable by Burton (1934). (2) Ridley
& Dendy (1887) reported that the inside labels of both
R. fistulosa and O. robusta (“off Bahia”) were different
from the outside labels (“off Bermuda, shallow water”),
but also that there could be little doubt on the Brazilian
origin of the Challenger record (as O. robusta). (3) The
Brazilian specimens of Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley &
Dendy, 1887 are deposited in BMNH 1887.5.2.244 (Fig.
11H). (4) The collection site of O. robusta (off Salvador)
was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger
crew (cf. Introduction).
" Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919)
Phloeodictyon nodosum George & Wilson, 1919: 152.
Pellina nodosa, van Soest, 1980: 80; Zea, 1987: 124.
Oceanapia isodictyiformis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187 (non
Phloeodictyon isodictyiformis Carter, 1882b: 122).
Oceanapia nodosa, Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 94; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Ribeiro,
1999: 103; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 68;
Prado et al., 2004: 129; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;
Diaz, 2005: 469; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy &
Taxonomic List
Hajdu, 2006: 77; Marinho et al., 2010: 268.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 23611.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). MARANHÃO
STATE: Off Serrano do Maranhão (N.O.A.S. sta. 1749a,
00º03’N–44º32’W, 63 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999
[description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED: RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado
et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos
Búzios (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et
al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];
Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Niterói (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999
[description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marinho et al.,
2010 [pharmacology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ihabela
(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999
[faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Curaçao, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Florida,
North Carolina), Jamaica, Bermuda, Panama (van Soest,
1980; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz,
2005).
" Oceanapia nodulosa (Hechtel, 1983)
Adocia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 252.
Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983: 65.
Oceanapia nodulosa sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 396
(non Oceanapia nodulosa (Topsent, 1928) [senior
homonym]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5705 (Fig. 12A).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870)
Rhizochalina oleracea Schmidt, 1870: 35; Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Oceanapia oleracea, Wilson, 1902: 395; van Soest, 1993: 212;
Diaz, 2005: 469.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-026 (fragments;
109
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS:Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (18 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Antilles (Schmidt, 1870),
Panama (Diaz, 2005), U.S. Virgin Islands (Wilson, 1902).
Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was
not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels
of specimens YPM 8951 and 8981.
" Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870)
Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870: 42; Wilson, 1902: 390;
Alcolado, 1976: 4.
Oceanapia peltata, van Soest, 1993: 212; Alcolado, 2002: 69;
Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 96.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimen identified by
Schmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1870.5.3.122
(fragments; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida (French Reef).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmidt, 1870), Colombia,
Cuba, Curaçao, Panama (Alcolado, 1976, 2002; Diaz,
2005), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Cape Verde (van
Soest, 1993).
" Oceanapia putridosa (Lamarck, 1815)
Rhizochalina putridosa Lamarck, 1815: 168; Ridley & Dendy,
1886: 332; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 33; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 10; Hechtel, 1976: 254.
Oceanapia putridosa, Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994: 337.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 650.
TYPE LOCALITY: W Australia: King George Sound, Albany.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley
& Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Hooper & Wiedenmayer,
1994).
REMARKS: (1) This Australian species was recorded from
Brazil based on a few fragments of fistules, assigned to
this species with a question mark by Ridley & Dendy
(1887). It is unlikely that this identification was correct;
furthermore, the Brazilian specimens are effectively
unrecognizable, since the sponge body was not collected.
(2) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record
(off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.
Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
110
SUBORDER SPONGILLINA MANCONI &
PRONZATO, 2002 (Freshwater sponges)
Family Metaniidae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 14
! Acalle Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863 (by original
designation).
" Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863)
Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863: 456.
Acalle recurvata, Gray, 1867a: 552; Penney, 1960: 32; Penney
& Racek, 1968: 154; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1972: 304; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976:
83; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986:
502; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 25; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2002: 990; Batista et al., 2003: 531; Roque et
al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 127;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007:
624; Roque et al., 2010: 133.
Tubella recurvata, Carter, 1881b: 98; Potts, 1887: 250; Weltner,
1895: 129; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 43; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961: 5.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.3 (fragment).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Parintins,
Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás,
Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).
São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves
Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007
[faunistics]). MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia
River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, Varal
Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region:
AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari, Juruá
River (Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]). Manaus, Negro
River (Manaus harbor, Igarapé do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé
Lake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).
Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original
description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b
[description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895
[checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];
Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian
& Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002

[description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ
STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata
Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS STATE:
Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond; Pond 2;
Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Penney
& Racek, 1968; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976),
Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005).
REMARKS: In most studies in the XIXth century (e.g., Bowerbank,
1863; Gray, 1867a; Weltner, 1895) and beginning of the
XXth century, Parintins was called by its former name,
Villa Nova.
! Corvomeyenia Weltner, 1913
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Meyenia everetti Mills, 1884 (by original
designation).
" Corvomeyenia epilithosa Volkmer-Ribeiro, de Rosa-
Barbosa & Machado, 2005
Corvomeyenia epilithosa Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005: 845.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2844. Paratypes MCN 2784,
2793, 2799, 2802–2807, 2843, 2858, 4572, 4573.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Cambará
do Sul, Tigre Preto River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Cambará do
Sul, Tigre Preto River (Serra Geral National Park,
29o04’48.77”S–49o59’18.65”W; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2005 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Corvomeyenia thumi (Traxler, 1895)
Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Gee, 1931a: 51.
Corvomeyenia thumi, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 320; Sifeddine
et al., 1994: 1647; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 155;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Turcq, 1996: 186; Turcq et al., 1998:
140; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 5; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005:
847; Almeida et al., 2009: 127.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Porto Ferreira (cf.
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 – see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: MATO
GROSSO DO SUL STATE: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). North
Region: AMAZON BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Marabá
(Serra dos Carajás, 6º30’S–49º30’W; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1992 [description]; Sifeddine et al., 1994 [spicules in
Taxonomic List
sediments]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Turcq, 1996 [spicules in
sediments]; Turcq et al., 1998 [spicules in sediments]).
Oriximiná (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005 [faunistics]). RORAIMA
STATE: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island,
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1998a [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2005 [faunistics]), Serrinha Creek (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1992 [description]). Northeast Region: EASTERN
ATLANTIC BASIN: BAHIA STATE: Salvador, Parque
do Abaeté (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]).
EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: CEARÁ STATE:
Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b
[spicules in sediment]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Nísia Floresta
(Seca Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in
sediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:
MARANHÃO STATE: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis
Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (da
Coceira Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]).
Southeast Region: BASIN OF SÃO FRANCISCO:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al.,
2009 [spongillites]). PARANÁ BASIN: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895 [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Porto
Ferreira (São Geraldo Farm, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Traxler (1895) described Tubella thumi based
on fossil material from spongillites in São Paulo State,
but gave no indication of the precise location or where
the material was deposited. (2) Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992)
redescribed the species (as Corvomeyenia thumi) based
on extant and fossil material and proposed Porto Ferreira
(São Paulo State) as the type locality.
! Drulia Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Drulia brownii (Bowerbank, 1863)
Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863: 457.
Spongilla batesii Bowerbank, 1863: 459; Gray, 1867a: 552.
Spongilla batesi, Austen, 1896: 779; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a:
248; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332.
Drulia brownii, Gray, 1867a: 552; Penney, 1960: 39; Penney &
Racek, 1968: 156; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1974: 286; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83;
111
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 16;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1983: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986:
504; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989: 147; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 188; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,
2000: 21; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 994; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2002: 25; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batista
et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et
al., 2008: 158.
Drulia browni, Batista et al., 2003: 531; Manconi & Pronzato,
2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 128.
Drulia batesi, Gray, 1867a: 552; Berroa-Belén, 1966a: 42 (in
part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Berroa-
Belén, 1968: 289 (in part).
Drulia batesii, Penney & Racek, 1968: 159; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 286; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:
89; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85.
Parmula brownii, Carter, 1881b: 99; Potts, 1887: 257; Gravier,
1899: 127; Gee, 1931a: 34; Gee, 1932: 35; Schröder, 1932:
161; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.
Parmula browni, Weltner, 1895: 129; Arndt, 1930: 48.
Parmula batesi, Weltner, 1895: 129; Cordero, 1923: 134;
Cordero, 1924: 119; de Laubenfels, 1936: 37; Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964a: 248.
Parmula batesii, Carter, 1881b: 99; Potts, 1887: 257; Gee,
1931a: 33; Gee, 1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 54; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961: 6.
Parmula brownii var. tuberculata Potts, 1887: 258; Gee, 1932:
35.
Parmula rusbyi Potts, 1887: 259; Weltner, 1895: 129.
Parmula brownii var. rusbyi, Gee, 1931a: 48; Gee, 1932: 35.
Parmula geayi Gravier, 1899: 126; Gee, 1931a: 39; Gee, 1932:
35; Penney, 1960: 55.
Spongilla franciscana Lutz & Machado, 1915: 49; Gee, 1931a:
38; Gee, 1932: 38; Penney, 1960: 18; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 6.
Drulia brownii var. rusbyi, Penney, 1960: 40.
Drulia brownii var. tuberculata, Penney, 1960: 40.
Drulia rusbyi, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85.
Drulia geayi, Penney & Racek, 1968: 157; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:
89; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.8 (by monotypy;
cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Manaus, Solimões
River (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: São Miguel do
Araguaia, Araguaia River (Piratinga Lake; Batista et
al., 2003 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).
MATO GROSSO STATE: Locality not informed, Xingú
112
River (Garapu Creek; Mothes de Moraes, 1983
[description]). Barra do Garças, Liberdade and Bento
Gomes rivers (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]).
Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Varal Pond; Batista et al.,
2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Amazonas
River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Gray,
1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts,
1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee,
1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960
[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney &
Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];
Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002
[description]). Locality not informed, Branco River
(Arndt, 1930 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]). Locality not informed, Negro River
(Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Arndt, 1930 [description];
Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976
[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de
Moraes, 1983 [description]). Localities not informed,
Cuieiras River (Igarapé Amataura), Solimões River,
Tarumã-Mirim River, Preto da Eva River, Uatumã River,
Juruá River, Tefé-Ega River (Mothes de Moraes, 1983
[description]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do
Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974
[ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá
River (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Manaus,
Solimões River (Igapós of Marchantaria Island; Austen,
1896 [faunistics]; Gravier, 1899 [faunistics]; Penney &
Racek, 1968 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1995 [faunistics]). Manaus, Negro River (Arndt, 1930
[description]; Tupé Lake, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,
2005 [faunistics]). PARÁ STATE: Locality not informed,
Tapajós River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description];
Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee,
1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney &
Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];
Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Maués,
Maués-Açú River (Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976
[checklist]). Óbidos, Lago Grande (Santa Fé; Arndt,
1930 [description]). Santarém, Arapiuns River (Gurupi
Bridge, Mentai Creek; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Locality not
informed, Guaporé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:
PARÁ STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da
Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS

STATE: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond;
Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:
SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: BAHIA STATE: Locality not
informed, Grande River (Lutz & Machado, 1915
[description]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Gee,
1932 [checklist – but see remarks]; Penney, 1960
[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989
[faunistics]). Locality not informed, Carinhanha River
(Lutz & Machado, 1915 [description – see remarks];
Cordero, 1924 [description]; Gee, 1932 [checklist – but
see remarks]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). South
Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Locality not
informed, Paraná River (Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed (Gee, 1932
[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2002 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007
[conservation]). São Vicente do Sul, rivers Ibicuí and
Toropí (Pond in Santa Fé Farm, 29º48’30”S–54º36’30”W;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1983 [description]; Amaral et al.,
2008 [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Cordero, 1923, 1924; Bonetto
& Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b,
1968a; Mothes de Moraes, 1983; Ezcurra de Drago,
1993, 1995, 2004), Bolivia (Weltner, 1895; Potts, 1887;
Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960), Guyana (Carter, 1881b;
Potts, 1887; Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Manconi & Pronzato,
2005), Venezuela (Gravier, 1899; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney,
1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Mothes de Moraes, 1983;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The syntypes of Spongilla batesi are deposited
at ZMB-Por 7979 (Carsten Lüter, pers. comm., 2011).
(2) Gee (1932) reported Spongilla franciscana from São
Francisco River, but it was actually collected in two of its
tributaries (cf. Lutz & Machado, 1915). (3) The original
type locality was “Amazon River”, but it was corrected to
Manaus in Solimões River by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares
(1995). (4) Lutz & Machado (1915), in the legend of their
plate 9, reported Spongilla franciscana from “Muquem,
Rio Carinhanha”, but Muquém do São Francisco is
located in São Francisco River, not in Carinhanha River.
We consider this record as being from Carinhanha River,
since Muquém was not cited in their text.
Taxonomic List
" Drulia conifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973
Drulia conifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a: 20;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 24;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 194; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Pauls, 2000: 24; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: MNHN unregistered (cf. Bonetto & Ezcurra
de Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995).
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Puerto Ordaz, Orinoco River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Casiquiaré
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]).
PARÁ STATE: Oriximiná, Trombetas River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]). Santarém, Tapajós
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]).
Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1995 [faunistics]; Tucuruí H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Mothes de Moraes, 1983;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
REMARKS: The original type locality was “Orinoco River”, but
it was restricted to Puerto Ordaz in Orinoco River by
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995).
" Drulia cristata (Weltner, 1895)
Parmula cristata Weltner, 1895: 143; Gee, 1931a: 36; Gee,
1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 55; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7.
Drulia cristata, Penney & Racek, 1968: 158; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980:
87; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983:
22; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 504; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995:
189; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 22; Batista et al.,
2003: 532; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 2117. Schizoholotypes
MCN 0550 (slides), USNM 150/369 (slide).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Tapajós River
(cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Tapajós
River (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee,
1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960
[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney &
Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de Moraes,
1983 [description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]).
113
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Porto
Velho, Jamari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995
[description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ
STATE: Marabá, Itacaiúnas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Tavares, 1995 [description]). TOCANTINS STATE:
Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista
et al., 2003 [description]). Northeast Region: SÃO
FRANCISCO BASIN: SERGIPE STATE: Canindé do São
Francisco, São Francisco River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 1995 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005).
REMARKS: The type locality, originally defined simply as
“Tapajós River”, was restricted to Santarém in Tapajós
River by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995).
" Drulia ctenosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de
Moraes, 1981
Drulia ctenosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes,
1981: 117; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 26; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Tavares, 1995: 194; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006: 900;
Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007:
138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Vasconcelos-
Santos et al., 2010: 118.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 91. Paratypes MCN 82, 179.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Negro River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Negro River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1981 [original
description]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]).
Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Tavares, 1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: São Miguel do Araguaia, Crixás
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). PARÁ STATE:
Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Nazaré dos Patos, Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). TOCANTINS
STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2006 [pathology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics];
Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010 [pathology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1968
Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a:
211; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 51; Ezcurra de
Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b:
114
181 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 190; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Pauls, 2000: 22; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132;
Batista et al., 2003: 532; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Almeida, 2005: 128; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006: 900;
Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista,
2007: 138; Fusari et al., 2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009: 345; Roque
et al., 2010: 133; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010: 118;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
Drulia brownii sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 16 [in part;
non Drulia brownii (Bowerbank, 1863)].
Drulia uruguaiensis, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991:
178 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Província de Entre Rios, Federación,
Uruguay River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás,
Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO
GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Cristalino
River, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007
[faunistics]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: MATO GROSSO
STATE: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso
H.P.S.; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]).
PARANÁ BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Corumbaíba, Corumbá
River (Corumbá H.P.S.; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2002 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE: Três
Lagoas, Paraná River (Jupiá Reservoir, Fusari et al.,
2008 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North
Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Manaus,
Negro River (Manaus harbour, Tupé Lake; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Novo Airão, Prato
Lake (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 ([description]).
Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 ([description]). PARÁ STATE:
Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1993 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995
[description]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Porto Velho, Verde
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]).
RORAIMA STATE: Amajari, Ereu River (Roque et al., 2010
[ecology]). Bonfim, da Arraia Creek (Roque et al., 2010
[ecology]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ
STATE: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009
[ecology]). TOCANTINS STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006 [pathology]; Volkmer-

Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2008a [faunistics]; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010
[pathology]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al.,
2003 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). SÃO
PAULO STATE: Itapura, Tietê River (Fusari et al., 2008
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná and Uruguay basins;
Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a, 1970; Ezcurra de
Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra
de Drago, 1993, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1995), Suriname, Venezuela (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
! Houssayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1966.
" Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1966
Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966:
130; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto
& Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra de Drago &
Bonetto, 1969: 366; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1971: 54; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 86; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:
89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995:
590; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 996; Ezcurra de Drago
et al., 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b: 244.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Iguazú Falls, Salto San Martin
(Provincia de Misiones).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Aratiba,
Uruguai River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
2008b [conservation]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Barra do
Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Guaíba, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
Taxonomic List
Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO
SUL STATE: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]).
São Francisco de Assis, Itú River (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1971 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976
[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi
& Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). São Vicente do
Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1966, 1967b, 1968a, 1969; Ezcurra de
Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2002; Ezcurra de Drago et al.,
2004).
! Metania Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863.
" Metania fittkaui Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979
Metania fittkaui Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979: 640; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 61, deposited at MNRJ 05
(Fig. 12B). Paratypes MCN 47, 53, 59, 60, 62, 78, 362,
BMNH 1978.12.12.10.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Aduja Creek, Itú River (tributary of Negro
River).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Itú River
(Aduja Creek, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]).
Locality not informed, Branquinho River (Cachoeira
Creek; branch of Cuieiras River; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1979 [original description]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Porto
Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Volkmer-Ribeiro (1979) recorded this species from
“Branquinho River (branch of Cuieiras River), Pará
State”, but rivers Cuieiras and Branquinho are located in
Amazonas State.
" Metania kiliani Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992
Metania kiliani Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992: 10; Volkmer-
115
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2008b: 249.
Metania spinata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984: 544 (in part);
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494 (in part) [non Metania
spinata (Carter, 1881b)].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 71, deposited in MNRJ (lost).
Paratype MCN 228.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2007 [conservation]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]).
North Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE:
Localities not informed, Amazonas River, Cuieras River
(Cachoeira Creek), Branquinho River, Negro River
(Tarumazinho; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008b [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Metania reticulata (Bowerbank, 1863)
Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863: 455.
Metania reticulata, Gray, 1867a: 551; Penney, 1960: 46;
Penney & Racek, 1968: 148; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975:
41; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 258; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1984: 542; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Pauls, 2000: 24; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 988; Batista
et al., 2003: 532; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237;
Batista et al., 2007: 626; Roque et al., 2010: 133.
Tubella reticulata, Carter, 1881b: 97; Potts, 1887: 249; Weltner,
1895: 129; Austen, 1896: 779; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932:
43; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5.
Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a: 132; Machado, 1947b:
2 (in part).
Tubella mello-leitaoi, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5 (in part).
Metania sp., Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974:
288.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH BK-1435 (Bowerbank
collection).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Parintins,
Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCAN-
TINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO
GROSSO STATE: Locality not informed, Tapirapés River
(Machado, 1947a,b [description]). Cocalinho, Araguaia
River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, Varal
Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region:
AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Localities not
informed, Branquinho River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981
116
[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]), Cuieras River,
Garapú River, Itapirapés River, Itú River, Negro River
(Austen, 1896 [description]), Tupana River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Carauari, Juruá River
(Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Eirunepé, Juruá
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Manaus,
Negro River (including Tupé Lake and Igapó do Tarumã-
Mirim; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Roque
et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,
2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).
Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original
description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b
[description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner,
1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932
[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek,
1968 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984
[description]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]).
PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Arapiuns River (Gurupi Bridge;
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]).
Santarém, Maró River (Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:
PARÁ STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da
Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]). TOCANTINS
STATE: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond,
Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Lagoa da Confusão
(Urubu River, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [description]).
South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Guaíba,
Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Porto
Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984, 1986;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato,
2005).
REMARKS: (1) The original description of Tubella mello-leitaoi
was actually based on an association of Trochospongilla
pennsylvanica and Metania reticulata (cf. Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983). (2) The city of Parintins was
called “Villa Nova” by Bowerbank (1863) and most other
earlier authors.

" Metania spinata (Carter, 1881)
Tubella spinata Carter, 1881b: 96; Potts, 1887: 249; Traxler,
1895: 240 (in part); Weltner, 1895: 129; Gee, 1931a: 49;
Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 59; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 5.
Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Gee, 1932: 44 (non
Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) [= Corvomeyenia
thumi]).
Metania spinata, Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 175; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1984: 544 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494
(in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 322; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Costa, 1992: 8; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149;
Melão & Rocha, 1996a: 61; Melão & Rocha, 1996b: 68;
Melão & Rocha, 1997: 2; Melão & Rocha, 1998: 2098;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Melão & Rocha,
1999: 6; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 5; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Roque et al., 2004:
292; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3238; Gorni & Alves,
2008: 262; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009:
127; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,
2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1890.1.9.101 (specimen
lost; slide 45). Paralectotypes BMNH 1890.1.9.99,
1890.1.9.100, 1890.1.9.247 (specimens not found; slides
43, 44, 46; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: MATO
GROSSO STATE: Campo Novo do Parecís, do Sangue River
(Garganta de Jararaca H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2010c [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: GOIÁS
STATE: São Simão, Alecrim Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). MATO GROSSO DO
SUL STATE: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). Taquarussu,
Samambaia Lake (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W;
Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]). North
Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality
not informed, Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [original
description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895
[checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];
Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Localities not informed,
Branquinho River, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek),
Negro River (Tarumazinho; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984
[description]). Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Presidente Figueiredo,
Urubu Stream (km 121 Creek, 01º55’47”S–60º03’00”W;
Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).
Taxonomic List
PARÁ STATE: Óbidos, Amazonas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Costa, 1992 [description]). RORAIMA STATE: Alto
Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island, Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]).
Normandia, Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000
[spicules in sediment]). Northeast Region: WESTERN
NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: MARANHÃO STATE: Santo
Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico
Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia,
Lençóis Maranhenses (da Coceira Pond, Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region:
PARANÁ BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: Conceição das
Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dos
Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules
in sediment]). Santa Vitória (Degredo Pond, Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). SÃO
PAULO STATE: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895
[spicules in sediment]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Brotas,
Lagoa Dourada Reservoir, Jacaré Reservoir (Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa,
1992 [description]; Melão & Rocha, 1996a [ecology];
Melão & Rocha, 1996b [faunistics]; Melão & Rocha,
1997 [ecology]; Melão & Rocha, 1998 [ecology]; Melão
& Rocha, 1999 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology];
Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Itirapina, Dourada
Pond (Gorni & Alves, 2008 [ecology]). Porto Ferreira
(Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]). SÃO FRANCISCO
BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: João Pinheiro (Almeida et
al., 2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN:
PARANÁ STATE: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Suriname (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
" Metania subtilis Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979
Metania subtilis Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979: 641; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005:
127.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 48, deposited at MNRJ 04
(fragments). Paratypes MCN 48 (fragments; cf. Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1979).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Branquinho River (Tributary of Cueiras River
– but see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Branquinho
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [original description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Manaus, Negro
117
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
River (Manaus harbour, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,
2005 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Volkmer-Ribeiro (1979) recorded this species from
“Branquinho River (branch of Cuieiras River), Pará
State”, but rivers Cuieiras and Branquinho are located in
Amazonas State.
Family Potamolepidae Brien, 1967
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 10
! Oncosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b (by original
designation).
" Oncosclera intermedia (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973)
Stratospongilla intermedia Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973a: 25.
Oncosclera intermedia, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,
2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Locality not informed, Orinoco
River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Manaus, Negro River (Manaus
harbour, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]).
ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ STATE:
Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S.
Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,
2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
" Oncosclera jewelli (Volkmer, 1963)
Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b: 271.
Spongilla (Stratospongilla) jewelli, Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1968: 43.
Oncosclera jewelli, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970: 436; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:
89; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1008; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2002: 25; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al.,
2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008b: 233; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 121.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 01 (Fig. 12C). Paratypes
MCN 01. Topotype BMNH 1978.12.12.12.
118
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: São
Francisco de Paula, Tainhas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ
STATE: Prudentópolis, dos Patos River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not
informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [conservation];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). São Francisco
de Paula, Tainhas River (Volkmer, 1963b [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 [description];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002
[description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008b [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Oncosclera navicella (Carter, 1881)
Spongilla navicella Carter, 1881b: 87; Potts, 1887: 195;
Weltner, 1895: 119; Gee, 1931a: 44; Gee, 1932: 41; Penney,
1960: 25; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6; Bonetto & Ezcurra,
1962: 212; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 247; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1968a: 216; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970:
45; Brien, 1970: 183.
Spongilla (Stratospongilla) navicella, Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1967b: 335; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b:
430; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de
Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365.
Oncosclera navicella, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970: 437; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1975: 42; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976: 85; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984:
131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; Tavares
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 103; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,
2000: 19; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Pinheiro
et al., 2003: 3; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Batista et al., 2003:
531; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Roque et al., 2004:
292; Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2005: 237; Tavares et
al., 2005: 338; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1009;
Marchese et al., 2005: 489; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida,
2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al.,
2007: 623; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2008a: 170; Fusari et al., 2009: 62; Roque et al., 2010: 133;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 116; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2010c: 343.
Drulia uruguayensis sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 181 (in
part) (non Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1968a: 44).

Oncosclera navicela, Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Fusari et al., 2008:
522 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH unregistered (cf. Tavares &
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Parintins,
Amazonas River (see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [description]). São Miguel
do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake,
Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [description]). MATO
GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido
Lake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Varal Lake;
Batista et al., 2007 [description]). PARAGUAY RIVER
BASIN: MATO GROSSO STATE: Cáceres, Paraguai River
(Marchese et al., 2005 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN:
MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE: Chapada dos Guimarães,
Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista &
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Três Lagoas, Paraná
River (near or in Jupiá Reservoir; Roque et al., 2004
[ecology]; Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]; Roque & Trivinho-
Strixino, 2005 [ecology]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics];
Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZON
BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed,
Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 [description];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Locality not informed, Tapajós
River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Manaus, Negro
River (Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé Lake; Roque et
al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005
[faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Parintins,
Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [original description –
see remarks]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895
[checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];
Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). PARÁ
STATE: Santarém, Tapajós River (Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Porto
Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997
[description]). Rurópolis, Tambor River (Fusari et al.,
2009 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:
PARÁ STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River
(da Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]).
Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Nazaré dos Patos; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Tavares &
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). TOCANTINS
STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2008a [faunistics]), Taquari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River
(da Queimada Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]).
Taxonomic List
Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Jacarés Pond; Batista
et al., 2003 [description]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River
(Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:
SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: BAHIA STATE: Sento Sé, São
Francisco River (Sem-Sem Lake, Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Southeast Region:
PARANÁ BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: Araguari,
Paranaíba River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description];
Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁ
BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Localities not informed,
rivers Piquiri and Ivaí (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,
2010 [faunistics]). Campina da Lagoa, Piquiri River
(Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005
[description]). Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná River (Iguaçu
Falls, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Guaíra, Paraná
River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c
[faunistics]). Iretama, Formoso River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Localities not
informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]; Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1984 [faunistics]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro,
Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Nova Petrópolis,
Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto
Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003
[description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). Porto
Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]). Rio Grande, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1975 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Santa
Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962,
1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1968a,b,
1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007),
Uruguay (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997), Venezuela
(Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005), Democratic
Republic of the Congo (Central Africa; Brien, 1970).
119
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
REMARKS: Carter (1881b) described Spongilla navicella based
on material associated to Bowerbank’s specimens of
Metania reticulata, which were collected in Parintins
(known as Vila Nova at that time; cf. Bowerbank, 1863).
" Oncosclera petricola (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1967)
Spongilla (Stratospongilla) petricola Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1967b: 344; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969:
365; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 53.
Spongilla petricola, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85.
Oncosclera petricola, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984:
133; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Batista & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia de Misiones, Uruguay
River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARAGUAY RIVER
BASIN: MATO GROSSO STATE: Chapada dos Guimarães,
Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). South Region:
SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Candelária,
Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: São
Francisco de Assis, Itú River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago &
Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).
" Oncosclera schubarti (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1967)
Spongilla (Euspongilla) schubarti Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1967b: 339; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b:
430; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 353; Ezcurra
de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1970: 52.
Spongilla schubarti, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76.
Oncosclera schubarti, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; de Rosa-
120
Barbosa, 1984: 134; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002:
125; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Ezcurra de Drago et
al., 2007: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia de Misiones, Cuñá Pirú
Stream.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: GOIÁS
STATE: Corumbaíba, Libório Stream (Corumbá H.P.S.,
17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002
[description]). Ipameri, Santo Antônio Stream (Batista
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [description]). North Region:
ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: TOCANTINS STATE:
Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2008a [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Arroio do Tigre,
Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1967b, 1968b, 1969, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto,
1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004; Ezcurra de Drago
et al., 2007).
" Oncosclera spinifera (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973)
Stratospongilla spinifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a:
23.
Oncosclera spinifera, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19;
Batista et al., 2003: 531; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 623; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Locality not informed, Orinoco
River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River
(Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO STATE:
Cocalinho, Araguaia River and Cristalino River (Batista et
al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Amazonas
River (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a [original

description]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Presidente
Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Balbina H.P.S.; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]). RONDÔNIA
STATE: Candeias do Jamari, Jamari River (Samuel
H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]).
ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Santarém,
Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santarém, Tapajós River
(Alter do Chão, Araroa Beach; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1993 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Tucuruí
H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). TOCANTINS
STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a
[faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003
[description]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River (Batista et
al., 2007 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin, Ezcurra de
Drago, 2004), Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,
2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
" Oncosclera tonollii (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1968)
Spongilla (Stratospongilla) tonollii Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1968b: 433.
Spongilla tonollii, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76.
Spongilla (Stratospongilla) tonolli, Ezcurra de Drago &
Bonetto, 1969: 361.
Oncosclera tonollii, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Ezcurra de
Drago, 2004: 201.
Oncosclera tonolli, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1011;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Parolin, 2010: 123.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Salto Grande, Uruguay River
(Provincia de Entre Rios).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: TOCANTINS STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). South
Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Campina
da Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]). Santa Maria do
Oeste, Piquiri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Uruguay Basin, Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto,
1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de
Drago, 2004).
Taxonomic List
! Potamophloios Brien, 1969
TYPE SPECIES: Potamolepis stendelli Jaffé, 1916.
" Potamophloios guairensis Volkmer-Ribeiro, Parolin,
Oliveira & Menezes, 2010
Potamophloios guairensis Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 342;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 125.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 7860. Paratypes MCN 3533,
3534.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARANÁ STATE: Guaíra, Paraná River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ
STATE: Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [original description]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Sterrastrolepis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1978
Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
TYPE SPECIES:
Rosa-Barbosa, 1978.
" Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1978
Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1978: 104; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1979: 508; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1986: 501; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1011; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1007; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007:
119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,
2008: 235; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 124.
Stratospongilla brasiliensis Ezcurra de Drago, 1978: 105.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype and paratype MNRJ 92. Schizotypes
(fragments and slides) MCN unregistered, BMNH
1978.12.12.3, 1978.12.12.4
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: GOIÁS STATE: Paraúna, Turvo River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2007 [conservation]). Midwest Region: PARANÁ
BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Paraúna, Turvo River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 [original description];
Ezcurra de Drago, 1978 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008 [conservation]). South
Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Campina
da Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]; Amaral et al.,
2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008
[conservation]). Carlópolis, Itararé River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 [original description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Parolin, 2005 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin,
121
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
2008 [conservation]). Santa Maria do Oeste, Piquiri
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis and Stratospongilla
brasiliensis were described in the same year, but the name
Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis has priority because it was
published in June (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1978), while Stratospongilla brasiliensis was published in
December (Ezcurra de Drago, 1978).
! Uruguaya Carter, 1881b
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863.
" Uruguaya corallioides (Bowerbank, 1863)
Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863: 460; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago &
Bonetto, 1969: 365.
Drulia coralloides, Gray, 1867a: 552 (misspelling).
Uruguaya corallioides, Carter, 1881b: 100; Potts, 1887: 268;
Hinde, 1888: 6; Weltner, 1895: 130; Cordero, 1923: 134;
Cordero, 1924: 114; Cordero, 1928: 260; Gee, 1932: 44;
Penney, 1960: 60; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 255; Berroa-
Belén, 1966b: 39 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1967b: 332; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 285; Bonetto & Ezcurra
de Drago, 1968a: 216; Penney & Racek, 1968: 144; Kilian
& Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1979: 505; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 17; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 18; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002:
1014; Pinheiro et al., 2003: 6; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:
201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007:
624; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Fusari et al., 2008: 522;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c: 247; Roque
et al., 2010: 133.
Uruguaya coralloides, Gee, 1931a: 36 (misspelling).
Uruguaya macandrewi Hinde, 1888: 4 (in part); Weltner,
1895: 130 (in part); Gee, 1932: 44 (in part); Bonetto
& Ezcurra, 1964a: 256 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1967b: 332 (in part); Berroa-Belén, 1968: 287
(in part); Penney & Racek, 1968: 145 (in part); Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83 (in part).
Uruguaya macandrewsi, Gee, 1931a: 42 (in part); Penney,
1960: 60 (in part).
Uruguayella macandrewi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:
356 (in part).
Uruguayella repens, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356
(in part); Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201.
Stratospongilla corallioides, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973a: 26.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.4.
122
Uruguay: Salto Grande, Uruguay River.
TYPE LOCALITY:
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2007 [conservation]). Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: São Miguel
do Araguaia, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007
[faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: MATO GROSSO DO SUL
STATE: Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Jupiá; Fusari et al.,
2008 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
2008c [conservation]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).
North Region: AMAZON BASIN: STATE NOT INFORMED
(Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). AMAZONAS
STATE: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Cordero,
1928 [faunistics]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]). Locality not informed,
Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]).
RORAIMA STATE: Amajari, Ereu River (Roque et al., 2010
[ecology]). Bonfim, da Arraia Creek (Roque et al., 2010
[ecology]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: SÃO
PAULO STATE: Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003
[description]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]).
South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). General
Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]). Viamão (Negra Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1981 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO
SUL STATE: Aratiba, Uruguay River (Itá H.P.S.; Manconi
& Pronzato, 2002 [description]). São Francisco de
Assis, Itú River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969 [description]).
Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original
description – see remarks]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Potts,
1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [faunistics]; Cordero,
1923 [faunistics]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Cordero,
1928 [faunistics]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960
[checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
2008c [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Cordero, 1928; Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b,
1968a, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra
de Drago, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1979, 2008c), Paraguay, Uruguay (Bowerbank, 1863;
Carter, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Hinde, 1888; Weltner, 1895;
Cordero, 1924, 1928; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960;
Penney & Racek, 1968; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1979, 2008c; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Manconi

& Pronzato, 2002), Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi
& Pronzato, 2002, 2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 2008c).
REMARKS: (1) According to Cordero (1924), Bowerbank
(1863) misspelled Uruguay River as “Winguay River” and
erroneously illustrated Salto Grande in Itapurá River, a
tributary of Amazonas River. This mistake was followed
by several authors such as Potts (1887), Weltner (1895),
and Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian (1976). (2) Mello-
Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from
Paraná River, although quoting Cordero (1928), who
recorded it from Amazonas and Uruguay rivers. (3) The
original description of Uruguaya macandrewi was based
on an epibiosis of U. corallioides over Trochospongilla
repens (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979).
Family Spongillidae Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 14 SPECIES: 28
! Anheteromeyenia Schröder, 1927
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla argyrosperma Potts, 1880 (by subsequent
designation; Penney & Racek, 1968).
" Anheteromeyenia ornata (Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1970)
Radiospongilla ornata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 39;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 122.
Anheteromeyenia ornata, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996: 34; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2002: 25; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a: 236.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Misiones Province, Paranay Guazú
creek.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River
(Antônia Creek; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]). South Region:
SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002
[conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]).
Candiota, Candiota stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a
[conservation]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]).
Santana da Boa Vista, Moinho Stream (de Rosa-Barbosa,
Taxonomic List
1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1970; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981, 2008a;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).
REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,
no specimens from the type series have been deposited at
either the INALI or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra
de Drago and Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011).
! Corvoheteromeyenia Ezcurra de Drago, 1979b
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Corvomeyenia australis Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1966 (by monotypy).
" Corvoheteromeyenia australis (Bonetto & Ezcurra
de Drago, 1966)
Corvomeyenia australis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966:
137; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1974a: 237; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976:
81; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89.
Corvoheteromeyenia australis Ezcurra de Drago, 1979b: 110;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002:
931; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:
201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Amaral et
al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008: 238.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Laguna de Guadalupe
(Paraná Basin).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Mostardas (dos Gateados pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro,
dos Gateados pond, do Casamento Pond; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State
Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Amaral et al.,
2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008
[conservation]). Tapes (pond C, das Capivaras pond;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1966; Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a, 1993;
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 2008).
REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,
no specimens have been deposited at either the INALI
123
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Drago and
Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011).
" Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera (Ezcurra de
Drago, 1974)
Corvomeyenia heterosclera Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a: 233;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89.
Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 14; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 20;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007:
119; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 158; Amaral et
al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008: 239;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009: 338.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHNM 22.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: Northeast Region: STATE NOT
INFORMED.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2007 [conservation]). Northeast Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]).
EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]).
WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: MARANHÃO
STATE: Barreirinhas (da Pedra Pond, Vassoras Pond;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description];
Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). Santo Amaro do
Maranhão (Cajueiro Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1999 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,
2007 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]).
Tutóia (Vidro Pond, Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta
do Arpoador Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008
[conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1974a, 2004), Costa Rica (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Machado, 2009), Curaçao, Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Machado, 2007, 2008).
! Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla loricata Weltner, 1895 (by subsequent
designation; Annandale, 1911).
" Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1966
Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966:
124
133; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto
& Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago &
Bonetto, 1969: 366; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970:
52; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1988: 111; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991:
177; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 591; Batista
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 129; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 177;
Pinheiro et al., 2003: 9; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Ezcurra
de Drago, 2004: 201; Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Roque &
Trivinho-Strixino, 2005: 237; Batista et al., 2007: 620;
Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Parolin et al., 2007:
22; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al.,
2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Roque et
al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 115;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343.
Corvospongilla böhmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 38;
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981: 177 (non Spongilla böhmi Hilgendorf, 1883: 87;
Weltner, 1895: 117; non Spongilla böhmii, Potts, 1887:
205; non Corvospongilla bohmii, Gee, 1931a: 34; Penney,
1960: 35; non Corvospongilla böhmii, Gee, 1932: 27;
Penney & Racek, 1968: 56).
Corvospongilla bohmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16.
Corvospongilla boehmi sensu de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130.
Corvospongilla boehmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984:
131.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype probably lost (Inés Ezcurra de
Drago, pers. comm., 2011). Paratype MCN 23, 569
(slides; cf. de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Província de Corrientes, Paso de la
Patria, confluence of Paraná and Paraguay rivers (Paraná
Basin).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás,
Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São
Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake,
Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO STATE:
Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino
River, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al.,
2007 [faunistics]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: MATO
GROSSO STATE: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River
(Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: GOIÁS
STATE: Corumbaíba, Corumbá River (Corumbá H.P.S.,
17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002
[faunistics]). MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE: Taquarussu,
Esperança River (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W;
Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediment]). Três Lagoas,

Paraná River (near or in Jupiá Reserve; Roque et al., 2004
[ecology]; Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]; Roque & Trivinho-
Strixino, 2005 [ecology]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics];
Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZON
BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Locality not informed, Tapajós River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Santarém, Tapajós
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]).
ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Santana
do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et
al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Tucuruí
H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). TOCANTINS
STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a
[faunistics]). Araguatins, Taquari River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia
River (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Sandolândia,
Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).
Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: MINAS GERAIS
STATE: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description];
Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁ
BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Locality not informed, Piquiri
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). Guaíra (São Francisco Falso
River, São Vicente River, Ocoí River; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santa Helena, Paraná River (Itaipu
H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Localities not informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984
[faunistics]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Barra
do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]). Belém Novo (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988
[faunistics]). Eldorado do Sul, Jacuí River Delta (Tavares
et al., 2003 [description]). General Câmara, Jacuí River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988
[faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí
State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Porto
Alegre, Guaíba River (Flores Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1975 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981
[ecology]). Porto Alegre, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
Taxonomic List
et al., 1975 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988
[faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Viamão, Negra Pond (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1981 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO
SUL STATE: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraguay, Paraná and
Uruguay basins; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966,
1967b, 1969, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969;
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1988; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004; Ezcurra de
Drago et al., 2007).
REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original
description, no specimens were deposited at either the
INALI or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Drago
and Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011). According
to de Rosa-Barbosa (1988: 111), however, slides of at
least one paratype are deposited at MCN.
" Corvospongilla volkmeri de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988
Corvospongilla novae terrae sensu Carvalho, 1969: 126 [non
Corvospongilla novae terrae (Potts, 1886)].
Corvospongilla volkmeri de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988: 111;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008a: 241.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 90. Paratypes MCN 83-87.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARAÍBA STATE: Sousa, Redonda
Pond.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
2007 [conservation]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]).
Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: PARAÍBA STATE: Sousa, Redonda Pond (Carvalho,
1969 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008a
[conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Dosilia Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla plumosa Carter, 1849 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992
Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Traxler, 1895: 240 (non
Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Potts, 1881; non
Dosilia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Gee, 1931a).
Dosilia palmeri sensu Gee, 1932: 28 (in part – from Brazil
only); Penney, 1960: 39 (in part – from Brazil only) [non
Meyenia palmeri Potts, 1885; non Dosilia palmeri sensu
125
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Penney & Racek, 1968].
Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 323; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 274; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 646;
Candido et al., 2000: 79; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida
et al., 2009: 127; Candido et al., 2010: 442; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 115.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype INPA 12. Paratypes MNRJ
unregistered (lost), MCN 1379, 1509, BMNH
1989.9.25.6.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RORAIMA STATE: Alto Alegre,
Uraricoera River (Maracá Island).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Gee, 1932
[checklist]). Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: GOIÁS
STATE: São Simão, Alecrim Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). MATO GROSSO DO
SUL STATE: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). Taquarussu,
Samambaia Lake (near Paraná River, Parolin et al., 2008
[spicules in sediments]). North Region: AMAZON
BASIN: RORAIMA STATE: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera
River (Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics];
Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediments]; Candido
et al., 2010 [description]). Normandia, Caracaranã
Lake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediments];
Candido et al., 2010 [description]). Northeast Region:
EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: CEARÁ STATE:
Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b
[spicules in sediments]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Nísia Floresta, Redonda Pond (Candido et al.,
2010 [description]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: MARANHÃO STATE: Santo Amaro do Maranhão,
Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond, Lagoinha Pond;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Candido et
al., 2010 [description]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ
BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: Conceição das Alagoas
(Boa Vista Farm, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). SÃO
PAULO STATE: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895
[description]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]). Porto Ferreira
(Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [original description]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al.,
2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN:
PARANÁ STATE: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Parolin, 2010 [spicules in sediments]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816
126
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent
designation; Annandale, 1911).
" Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895
Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895: 140; Gee, 1931a: 38;
Gee, 1932: 28; Penney & Racek, 1968: 92; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979:
28; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1988: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171;
Pinheiro et al., 2004a: 1072; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005:
3238; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007a: 450; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 157; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c:
150; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 164.
Meyenia facunda, Penney, 1960: 48.
Ephydatia fecunda, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7
(misspelling).
Ephydatia fluviatilis sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1967a: 469; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88 [non Ephydatia fluviatilis
(Linnaeus, 1759)].
Ephydatia fluviatilis ramsayi sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975a:
168.
Ephydatia ramsayi forma talaensis, Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976: 77.
Ephydatia ramsayi, Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 118; Ezcurra
de Drago, 1995: 590 [non Ephydatia ramsayi (Haswell,
1882)].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 1773. Schizoholotypes
MCN 458 (slide), USNM N.G. Gee collection 54288
(slides; cf. de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality
not informed.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: ALAGOAS STATE: Barra de São
Miguel, Niquim River (Pinheiro et al., 2004a
[description]). Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). South
Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895
[original description]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932
[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1979 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]). Bagé, small pond near road to Fort
Santa Tecla (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,

2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos
Gateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c
[faunistics]). Rio Grande (Jacaré Pond, Flores Pond,
Nicola Pond, Sarita Pond, Negreiros Stream, Banhado do
Palmito, Taim Ecological Station; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). Santa
Vitória do Palmar (pond in Caçapava Farm, Mangueira
Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]). São
Lourenço do Sul, dos Patos Lagoon (de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]). Tapes (pond C, das Capivaras
pond, Redondo pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]).
Viamão (Negra pond, Patos Lagoon; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1981 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1975a, 1993,
1995; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007a), Peru
(Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a), Cuba (Manconi
& Pronzato, 2005).
! Eunapius Gray, 1867a
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla carteri Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequent
designation; Annandale, 1911).
" Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851)
Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851: 278; Potts, 1887: 197; Vejdovsky,
1887: 172; Weltner, 1895: 118; Gee, 1931a: 38; Gee, 1931b:
502; Gee, 1932: 37; Rioja, 1940: 175; Penney, 1960: 16;
Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 246; Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1967b: 332.
Spongilla (Eunapius) fragilis, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1967b: 332; Ezcurra de Drago, 1972: 116; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1974b: 249.
Eunapius fragilis, Penney & Racek, 1968: 25; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1975: 39; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 129; Ezcurra de Drago,
1993: 118; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 591; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1999: 4; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 129; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 172; Ezcurra
de Drago, 2004: 201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3236;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2007c: 150.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ANSP-PO unregistered.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARAGUAY RIVER
BASIN: MATO GROSSO STATE: Chapada dos Guimarães,
Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista
Taxonomic List
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Southeast
Region: BASIN NOT INFORMED: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895 [checklist];
Penney, 1960 [faunistics]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). South Region:
SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Localities not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Grosser, 1981 [ecology]), Delta do Jacuí State Park
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Farroupilha,
Lake of Parque Santa Rita (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Osório, Quadros Pond
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul
(Sangradouro, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c
[faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1975 [description]). Porto Alegre, Jacuí
River Delta (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). São
Francisco de Assis, Tainhas River (Tavares et al., 2003
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan: Italy, Germany, Austria,
Hungary, Switzerland, Netherland, Poland, Russia,
Canada, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Congo,
Rhodesia, Australia (Vejdovsky, 1887; Weltner, 1895;
Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1972); Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.
(Florida, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Utah; Leidy, 1851;
Potts, 1887; Gee, 1931a,b, 1932; Manconi & Pronzato,
2005), Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra,
1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993,
1995, 2004), Chile (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974b; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976), Mexico (Rioja, 1940).
REMARKS: (1) Leidy (1851) did not designate type specimens
for this species. We designate here the single original
specimen deposited at ANSP as the holotype by
monotypy. (2) This is probably a complex of sibling
species and should be revised.
! Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla baileyi Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista, Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Melão, 2007
?Heteromeyenia insignis sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 252
(non Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895: 127).
Heteromeyenia stepanowii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975:
40; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a: 51; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981:
127
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago,
1988: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Ezcurra
de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a:
410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al.,
2003: 174; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2004: 536; Tavares et al., 2005: 338 (non
Heteromeyenia stepanowii Dybowsky, 1884; Penney &
Racek, 1968; non Heteromeyenia baileyi var. stepanowii,
Penney, 1960).
Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista et al., 2007: 614; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 7056. Paratypes MCN
6073, 7392-7398.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho,
Cristalino River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).
São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves
Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [original
description]). MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia
River (Brito Lake, Comprido Lake, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão,
Luiz Alves Lake, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al.,
2007 [original description]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River
(Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). North Region:
AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Manaus, Solimões
River (Mancheteria Island, Batista et al., 2007 [original
description]). PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Curuá-Una River
(Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). RORAIMA
STATE: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]; Batista et al.,
2007 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: TOCANTINS STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:
ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Batista
et al., 2007 [original description]). SÃO FRANCISCO
BASIN: BAHIA STATE: Casa Nova, São Francisco River
(Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). WESTERN
NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: MARANHÃO STATE: Penalva,
Pindarí River (Formoso Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [original
description]). Southeast Region: SOUTHEAST
ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial
do Cabo (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).
South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Localities not informed, Caí
River (Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984
[faunistics]), Gravataí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
128
1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]),
Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]),
Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002
[faunistics]). Cambará do Sul, Camisas River (Batista
et al., 2007 [original description]). Canoas, Caí River
(Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).
Canoas, Gravataí River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description];
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007
[original description]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Montenegro (Pond
in Marrecas Farm, Bom Jardim Stream; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista
et al., 2007 [original description]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí
River (Delta do Jacuí State Park; Tavares et al., 2003
[description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]).
Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al.,
2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]; Batista
et al., 2007 [original description]). Porto Alegre, Gravataí
River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre,
Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Rio
Grande, Guaíba River (Pólvora Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1975 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, Taim Ecological
Station (Jacaré Pond, Nicola Pond; Batista et al., 2007
[original description]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Soledade,
Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares
et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original
description]). Triunfo, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream,
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Batista et al.,
2007 [original description]). Triunfo, Jacuí River (Pond
of Delapieve Farm, Passo Raso Stream; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description];
Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Viamão,
Negra Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics];
Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). URUGUAY
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Santa Maria, Ibicuí
Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares
et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original
description]). São Vicente do Sul, rivers Ibicuí Mirim
and Toropí (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares
et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a, 1988, 1993,
2004).
REMARKS: Only the Brazilian records of Heteromeyenia
stepanowii were transferred to H. cristalina; the other
South American records of H. stepanowii still need
revision (cf. Batista et al., 2007).

" Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895
Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895: 142; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961: 7; Volkmer, 1963a: 275; Bonetto & Ezcurra,
1964a: 252; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332;
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 88; Batista et al.,
2007: 618; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2008c: 242.
Heteromeyenia baileyi var. insignis, Gee, 1931a: 40; Gee, 1932:
33; Penney, 1960: 42.
Heteromeyenia baileyi, Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a: 49 (in part);
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Ezcurra de Drago, 1988: 145;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 122; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:
201 (non Spongilla baileyi Bowerbank, 1863: 451; non
Heteromeyenia baileyi sensu Gee, 1932: 32; Penney, 1960:
41; Penney & Racek, 1968: 106).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Blumenau.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Cambará
do Sul, Camisas River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Itati,
Corneta Stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c
[conservation]). Porto Alegre, Fundação Zoo-Botânica
Lake (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, Nicola
Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]), Pond in
Caçapava Farm (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Santa
Vitória do Palmar, Pond in Caçapava Farm (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]). São Francisco de Paula,
Dom Pedro Stream (Volkmer, 1963a [description];
Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a [description]; Ezcurra de Drago,
1988 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). São
Francisco de Paula, Stream at Hampel Dam; Prof. Glich
Stream; Corneta Stream (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).
Torres, pond between dunes (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Triunfo, Bom Jardim
Stream (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Triunfo, Caí
River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Blumenau (Weltner, 1895 [original description];
Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney,
1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). URUGUAY BASIN:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Urubici, Pessegueiro River
(Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics – see remarks]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b;
Taxonomic List
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago,
1979a, 1988, 1993, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981),
Uruguay (Batista et al., 2007).
REMARKS: Batista et al. (2007) reported the species from
“Pessegueiro” in Pessegueiro River, Santa Catarina State,
but there is no municipality with such name in the state.
The collection site was reported by Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al. (2008c), in the same river, as “Urubici”, which is a
valid city name.
! Heterorotula Penney & Racek, 1968
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla capewelli Bowerbank, 1863 (by original
designation).
" Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995
Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 151;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 273; Parolin et al., 2007:
20; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2993. Paratypes MCN 2931,
2932, 2936, 2937, 2959.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS STATE: Conceição das
Alagoas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: MATO
GROSSO DO SUL STATE: Taquarussu, Esperança River
(near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007
[spicules in sediment]; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in
sediment]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: CEARÁ STATE: Locality not informed
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Januário Cicco, Capão
da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules
in sediment]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: Conceição das Alagoas (Sem Noite
Pond, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta,
1995 [original description – spicules in sediment]).
SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: João
Pinheiro (Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: This species has been found exclusively in
spongillites (sediments composed mainly of siliceous
sponge spicules).
! Pottsiela Volkmer-Ribeiro, Machado, Oliveira &
Soares, 2010
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,
1983.
" Pottsiela pesae Volkmer-Ribeiro, Machado, Oliveira &
Soares, 2010
Spongilla spoliata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187
(in part); Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 97 (in part);
129
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Batista, 2007: 138; Batista et al., 2007: 610; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346 (non Spongilla spoliata sensu
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Manconi & Pronzato,
2005: 3237 [=Pottsiela spoliata]).
Pottsiela pesae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b: 55.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2923.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Tapajós River
(Alter do Chão).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás-
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do
Araguaia, Crixás Açu River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b
[original description]). MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho,
Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]).
North Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE:
Manaus, Negro River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b
[original description]). Presidente Figueiredo,
Uatumã River (Balbina H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2010b [original description]; Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). PARÁ STATE: Altamira,
Iriri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original
description]). Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-
Una H.P.S. Reservoir; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original
description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).
Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão, Arariá Beach;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). RONDÔNIA
STATE: Porto Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010b [original description]). Porto Velho, Verde River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). RORAIMA
STATE: Boa Vista, Cauamé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010b [original description]). Bonfim, Arraia Creek
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]).
Caracaraí, Bem Querer Waterfall (Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2010b [original description]). Caroebe, Jatapu H.P.S.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]).
ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: TOCANTINS STATE:
Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista,
2007 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1997; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2010b).
REMARKS: The original description of Spongilla spoliata
included parts of both Pottsiela spoliata and Pottsiela
pesae (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b).
130
" Pottsiela spoliata (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983)
Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Tavares
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 97 (in part); Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005: 3237 (non Spongilla spoliata sensu
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Batista et al., 2007:
610; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346 [= Pottsiela pesae]).
Pottsiela spoliata, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b: 50.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 87 (Fig. 12D). Schizoholotype
MCN 37.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Cuieiras River (but see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN:
MATO GROSSO STATE: Localities not informed, rivers
Sete de Setembro and Xingú (Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010b [description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Cuieiras River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [original description];
Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]).
Manaus, Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b
[description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River
(Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]).
PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una
H.P.S.; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]).
Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Porto
Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997
[description]). Porto Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010b [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:
PARÁ STATE: Oriximiná, Trombetas River (Tavares
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Tucuruí,
Tocantins River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1997; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The original description of Spongilla spoliata
included parts of both Pottsiela spoliata and Pottsiela
pesae (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b). (2) According
to Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (2010b), the type locality is
Manaus (2o41’55.8”S–60o19’49.02”W), but we found no
indication of this in the original publication.
! Racekiela Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998
Acanthodiscus Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 (preocc. by
Acanthodiscus Uligh, 1905 [Mollusca]). For further
synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).

TYPE SPECIES: Heteromeyenia ryderi Potts, 1882 (by original
designation of Acanthodiscus; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996).
" Racekiela cavernicola Volkmer-Ribeiro, Bichuette &
Machado, 2010
Racekiela cavernicola Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010a: 55.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 8309.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Irecê, Jacaré River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO
BASIN: BAHIA STATE: Irecê, Jacaré River (Brejões Cave
at Morro do Chapéu; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010a
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Racekiela cavernicola is so far the only freshwater
sponge species found inside caves in the Neotropical
Region.
" Racekiela sheilae (Volkmer-Ribeiro, de Rosa-Barbosa
& Tavares, 1988)
Anheteromeyenia sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 85.
Acanthodiscus sheilae, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996: 39.
Racekiela sheilae, Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998: 125;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 164; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Amaral et al., 2008:
158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d: 246.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 89. Paratype MCN 1128.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Tavares,
temporary pond.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Bagé
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [original description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Machado, 2007 [description]). Barra do Ribeiro
(flooded field between dunes; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d
[conservation]). Mostardas, Capão Comprido (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Amaral et al.,
2008 [conservation]). Tapes (Butiazais, Charutão Pond,
Redondo pond, pond C; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,
2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]).
Tavares, temporary pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1988 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007
[description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d [conservation]). Viamão
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Taxonomic List
! Radiospongilla Penney & Racek, 1968
TYPE SPECIES:Spongilla sceptroides Haswell, 1882 (by original
designation; Penney & Racek, 1968).
" Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Maciel, 1983
Ephydatia crateriformis forma arndti Carvalho, 1942: 272.
Meyenia crateriformis forma arndti Penney, 1960: 47.
Ephydatia crateriformis sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7
(non Ephydatia crateriformis Potts, 1882).
Ephydatia crateriformis paranensis Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b:
329; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77.
Radiospongilla crateriformis, Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b:
180; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 129;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004:
201 [non Radiospongilla crateriformis (Potts, 1882); Bass
& Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,
2009].
Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983:
256; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1992: 323; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1992: 94; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b:
273; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al.,
2003: 172; Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Batista et al., 2007: 621;
Parolin et al., 2007: 22; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b:
158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Parolin et al.,
2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Roque et al., 2010:
133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 117; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 88 (Fig. 12E).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO STATE: Locality not
informed, Culuene River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN:
MATO GROSSO STATE: Locality not informed, Culuene
River (“Posto do Jacaré”, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,
1983 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia
River (Brito Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO
GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido
Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão; Batista et al., 2007
[faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: MATO GROSSO DO SUL
STATE: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near Paraná
River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in
sediment]; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]).
North Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE:
131
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). RORAIMA STATE: Alto Alegre
(Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia,
Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in
sediment]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ
STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata
Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS STATE:
Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Batista et al., 2003
[faunistics]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH
ATLANTIC BASIN: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió, Mundaú-
Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990
[faunistics]). CEARÁ STATE: Locality not informed
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Januário Cicco, Capão
da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules
in sediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:
MARANHÃO STATE: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis
Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (Pedra
Hume Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ
BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: Araguari, Paranaíba
River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Conceição das Alagoas
(Boa Vista Farm; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995
[spicules in sediment]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]).
Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [spicules in
sediment]). São Carlos, Jacaré-Guaçu River (Corbi et
al., 2005 [ecology]). São Carlos, São Carlos Ecological
Park (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). SÃO FRANCISCO
BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: João Pinheiro (Preguiça
Pond, Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). SOUTHEAST
ATLANTIC BASIN: SÃO PAULO STATE: Iguape, Ribeira
do Iguape River (Carvalho, 1942 [description]; Penney,
1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). South
Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Guaíra (rivers
Chororó, Ocoí, Passo Cuê, Pinto, São João, São Francisco
Falso, São Francisco Verdadeiro, São Vicente; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santa Helena, Paraná
River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010
[faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed, Delta do Jacuí
State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]).
Eldorado do Sul (Saco da Ponta do São Roque; Tavares
et al., 2003 [description]). Montenegro (Pond near
BR-386 road; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos
132
Gateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c
[faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Saco do Quilombo, Saco
do Ferraz (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Quinze
de Novembro, Jacuí-Mirim River (Passo Real H.P.S.
Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).
Tapes, Pond C (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b
[faunistics]). Triunfo (pond of Delapieve Farm, Copesul
Park of Environmental Protection; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1992 [faunistics]). Viamão, Negra Pond; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin, Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964b; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Suriname (Ezcurra de
Drago, 1975b).
REMARKS: In the present work we propose the inclusion
of Radiospongilla crateriformis sensu Ezcurra de
Drago (1975b) from Suriname in the synonyms of
Radiospongilla amazonensis.
! Saturnospongilla Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976
TYPE SPECIES: Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976.
" Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976
Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976: 272;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,
2000: 14; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 960; Batista et al.,
2003: 531; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et
al., 2007: 621.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 209, deposited in MNRJ 03.
Paratypes MCN 101, 107, 204-207, 212-216.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari, Juruá
River (Conceição do Raimundo).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás,
Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).
São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves
Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007
[faunistics]). MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia
River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River; Batista et al.,
2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição
do Raimundo, 4º45’S–66º45’W, Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1976 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981
[checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]).
Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 [original
description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ
STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata
Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS STATE:
Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond; Batista et

al., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River
(Jacarés Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls,
2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
! Spongilla Lamarck, 1816
For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia lacustris Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent
designation; Annandale, 1911).
" Spongilla alba Carter, 1849
Spongilla alba Carter, 1849: 83; Carter, 1881b: 88; Potts,
1887: 193; Weltner, 1895: 116; Gee, 1931a: 31; Gee, 1932:
36; Penney, 1960: 12; Penney & Racek, 1968: 16; Kilian
& Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76; Poirrier, 1976: 205;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares,
1990: 171; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005: 3236; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007:
160 (for further synonyms see Penney & Racek, 1968).
Spongilla wagneri Potts, 1889: 6; Weltner, 1895: 120; Gee,
1931a: 52; Gee, 1932: 42; Penney, 1960: 31; Penney &
Racek, 1968: 20.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1907.8.2.7.
TYPE LOCALITY: India: Bombay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Amazonas
River (Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]). Northeast Region: EASTERN
NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió,
Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,
2007 [description]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN:
ALAGOAS STATE: Santana do Ipanema, Ipanema River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).
Southeast Region: SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC BASIN:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed (Weltner,
1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960
[checklist]). Campos dos Goytacazes, Feia Lagoon
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).
Quissamã, Feia Lagoon (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado,
2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan: Afghanistan, Australia,
Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Madagascar, Iran,
Phillippines, Thailand, Curaçao, El Salvador, Venezuela,
U.S.A. (Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina) (Carter,
1849, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee, 1931a,
1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Poirrier, 1976;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato,
2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007).
Taxonomic List
REMARKS: (1) The type specimens of Spongilla wagneri are
deposited at ANSP 4524 (lectotype) and 4554-4559
(paralectotypes; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987).
(2) This is probably a complex of sibling species and
should be revised.
! Trochospongilla Vejdovsky, 1883
TYPE SPECIES: Spongilla erinaceus Lieberkühn, 1856 (by
original designation; unavailable name, replaced by
Trochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893).
" Trochospongilla amazonica (Weltner, 1895)
Uruguaya amazonica Weltner, 1895: 144; Annandale, 1913:
80; Gee, 1931a: 31; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 60;
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976: 82.
Uruguayella amazonica, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:
356.
Trochospongilla amazonica, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1985: 82.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype USNM (N.G. Gee slide collection
150369; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not
informed, Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Amazonas
River (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee,
1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960
[checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Bonetto
& Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 [classification]; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: USNM N. G. Gee slide 150369 was elected lectotype
by Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1985), because
Weltner´s original description missed indication of
type specimens.
" Trochospongilla anonyma (Carter, 1881) (new
combination)
Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b: 95, Potts, 1887: 228.
Ephydatia anonyma, Weltner, 1895: 121.
Tubella anonyma, Gee, 1932: 43; Penney, 1960: 58.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE:
Locality not informed, Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Amazonas
River (Carter, 1881b [original description]; Potts, 1887
[description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1932
[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]).
133
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Genus transfer based on Manconi & Pronzato
(2002). (2) The original description was based only on
gemmules, without the sponge body (Carter, 1881b).
Carter’s description indicates the need of transfer
to Trochospongilla due to the presence of minute
gemmoscleres and birotulates. However, collection
of whole specimens is required for a more natural
classification of this species.
" Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1967
Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c:
159 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1972: 312; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974:
289; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984: 130; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989:
147; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Batista et al., 2003:
530; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batista et al., 2007: 620
(non Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1975: 37 [=Trochospongilla paulula]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Setubal Pond.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: São Miguel do
Araguaia, Araguaia River (Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake;
Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO STATE:
Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Varal Lake; Batista et al.,
2007 [description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Tapajós River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Carauari, Juruá River
(Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981
[checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: TOCANTINS STATE: Caseara, Araguaia River
(Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).
Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: BAHIA
STATE: Barra, rivers Grande and Paramirim (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). South Region:
SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1972; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).
REMARKS: (1) Contrary to the statement in the original
134
description, no specimens have been deposited at the
MACN, INALI or MLP collections (Alejandro Tablado,
Inés Ezcurra de Drago and Cristina Damborenea,
pers. comm., 2011). (2) The original description of
Trochospongilla delicata included parts of both T. delicata
and T. minuta (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1972; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973).
" Trochospongilla gregaria (Bowerbank, 1863)
Spongilla gregaria Bowerbank, 1863: 452.
Metania gregaria, Gray, 1867a: 551.
Meyenia gregaria, Carter, 1881b: 91; Potts, 1887: 217; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 6.
Trochospongilla gregaria, Weltner, 1895: 121; Gee, 1931a: 39;
Gee, 1932: 42; Penney, 1960: 55; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 308; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976: 82; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Pauls, 2000: 16; Batista et al., 2003: 529; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005:
126; Batista et al., 2007: 618.
TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (2 slides, “probably
type”; cf. Emma Sherlock, pers. comm., 2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Parintins,
Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista
et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia
River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista
et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho,
Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão,
Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Cocalinho,
Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North
Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari,
Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro
& de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1981 [checklist]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake,
Manaus harbour; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005
[faunistics]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank,
1863 [original description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist];
Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description];
Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist];
Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981
[checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ
STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata
Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS STATE:
Caseara, Araguaia River (Queimada Pond; Batista et
al., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu
River (Jacarés Pond, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003
[faunistics]).

WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976), Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
" Trochospongilla lanzamirandai Bonetto & Ezcurra,
1964
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b:
333; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 311; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1975: 36; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981: 180; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago,
1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Batista et al.,
2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 175; Ezcurra de Drago,
2004: 201; Tavares et al., 2005: 338; Batista et al., 2007:
620; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007c: 150; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Laguna Los Espejos and
Madrejon Don Felipe.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel
do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito
Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO
STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake;
Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]), Cristalino River (Goiaba
Lake, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al.,
2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição
do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]).
ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Santana
do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et
al., 2003 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS STATE: Lagoa da
Confusão, Urubu River (Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003
[faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: Araguari, Paranaíba River
(Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010c [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Localities not
informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Canoas, Caí River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara,
Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2007b [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Delta
do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]).
Taxonomic List
Palmares do Sul, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento
pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre,
Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Porto Alegre, Delta
do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description];
Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Gravataí
River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Soledade,
Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
Triunfo, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: São
Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964b; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976;
Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).
REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,
no type specimen has been deposited at the MACN
collection (Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011).
" Trochospongilla minuta (Potts, 1887)
Meyenia minuta Potts, 1887: 218.
Trochospongilla minuta, Weltner, 1895: 121; Gee, 1931a: 43;
Gee, 1932: 43; Penney, 1960: 57; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973:
137; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177;
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984:
131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987: 238; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 16;
Tavares et al., 2003: 174; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Tavares et al., 2005:
338; Batista et al., 2007: 620.
Trochospongilla horrida sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1965: 95; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216;
Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 43; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976: 81; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119 (non
Trochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893, 1895; Gee, 1931b,
1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968).
Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c:
159 (in part).
Trochospongilla tenuissima Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1970: 43; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 98; Ezcurra de Drago,
1993: 119.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ANSP slides II-18, II-19.
Paralectotypes ANSP-PO 4530 (two specimens).
TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia: Locality not informed, small branch of
Beni River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho,
Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River;
135
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region:
AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari, Juruá
River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). South
Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO
SUL STATE: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River
(de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara,
Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology];
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
Montenegro, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al.,
2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). São
Jerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
São Jerônimo, Caí River (Arroio Bom Jardim; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: São
Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1965, 1968a, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago
& Bonetto, 1969; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973, 1976, 1981;
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago,
1993, 2004), Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee,
1931a; Penney, 1960; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976),
Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi &
Pronzato, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The original description of Trochospongilla
delicata included parts of both T. delicata and T. minuta
(cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973).
" Trochospongilla paulula (Bowerbank, 1863)
Spongilla paulula Bowerbank, 1863: 453.
Metania paulata, Gray, 1867a: 551.
Tubella paulula, Carter, 1881b: 96; Potts, 1887: 248; Weltner,
1895: 128; Gee, 1931a: 45; Penney, 1960: 58; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961: 5; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962: 209; Bonetto &
Ezcurra, 1964a: 249; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b:
332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 55.
Trochospongilla paulula, Gee, 1932: 43; Penney & Racek,
1968: 139; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972:
310; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973b: 13; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 288; Ezcurra de Drago,
136
1975b: 179; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 35; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Peixinho, 1989: 147; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990:
171; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 18;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 174;
Batista et al., 2003: 529; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;
Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004: 536;
Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Tavares et al., 2005:
338; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista et
al., 2007: 618; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Pereira et al., 2010:
105; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010c: 346.
Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975:
37 (non Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra
de Drago, 1967c: 159 [= Trochospongilla delicata + T.
minuta]; non Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 312; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984: 130 [= T. delicata]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (3 slides, “probably
type”; Emma Sherlock, pers. comm., 2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS STATE: Parintins,
Amazonas River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás, Crixás
Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel
do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Pond, Brito Lake,
Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO
GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido
Lake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Montaria
Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]).
North Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE:
Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa,
1980 [ecology]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do
Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972
[description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974
[ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist];
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]).
Manaus, Negro River (Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé
Lake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).
Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original
description]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887
[description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a
[checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek,
1968 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]).

PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão,
Praia Vermelha, Praia do Araroa; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia
River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).
TOCANTINS STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia River
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia
River (Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]).
Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond,
Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast
Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN:
ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]). SÃO
FRANCISCO BASIN: BAHIA STATE: Barra, rivers Grande
and Paramirim (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989
[faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: Araguari, Paranaíba River
(Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2010c [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Localities not
informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]),
Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002
[faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí
River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Porto Alegre,
Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics];
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Porto
Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003
[description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]; Pereira et
al., 2010 [ecology]). Quinze de Novembro, Jacuí-Mirim
River (Passo Real H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2010c [faunistics]). Triunfo, Bom Jardim Stream
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004 [faunistics]), Pond of
Delapieve Farm (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO
SUL STATE: São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná and Uruguay River
basins; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra
de Drago, 1967c, 1970, 1973, 1974; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Suriname,
Venezuela (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005).
" Trochospongilla pennsylvanica (Potts, 1882)
Tubella pennsylvanica Potts, 1882: 14; Potts, 1884: 216;
Taxonomic List
MacKay, 1885: 233; Potts, 1886: 228; Potts, 1887: 251;
MacKay, 1889: 87; Kellicott, 1891: 104; Weltner, 1895: 128;
Girod, 1899: 112; Annandale, 1908: 248; Annandale, 1909:
102; Smith, 1921: 17; Smith, 1930: 184; Penney, 1931: 240;
Jewell, 1939: 20; Wurtz, 1950: 6; Penney, 1960: 58.
Tubella pennsylvanica var. minima, Potts, 1887: 252; Penney,
1960: 59.
Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Annandale, 1911: 118;
Annandale, 1912: 384; Annandale, 1918: 213; Gee, 1926:
184; Gee, 1931a: 46; Gee, 1932: 43; Old, 1932a: 132;
Old, 1932b: 239; Old, 1932c: 442; Old, 1936: 11; Gee,
1937: 285; Eshleman, 1950: 42; Moore, 1951: 63; Moore,
1953: 25; Penney & Racek, 1968: 137; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Maciel, 1983: 257; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987:
236; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista et al., 2007: 620.
Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. mackayi, Gee, 1931a: 42.
Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. minima, Gee, 1931a: 43;
Gee, 1932: 43.
Trochospongilla (Tubella) pennsylvanica, Gee, 1931b: 502.
Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a: 134 (in part);
Machado, 1947b: 2 (in part).
Tubella mello-leitaoi, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5 (in part).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ANSP-PO 4540 (slide IV-4).
Paralectotype ANSP-PO 4564 (slide IV-5).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Lehigh Gap, Lehigh River (Pennsylvania
State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: MATO
GROSSO STATE: Locality not informed, Sete de Setembro
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description
– see remarks]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN:
MATO GROSSO STATE: Locality not informed, Tapirapés
River (Machado, 1947a,b [description]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983
[description]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River (Batista et
al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN:
AMAZONAS STATE: Locality not informed, Cuieiras
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description]).
Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). RONDÔNIA STATE: Porto
Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Canada (MacKay, 1885, 1889; Potts, 1884,
1886; Smith, 1930; Gee, 1931a; Penney & Racek, 1968),
U.S.A. (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New
Jersey, Delaware, Michigan, Florida, Louisiana, etc.; e.g.,
Potts, 1882, 1887; Kellicott, 1891; Weltner, 1895; Gee,
1931a, 1932; Old, 1932a,b,c, 1936; Jewell, 1939; Eshleman,
1950; Wurtz, 1950; Moore, 1951, 1953; Penney, 1960;
Penney & Racek, 1968), Scotland (Annandale, 1908),
India (Annandale, 1909, 1911, 1912).
137
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
REMARKS: (1) The only material of the syntype series of T.
pennsylvanica remaining in the Potts collections are two
slides from the type locality dated November, 1881. Potts
(1887) reported the first specimens he found to be minute
and with a poorly developed skeleton. He probably used
entirely those specimens in the preparations of the two
slides (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987). (2) The
original description of Tubella mello-leitaoi was based on
a mixture of spicules from Trochospongilla pennsylvanica
and Metania reticulata (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,
1983). (3) The holotype of Tubella mello-leitaoi is
deposited at MNRJ 06. (4) Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel
(1983) reported this species from “Sete de Setembro
River (Xingú Basin), Pará State, Brazil”, but Sete de
Setembro River is located in Mato Grosso State (cf. www.
ana.gov.br, accessed in August 7, 2011).
" Trochospongilla repens (Hinde, 1888)
Uruguaya repens Hinde, 1888: 2; Weltner, 1895: 130;
Annandale, 1913: 80; Cordero, 1928: 259; Gee, 1931a:
47; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 61; Bonetto & Ezcurra,
1964a: 256; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332;
Berroa-Belén, 1968: 287; Penney & Racek, 1968: 146;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969: 120; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976: 82.
Uruguaya pygmaea Hinde, 1888: 8; Weltner, 1895: 130;
Cordero, 1928: 117; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 44;
Penney, 1960: 60; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 289; Kilian &
Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82.
Uruguaya ringueleti Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1963: 23; Bonetto
& Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra
de Drago, 1968a: 216; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,
1976: 82.
Trochospongilla leidyi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1965:
97; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra de
Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993:
119; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201 (non Trochospongilla
leidii Bowerbank, 1863).
Trochospongilla leidii, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976:
85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88 (non Trochospongilla leidii
Bowerbank, 1863).
Trochospongilla repens, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984:
131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985: 79;
Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178; Ezcurra de
Drago, 1993: 119; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002:
132; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Batista et al., 2007: 620;
Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Parolin et al., 2007:
22; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al.,
2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Roque et
al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 116;
138
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343.
Uruguayella repens, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352;
Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201.
Uruguaya macandrewi, Hinde, 1888: 4 (in part).
Uruguayella macandrewi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:
356 (in part).
Uruguayella pygmaea, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:
356; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago,
2004: 201.
Uruguayella ringueleti, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969:
356; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago,
2004: 201.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1888.7.2.1 and 1919.10.147
(dry; two fragments of the same specimen), 1920.8.25
(16 slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay: Locality not informed, Uruguay River
(but see remarks).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Nova Crixás,
Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). MATO
GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Batista et
al., 2007 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]).
PARANÁ BASIN: GOIÁS STATE: Corumbaíba, Corumbá
River (Corumbá H.P.S., 17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista &
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Ipameri (Batista &
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). MATO GROSSO DO
SUL STATE: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near Paraná
River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules
in sediment]). Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Fusari et al.,
2008 [ecology]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: MATO
GROSSO STATE: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River
(Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). North Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Caseara, Araguaia
River (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Sandolândia,
Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Tucuruí,
Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1985 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka,
1991 [faunistics]). TOCANTINS STATE: Araguatins,
Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]).
Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: MINAS GERAIS
STATE: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Itapura, Tietê River (Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]).
Pontal, Pardo River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1985 [description]). South Region: PARANÁ
BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Locality not informed, Piquiri
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
Foz do Iguaçu, Iguaçu River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Guaíra, Paraná

River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]).
Guaíra, Chororó River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c
[faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]).
Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]).
General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985
[description]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa,
1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1985 [description]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1985 [description]). SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Blumenau, Itajaí River (Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee,
1931a [checklist – but see remarks]; Gee, 1932 [checklist];
Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). URUGUAY BASIN: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Jaguari, Jaguari River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim
River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). São
Francisco de Assis, Itú River (Itaqui; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1969 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa,
1985 [description]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de
Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay
(Hinde, 1888; Weltner, 1895; Cordero, 1928; Gee, 1932;
Penney, 1960; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1963; Bonetto &
Ezcurra de Drago, 1965, 1968a; Penney & Racek, 1968;
Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-
Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004).
REMARKS: (1) Gee (1931a) erroneously translated Sta. Catarina
(Santa Catarina State) for Station Catarina in Uruguay
River (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969). (2) The designation of
“Cachoeira de Santa Cecília, Itú River, São Francisco de
Assis, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil” as the type locality
of Uruguaya repens by Volkmer-Ribeiro (1969) is not
followed here, as it is neither necessary nor acompanied
by a neotype designation. As Hinde’s original specimens
are still extant, the type locality should remain Uruguay.
(3) The original description of Uruguaya macandrewi
was based on an epibiosis of U. corallioides over
Trochospongilla repens (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1979).
Taxonomic List
" Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de
Drago, 1973
Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973b: 15; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 37; de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 180; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel,
1983: 258; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1992: 323; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro
& Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410;
Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999:
644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002:
31; Tavares et al., 2003: 176; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201;
Batista et al., 2007: 620; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007:
138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007c: 150; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Machado, 2009: 336; Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Parolin, 2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm.,
2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia Misiones, Arroyo
Guarapá.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-
TOCANTINS BASIN: MATO GROSSO STATE: Cocalinho,
Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Lagoão; Batista et al.,
2007 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: MATO GROSSO DO
SUL STATE: Taquarussu, near Paraná River (22º36’S–
53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediments]).
North Region: AMAZON BASIN: AMAZONAS STATE:
Locality not informed, Branquinho River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [faunistics]). Locality not
informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980
[ecology]). PARÁ STATE: Santarém, Curuá-Una River
(Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 2010c [faunistics]). RORAIMA STATE: Alto Alegre,
Maracá Island (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology];
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia,
Caracaranã Lake (3º51’N–59º49’W; Candido et al., 2000
[spicules in sediment]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: TOCANTINS STATE: Araguatins, Araguaia
River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]).
Northeast Region: WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
BASIN: MARANHÃO STATE: Santo Amaro do Maranhão,
Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses
(Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region:
PARANÁ BASIN: MINAS GERAIS STATE: Conceição das
Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dos
Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules
in sediments]). Santa Vitória, Degredo Pond (Volkmer-
Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). SÃO
139
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
PAULO STATE: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1999 [faunistics]). Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro,
1992 [spicules in sediments]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN:
MINAS GERAIS STATE: João Pinheiro (Preguiça and
Avião ponds, Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). South
Region: PARANÁ BASIN: PARANÁ STATE: Locality not
informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]).
SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser,
1981 [ecology]). Locality not informed, Delta do Jacuí
State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]).
Barra do Ribeiro, das Capivaras pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007b [faunistics]). Canoas, Caí River (de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí River
(Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Palmares do Sul
(Sangradouro, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento pond;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Pond at
Santana hill (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Rio
Grande, Caí River (Pólvora Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1975 [faunistics]). Tapes (Butiazais; Volkmer-Ribeiro
et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c
[faunistics]). Triunfo, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,
1973b; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993,
2004), Costa Rica (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009).
REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description,
no type specimens have been deposited at either the
MACN or the INALI collections (Alejandro Tablado and
Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011).
SPONGILLINA INCERTAE SEDIS
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Acanthotylotra Volkmer-Ribeiro, Tavares &
Oliveira, 2009
TYPE SPECIES: Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
2009.
" Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro, Tavares &
Oliveira, 2009
Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009: 346.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2700. Paratypes MCN 3149
(dry), 3146–3148 (slides), 3151, 8112 (on SEM stubs).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PARÁ STATE: Tucuruí, Tocantins River.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS
BASIN: PARÁ STATE: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 2009 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
140
ORDER HOMOSCLEROPHORIDA DENDY, 1905
For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).
REMARKS: There is increasing evidence, especially from
molecular studies, that this group may represent a fourth
class of Porifera or even a separate phylum (Borchiellini
et al., 2004; Dohrmann et al., 2008; Philippe et al., 2009;
Sperling et al., 2009; Gazave et al., 2010; Pick et al., 2010).
However, we recognize that this catalogue is not the
appropriate place for such an important change in higher
taxa classification, and therefore we preferred to stick to
the traditional classification until a formal proposition
for a change of taxonomic rank is put forward in the
literature.
Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880
For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002); Gazave et al.
(2010).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7
! Plakina Schulze, 1880
For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Plakina monolopha Schulze, 1880 (by original
designation).
" Plakina trilopha Schulze, 1880
Plakina trilopha Schulze, 1880: 427; Boury-Esnault, 1973:
267; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Muricy et al., 1998: 182; Santos
et al., 2002b: 388; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 204.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNHN.D.NBE 1468 (Muricy et al.,
1998).
TYPE LOCALITY: NW Mediterranean: France (La Ciotat).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: This is a cosmopolitan complex of sibling
species reported from the Mediterranean, NW Atlantic,
Indo-Pacific, Antarctica (Muricy et al., 1998) and
Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record is probably misidentified and
needs revision.
! Plakinastrella Schulze, 1880
For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Plakinastrella copiosa Schulze, 1880 (by
monotypy).
" Plakinastrella microspiculifera Moraes & Muricy,
2003
Plakinastrella microspiculifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 392;

Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 36.
Plakinastrella onkodes sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 17;
?Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74; Santos et al., 2002b: 388
(non Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929: 60 and all
other authors).
Plakortis sp. 1, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Moraes et al.,
2003: 17.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2938. Paratypes BMNH
2002.6.27.1 (fragment in MNRJ 2125), MNRJ 2135,
2164, 3598, 4749, 4762, UFRJPOR 3893.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (18 m depth, Mothes
& Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[ecology]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes &
Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas (1-6 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original
description]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]). SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO
(0.5-50 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original
description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade
Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Jamaica? (Lehnert and van
Soest, 1998).
" Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929
Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929: 60; Zea, 1987: 227;
Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 473; Mothes et al.,
2006a: 673 (non Plakinastrella onkodes sensu Mothes &
Bastian, 1993: 17; ?Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74; Santos
et al., 2002b: 388 [= Plakinastrella microspiculifera]).
Dercitopsis onkodes, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 66.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 4925 (cf. Mothes et al.,
2006a).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: between St. Thomas and
St. John.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Calçoene
(81 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, Colombia,
Panama, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Uliczka, 1929; Zea, 1987; Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et
al., 2000).
! Plakortis Schulze, 1880
For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Plakortis simplex Schulze, 1880 (by original
designation).
Taxonomic List
" Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879)
Suberites angulospiculatus Carter, 1879b: 346 (in part; cf.
Zea, 1987).
Plakortis angulospiculatus, van Soest, 1981: 3; Wintermann-
Kilian & Kilian, 1984: 121; Zea, 1987: 222; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Diaz & van
Soest, 1994: 103; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Alcolado,
2002: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 387; Diaz, 2005: 473;
Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 386; Epifanio et al., 2005: 1367;
Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Kossuga et al., 2008: 337; Muricy
et al., 2008: 38.
Plakortis simplex sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 266; Alcolado,
1976: 7; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 16;
Santos et al., 2002b: 387 (non Plakortis simplex Schulze,
1880).
Plakortis simplex complex (in part), Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 74.
Roosa zyggompha, de Laubenfels, 1936: 178 (non Roosa
zyggompha de Laubenfels, 1934: 2, Plakortis zyggompha,
Hechtel, 1965: 76; Diaz & van Soest, 1994: 104; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 74.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1850.5.8.35-37 (cf. Diaz &
van Soest, 1994).
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Kossuga et al., 2008 [chemistry]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (12 m depth,
Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];
Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [description]; Epifanio et al.,
2005 [chemistry]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Tamandaré (26 m depth, Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[ecology]; Epifanio et al., 2005 [chemistry]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]). SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra dos Coqueiros
(Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-
Esnault, 1973 [description]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.), Cuba, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Belize, U.S. Virgin Islands, Bahamas,
Bonaire, Panama, Colombia, Bonaire, Curaçao, Venezuela
(Carter, 1879b; Alcolado, 1976, 2002; van Soest, 1981;
Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984; Zea, 1987; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Diaz & van Soest,
1994; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005).
" Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902)
Petrosia halichondrioides Wilson, 1902: 389.
Plakortis halichondrioides, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Diaz
& van Soest, 1994: 104.
Plakortis halichondroides, Diaz, 2005: 473 (misspelling).
141
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
TYPE SPECIMENS:Holotype USNM 7663.
U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
TYPE LOCALITY:
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize,
Colombia (Diaz & van Soest, 1994), Panama (Diaz,
2005).
" Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003
Plakortis spp. 2 and 3, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215.
Plakortis sp. 2, Moraes et al., 2003: 17.
Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 389; Moraes et
al., 2006: 168.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2124. Paratypes BMNH
2002.6.27.2 (fragment in MNRJ 2126), MNRJ 2138,
2162, UFRJPOR 3917, 3924, 4798, 4803, 4774, 4776.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (10-12m
depth, Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [ecology]; Moraes &
Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas (0.5-2.0 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology];
Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et
al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Plakortis microrhabdifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003
Plakortis sp. 3, Moraes et al., 2003: 17.
Plakortis microrhabdifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 390;
Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 39.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2165 (Fig. 12F). Paratypes
BMNH 2002.6.27.3 (fragment in MNRJ 2114), MNRJ
2110, 2940b, 2170.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (2-6 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003
[ecology]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
‘ORDER’ LITHISTIDA SCHMIDT, 1870
(POLYPHYLETIC)
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002a).
REMARKS: The Lithistida is widely recognized as a polyphyletic
group (e.g., Pisera & Lévi, 2002a), but it is still used due
142
to the lack of a better classification (but see Gruber, 1993
for an alternative scheme).
Family Azoricidae Sollas, 1888
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Leiodermatium Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Leiodermatium lynceus Schmidt, 1870.
" Leiodermatium pfeifferae (Carter, 1876)
Azorica pfeifferae Carter, 1876: 466; Topsent, 1904: 63; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Azorica pfeifferae tenui-laminaris, Sollas, 1888: 319.
Leiodermatium pfeifferae, Lendenfeld, 1903: 148; Alcolado,
2002: 59.
Leiodermatium (‘Azorica’) pfeifferae, Hooper et al., 2000:
148.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1891.5.4.5 (dry),
1894.11.16.446-8 (3 slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia: Ambon (“Amboine”).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Ambon), China Sea, Bermuda,
Portugal, Azores, Cape Verde, Cuba, Madeira (Carter,
1876; Sollas, 1888; Lendenfeld, 1903; Topsent, 1904;
Hooper et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: The collection site of Sollas (1888) record (off
Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.
Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
Family Corallistidae Sollas, 1888
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002c).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2
! Corallistes Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent
designation; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c).
" Corallistes bispiraster Mothes & Silva, 1999
Corallistes bispiraster Mothes & Silva, 1999: 126; Mothes et
al., 2003: 70; Mothes et al., 2006c: 72.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3374. Paratype ZMAPOR
13417.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Mostardas (31o17’S–49o46’W).

BRAZILIAN RECORDS: SouthRegion: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (31o17’S–49o46’W, 150 m depth; Mothes
& Silva, 1999 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870
Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870: 22; Sollas, 1888: 301; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1976: 256; van Soest &
Stentoft, 1988: 54; Alcolado, 2002: 58; Pisera & Lévi,
2002c: 313; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007: 354.
Coscinospongia typus, Lendenfeld, 1903: 136; Mothes de
Moraes, 1978: 74.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MZUS–PO 172, 209. Schizosyntype
MNHN.LBIM.D.T 2187 (“slide from the type”; Pisera &
Lévi, 2002c).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Japaratinga (09°05’S–034°50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Pisera & Lévi, 2002c [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]). South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (31º02’S–49º37’W, 150 m depth; Mothes
de Moraes, 1978).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Barbados, South Africa
(van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: (1) Sollas (1888) cited the location of the collection
site as 09°5’, which we interpreted as 09°05’ because he
used 50’ in the longitude. (2) The Brazilian specimen
described by Sollas (1888) may belong to a different
species as it bears larger oscules, 0.5–1 mm in diameter,
whereas Caribbean material has oscules only 0.15–0.4
mm in diameter (Pisera & Lévi, 2002c). (3) Mello-
Leitão et al. (1961) and Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously
reported this species from Pernambuco State instead of
Alagoas.
Family Desmanthidae Topsent, 1894b
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002d).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Desmanthus Topsent, 1894b
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Aciculites incrustans Topsent, 1889 (by subsequent
designation; Topsent, 1894b).
" Desmanthus meandroides van Soest & Hajdu, 2000
Desmanthus meandroides van Soest & Hajdu, 2000: 302;
Taxonomic List
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 50.
Desmanthus sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 167.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 341. Paratypes MNRJ 109, 114,
119, 148, 151, 166. Schizoholotype ZMAPOR 13400.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (7 m depth; van Soest & Hajdu, 2000 [original
description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, 1903
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3
! Gastrophanella Schmidt, 1879
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879 (by
monotypy).
" Gastrophanella cavernicola Muricy & Minervino, 2000
Gastrophanella sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 1999: 319.
Gastrophanella n. sp., Santos et al., 2002b: 391.
Gastrophanella cavernicola Muricy & Minervino, 2000: 600;
Moraes et al., 2006: 167.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4170. Paratypes
UFRJPOR 3909, 4171-4773 (Fig. 12G), USNM 32871,
32875.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics];
Muricy & Minervino, 2000 [original description];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Muricy & Minervino, 2000).
" Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879
Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879: 29; Sollas, 1888: 349;
Lendenfeld, 1903: 149; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 68 (in
part); Pisera & Lévi, 2002e: 339.
Gastrophanella stylifera Mothes & Silva, 1999: 129; Mothes et
al., 2003: 69; Mothes et al., 2006c: 70.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 6232. Shizoholotype
MNHN.D.T 2191 (slide deposited in MZUS
unregistered).
TYPE LOCALITY: Between U.S.A. (Florida) and Cuba (cf. Pisera
143
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
& Lévi, 2002e).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Off Mostardas (31°20’S–48°40’W, 150 m depth;
Mothes & Silva, 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A.: Florida (NW off
Dry Tortugas, 25o23’N–83o31’W, Schmidt, 1879; Sollas,
1888; Lendenfeld, 1903). Caribbean: between U.S.A.
(Florida State) and Cuba; Barbados, Antilles (MacIntyre
& Rützler, 1983; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). South
Africa, Mexico (Pacific Coast; Pisera & Lévi, 2002e).
! Siphonidium Schmidt, 1879
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Leiodermatium ramosum Schmidt, 1870 (by
original designation).
" Siphonidium ramosum (Schmidt, 1870)
Leiodermatium ramosum Schmidt, 1870: 21.
Siphonidium ramosum, Schmidt, 1879: 28; Sollas, 1888:
348; Topsent, 1892a: 52; Lendenfeld, 1903: 144; Topsent,
1904b: 63; Vacelet, 1969: 165; van Soest, 1993: 212; van
Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 66; Mothes & Silva, 1999: 131;
Pisera & Lévi, 2002e: 342; Mothes et al., 2003: 70; Mothes
et al., 2006c: 71.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 6321. Paratypes MCZ 6322,
BMNH 1886.12.31.2–3, MZUS PO-162. Schizoparatype
MNHN.D.T 780 (fragment of MZUS PO-162) (cf. Pisera
& Lévi, 2002e).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Mostardas (31°17’S–49°46’W, 150 m depth; Mothes
& Silva, 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida State; Schmidt,
1870), Cuba (Schmidt, 1879), Antilles (Sollas, 1888);
Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). Portugal, Azores
(Topsent, 1892a, 1904b); Tropical West Africa (van
Soest, 1993). Mediterranean: Italy, France (Vacelet, 1969;
Pisera & Lévi, 2002e).
Family Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002f).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Discodermia du Bocage, 1870
For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002f).
TYPE SPECIES: Dactylocalyx polydiscus Bowerbank, 1869b (by
subsequent designation; Pisera & Lévi, 2002f).
144
" Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880
Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880: 87; Sollas, 1888: 328;
Lendenfeld, 1903: 128; de Laubenfels, 1936: 176; de
Laubenfels, 1950b: 168; van Soest, 1981: 4; Zea, 1987:
220; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alcolado, 2002: 58;
Diaz, 2005: 471; Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (non Discodermia
dissoluta sensu Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 55 [= Discodermia
sp. undescribed]; cf. Lehnert & van Soest, 1999).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-202 (Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Stone, 1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO
ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (Schmidt, 1880), Bonaire (Kobluk
& van Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (van
Soest, 1981), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
ORDER POECILOSCLERIDA TOPSENT, 1928
For synonyms see Hooper & van Soest (2002d).
SUBORDER LATRUNCULINA KELLY & SAMAAI,
2002
For synonyms see Kelly & Samaai (2002).
Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922
For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869
For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (by
monotypy).
# Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869
For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (by
monotypy).
" Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes,
Campos, Eckert & Lerner, 2008
Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes et al.,
2008: 61.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3695. Paratype MCN 3641.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off Jaguaruna
(29º11.169’S–47º54.167’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off
Jaguaruna (REVIZEE Sul, R.V. “Antares”, 29º11.169’S–
47º54.167’W, 420 m depth; Mothes et al., 2008 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The coordinates of the type locality were deduced

from those presented by Mothes et al. (2008), viz.,
29º11’169”S–47º54’167”W, which are here interpreted
as misprinted.
SUBORDER MICROCIONINA HAJDU, VAN SOEST
& HOOPER, 1994
Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922
For synonyms see Hooper (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 6
! Acarnus Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Berg (1899b).
TYPE SPECIES: Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867a (by
monotypy).
" Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867
Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867a: 544; Carter, 1871: 273; de
Laubenfels, 1936: 93; Alcolado, 1976: 5; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 145; Zea, 1987: 161; van Soest et al., 1991: 53;
Alcolado, 2002: 65; Hooper, 2002b: 414; Moraes et al.,
2003: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
Acarnus carteri Ridley, 1884: 453.
Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus, van Soest, 1984: 61.
TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH Bowerbank collection 309.
TYPE LOCALITY: West Indies.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Lévi, 1963), “West Indies”
(Ridley, 1884; Hooper, 2002b), Colombia (Zea, 1987),
U.S.A. (Florida), Curaçao, Cuba (Alcolado, 1976, 2002;
van Soest, 1984; van Soest et al., 1991), Dominican
Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986).
" Acarnus nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra,
1991
Acarnus souriei sensu Hechtel, 1965: 40; van Soest, 1984: 63;
Hofman & Kielman, 1992 (non Acanthacarnus souriei
Lévi, 1952 [= Acarnus souriei]).
Acarnus nicoleae van Soest et al., 1991: 68; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 85; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Diaz, 2005: 471;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2007a: 40; Muricy et al., 2008: 67.
Acarnus nicolae, Muricy et al., 2006: 141 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 8768. Paratypes
ZMAPOR 8758, 3327, 3677, 8763, 8548, 6460, 3830.
TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia: El Morro.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
Taxonomic List
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Piúma
(REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849oS–40.167oW, 75 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Off Cabo de São Tomé (60 m depth; Muricy & Hajdu,
2007a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados, Bonaire, Colombia, Cuba,
Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984; van Soest et
al., 1991; Hofman & Kielman, 1992; Alcolado, 2002),
Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998),
Panama (Diaz, 2005).
" Acarnus radovani (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
Acanthacarnus radovani Boury-Esnault, 1973: 284; Hechtel,
1976: 252.
Acarnus radovani, van Soest et al., 1991: 68; Santos et al.,
2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006:
141.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 963-bis (Fig.
12H).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife
(8o23’S–34o42’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Off Macaé (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y1,
22.319oS–40.826oW, 58.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (van Soest et al.,
1991).
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. The holotype fixed by van
Soest et al. (1991) was the single original specimen
deposited in the MNHN collection.
" Acarnus souriei (Lévi, 1952)
Acanthacarnus souriei Lévi, 1952: 54; Lévi, 1959: 132; Vacelet,
1961: 42 (non Acanthacarnus souriei sensu Hechtel, 1965:
40; van Soest, 1984: 63 [= A. nicoleae]; Thomas, 1970,
1973 [= A. bicladotylota]; cf. van Soest et al., 1991).
Acanthacarnus levii Vacelet, 1960: 267.
Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) souriei, van Soest, 1984: 63.
Acarnus souriei, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 121; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; van Soest
et al., 1991: 65; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 160.
Acarnus ?souriei, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Hechtel, 1965).
TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal (W Africa).
145
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
BRAZILIAN RECORDS:Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean-Atlantic (Corsica; Vacelet,
1960, 1961). West Africa (Senegal: Lévi, 1952; Gulf of
Guinea: Lévi, 1959; van Soest et al., 1991). Curaçao,
Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984), Bonaire (Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988),
Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990).
Cape Verde (van Soest et al., 1991), Tropical West Africa
(van Soest, 1993).
" Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973
Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 285; van Soest et al.,
1991: 62.
Acarnus toxeota, Hechtel, 1976: 253 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1037 (Fig.
13A).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos (18o09’S–
38o30’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 80, 18o09’S–38o30’W, 50 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C5-
17R, 18.663oS–37.870oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (van Soest et al.,
1991).
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. The holotype was designated
by van Soest et al. (1991) from the original series
deposited in the MNHN collection.
! Cornulum Carter, 1876
For synonyms see Hooper (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Cornulum textile Carter, 1876 (by monotypy).
" Cornulum tylotum (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new
combination)
Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976:
252; Santos et al., 2002b: 392.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943 (Fig.
13B).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto de
Galinhas (8o25’S–34o48’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W,
27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
146
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as the
holotype by monotypy the single specimen deposited
in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on
Hooper (2002b) and van Soest et al. (2011).
Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 8
Subfamily Microcioninae Carter, 1875
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
! Clathria Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Clathria compressa Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent
designation; Schmidt, 1864).
# Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Clathria compressa Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent
designation; Schmidt, 1864).
" Clathria (Clathria) calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973
Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976:
253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035 (Fig.
13C).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Prado (Corumbau
District; 16o47’S–38o53’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Prado
(Corumbau District; Calypso sta. 76, 16o47’S–38o53’W,
27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We fixed here as holotype by
monotypy the single original specimen, deposited in the
MNHN collection. (2) New subgenus assignment based
on Hooper (1996, 2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Clathria (Clathria) prolifera (Ellis & Sollander, 1786)
Spongia prolifera Ellis & Sollander, 1786: 189.
Microciona prolifera, Johnson, 1971: 110; Green, 1977: 93;
Santos et al., 1999: 57.
Clathria (Clathria) prolifera, van Soest, 1984: 91.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Stone, 1986).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: New Jersey.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:

Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,
1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (New England, North Carolina,
Florida), Mexico (Ellis & Sollander, 1786; Green, 1977;
van Soest, 1984).
REMARKS: van Soest (1984) considered this record from Brazil
as doubtful.
# Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Microciona atrasanguinea Bowerbank, 1862b (by
subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1864).
" Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Axociella calla de Laubenfels, 1934: 16.
Clathria calla, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976: 253;
van Soest, 1993: 212; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Vaske-
Júnior, 2010: 45.
Tenaciella obliqua sensu Alcolado, 1976: 5.
Clathria (Microciona) calla, van Soest, 1984: 100; Zea, 1987:
170; Hooper, 1996: 220; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 87;
Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
Microciona calla, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 150.
TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 22333.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: off Vega Baja.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Curaçao, U.S.A. (Florida), Jamaica
(Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1984; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Colombia (Zea, 1987);
Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: van Soest (1984) considered the Brazilian record of
C. calla by Boury-Esnault (1973) as doubtful due to its
ramose habit and lack of the smaller category of toxa.
The specimens from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago,
however, are thinly encrusting.
" Clathria (Microciona) campecheae Hooper, 1996
Hymeraphia affinis Topsent, 1889: 43.
Clathria (Microciona) affinis sensu van Soest, 1984: 93 (non
Microciona affinis Carter, 1880).
Clathria affinis sensu Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216.
Clathria (Microciona) campecheae Hooper, 1996: 220.
Clathria campecheae, Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 71.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 1841. Paratype
Taxonomic List
MNHN.LBIM.D.T 3584.
Mexico: Bank of Campeche.
TYPE LOCALITY:
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Santos
et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Mexico (Bank of
Campeche; Topsent, 1889; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;
Hooper, 1996).
# Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia virgultosa Lamarck, 1814 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936 junior synonym of
Spongia juniperina).
" Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault,
1973)
Rhaphidophlus basiarenacea Boury-Esnault, 1973: 287.
Rhaphidophlus basiarenarea, Hechtel, 1976: 252 (misspelling).
Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenaria, Santos et al., 2002b: 392
(misspelling).
Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea, Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 972 (Fig.
13D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Calypso sta. 14,
Santo Antônio Bay, 6-10 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. The holotype was designated
by Hooper (1996) from the original series deposited in
the MNHN collection.
" Clathria (Thalysias) minuta (van Soest, 1984)
Rhaphidophlus minutus van Soest, 1984: 115; Muricy et al.,
1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.
Clathria minuta, van Soest, 1993: 212.
Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215;
Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4796.
TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991
[ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao (van Soest, 1984).
Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
" Clathria (Thalysias) procera (Ridley, 1884)
Rhaphidophlus procerus Ridley, 1884: 451.
Echinonema gracilis Ridley, 1884: 617.
Rhaphidophlus gracilis, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 152; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 11.
Clathria procera, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1882.2.23.313.
TYPE LOCALITY: N Australia: Port Darwin.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1887
[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: North Australia, Seychelles, Indonesia,
Red Sea (Ridley, 1884).
REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887)
record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by
the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) New
subgenus assignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002a),
van Soest et al. (2011).
! Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885
For synonyms see Hooper (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Wilsonella australiensis Carter, 1885d (by
monotypy).
" Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new
combination)
Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976:
253.
Phoriospongia nigra, Santos et al., 2002b: 393.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946, 983 (Fig.
13E, F).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife
(8o19’S–34o39’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate
type specimens for this species. We designated here as
syntypes the only two original specimens deposited in
148
the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer and subgenus
assignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002c), van Soest et
al. (2011).
Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923
For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 7
Subfamily Cyamoninae Hooper, 2002d
! Cyamon Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1866 (by
monotypy).
" Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864)
Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1864: 267.
Cyamon vickersii, Dendy, 1922: 108; de Laubenfels, 1950a:
68; Alcolado, 2002: 64; Hooper, 2002d: 498.
Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 255.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1887.
TYPE LOCALITY: ?Caribbean (“West Indies”).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Marataízes (Calypso sta. 97, 21o10’S–40o42’W, 12 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: “West Indies” (Bowerbank, 1864;
Hooper, 2002d). Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: Although Hechtel (1976) did not specify the exact
location of his record (“Rio de Janeiro, Santos and
South”), he was quoting Boury-Esnault (1973) who
recorded it from off Marataízes.
Subfamily Echinodictinae Hooper, 2002d
! Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881
For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia bilamellata, var. ß, Lamarck, 1816 (in
part) (by original designation), junior synonym of
Spongia mesenterina Lamarck, 1814 (cf. Topsent, 1932).
" Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983
Echinodictyum sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b:
392.
Pandaros sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 68 (taxonomic decision
present paper).
Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983: 68; Santos et al.,
2002b: 392; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Cedro et al., 2007:
234.

TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8946 (Fig. 13G). Paratype
YPM 8962.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Paulista.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). CEARÁ STATE:
Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Paulista
(intertidal, Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). Cabo de Santo Agostinho
(Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Subfamily Raspailiinae Hooper, 2002d
! Ectyoplasia Topsent, 1930
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia tabula Lamarck, 1814 (by original
designation).
" Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Amphimedon ferox Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 81.
Ectyoplasia ferox surgens Wiedenmayer, 1977: 158.
Ectyoplasia ferox, van Soest, 1981: 9; Zea, 1987: 202; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl,
1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 87; Muricy &
Moraes, 1998: 215; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Rützler
et al., 2000: 236; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al.,
2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 124; Diaz, 2005: 470;
Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricy
et al., 2008: 79.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 38.
Schizolectotypes USNM 31004, MNHN.D.NBE 1059,
BMNH 1928.11.12.39.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park,
20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha (Muricy
& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999
[genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology];
Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin
(Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica,
Dominican Republic, Panama (Diaz, 2005), Colombia,
Taxonomic List
Venezuela, Bonaire, Curaçao (Wiedenmayer, 1977; Zea,
1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990;
Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize
(Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: All Brazilian specimens studied so far lack the
typical clavulate acanthostyles and therefore belong to
the variety surgens sensu Wiedenmayer (1977).
! Raspailia Nardo, 1847
For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Raspailia typica Nardo, 1833 (by monotypy).
# Raspailia (Raspailia) Nardo, 1833
For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Raspailia typica Nardo, 1833 (by monotypy).
" Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886
Raspailia tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 482; Ridley & Dendy,
1887: 188; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11.
Basiectyon tenuis, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Raspailia cf. tenuis, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 113.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.24 (Fig. 13H).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original
description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988).
REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was referred
to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction). (2) New subgenus assignment based on
Hooper (2002d).
# Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913
For synonyms see Hooper (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Raspaxilla phakellina Topsent, 1913b (by
monotypy).
" Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner, Carraro
& van Soest, 2006
Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973: 278; Hechtel, 1976:
255.
Raspailia elegans, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Silva et al., 2006:
137 (non Raspailia elegans Lendenfeld, 1887 [senior
homonym]).
Raspailia (Raspaxilla) elegans, Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.
Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner et al., 2006: 39.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1032 (Fig.
14A; slide in ZMAPOR 17585). Paralectotype MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 1039 (Fig. 14B).
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Off Campos
dos Goytacazes (22o12’S–40o59’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 100, 22o12’S–
40o59’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original
description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela
(Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). Off Ubatuba
(Picinguaba, Calypso sta. 122, 23o26’S–44o48’W, 36
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Coral Island (Lerner et al., 2006
[description]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. Lerner et al. (2006) designated
as holotype the specimen illustrated in Boury-Esnault
(1973: 292). However, there are actually two specimens
deposited in the MNHN collection; therefore, we retain
the specimen selected by Lerner et al. (2006) as lectotype
and fix the other one as paralectotype (ICZN article 74).
(2) Although Hechtel (1976) did not specify the exact
location of his record (“Rio de Janeiro, Santos and South”),
he was quoting Boury-Esnault (1973) who recorded it
from off Campos dos Goytacazes and off Ubatuba.
" Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina Topsent, 1913
Raspaxilla phakellina Topsent, 1913b: 617; Hooper, 2002d:
475; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 207.
Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina, Hajdu et al., 2004: 185;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.T 1614 (cf. Hooper,
2002d).
TYPE LOCALITY: Off Argentina: Burdwood Bank (54o25’S–
57o32’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25º36.988’S–
45º13.571’W, 380 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela
(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25º11.005’S–44º56.6’W, 168 m
depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni,
2005), off Argentina (South of Falkland Islands; Topsent,
1913b; Hooper, 2002d).
Subfamily Thrinacophorinae Hooper, 2002d
! Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885
TYPE SPECIES: Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy,
1886 (by monotypy).
150
" Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886
Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley
& Dendy, 1887: 195; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13; Hechtel,
1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Hooper, 2002d:
494; Maas-Vargas, 2004: 14; Swain & Wulff, 2007: 699.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.5.2.27 (two specimens;
Fig. 14C).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]; Swain & Wulff,
2007 [ecology]). Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description];
Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hooper,
2002d [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Paulista
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Caribbean coast (Maas-Vargas,
2004).
REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the outside
label (“off Bermuda”) was different from the inside label
(“off Bahia”), but also that there can be little doubt that
Bahia is the correct locality. (2) The type locality (off
Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.
Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (3) Hechtel (1976)
did not state the precise locality of his record from
Pernambuco State (off Paulista – Maria Farinha Beach);
it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 8948.
(4) Swain & Wulff (2007) did not state the precise locality
of their record from off the mouth of the Amazon River;
it was inferred from the label of the specimen USNM
1084839.
Family Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3
! Rhabderemia Topsent, 1890
For synonyms see Hooper (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Microciona pusilla Carter, 1876 (by subsequent
designation; Dendy, 1905) (junior synonym of Microciona
minutula Carter, 1880; cf. van Soest & Hooper, 1993).
" Rhabderemia besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005
Rhabderemia aff. africana, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50 (in part).
Rhabderemia besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 6; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3184.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Guarujá
(25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO

STATE: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686,
25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W, 380 m depth; Hajdu et
al., 2004 [faunistics]; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [original
description – but see remarks]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Oliveira & Hajdu (2005) erroneously reported the
depth of station 6686 as 153 m.
" Rhabderemia itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005
Rhabderemia itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 7; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3177.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off Itajaí
(27°28.700’S–047°09.660’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off
Itajaí (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6786, 27°28.70’S–047°09.66’W,
380 m depth; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [original
description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper,
1993
Rhabderemia coralloides sensu Burton, 1940: 116 (non
Rhabderemia coralloides Dendy, 1924).
Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper, 1993: 329;
Mothes et al., 2003: 68; Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Mothes
et al., 2004c: 185; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 207;
Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 3; Mothes et al., 2006c: 68; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007: 355.
Rhabderemia aff. africana, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50 (in part).
Rhabderemia (Rhabderemia) uruguaiensis, Hajdu &
Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 2008: 380.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MACN 15953. Schizoholotype
BMNH 1933.6.10.11a.
TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay (off Maldonado, 35°08’S–52°35’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686,
25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W, 380 m depth; Hajdu et al.,
2004 [faunistics]; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [description
– but see remarks]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25°11.005’S–
044°56.6’W, 167 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]).
South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio
Grande (520 m depth; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c
[diagnosis]). Off Tavares (REVIZEE Sul sta. 26,
31°16’S–49°45’W, 133 m depth; sta. 23, 31°20’S–49°41’W,
296 m depth; sta. 25, 31°17’S–49°42’W, 145 m depth;
Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile, Uruguay (van Soest & Hooper, 1993;
Taxonomic List
López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-
Faúndez, 2008).
REMARKS: Oliveira & Hajdu (2005) erroneously reported the
depth of Station 6686 as being 153 m.
SUBORDER MYCALINA HAJDU, VAN SOEST &
HOOPER, 1994
Family Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886
For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 5
! Biemna Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Desmacidon peachi Bowerbank, 1866 (by original
designation; junior synonym of Halichondria variantia
Bowerbank, 1861).
" Biemna microacanthosigma Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner
& van Soest, 2004
Biemna microacanthosigma Mothes et al., 2004a: 480.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1898. Paratype MCN 1901.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(Comissão Pesca Norte I, 02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m
depth, Mothes et al., 2004a [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Biemna spinomicroxea Mothes, Campos, Lerner,
Carraro & van Soest, 2005
Biemna spinomicroxea Mothes et al., 2005: 41.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1887.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Calçoene
(03°56’00”N–50°00’07”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Calçoene
(Comissão Pesca Norte I, 03°56’00”N–50°00’07”W, 81 m
depth; Mothes et al., 2005 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Biemna trisigmata Mothes & Campos, 2004
Biemna trisigmata Mothes & Campos, 2004: 4.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1897.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Off Amapá
(Comissão Pesca Norte I, 02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m
depth; Mothes & Campos, 2004 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Desmacella Schmidt, 1870
151
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Desmacella pumilio Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent
designation; Dendy, 1922; invalid subsequent designation
of D. annexa by Topsent, 1925; cf. Hajdu & van Soest,
2002).
" Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870
Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870: 53; Ridley & Dendy, 1887:
59; Topsent, 1892a: 84; Topsent, 1896c: 281; Ferrer-
Hernández, 1914: 34; Burton, 1959: 228; Sarà & Siribelli,
1962: 38; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 116; van Soest, 1993:
212; Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.
Desmacella vagabundus var. annexa, Schmidt, 1875: 117.
Desmacodes vagabundus var. annexa, Vosmaer, 1880: 15.
Biemna chevreuxi Topsent, 1890: 32; Burton, 1930: 518.
Desmacella pumilio Carter, 1874: 250; Burton, 1930: 521; de
Laubenfels, 1936: 114.
Tylodesma annexa, Hallmann, 1916: 518; Stephens, 1921: 13;
Burton, 1930: 521.
Biemna annexa, Lundbeck, 1902: 85; Babiç, 1921: 81; Burton,
1928a: 120.
Sigmatoxella annexa, de Laubenfels, 1936: 121; Vacelet, 1960:
265; Lévi, 1964: 71; Vacelet, 1969: 190; Hooper, 1996: 53.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1870.5.3.29.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25º36.988’S–
45º13.571’W, 380 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela
(REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25º11.005’S–44º56.6’W, 168 m
depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida State; Schmidt, 1870;
Schmidt, 1875; Vosmaer, 1880; de Laubenfels, 1936),
Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), off St. Thomas
(U.S. Virgin Islands; Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Cape Verde
(van Soest, 1993). Northeast Atlantic: Azores, Iceland
(Lundbeck, 1902), Spain (Topsent, 1890; Topsent, 1892a;
Ferrer-Hernández, 1914), France, Norway (Burton,
1930; Topsent, 1896c), English Channel (Carter, 1874),
Adriatic (Babiç, 1921); Mediterranean: Italy (Sarà
& Siribelli, 1962), Monaco, France (Stephens, 1921;
Vacelet, 1960, 1969); Indian Ocean (Oman, India, East
Africa; Burton, 1928a; Burton, 1959); Philippines (Lévi,
1964).
! Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897
For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Sigmaxinella australiana Dendy, 1897 (by
subsequent designation; Hallmann, 1916).
152
" Sigmaxinella cearense Salani, Lotufo & Hajdu, 2006
Sigmaxinella cearense Salani et al., 2006: 45; Muricy et al.,
2008: 74.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 8687 (Fig. 14D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: CEARÁ STATE: Off Fortaleza (ca.
03°34.399’S–038°22.840’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Off
Fortaleza (23 m depth; Salani et al., 2006 [original
description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Esperiopsis Carter, 1882
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Esperiopsis villosa Carter, 1882a (by original
designation).
" Esperiopsis bathyalis Lopes & Hajdu, 2004
Esperiopsis sp., Hajdu et al., 2004: 50.
Esperiopsis bathyalis Lopes & Hajdu, 2004: 25; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007: 354.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2848.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Guarujá
(25°18.874’S–044°52.516’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6679,
25°18.874’S–044°52.516’W, 808 m depth; Hajdu et
al., 2004 [faunistics]; Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 [original
description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Ulosa de Laubenfels, 1936
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia angulosa Lamarck, 1814 (by original
designation).
" Ulosa longimycalostylifera Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner &
van Soest, 2004
Ulosa longimycalostylifera Mothes et al., 2004a: 479.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1842.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: MARANHÃO STATE: Off Araioses
(02°12’00”S–41°48’00”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE: Off
Araioses (02°12’00”S–41°48’00”W, 56 m depth, Mothes
et al., 2004a [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.

Family Guitarridae Dendy, 1924
For synonyms see Hajdu & Lerner (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Guitarra Carter, 1874
For synonyms see Hajdu & Lerner (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Guitarra fimbriata Carter, 1874a (by
monotypy).
" Guitarra sepia Lerner, Hajdu, Custódio & van Soest,
2004
Guitarra sepia Mothes et al., 2003: 47 [nomem nudum];
Lerner et al., 2004: 407; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682;
Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 80; Silva et
al., 2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2010: 268.
Guitarridae sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3582. Paratypes MCN 3177,
3413, 3571, 3592, 3898, 3904, 3973, 4002, 1717, 2220,
2229, 2398, 3346, 3649, 3193, 3967, 3968. Schizotypes
deposited at ZMAPOR.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Arvoredo
Island.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo (6-10 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004
[original description]). Rio de Janeiro (17-20 m depth,
Cagarras Archipelago, Lerner et al., 2004 [original
description]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology];
Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Alcatrazes Archipelago (10-12 m depth; Lerner et al.,
2004 [original description]). Ilhabela (Rangel et al.,
2001 [pharmacology]; 12-25 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004
[original description]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];
Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Arvoredo Island (7-
14 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]).
Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 11 m depth, Ilha Deserta, 10-
14 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Hamacanthidae Gray, 1872a
For synonyms see Hajdu (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Hamacantha Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Hajdu (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864 (by
monotypy).
Taxonomic List
# Hamacantha (Vomerula) Schmidt, 1880
For synonyms see Hajdu (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Vomerula tenda Schmidt, 1880 (by subsequent
designation; Hajdu, 2002).
" Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera Lopes & Hajdu,
2004
Hamacantha sp. 3, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50.
Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera Lopes & Hajdu,
2004: 27.
Hamacantha microxifera, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4653.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Ilhabela
(25°11.000’S–044°56.650’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681,
25°11.000’S–044°56.650’W, 167 m depth; Hajdu et
al., 2004 [faunistics]; Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 [original
description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Isodictya Bowerbank, 1864
For synonyms see Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Spongia palmata Ellis & Solander, 1786 (by
subsequent designation; Dendy, 1924).
" Isodictya grandis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (new
combination)
Homoeodictya grandis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 347; Collette &
Rützler, 1977: 309.
TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH 87.5.2.161 (3 slides).
TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886).
REMARKS: Genus transfer based on Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu
(2002), van Soest et al. (2011).
Family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 14
! Mycale Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
153
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
TYPE SPECIES: Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1866 (by
subsequent designation; Thiele, 1903).
# Mycale (Aegogropila) Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Halichondria aegagropila Johnston, 1842 (by
subsequent designation; Dendy, 1922).
" Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984
Mycale caecilia, Wells et al., 1960: 212; Cooley, 1978: table 6
(non M. caecilia de Laubenfels, 1936).
Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984: 22; Rocha,
1995: 77.
Mycale americana, Zea, 1987: 138; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 60.
Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. americana, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999:
319.
Mycale aff. americana, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4074. Paratypes
ZMAPOR 3678, 3889, 3902, 4267, 4784.
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Isla Margarita.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). São Sebastião, intertidal (Rocha, 1995
[ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Rangel
et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004
[genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize, Colombia, Curaçao,
Venezuela (Isla Margarita); U.S.A. (Florida, North
Carolina) (Wells et al., 1960; Cooley, 1978; van Soest,
1984; Zea, 1987).
REMARKS: This species should be compared in detail to Mycale
(Aegogropila) citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998, a possible
junior synonym.
" Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei Hajdu, Zea, Kielman
& Peixinho, 1995
Mycale escarlatei Hajdu et al., 1995: 3; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
2004: 415; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 61.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4451. Paratypes MCN
2829, INV-POR 448, INV-POR 449. Schizotype from
holotype ZMAPOR 10710.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Hajdu et al., 1995 [original description]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO DE
154
JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Ilha do Bonfim, Hajdu
et al., 1995 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000),
Colombia (Hajdu et al., 1995).
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest &
Hajdu (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae Carballo & Hajdu, 1998
Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae Carballo & Hajdu, 1998: 188.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 381 (former DZUSP 381).
Paratypes MNRJ 296 (former DZUSP 296), MNRJ
302 (former DZUSP 302), MNRJ 369 (former DZUSP
369). Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1997.2.26.1,
ZMAPOR 11513.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião (Carballo & Hajdu, 1998 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
# Mycale (Arenochalina) Lendenfeld, 1887
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Arenochalina mirabilis Lendenfeld, 1887 (by
monotypy).
" Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima (Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864)
Acamas laxissima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 95.
Hircinia cartilaginea var. horrida Hyatt, 1877: 549.
Esperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 339; Ridley & Dendy,
1887: 70.
Mycale angulosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1936: 116; Lévi, 1959:
129 (non Pandaros angulosa Duchassaing et Michelotti,
1864; non Mycale angulosa of other authors).
Mycale nuda, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976:
254; van Soest, 1984: 31.
Thorecta horridus, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 70.
Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima, van Soest, 1984: 29.
Mycale laxissima, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 119; Schmahl, 1990:
379; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89;
Hajdu et al., 1999: 24; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Rangel et
al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004:
415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 62; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Menezes et al.,
2010: 467.
Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 748;
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Custódio et al., 2002: 204.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 34.

Schizolectotypes USNM 31001, MNHN.D.NBE 1300,
BMNH 1928.11.12.112.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley
& Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Andréa et al., 2007
[ecology]). Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). São
Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; 5-10 m depth,
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002
[spiculogenesis]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics];
Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida; Hyatt, 1877;
Schmahl, 1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bahamas, Cuba,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Is., Curaçao, Bonaire,
Colombia, Belize, Mexico (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van
Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado,
2002). Tropical West Africa (Lévi, 1959; van Soest, 1993;
Hajdu & Rützler, 1998).
REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886,
1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia”
by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2)
There is considerable distinction between Caribbean
and Brazilian forms of this species in overall external
appearance. Hajdu & Rützler (1998) proposed an
extensive synonymy including Esperella nuda Ridley &
Dendy, 1886, from Bahia state, but the cospecificity of
the two forms should be checked by genetic methods.
# Mycale (Carmia) Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Hymeniacidon macilenta Bowerbank, 1866 (by
subsequent designation).
" Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984
Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984: 27; Rützler et
al., 2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Mothes et al., 2003:
54; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004:
590; Diaz, 2005: 472; Mothes et al., 2006c: 93; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006: 65.
Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Hajdu & Rützler, 1998:
755; Carballo & Hajdu, 2001: 211; Lerner et al., 2005b:
602.
Mycale magnirafidiphera, Vilanova et al., 2004: 651
(misspelling).
Taxonomic List
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 04885.
TYPE LOCALITY:Curaçao.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela
(Carballo & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes
et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (6-11
m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas
(Galé Island, 5-11 m depth, Deserta Island, 6 m depth,
Lerner et al., 2005b [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Atlantic: U.S.A. (North
Carolina). Caribbean: Cuba, Curaçao, Belize (van
Soest, 1984; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000;
Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
" Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927
Mycale fistulata var. microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927: 144.
Mycale lissochela sensu Alcolado, 1976 [non M. lissochela
Bergquist, 1965].
Carmia microsigmatosa, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991: 510;
Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Nassar
& Silva, 1999: 200.
Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, van Soest, 1984: 24; Zea,
1987: 142; Rocha, 1995: 77; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 758;
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999:
161; Custódio et al., 2002: 204; Ribeiro et al., 2003: 952;
Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682.
Mycale microsigmatosa, Hechtel, 1965: 47; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 124; Muricy, 1989: 351; van Soest, 1993: 212;
Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lerner, 1996: 112; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 89; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Rützler et
al., 2000: 236; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 66;
Pereira et al., 2002: 312; Mothes et al., 2003: 46; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova
et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 472; Ferreira et al., 2006:
1343; Mothes et al., 2006c: 79; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 64;
Xavier et al., 2008: 77; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Ignacio
et al., 2010: Table S1; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lira et al.,
2010: 158; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b:
605.
Monanchora sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 1593.
TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(2 m depth, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). PERNAMBUCO
155
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
STATE: Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira
et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis
(Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (0.5-12.0 m depth,
Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991
[description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et
al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell
biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Pereira et al.,
2002 [chemical ecology]; Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology];
Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Niterói (0.5 m depth, Hajdu &
Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2003
[ecology]; Xavier et al., 2008 [ecology]). Rio de Janeiro
(Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology]; Monteiro & Muricy,
2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
4-20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009 [microbiology];
Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al.,
2010b [microbiology]). Sepetiba (Nassar & Silva,
1999 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (2 m depth,
Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; intertidal,
Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics];
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al.,
2002 [spiculogenesis]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004
[genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes et al.,
2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé,
Lerner, 1996 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize, Bonaire, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao,
Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico,
U.S.A. (Florida), Venezuela (Hechtel, 1965; Alcolado,
1976, 2002; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea,
1987; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998;
Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005); Tropical West Africa
(van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa and Mycale senegalensis from Sepetiba,
Rio de Janeiro State, both probably referring to the present
species. These records however are not considered valid
here because they were based on unpublished academic
studies.
# Mycale (Mycale) Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
156
TYPE SPECIES:Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1864 (by
subsequent designation; Thiele, 1903).
" Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-
Faúndez, 1994
Mycale fusca sensu Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 132 (non Esperella
fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [= Mycale (Mycale) laevis]; cf.
Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-
Faúndez, 1994: Hajdu, 1995).
Mycale arenosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991: 506;
Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429 (non
Mycale parasitica var. arenosa Hentschel, 1911 [senior
homonym]).
Mycale arenaria, Hajdu, 1995: 50; Rützler et al., 2000: 236;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 63.
Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,
1994: 568; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva,
1999: 161.
Mycale aff. arenaria, Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes et al.,
2006: 168.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 2431, Paratypes
UFRJPOR 2432-2438. Schizotypes MHNG 993.123,
MNHN unregistered, BMNH 1989.6.12.1, ZMAPOR
8481.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Marechal Deodoro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Guarapari (Solé-Cava et
al., 1981 [description]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,
1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Armação dos Búzios (Hajdu & Boury-Esnault,
1991 [description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo
(2-4 m depth; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu &
Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Muricy et al., 1993
[pharmacology]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,
1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
" Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae Hajdu & Desqueyroux-
Faúndez, 1994
Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,

1994: 569; Hajdu, 1995: 51.
Mycale beatrizae, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4244. Schizotypes
MHNG 993.122 (slide), ZMAPOR 10656 (slide).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Ubatuba
(24o09.0’S–44o22.5’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Ubatuba (R./V. Prof. W. Besnard sta. 5170, 24o09.0’S–
44o22.5’W, 136 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,
1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The possible synonymy of this species with
Mycale (Mycale) doellojuradoi Burton, 1940 should be
reevaluated.
" Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882)
Esperia laevis Carter, 1882a: 291.
Esperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 339; Ridley & Dendy,
1887: 72.
Mycale fusca, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 254
(non Mycale fusca sensu Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [= Mycale
(Mycale) arenaria]).
Mycale laevis, Hechtel, 1965: 46; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 125;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Hajdu &
Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994: 574; Hajdu, 1995: 56;
Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 763; Hill, 1998: 145; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998: 89; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Alcolado,
2002: 66; Diaz, 2005: 472.
Mycale (Mycale) laevis, van Soest, 1984: 14.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1939.3.24.23.
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Puerto Cabello.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Salvador (31 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886
[description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize, Colombia, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002),
Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest,
1984), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Venezuela
(Alvarez et al., 1990; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Rützler et
al., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887)
record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the
H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
" Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973
Mycale quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973: 278; Hechtel,
Taxonomic List
1976: 254; Hajdu, 1995: 61; Muricy et al., 2006: 142.
Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Hajdu & Desqueyroux-
Faúndez, 1994: 582.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.NBE 1010.
Schizotype UFRJPOR 3387.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Valença (13o18’S–
38o42’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAPÁ STATE: Localities
not informed (N.O.A.S. sta. 1763, 2012; Hajdu &
Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu,
1995 [description]). PARÁ STATE: Locality not informed
(N.O.A.S. sta. 1882; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez,
1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Off
Salinópolis (N.O.A.S. sta. 1889, 00°23.0’S–47°16.1’W,
31 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994
[description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64,
13o18’S–38o42’W, 45-48 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description];
Hajdu, 1995 [description]). MARANHÃO STATE: Off
Tutóia (N.O.A.S. sta. 1817, 02o12’S–42o25’W, 60 m depth;
Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description];
Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Off São Francisco de Itabapoana
(REVIZEE sta. C2-36R, 21.517oS–40.300oW, 52 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. The holotype designated by
Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1994) was the single
original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection.
# Mycale (Naviculina) Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Naviculina cliftoni Gray, 1867a (by monotypy).
" Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris Lerner & Hajdu, 2002
Mycale (Naviculina) sp., Hajdu, 1999: 227.
Mycale arcuiris, Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 57;
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Dresch et al., 2005: 17.
Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Lerner & Hajdu, 2002: 112;
Silva et al., 2006: 137.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 773. Paratypes MNRJ 263,
362, 425, 1826, 3757, 3983, 3984, 3987, 3990. Schizotypes
from holotype MCN 4759, ZMAPOR 15832, BMNH
2000.5.30.1.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original description]).
São Sebastião (0.5-15 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002
157
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
[original description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]).
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not
informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et
al., 2003 [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology];
Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha
da Galé, 4 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original
description]; Parcel da Ilha Deserta (submerged islet,
27°6.500’S–48°20.000’W, 18-19 m depth), Lerner &
Hajdu, 2002 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata (van Soest, 1984)
(subgenus transfer)
Mycale (Aegogropila) diversisigmata van Soest, 1984: 21.
Mycale diversisigmata, Cedro et al., 2007: 234.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4783.
TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao: St. Martha Bay.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao (van Soest, 1984).
REMARKS: Subgenus transfer based on van Soest & Hajdu
(2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata Lerner & Hajdu, 2002
Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata Lerner & Hajdu, 2002: 118.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1671. Paratype MNRJ
1669. Schizotypes from holotype MCN 4759, ZMAPOR
16243.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (11.5 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
# Mycale (Zygomycale) Topsent, 1931
For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Raphiodesma parishi Bowerbank, 1875 (by
original designation).
" Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing &
Michelotti, 1864)
Pandaros angulosa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 89.
Zygomycale parishii, de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1965: 48;
Hechtel, 1976: 256; Alcolado, 1980: 4; Duarte & Morgado,
1983: 4; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996: 140; Morgado & Tanaka,
2001: 174 (non Rhaphiodesma parishii Bowerbank, 1875).
Mycale (Aegogropila) angulosa, van Soest, 1984: 16; Muricy &
Silva, 1999: 161; Custódio et al., 2002: 204.
Mycale angulosa, de Laubenfels, 1953: 528; van Soest, 1993:
212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Muricy & Moraes,
1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Rützler et al., 2000: 235;
158
Alcolado, 2002: 66; Santos et al., 2002b: 393; Lôbo-Hajdu
et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al.,
2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 59;
Muricy et al., 2008: 72; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35; Menezes
et al., 2010: 467; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1.
Zygomycale angulosa, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 130.
Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319;
Lerner et al., 2005a: 89.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 54.
Schizolectotypes USNM 31021, MNHN.D.NBE 1310,
BMNH 1928.11.12.20.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Ribeiro et al.,
2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Parati (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999
[genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Lôbo-Hajdu
et al., 2004 [genetics]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al.,
2010 [ecology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Guarujá (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Duarte
& Morgado, 1983 [ecology]; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996
[ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002 [spiculogenesis];
Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; 5-10 m depth,
Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). Ubatuba (Duarte
& Morgado, 1983 [ecology]; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996
[ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Morgado
& Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). South Region: PARANÁ
STATE: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, 0.2 m depth; Lerner et
al., 2005a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de
Laubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Curaçao, Margarita (van
Soest, 1984), U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Jamaica
(Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), Panama
(Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Tropical West
Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Mycale (Aegogropila)
angulosa and Zygomycale parishii, both probably
belonging to the present species, from Sepetiba, Rio de
Janeiro State; these records however are not accepted
as valid here because they were based on unpublished
academic studies.

SUBORDER MYXILLINA HAJDU, VAN SOEST &
HOOPER, 1994
Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886
For synonyms see van Soest (2002d).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
! Chondropsis Carter, 1886
For synonyms see van Soest (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886b (by
monotypy).
" Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886
Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886b: 122; Carter, 1890: 564;
Santos et al., 2002b: 393; van Soest, 2002d: 522.
Holopsamma arenifera sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10;
Hechtel, 1976: 252.
Chondrosia arenifera, Santos et al., 2002b: 390.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.149.
TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Port Philip Heads.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha (Carter, 1890 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: S Australia (Carter, 1886b; van Soest,
2002d).
REMARKS: The Brazilian record was possibly misidentified;
it was considered questionable by Hechtel (1976) and
needs revision.
! Psammoclema Marshall, 1880
For synonyms see van Soest (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Psammoclema ramosum Marshall, 1880 (by
monotypy).
" Psammoclema porosum (Poléjaeff, 1884) (new
combination)
Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884: 48; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961: 20; Hechtel, 1976: 254.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was called “off
Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
(2) Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002d), van Soest
et al. (2011).
Taxonomic List
Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6
! Coelosphaera Thomson, 1873
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Coelosphaera tubifex Thomson, 1873 (by
monotypy).
# Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) Thomson, 1873
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Coelosphaera tubifex Thomson, 1873 (by
monotypy).
" Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) biclavata Priest, 1881
Polymastia biclavata Priest, 1881: 303.
Coelosphaera biclavata, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Belize.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Priest, 1881).
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest
(2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera Hechtel,
1969
Coelosphaera raphidifera, Hechtel, 1969: 13; Rützler et al.,
2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65 (?non Fibularia raphidifera
Topsent, 1889: 16 [senior secondary homonym]).
Fibularia (?) raphidifera, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: YPM 7745.
TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (27 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Belize (Rützler
et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record
was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the
label of the specimen YPM 5712. (2) New subgenus
assignment based on van Soest (2002b), van Soest et
al. (2011). (3) This species probably should receive a
new replacement name since it became a junior
homonym of Fibularia raphidifera Topsent, 1889 after
the transfer of both to Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera).
However, it is not clear if the two species are actually
synonymous (cf. van Soest et al., 2011) and a revision of
both is necessary.
159
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
! Forcepia Carter, 1874
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Forcepia colonensis Carter, 1874 (by monotypy).
# Forcepia (Forcepia) Carter, 1874
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Forcepia colonensis Carter, 1874.
" Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973: 280; Hechtel, 1976:
254 (non Forcepia (Ectoforcepia) trilabis sensu van Soest,
1984: 66; non Forcepia trilabis sensu van Soest & Stentoft,
1988: 122 [= Forcepia colonensis]; cf. van Soest, 2002e;
van Soest, 2009).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973 (Fig.
14E).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Valença (13o18’S–
38o42’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Valença (Calypso sta. 64, 13o18’S–38o42’W, 45-48 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as the holo-
type by monotypy the single original specimen deposited
in the MNHN collection. (2) The transfer to the subgenus
Forcepia (Forcepia) was done by van Soest (2009).
! Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889 (by original
designation) (junior synonym of Halichondria isodictyalis
Carter, 1882a).
# Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) Burton, 1934
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Desmacidon dendyi Whitelegge, 1901 (by original
designation).
" Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife (Boury-Esnault,
1973) (new combination)
Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976:
253.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985, 1008
(Fig. 14F).
TYPE LOCALITIES: BRAZIL: PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S–
34o30’W) and PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto de
Galinhas (8o25’S–34o48’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PARAÍBA STATE: Off
Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth;
160
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Porto
de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 33 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate
type specimens for this species. We designated here as
syntypes the only two original specimens deposited in
the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on van
Soest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota (Boury-Esnault,
1973) (new combination)
Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel,
1976: 254.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986 (Fig. 14G).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra dos
Coqueiros (10o54’S–36o45’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SERGIPE STATE: Off
Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W,
34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype
by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in
the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on van
Soest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011).
# Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) Topsent, 1892
For synonyms see van Soest (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889 (junior
synonym of Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a).
" Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter,
1882)
Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a: 285.
Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889: 49.
Lissodendoryx leptoderma, Topsent, 1892a: 97.
Esperiopsis fragilis Verril, 1907: 333.
Lissodendoryx isodictyalis, Topsent, 1897a: 456; de Laubenfels,
1950a: 73; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 11; Hechtel, 1965: 38; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van
Soest, 1984: 54; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 146; Mothes &
Bastian, 1993: 23; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 89; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002b:
392; Diaz, 2005: 472; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Ignacio et
al., 2010: Table S1.
Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis, van Soest, 2002e:
540.

TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes (8 specimens): BMNH 39.3.24.13,
CLM-Sp. 57-58, 62-66, 73 (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977; van
Soest, 2002e).
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (Acapulco) and Venezuela (Puerto
Cabello).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (1-2 m depth,
Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife
(de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al.,
2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]).
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Venezuela (van
Soest, 1984), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998), U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina,
Florida), Panama (Diaz, 2005). Tropical West Africa;
Tropical Pacific America; Indo-Pacific; Australia; Red Sea
(cf. Hechtel, 1965); Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: (1) This allegedly cosmopolitan species is probably
a complex of cryptic species and needs revision.
(2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Lissodendoryx
isodictyalis from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; this
record is not considered valid here because it was based
on an unpublished academic study.
Family Crambeidae Lévi, 1963
For synonyms see van Soest (2002l).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Monanchora Carter, 1883a
For synonyms see van Soest (2002l).
TYPE SPECIES: Monanchora clathrata Carter, 1883a (by
monotypy).
" Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864)
Pandaros arbusculum Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 88;
van Soest et al., 1983: 199.
Echinostylinos unguiferus de Laubenfels, 1953: 528.
Echinostylinos (?) unguiferus, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.
Monanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1969: 21; Hechtel, 1976:
253; van Soest, 1984: 40; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 142;
Muricy, 1989: 351.
Prosuberites scarlatum Alcolado, 1984: 13.
Monanchora unguifera, Zea, 1987: 152.
Monanchora arbuscula, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1217;
Taxonomic List
Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Tavares
et al., 1994: 645; Tavares et al., 1995: 1142; Lehnert & van
Soest, 1998: 88; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1999: 159; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Rützler
et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002b:
393; Mothes et al., 2003: 51; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004:
683; Diaz, 2005: 472; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Lerner et
al., 2005b: 600; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et
al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006c: 87; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 70; Muricy et al., 2006: 142; Ferreira et al., 2007:
314; Kossuga et al., 2007: 1195; Muricy & Hajdu, 2007b:
41; Muricy et al., 2008: 70; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lira
et al., 2010: 158.
Monanchora cf. barbadensis, Klautau et al., 1994b: 401.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1728. Paralectotype
ZMAPOR 1729 (cf. van Soest et al., 1983).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,
2007b [description]). Abrolhos (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R,
16.117oS–38.170oW, 40 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1,
15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]). Salvador (Tavares et al., 1994 [chemistry];
Tavares et al., 1995 [chemistry]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]; Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). CEARÁ
STATE: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pedra da Risca
do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007
[pharmacology]). PARAÍBA STATE: Locality not informed
(Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy
& Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al.,
2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy
et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy,
1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy
et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell
biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião
161
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes
et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (7-8 m
depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao, Colombia, Belize,
U.S.A. (Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1953; van Soest, 1984;
Zea, 1987; Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Cuba (Alcolado,
2002), Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), Panama (Diaz,
2005).
REMARKS: (1) Hechtel (1976) did not inform the precise
locality of his records; it was inferred from the label
of the specimens YPM 5737, 8950 and 8980, all from
Recife. (2) The holotype of Echinostylinos unguiferus is
deposited at USNM 23404 (Fig. 14H).
Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922
For synonyms see van Soest (2002f).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Crella Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest (2002f).
TYPE SPECIES: Cribrella elegans Schmidt, 1862 (by original
designation).
# Crella (Grayella) Carter, 1869
For synonyms see van Soest (2002f).
TYPE SPECIES: Grayella cyathophora Carter, 1869 (by
monotypy).
" Crella (Grayella) spinosa (Hechtel, 1983)
Crelloxea spinosa Hechtel, 1983: 70.
Crella spinosa, Santos et al., 2002b: 393.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9019 (Fig. 15A).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Jaboatão dos
Guararapes, Olho d’Água Lagoon (Jacques Laborel,
personal communication, 2011).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Olho d’Água Lagoon
(Hechtel, 1983 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The locality of collection of this species was not
informed by Hechtel (1983), who stated only “tropical
Brazil”. It was discovered through the field number
written by hand in the verso of the label, thanks to a
personal communication from Jacques Laborel, the
collector of the specimen. As the Olho d’Água Lagoon is
a brackish to freshwater lagoon, the possibility that this
162
could be a freshwater sponge should be investigated. (2)
New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002c),
van Soest et al. (2011).
Family Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see van Soest (2002g).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Desmapsamma Burton, 1934
TYPE SPECIES:Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882a (by original
designation).
" Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)
Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882a: 283.
Desmacidon reptans Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 345; Ridley &
Dendy, 1887: 105; Lindgren, 1898: 303.
Desmapsamma anchorata, Burton, 1934: 547; Burton,
1959: 239; Lévi, 1959: 134; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10;
Hechtel, 1965: 21; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1984: 35;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 138; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 88; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado,
2002: 65; van Soest, 2002g: 574; Calcinai et al., 2004:
938; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006: 69; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Muricy et
al., 2008: 75; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Ignacio et al., 2010:
Table S1; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Meurer et al., 2010: 1.
Holopsamma helwigi, de Laubenfels, 1936: 97; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989: 1216; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Alcolado, 2002:
65.
Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) helwigi, Muricy & Moraes,
1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 392.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1939.3.24.12.
TYPE LOCALITY: Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886
[description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010
[faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré
(Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis
(Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Ilha Grande (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]; Meurer et al., 2010 [ecology]). Sepetiba
Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]).

WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Venezuela, Colombia
(van Soest, 1984; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al.,
2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Antigua (Carter, 1882a),
U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990). Tropical West Africa
(Burton, 1956; Lévi, 1959; van Soest, 1993); East Africa
(Burton, 1959); Indonesia (Burton, 1959; Calcinai et
al., 2004); China Sea (Lindgren, 1898); Australia: Great
Barrier Reef (Burton, 1934; Hechtel, 1965; van Soest,
1984).
REMARKS: This species is considered introduced in Indonesia
(Calcinai et al., 2004).
Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928
For synonyms see van Soest (2002h).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3
! Phorbas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
For synonyms see van Soest (2002h).
TYPE SPECIES: Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 92;
Carter, 1882a: 287; van Soest, 1984: 86; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989: 1210; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Rützler
et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; van Soest, 2002h:
586; Muricy et al., 2008: 76.
Pachychalina amaranthus, Wilson, 1902: 391.
Phorbas sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 59.
Schizolectotypes USNM 31026, MNHN.D.NBE 1315,
BMNH 1928.11.12.12.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean: U.S.A.
(Florida), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia, Curaçao,
Bonaire, Nassau, Venezuela, Panama (Carter, 1882a;
Wilson, 1902; van Soest, 1984; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; van Soest,
2002h).
" Phorbas plumosus (Montagu, 1818)
Spongia plumosa Montagu, 1818: 116.
Myxilla (?) plumosa var. fusifera Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 145;
Taxonomic List
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11.
Pronax plumosa, Hechtel, 1976: 254.
Phorbas plumosus, Corriero et al., 2007: 24.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: England: Devon.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description];
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: England (Montagu, 1818), Italy (Corriero
et al., 2007).
REMARKS: The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record
(off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S.
Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
" Phorbas ramosus (Hechtel, 1983) (new combination)
Anchinoe sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983: 67 [non Phorbas ramosus
(Lendenfeld, 1888); senior secondary homonym].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8969 (Fig. 15B).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Santo Antonio Bank.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Santo
Antonio Bank (60 m depth; Hechtel, 1983 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest
(2002d), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) This species needs
a new replacement name since it became a junior
homonym of Phorbas ramosus (Lendenfeld, 1888).
Family Iotrochotidae Ridley, 1884
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Iotrochota Ridley, 1884
For synonyms see van Soest (2002i).
TYPE SPECIES: Halichondria birotulata Higgin, 1877 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)
Halichondria birotulata Higgin, 1877: 296.
Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 281 (cf. Rützler et
al., 2007).
Iothrochota birotulata (Moraes et al., 2006: 167
[misspelling]).
Iotrochota birotulata, de Laubenfels, 1953: 522; Hechtel, 1965:
24; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1984: 38; Pulitzer-Finali,
1986: 139; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et
al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 88; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 158; Rützler et al.,
2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002a: 295;
163
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
van Soest, 2002i: 598; Diaz, 2005: 472; Cedro et al., 2007:
234; Rützler et al., 2007: 135.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1877.3.9.1. Paralectotype
BMNH 1877.3.9.2 (2 slides; cf. van Soest, 2002i; Rützler
et al., 2007).
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Kingston (cf. Rützler et al., 2007).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). BAHIA STATE:
Off Belmonte (Calypso sta. 70, 15o47’S–38o45’W, 57
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador (Santos et al., 2002a
[ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Recife (30 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]).
SERGIPE STATE: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta.
40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953;
Schmahl, 1990), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico,
Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia, Curaçao,
Bonaire, Venezuela, Panama (Hechtel, 1965; van Soest,
1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;
Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999;
Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005; Rützler
et al., 2007).
REMARKS: (1) The specimens from Fernando de Noronha
present neither the birotulate microscleres nor the erect
morphology typical of the species in the Caribbean and
should be investigated in more detail. (2) The precise
locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the
author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen
YPM 9000.
Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922
For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3
! Hymenancora Lundbeck, 1910
For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).
TYPE SPECIES: Leptosia umbellifera Topsent, 1904: 192 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Hymenancora tenuissima (Thiele, 1905) (new
combination)
Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905: 454.
Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima, Hajdu et al., 2004: 185;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 3307 (cf. Carsten Lüter,
pers. comm., 2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Calbuco.
164
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Ubatuba (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6664, 24º26.475’S–
44º06.554’W, 500 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Thiele, 1905).
REMARKS: Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002j), van
Soest et al. (2011).
! Myxilla Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).
TYPE SPECIES: Halichondria rosacea Lieberkühn, 1859 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
# Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) Hentschel, 1914
For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).
TYPE SPECIES: Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel, 1914 (by
original designation).
" Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis Thiele, 1905
Myxilla chilensis Thiele, 1905: 443; López-Gappa & Landoni,
2005: 209.
Ectyomyxilla chilensis, Koltun, 1964: 77.
Ectyomyxilla kerguelenensis, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 279
[misspelling].
Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 55 (non
Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel, 1914: 103).
Crellomyxilla chilensis, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 3298 (cf. Carsten Lüter,
pers. comm., 2011).
TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Calbuco.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 138, 24o43’S–45o10’W, 97-100 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Thiele, 1905), Antarctic (Koltun,
1964), Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), South
Africa (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973).
REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest
(2002e), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) The relationship
between Myxilla chilensis Thiele and Ectyomyxilla
kerguelensis Hentschel should be revised, as well as the
identity of this Brazilian record.
# Myxilla (Myxilla) Schmidt, 1862
For synonyms see van Soest (2002j).
TYPE SPECIES: Halichondria rosacea Lieberkühn, 1859 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986
Myxilla mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 145; Mothes &
Lerner, 1994: 53; Rocha, 1995: 77; Lehnert & van Soest,

1998: 88; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 68.
Myxilla ?mucronata, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47702.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991
[ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião
(intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998).
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest
(2002e), van Soest et al. (2011).
Family Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886
For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5
! Tedania Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera digitata Schmidt, 1862 (by original
designation; junior synonym of Halichondria anhelans
Lieberkühn, 1859).
# Tedania (Tedania) Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).
TYPE SPECIES: Reniera digitata Schmidt, 1862 (by original
designation; junior synonym of Halichondria anhelans
Lieberkühn, 1859).
" Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis Mothes, Hajdu & van
Soest, 2000
Tedaniopsis nsp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187.
Tedania sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.
Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis Mothes et al., 2000: 3.
Tedania brasiliensis, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 67.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 1193. Paratypes MCN
2319, UFRJPOR 1223a, 1276, 2862, 2979, 3062, 3080,
3149, 3150, MZUSP 12257, 12258. Schizoholotypes
BMNH 1997.1.13.1, ZMAPOR 11487.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: MARANHÃO STATE:
Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
Taxonomic List
[description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o31’00”S–
44o16’00”W, 54 m depth; Mothes et al., 2000 [original
description]). Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991
[ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 [checklist]; 3-15 m depth, Mothes et al.,
2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Cabo de São Tomé (51 m depth, Mothes
et al., 2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Alcatrazes Archipelago
(Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (5-16 m
depth, Mothes et al., 2000 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864)
Thalysias ignis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 83.
Tedania ignis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 70; Hechtel, 1965: 37;
Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 133; van Soest,
1984: 49; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 147; Zea, 1987: 157;
Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al.,
1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Mothes & Lerner,
1994: 53; Lerner, 1996: 113; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
88; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23;
Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000: 462;
Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174;
Alcolado, 2002: 65; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al.,
2002a: 296; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al.,
2002b: 393; Mothes et al., 2003: 54; Jimenez et al., 2004:
88; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004:
590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 472; Dresch
et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al.,
2006c: 92; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 66; Silva et al., 2006:
137; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Cedro et al., 2007: 234;
Farrapeira, 2008: 35; Rodrigues et al., 2007: 1; Ribeiro
et al., 2008: 38; Vita-Marques et al., 2008: 1100; Xavier et
al., 2008: 77; Laport et al., 2009: 91; Muricy et al., 2008:
77; Farrapeira et al., 2009: 91; Barradas et al., 2010: 63;
Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Farrapeira, 2010: 214;
Lira et al., 2010: 158; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et
al., 2010b: 605.
Tedania anhelans sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 282 (non
Tedania anhelans Lieberkühn, 1859; taxonomic decision
by Hechtel, 1976; Mothes et al., 2000).
Tedania vanhoffeni sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 282; Hechtel,
1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Tedania
vanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; non Tedania (Tedaniopsis)
vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007: 355).
Tedania vanhoeffeni, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 233; Mothes
165
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
de Moraes, 1987: 132 (non Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel,
1914: 90; non Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Mothes
et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355).
Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Lerner et al., 2005a: 88.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 72. Paralectotype
ZMAPOR 2373. Schizolectotypes MNHN.D.NBE 1341,
BMNH 1928.11.12.437.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]).
Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al.,
2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).
BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed (Farrapeira,
2010 [ecology]). Salvador (Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000
[ecology]; Santos et al., 2002a [ecology]; Andréa et al.,
2007 [ecology]). Off Santa Cruz de Cabrália (Calypso
sta. 73, 16o15’S–38o52’W, 24 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
CEARÁ STATE: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal;
Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). MARANHÃO
STATE: São Luís (Rodrigues et al., 2007 [ecology]).
PARAÍBA STATE: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010
[ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed
(Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Cabo de Santo Agostinho
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]).
Ipojuca (Farrapeira et al., 2009 [ecology]). Itamaracá
(Farrapeira, 2008 [ecology]). Porto de Galinhas
(Barradas et al., 2010 [ecology]). Off Porto de Galinhas
(Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 33 m depth; Calypso
sta. 29, 8o28’S–34o55’W, 22-30 m depth, Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off
Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lira et
al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
PIAUÍ STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]).
Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Locality not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008
[chemical ecology]). Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al.,
2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (1-15 m depth; Mothes
de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricy, 1989 [ecology];
Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993
[pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]).
Niterói (Guanabara Bay, 0.5 m depth, Xavier et al., 2008
[ecology]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004
166
[ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos
et al., 2010b [microbiology]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed (São Sebastião or Peruíbe; Vita-Marques
et al., 2008 [microbiology]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al.,
1999 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]).
Off Ubatuba (off Picinguaba, Calypso sta. 122, 23o26’S–
44o48’W, 36 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999
[checklist; erroneously indicated as Rio de Janeiro State];
Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). South Region:
PARANÁ STATE: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, 0.2 m depth;
Lerner et al., 2005a [description]). SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002
[pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis];
Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology];
Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (80
m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Ilha da
Galé, 5-12 m depth, Lerner, 1996 [description]). Porto
Belo (João da Cunha Island, 0.5 m depth; Mothes de
Moraes, 1987 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S.A (Florida), Puerto
Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Curaçao,
Dominican Republic (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer,
1977; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Panama
(Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Belize
(Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record
from Cabo de Santo Agostinho was not stated by the
author; it was obtained from the label of the specimen
YPM 8975. (2) The records of Santos et al. (2002b) from
Itamaracá and Gaibu are not considered valid because
they were based on unpublished conference abstracts.
(3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tedania ignis and
Tedania vanhoffeni from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State,
both probably actually referring to Tedania (Tedania)
ignis; these records however are not considered valid
here because they were based on unpublished academic
works.
# Tedania (Tedaniopsis) Dendy, 1924
For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).
TYPE SPECIES: Tedaniopsis turbinata Dendy, 1924 (by
monotypy).
" Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni Hentschel, 1914
Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; Koltun, 1964: 60
(non Tedania vanhoeffeni sensu Mothes de Moraes,
1985b: 233; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 132 [= T. ignis]).
Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58;

Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355 (non Tedania vanhoffeni sensu
Boury-Esnault, 1973; Hechtel, 1976 [= T. ignis]).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes ZMH S-2314 (seven specimens,
labelled as “originals”).
TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica (66°02’S–89°38’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off
Laguna (off Santa Marta Cape; 29o11.169’S–47o44.167’W,
420 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antarctica (Hentschel, 1914; Koltun,
1964).
REMARKS: The occurrence of Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni
in Brazil seems to be restricted to deep waters; all the
shallow water records were reallocated to Tedania
(Tedania) ignis (cf. Mothes et al., 2000).
# Tedania (Trachytedania) Ridley, 1881
For synonyms see van Soest (2002k).
TYPE SPECIES: Trachytedania spinata Ridley, 1881 (by
monotypy).
" Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidora (Boury-Esnault,
1973) (new combination)
Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973: 281;
Hechtel, 1976: 256; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001: 572.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 974.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Ilhabela
(24o06’S–45o29’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 136, 24o06’S–45o29’W, 48
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as the
holotype by monotypy the single original specimen
deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer
based on van Soest (2002f), van Soest et al. (2011).
" Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata (Ridley, 1881)
Trachytedania spinata Ridley, 1881: 122; Cristobo & Urgorri,
2001: 570.
Tedania spinata, Koltun, 1964: 63; Cuartas, 1991: 50; López-
Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 210.
Tedania murdochi Topsent, 1913b: 629; Boury-Esnault, 1973:
283; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van
Soest, 1996: 4; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161.
Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata, van Soest, 2002k: 632.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH.1879.12.27.9.
TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Portland Bay.
Taxonomic List
BRAZILIAN RECORDS:Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis (Calypso sta. 114; 23o04’S–44o14’W, 45
m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Falklands (Topsent, 1913b), Argentina
(Boury-Esnault, 1973; Cuartas, 1991; López-Gappa
& Landoni, 2005), Chile (Desqueyroux-Faúndez
& van Soest, 1996; van Soest, 2002k), Antarctica
(Koltun, 1964).
REMARKS: The proposition of Mothes et al. (2000) to reassign
this record to Tedania mucosa Thiele, 1905 is not followed
here.
ORDER SPIROPHORIDA BERGQUIST & HOGG,
1969
For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002f).
Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886a
For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 12
! Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959
For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Acanthotetilla hemisphaerica Burton, 1959 (by
monotypy).
" Acanthotetilla rocasensis Peixinho, Fernandez,
Oliveira, Caires & Hajdu, 2007
Acanthotetilla sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
Acanthotetilla rocasensis Peixinho et al., 2007: 510.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6359.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];
Peixinho et al., 2007 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Acanthotetilla walteri Peixinho, Fernandez, Oliveira,
Caires & Hajdu, 2007
Acanthotetilla walteri Peixinho et al., 2007: 512.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA-POR 1902. Paratypes UFBA-
POR 1893-1901, 1903-1906, 2020-2038.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Camaçari.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Camaçari (22-35 m depth; Peixinho et al., 2007 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Cinachyra Sollas, 1886a
167
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Cinachyra barbata Sollas, 1886a (by monotypy).
" Cinachyra helena Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007
Cinachyra sp. n., Muricy et al., 2006: 115.
Cinachyra helena Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007: 548.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3635-C. Paratype MNRJ
3658-B.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Linhares
(19°17’S–37°57’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C2-20F; 19°17’S–37°57’W,
500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Rodriguez
& Muricy, 2007[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Cinachyrella Wilson, 1925
For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Tetilla hirsuta Dendy, 1889 (by subsequent
designation; Rützler, 1987).
" Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929)
Cinachyra alloclada Uliczka, 1929: 41; Johnson, 1971: 112;
Hechtel, 1976: 252; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 183; Mothes de
Moraes, 1980: 76; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Santos et al.,
1999: 57.
Trachygellius cinachyra de Laubenfels, 1936: 158.
Cinachyra rhizophyta sensu Johnson, 1971: 112; Santos et
al., 1999: 57 (non Cinachyra rhizophyta Uliczka, 1929 [=
Cinachyrella apion]).
Cinachyrella alloclada, Rützler, 1987: 200; Atta et al., 1989:
380; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler
& Smith, 1992: 149; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rodriguez
et al., 1997: 1833; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Muricy
& Moraes, 1998: 215; Lazoski et al., 1999: 300; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Santos et al., 1999: 56; Muricy
& Silva, 1999: 160; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Alcolado,
2002: 58; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al.,
2003: 17; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 470; Dresch
et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006: 35; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Cárdenas et al., 2009:
6; Barradas et al., 2010: 63; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:
1087.
Cinachyrela alloclada, Silva et al., 2006: 137 (misspelling).
Cinachirella alboclade, Costa et al., 2000: 314 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 4921 (cf. Cárdenas et al.,
2009).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007
[ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]).
168
BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed (Atta et al., 1989
[chemistry]). Camaçari (Costa et al., 2000 [ecology]).
Salvador (Rodriguez et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Lazoski et
al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description];
Cárdenas et al., 2009 [description]). CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,
1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]).
PARAÍBA STATE: Locality not informed (Silva et al., 2006
[pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not
informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva
et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Paulista (Hechtel, 1976
[biogeography]). Porto de Galinhas (Barradas et al.,
2010 [ecology]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998
[faunistics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et
al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Potiguar
Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 213,
4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth; Santos et
al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al.,
1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Parati (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999
[genetics]). SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião (Mothes
de Moraes, 1980 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell
biology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Georgia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Florida); Bahamas, Colombia, Venezuela,
Panama, Cuba, Jamaica, Curaçao, Costa Rica (Alvarez et
al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas
et al., 2009).
REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record
was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the
label of the specimen YPM 9006. (2) The record of
Cinachyrella alloclada from Recife by Santos et al.
(2002b) was not considered valid because it was based
on unpublished data (a conference abstract).
" Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929)
Cinachyra apion Uliczka, 1929: 43; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van
Soest & Sass, 1981: 340.
Cinachyra rhizophyta Uliczka, 1929: 38.
Cinachyrella apion, Rützler, 1987: 200; Rützler & Smith, 1992:
156; Rodriguez et al., 1997: 1833; Lazoski et al., 1999:
300; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et

al., 2006: 166; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Rodriguez, 2007a:
42; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 8; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010:
1087; Medeiros et al., 2010: 212.
TYPE SPECIMENS: ZMB-Por 4911 (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia &
Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). BAHIA STATE: Locality not
informed (Rodriguez, 2007a [description]). Salvador
(Rodriguez et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Lazoski et al., 1999
[genetics]; intertidal, Cárdenas et al., 2009 [genetics]).
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Cabo de Santo Agostinho
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Extremoz (Medeiros et al.,
2010 [pharmacology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Atlantic: Bermuda, U.S.A.
(North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida). Caribbean:
Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Colombia, Panama (van
Soest & Sass, 1981; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Diaz, 2005;
Cárdenas et al., 2009), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000).
REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was
not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of
the specimen YPM 8959.
" Cinachyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929)
Cinachyra kükenthali Uliczka, 1929: 44; Collette & Rützler,
1977: 309; van Soest, 1993: 212.
Cinachyra kukenthali, Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 185; van Soest
& Stentoft, 1988: 42; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler & Smith,
1992: 154; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Alcolado, 2002:
58; Muricy et al., 2006: 139; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354;
Rodriguez, 2007b: 43; Muricy et al., 2008: 41; Cárdenas
et al., 2009: 10.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype USNM 31491 (cf. Rützler & Smith,
1992).
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon River
(Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]; Rützler & Smith,
1992 [description]). Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]).
Off Abrolhos (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.170oW,
40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off
Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW,
83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Salvador
(REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m
depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
Taxonomic List
al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b
[description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain
(REVIZEE sta. C5-24R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]).
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,
22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina),
Bahamas, Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Barbados,
Curaçao, Belize, Panama, Colombia (Wiedenmayer,
1977; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Rützler & Smith, 1992;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Cárdenas et
al., 2009), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was
not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of
the specimen YPM 8986.
! Craniella Schmidt, 1870
For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Craniella tethyoides Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Craniella carteri Sollas, 1886
Craniella carteri Sollas, 1886a: 182; Sollas, 1888: 35; Mello-
Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 254.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.23 (Fig. 15C),
1894.11.16.61-63, 1894.11.16.66-67.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas,
1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The type locality (off Salvador) was referred
to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf.
Introduction).
" Craniella corticata (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new
combination)
Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel,
1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 389.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027 (two
specimens; Fig. 15D).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife
(8o19’S–34o39’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth;
Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
169
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type
specimens for this species. We designated here as syntypes
the only two original specimens, deposited under the
same register number in the MNHN collection. (2)
Genus transfer based on van Soest & Rützler (2002), van
Soest et al. (2011).
" Craniella cranium (Müller, 1776)
Tethya cranium Müller, 1776: 255; Carter, 1890: 566; Santos
et al., 2002b: 391.
Tethya cranium var. abyssorum Carter, 1876: 405.
Tethya cranium var. infrequens Carter, 1876: 405.
Craniella muelleri Vosmaer, 1885a: 6.
Craniella cranium, Sollas, 1888: 51; Lévi, 1960: 746; Hechtel,
1976: 252; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 54; Santos et al.,
2002b: 388.
Tetilla cranium, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: North European seas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter,
1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway, United Kingdom, Azores,
Canaries, Madeira, Senegal (West Africa), Barents Sea,
U.S.A. Atlantic coast, Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Müller,
1776; Carter, 1876; Vosmaer, 1885a; Sollas, 1888; Lévi,
1960; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b).
REMARKS: Carter’s (1890) description is very short and does
not allow recognition of this species. This record is
therefore considered as highly questionable by Moraes et
al. (2006) and by us.
" Craniella quirimure Peixinho, Cosme & Hajdu, 2005
Craniella quirimure Peixinho et al., 2005: 33.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA 1812-POR. Paratypes MNRJ
601, 8417, UFBA-POR 161, 212, 222, 252, 254, 262, 999,
1776, 1811, 1888.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Jaguaripe.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Itaparica
(Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]). Jaguaripe
(intertidal, Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]).
Maraú (Camamu Bay; Peixinho et al., 2005 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Some register numbers of the paratypes include
several specimens.
! Tetilla Schmidt, 1868
170
For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868 (by
monotypy).
" Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868
Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868: 40; van Soest & Rützler,
2002: 97.
Tetilla euplocamus, Selenka, 1879: 469; Sollas, 1888: 45;
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy
& Silva, 1999: 161 [misspelling].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-206 (fragment deposited
in ZMB-Por 7165; slide in BMNH 1868.3.2.32).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Florianópolis.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Rio de Janeiro (Selenka, 1879 [description]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Florianópolis (Schmidt, 1868 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: (1) The slides of the holotype of T. euplocamos
are insufficient to characterize this species, which may
therefore be considered as unrecognizable. Furthermore,
Selenka’s (1879) material from Rio de Janeiro seems to
be lost, making this record questionable (cf. Santos &
Hajdu, 2003). (2) The type locality, Destêrro, is the old
name of Santa Catarina State capital Florianópolis; it is
not in Rio de Janeiro as stated by van Soest & Rützler
(2002).
" Tetilla radiata Selenka, 1879
Tetilla radiata Selenka, 1879: 468; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:
17; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Santos
& Hajdu, 2003: 637; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al.,
2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 34.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 7106 (Santos & Hajdu, 2003).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED:
RIO DE JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO (Prado et al., 2004
[pharmacology]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro
(Selenka, 1879 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography];
Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Sepetiba (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela (Santos &
Hajdu, 2003 [description]). São Sebastião (Santos &
Hajdu, 2003 [description]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive
key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (10
m depth, Santos & Hajdu, 2003 [description]; Muricy &
Hajdu, 2006 [description]).

WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tetilla radiata
from Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record
is not considered valid here because it was based on
unpublished academic studies.
Family Samidae Sollas, 1888
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Samus Gray, 1867a
TYPE SPECIES: Samus anonymus Gray, 1867a (by monotypy).
" Samus anonymus Gray, 1867
Samus anonyma Gray, 1867a: 526; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 130;
van Soest, 1993: 212.
Samus anonymus, Sollas, 1888: 57; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961:
15; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest & Hooper, 2002g: 100.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.221 (slide; cf. van
Soest & Hooper, 2002g).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador (Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et
al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; van
Soest & Hooper, 2002g [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, U.S.A.
(Florida), Palau Islands, West Africa, Seychelles, the
Mediterranean, Colombia, Curaçao (van Soest & Hooper,
2002g), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Tropical West
Africa (van Soest, 1993).
REMARKS: (1) The locality “off Salvador” was referred to as “off
Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction).
(2) This is probably a complex of sibling species rather
than a single cosmopolitan species (van Soest & Hooper,
2002g).
ORDER VERONGIDA BERGQUIST, 1978
Family Aplysinidae Carter, 1875
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 17
! Aiolochroia Wiedenmayer, 1977
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Dendrospongia crassa Hyatt, 1875: 401 (by
monotypy).
" Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875)
Dendrospongia crassa Hyatt, 1875: 401; Wilson, 1902: 409.
Aplysina crassa, Lendenfeld, 1889: 423 (in part).
Taxonomic List
Verongia crassa, de Laubenfels, 1948: 86 (in part).
Ianthella ianthella de Laubenfels, 1949: 7; Johnson, 1971:
106; Santos et al., 1999: 57.
Ianthella ardis de Laubenfels, 1950a: 31; Hechtel, 1976: 253;
Santos et al., 2002b: 398.
Pseudoceratina crassa, Bergquist & Hartman, 1969: 250;
Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Bergquist, 1980: 494;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 186; Zea, 1987: 63; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989: 1211; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 138;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Santos et
al., 2002b: 398.
Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 252
(synonyms after Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001).
Aiolochroia crassa, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 75; van Soest, 1978:
64; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 79; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 98; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Alcolado, 2002:
71; Bergquist & Cook, 2002c: 1084; Moraes et al., 2003:
17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes
et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Ferreira et al.,
2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim,
2007b: 44; Muricy et al., 2008: 123; Lira et al., 2010: 158.
Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 24 [non
Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)].
Aplysina janusi, Santos et al., 2002b: 398.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1887.7.11.39.
TYPE LOCALITY: Nassau.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed
(Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]). Off Abrolhos
(REVIZEE stations C2-16R, 18.023oS–37.365oW, 53 m
depth; C5-16R, 18.059oS–37.315oW, 100 m depth; Muricy
et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta.
C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.70oW, 40 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R,
13.646oS–38.742oW, 55 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]). Hotspur Seamount (REVIZEE stations C2-
14R, 17.797oS–35.881oW, 63 m depth; C5-14R, 17.800oS–
35.875oW, 60 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE sta. C5-4R, 14.808oS–38.917oW,
20 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Minerva
Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-10R, 17.098oS–36.752oW,
50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rodgers
Seamount (REVIZEE stations C2-11R, 17.066oS–
36.808oW, 50 m depth; C5-10R, 17.103oS–36.741oW, 50
m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,
1999 [checklist]; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology];
Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et
al., 2007 [pharmacology]). PARAÍBA STATE: Off Pitimbu
171
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
(Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-
Esnault, 1973 [description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian,
1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics];
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]). Recife (27-33 m depth, Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lira et
al., 2010 [faunistics]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–
34o39’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W,
51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]).
Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos
et al., 2002b [checklist]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m
depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves
& Omena, 2003 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et
al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim,
2007b [description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al.,
2006 [biogeography]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-
34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [checklist]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain
(REVIZEE stations C2-23R, 20.483oS–36.100oW, 60 m
depth; C2-24R, 20.351oS–36.637oW, 62 m depth; C2-
28R, 19.813oS–37.943oW, 54 m depth; C2-32R, 20.673oS–
37.710oW, 54 m depth; C2-44R, 20.857oS–33.643oW, 65
m depth; C2-45R, 20.951oS–34.006oW, 125 m depth; C2-
46R, 20.676oS–34.589oW, 108 m depth; C2-47R, 20.614oS–
34.894oW, 60 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704oS–35.704oW, 57.5
m depth; C5-23R, 20.487oS–36.103oW, 55 m depth; C5-
24R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth; C5-28R, 19.808oS–
37.939oW, 60 m depth; C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW,
65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality
not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]).
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,
22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[checklist]). Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (REVIZEE
sta. C5-36R, 21.500oS–40.300oW, 52 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados, Cuba, Curaçao, Puerto Rico,
U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.A. (Florida), Venezuela, Bahamas,
Belize, Bermuda, Panama, Bonaire, Colombia, Jamaica,
Dominican Republic (Wilson, 1902; de Laubenfels,
1950a; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Kobluk & van
Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1996, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado,
2002; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: The precise locality and depth of Hechtel’s (1976)
172
record were not indicated by the author, who stated only
“Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande
do Norte to Alagoas states. It was obtained through the
labels of the specimens YPM 5722, 5735, 9002, 9013 and
9015.
! Aplysina Nardo, 1834
For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c).
TYPE SPECIES: Aplysina aerophoba Schmidt, 1862 (by
subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948).
" Aplysina alcicornis Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007
Aplysina alcicornis Pinheiro et al., 2007: 29.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5473. Paratypes MNRJ 5472,
5474.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Abrolhos (12 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001
Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 133
[non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)].
Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 57; Lerner, 1996:
115 [non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)].
Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 145; Custódio et
al., 2002: 209; Saeki et al., 2002: 798; Mothes et al., 2003:
45; Berlinck et al., 2004: 517; Pinheiro et al., 2004b: 528;
Santos et al., 2004: 590; Lira et al., 2006: 1235; Mothes et
al., 2006c: 76; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 84; Pinheiro et al.,
2007: 3; Azevedo et al., 2008: 37; Lamarão et al., 2010:
846.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1988. Paratypes MNRJ 268,
578, 1673, 1675, 1989, 2013. Schizoholotype BMNH
1999.10.6.1.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São
Sebastião (2-11 m depth, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001
[original description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell
biology]; Saeki et al., 2002 [chemistry]; Berlinck et al.,
2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology];
Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Lira et al., 2006
[chemistry]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 2-11
m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão
et al., 2010 [genetics]). Ubatuba (2 m depth, Pinheiro
et al., 2007 [description]). South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed (Mothes et
al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (7 m
depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Azevedo et

al., 2008 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Mothes &
Lerner, 1994 [description]; Ilha da Galé, 6-12 m depth,
Lerner, 1996 [description]; 0.5-3.0 m depth, Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; 8-12 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). Porto Belo (Ilha João da Cunha, 0.5-3 m
depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1987 [description]; Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (Paulista
Biogeographic Province).
" Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Luffaria cauliformis Carter, 1882a: 268.
Verongia cauliformis, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.
Aplysina cauliformis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 68; van Soest, 1978:
62; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 182; Zea, 1987: 57; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert
& van Soest, 1998: 98; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216;
Alcolado, 2002: 71; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Diaz, 2005:
468; Rogers et al., 2005: 895; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 83;
Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Oliveira et al., 2006b: 438; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007c: 45; Muricy
et al., 2008: 116; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 8; Lamarão et al.,
2010: 846.
Verongia longissima sensu de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; de
Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21; Johnson,
1971: 105; Hechtel, 1965: 13; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos
et al., 1999: 57.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1939.3.24.76, 1939.3.24.2.
TYPE LOCALITIES: Antigua and Bahamas (Nassau).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed
(Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). Abrolhos
(Parcel das Paredes, 15 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]; Abrolhos Archipelago, 30 m depth,
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; 10 m depth, Pinheiro et
al., 2007 [description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta.
C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Off Porto Seguro (Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). Prado (Corumbau, 3 m depth; Pinheiro
et al., 2007 [description]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta.
C6-R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, Rogers
et al., 2005 [chemistry]; 12°57.7’S–38°31.1’W, Oliveira et
al., 2006b [pharmacology]). Santo Antonio Seamount,
60 m depth (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). CEARÁ
STATE: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels,
1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999
Taxonomic List
[checklist]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description];
Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Serinhaém (Ilha de Santo Aleixo, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes,
1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010
[genetics]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast
Region: STATE NOT INFORMED (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006
[description]). ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not
informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). Off
Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–40.025oW,
53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória
Trindade Seamounts Chain (Vitória Bank, 80 m depth;
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Dogaresa Seamount,
29o44’28”S–31o50’03”W, 65 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality
not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]).
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2,
22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006
[faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]; 100 m
depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas,
Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Belize,
Panama, Bonaire, Colombia, Venezuela (de Laubenfels,
1953; Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest,
1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989;
Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado,
2002; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: The precise localities of the collection sites in Brazil
(Abrolhos Archipelago, Santo Antonio Seamount, Vitória
Seamount) were not indicated by Hechtel (1976). They
were obtained through the labels of specimens YPM
8953, 8955, 8965 and 8992 (as Verongia longissima).
(2) Pinheiro et al. (2007) erroneously stated that the
Almirante Saldanha Seamount is in Espírito Santo State.
" Aplysina cristagallus Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio,
2007
Aplysina cristagallus Pinheiro et al., 2007: 30.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3528.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Prado (Corumbau
district).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Prado
(Corumbau, 8 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766)
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Spongia fistularis Pallas, 1766: 385.
Aplysina fistularis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 422; Topsent, 1932:
71; van Soest, 1978: 55; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211;
Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Alcolado,
2002: 71; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Bezerra & Coelho,
2006: 701; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Pinheiro et al., 2007:
10; Muricy et al., 2008: 117; Gandolfi et al., 2010: 1854;
Lamarão et al., 2010: 846; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Silva et
al., 2010: 889 (non Aplysina fistularis sensu Muricy, 1989:
351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187 [= A. fulva]).
Verongia fistularis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 17; de Laubenfels,
1953: 515; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 21; Hechtel, 1965: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos
et al., 1999: 57.
Verongia fistularis f. fistularis, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.
Aplysina fistularis forma fistularis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 598 (Pinheiro et
al., 2007).
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico (Pinheiro et al., 2007).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos Archipelago
(10 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; 15 m depth,
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010
[genetics]). Prado (Corumbau; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Gandolfi
et al., 2010 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]). CEARÁ
STATE: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956
[faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel,
1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]).
Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da
Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al.,
2007 [pharmacology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife
(Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b
[checklist]). Off Recife (20 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), U.S.A.
(Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965;
Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Bermuda (de Laubenfels,
1950a), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler
et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba
(Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico, Cozumel, Colombia (San
Andres), Turks & Caicos, Curaçao (cf. Pinheiro et al.,
2007).
REMARKS: (1) The precise localities of the collection sites
in Pernambuco (Recife) and Bahia States (Abrolhos
Archipelago) were not indicated by Hechtel (1976); they
174
were obtained through the labels of specimens YPM
8990 and 8999. (2) It is uncertain if the record of Pallas
is from Brazil or elsewhere in the West Atlantic, as he
only mentioned “Mare Americanum”. However, as the
neotype was designated from Puerto Rico (Pinheiro et
al., 2007), we assume it was collected in the Caribbean.
" Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)
Spongia fulva Pallas, 1766: 383.
Verongia fulva, de Laubenfels, 1936: 22; Johnson, 1971: 105;
Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et
al., 1999: 57.
Verongia fistularis f. fulva, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309.
Aplysina fistularis fulva, van Soest, 1978: 57; Santos et al.,
1999: 56 (non Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes de
Moraes, 1987: 133 [= Aplysina caissara]).
Aplysina fistularis forma fulva, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 66; Solé-
Cava et al., 1981: 134.
Verongia sp. samples I-III, Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979:
634 (cf. Kelecom, 1997: 326).
Aplysina fistularis, Muricy, 1989: 351 [non Aplysina fistularis
(Pallas, 1766)].
Aplysina fulva, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 185; Zea, 1987: 54;
Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Muricy et al., 1991:
1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Mothes & Bastian, 1993:
24; Secchin, 1995: 77; Zierer et al., 1995: 234; Lôbo-
Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Santos
et al., 1999: 56; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Pereira et al.,
2002: 312; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 149; Santos et al.,
2002b: 398; Berlinck et al., 2004: 517; Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
2004: 415; Pinheiro et al., 2004b: 528; Santos et al., 2004:
590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 468; Aiub et
al., 2006: 34; Batista et al., 2006: 142; Moraes et al., 2006:
166; Mothes et al., 2006a: 669; Muricy et al., 2006: 145;
Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 83; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007d: 46;
Pinheiro et al., 2007: 14; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Muricy
et al., 2008: 118; Nuñez et al., 2008: 284; Hardoim et
al., 2009: 3332; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Amaral et al.,
2010: 27; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846; Lira et al., 2010: 158;
Silva et al., 2010: 889 (non Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes
& Bastian, 1993: 24 [= Aiolochroia crassa]; non Aplysina
fulva sensu Lerner, 1996: 115; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 57
[= Aplysina caissara]).
Aplysina aff. cauliformis, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 154 (cf.
Pinheiro et al., 2007).
Aplysina sp., Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 7975 (Pinheiro et al., 2007).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos
Búzios (Pinheiro et al., 2007).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED

(AMAPÁ or PARÁ (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]).
AMAPÁ STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Off the mouth of the Amazon
River (02°34’02”N–47°54’05”W, 78 m depth; Mothes et
al., 2006a [description]). Northeast Region: ALAGOAS
STATE: Maceió (Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).
Marechal Deodoro (1 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed
(Muricy & Heim, 2007d [description]). Abrolhos
(Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]; Parcel das
Paredes, 10 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description];
Abrolhos Archipelago, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics];
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Itacaré (Pinheiro &
Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 15 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]). Itaparica (Coroa de Pedra, Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 2-4 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]). Nova Viçosa (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001
[description]). Off Prado (Corumbau District; Calypso
sta. 76, 16o47’S–38o53’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault,
1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]).
Prado (Corumbau, 1-22 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, Berlinck
et al., 2004 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Silva
et al., 2010 [chemistry]). Off Trancoso (REVIZEE sta.
C-72, 16o34’01.55”S–38o46’18.20”W, Pinheiro & Hajdu,
2001 [description]). Valença (Morro de São Paulo, 13
m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão
et al., 2010 [genetics]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 66,
13o28’S–38o50’W, 37 m depth; Calypso sta. 67, 13o28’S–
38o48’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). CEARÁ STATE: Off Beberibe (REVIZEE
NE sta. 208, 3o54.5172’S–37o38.0082’W, 43.5 m depth;
sta. 210, 3o50.5598’S–37o37.6930’W, 166 m depth;
Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]). Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et
al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).
Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al.,
1999 [checklist]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park,
20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology];
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes
& Bastian, 1993 [description]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001
[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes
et al., 2006 [biogeography]; 12 m depth, Pinheiro et al.,
2007 [description]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 22, 8o15’S–
34o42’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W,
75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description];
Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001
[description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Amaral
Taxonomic List
et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]).
Serinhaém (Ilha de Santo Aleixo, Pinheiro & Hajdu,
2001 [description]). Tamandaré (Pinheiro & Hajdu,
2001 [description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE
sta. 213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth; sta.
215, 4o38.4941’S–36o42.9565’W, 77.5 m depth; Santos
et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Urca do Tubarão, Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO (Moraes et al., 2006
[biogeography]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007d
[description]). Guarapari (Kelecom & Kannengiesser,
1979 [chemistry]; 20o36’S–40o23’W, Solé-Cava et al.,
1981 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]).
Off Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–
40.025oW, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy
& Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Muricy & Heim, 2007d
[description]). Almirante Saldanha Seamount
(REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth,
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]). Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande; Secchin, 1995
[faunistics]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology]; Vilanova
et al., 2004 [ecology]; 2-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Lamarão
et al., 2010 [genetics]). Armação dos Búzios (Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 2-7 m depth, Aiub et al.,
2006 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description];
Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]; Hardoim et al., 2009
[microbiology]; Vilanova et al., 2009 [biochemistry];
Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Arraial do Cabo
(Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology];
Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva,
1999 [checklist]; Pereira et al., 2002 [chemical ecology];
Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Berlinck et al.,
2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology];
Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; 2-10 m depth,
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008
[chemistry]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Cabo Frio
(Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]). SÃO
PAULO STATE: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu,
2006 [description]). Ilhabela (6-8 m depth, Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). São Sebastião (0.5-8 m depth; Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b
[cytology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Pinheiro
et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry];
Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Bahamas, U.S.A. (Florida),
175
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Cuba, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Barbados, Belize,
Curaçao, Bonaire, Panama (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van
Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk &
van Soest, 1989; Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: It is uncertain if the record of Pallas is from Brazil or
elsewhere in the Western Atlantic, as he only mentioned
“Mare Americanum” (American Seas). However, as
the neotype was designated from Rio de Janeiro State
(Pinheiro et al., 2007), we assumed it was collected in the
SW Atlantic along the Brazilian coast.
" Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Luffaria insularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 64.
Aplysina fistularis forma fistularis sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977:
64 (in part, only specimen B877; non A. fistularis (Pallas,
1766); cf. Pinheiro et al., 2007).
Aplysina fistularis insularis, van Soest, 1978: 56.
Aplysina insularis, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 184; Pinheiro et al.,
2007: 21 (non A. insularis sensu Zea, 1987).
Aplysina insulares, Diaz, 2005: 468 (misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1475.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos (Parcel das Paredes,
15 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Salvador
(Todos os Santos Bay, 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico,
U.S.A. (Florida), Jamaica, Saba Bank, Bonaire, Panama
(Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978;
Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Diaz, 2005).
" Aplysina lactuca Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007
Aplysina lactuca Pinheiro et al., 2007: 33; Muricy et al., 2008:
120.
Aplysina cf. lactuca, Silva et al., 2010: 889.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5477. Paratypes MNRJ 5276,
5278.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos (Abrolhos
Archipelago).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(Abrolhos Archipelago, 10 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[original description]). Prado (Corumbau, 5 m depth;
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Salvador
(Todos os Santos Bay; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]).
CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (Parque Estadual da Pedra da
Risca do Meio, 22 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original
description]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
176
Spongia lacunosa Lamarck, 1814: 434.
?Verongia tenuissima, Poléjaeff, 1884: 71.
Verongia lacunosa, de Laubenfels, 1953: 515.
Verongia sp. a sensu Hechtel, 1976: 239; Hechtel, 1983: 59.
Aplysina lacunosa, Topsent, 1932: 70; Wiedenmayer, 1977:
67; van Soest, 1978: 61; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 182; Zea,
1987: 59; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest,
1998: 98; Rocha et al., 2000: 455; Alcolado, 2002: 71;
Johnsson, 2002: 252; Diaz, 2005: 468; Muricy et al., 2006:
145; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354;
Muricy & Heim, 2007e: 47; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 25;
Muricy et al., 2008: 121.
Aplysina archeri sensu Lendenfeld, 1889: 413; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007: 354 [non Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)].
Verongia fistularis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 256 [non Aplysina
fistularis (Pallas, 1766); non Verongia fistularis sensu
Hechtel, 1976: 252].
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MNHN unregistered
(Wiedenmayer, 1977; Pinheiro et al., 2007).
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (cf. Topsent, 1932).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Maragogi (Barra Grande, 730 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884
[description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). BAHIA STATE: Locality not
informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007e [description]).
Abrolhos (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; California
Reefs, Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Off Abrolhos
(REVIZEE stations C2-16R, 18.023oS–37.365oW, 53 m
depth; C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.170oW, 40 m depth; C5-
16R, 18.059oS–37.315oW, 100 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Off Canavieiras (REVIZEE sta.
C5-5R, 15.568oS–38.830oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]). Hotspur Seamount (REVIZEE
stations C2-15R, 18.023oS–35.891oW, 60 m depth; C5-
14R, 17.800oS–35.875oW, 60 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE
sta. C2-10R, 17.098oS–36.752oW, 50 m depth; Muricy
et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Porto Seguro (50 m depth,
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Prado (Corumbau,
2 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Rodgers
Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-10R, 17.103oS–36.741oW,
50 m depth, Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; 40-50 m
depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). CEARÁ STATE:
Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]). Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State
Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]).
PARAÍBA STATE: Locality not informed (Rocha et al., 2000
[ecology]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (Hechtel, 1976
[zoogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Locality
not informed (Rocha et al., 2000 [ecology]). Potiguar
Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]. Southeast

Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not informed
(Muricy & Heim, 2007e [description]). Off Guarapari
(REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–40.025oW, 53.5 m depth;
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Itaúnas (REVIZEE
sta. C2-18R, 18.594oS–37.913oW, 65 m depth; Muricy
et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta.
C6-A1, 19.732oS–38.365oW, 72.3 m depth; Muricy et
al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-
34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain
(REVIZEE stations C2-22R, 20.511oS–35.838oW, 59 m
depth; C2-29R, 19.800oS–37.773oW, 58 m depth; C5-21R,
20.704oS–35.704oW, 57.5 m depth; C5-28R, 19.808oS–
37.939oW, 60 m depth; C5-45R, 20.678oS–34.584oW, 108
m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007 [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Curaçao,
Panama, Colombia, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1953;
Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986;
Zea, 1987; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert &
van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005).
REMARKS: (1) The record of Poléjaeff (1884, as Verongia
tenuissima) was from “off Barra Grande”, a beach in
Maragogi, Alagoas State. (2) The precise localities of
the records of Hechtel (1976) from Recife and Abrolhos
were not stated by him; they were inferred from the
labels of specimens YPM IZ 8990 and 8999, respectively.
(3) Pinheiro & Hajdu (2001) synonymized with some
hesitation the Brazilian records of Aplysina archeri to A.
lacunosa.
" Aplysina lingua Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007
Aplysina lingua Pinheiro et al., 2007: 35.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5476. Paratype MNRJ 5469.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(Parcel das Paredes, 10-18 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007
Aplysina sp., Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003:
124.
Aplysina sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 166.
Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro et al., 2007: 36; Ferreira et al.,
2007: 314; Moraes, 2009: 359; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6196. Paratypes MNRJ 2139,
2168, 2173 (Fig. 15E), 6195, 6197-6205, 6364, 6663.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas.
Taxonomic List
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza
(Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira
et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas (3-15 m depth; Moraes et al.,
2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography];
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Moraes, 2009
[ecology]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina orthoreticulata Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio,
2007
Aplysina orthoreticulata Pinheiro et al., 2007: 39.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4651.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Belmonte
(16o07’30”S–38o10’52”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte (16o07’30”S–38o10’52”W, 40 m depth,
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina pergamentacea Hechtel, 1983
Verongia sp. b., Hechtel, 1976: 253.
Aplysina pergamentacea Hechtel, 1983: 61; Santos et al.,
2002b: 398.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9004 (Fig. 15F). Paratype
YPM 9005.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife (5 m depth, Hechtel, 1983 [original description];
Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: Pinheiro et al. (2007) considered with hesitation
this species as valid and suggested that it could be a
morphotype of Aplysina fulva.
" Aplysina pseudolacunosa Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio,
2007
Aplysina pseudolacunosa Pinheiro et al., 2007: 41.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5478. Paratypes MNRJ 4581,
4665, 5461.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos
(18 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]).
Off Boipeba (55 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original
description]). Off Canavieiras (15o34.08’S–038o49.81’W,
20 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]).
Royal Charlotte Seamount (40 m depth, Pinheiro et
al., 2007 [original description]). CEARÁ STATE: Canoa
Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original
description]). PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife (20 m depth,
177
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Vitória (50 m depth,
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (108 m depth, Pinheiro et
al., 2007 [original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Aplysina solangeae Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007
Aplysina sp., Kossuga et al., 2007: 44.
Aplysina solangeae Pinheiro et al., 2007: 44; Ferreira et al.,
2007: 314; Silva et al., 2010: 889.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4173 (Fig. 15G). Paratype
MNRJ 2578.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador
(Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro
et al., 2007 [original description]; Silva et al., 2010
[chemistry]). CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza (22 m depth,
Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Pedra da
Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al.,
2007 [pharmacology]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
! Verongula Verrill, 1907
TYPE SPECIES: Aplysina praetexta Hyatt, 1875 (by subsequent
designation; de Laubenfels, 1936).
" Verongula gigantea (Hyatt, 1875)
Aplysina gigantea Hyatt, 1875: 405.
Aplysina praetexta Hyatt, 1875: 405.
Aplysina compressa Carter, 1882a: 270.
Verongula gigantea, Verrill, 1907: 332; Wiedenmayer, 1977:
76; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 185; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998:
98; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Granato et al., 2005: 193; Moraes
et al., 2006: 169; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Hajdu & Costa,
2007a: 48; Ehrlich et al., 2010: 1463.
Fasciospongia compressa Alcolado, 1976: 3.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MCZ 7004, 7031.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Nassau.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: STATE NOT INFORMED (Berlinck et
al., 2004 [chemistry]). Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Locality not informed (Hajdu & Costa, 2007a
[description]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-
12R, 17.042oS–37.608oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C6-
R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Locality not informed (Granato et al., 2005
[chemistry]; Hajdu & Costa, 2007a [description]). Off
Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849oS–40.167oW, 75 m
depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Trindade Island
178
(Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; REVIZEE sta. C5-
49R, 20.519oS–29.351oW, 57 m depth; Muricy et al.,
2006 [faunistics]; Ehrlich et al., 2010 [biochemistry]).
Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW,
50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE stations C2-33R,
20.584oS–38.082oW, 55 m depth; C2-44R, 20.857oS–
33.643oW, 65 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704oS–35.704oW, 57.5
m depth; C5-23R, 20.487oS–36.103oW, 55 m depth; C5-
24R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth; C5-33R, 20.573oS–
38.059oW, 55 m depth; C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65
m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Hyatt, 1875; Wiedenmayer,
1977), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba
(Alcolado, 1976, 2002), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-
Finali, 1986).
CLASS HEXACTINELLIDA SCHMIDT, 1870
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002a).
SUBCLASS AMPHIDISCOPHORA SCHULZE, 1886
ORDER AMPHIDISCOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1924
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002b).
Family Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3
! Hyalonema Gray, 1832
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Hyalonema sieboldi Gray, 1835 (by monotypy).
# Hyalonema (Coscinonema) Ijima, 1927
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Hyalonema (Coscinonema) kirkpatricki Ijima,
1927 (by original designation).
" Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti Schulze, 1899
Hyalonema schmidti Schulze, 1899: 6; Mello-Leitão et al.,
1961: 4; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti, Tabachnick et al., 2009:
1243.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes USNM 7561, 7562.
TYPE LOCALITY: West of Montserrat (16o54’N–63o12’W) and
BRAZIL: CEARÁ STATE: Off Fortaleza.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Off
Fortaleza (3o22’S–37o49’W, 763 m depth; Schulze,
1899 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
[checklist]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Montserrat (Schulze,
1899).

# Hyalonema (Cyliconema) Ijima, 1927
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Hyalonema (Cyliconema) apertum Schulze, 1886
(by original designation).
" Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick,
Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009
Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick et al., 2009:
1244.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 10093. Paratypes MNRJ
3342, MNHN.H.CL 1500 (KT fr387).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Campos Basin
(22o20’58.676”S–39o59’17.914”W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Valença (13o22.173’S–038o36.566’W, 750 m depth;
Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]). Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain (20o26.39’S–36o41.66’W, 750 m
depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]).
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Campos Basin (22o20’58.676”S–
39o59’17.914”W, 850 m depth (Tabachnick et al., 2009
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection sites off Valença
and in Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain were
deduced from those originally published (13o22’173”S–
38o36’566”W and 20o26’39”S–36o41’66”W, respectively;
Tabachnick et al., 2009), which are obviously wrong.
# Hyalonema (Prionema) Lendenfeld, 1915
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Hyalonema (Prionema) agujanum Lendenfeld,
1915 (by subsequent designation; Ijima, 1927).
" Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei Tabachnick,
Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009
Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei Tabachnick et al., 2009:
1245.
TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype MNHN.H.CL 1507 (KT fr335).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (18o58’S–37o49’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (18o58’S–37 o49’W,
600-637 m depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
Taxonomic List
! Pheronema Leidy, 1868
For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002b).
TYPE SPECIES: Pheronema annae Leidy, 1868 (by monotypy).
" Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
Holtenia carpenteri Thomson, 1869: 120; du Bocage, 1871:
69.
Pheronema grayi Kent, 1870: 182; Topsent, 1892a: 29;
Topsent, 1904b: 29; Arnesen, 1920: 12; Vacelet, 1960: 259;
Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 19.
Pheronema carpenteri, Kent, 1870: 243; Gray, 1870: 310;
Marshall, 1876: 130; Schulze, 1886: 64; Schulze, 1887:
241; Schulze, 1893: 532; Schulze, 1904: 50; Burton, 1928b:
14; Burton, 1954: 217; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007: 355.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1890.4.10.20. Paralectotype
BMNH 1890.4.10.19.
TYPE LOCALITY: Faroe Islands, off NW Scotland.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Maceió (10º11’S–35º22’W, 2928 m depth; Schulze, 1887
[description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indian Ocean (Schulze, 1904), NW
of Scotland (Thomson, 1869), Ireland, Portugal (du
Bocage, 1871; Kent, 1870), Azores (Topsent, 1892a), N
Africa, Canary Islands (Arnesen, 1920), Mediterranean
(Vacelet, 1960), Alboran Sea, Ibero-Moroccan Gulf
(Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b).
REMARKS: Reiswig & Champagne (1995) suggested that the
Brazilian fragments should be referred to as Pheronema
sp., pending their careful re-examination for more
informed placement. According to Tabachnick (2002b)
the specimens of P. carpenteri collected off Brazil and
described by Schulze (1887) may be a new species, but
they still wait for revision.
SUBCLASS HEXASTEROPHORA SCHULZE, 1886
ORDER HEXACTINOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1903
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002c).
Family Aphrocallistidae Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002d).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3
(1 RECENT + 2 FOSSIL)
! Aphrocallistes Gray, 1858
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002d).
TYPE SPECIES: Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858 (by monotypy).
" Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858
179
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858: 114; Arnesen, 1920: 10;
Ijima, 1927: 286; Schulze, 1887: 305; Burton, 1954: 218;
Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 28; Reiswig, 2002d: 1283;
Lopes et al., 2005: 45; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Lopes,
2007a: 49.
Iphiteon beatrix, Bowerbank, 1869: 75.
Aphrocallistes bocagei Wright, 1870: 4.
Aphrocallistes ramosus Schulze, 1886: 75; Schulze, 1887: 319.
Aphrocallistes beatrix orientalis Ijima, 1916: 173.
Aphrocallistes jejuensis Sim & Kim, 1988: 29.
TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype BMNH 1842.11.30.12.
TYPE LOCALITY: India: Malacca.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Linhares (19º50’S–38º20’W to 20º04’S–38º27’W,
659-675m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-20F, 19.296ºS–
37.954ºW, 500 m depth; Lopes et al., 2005 [description];
Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007
[checklist]; Lopes, 2007a [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Off Mangaratiba (REVIZEE Central, RJ II cruise,
sta. 9, 24.365ºS–43.602ºW, 640 m depth; Lopes et al.,
2005 [description]; Lopes, 2007a [description]; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic (Topsent, 1892a), Ibero-
Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b), Caribbean
(Schmidt, 1880), NW Pacific (Schulze, 1887), Indonesia
(Ijima, 1916), India (Gray, 1858; Reiswig, 2002d).
REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2006) erroneously stated that
Aphrocallistes beatrix was collected in REVIZEE sta.
C2-37F (Almirante Saldanha Seamount; cf. Lopes et al.,
2005; Lopes, 2007a; Vieira et al., 2010).
†FOSSIL APHROCALLISTIDAE
" †Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier & Termier in Ott
d’Estevou et al., 1981
Aphrocallistes sp., Ott d’Estevou & Termier, 1978: 316.
Lefroyella sp., Ott d’Estevou & Termier, 1978: 316.
Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier & Termier in Ott d’Estevou et
al., 1981: 64; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 427; Ferreira &
Fernandes, 1997: 23.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (not informed).
TYPE LOCALITY: Sorbas, Spain (Tortonian period).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: São João de
Pirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira &
Fernandes, 1997 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain, Miocene (Ott d’Estevou et al.,
1981; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986).
" †Aphrocallistes lobata (Pomel, 1872)
Badinskia lobata Pomel, 1872: 85.
Aphrocallistes lobata, Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 427; Ferreira
180
& Fernandes, 1997: 23.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: SE Spain (Tortonian period).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: São João de
Pirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira &
Fernandes, 1997 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain, Miocene (Pomel, 1872; Brimaud &
Vachard, 1986).
Family Dactylocalycidae Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002e).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Dactylocalyx Stutchbury, 1841
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002e).
TYPE SPECIES: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841 (by
monotypy).
" Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841
Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841: 87; Gray, 1867a:
506; Carter, 1873a: 357; Sollas, 1879: 123; Schulze, 1887:
348; Reid, 1957: 821; Mothes de Moraes, 1977: 42; van
Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 10; Alcolado, 2002: 55; Reiswig,
2002e: 1296; Mothes et al., 2003: 63; Lopes et al., 2005:
50; Mothes et al., 2006c: 58; Muricy et al., 2006: 145;
Lopes, 2007b: 50; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira et
al., 2010: 21.
Dactylocalyx ingalli Bowerbank, 1869: 78.
Dactylocalyx pumiceus stutchburyi Sollas, 1879: 131.
Dactylocalyx subglobosus, Schmidt, 1880: 53; Schulze, 1887:
349 (non Dactylocalyx subglobosus Gray, 1867a).
Diplacodium mixtum Schmidt, 1880: 57.
TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype BMNH 1867.2.19.1 (dry).
TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-37F,
22.376ºS–37.659ºW, 552 m depth, Lopes et al., 2005
[description]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Lopes,
2007b [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Mostardas (31º14’S–49º35’W, 165-188 m depth; Mothes
de Moraes, 1977 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off
Tramandaí (30º25’S–48º48’W, 30o15’S–48o32’W, 165-
188 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1977 [description];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988;
Reiswig, 2002e), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002).
REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2006) erroneously stated that
Dactylocalyx pumiceus was collected in REVIZEE sta.

C2-20F (off Linhares, Espírito Santo State) instead of
C2-37F (Almirante Saldanha Seamount, Rio de Janeiro
State; cf. Lopes et al., 2005; Lopes, 2007b; Vieira et al.,
2010).
Family Euretidae Zittel, 1877
For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
Subfamily Euretinae Zittel, 1877
For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).
! Eurete Semper, 1868
For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Eurete simplicissima Semper, 1868 (by
monotypy).
" Eurete atlantica Lopes, Hajdu & Reiswig, 2007
Eurete atlantica Lopes et al., 2007: 244; Lopes, 2010a: 60.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7330A (Fig. 15H).
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Campos Basin.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W,
end 22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W), 1128-1135 m depth
(Lopes et al., 2007 [original description]; Lopes, 2010a
[description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
Subfamily Chonelasmatinae Schrammen, 1912
For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).
! Chonelasma Schulze, 1886
For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002).
TYPE SPECIES: Chonelasma lamella Schulze, 1886 (by subsequent
designation; Ijima, 1927).
" Chonelasma choanoides Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910
Chonelasma lamella Schulze, 1886: 76 (in part); Schulze,
1887: 321 (in part); Barthel & Tendal, 1994: 61 (in part).
Chonelasma sp., Schulze, 1887: 326.
Chonelasma lamella choanoides Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910:
302; Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1911: 48.
Hexactinella grimaldii Burton, 1928b: 16 (in part).
Chonelasma choanoides, Reid, 1963: 226; Reid, 1964: 99;
Reiswig & Mehl, 1994: 156; Janussen et al., 2004: 1860;
Lopes et al., 2007: 246; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008: 26;
Lopes, 2010b: 58.
Chonelasma aff. choanoides sensu Muricy et al., 2006: 132.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Paralectotypes BMNH 1910.10.28.45,
Taxonomic List
1910.10.28.46, 1910.10.28.48, ZMH S-2938 (2 specimens,
labeled “co-types”).
TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica (off Wilhelm II Land).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed (Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]).
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Campos
Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end 22º21.936’S–
39º53.602’W; start 22º16.304’S–39º53.360’W,
end 22º13.124’S–39º52.223’W; start 22º24.419’S–
39º55.556’W, end 22º21.438’S–39º53.559’W; start
22º23.943’S–39º54.679’W, end 22º20.922’S–
39º52.915’W, 1059-1152 m depth; Lopes et al., 2007
[description]; Lopes, 2010b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antarctic (Barthel & Tendal, 1994;
Janussen et al., 2004), North Atlantic (Burton, 1928;
Tabachnick & Collins, 2008), Southwestern Atlantic,
Caribbean and South Indian Ocean (Schulze, 1886,
1887).
Family Farreidae Gray, 1872a
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002f).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! Farrea Bowerbank, 1862
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002f).
TYPE SPECIES: Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862b (by monotypy).
" Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862
Euplectella cucumer Owen, 1857 (in part): pl. 21, figs 9–9a;
Bowerbank, 1862a: pl. 32, fig. 7 (non Bowerbank, 1862a,
pl. 28, fig. 11).
Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862b: 1118; Carter, 1873a: 445;
Carter, 1885e: 388; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 27;
Reiswig, 2002f: 1337; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010a: 62.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1466.
TYPE LOCALITY: Comoro (SW Indian Ocean).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end
22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W, 1128-1135 m depth; Lopes &
Hajdu, 2010a [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan, with records in the NE
Atlantic (e.g. Kent, 1870; Burton 1954; Boury-Esnault,
1994b), Caribbean, W Pacific (Schulze, 1887), Southwest
Indian Ocean (Bowerbank, 1862b; Reiswig, 2002f), and
NE Pacific (Reiswig & Mehl, 1991).
REMARKS: The species currently contains nine subspecies in
addition to the typical form (Reiswig, 2002f). The body
form of the Brazilian specimens (although fragmented)
is the tube branching pattern of the typical form, F. occa
occa.
181
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
ORDER LYCHNISCOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1902
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002g).
†FOSSIL LYCHNISCOSIDA
†Family Becksiidae Schrammen, 1912
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1
! †Manzonia Giattini, 1910
TYPE SPECIES: Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910 (by subsequent
designation; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986).
" †Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910
Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910: 59; Moret, 1924: 20;
Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 428.
Manzonia aprudina, Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997: 23
(misspelling).
TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (not informed).
TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Rocca Morice (Langhian-Serravallian).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: PARÁ STATE: São João de
Pirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira &
Fernandes, 1997 [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain (Middle Oligocene), Italy (Miocene;
Brimaud & Vachard, 1986; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997).
ORDER LYSSACINOSIDA ZITTEL, 1877
For synonyms see Reiswig (2002h).
Family Euplectellidae Gray, 1867a
For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2
Subfamily Bolosominae Tabachnick, 2002a
For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).
! Saccocalyx Schulze, 1895
For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Saccocalyx pedunculatus Schulze, 1895 (by
monotypy).
" Saccocalyx pedunculatus Schulze, 1895
Saccocalyx pedunculata Schulze, 1895: 53; Tabachnick & Lévi,
2004: 37; Lopes, 2010c: 68.
?Nubicaulus careyi Reiswig, 1999: 503.
Saccocalyx pedunculatus, Tabachnik, 2002a: 1409.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1908.09.24.017. Paratype
BMNH 1907.08.01.013.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bay of Bengal (N Indian Ocean).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Campos Basin (start 22°30.727’S–40°00.942’W, end
182
22°28.725’S–39°58.610’W, 1107-1141 m depth; Lopes,
2010c).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Central North Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific
and Antarctica (Tabachnick, 2002a).
Subfamily Euplectellinae Schulze, 1886
For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).
! Euplectella Owen, 1841
For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a).
TYPE SPECIES: Euplectella aspergillum Owen, 1841 (by
monotypy).
" Euplectella suberea Thomson, 1877
Euplectella suberea Thomson, 1877: 138; Milne-Edwards,
1881: 871; Schulze, 1886: 37; Schulze, 1887: 73; Topsent,
1892a: 24; Schulze, 1904: 9; Topsent, 1904b: 38; Topsent,
1928: 72; Arnesen, 1932: 5; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4;
Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 31; Santos et al., 2002b: 399;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008:
29; Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1248; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010b:
66.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.10.20.013,
1887.10.20.014.
TYPE LOCALITY: Spain: Gibraltar Strait.
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Off
Maceió (10º11’S–35º22’W, 2928 m depth; Schulze, 1886
[faunistics]; Schulze, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão
et al., 1961 [checklist]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist];
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain (19o00’S–39o47’W, 790-900 m depth; Tabachnick
et al., 2009 [description]). RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Campos Basin (start 21o48.839’S–39o48.112’W, end
21o45.433’S–39o48.857’W, 1598-1620 m depth; Lopes &
Hajdu, 2010b [description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Azores (Topsent, 1892a, 1904b, 1928),
Mediterranean (Milne-Edwards, 1881), Morocco
(Topsent, 1928), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault,
1994b).
REMARKS: The locality of collection in Alagoas State was
reported erroneously by Mello-Leitão et al. (1961),
Santos et al. (2002b) and Hajdu & Lopes (2007) as being
in Pernambuco State.
Family Rossellidae Schulze, 1885
For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002b).
TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2
Subfamily Lanuginellinae Schulze, 1897

For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002b).
! Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887
For synonyms see Menshenina et al. (2007).
TYPE SPECIES: Rossella philippinensis Gray, 1872b (by
monotypy).
" Lophocalyx brasiliensis Menshenina, Tabachnick,
Lopes & Hajdu, 2007
Lophocalyx sp. n., Tabachnick, 2002b: 1500.
Lophocalyx sp. nov. 1, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
Lophocalyx brasiliensis Menshenina et al., 2007: 459;
Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1243.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.H.CL 598. Paratypes
MNHN.H.CL 599-605.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain (23o46’S–42o09’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Taxonomic List
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (23o46’S–42o09’W,
597–610 m depth; Menshenina et al., 2007 [original
description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
" Lophocalyx reiswigi Menshenina, Tabachnick, Lopes
& Hajdu, 2007
Lophocalyx sp. nov. 2, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355.
Lophocalyx reiswigi Menshenina et al., 2007: 460.
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3339C. Paratypes MNRJ
3339A, 3339B, 3339D, 3339E, 3339G, 3339i.
TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZIL: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador
(13º17.580’S–38º17.599’W).
BRAZILIAN RECORDS: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador (13o17.580’S–
38º17.599’W, 1717 m depth; Menshenina et al., 2007
[original description]).
WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil.
183
 III. RECORDS IDENTIFIED ONLY TO GENUS LEVEL OR HIGHER
This list includes all records published as affinis (“aff.”),
confer (“cf.”) and species (“sp.”). As these records were
not identified to species, we have separated them and
used a simpler format with less information than in the
main list of valid species. The records below represent
a large element of uncertainty about the composition
of the Brazilian sponge fauna, and indicate the need of
more detailed taxonomic studies. In the few cases in
which the records were posteriorly identified to species,
the currently accepted identification is included within
brackets [= Genus species].
A Aiolochroia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador,
Aaptos aff. aaptos: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Bombinhas. (Mothes & Lerner, 1994)
Aaptos sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos,
off Boipeba, Salvador. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Guarapari, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela, São Sebastião.
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not
informed. (Granato et al., 2000; Rangel et al., 2001;
Coutinho et al., 2002; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006;
Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006;
Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
Acanthanchora sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. (Andréa et al., 2007)
Acanthella sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED (BAHIA, ESPÍRITO
SANTO or RIO DE JANEIRO). Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et
al., 2007)
Acanthotetilla sp. [= Acanthotetilla rocasensis]:
Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Acarnus sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Itaúnas. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Acervochalina sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed. (Dresch et al., 2005; Andréa
et al., 2007)
Adocia sp. [= Haliclona sp.]: Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Maggs et al.,
1979)
Adocia sp. [= Rhizochalina nodulosa; cf. Hechtel, 1983]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
(Hechtel, 1976)
184
Agelas sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos,
off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Salvador,
off Trancoso. CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza. PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Guarapari, off Linhares,
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. South Region:
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed.
(Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999; Muricy et al.,
2006; Silva et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Laport et al.,
2009)
off Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.
(Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Amorphinopsis sp. [= Amorphinopsis atlantica; cf.
Carvalho et al., 2004]: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Rangel et
al., 2001)
Amorphinopsis sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED.
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba Bay. (Prado et al.,
2004; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010)
Amphilectus sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Off Macaé. South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et
al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2006)
Amphimedon aff. complanata: Northeast Region:
ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió. (Cedro et al., 2007)
Amphimedon aff. compressa [= Amphimedon
compressa]: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas, Potiguar Basin.
(Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008)
Amphimedon sp. [= Pachychalina alcaloidifera; cf.
Pinheiro et al., 2005]: Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Niterói. SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela.
(Rangel et al., 2001)
Amphimedon sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Locality not informed, Salvador. CEARÁ STATE:
Trairí. MARANHÃO STATE: São Luís. PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:
STATE NOT INFORMED. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial
do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Jimenez
et al., 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Hajdu & Costa,

2007a; Rodrigues et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007;
Farrapeira, 2010)
Amphimedon sp. [= Amphimedon compressa]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago, Tamandaré. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;
Santos et al., 2002b)
Amphoriscus sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy
& Silva, 1999)
Ancorinidae [family, genus undetermined]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
(Santos et al., 2002a; Muricy et al., 2006)
Aphrocallistes aff. beatrix: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
(Tabachnick et al., 2009)
Aplysilla sp.: Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED.
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001;
Prado et al., 2004)
Aplysina aff. cauliformis: Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Off Boipeba, off Salvador. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Aplysina aff. cauliformis [= Aplysina fulva]: Southeast
Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Pinheiro
& Hajdu, 2001)
Aplysina cf. fulva: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Canavieiras. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Off São Francisco de
Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007)
Aplysina cf. lactuca [= Aplysina lactuca]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. (Silva et al., 2010)
Aplysina sp. [= Aplysina muricyana]: Northeast Region:
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas.
(Moraes et al., 2003; Neves & Omena, 2003)
Aplysina sp. [= Aplysina fulva]: Northeast Region: SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. (Vaske-Júnior,
2010)
Aplysina sp.: Northeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED.
BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed, off Abrolhos,
off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Hotspur
Seamount, off Ilhéus, Nova Viçosa, Rodgers
Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Off Recife. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount, Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (Johnsson, 2000; Feitoza et
al., 2005; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
Kossuga et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Muricy
et al., 2008; Lira et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2010)
Aplysinidae [family, genus undetermined]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Boipeba. CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.
(Muricy et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007)
Arenosclera sp.: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed. (Silva et al., 2006)
cf. Arenosclera sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes
et al., 2006)
Artemisina aff. melana: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995)
Artemisina sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Arvoredo
Island, Bombinhas (Galé Island), Garopaba.
(Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Andréa et al., 2007)
Asteropus sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Astropeplus sp. [= Jaspis sp.]: South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1973)
Astrophorida [order, genus unidentified]: Southeast
Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Seleghim
et al., 2007)
Astylinifer sp. [= Acheliderma sp.]: South Region: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973)
Auletta sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. (Hechtel, 1976;
Muricy et al., 2006)
Aulospongus sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed, off Laguna, off Balneário
Arroio do Silva. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Axinella aff. corrugata: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 1999;
Santos et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006)
Axinella aff. corrugata [= Axinella corrugata]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Laport et al.,
2009)
Axinella cf. corrugata [= Axinella corrugata]: Southeast
Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Lira et al.,
2007)
Axinella sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed. CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza. PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast
185
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Region: STATE NOT INFORMED. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed. (Carter, 1890;
Johnson, 1971; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Santos
et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2002b; Prado et al., 2004;
Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
cf. Axinella sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004)
Axinellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte,
off Boipeba, off Canavieiras. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off
Linhares, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount, off Macaé, off São Francisco de
Itabapoana. SÃO PAULO STATE: Ilhabela. (Rangel et
al., 2001; Muricy et al., 2006)
Axynissa sp.: Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED.
(Prado et al., 2004)
B Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 1999; Rangel
Batzella sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy &
Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al.,
2006)
Biemna sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1973)
Bubaris sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Locality not informed. SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Guarujá. South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Off Criciúma. RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality
not informed, off Tavares. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1973; Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007)
C PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Cacospongia sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin, off Touros. SÃO PEDRO
E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Santos et al., 1999;
Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et
al., 2008)
Calcarea [class, subclass unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Hotspur Seamount, Salvador.
CEARÁ STATE: Off Beberibe. Southeast Region: SÃO
PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 2002a;
Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
186
Calcaronea [subclass, order unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, off
Trancoso. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
(Muricy et al., 2006)
Calcinea [subclass, order unidentified]: Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Callyspongia aff. diffusa: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999)
Callyspongia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos, off Abrolhos,
off Belmonte, Minerva Seamount, Salvador, off
Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: near Camocim.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Achipelago, Tamandaré. Southeast Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED. ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Linhares,
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. SÃO PAULO
STATE: Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956;
Eston et al., 1986; Muricy et al., 1991; Rocha, 1995;
Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999;
et al., 2001; Johnsson, 2002; Santos et al., 2002a,b;
Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004;
Ferreira et al., 2006; Gray et al., 2006; Moraes et al.,
2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Callyspongia sp. [= Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli;
cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Abrolhos Archipelago. (Hechtel, 1976, 1983)
Callyspongiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Salvador, off
Trancoso. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Cervicornia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007)
Chalina sp. [= Haliclona sp.]: Northeast Region:
Archipelago. (Carter, 1890)
Chalinidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount,
off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Royal Charlotte
Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off
Linhares, off Piúma, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount, Arraial do Cabo, Macaé. (Ferreira et al.,
2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)
Chalinula sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:

Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003,
2006)
Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta: Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO.
Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED (RIO DE
JANEIRO or SÃO PAULO). SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Prado et al., 2004;
Moraes et al., 2006)
Chelonaplysilla sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (Eston et al., 1986; Santos et
al., 2002a; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Chondrilla aff. nucula [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:
Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió. CEARÁ
STATE: Trairí. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Custódio et al., 2002; Moraes et
al., 2003; Jimenez et al., 2004; Santos et al., 2004;
Muricy et al., 2006; Cavalcanti et al., 2007; Cedro
et al., 2007)
Chondrilla cf. nucula [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo. (Klautau et al., 1994)
Chondrilla sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
(Seleghim et al., 2007)
Chondrilla sp. B [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo. (Vilanova et al., 2007)
Chondrilla spp. A, B, and D [= Chondrilla nucula
complex]: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Armação dos Búzios, Arraial do Cabo, Itacuruçá. SÃO
PAULO STATE: Ubatuba (Picinguaba). South Region:
PARANÁ STATE: Ilha do Mel. (Klautau et al., 1999)
Chondrilla spp. 3-4 [= Chondrilla nucula complex]:
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO
PAULO STATE: Ubatuba. (Zilberberg et al., 2006)
Chondrosia aff. reniformis: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 2004)
Chondrosia sp. [= Chondrosia collectrix]: Northeast
Region: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO.
(Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b)
Chondrosia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed, off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador.
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Locality not informed,
Guarapari. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not
informed, Angra dos Reis, Armação dos Búzios,
Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed, São Sebastião. (Muricy et
al., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Lazoski et al., 2001;
Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006;
Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Chonelasma aff. choanoides [= Chonelasma choanoides]:
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality not
informed. (Muricy et al., 2006)
?Cinachyra sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956)
Cinachyra sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount, off Ilha Grande. SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy
et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Cinachyra sp. [= Cinachyra helena]: Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al.,
2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Cinachyrella aff. alloclada: Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Trancoso. (Muricy et al.,
2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Cinachyrella aff. apion: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Abrolhos, off Canavieiras, off Trancoso (Muricy
et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Cinachyrella aff. kuekenthali: Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Hotspur
Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers
Seamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas, off
Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.
(Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Cinachyrella sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, Salvador.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed. RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro.
(Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al.,
2006; Seleghim et al., 2007; Marinho et al., 2010)
Ciocalapata sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Ciocalypta sp. [= Ciocalypta alba; cf. Carvalho et al.,
2003]: STATE NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region: SÃO
PAULO STATE: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Muricy
et al., 2006)
Cladothenea sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO
SUL STATE: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-
187
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Ribeiro et al., 1973)
Clathria sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Salvador.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO.
Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED. ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Trindade Island, Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial
do Cabo, Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro. SÃO PAULO
STATE: Locality not informed, off Iguape, São
Sebastião. South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed, Bombinhas (Deserta Island).
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Rocha, 1995; Hajdu
et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Ferreira et al.,
2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006, 2008;
Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim
et al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010g,h; Vaske-Júnior,
2010)
Clathria (Thalysias) cf. venosa: Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré. (Muricy &
Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b)
Clathrina sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza. PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Trindade Island. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo, Sepetiba Bay. SÃO PAULO STATE:
Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (Johnson, 1971; Maggs et
al., 1979; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Rangel et al.,
2001; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006;
Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007;
Ignacio et al., 2010)
Cliona sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Camaçari, Salvador. MARANHÃO
STATE: São Luís. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not
informed. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed, off Iguape, São Sebastião. South
Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio Grande.
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed.
(Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 1993, 2006;
Costa et al., 2000; Santos et al., 2002a; Mothes
et al., 2003, 2006c [as Cliona sp. 1]; Hajdu et al.,
2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007; Rodrigues et al., 2007; Seleghim et al.,
188
2007; Laport et al., 2009)
Cliona sp. 2: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Off Rio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c)
Cliona cf. celata [= Cliona celata complex]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré. (Muricy
& Moraes, 1998)
Cliona cf. delitrix: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Off Recife. (Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al.,
2010)
Clionidae [family, genus unidentified] [= Clionaidae]:
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Minerva Seamount.
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Linhares,
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Coelosphaeridae [family, genus unidentified]:
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. (Andréa
et al., 2007)
Corvospongilla sp.: Midwest Region: MATO GROSSO DO
SUL STATE: Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake. (Parolin
et al., 2008)
Corallistes sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1973)
Craniella sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Locality not informed. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Off
São João da Barra. South Region: PARANÁ STATE:
Santos Basin (off Paranaguá). (Sumida et al., 2004;
Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Crella sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. SÃO PEDRO
E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al.,
2004; Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
cf. Crella sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Cyamon sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
(Andréa et al., 2007)
Cydonium sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1973)
D
Dactylocalyx aff. subglobosus: Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. (Tabachnick et al., 2009)
Dactylocalyx sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. South

Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not
informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Tabachnick
et al., 2009)
Darwinella sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Angra dos Reis, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de
Janeiro. SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy
et al., 2006; Calderón et al., 2007; Seleghim et al.,
2007)
Darwinella cf. viscosa [record not valid, based on an
unpublished academic work]: Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba. (Junqueira et al.,
2004)
Demospongiae [class, order unidentified]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Porto de Galinhas.
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos
Reis, Niterói. (Secchin, 1995; Xavier et al., 2008;
Lira et al., 2009)
Desmacella aff. pumilio: Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Campos Basin. SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;
Cosme & Hajdu, 2010i)
Desmacella sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed, off Campos
dos Goytacazes. SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not
informed, off Guarujá. South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed. SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et
al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Muricy et al., 2006;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Desmacellidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Belmonte, off Salvador. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas,
off Linhares, off Vitória. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Muricy
et al., 2006)
Desmanthidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba.
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off
Aracruz, off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Desmanthus sp. [= Desmanthus meandroides]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Desmapsamma sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007)
Desmoxyidae [family, genus unidentified] [=
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
Heteroxyidae]: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Boipeba, Minerva
Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Dictyonella sp.: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;
Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Ferreira et
al., 2007)
Dictyonellidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas, off
Linhares. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount, off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Didiscus sp. [= Didiscus oxeata; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Locality not informed. (Hechtel, 1976; Muricy et
al., 2006)
Dragmacidon sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Guarapari, off Linhares, off Piúma. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off
São Francisco de Itabapoana. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
cf. Dragmacidon sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004)
Dragmaxia aff. undata: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Marataízes. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Dragmaxia sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Dysidea aff. nigra: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Dysidea sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Off Boipeba, Salvador. PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Recife,
off Recife, Tamandaré. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, Trindade Island. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Locality not informed. (de Laubenfels, 1956;
Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy & Moraes,
1998; Rangel et al., 2001; Santos et al., 2002b;
Moraes et al., 2003; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim
et al., 2007; Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010;
Gandolfi et al., 2010)
Dysideidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos. ESPÍRITO SANTO
189
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
STATE: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Dysidex cf. janiae [misspelling; = Dysidea cf. janiae]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba
Bay. (Ignacio et al., 2010)
E Euspongia sp. [= Spongia sp.]: Northeast Region:
Echinodictyum sp. [= Echinodictyum dendroides
Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Paulista. (Hechtel,
1976)
Echinodictyum sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
river. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
(Collette & Rützler, 1977; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Echinostylinos sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Campos Basin. (Cosme & Hajdu, 2010j)
?Ecionemia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Ectyoplasia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not
informed. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Seleghim et
al., 2007)
Erylus aff. formosus: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy
et al., 2006)
Erylus cf. formosus [= Erylus latens]: Northeast Region:
SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. (Edwards &
Lubbock, 1983b)
Erylus sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Belmonte,
off Boipeba, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, off
Salvador, off Trancoso. PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off
Guarapari, off Linhares, off Trindade Island, off
Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off
Campos dos Goytacazes. South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-
Ribeiro et al., 1973; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy
et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al.,
2007)
Erylus sp. nov. [= Erylus latens]: Northeast Region: SÃO
PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. (Moraes et al.,
2006)
Esperiopsis sp. [= Esperiopsis bathyalis]: Southeast
Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu et
al., 2004)
Eunapius sp.: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990)
Euretidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. (Muricy et al., 2006)
190
cf. Eurypon sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon river.
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré.
(Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998;
Santos et al., 2002b [as Eurypon sp.])
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Achipelago. (Carter, 1890)
F
Farrea sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Campos Basin. (Tabachnick et al., 2009;
Lopes, 2010d)
Fasciospongia sp., cf. turgida: North Region: STATE NOT
INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the
Amazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)
Fibulia aff. bermuda [= Strongylacidon aff. bermuda]:
Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza.
(Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999)
REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based
on van Soest (2002e), van Soest et al. (2011).
Forcepia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Off Trindade. SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not
informed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
G
Gastrophanella sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al.,
2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Gastrophanella sp. [= Gastrophanella cavernicola]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;
Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999)
Geodia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Salvador.PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Campos Basin, Sepetiba Bay.
SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not informed, off
Ilhabela, São Sebastião, off Ubatuba. (Carter, 1890;
Santos et al., 2002a; Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et
al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al.,
2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010b; Ignacio et al., 2010)
Geodia sp. [= Geodia papyracea]: Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Locality not informed. (Burton, 1940)
Geodia cf. papyracea [= Geodia papyracea]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Tamandaré. (Muricy
& Moraes, 1998)
Geodiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast

Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount. (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b; Muricy et
al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Grantia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO
STATE: Off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Muricy et al., 1991,
2006; Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Guancha sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy &
Silva, 1999)
Guitarra sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. South Region: SANTA CATARINA
STATE: Locality not informed. (Dresch et al., 2005;
Seleghim et al., 2007)
Guitarra sp. [= Guitarra sepia]: South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed. (Monks et
al., 2002)
Guitarridae [family, genus unidentified]: Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO
PAULO STATE: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
H (Ponta Verde Reef). BAHIA STATE: Salvador. CEARÁ
Hadromerida [order, family unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: Off
Beberibe. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin. Southeast Region: STATE NOT INFORMED.
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount. SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Santos
et al., 1999; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;
Seleghim et al., 2007)
Halichondria sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. CEARÁ STATE:
Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza,
Trairí. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed,
Itamaracá, Tamandaré. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Off Baía Formosa, Potiguar Basin, off Touros.
SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast
Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not informed, off
Ilhabela, off Ubatuba. (Johnson, 1971; Edwards &
Lubbock, 1983b; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et
al., 1999, 2002a,b; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Hajdu
et al., 2004; Jimenez et al., 2004; Moraes et al.,
2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Halichondria sp. [= Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel,
1983 = Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels,
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
1934); cf. Diaz et al., 1993]: Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)
Halichondrida [order, family unidentified]: Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacio
et al., 2010)
Halichondriidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off
Canavieiras, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus,
Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, Salvador,
off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off
Linhares, off Piúma, off São Mateus, off Vitória,
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé,
off São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al.,
2006; Andréa et al., 2007)
Haliclona aff. tubifera [= Haliclona (Reniera) aff.
tubifera]: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed. (Monks et al., 2002)
REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de
Weerdt (2000).
Haliclona sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
river. Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
STATE: Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed, Gaibu,
Ipojuca, Itamaracá, Porto de Galinhas, Recife,
Tamandaré. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro.
SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not informed, off
Guarujá, São Sebastião, Ubatuba. South Region: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed, off
Chuí, off Tavares. SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality
not informed, Bombinhas. (de Laubenfels, 1956;
Johnson, 1971; Boffi, 1972; Collette & Rützler, 1977;
Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 1991; Rocha, 1995;
Lerner, 1996 [as Haliclona tubifera, cf. de Weerdt,
2000]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Hajdu et al., 1999;
Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 1999, 2002a,b,
2010b; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Sarmento &
Correia, 2002; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Mothes et
al., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Hajdu et al., 2004; Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Vilanova et
al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;
Seleghim et al., 2007; Laport et al., 2009; Farrapeira
et al., 2009; Barradas et al., 2010; Farrapeira, 2010;
Marinho et al., 2010)
Halisarca sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
191
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al.,
2006)
Halme sp. [= Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) sp.]:
Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: near Camocim. (de
Laubenfels, 1956; Santos et al., 1999)
Hamacantha sp. [= Hamacantha (Vomerula)
microxifera]: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007)
Haplosclerida [order, family unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos, off Boipeba,
Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Linhares, Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. SÃO
PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Maggs et al., 1979;
Johnsson, 1998; Santos et al., 2002a; Breves-Ramos
et al., 2005; Ferreira et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006;
Andréa et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et
al., 2010; Marroig & Reis, 2010)
Hemiasterellidae [family, genus unidentified]:
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos.
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off
Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Hemimycale sp.: Northeast Region: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region: STATE NOT
INFORMED. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo,
Rio de Janeiro. (Muricy et al., 1991, 1993; Muricy &
Silva, 1999; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al.,
2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Moraes, 2009)
Heteromeyenia sp.: North Region: TOCANTINS STATE:
Araguatins, Taquari River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro &
Batista, 2007)
Higginsia sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Hippospongia sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Trindade Island. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Hircinia sp. [= Ircinia sp.]: Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. (Carter 1890)
Holoxea sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED (BAHIA, ESPÍRITO
SANTO or RIO DE JANEIRO). (Muricy et al., 2006)
Holoxea sp. n. [= Asteropus niger]: Northeast Region:
SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. (Moraes et
al., 2006)
Homosclerophorida [order, family unidentified]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Porto de
Galinhas. (Lira et al., 2009)
Hyalonema sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. South
192
Region: PARANÁ STATE: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá).
(Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Tabachnick
et al., 2009)
Hyattella sp.: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Off
Beberibe. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife. RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin, off
Touros. (Santos et al., 1999; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;
Amaral et al., 2010)
Hymedesmia sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro. South Region: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Tavares, off Chuí. SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Arvoredo Island, Bombinhas (Galé
Island), off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2003,
2004c, 2006c; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Moraes et
al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
cf. Hymedesmia sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Trindade Island. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Hymedesmiidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Piúma. (Muricy
et al., 2006)
Hymeniacidon aff. dystacta: Northeast Region: CEARÁ
STATE: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999)
Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila [= Hymeniacidon
heliophila]: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião. (Granato et al., 2000; Rangel et al., 2001;
Berlinck et al., 2004; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004)
Hymeniacidon sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Off Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al.,
2007; Marroig & Reis, 2010)
I
Igernella sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. (Eston et al.,
1986 [as Irgernella (misspelling)]; Santos et al.,
2002b)
Inflatella sp. [= Oceanapia sp.]: North Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of
the Amazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)
Iophon sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1973)
Iotrochota sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, Salvador, off Salvador. (Muricy et al.,
2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Iotrochotidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast

Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Ircinia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount,
Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. CEARÁ STATE:
Locality not informed, off Beberibe. PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas, Potiguar
Basin. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain. SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed. South Region: RIO GRANDE
DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed, off Tavares.
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Eston et al., 1986;
Santos et al., 1999, 2002b; Rocha et al., 2000; Mothes
et al., 2004c; Muricy et al., 2006, Hajdu & Lopes,
2007; Paiva et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Irciniidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Boipeba, Hotspur
Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers
Seamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas, off
Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
(Muricy et al., 2006)
Isodictya sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al.,
1973)
J Achipelago. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
Jaspis sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. South
Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not
informed, off Porto Alegre, off Tavares. SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed, off Laguna.
(Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Moraes et
al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Jenkinidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. (Muricy et al., 2006)
K off Ilhabela. (Santos et al., 2002a,b; Hajdu et
‘Keratosa’ [informal group of superordinal level, order
unidentified]: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007)
Kieplitela aff. antrodes [= Echinodictyum aff.
antrodes]: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE:
Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999).
REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on
Hooper (1996, 2002b), van Soest et al. (2011).
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
L
Latrunculia sp.: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007)
Latrunculiidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et
al., 2006)
Laxosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. (Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Santos et al.,
2002a)
cf. Leiosella sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Guarapari. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Leucandra sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo, Sepetiba
Bay. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva,
1999; Ignacio et al., 2010)
Leucetta sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et
al., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva, 1999)
Leucilla aff. australiensis [= Paraleucilla magna]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba.
(Nassar & Silva, 1999; Junqueira et al., 2004)
Leucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla magna]: Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Klautau et
al., 1994b)
Leucilla sp.: Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
STATE: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. (Johnson,
1971; Muricy et al., 1991; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005;
Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006)
Leucosolenia sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004;
Ferreira et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Lissodendoryx sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Itamaracá. Southeast
Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not informed,
al., 2004; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes,
2007)
‘Lithistida’ [polyphyletic group of ordinal level, family
unidentified]: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004)
Lophocalyx sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Locality
not informed. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Locality not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
193
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
M de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Margaritella sp. [= Iphiteon sp.]: South Region: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973)
Melophlus sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas.
(Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006)
Menanetia sp. [= Halichondria sp.]: Southeast Region:
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels,
1956)
Metania sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Viamão. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981)
Metania sp. [= Metania reticulata]: North Region:
AMAZONAS STATE: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição
do Raimundo). (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-
Barbosa, 1974)
Microcionidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte,
off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Minerva Seamount,
Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares,
off Marataízes, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Off Macaé, off São Francisco
de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al.,
2007)
Monanchora aff. clathrata: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
(Muricy et al., 2006)
Monanchora cf. barbadensis [= Monanchora arbuscula]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo. (Klautau et al., 2004)
Monanchora sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Salvador. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares.
South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE: Arvoredo
Island, Bombinhas (Galé Island). (Johnsson, 2002;
Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy et al., 2006;
Andréa et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Monanchora sp. [= Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa]:
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade
Island. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Mycale aff. americana [= Mycale (Aegogropila)
americana]: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Lôbo-Hajdu et
al., 2004; Santos et al., 2004)
Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. americana [= Mycale
(Aegogropila) americana]: Southeast Region: SÃO
PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Lôbo-Hajdu et al.,
1999)
Mycale aff. arenaria [= Mycale (Mycale) arenaria]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
194
STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006)
Mycale aff. magnirhaphidifera: Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacio et al., 2010)
Mycale sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ
or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon river.
Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió (Ponta
Verde Reef). BAHIA STATE: Hotspur Seamount,
Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Itamaracá. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Trindade Island. RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro.
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião, Ubatuba. South
Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio Grande.
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Off Santa Marta Cape.
(Boffi, 1972; Collette & Rützler, 1977; Hajdu, 1999;
Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2002a; Sarmento &
Correia, 2002; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Mothes
et al., 2004c; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;
Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
Mycalidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. Southeast Region:
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995;
Andréa et al., 2007)
Mycalina [suborder, family unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. (Santos et al.,
2002a)
Myrmekioderma sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Boipeba. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Myxilla sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São
Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995)
Myxillidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Belmonte. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo. (Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 2006)
Myxillina [suborder, family unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. (Santos et al., 2002a;
Andréa et al., 2007)
N
Neofibularia sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Locality not informed. (Mothes et al., 2004c;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Niphates sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: Locality not
informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza. PARAÍBA STATE:
Locality not informed. PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;

Santos et al., 1999, 2002a,b; Dresch et al., 2005;
Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al.,
2006; Ferreira et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007;
Seleghim et al., 2007)
Niphates sp. [= Niphates erecta]: Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol
das Rocas. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Moraes et al.,
2003)
Niphatidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, off
Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount,
Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Guarapari, off
Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha
Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al.,
2007)
O 2007)
Oceanapia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte,
off Boipeba, off Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Tamandaré. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Locality not informed, off Linhares, off Piúma,
off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed,
Almirante Saldanha Seamount. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et
al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Oncosclera sp.: Midwest Region: MATO GROSSO DO
SUL STATE: Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake. North
Region: RORAIMA STATE: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera
River (Maracá Island). TOCANTINS STATE: Gurupi,
Tocantins River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a;
Parolin et al., 2008)
Oscarella sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Armação dos Búzios. (Muricy &
Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al.,
2006; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008)
P Penares sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. North Region: STATE
Pachastrella sp.: South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL
STATE: Locality not informed, off Mostardas.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Mothes et al., 2003,
2006c)
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
Pachastrellidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Aracruz, off Linhares. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Campos dos
Goytacazes. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al.,
2007)
Pachastrissa sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et
al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Pachychalina sp. [= Pachychalina alcaloidifera]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Niterói.
SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Berlinck et al.,
2004; Oliveira et al., 2006a,b)
Pachychalina sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast
Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Vilanova
et al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Seleghim et al.,
Pachypellina sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Off Trindade. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007 [as “off São Paulo State”, but the
nearest point to the collection site is Trindade, in
Rio de Janeiro State])
Pandaros sp. [= Echinodictyum dendroides]: Northeast
Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin. (Muricy et al., 2008)
Paraleucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla magna]: Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro.
(Monteiro & Muricy, 2004)
Paraleucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla sphaerica]: Northeast
Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin. (Muricy et al., 2008)
Paraleucilla sp.: Northeast Region: SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Trindade Island. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Arraial do Cabo. (Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al.,
2006)
Pellina aff. eusiphonia [= Oceanapia aff. eusiphonia]:
Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza.
(Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999).
REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002d); van
Soest et al. (2011).
NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of
the Amazon River. Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. South Region:
RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed.
195
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
(Volkmer- Ribeiro et al., 1973; Collette & Rützler,
1977 [as Penares sp., cf. mastoidea]; Moraes et al.,
2006; Muricy et al., 2006)
Perissinella sp. [= Ptilocaulis fosteri (Hechtel, 1983)]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
(Hechtel, 1976)
Perissinella sp., cf. madeirensis: North Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of
the Amazon River. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)
Petromica sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Muricy et al.,
2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Petromica sp. [= Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina]: SÃO
PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001)
Petrosia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. North Region: STATE
NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth
of the Amazon River. Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando
de Noronha Archipelago, Tamandaré. (Collette &
Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al.,
2002b; Moraes et al., 2003)
Petrosia sp. [= Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago, Tamandaré. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998;
Santos et al., 2002b; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
Petrosiidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, Hotspur
Seamount, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount,
off Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off
Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off
São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Phakellia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. South Region:
RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2006)
Phellodermidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. (Andréa et al.,
2007)
Phloeodictyidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba,
Hotspur Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Phorbas sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Guarapari. (Muricy et al., 2006)
196
Phorbas sp. [= Phorbas amaranthus]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006)
Placospongia aff. melobesioides: Northeast Region:
ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió. (Cedro et al., 2007)
Placospongia cf. intermedia: Northeast Region: BAHIA
STATE: Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not
informed. (Silva et al., 2006)
Placospongia sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al.,
2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Plakina sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Locality not informed, Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy & Moraes,
1998; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007)
Plakinastrella sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador, off Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: Locality not
informed, off Beberibe. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Trindade Island. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Locality not informed, Almirante Saldanha
Seamount. (Santos et al., 1999; Muricy et al., 2006;
Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Plakinidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Boipeba, off Salvador.
Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off
Aracruz. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Plakortis sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte, Minerva Seamount, Salvador.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Atol das
Rocas, Potiguar Basin. (Eston et al., 1986; Muricy
& Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et
al., 1999, 2002b; Neves & Omena, 2003; Muricy et
al., 2006, 2008; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Poecilosclerida [order, suborder unidentified]:
Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador. Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis.
(Secchin, 1995; Santos et al., 2002a)
Polyfibrospongia sp. [= Carteriospongia sp.]: Northeast
Region: CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971;
Santos et al., 1999)
REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on
Cook & Bergquist (2002e); van Soest et al. (2011).
Polymastia cf. agglutinans: South Region: SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé). (Lerner,
1996)
Polymastia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:

Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Linhares. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE: Off Ilhabela, São Sebastião.
(Muricy, 1989; Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et
al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al.,
2007)
Polymastiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Polytherses sp. [= Ircinia sp.]: Northeast Region:
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. (Carter, 1890)
Prianus sp. [= Xestospongia grayi (Hechtel, 1983)]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago. (Hechtel, 1976)
Protosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro. (Monteiro &
Muricy, 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Laport et al., 2009)
Pseudosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin. South Region:
RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Locality not informed.
(Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2008)
Psammaplysilla sp., cf. camera [?= Dendrilla camera
sensu van Soest, 1978: 84; non Dendrilla camera (de
Laubenfels, 1936)]: STATE NOT INFORMED. (Hechtel,
1976)
Ptilocaulis sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Salvador. Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy &
Silva, 1999; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Q (Tabachnick et al., 2009)
R 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Radiella sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Southeast Region:
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Campos Basin. South Region:
PARANÁ STATE: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá).
(Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Cosme &
Hajdu, 2010d,e)
Raspaciona sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not
informed, off Ilhabela, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al.,
2004; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Raspailia sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
River. Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed, off Guarujá. South Region: RIO
GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Chuí, off Porto Alegre.
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
SANTA CATARINA STATE: Locality not informed, off
Itajaí, off Santa Marta Cape. (Collette & Rützler,
1977; Monks et al., 2002; Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes
et al., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Dresch et al., 2005; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007)
Raspailiidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount,
off Trancoso. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares,
off Marataízes, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Moraes et al.,
2006; Muricy et al., 2006)
Rhabdastrella sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. (Muricy et al.,
2006)
Rhabdastrella sp. [= Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel,
1983]: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)
Rhabderemia aff. africana: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO
STATE: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004)
Rhabderemia sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé.
South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off Rio
Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy et al.,
2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
cf. Rhaphidistia sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte. (Muricy et al., 2006)
S
Sarostegia aff. oculata: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain.
Sceptrella sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al.,
Scopalina sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião.
(Seleghim et al., 2007)
Sphaerotylus sp.: South Region: SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu
& Lopes, 2007)
Spheciospongia sp. [= Spheciospongia symbiotica
Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)
Spirasigmidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Belmonte, Camaçari,
Minerva Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Spirastrella sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: Off
197
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Beberibe. (Santos et al., 1999; Costa et al., 2000;
Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)
Spongia sp.: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió
(Ponta Verde Reef). BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos,
off Belmonte. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Ilhéus, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain, Trindade Island. SÃO PAULO
STATE: São Sebastião. (Eston et al., 1986; Santos et
al., 2002b; Sarmento & Correia, 2002; Muricy et al.,
2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Spongiidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Rodgers
Seamount, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off Guarapari, off
Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. SÃO
PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Muricy
et al., 2006)
Spongillidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Jaboatão dos
Guararapes. (Coelho, 1966; Santos et al., 2002b)
Spongosorites sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.
(Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007)
Stelletta sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: Locality not
informed. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar
Basin. Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Campos Basin, Sepetiba Bay. SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed, off Guarujá, off Ilhabela, São
Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Hajdu et al., 1999,
2003, 2004; Santos et al., 1999; Rangel et al., 2001;
Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu &
Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu,
2010a; Ignacio et al., 2010)
cf. Stelletta sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon
river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)
Stoeba sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Marataízes. (Moraes et al., 2006;
Muricy et al., 2006)
Stoeba sp. [= Dercitus (Stoeba) latex]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO.
(Moraes et al., 2006)
Strongylacidon sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al.,
198
1991; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Muricy & Silva, 1999;
Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Andréa et
al., 2007)
Strongylamma sp.: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO
STATE: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes
et al., 2006)
Stylaxinella sp. A [= Ptilocaulis bistyla (Hechtel, 1983)]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Recife.
(Hechtel, 1976)
Stylaxinella sp. B [= Ptilocaulis braziliensis (Hechtel,
1983)]: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)
Suberites sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed.
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio de
Janeiro. South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: Off
Rio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Monteiro
& Muricy, 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Seleghim et al.,
2007)
Suberitidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE NOT
INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Abrolhos, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Minerva
Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. PARAÍBA
STATE: Locality not informed. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas,
off Linhares, off Vitória. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Almirante Saldanha Seamount. SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Dresch et al., 2005;
Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)
Sycettidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Off Recife. (Lira et al.,
2010)
Sycettusa cf. hastifera [= Sycettusa hastifera]: Southeast
Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Angra dos Reis.
(Azevedo & Klautau, 2007)
Sycon sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Rio
de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004;
Ignacio et al., 2010)
Sympagella sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Campos Basin. (Lopes, 2010e)
T
Tedania sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo, Sepetiba. SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião,
Ubatuba. South Region: RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Boffi,
1972; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Seleghim et al.,
2007; Ignacio et al., 2010)
cf. Teichaxinella sp.: North Region: STATE NOT INFORMED
(AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the mouth of the Amazon

river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977)
Terpios aff. fugax: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Ferreira et al., 2006)
Terpios sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Salvador.
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Sepetiba
Bay. SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. (Seleghim et
al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010)
Tethya aff. maza: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE:
Maceió. (Sarmento & Correia, 2002)
Tethya sp.: Northeast Region: ALAGOAS STATE: Maceió.
BAHIA STATE: Salvador. CEARÁ STATE: Trairí.
PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not informed,
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Locality not informed, Sepetiba
Bay. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Jimenez et al., 2004;
Silva et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Cedro et al.,
2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ribeiro et al., 2008;
Laport et al., 2009; Ignacio et al., 2010)
Tethytimea sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Piúma. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Tetilla sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Off Canavieiras. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts
Chain. SÃO PAULO STATE: São Sebastião. South
Region: PARANÁ STATE: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá).
(Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
Tetillidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Boipeba, off Canavieiras,
Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007)
Theonellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Southeast
Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Off Itaúnas. (Muricy
et al., 2006)
Thoosa sp.: Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Thorecta sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Thorecta sp. [= Thorecta atlantica]: Northeast Region:
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin.
(Muricy et al., 2008)
Thorectidae [family, genus unidentified]: STATE
NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE:
Off Boipeba, off Ilhéus, Rodgers Seamount,
off Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO
STATE: Off Aracruz, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade
Seamounts Chain. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante
Saldanha Seamount, off São João da Barra. (Muricy
et al., 2006)
Thrombidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off
Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher
Trancoso. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Linhares, off Guarapari, off Vitória, Vitória-
Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006)
Thrombus sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Belmonte. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Off Guarapari. SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality not
informed, off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy
et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007)
Timea aff. stellifasciata: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al.,
2006)
Timea cf. bioxyasterina: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al.,
2006)
Timea sp.: Northeast Region: BAHIA STATE: Off
Canavieiras, Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. SÃO PEDRO E SÃO
PAULO ARCHIPELAGO. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO
SANTO STATE: Off Aracruz, Trindade Island. RIO DE
JANEIRO STATE: Rio de Janeiro. SÃO PAULO STATE: Off
Guarujá, near Alcatrazes Archipelago. South Region:
RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: off Tavares. SANTA
CATARINA STATE: Off Santa Marta Cape. (Hajdu
et al., 2004; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Mothes et
al., 2004c; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006;
Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim
et al., 2007)
Topsentia aff. ophiraphidites: STATE NOT INFORMED
(BAHIA, ESPÍRITO SANTO or RIO DE JANEIRO). (Muricy
et al., 2006)
Topsentia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Off Abrolhos, Hotspur Seamount,
Salvador. Southeast Region: ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. SÃO PAULO
STATE: Locality not informed, near Alcatrazes
Archipelago. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006;
Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Toxochalina sp. [= Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.]:
Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: Arraial do
Cabo. (Seleghim et al., 2007)
Trachycladus sp.: Southeast Region: SÃO PAULO STATE:
São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007)
U
Ulosa sp.: Northeast Region: RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
STATE: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006)
V
Verongia sp. [= Aplysina sp.]: STATE NOT INFORMED.
Northeast Region: CEARÁ STATE: Fortaleza. (Johnson,
199
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
1971; Kelecom et al., 1979; Santos et al., 1999)
Verongia sp. samples I-III sensu Kelecom &
Kannengiesser, 1979 [= Aplysina fulva]: Northeast
Region: BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos. Southeast Region:
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE: Guarapari. RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Cabo Frio. (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979;
Kelecom, 1997)
Verongia sp. a [= Aplysina lacunosa ?; cf. Hechtel, 1983]:
Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE: Locality not
informed. (Hechtel, 1976)
Verongia sp. b [= Aplysina pergamentacea; cf. Hechtel,
1983]: Northeast Region: PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Recife. (Hechtel, 1976)
Vosmaeropsis sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy
& Silva, 1999)
Vulcanella sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Campos Basin. SÃO PAULO STATE: Locality
not informed, off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et
al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Cosme & Hajdu,
2010c)
200
W
Waltherarndtia sp.: Southeast Region: RIO DE JANEIRO
STATE: Off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006)
X
Xestospongia sp.: STATE NOT INFORMED. North Region:
STATE NOT INFORMED (AMAPÁ or PARÁ): Off the
mouth of the Amazon River. Northeast Region:
BAHIA STATE: Abrolhos, Hotspur Seamount,
Salvador. PERNAMBUCO STATE: Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago, Itamaracá. RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE STATE: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: RIO
DE JANEIRO STATE: Almirante Saldanha Seamount.
(Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998;
Johnsson, 2002; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al.,
2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007)
Y
Z
 IV. LIST OF NOMENCLATORIAL ACTS
A synopsis of all taxonomic changes herein proposed is
given below to help the reader locate the nomenclatorial
acts involved with the Brazilian Porifera as proposed by
us in this catalogue, including formalizations of changes
already implicitly proposed in the literature. Included
in this list are new synonymies, new combinations,
revalidations, elevation of varieties to species rank,
and designations of type specimens. Not included are
minor changes such as emendation of spellings.
Designation of type specimens:
Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Cornulum
tylotum] (specimens examined not listed in the
original publication): fixation of holotype by
monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943.
Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 [=
Scalarispongia cincta] (specimens examined not
listed in the original publication): fixation of
holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE
1017.
Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Clathria
(Clathria) calypso] (specimens examined not listed
in the original publication): fixation of holotype
by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035.
Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 994.
Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Forcepia
(Forcepia) trilabis] (specimens examined not listed
in the original publication): fixation of holotype
by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973.
Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 999.
Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 964.
Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Iotrochota
birotulata] (specimens examined not listed in the
original publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 951, 1018.
Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012,
1022.
Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 956.
Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 1029.
Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 944.
Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 960.
Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973
[= Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife] (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985,
1008.
Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973
[= Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota] (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 986.
Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Clathria
(Wilsonella) nigra] (specimens examined not listed
in the original publication): designation of syntypes
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946, 983.
Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Raspailia
(Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae] (specimens examined
not listed in the original publication): fixation of
paralectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1039.
Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 1023.
Spongelia cana var. cincta Hyatt, 1877 [= Dysidea cana
var. cincta; currently considered unrecognizable]
(specimens examined not listed in the original
publication): fixation of lectotype MCZ 29 and
paralectotype MCZ 7125.
Spongelia dubia var. mollior Hyatt, 1877 [= Dysidea
dubia var. mollior; currently considered
unrecognizable] (specimens examined not listed
201
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
in the original publication): fixation of holotype
MCZ 7331.
Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Hyattella
cavernosa] (specimens examined not listed in the
original publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN.
LBIM.D.NBE 971, 998, 1020, 1021, 1042.
Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa Hyatt,
1877 [= Spongia (Spongia) pertusa] (specimens
examined not listed in the original publication):
fixation of lectotype MCZ 19081 and
paralectotypes MCZ 7036, 7179, 7189, 7293.
Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt,
1877 [= Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis]
(specimens examined not listed in the original
publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy
MCZ 42.
Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851 [= Eunapius fragilis]
(specimens examined not listed in the original
publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy
ANSP-PO unregistered.
Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Cyamon
vickersii] (specimens examined not listed in the
original publication): fixation of holotype by
monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 947.
Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 [=
Craniella corticata] (specimens examined not
listed in the original publication): designation
of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027 (2
specimens).
Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Aiolochroia
crassa] (specimens examined not listed in the
original publication): designation of syntypes
MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 950, 1006, 1026, 1046.
New subgenus assignments:
Callyspongia coppingeri Ridley, 1881 – to Callyspongia
(Callyspongia) coppingeri (cf. Desqueyroux-
Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Callyspongia aff. diffusa (Ridley, 1884) – to
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aff. diffusa (cf.
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Callyspongia fibrosa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) –
to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (cf.
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Callyspongia laboreli Hechtel, 1983 – to Callyspongia
(Callyspongia) laboreli (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez
& Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Callyspongia tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti,
202
1864 – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima
(cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Callyspongia pergamentacea (Ridley, 1881) – to
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea (cf.
Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Callyspongia villosa (Pallas, 1766) – to Callyspongia
(Cladochalina) villosa (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez
& Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 – to Clathria
(Clathria) calypso (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Clathria nigra (Boury-Esnault, 1973, as
Psammotoxa) – to Clathria (Thalysias) nigra (cf.
Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Clathria procera (Ridley, 1884) – to Clathria
(Thalysias) procera (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Coelosphaera raphidifera Hechtel, 1969 – to
Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera (cf. van
Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).
Crella spinosa (Hechtel, 1983, as Crelloxea) – to Crella
(Grayella) spinosa (cf. van Soest, 2002f; van Soest
et al., 2011).
Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
– to Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis
(cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 – to
Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa (cf.
Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 –
to Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea (cf.
Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) – to Halichondria
(Halichondria) panicea (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest,
2002; van Soest et al., 2011).
Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 –
to Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea (cf.
Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 –
to Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica (cf.
Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Haliclona catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – to
Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis (cf. de Weerdt,
2002).

Haliclona lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – to
Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus (cf. de Weerdt,
2002).
Haliclona mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – to
Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris (cf. de Weerdt,
2002).
Haliclona aff. tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) sensu
Monks et al., 2002 – to Haliclona (Reniera) aff.
tubifera (cf. de Weerdt, 2002).
Mycale escarlatei Hajdu et al., 1995 – to Mycale
(Aegogropila) escarlatei (cf. van Soest & Hajdu,
2002; van Soest et al., 2011).
Myxilla chilensis Thiele, 1905 – to Myxilla
(Ectyomyxilla) chilensis (cf. van Soest, 2002j; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Myxilla mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 – to Myxilla
(Myxilla) mucronata (cf. van Soest, 2002j; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 – to Petrosia
(Petrosia) weinbergi (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez &
Valentine, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011).
Raspailia tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 – to Raspailia
(Raspailia) tenuis (cf. Hooper, 2002c).
Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 – to
Spongia (Spongia) barbara (cf. Cook & Bergquist,
2002d; van Soest et al., 2011).
Spongia ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 – to Spongia
(Spongia) ditelliformis (cf. Cook & Bergquist,
2002d; van Soest et al., 2011).
Spongia lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 – to Spongia (Spongia)
lobosa (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et
al., 2011).
Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 – to Spongia (Spongia)
pertusa (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et
al., 2011).
Genus and subgenus transfers
(new combinations):
Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883 – transferred to
Sycettusa (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983 – transferred to
Phorbas (based on van Soest, 2002h; van Soest et
al., 2011).
Aphroceras caminus sensu Ridley, 1881 – transferred
to Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic et
al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Aphroceras caminus var. crassior sensu Ridley,
1881; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 – transferred to
Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic et
al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
List of Nomenclatorial Acts
Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred
to Cornulum (based on Hooper, 2002; van Soest et
al., 2011).
Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred
to Scalarispongia (based on Cook & Bergquist,
2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).
Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1849 – transferred to
Pione (based on Rützler, 2002c; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Ephydatia anonyma sensu Weltner, 1895 – transferred
to Trochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato,
2002).
Fibulia aff. bermuda sensu Johnson, 1971; Santos et
al., 1999 – transferred to Strongylacidon (based on
van Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).
Grantessa flamma sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 –
transferred to Sycettusa (based on Borojevic et al.,
2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Grantessa hastifera sensu Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy
& Silva, 1999 – transferred to Sycettusa (based on
Borojevic et al, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Homoeodictya grandis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 –
transferred to Isodictya (based on Hajdu & Lôbo-
Hajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011).
Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905 – transferred
to Hymenancora (based on van Soest, 2002j; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Ircinia fascicularis sensu de Laubenfels, 1956; Santos
et al., 1999 – transferred to Sarcotragus (as S.
fasciculata; based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002c; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Ircinia fasciculata sensu Johnson, 1971; Hechtel, 1976;
Santos et al., 1999 – transferred to Sarcotragus
(based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002c; van Soest et
al., 2011).
Kieplitela aff. antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) sensu
Johnson, 1971 – transferred to Echinodictyum
(based on Hooper, 2002b; van Soest et al., 2011).
Leucandra sacculata sensu Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 –
transferred to Leucilla (based on Borojevic et al.,
2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Leuconia barbata sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 –
transferred to Leucandra (based on Borojevic et
al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Leuconia caminus sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 –
transferred to Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on
Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011).
Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890 – transferred to
Leucilla (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b – transferred to
203
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Trochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato,
2002).
Mycale (Aegogropila) diversisigmata van Soest, 1984 –
transferred to Mycale (Naviculina) (based on van
Soest & Hajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011).
Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima sensu Hajdu et
al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 – transferred to
Hymenancora (based on van Soest, 2002j; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Phoriospongia nigra sensu Santos et al., 2002b –
transferred to Clathria (Wilsonella) (based on
Hooper, 1996, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011).
Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred
to Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) (based on van
Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).
Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred
to Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) (based on van
Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011).
Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884 – transferred
to Psammoclema (based on van Soest, 2002e; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred
to Clathria (Wilsonella) (based on Hooper, 1996,
2002c; van Soest et al., 2011).
Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 – transferred to
Ptilocaulis (based on Alvarez & Hooper, 2002; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 –
transferred to Craniella (based on van Soest &
Rützler, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011).
Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973 –
transferred to Tedania (Trachytedania) (based on
van Soest, 2002k; van Soest et al., 2011).
Tubella anonyma sensu Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960 –
transferred to Trochospongilla (based on Manconi
& Pronzato, 2002).
Change of taxonomic level from
variety to species (new status):
Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 –
204
changed to Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Poléjaeff,
1884 (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van
Soest et al., 2011).
Leucandra caminus var. crassior (Ridley, 1881) –
changed to Leucandra crassior (Ridley, 1881)
(based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al.,
2011).
Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt,
1877 – changed to Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis
Hyatt, 1877 (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002d;
van Soest et al., 2011).
Synonymizations:
Amphimedon aff. compressa sensu Moraes et al., 2003,
2006; Muricy et al., 2008 – synonymized with
Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti,
1864.
Clathrina cerebrum sensu Borojevic, 1971 –
synonymized with Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava
et al., 1991.
Pandaros sp. sensu Muricy et al., 2008: synonymized
with Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983.
Radiospongilla crateriformis sensu Ezcurra de Drago,
1975b – synonymized with Radiospongilla
amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983.
Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976 –
synonymized with Spirastrella hartmani Boury-
Esnault et al., 1999.
Names removed from synonymy:
Leucilla sacculata (Carter, 1890) is not a synonym of
Leucilla australiensis Carter (1885) as proposed
by Borojevic & Peixinho (1976). It is also not
a synonym of Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 as
proposed by Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987).
Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 is not
a synonym of Oceanapia atlantica Lévi, 1969 sensu
Hechtel, 1976 [= Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank,
1873)]; cf. van Soest (1980), de Weerdt (1985).
 V. SPECIES NAMES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FROM BRAZIL BUT NO LONGER
ACCEPTED AS VALID RECORDS.
Remarks: Misspellings are not included. Only the first reference reporting the name from Brazil is included; other
references can be found in the main list.

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Acanthacarnus radovani Boury-Esnault, 1973 Acarnus radovani

Acanthodiscus sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 Racekiela sheilae

Acervochalina molitba Santos et al., 2002b Chalinula molitba

Adocia carbonaria Hechtel, 1976 Neopetrosia carbonaria

Agelas sparsus Hechtel, 1976 Agelas dispar

Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883 Sycettusa flamma

Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983 Phorbas ramosus

Anheteromeyenia sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 Racekiela sheilae

Anthosigmella varians Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Cliona varians

Aphroceras caminus Ridley, 1881 Leucandra crassior

Aphroceras caminus var. crassior Ridley, 1881 Leucandra crassior

Aphroceras sericatum Ridley, 1881 Vosmaeropsis sericatum

Aplysina archeri Lendenfeld, 1889 Aplysina lacunosa

Aplysina fistularis f. fulva Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Aplysina fulva

Aplysina fistularis fulva Santos et al., 1999 Aplysina fulva

Aplysina janusi Santos et al., 2002b Aiolochroia crassa

Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cornulum tylotum

Ascetta blanca Haeckel, 1872 Guancha blanca

Asteropus simplex Boury-Esnault, 1973 Asteropus brasiliensis

Axinella lunaecharta Hechtel, 1976 Dragmacidon reticulatum

Axinella reticulata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Dragmacidon reticulatum

Azorica pfeifferae Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Leiodermatium pfeifferae

205
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Azorica pfeifferae tenui-laminaris Sollas, 1888 Leiodermatium pfeifferae

Basiectyon tenuis Hechtel, 1976 Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis

Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 Scalarispongia cincta

Cacospongia compacta Poléjaeff, 1884 Psammocinia compacta

Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
Callyspongia armigera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
pergamentacea

Callyspongia ramosa Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.

Callyspongia robusta Hechtel, 1976 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.

Carmia microsigmatosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa

Chalina coppingeri Ridley, 1881 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri

Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
Chalina pergamentacea Ridley & Dendy, 1887
pergamentacea

Chondrilla phyllodes Carter, 1890 Spirastrella hartmani

Chondrillina phylloides Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spirastrella hartmani

Chondrosia arenifera Santos et al., 2002b Chondropsis arenifera

Chondrosia reniformis Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Chondrosia sp.

record invalidated; based on unpublished

Chondrosia reniformis Junqueira et al., 2004
academic work

Cinachyra alloclada Johnson, 1971 Cinachyrella alloclada

Cinachyra apion Hechtel, 1976 Cinachyrella apion

Cinachyra kukenthali Hechtel, 1976 Cinachyrella kuekenthali

Cinachyra rhizophyta Johnson, 1971 Cinachyrella alloclada

Cladochalina armigera var. Callyspongia (Cladochalina)

Ridley, 1881
pergamentacea pergamentacea

Clathrina blanca Borojevic, 1971 Guancha blanca

Clathrina cerebrum Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina brasiliensis

Clathrina primordialis Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina conifera

Cliona carpenteri Boury-Esnault, 1973 Pione carpenteri

206
 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil
But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Cliona viridis var. carteri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Cliona carteri

Corvomeyenia heterosclera Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera

Corvospongilla boehmi de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 Corvospongilla seckti

Corvospongilla böhmii Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 Corvospongilla seckti

Corvospongilla novae terrae Carvalho, 1969 Corvospongilla volkmeri

Coscinospongia typus Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Corallistes typus

Crellomyxilla chilensis Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis

Crelloxea spinosa Hechtel, 1983 Crella (Grayella) spinosa

Cydonium glariosus Sollas, 1886a Geodia glariosa

Darwinella aurea Müller, 1865 Darwinella muelleri

Darwinia mülleri Schultze, 1865 Darwinella muelleri

Dasychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa

Desmacidon reptans Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Desmapsamma anchorata

Dictyonella ruetzleri Muricy et al., 1991 Scopalina ruetzleri

Donatia lyncurium Carter, 1890 Tethya aurantium

Dragmacidon reticulata Menezes et al., 2010 Dragmacidon reticulatum

Dragmacidon reticulatus Mothes et al., 2003 Dragmacidon reticulatum

Drulia batesii Gray, 1867a Drulia brownii

Drulia corallioides Gray, 1867a Uruguaya corallioides

Dysidea cana Hechtel, 1976 [unrecognizable]

Dysidea dubia Hechtel, 1976 [unrecognizable]

Echinoclathria (Holopsamma)
Muricy & Moraes, 1998 Desmapsamma anchorata
helwigi

Echinostylinos (?) unguiferus Collette & Rützler, 1977 Monanchora arbuscula

Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis

Ectyomyxilla kerguelenensis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis

207
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Ephydatia anonyma Weltner, 1895 Trochospongilla anonyma

Ephydatia crateriformis Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Radiospongilla amazonensis

Ephydatia crateriformis forma

Carvalho, 1942 Radiospongilla amazonensis
arndti

Ephydatia crateriformis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,

Radiospongilla amazonensis
paranensis 1967b

Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago,

Ephydatia fluviatilis Ephydatia facunda
1967a

Erylus oxyaster Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Erylus diminutus

Erylus topsenti Mothes de Moraes, 1981 Erylus soesti

Erylus transiens Muricy et al., 2008 Erylus alleni

Esperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Mycale (Mycale) laevis

Esperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima

Euspongia irregularis var. pertusa Lendenfeld, 1889 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa

Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 Spongia (Spongia) lobosa

Euspongia tricomalensis Lendenfeld, 1889 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa

Fibularia (?) raphidifera Hechtel, 1976 Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera

Gastrophanella stylifera Mothes & Silva, 1999 Gastrophanella implexa

Geodia (Cydonium) papyracea Hechtel, 1976 Geodia papyracea

Geodia eosaster Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Geodia australis

Geodia vosmaeri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Geodia neptuni

Geodia vosmaeri Boury-Esnault, 1973 Geodia corticostylifera

Grantessa flamma Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Sycettusa flamma

Grantessa hastifera Muricy et al., 1991 Sycettusa hastifera

Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 Topsentia ophiraphidites

Halichondria lutea Lerner, 1996 Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina

Haliclona coppingeri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri

208
 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil
But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Haliclona erina de Laubenfels, 1956 Amphimedon erina

Haliclona molitba Hechtel, 1976 Chalinula molitba

Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
Haliclona pergamentacea Mello-Leitão et al., 1961
pergamentacea

Heteromeyenia baileyi Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a Heteromeyenia insignis

Heteromeyenia baileyi var.

Gee, 1931a Heteromeyenia insignis
insignis

Heteromeyenia stepanowii Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 Heteromeyenia cristalina

Hircinia compacta Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Psammocinia compacta

Hippospongia equina Hechtel, 1976 Spongia (Spongia) barbara

Hippospongia equina var.

Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spongia (Spongia) barbara
meandriniformis

Holopsamma arenifera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Chondropsis arenifera

Homoeodictya grandis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Isodictya grandis

Hyattella intestinalis Ferreira et al., 2007 Hyattella cavernosa

Hymeniacidon sanguinea Carter, 1890 Hymeniacidon perlevis

Hymeniacidon sanguineus Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Hymeniacidon perlevis

Ianthella ardis Hechtel, 1976 Aiolochroia crassa

Ianthella ianthella Johnson, 1971 Aiolochroia crassa

Igernella joyeuxi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Igernella notabilis

Inflatella bartschi Collette & Rützler, 1977 Oceanapia bartschi

Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Iotrochota birotulata

Ircinia compacta Hechtel, 1976 Psammocinia compacta

Ircinia fascicularis de Laubenfels, 1956 Sarcotragus fasciculatus

Ircinia fasciculata Johnson, 1971 Sarcotragus fasciculatus

Ircinia longispina Hechtel, 1976 Ircinia strobilina

Laxosuberites aurantiaca Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Suberites aurantiacus

209
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Leucandra globosa Muricy et al., 1991 Leucandra rudifera

Leucandra sacculata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 Leucilla sacculata

Leucetta microraphis Tanita, 1942a Leucetta floridana

Leucilla australiensis Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucilla uter

Leucilla ?australiensis Muricy et al., 1991 Paraleucilla magna

Leuconia armata Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra armata

Leuconia barbata Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra barbata

Leuconia caminus Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra crassior

Leuconia crosslandi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra crosslandi

Leuconia hentschelii Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra hentschelii

Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890 Leucilla sacculata

Metania gregaria Gray, 1867a Trochospongilla gregaria

Metania paulata Gray, 1867a Trochospongilla paulula

Metania spinata Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 Metania kiliani

Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla anonyma

Meyenia facunda Penney, 1960 Ephydatia facunda

Meyenia gregaria Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla gregaria

Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri Traxler, 1895 Dosilia pydanieli

Microciona prolifera Johnson, 1971 Clathria (Clathria) prolifera

Monanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1976 Monanchora arbuscula

Mycale (Aegogropila) angulosa Muricy & Silva, 1999 Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa

Mycale arenosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 Mycale (Mycale) arenaria

Mycale fusca Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Mycale (Mycale) laevis

Mycale fusca Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Mycale (Mycale) arenaria

Mycale nuda Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima

210
 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil
But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

record not valid; based on unpublished

Mycale senegalensis Junqueira et al., 2004
academic study

Myriastra anancora Boury-Esnault, 1973 Stelletta anancora

Myriastra purpurea Mothes de Moraes, 1985a Stelletta beae

Myrmekioderma styx de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 Myrmekioderma rea

Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla)
Hajdu et al., 2004 Hymenancora tenuissima
tenuissima
Myxilla (?) plumosa var. fusifera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Phorbas plumosus

Nardoa pelagica Ridley, 1881 Sycettusa pelagica

Normania goliath Sollas, 1886a Characella aspera

Oceanapia atlantica Hechtel, 1976 Oceanapia fistulosa

Oceanapia isodictyiformis Muricy et al., 1991 Oceanapia nodosa

Oceanapia robusta Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Oceanapia fistulosa

Pachataxa lutea Moraes et al., 2003 Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus

Pachychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa

Paresperella spinosigma Boury-Esnault, 1973 [nomen nudum; cf. Hajdu & Rützler, 1998]

Parmula batesi Weltner, 1895 Drulia brownii

Parmula batesii Carter, 1881b Drulia brownii

Parmula browni Weltner, 1895 Drulia brownii

Parmula brownii Carter, 1881b Drulia brownii

Parmula brownii var. tuberculata Potts, 1887 Drulia brownii

Parmula cristata Weltner, 1895 Drulia cristata

Perissinella fosteri Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis fosteri

Phakellia ventilabrum Hechtel, 1976 Phakellia connexiva

Phakellia ventilabrum var.

Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Phakellia connexiva
connexiva

Phoriospongia nigra Santos et al., 2002b Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra

Pilochrota anancora Sollas, 1886a Stelletta anancora

211
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Pilochrota crassispicula Sollas, 1886a Stelletta crassispicula

Pilochrota gigas Sollas, 1886a Stelletta gigas

Plakortis simplex Boury-Esnault, 1973 Plakortis angulospiculatus

Poecillastra sollasi Hajdu et al., 2004 Characella pachastrelloides

Polymastia mammilaris Mothes de Moraes, 1985b Polymastia janeirensis

Prianus grayi Hechtel, 1983 Xestospongia grayi

Pronax plumosa Hechtel, 1976 Phorbas plumosus

Protosuberites aurantiaca Lerner et al., 2006 Suberites aurantiacus

Protosuberites aurantiacus Santos et al., 2004 Suberites aurantiacus

Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife

Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota

Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884 Psammoclema porosum

Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra

Pseudaxinella lunaecharta Collette & Rützler, 1977 Dragmacidon reticulatum

Pseudaxinella reticulata Muricy & Moraes, 1998 Dragmacidon reticulatum

Pseudoceratina crassa Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aiolochroia crassa

Pseudosuberites melanos Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979 Spheciospongia vesparium

Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian,

Radiospongilla crateriformis Radiospongilla amazonensis
1976

Radiospongilla ornata de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 Anheteromeyenia ornata

Raspailia elegans Rangel et al., 2001 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae

Raspailia (Raspaxilla) elegans Muricy & Silva, 1999 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae

Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae

Rhaphidophlus basiarenacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea

Rhaphidophlus gracilis Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Clathria (Thalysias) procera

Rhaphidophlus minutus Muricy et al., 1991 Clathria (Thalysias) minuta

212

NAME ORIGINALLY USED
Rhizochalina fistulosa
Rhizochalina nodulosa
Rhizochalina oleracea
Rhizochalina putridosa
Sidonops neptuni
Sphinctrella cribrifera
Spirastrella cunctatrix
Spirastrella cuspidifera
Spirastrella varians
Spongelia cana var. cincta
Spongelia dubia var. mollior
Spongelia pallescens fragilis var.
ramosa
Spongia bresiliana
Spongia equina var.
meandriniformis
Spongia fulva
Spongia obliqua
Spongia officinalis
Spongia officinalis
Spongia officinalis tubulifera var.
mollis
Spongia trincomalensis
Spongia vermiculata
Spongia vermiculata coocki var.
ditelliformis
Spongia vermiculata ditelliformis
Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil
But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records
FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME
Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Oceanapia fistulosa
Hechtel, 1983 Oceanapia nodulosa
Hechtel, 1976 Oceanapia oleracea
Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Oceanapia putridosa
Sollas, 1889 Geodia neptuni
Sollas, 1888 Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribrifera
de Laubenfels, 1956 Spirastrella hartmani
Hechtel, 1976 Cervicornia cuspidifera
Hechtel, 1976 Cliona varians
Hyatt, 1877 [unrecognizable]
Hyatt, 1877 [unrecognizable]
Poléjaeff, 1884 Dysidea fragilis
Boury-Esnault, 1973 Hyattella cavernosa
Hyatt, 1877 Spongia (Spongia) barbara
Pallas, 1766 Aplysina fulva
[invalidated (quoted Hechtel, 1976, but
Santos et al., 2002b
that paper contains no such record)]
Hechtel, 1976 (quoting Hyatt,
Spongia (Spongia) pertusa
1877)
Hechtel, 1976 (quoting Poléjaeff,
Spongia (Spongia) lobosa
1884)
Hyatt, 1877 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa
Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa
Hechtel, 1976 Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis
Hyatt, 1877 Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis
Santos et al., 2002b Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis
213
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Spongia virgultosa Boury-Esnault, 1973 Hyattella cavernosa

Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863 Drulia brownii

Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863 Uruguaya corallioides

Spongilla franciscana Lutz & Machado, 1915 Drulia brownii

Spongilla gregaria Bowerbank, 1863 Trochospongilla gregaria

Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b Oncosclera jewelli

Spongilla navicella Carter, 1881b Oncosclera navicella

Spongilla paulula Bowerbank, 1863 Trochospongilla paulula

Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863 Acalle recurvata

Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863 Metania reticulata

Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983

Spongilla spoliata Pottsiela spoliata
(in part)

Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983

Spongilla spoliata Pottsiela pesae
(in part)

Spongilla wagneri Weltner, 1895 Spongilla alba

Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003; Esteves

[invalidated – based on an unpublished
Stelletta incrustata & Muricy, 2005 [both cited in
Ph.D. Thesis]
introduction only]

Stelletta (Pilochrota) anancora Hechtel, 1976 Stelletta anancora

Stelletta purpurea Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Stelletta beae

Stelospongus longispinus Poléjaeff, 1884 Ircinia strobilina

Stoeba latex Moraes & Muricy, 2007a Dercitus (Stoeba) latex

Stratospongilla brasiliensis Ezcurra de Drago, 1978 Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis

Stylaxinella bistyla Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis bistyla

Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis braziliensis

Stylinos braziliensis Santos et al., 2002b Ptilocaulis braziliensis

Stylocordyla stipitata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Stylocordyla borealis

Suberites janeirensis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Polymastia janeirensis

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 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil
But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Suberites massa Carter, 1890 Suberites carnosus

Sycandra alopecurus Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla

Sycandra ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla

Sycarium ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla

Sycandra petiolata Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla

Sycarium synapta Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synapta

Syconella ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla

Syculmis synapta Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synapta

Sycurus synapta Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synapta

Synops neptuni Sollas, 1886a Geodia neptuni

Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a Geodia neptuni

Tedania anhelans Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Tedania) ignis

Tedania mucosa Mothes et al., 2000 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata

Tedania murdochi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata

Teichaxinella corrugata Lerner, 1996 Axinella corrugata

Tethya cranium Carter, 1890 Craniella cranium

Tethya lyncurium Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Tethya aurantium

Tethytimea maza Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Tethya maza

Tetilla cranium Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Craniella cranium

Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cyamon vickersii

Toxochalina robusta Mothes de Moraes, 1985b Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa

Toxochalina robusta Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.

Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Craniella corticata

Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidora

Tubella anonyma Gee, 1932 Trochospongilla anonyma

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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera

NAME ORIGINALLY USED FIRST REPORT FROM BRAZIL ACCEPTED NAME

Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a,b (in part) Metania reticulata

Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a,b (in part) Trochospongilla pennsylvanica

Tubella paulula Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla paulula

Tubella recurvata Carter, 1881b Acalle recurvata

Tubella reticulata Carter, 1881b Metania reticulata

Tubella spinata Carter, 1881b Metania spinata

Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) Metania spinata

Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) Corvomeyenia thumi

Ulosa ruetzleri Muricy, 1989 Scopalina ruetzleri

Uruguaya repens Weltner, 1895 (in part) Uruguaya corallioides

Uruguaya repens Weltner, 1895 (in part) Trochospongilla repens

Uruguayella amazonica Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 Trochospongilla amazonica

Uruguayella ringueleti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 Uruguaya corallioides

Verongia capensis de Laubenfels, 1956 [unrecognizable]

Verongia cauliformis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina cauliformis

Verongia fistularis de Laubenfels, 1956 Aplysina fistularis

Verongia fistularis f. fistularis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina fistularis

Verongia fistularis f. fulva Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina fulva

Verongia fulva Johnson, 1971 Aplysina fulva

Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Aiolochroia crassa

Verongia longissima de Laubenfels, 1956 Aplysina cauliformis

Verongia tenuissima Poléjaeff, 1884 Aplysina lacunosa

Vioa carteri Ridley, 1881 Cliona carteri

Zygomycale parishii de Laubenfels, 1956 Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa

216
 VI. LIST OF SPECIES BY LOCALITY
The states have been listed under five administrative
regions: Midwest, North, Northeast, Southeast and
South. Within each region states and localities are listed
alphabetically, and in each locality the species are listed
alphabetically by genera. For freshwater sponges, the
hydrographic basins and water bodies (rivers, lakes,
ponds, creeks) of inland localities were also recorded.
Species identified in supraspecific levels, as “cf.” or as
“aff.” were not included.
MIDWEST REGION:
GOIÁS STATE:
Corumbaíba (Corumbá River, Libório Stream):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,
Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens.
Ipameri (Santo Antônio Stream):
Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens.
Nova Crixás (Crixás Açu River):
Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia
uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania
reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Saturnospongilla
carvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula,
Trochospongilla repens.
Paraúna (Turvo River):
Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.
São Miguel do Araguaia (Araguaia River, Crixás Açu
River):
Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia
brownii, Drulia ctenosclera, Heteromeyenia
cristalina, Oncosclera navicella, Pottsiela pesae,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla
carvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata,
Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Uruguaya
corallioides.
São Simão (Alecrim Pond):
Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata.
MATO GROSSO STATE:
Locality not informed (Xingú River, Garapu Creek, Sete
de Setembro River, Culuene River, Tapirapés River):
Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata, Pottsiela
spoliata, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla pennsylvanica.
Barra do Garças (Liberdade River, Bento Gomes River):
Drulia brownii.
Cáceres (Paraguai River):
Oncosclera navicella.
Campo Novo do Parecís (do Sangue River):
Metania spinata.
Chapada dos Guimarães (Manso River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,
Eunapius fragilis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
petricola, Trochospongilla repens.
Cocalinho (Araguaia River, Brito Lake, Comprido Lake,
Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Luiz Alves Lake,
Montaria Lake, Varal Lake):
Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia
brownii, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia
cristalina, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella,
Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi,
Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria,
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla
minuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla
pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla repens,
Trochospongilla variabilis.
MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE:
Paranaíba (Araré Pond):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metania
spinata.
Taquarussu (Esperança River, Samambaia Lake):
Corvospongilla seckti, Dosilia pydanieli,
Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla
repens, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Três Lagoas (Paraná River):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia
uruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla
repens, Uruguaya corallioides.
NORTH REGION:
STATE NOT INFORMED (FRESHWATER)
(AMAZONAS or PARÁ):
Uruguaya corallioides.
STATE NOT INFORMED (MARINE) (AMAPÁ or
PARÁ):
Off the mouth of the Amazon River:
Agelas clathrodes, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea,
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa, Chondrilla
nucula complex, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,
Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) biclavata,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodia neptuni,
Ircinia strobilina, Isodictya grandis, Monanchora
arbuscula, Oceanapia bartschi, Placospongia
carinata, Plakortis halichondrioides, Thrinacophora
funiformis, Xestospongia muta.
ACRE STATE:
No records.
AMAPÁ STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina
fulva, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Chondrilla nucula
complex, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Niphates
erecta.
Off Amapá (including 02o57’00”N–49o04’00”W;
02o40’05”N–48o03’W):
Biemna microacanthosigma, Biemna trisigmata,
Grantia kempfi, Ircinia strobilina, Neopetrosia
proxima, Niphates alba, Placospongia melobesioides.
Off Calçoene (including 03o54’00”N–49o45’00”W;
03o16’00”N–49o15’05”W; 03o49’N–49o40’W; 04o13’00”N–
50o31’00”W):
Biemna spinomicroxea, Neopetrosia proxima,
Niphates erecta, Plakinastrella onkodes, Sycettusa
flamma, Terpios belindae, Vosmaeropsis
sericatum.
AMAZONAS STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater) (rivers Amazonas,
Branco, Branquinho, Casiquiaré, Negro, Cuieiras
(Amataura and Cachoeira creeks), Solimões, Tarumã-
Mirim, Preto da Eva, Uatumã, Juruá, Tefé-Ega, Tapajós,
Itú, Garapú, Tupana):
Drulia brownii, Drulia conifera, Drulia cristata,
Drulia ctenosclera, Metania fittkaui, Metania
kiliani, Metania reticulata, Metania spinata,
Metania subtilis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
spinifera, Pottsiela spoliata, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Spongilla alba, Trochospongilla
amazonica, Trochospongilla anonyma,
Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula,
Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla
variabilis, Uruguaya corallioides.
Carauari (Juruá River, Conceição do Raimundo):
Acalle recurvata, Drulia brownii, Metania
218
reticulata, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi,
Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria,
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla
minuta, Trochospongilla paulula.
Eirunepé (Juruá River):
Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata,
Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla
delicata, Trochospongilla paulula.
Manaus (Cuieiras River, Negro River, Solimões River,
Marchantaria Island, Manaus harbour, Tarumã-Mirim
Creek, Tupé Lake):
Acalle recurvata, Drulia brownii, Drulia ctenosclera,
Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina,
Metania reticulata, Metania subtilis, Oncosclera
intermedia, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata,
Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla paulula,
Trochospongilla pennsylvanica.
Maués (Maués-Açú River):
Drulia brownii.
Novo Airão (do Prato Lake):
Drulia uruguayensis.
Parintins (Amazonas River):
Acalle recurvata, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera
navicella, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla
paulula.
Presidente Figueiredo (Uatumã River, Urubu Stream):
Anheteromeyenia ornata, Drulia cristata, Drulia
ctenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania spinata,
Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela
spoliata.
PARÁ STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater) (Tapajós River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii.
Locality not informed (marine) (off the mouth of the
Amazonas River):
Agelas dispar, Geodia neptuni, Mycale (Mycale)
quadripartita.
Off Augusto Corrêa (including 00o38’N–45o52’05”W):
Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrina reticulum,
Leucascus simplex, Leucetta floridana.
Marabá (Serra dos Carajás, Itacaiúnas River):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Drulia cristata.
Off Marajó Island (including 01o57’05”N–47o13’05”W;
01o50’N–47o28’05”W):
Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra armata.
Óbidos (Amazonas River, Lago Grande):
Drulia brownii, Metania spinata.
Oriximiná (Trombetas River):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Drulia conifera,

Pottsiela spoliata.
Rurópolis (Tambor River):
Oncosclera navicella.
Off Salinópolis (00o23.0’S–47o16.1’W):
Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita.
Santana do Araguaia (Araguaia River, da Mata Pond):
Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia
brownii, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla
carvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula.
Santarém (Arapiuns River, Tapajós River, Maró River,
Curuá-Una River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Drulia
conifera, Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis,
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata,
Oncosclera intermedia, Oncosclera navicella,
Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela
spoliata, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla
variabilis.
São João de Pirabas: Pirabas Formation (Oligo-
Miocene):
†Aphrocallistes estevoui, †Aphrocallistes lobata,
†Manzonia aprutina.
Tucuruí (Tocantins River, Nazaré dos Patos):
Acanthotylotra alvarengai, Corvospongilla seckti,
Drulia conifera, Drulia ctenosclera, Drulia
uruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata,
Trochospongilla repens.
RONDÔNIA STATE:
Locality not informed (Guaporé River):
Drulia brownii.
Candeias do Jamari (Jamari River):
Oncosclera spinifera.
Porto Velho (Jamari River, Verde River):
Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania
fittkaui, Oncosclera navicella, Pottsiela pesae,
Pottsiela spoliata, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica.
RORAIMA STATE:
Altamira (Iriri River):
Pottsiela pesae.
Alto Alegre (Uraricoera River, Maracá Island, Serrinha
Creek):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania spinata,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla
variabilis.
Amajari (Ereu River):
List of Species by Locality
Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera spinifera, Spongilla
spoliata, Uruguaya corallioides.
Boa Vista (Cauamé River):
Pottsiela pesae.
Bonfim (da Arraia Creek):
Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela
pesae, Uruguaya corallioides.
Caracaraí (Bem Querer Waterfall):
Pottsiela pesae.
Caroebe (Jatapu H.P.S.):
Pottsiela pesae.
Normandia (Caracaranã Lake):
Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis.
TOCANTINS STATE:
Araguatins (Araguaia River, Taquari River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia cristata, Drulia
ctenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia
cristalina, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
schubarti, Oncosclera spinifera, Oncosclera
tonollii, Pottsiela pesae, Trochospongilla paulula,
Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Caseara (Araguaia River, da Queimada Pond):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Drulia
cristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania reticulata,
Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera,
Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla
delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla
paulula, Trochospongilla repens.
Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Jacarés Pond, Pond 2):
Acalle recurvata, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera
navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla
gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai,
Trochospongilla paulula.
Sandolândia (Araguaia River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Oncosclera navicella,
Oncosclera spinifera, Trochospongilla repens.
NORTHEAST REGION:
STATE NOT INFORMED (FRESHWATER):
Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera.
STATE NOT INFORMED (MARINE):
Agelas dispar, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
vaginalis, Chalinula molitba, Cliona varians,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Timea stellifasciata.
ALAGOAS STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Geodia
corticostylifera, Geodia neptuni, Ircinia strobilina,
Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Off Barra de Camaragibe (09o24’02”S–35o18’02”W):
Grantia kempfi.
Off Barra de Santo Antonio (09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W):
Leucetta floridana.
Barra de São Miguel (Niquim River):
Ephydatia facunda.
Off Coruripe (10o12’06”S–36o00’05”W):
Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana.
Off Japaratinga (including 09o05’S–034o50’W;
09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W):
Characella aspera, Corallistes typus, Geodia
neptuni, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana,
Leucilla uter, Phakellia connexiva.
Maceió (freshwater) (Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons):
Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia cristalina,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Spongilla alba,
Trochospongilla paulula.
Maceió and off Maceió (marine) (including Ponta
Verde Reef; 9o40’S–35o18’W; 10º11’S–35º22’W;
10o09’S–35o11’W; 09o41’04”S–35o28’02”W; 09o46’02”S–
35o34’07”W; 09o46’02”S–35o34’07”W):
Agelas dispar, Amphimedon complanata,
Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis,
Aplysina fulva, Chalinula molitba, Chondrilla
nucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix, Cinachyrella
alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cliona varians,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria,
Echinodictyum dendroides, Euplectella suberea,
Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona
(Reniera) manglaris, Haliclona (Rhizoniera)
curacaoensis, Haliclona (Soestella) melana,
Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta
floridana, Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata,
Niphates erecta, Penares anisoxia, Pheronema
carpenteri, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella coccinea,
Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis,
Tethya maza, Thenea fenestrata, Vosmaeropsis
sericatum.
Off Maragogi (including off Barra Grande; 09o09’S–
034o53’W; 09o01’00”S–34o51’02”W; 09o01’05”S–
35o01’03”W; 09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W):
Aplysina lacunosa, Cacospongia levis, Geodia
neptuni, Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata,
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Marechal Deodoro and off Marechal Deodoro (including
09 53’03”S–35 41’03”W):
o o
Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale
(Mycale) arenaria, Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
220
Off Paripueira (09o41’04”S–35o23’02”W; 09o41’S–35o18’W):
Grantia kempfi.
Passo de Camaragibe:
Geodia papyracea.
Off Piaçabuçu (including Pontal do Peba; 10o24’05”S–
36o13’02”W; 10o26’03”S–36o03’03”W; 10o28’09”S
–36o15’05”W; 10o30’02”S–36o05’05”W):
Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Vosmaeropsis
sericatum.
Santana do Ipanema (Ipanema River):
Spongilla alba.
Off São Miguel dos Milagres (09o20’06”S–35o10’07”W):
Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata.
BAHIA STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater) (Grande River,
Carinhanha River):
Drulia brownii.
Locality not informed (marine):
Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia
crassa, Amphoriscus synapta, Aplysina cauliformis,
Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella
alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrella
kuekenthali, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix,
Cliona varians, Didiscus oxeata, Erylus formosus,
Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia
glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina,
Monanchora arbuscula, Polymastia janeirensis,
Spheciospongia vesparium, Stelletta anancora,
Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Verongula gigantea.
Abrolhos Region (including Abrolhos Archipelago, Parcel
dos Abrolhos, Parcel das Paredes, Timbebas Reef,
California Reef, etc.):
Aplysina alcicornis, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina
cristagallus, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,
Aplysina insularis, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina
lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Callyspongia
(Callyspongia) laboreli, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
vaginalis, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa,
Cliona celata complex, Dysidea janiae, Ircinia
strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Monanchora
arbuscula, Stelletta anasteria, Tethya brasiliana,
Tethya cyanae, Tethya ignis, Tethya rubra.
Off Abrolhos (including 17o42’S–37o30’W; 17o55’S–
37o30’W; 18o06’S–38o42’W; 18o09’S–38o20’W; 18o09’S–
38o30’W; 18.023oS–37.365oW; 18.059oS–37.315oW):
Acarnus toxeata, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,
Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,
Grantia kempfi, Guancha tetela, Hyattella cavernosa,
Leucandra armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucetta

floridana, Leucilla uter, Stelletta anancora,
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Açú da Torre:
Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides.
Barra (Grande River, Paramirim River):
Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula.
Off Belmonte (including 15o47’S–38o45’W; 15.828oS–
38.607oW; 16o02’S–38o28’05”W; 16.117oS–38.170oW):
Agelas schmidti, Agelas tubulata, Aiolochroia crassa,
Aplysina orthoreticulata, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,
Diplastrella megastellata, Grantia kempfi, Hyattella
cavernosa, Iotrochota birotulata, Leucilla uter,
Monanchora arbuscula.
Off Boipeba (including 20.402oS–39.923oW):
Agelas conifera, Agelas schmidti, Agelas tubulata,
Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa,
Hyattella cavernosa.
Camaçari (Guarajuba Beach):
Acanthotetilla walteri, Cinachyrella alloclada,
Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Yucatania
sphaeroidocladus.
Off Canavieiras (15.568oS–38.830oW):
Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa,
Geodia glariosa.
Casa Nova:
Heteromeyenia cristalina.
Hotspur Seamount (including 17.797oS–35.881oW;
17.800oS–35.875oW; 18.023oS–35.891oW):
Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Callyspongia
(Cladochalina) pergamentacea.
Off Ilhéus (14.808oS–38.917oW):
Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Hyattella
cavernosa.
Irecê (Jacaré River):
Racekiela cavernicola.
Itacaré:
Aplysina fulva.
Itaparica Island:
Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Craniella
quirimure, Geodia gibberosa.
Jaguaripe (13o02.857’S–038o48.857’W):
Craniella quirimure.
Maraú (including Camamu Bay; 13o58’S–038o59’W;
14o04’49”S–38o49’36”W):
Craniella quirimure, Thrombus kittoni.
Mata de São João (Praia do Forte):
Cliona celata complex.
Minerva Seamount (including 17.098oS–36.752oW;
17.042oS–37.608oW):
Agelas clathrodes, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina
lacunosa, Verongula gigantea.
List of Species by Locality
Nova Viçosa:
Aplysina fulva.
Porto Seguro and off Porto Seguro:
Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina lacunosa, Cliona
varians, Geodia glariosa.
Prado and off Prado (including Corumbau and
Cumuruxatiba districts):
Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina
fulva, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Clathria
(Clathria) calypso, Geodia glariosa.
Rodgers Seamount (including 17.066oS–36.808oW;
17.103oS–36.741oW):
Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Hyattella
cavernosa.
Royal Charlotte Seamount:
Aplysina pseudolacunosa.
Salvador (freshwater) (Parque do Abaeté):
Corvomeyenia thumi.
Salvador and off Salvador (marine) (including Todos
os Santos Bay; 12o56’S–38o33’W; 12o57.7’S–38o31.1’W;
13.054oS–38.422oW; 13.075oS–38.392oW; 13o17.580’S–
38o17.599’W):
Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina
cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina insularis,
Axinella corrugata, Axinella echidnaea,
Cacospongia amorpha, Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
pallida, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa,
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea,
Caminus sphaeroconia, Chelonaplysilla erecta,
Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella
alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrella
kuekenthali, Clathria (Thalysias) procera, Cliona
celata complex, Cliona delitrix, Cliona dioryssa,
Craniella carteri, Desmapsamma anchorata,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea
fragilis, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta, Erylus
formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,
Geodia glariosa, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona
(Soestella) melana, Hyattella cavernosa, Iotrochota
birotulata, Ircinia felix, Leiodermatium pfeifferae,
Lophocalyx reiswigi, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale
(Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina)
laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa,
Mycale (Mycale) laevis, Mycale (Zygomycale)
angulosa, Oceanapia fistulosa, Oceanapia nodosa,
Oceanapia putridosa, Petromica (Chaladesma)
ciocalyptoides, Phorbas plumosus, Placospongia
cristata, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Psammocinia
compacta, Psammoclema porosum, Raspailia
(Raspailia) tenuis, Samus anonymus, Scolopes
moseleyi, Spongia (Spongia) lobosa, Stelletta
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
anancora, Stelletta crassispicula, Stelletta kallitetilla,
Stelletta soteropolitana, Stylocordyla borealis,
Suberites aurantiacus, Sycettusa flamma, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Thrinacophora
funiformis, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Tribrachium
schmidtii, Verongula gigantea.
Off Santa Cruz de Cabrália (16o15’S–38o52’W):
Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Santo Antonio Seamount:
Aaptos bergmanni, Aplysina cauliformis, Phorbas
ramosus.
Sento Sé (São Francisco River, Sem-Sem Lake):
Oncosclera navicella.
Off Trancoso (including 16.786oS–37.686oW;
16o34’01.55”S–38o46’18.20”W):
Aplysina fulva.
Valença and off Valença (including Morro de São Paulo
district; 13o18’S–38o42’W; 13o28’S–38o50’W; 13o28’S–
38o48’W; 13o22.173’S–038o36.566’W):
Aplysina fulva, Dysidea fragilis, Forcepia (Forcepia)
trilabis, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror,
Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia ramosa, Mycale
(Mycale) quadripartita.
CEARÁ STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,
Heterorotula fistula, Radiospongilla amazonensis.
Locality not informed (marine):
Agelas dispar, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina
fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Erylus formosus, Geodia
corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Hippospongia
lachne, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta potiguar,
Sarcotragus fasciculatus.
Off Acaraú (02o04’S–40o13’W):
Leucetta floridana.
Off Beberibe (3o50.5598’S–37o37.6930’W):
Agelas dispar, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,
Erylus formosus.
Off Bitupitá (02o20’S–41o20’W):
Leucetta floridana.
Camocim (including ‘near’ and ‘off’ Camocim; 02o20’S–
40o47’W):
Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis,
Hippospongia lachne, Leucilla uter, Sarcotragus
fasciculatus.
Canoa Quebrada:
Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina
pseudolacunosa.
Canopus Seamount (02o15’S–38o15’W):
Leucetta floridana.
222
Off Caucaia (03o12’S–38o30’W):
Leucetta floridana.
Fortaleza and off Fortaleza (including 02o49’S–38o15’W;
03o34.399’S–038o22.840’W):
Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,
Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina cauliformis,
Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina
lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina muricyana,
Aplysina solangeae, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
vaginalis, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Cinachyrella
alloclada, Clathria (Clathria) prolifera,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ectyoplasia ferox, Geodia
corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Hyalonema
(Coscinonema) schmidti, Hyattella cavernosa,
Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana,
Monanchora arbuscula, Petromica (Chaladesma)
ciocalyptoides, Sarcotragus fasciculatus,
Sigmaxinella cearense, Topsentia ophiraphidites.
Off Itarema (including 02o10’S–39o50’W; 02o22’S–
39o36’W):
Clathrina atlantica, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra
armata, Leucetta floridana.
Trairi and off Trairi (including Flexeiras Beach;
02o52’05”S–38o49’W; 02o52’S–39o04’W):
Amphimedon viridis, Chondrilla nucula complex,
Echinodictyum dendroides, Leucetta floridana,
Placospongia intermedia, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
MARANHÃO STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Erylus alleni, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni,
Oceanapia nodosa, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis.
Off Araioses (02o12’00”S–41o48’00”W):
Erylus formosus, Ulosa longimycalostylifera.
Barreirinhas (da Pedra Pond, Vassouras Pond):
Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera.
Off Barreirinhas (including 01o55’00”S–42o44’00”W;
01o57’01”S–42o24’15”W; 01o57’01”S–42o23’15”W):
Agelas dispar, Oceanapia bartschi, Topsentia
ophiraphidites.
Off Cururupu (00o51’44”S–44o21’24”W):
Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon caribica, Neopetrosia
proxima.
Penalva (Pindarí River, Formoso Lake):
Heteromeyenia cristalina.
Santo Amaro do Maranhão (Lençóis Maranhenses, do
Pico Pond, Lagoinha, Cajueiro Pond):
Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyenia
thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla
variabilis.

Off São Luís (including 00o35’12”S–43o20’55”W; 00o56’S–
43o41’05”W; 01o51’00”S–43o48’00”W):
Agelas wiedenmayeri, Amphimedon caribica,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Haliclona
(Halichoclona) lernerae, Leucetta floridana,
Myrmekioderma rea, Neopetrosia proxima,
Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Niphates erecta,
Oceanapia bartschi, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi,
Timea bioxyasterina, Topsentia ophiraphidites,
Xestospongia muta.
Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o22’00”S–44o12’00”W;
00º03’N–44º32’W; 00o31’00”S–44o16’00”W):
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus alleni, Oceanapia
nodosa, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Topsentia
ophiraphidites.
Off Turiaçu (00o11’13”N–44o46’12”W; 00o20’38”S–
44 17’38”W; 00 20’50”N–45 00’06”W; 00 22’N–44 52’W;
o o o o o
00 27’03”N–45 34’85”W):
o o
Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon caribica,
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Neopetrosia
proxima, Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Niphates
erecta, Niphates lutea, Oceanapia bartschi,
Xestospongia muta.
Tutóia (freshwater) (Lençóis Maranhenses, da Coceira
Pond, Vidro Pond, Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Arpoador
Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond):
Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyenia
thumi, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Tutóia and off Tutóia (marine) (including 02o12’S–
42o25’W; off Parnaíba River Delta):
Agelas schmidti, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita,
Neopetrosia proxima.
PARAÍBA STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrilla nucula complex,
Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,
Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni, Monanchora
arbuscula, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Off João Pessoa (06o56’34”S–33o49’07”W; 07o08’S–
34o26’W):
Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter.
Off Pitimbu (including 7o29’S–34o30’W; 7o29’S–34o29’W;
07o29’00”S–34o45’00”W):
Aiolochroia crassa, Dysidea fragilis, Erylus
corneus, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni,
Grantessa anisactina, Leucilla uter, Lissodendoryx
(Anomodoryx) recife, Penares chelotropa,
Rhabdastrella virgula, Tethya japonica.
Off Rio Tinto (06o47’S–34o36’W):
List of Species by Locality
Leucetta floridana.
Sousa (Redonda Pond):
Corvospongilla volkmeri.
PERNAMBUCO STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrosia collectrix,
Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion,
Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Cliona celata complex,
Cliona varians, Erylus formosus, Euplectella
suberea, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,
Geodia glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia
strobilina, Placospongia carinata, Spheciospongia
vesparium, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’07”S–34o54’01”W;
08o16’02”S–34o51’07”W; 08o17’04”S–34o52’02”W;
08o19’09”S–34o53’05”W; 08o19’S–34o39’W; 08o20’S–
34o39’W):
Cinachyrella apion, Echinodictyum dendroides,
Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata, Leucetta
floridana, Leucilla uter, Tedania (Tedania) ignis,
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago:
Acarnus innominatus, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas
dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aka coralliphaga,
Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis,
Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
pergamentacea, Chondrilla nucula complex,
Chondrosia collectrix, Chondropsis arenifera,
Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea, Clathria
(Thalysias) minuta, Clathrina aurea, Cliona
carteri, Cliona varians, Craniella cranium,
Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, Dercitus (Stoeba)
latex, Desmanthus meandroides, Diplastrella
megastellata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea
etheria, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus alleni, Erylus
formosus, Gastrophanella cavernicola, Geodia
papyracea, Hymeniacidon perlevis, Igernella
notabilis, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia felix, Ircinia
strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla sacculata,
Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis,
Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,
Niphates amorpha, Niphates erecta, Petromica
(Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Petrosia (Petrosia)
weinbergi, Phorbas amaranthus, Plakinastrella
microspiculifera, Plakortis angulospiculatus,
Plakortis insularis, Ptilocaulis bistyla, Scopalina
ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Spongia (Spongia)
barbara, Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis, Spongia
(Spongia) pertusa, Suberites carnosus, Tethya
aurantium, Topsentia ophiraphidites,
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Vosmaeropsis sericatum, Xestospongia grayi,
Xestospongia muta.
Off Goiana (07o40’02”S–34o43’02”W; 07o40’S–34o28’07”W):
Grantia kempfi, Leucetta floridana.
Ipojuca:
Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis,
Tethya rubra.
Itamaracá Island and off Itamaracá (including 07o42’S–
34o46’05”W; 07o44’03”S–34o37’03”W; 07o45’S–34o33’W;
07o45’S–34o43’05”W; 07o45’S–34o46’08”W):
Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter.
Jaboatão dos Guararapes (Olho d’Água Lagoon):
Crella (Grayella) spinosa.
Off Olinda (08o00’S–34o32’03”W; 08o00’S–34o39’07”W;
08o00’S–34o46’W; 08o01’05”S–34o39’03”W):
Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana,
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Paulista and off Paulista (including Maria Farinha
Beach; 07o50’S–34o44’05”W):
Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona celata complex,
Echinodictyum dendroides, Leucilla uter,
Thrinacophora funiformis.
Off Porto de Galinhas (including 8o25’S–34o48’W; 8o28’S–
34o55’W):
Cornulum tylotum, Dysidea fragilis, Hyattella
cavernosa, Ircinia campana, Lissodendoryx
(Anomodoryx) recife, Placospongia cristata, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis.
Recife and off Recife (including 08o06’04”S–34o49’04”W;
08o09’03”S–34o49’03”W; 08o09’09”S–34o45’08”W;
08o10’04”S–34o45’05”W; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W; 08o11’S–
34o50’08”W; 08o14’01”S–34o51’05”W; 8o15’S–34o42’W;
08o16’01”S–34o19’09”W; 8o19’S–34o39’W; 8o22’S–34o44’W;
8o23’S–34o42’W):
Aaptos bergmanni, Acarnus radovani, Agelas
clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,
Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina
lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Ascaltis
poterium, Asteropus brasiliensis, Callyspongia
(Cladochalina) vaginalis, Cervicornia cuspidifera,
Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella
kuekenthali, Clathria (Microciona) calla, Clathria
(Wilsonella) nigra, Clathrina reticulum, Cliona
schmidti, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera,
Craniella corticata, Desmapsamma anchorata,
Dysidea etheria, Fasciospongia caliculata, Gelliodes
ramosa, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa,
Geodia papyracea, Geodia tylastra, Grantia
kempfi, Hippospongia lachne, Hyattella cavernosa,
Igernella notabilis, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia
pauciarenaria, Ircinia strobilina, Leucandra
224
armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucetta floridana,
Leucilla uter, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx)
isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale
(Carmia) microsigmatosa, Neopetrosia carbonaria,
Oceanapia nodulosa, Pione carpenteri, Placospongia
carinata, Plakina trilopha, Ptilocaulis bistyla,
Ptilocaulis braziliensis, Ptilocaulis fosteri,
Rhabdastrella fibrosa, Sarcotragus fasciculatus,
Scalarispongia cincta, Scolopes moseleyi, Scopalina
ruetzleri, Spheciospongia symbiotica, Spirastrella
hartmani, Stelletta anancora, Sycon frustulosum,
Sycon vigilans, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tethya
diploderma, Tethya rubra, Tethya seychellensis,
Timea mixta, Topsentia ophiraphidites,
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Off São José da Coroa Grande (08o56’02”S–35o02’07”W):
Leucetta floridana, Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Serinhaém:
Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva.
Tamandaré (including Ponta dos Carneiros):
Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia
crassa, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina cauliformis,
Aplysina fulva, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia
(Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Chondrilla
nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona
celata complex, Cliona varians, Desmapsamma
anchorata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ectyoplasia
ferox, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,
Geodia papyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana,
Ircinia strobilina, Monanchora arbuscula,
Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Niphates
amorpha, Placospongia intermedia, Plakortis
angulospiculatus, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella
hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Topsentia
ophiraphidites.
PIAUÍ STATE:
Locality not informed:
Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Agelas dispar, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,
Aplysina lacunosa, Erylus formosus, Geodia
gibberosa, Geodia papyracea, Hyattella cavernosa,
Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta
floridana, Leucilla uter, Scopalina ruetzleri, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis.
Atol das Rocas and surroundings (including 03o50’S–
33o54’W; 03o51’S–33o50’W):
Acanthotetilla rocasensis, Acarnus innominatus,

Acarnus radovani, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar,
Aiolochroia crassa, Amphimedon compressa,
Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina muricyana,
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Chondrilla
nucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix,
Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona varians, Dercitus
(Halinastra) luteus, Diplastrella megastellata,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea fragilis,
Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus formosus, Holoxea
violacea, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia
pauciarenaria, Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria,
Leucetta floridana, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,
Niphates erecta, Oceanapia nodosa, Petrosia
(Petrosia) weinbergi, Plakinastrella microspiculifera,
Plakortis insularis, Plakortis microrhabdifera,
Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Topsentia
ophiraphidites, Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W):
Grantia kempfi, Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta
floridana.
Extremoz:
Cinachyrella apion, Cliona varians.
Grande Seamount (3o28’0.00”S–36o06’05”W):
Clathrina atlantica, Leucaltis clathria, Vosmaeropsis
sericatum.
Off Icapuí (04o27’S–37o04’W):
Leucetta floridana.
Januário Cicco (Capão da Horta Pond):
Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyenia
thumi, Heterorotula fistula, Radiospongilla
amazonensis.
Natal and off Natal (including 05o45’05”S–34o58’05”W;
05o41’05”S–35o05’06”W):
Clathrina atlantica, Cliona celata complex, Geodia
papyracea, Leucetta floridana.
Nísia Floresta (Redonda Pond, Seca Pond):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli.
Parnamirim:
Cliona varians.
Potiguar Basin (including Guamaré Harbour; off Areia
Branca; off Porto do Mangue; off Macau; off Guamaré; off
Galinhos):
Acarnus nicoleae, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar,
Agelas schmidti, Agelas sventres, Aiolochroia
crassa, Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina
cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva,
Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Asteropus
niger, Biemna microacanthosigma, Callyspongia
(Callyspongia) fallax, Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
tenerrima, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis,
Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella
List of Species by Locality
alloclada, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Clathrina
aurea, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix,
Cliona varians, Desmapsamma anchorata, Didiscus
oxeata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Echinodictyum
dendroides, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus alleni,
Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia
gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia neptuni,
Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina,
Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra serrata, Leucascus
roseus, Leucetta floridana, Leucetta potiguar,
Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Zygomycale)
angulosa, Neopetrosia proxima, Niphates erecta,
Oceanapia bartschi, Oceanapia peltata, Paraleucilla
sphaerica, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides,
Phorbas amaranthus, Plakinastrella microspiculifera,
Plakortis angulospiculatus, Plakortis
microrhabdifera, Psammocinia compacta, Ptilocaulis
walpersi, Sigmaxinella cearense, Spheciospongia
vesparium, Spirastrella hartmani, Stelletta gigas,
Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Thorecta atlantica,
Topsentia ophiraphidites, Xestospongia muta.
Off Touros (04o41’S–35o24’05”W):
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO ARCHIPELAGO AND
SURROUNDINGS (including 00o94’S–025o29’W):
Aiolochroia crassa, Alectona mesatlantica,
Aplysina fulva, Asteropus niger, Chondrosia
collectrix, Clathria (Microciona) calla, Dercitus
(Halinastra) luteus, Dercitus (Stoeba) latex,
Didiscus oxeata, Discodermia dissoluta, Dysidea
etheria, Erylus latens, Geodia neptuni, Plakinastrella
microspiculifera, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella
hartmani, Stelletta gigas, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
SERGIPE STATE:
Off Barra dos Coqueiros (10o54’S–36o45’W):
Chondrilla nucula complex, Hyattella cavernosa,
Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia ramosa, Lissodendoryx
(Anomodoryx) tylota, Stelletta anancora, Plakortis
angulospiculatus.
Canindé do São Francisco:
Drulia cristata.
Off Pacatuba (including off the mouth of São Francisco
river; 10o46’S–036o02’W; 10o42’S–36o22’05”W; 10o42’07”S–
36o31’07”W):
Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana, Polymastia
corticata.
SOUTHEAST REGION
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
STATE NOT INFORMED (MARINE):
Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera
brasiliensis, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodia
gibberosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Oceanapia
nodosa, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri,
Tetilla radiata.
ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia
crassa, Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina cauliformis,
Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella
kuekenthali, Cliona varians, Erylus formosus,
Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia
glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina,
Stelletta anancora, Verongula gigantea.
Camburi:
Cliona celata complex, Geodia gibberosa,
Polymastia janeirensis.
Guarapari and off Guarapari (including Três Ilhas
Archipelago; 20 36’S–40 23’W; 20 40’S–40 30’W;
o o o o
20.633 S–40.025 W):
o o
Aaptos aaptos, Agelas dispar, Aplysina cauliformis,
Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrilla
nucula complex, Cliona celata complex,
Cliona varians, Darwinella australiensis,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus formosus,
Geodia corticostylifera, Hyattella cavernosa, Mycale
(Mycale) arenaria, Polymastia janeirensis.
Off Itaúnas (18.594oS–37.913oW; 18.663oS–37.870oW):
Acarnus toxeata, Agelas schmidti, Aplysina lacunosa.
Off Linhares (including off the mouth of Doce River;
19.272oS–38.019oW; 19.296oS–37.954oW, 19.520oS–
38.768oW; 19.527oS–38.768oW; 19.732oS–38.365oW):
Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyra
helena, Diplastrella megastellata, Hyattella
cavernosa, Timea cumana.
Off Marataízes (21o10’S–40o42’W; 21.165oS–40.329oW):
Cyamon vickersii.
Off Piúma (20.849oS–40.167oW):
Acarnus nicoleae, Agelas schmidti, Hyattella
cavernosa, Verongula gigantea.
Santa Cruz:
Amphimedon viridis, Geodia glariosa.
Off São Mateus (18o51’S–39o08’W):
Agelas dispar, Dysidea avara, Jaspis salvadori.
Trindade Island and surroundings (including 20.519oS–
29.351oW):
Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aka coralliphaga,
Chalinula molitba, Chondrilla nucula complex,
Chondrosia collectrix, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus
226
latens, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia
strobilina, Leucandra rudifera, Petrosia (Petrosia)
weinbergi, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Topsentia
ophiraphidites, Verongula gigantea.
Vila Velha:
Cliona varians.
Vitória and off Vitória (including 20o20’S–40o10’W;
20.402oS–39.923oW):
Agelas conifera, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina
lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Hyattella
cavernosa, Polymastia janeirensis, Verongula
gigantea.
Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (including Vitória
Bank; 20.706oS–35.457oW; 20.604oS–35.860oW; 20.511oS–
35.838oW; 20.483oS–36.100oW; 20.351oS–36.637oW;
19.813oS–37.943oW; 19.800oS–37.773oW; 20.673oS–
37.710oW; 20.857oS–33.643oW; 20.951oS–34.006oW;
20.676oS–34.589oW; 20.616oS–34.951oW; 20.614oS–
34.894oW; 20.704oS–35.704oW; 20.487oS–36.103oW;
20.347oS–36.642oW; 19.808oS–37.939oW; 20.857oS–
33.636oW; 20.678oS–34.584oW; 20o25’S–35o00’W;
20o32’S–35o46’W; 20o38’05”S–37o28’W; 20o40’S–37o48’W;
20º42’S–37º27’W):
Agelas clathrodes, Agelas conifera, Agelas dispar,
Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina
cauliformis, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina
pseudolacunosa, Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
coppingeri, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella
kuekenthali, Clathrina atlantica, Clathrina
reticulum, Cliona carteri, Euplectella suberea,
Grantia atlantica, Hyalonema (Cyliconema)
conqueror, Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei,
Hyattella cavernosa, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra
armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucandra crassior,
Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Lophocalyx
brasiliensis, Sycettusa pelagica, Verongula gigantea,
Vosmaeropsis sericatum.
MINAS GERAIS STATE:
Araguari (Paranaíba River):
Oncosclera navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla
paulula.
Cachoeira Dourada (Paranaíba River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,
Trochospongilla repens.
Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite
Pond, Olaria dos Datos Pond):
Dosilia pydanieli, Heterorotula fistula,
Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla variabilis.

João Pinheiro (spongillites; several ponds, including
Preguiça and Avião ponds):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,
Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla
variabilis.
Santa Vitória (Degredo Pond):
Metania spinata, Trochospongilla variabilis.
RIO DE JANEIRO STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater):
Spongilla alba.
Locality not informed (marine):
Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia
crassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva,
Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Sycon ampulla, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis, Tribrachium schmidtii.
Almirante Saldanha Seamount (including 22o22’56”S–
37o35’15”W; 22.376oS–37.659oW; 22.382oS–37.588oW):
Agelas conifera, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa,
Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina cauliformis,
Aplysina fulva, Cinachyrella kuekenthali,
Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus almirante, Erylus
fluminense, Erylus revizee.
Angra dos Reis (including Ilha Grande; Ilha Grande Bay):
Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis,
Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia
(Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta,
Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella
alloclada, Clathrina angraensis, Clathrina aspina,
Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera, Cliona
celata complex, Desmapsamma anchorata,
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria,
Geodia gibberosa, Haliclona (Soestella) melana,
Hyattella cavernosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila,
Leucandra serrata, Leucilla uter, Mycale
(Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila)
escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale
(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa,
Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa,
Paraleucilla magna, Paraleucilla perlucida,
Scopalina ruetzleri, Suberites aurantiacus, Suberites
caminatus, Suberites carnosus, Sycettusa hastifera,
Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tedania (Trachytedania)
spinata, Terpios fugax.
Armação dos Búzios:
Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Arenosclera
brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Chelonaplysilla
erecta, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria
(Microciona) campecheae, Clathrina aurea,
List of Species by Locality
Clathrina conifera, Cliona celata complex,
Cliona dioryssa, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae,
Dysidea robusta, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia
gibberosa, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,
Oceanapia nodosa, Petromica (Chaladesma)
ciocalyptoides, Polymastia janeirensis, Suberites
aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Terpios
fugax.
Arraial do Cabo (freshwater):
Heteromeyenia cristalina.
Arraial do Cabo (marine):
Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis,
Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera
brasiliensis, Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinella
corrugata, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida,
Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa,
Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex,
Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria (Microciona)
campecheae, Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Clathrina
ascandroides, Clathrina aspina, Clathrina aurea,
Clathrina brasiliensis, Clathrina conifera, Clathrina
cylindractina, Clathrina quadriradiata, Clathrina
tetractina, Cliona celata complex, Cliona dioryssa,
Darwinella gardineri, Dragmacidon reticulatum,
Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta,
Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Guitarra
sepia, Halichondria panicea, Hymeniacidon
heliophila, Leucandra rudifera, Leucascus
simplex, Leucilla uter, Leucosolenia arachnoides,
Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria,
Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa,
Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma)
ciocalyptoides, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina
ruetzleri, Sycettusa hastifera, Sycon ampulla,
Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Tedania (Tedania)
ignis.
Cabo Frio:
Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera brasiliensis, Polymastia
janeirensis.
Cabo de São Tomé:
Acarnus nicoleae, Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrina
brasiliensis, Sycon brasiliense, Tedania (Tedania)
brasiliensis, Vosmaeropsis levis.
Campos dos Goytacazes (freshwater) (Feia Lagoon):
Spongilla alba.
Campos dos Goytacazes (marine) and off Campos
dos Goytacazes (including 22o12’S–40o59’W; 22o21’S–
41o09’W):
Cliona raphida, Geodia corticostylifera, Polymastia
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
janeirensis, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae.
Campos Basin (including start 21o48.839’S–39o48.112’W,
end 21o45.433’S–39o48.857’W; start 22o30.727’S–
40o00.942’W, end 22o28.725’S–39o58.610’W; start
22o24.449’S–39o55.280’W, end 22o21.936’S–39o53.602’W):
Acanthella flagelliformis, Chonelasma choanoides,
Euplectella suberea, Eurete atlantica, Farrea occa,
Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror, Saccocalyx
pedunculatus.
Itacuruçá Island:
Chondrilla nucula complex, Paraleucilla magna.
Off Macaé (22.319oS–40.826oW):
Acarnus radovani.
Off Mangaratiba (24.365oS–43.602oW):
Aphrocallistes beatrix.
Off Maricá (23o06’S–42o50’W):
Suberites caminatus.
Niterói:
Hymeniacidon heliophila, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata,
Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna,
Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Parati:
Amphimedon viridis, Cinachyrella alloclada, Geodia
papyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Mycale
(Zygomycale) angulosa.
Quissamã (Feia Lagoon):
Spongilla alba.
Rio de Janeiro (freshwater) (Jacarepaguá):
Spongilla alba.
Rio de Janeiro (marine) (including Guanabara Bay and
coastal Islands):
Aplysilla rosea, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia
(Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chondrilla nucula
complex, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera,
Cliona celata complex, Dragmacidon reticulatum,
Dysidea etheria, Euryspongia rosea, Geodia
corticostylifera, Guitarra sepia, Hymeniacidon
heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale
(Carmia) microsigmatosa, Oceanapia nodosa,
Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma)
citrina, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri,
Suberites caminatus, Sycon vigilans, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Tethya maza, Tetilla
euplocamos, Tetilla radiata.
Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (21.517oS–40.300oW;
21.500oS–40.300oW):
Aiolochroia crassa, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita.
Sepetiba (including Sepetiba Bay):
Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata,
Leucandra serrata, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx)
228
isodictyalis, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa,
Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Paraleucilla magna,
Stelletta beae, Tetilla radiata.
Trindade:
Amphimedon viridis.
SÃO PAULO STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater):
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Eunapius
fragilis, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Locality not informed (marine):
Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Cliona celata
complex, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa,
Geodia glariosa, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Alcatrazes Archipelago:
Clathrina alcatraziensis, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina
conifera, Guitarra sepia, Leucascus roseus,
Paraleucilla magna, Sycon pentactinale, Tedania
(Tedania) brasiliensis.
Off Bertioga (24o07.637’S–45o51.895’W):
Halicometes minuta.
Brotas (Lagoa Dourada Reservoir, Jacaré Reservoir):
Metania spinata.
Off Cananéia (26o01.26’S–46o25.26’W):
Halicometes minuta.
Guarujá and off Guarujá (including 25o36.988’S–
045o13.571’W):
Desmacella annexa, Esperiopsis bathyalis, Mycale
(Zygomycale) angulosa, Raspailia (Raspaxilla)
phakellina, Rhabderemia besnardi, Rhabderemia
uruguaiensis.
Iguape (Ribeira do Iguape River):
Radiospongilla amazonensis.
Ilhabela and off Ilhabela (including 24o01’S–44o45’W;
24o06’S–45o29’W; 24o17.939’S–44o35.983’W; 24o43’S–
45o10’W; 25o11.005’S–044o56.6’W; 25o18.874’S–
44o52.516’W):
Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis,
Aplysina caissara, Aplysina cauliformis, Asteropus
brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia
(Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta,
Chondrilla nucula complex, Ciocalypta alba,
Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Clathrina
aurea, Clathrina tetractina, Cliona celata complex,
Cliona dioryssa, Desmacella annexa, Desmanthus
meandroides, Dragmaxia anomala, Dysidea
etheria, Erylus soesti, Geodia corticostylifera,
Guitarra sepia, Halichondria (Halichondria)
sulfurea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Halicometes
minuta, Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera,

Hymeniacidon heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula,
Mycale (Aegogropila) americana, Mycale
(Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina)
laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera,
Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale
(Naviculina) arcuiris, Mycale (Naviculina)
purpurata, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa,
Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis, Oceanapia
nodosa, Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla
magna, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Raspailia
(Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae, Raspailia (Raspaxilla)
phakellina, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Stelletta
beae, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Tedania
(Trachytedania) biraphidora, Tetilla radiata.
Off Ilha Comprida (26o01.26’S–046o25.26’W):
Halicometes minuta.
Itapura (Tietê River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis,
Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens,
Uruguaya corallioides.
Itirapina (Dourada Pond):
Metania spinata.
Off Peruíbe (25o57.39’S–045o34.25’W):
Characella pachastrelloides.
Pontal (Pardo River):
Trochospongilla repens.
Porto Ferreira:
Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli,
Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla variabilis.
São Carlos (Jacaré-Guaçu River, São Carlos Ecological
Park):
Radiospongilla amazonensis.
São Sebastião:
Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon erina,
Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina
caissara, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva,
Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata,
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla
erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella
alloclada, Clathria (Microciona) campecheae,
Clathrina aurea, Cliona celata complex, Cliona
dioryssa, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea
etheria, Dysidea janiae, Geodia corticostylifera,
Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia
papyracea, Halichondria (Halichondria)
cebimarensis, Halichondria (Halichondria)
migottea, Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea,
Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica, Haliclona
(Soestella) melana, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx)
isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale
List of Species by Locality
(Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila)
escarlatei, Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae,
Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale
(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris,
Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Myxilla (Myxilla)
mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa, Pachychalina
alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna, Petromica
(Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia janeirensis,
Scopalina ruetzleri, Stelletta beae, Suberites
aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax,
Tethya diploderma, Tethya maza, Tetilla radiata,
Timea authia.
Ubatuba and off Ubatuba (including 23o26’S–44o48’W;
23o43’S–44o57’W; 24o09.0’S–44o22.5’W; 24o20.844’S–
44o09.913’W):
Amphimedon viridis, Chondrilla nucula complex,
Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathrina conifera,
Dysidea etheria, Guancha blanca, Halichondria
(Halichondria) magniconulosa, Halicometes
minuta, Hymenancora tenuissima, Mycale
(Mycale) beatrizae, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa,
Pachastrella monilifera, Pachychalina alcaloidifera,
Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae, Suberites
caminatus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tedania
(Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni, Tetilla radiata.
SOUTH REGION:
PARANÁ STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater) (rivers Piquiri, Ivaí,
Paraná, and river not informed):
Corvospongilla seckti, Dosilia pydanieli, Drulia
brownii, Metania spinata, Oncosclera navicella,
Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Butiá (Jacuí River):
Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola,
Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla repens.
Campina da Lagoa (Piquiri River, Porto Bananeira):
Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera tonollii,
Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.
Carlópolis (Itararé River):
Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.
Foz do Iguaçu (Paraná River, Iguaçu Falls):
Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens.
Guaíra (rivers Paraná, Chororó, Ocoí, Passo Cuê,
Pinto, São João, São Francisco Falso, São Francisco
Verdadeiro, São Vicente):
Corvospongilla seckti, Oncosclera navicella,
Potamophloios guairensis, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Trochospongilla repens.
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Iretama (Formoso River):
Oncosclera navicella.
Prudentópolis:
Oncosclera jewelli.
Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel):
Chondrilla nucula complex, Mycale (Zygomycale)
angulosa, Tedania (Tedania) ignis.
Santa Helena (Paraná River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Radiospongilla amazonensis.
Santa Maria do Oeste (Piquiri River):
Oncosclera tonollii, Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis.
RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE:
Locality not informed (freshwater) (Uruguay Basin,
South Atlantic Basin, Caí River, Bom Jardim Stream, Delta
do Jacuí State Park, Gravataí River, Guaíba River, Jacuí
River):
Anheteromeyenia ornata, Corvospongilla seckti,
Drulia brownii, Ephydatia facunda, Eunapius
fragilis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella
iguazuensis, Oncosclera jewelli, Oncosclera
navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla
paulula, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Locality not informed (marine):
Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus alleni, Erylus
formosus.
Aratiba (Uruguai River):
Houssayella iguazuensis, Uruguaya corallioides.
Arroio do Tigre (Jacuí River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Houssayella iguazuensis,
Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola,
Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens.
Bagé (small pond near road to Fort Santa Tecla):
Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae.
Barra do Ribeiro (Guaíba River, das Capivaras pond,
flooded field between dunes):
Corvospongilla seckti, Houssayella iguazuensis,
Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
petricola, Racekiela sheilae, Trochospongilla minuta,
Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis,
Uruguaya corallioides.
Belém Novo:
Corvospongilla seckti.
Cambará do Sul (Tigre Preto River, Camisas River):
Corvomeyenia ephilithosa, Heteromeyenia cristali-
na, Heteromeyenia insignis.
Candelária:
Oncosclera petricola.
Candiota (Candiota stream):
Anheteromeyenia ornata.
230
Canoas (Caí River, Gravataí River):
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Eldorado do Sul (Jacuí River, Saco da Ponta do São
Roque):
Corvospongilla seckti, Radiospongilla amazonensis.
Farroupilha (Lake of Parque Santa Rita):
Eunapius fragilis.
General Câmara (Jacuí River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Eunapius fragilis, Houssayella
iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
petricola, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta,
Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens,
Uruguaya corallioides.
Guaíba (Guaíba River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina,
Houssayella iguazuensis, Metania reticulata,
Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla minuta.
Itati (Corneta Stream):
Heteromeyenia insignis.
Jaguari (Jaguari River):
Trochospongilla repens.
Montenegro (Caí River, Pond in Marrecas Farm, Bom
Jardim Stream, Pond near BR-386 road):
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Trochospongilla minuta.
Mostardas (freshwater) (Capão Comprido):
Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae.
Mostardas and off Mostardas (marine) (including
30o50’S–49o13’W; 31o02’S–49o37’W; 31o05’S–49o31’W;
31o14’S–49o35’W; 31o17’S–49o46’W; 31o20’S–48o40’W;
31o31’00”S–49o47’00”W):
Corallistes bispiraster, Corallistes typus,
Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus alleni, Erylus
diminutus, Erylus formosus, Gastrophanella
implexa, Geodia australis, Geodia riograndensis,
Jaspis johnstonii, Myrmekioderma rea, Siphonidium
ramosum, Stelletta ruetzleri, Vulcanella (Vulcanella)
cribrifera.
Nova Santa Rita (Caí River, Delta do Jacuí State Park):
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula,
Trochospongilla variabilis.
Nova Petrópolis (Caí River):
Anheteromeyenia ornata, Houssayella
iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
petricola, Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta,
Trochospongilla paulula.
Osório (Quadros Pond):

Eunapius fragilis.
Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos Gateados Pond, do
Casamento Pond):
Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda,
Eunapius fragilis, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla
variabilis.
Porto Alegre (Gravataí River, Guaíba River, Delta do Jacuí
State Park, Jacuí River, FZB Lake, Saco do Quilombo,
Saco do Ferraz, Pond at Santana Hill):
Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Corvospongilla
seckti, Eunapius fragilis, Heteromeyenia cristalina,
Heteromeyenia insignis, Houssayella iguazuensis,
Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella,
Oncosclera schubarti, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla
minuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla
repens, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Quinze de Novembro (Jacuí-Mirim River):
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla
paulula.
Rio Grande (freshwater) (Caí River, Jacuí River, Jacaré
Pond, Flores Pond, Nicola Pond, Sarita Pond, Negreiros
Stream, Banhado do Palmito, Pond in Caçapava Farm,
Taim Ecological Station):
Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia insignis,
Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla variabilis.
Rio Grande and off Rio Grande (marine) (including
32o00’S–50o00’W; 32o24’S–50o15’W; 32o41’S–51o39’W;
32o44’S–51o47’W):
Myrmekioderma rea, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis,
Spheciospongia vesparium, Stelletta hajdui, Stelletta
ruetzleri, Suberites caminatus.
Santa Maria (Ibicuí-Mirim River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina,
Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella,
Trochospongilla repens.
Santa Vitória do Palmar (freshwater) (Pond in
Caçapava Farm, Mangueira Pond):
Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia insignis.
Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (marine) (including
33o29’S–50o44’W; 34o00.00’S–051o47.00’W; 34o18.49’S–
052o02.76’W; 34o24.82’S–051o47.45’W):
Erylus diminutus, Geodia australis, Rhabderemia
uruguaiensis, Suberites caminatus.
Santana da Boa Vista (Moinho Stream):
Anheteromeyenia ornata.
São Francisco de Assis (Itú River, Itaqui):
Eunapius fragilis, Houssayella iguazuensis, Onco-
sclera petricola, Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya
corallioides.
List of Species by Locality
São Francisco de Paula (Tainhas River, Dom Pedro
Stream, Stream at Hampel Dam, Prof. Glich Stream,
Corneta Stream):
Heteromeyenia insignis, Oncosclera jewelli.
São Jerônimo (Caí River, Jacuí River):
Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina,
Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
petricola, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla
repens.
Off São José do Norte (32o24.55’S–50o14.85’W):
Geodia riograndensis.
São Lourenço do Sul (dos Patos Lake):
Ephydatia facunda.
São Vicente do Sul (rivers Ibicuí, Ibicuí-Mirim, Toropí,
Pond in Santa Fé Farm):
Drulia brownii, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Hous-
sayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trocho-
spongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta,
Trochospongilla paulula.
Soledade (Jacuí River):
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai.
Tapes (Butiazais, Pond C, das Capivaras Pond, Charutão
Pond, Redondo Pond):
Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda,
Racekiela sheilae, Radiospongilla amazonensis,
Trochospongilla variabilis.
Tavares (freshwater) (temporary pond):
Racekiela sheilae.
Tavares and off Tavares (marine) (31o16’S–49o45’W;
31o17’S–49o42’W; 31o20’S–48o40’W; 31o20’S–49o41’W;
31o20’S–49o52’W; 32o00’S–50o00’W):
Characella capitolii, Erylus diminutus, Erylus
toxiformis, Geodia splendida, Pachastrella
monilifera, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Stelletta
ruetzleri.
Torres (pond between dunes):
Heteromeyenia insignis.
Off Tramandaí (30o15’S–48o32’W; 30o20’S–48o37’W;
30o25’S–48o48’W):
Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus formosus,
Halicometes minuta.
Triunfo (Bom Jardim Stream, Caí River, Pond of
Delapieve Farm, Copesul Park of Environmental
Protection):
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Heteromeyenia insignis,
Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula,
Trochospongilla variabilis.
Uruguaiana (Uruguai River):
Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla minuta,
231
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides.
Viamão (Guaíba River, Negra Pond):
Corvospongilla seckti, Ephydatia facunda,
Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis,
Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera
petricola, Racekiela sheilae, Radiospongilla
amazonensis, Trochospongilla minuta,
Trochospongilla paulula, Uruguaya corallioides.
SANTA CATARINA STATE:
Locality not informed (marine):
Aplysina caissara, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia
(Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chalinula zeae,
Chondrilla nucula complex, Dragmacidon
reticulatum, Geodia splendida, Guitarra
sepia, Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris,
Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, Hymeniacidon
heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale
(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris,
Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia
janeirensis, Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis.
Arvoredo Island:
Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chalinula
zeae, Guitarra sepia, Monanchora arbuscula,
Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale
(Naviculina) arcuiris, Scopalina ruetzleri.
Off Barra Velha (26o34’S–47o22’W):
Suberites caminatus.
Blumenau (Itajaí River):
Heteromeyenia insignis, Trochospongilla repens.
Bombinhas (including Ilha da Galé; Ilha Deserta):
Aplysina caissara, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia
(Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Clathrina ascandroides,
Guitarra sepia, Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis,
Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus, Haliclona
(Haliclona) mammillaris, Haliclona (Reniera)
232
tubifera, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Mycale
(Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia)
microsigmatosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata,
Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia
janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Stelletta beae,
Suberites aurantiacus, Sycon vigilans, Tedania
(Tedania) ignis, Terpios manglaris.
Coral Island (27o56’00”S–48o32’30”W):
Ciocalypta alba, Raspailia (Raspaxilla)
bouryesnaultae.
Florianópolis (including Aranhas Island):
Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Darwinella
muelleri, Guancha blanca, Hymeniacidon
heliophila, Paraleucilla magna, Spongia
(Heterofibria) catarinensis, Sycon ampulla, Tetilla
euplocamos.
Garopaba:
Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa.
Imbituba:
Geodia glariosa.
Off Itajaí (27o28.700’S–047o09.660’W):
Rhabderemia itajai.
Off Jaguaruna (29o33.25’S–47o58.63’W):
Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata.
Off Laguna (including off Santa Marta Cape; 29o11.169’S–
47o54.167’W):
Erylus diminutus, Erylus soesti, Tedania
(Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni.
Penha:
Hymeniacidon heliophila.
Porto Belo (including João da Cunha Island):
Aplysina caissara, Chalinula zeae, Dragmacidon
reticulatum, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Stelletta
beae, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni, Tethya
diploderma.
Urubici (Pessegueiro River):
Heteromeyenia insignis.
 VII. TAXONOMIC INDEX
This index includes all the taxonomic levels from subspecies to phylum listed under the epigraphs ‘Taxonomic List’,
‘Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher’ and ‘Species Names Previously Reported from Brazil but no Longer
Accepted as Valid Records’. Currently accepted taxons that occur in Brazil are presented in bold letters; their synonymies,
unnaccepted names and type species that do not occur in Brazil are printed in plain font.
A aff. dystacta, Hymeniacidon ...............................................192
Aaptos ....................................................................... 71, 72, 184
aaptos, Aaptos...................................................................71, 72
aaptos, Ancorina ......................................................................71
abyssi, Corticium .....................................................................52
abyssi, Pachastrella ..................................................................51
abyssorum, Tethya cranium var. ............................................170
Acalle .................................................................... 110, 214, 216
Acamas ..................................................................................154
Acanthacarnus ............................................................... 145, 205
Acanthanchora .....................................................................184
Acanthella ................................................................ 89, 91, 184
Acanthodiscus ........................................................ 130, 131, 205
Acanthotetilla ..............................................................167, 184
Acanthotylotra .................................................................... 140
Acarnidae .............................................................................145
Acarnus ..............................................81, 82, 145, 146, 184, 205
Acervochalina ...................................................... 100, 184, 205
Acheliderma .........................................................................185
Aciculites ...............................................................................143
acuta, Acanthella .....................................................................91
Adocia ....................................................102, 106, 109, 184, 205
adriatica, Ancorina .................................................................71
aegagropila, Halichondria .....................................................154
aerophoba, Aplysina ..............................................................172
aff. aaptos, Aaptos ...............................................................184
aff. africana, Rhabderemia ................................. 150, 151, 197
aff. alloclada, Cinachyrella .................................................187
aff. americana, Mycale .................................................. 154, 194
aff. americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) ........................... 154, 194
aff. antrodes, Echinodictyum ..............................................193
aff. antrodes, Kieplitela .........................................................193
aff. apion, Cinachyrella ......................................................187
aff. arenaria, Mycale ..................................................... 156, 194
aff. australiensis, Leucilla ................................................. 26, 193
aff. beatrix, Aphrocallistes ..................................................185
aff. bermuda, Fibulia ............................................................190
aff. bermuda, Strongylacidon .............................................190
aff. cauliformis, Aplysina ............................................174, 185
aff. celata, Cliona ....................................................................65
aff. choanoides, Chonelasma ......................................... 181, 187
aff. clathrata, Monanchora .................................................194
aff. complanata, Amphimedon ...........................................184
aff. compressa, Amphimedon ........................................ 103, 184
aff. corrugata, Axinella .................................................89, 185
aff. diffusa, Callyspongia ....................................................186
aff. erecta, Chelonaplysilla ...........................................54, 187
aff. eusiphonia, Oceanapia .................................................195
aff. eusiphonia, Pellina ..........................................................195
aff. floridana, Leucetta ............................................................36
aff. formosus, Erylus ............................................................190
aff. fugax, Terpios ................................................................199
aff. heliophila, Hymeniacidon ......................................... 94, 192
aff. kuekenthali, Cinachyrella ............................................187
aff. magnirhaphidifera, Mycale .........................................194
aff. maza, Tethya .................................................................199
aff. melana, Artemisina .......................................................185
aff. melobesioides, Placospongia ........................................196
aff. nigra, Dysidea ...............................................................189
aff. nucula, Chondrilla .................................................... 53, 187
aff. oculata, Sarostegia ........................................................197
aff. ophiraphidites, Topsentia ............................................199
aff. pumilio, Desmacella .....................................................189
aff. reniformis, Chondrosia ................................................187
aff. stellifasciata, Timea ......................................................199
aff. subglobosus, Dactylocalyx ............................................188
aff. tubifera, Haliclona .......................................................191
aff. tubifera, Haliclona (Reniera) .......................................191
aff. undata, Dragmaxia ......................................................189
affinis, Clathria ....................................................................147
affinis, Clathria (Microciona) ...............................................147
affinis, Hymeraphia ..............................................................147
agariciformis, Thrinacophora .................................................89
Agelas .....................................................37, 38, 39, 40, 184, 205
Agelasida ................................................................................37
Agelasidae ..............................................................................37
agnani, Timea ............................................................... 148, 215
agujanum, Hyalonema (Prionema) .....................................179
Aiolochroia ............................171, 174, 184, 205, 209, 212, 216
Aka ..................................................................................80, 108
alba, Ciocalypta .............................................................92, 187
alba, Niphates ................................................................80, 105
alba, Spongilla .............................................................133, 214
alcaloidifera, Pachychalina .......................... 80, 106, 184, 195
alcatraziensis, Clathrina ......................................................32
alcicornis, Aplysina .............................................................172
Alcyonium ..................................................39, 64, 67, 72, 86, 96
Alectona ..................................................................................64
Alectonidae ............................................................................64
Alemo ......................................................................................87
alleni, Erylus ............................................................ 44, 75, 208
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Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
alloclada, Cinachyra ..................................................... 168, 206
alloclada, Cinachyrella ...............................................168, 206
almirante, Erylus ...................................................................44
alopecurus, Sycandra ....................................................... 31, 215
alopecurus, Sycum ...................................................................31
alvarengai, Acanthotylotra .................................................140
amaranthus, Pachychalina ....................................................163
amaranthus, Phorbas ..................................................163, 196
amazonensis, Radiospongilla ............... 81, 131, 132, 208, 212
amazonica, Trochospongilla .......................................133, 216
amazonica, Uruguaya ...........................................................133
amazonica, Uruguayella ............................................... 133, 216
americana, Mycale ..............................................................154
americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) ..............................154, 194
amorpha, Cacospongia ...................................................62, 77
amorpha, Niphates ..............................................................105
amorpha, Niphates digitalis forma .......................................105
Amorphinopsis ...............................................................92, 184
Amphidiscophora ...............................................................178
Amphidiscosida ...................................................................178
Amphilectus .........................................................................184
Amphimedon ................................................... 79, 80, 102, 103,
104, 106, 149, 184, 185, 209
amphora, Leucilla ...................................................................25
Amphoriscidae ......................................................................25
Amphoriscus ........................................25, 29, 36, 185, 205, 215
ampulla, Sycandra .......................................................... 31, 215
ampulla, Sycarium .......................................................... 31, 215
ampulla, Sycinula ...................................................................31
ampulla, Sycodendrum ...........................................................31
ampulla, Sycon ..............................................................31, 215
ampulla, Syconella .......................................................... 31, 215
ampullum, Sycon ....................................................................31
Anacanthaea ...........................................................................96
anancora, Myriastra ....................................................... 42, 211
anancora, Pilochrota ....................................................... 42, 211
anancora, Stelletta .................................... 42, 43, 74, 211, 214
anancora, Stelletta (Pilochrota) ...................................... 42, 214
anasteria, Stelletta ..........................................................42, 75
Anchinoe ....................................................................... 163, 205
anchorata, Desmapsamma .........................................162, 207
anchorata, Fibularia .............................................................162
Ancorina ................................................................................ 71
Ancorinidae ...................................................................40, 185
angraensis, Clathrina ............................................................32
angulosa, Mycale .........................................................154, 158
angulosa, Mycale (Aegogropila) .................................... 158, 210
angulosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) ......................... 158, 210, 216
angulosa, Pandaros ....................................................... 154, 158
angulosa, Spongia .................................................................152
angulosa, Zygomycale ...........................................................158
angulospiculatus, Plakortis ........................................141, 212
angulospiculatus, Suberites ...................................................141
anhelans, Halichondria .........................................................165
234
anhelans, Tedania ......................................................... 165, 215
Anheteromeyenia ......................................... 123, 131, 205, 212
anisactina, Grantessa ............................................................29
anisoxia, Penares .............................................................41, 74
Anisoxya ..................................................................................95
annae, Pheronema ................................................................179
annexa, Biemna ....................................................................152
annexa, Desmacella ............................................................152
annexa, Desmacella vagabundus var. ...................................152
annexa, Desmacodes vagabundus var. ..................................152
annexa, Sigmatoxella ............................................................152
annexa, Tylodesma ................................................................152
anomala, Dragmaxia ............................................................90
anomala, Hippospongia ..........................................................60
anonyma, Ephydatia ..................................................... 133, 208
anonyma, Meyenia ....................................................... 133, 210
anonyma, Samus ...................................................................171
anonyma, Trochospongilla ......................... 133, 208, 210, 215
anonyma, Tubella .......................................................... 133, 215
anonymus, Samus ................................................................171
Anthosigmella .................................................................. 66, 205
apertum, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) .....................................179
Aphrocallistes ....................................................... 179, 180, 185
Aphrocallistidae ..........................................................179, 180
Aphroceras ................................................................. 28, 30, 205
apion, Cinachyra ............................................................ 168, 206
apion, Cinachyrella .....................................................168, 206
Aplysilla ..........................................................................54, 185
Aplysina ..................................................84, 171, 172, 173, 174,
176, 177, 178, 185, 199, 200, 205, 213, 216
Aplysinidae ..................................................................171, 185
aprutina, Manzonia ............................................................182
aquaeductus, Reniera ............................................................101
arachnoides, Ascandra variabilis var. ......................................30
arachnoides, Leucosolenia ....................................................30
araminta, Densa ...................................................................106
arbuscula, Monanchora ........................ 83, 161, 194, 207, 210
arbusculum, Pandaros ...........................................................161
archeri, Aplysina ................................................... 176, 177, 205
arcuiris, Mycale ...................................................................157
arcuiris, Mycale (Naviculina) .............................................157
ardis, Ianthella .............................................................. 171, 209
arenaria, Mycale ..................................................................156
arenaria, Mycale (Mycale) .......................... 156, 157, 194, 210
arenifera, Chondropsis ........................................ 159, 206, 209
arenifera, Chondrosia ................................................... 159, 206
arenifera, Holopsamma ................................................. 159, 209
Arenochalina .........................................................................154
arenosa, Mycale ............................................................. 156, 210
arenosa, Mycale parasitica var. .............................................156
Arenosclera ............................................................... 79, 97, 185
argyrosperma, Spongilla .......................................................123
armata, Leucandra ........................................................27, 210
armata, Leuconia ............................................................ 27, 210

armigera, Callyspongia ................................................... 99, 206
armigera, Tuba ........................................................................98
armigera var. pergamentacea, Cladochalina .................. 99, 206
arndti, Ephydatia crateriformis forma ......................... 131, 208
arndti, Meyenia crateriformis forma .....................................131
Artemisina ............................................................ 146, 185, 205
Artynas ....................................................................................35
Ascaltis .............................................................................35, 36
Ascandra ............................................................................ 30, 34
ascandroides, Clathrina ........................................................32
Ascetta ....................................................................... 34, 36, 205
Ascometra ................................................................................34
aspera, Characella ................................................... 50, 76, 211
aspera, Poecillastra ..................................................................50
aspergillum, Euplectella .........................................................182
aspina, Clathrina ..................................................................32
Asteropus ........................................................ 40, 185, 192, 205
Astropeplus ............................................................................185
Astrophorida .................................................................40, 185
Astylinifer ..............................................................................185
atlantica, Amorphinopsis .............................................92, 184
atlantica, Clathrina ..............................................................32
atlantica, Eurete ............................................................84, 181
atlantica, Grantia ..................................................................27
atlantica, Leucosolenia ............................................................32
atlantica, Oceanapia ..................................................... 109, 211
atlantica, Thorecta .................................................. 63, 64, 199
atrasanguinea, Microciona ...................................................147
Auletta ..................................................................................185
Auloplegma .............................................................................34
Aulospongus .........................................................................185
aurantiaca, Laxosuberites ............................................... 72, 209
aurantiaca, Protosuberites .............................................. 72, 212
aurantiaca, Suberites ..............................................................72
aurantiaca, Terpios .................................................................72
aurantiacus, Protosuberites ............................................. 72, 212
aurantiacus, Suberites ......................................... 72, 209, 212
aurantium, Alcyonium ............................................................86
aurantium, Tethya ................................................. 86, 207, 215
aurea, Clathrina ....................................................................33
aurea, Darwinella ........................................................... 55, 207
australiana, Sigmaxinella .....................................................152
australiensis, Darwinella .....................................................55
australiensis, Leucilla ................................................ 25, 26, 210
australiensis, Wilsonella ........................................................148
australis, Corvoheteromeyenia ..........................................123
australis, Corvomeyenia ........................................................123
australis, Geodia ............................................................46, 208
australis var. fovea, Stelospongia........................................ 62, 63
australis var. levis, Stelospongia ...............................................63
authia, Timea ........................................................................88
avara, Dysidea .......................................................................56
avara, Spongelia ......................................................................56
Axinella .................................................. 89, 185, 186, 205, 215
Taxonomic Index
Axinellidae .....................................................................88, 186
Axociella ................................................................................147
Axos .......................................................................................104
Axynissa ...............................................................................186
Azorica .................................................................. 142, 205, 206
Azoricidae ............................................................................142
B
Badinskia ..............................................................................180
baileyi, Heteromeyenia ................................................. 129, 209
baileyi, Spongilla ........................................................... 127, 129
baileyi var. insignis, Heteromeyenia .............................. 129, 209
baileyi var. stepanowii, Heteromeyenia .................................128
barbadensis, Monanchora ............................................. 161, 210
barbara, Spongia ...................................................................61
barbara, Spongia (Spongia) ........................... 61, 62, 209, 213
barbata, Cinachyra ...............................................................168
barbata, Leucandra ................................................. 28, 29, 210
barbata, Leuconia ..................................................... 28, 29, 210
barbata, Medon .......................................................................28
bartschi, Inflatella ......................................................... 108, 209
bartschi, Oceanapia .............................................. 80, 108, 209
basiarenacea, Clathria (Thalysias) ...................... 82, 147, 212
basiarenacea, Rhaphidophlus ........................................ 147, 212
basiarenaria, Clathria (Thalysias) .......................................147
Basiectyon ...................................................................... 149, 206
batesii, Drulia ............................................................... 112, 207
batesii, Parmula ............................................................ 112, 211
batesii, Spongilla ...................................................................111
bathyalis, Esperiopsis ..................................................152, 190
bathybia var. mascarenica, Leucaltis .......................................35
Batzella .................................................................................186
beae, Stelletta ........................................................ 42, 211, 214
beatrix, Aphrocallistes ................................................179, 180
beatrix, Iphiteon ....................................................................180
beatrix orientalis, Aphrocallistes ............................................180
beatrizae, Mycale .................................................................157
beatrizae, Mycale (Mycale) .................................................156
beatrizae, Tethya ....................................................................86
Becksiidae ............................................................................182
belindae, Terpios ....................................................................85
bergmanni, Aaptos ................................................................72
besnardi, Rhabderemia .......................................................150
bicladotylota, Acarnus ...........................................................145
biclavata, Coelosphaera ......................................................159
biclavata, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ...........................159
biclavata, Polymastia ............................................................159
Biemna ................................................................. 151, 152, 186
bilamellata, Spongia .............................................................148
bioxyasterina, Timea .............................................................88
biraphidora, Tedania (Trachytedania) ......................167, 215
biraphidora, Trachytedania .......................................... 167, 215
birotulata, Halichondria .......................................................163
birotulata, Iotrochota .................................................163, 209
235
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
bispiraster, Corallistes .........................................................142
bistellata, Diplastrella ..........................................................70
bistellata, Tethya .....................................................................70
bistyla, Ptilocaulis ................................................. 91, 198, 214
bistyla, Stylaxinella ......................................................... 91, 214
bistylata, Iotrochota ...................................................... 163, 209
blanca, Ascetta ................................................................. 34, 205
blanca, Clathrina ............................................................ 34, 206
blanca, Guancha .................................................... 34, 205, 206
blanca, Leucosolenia ................................................................34
bocagei, Aphrocallistes ...........................................................180
boehmi, Corvospongilla ................................................. 124, 207
bohmii, Corvospongilla ................................................. 124, 207
Bolosominae ........................................................................182
boreale, Hyalonema ................................................................71
borealis, Hyalonema ................................................................71
borealis, Stylocordyla .............................................. 71, 78, 214
botryoides, Spongia .................................................................30
bouryesnaultae, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) .............. 83, 149, 212
brasiliana, Tethya ..................................................................86
brasiliense, Sycon ...................................................................31
brasiliensis, Arenosclera ..................................................79, 97
brasiliensis, Asteropus ...................................................40, 205
brasiliensis, Clathrina ...................................................33, 206
brasiliensis, Lophocalyx ......................................................183
brasiliensis, Sterrastrolepis ................................. 121, 122, 214
brasiliensis, Stratospongilla ................................... 121, 122, 214
brasiliensis, Tedania ............................................................165
brasiliensis, Tedania (Tedania) ..........................................165
braziliense, Sycon ....................................................................31
braziliensis, Halichondria ....................................... 95, 191, 208
braziliensis, Ptilocaulis .................................. 78, 91, 198, 214
braziliensis, Stylaxinella .................................................. 91, 214
braziliensis, Stylinos ........................................................ 91, 214
bresiliana, Spongia .......................................................... 60, 213
brownii, Drulia .............................111, 112, 114, 207, 211, 214
brownii, Parmula .......................................................... 112, 211
brownii, Spongilla ......................................................... 111, 214
brownii var. rusbyi, Drulia ...................................................112
brownii var. rusbyi, Parmula ...............................................112
brownii var. tuberculata, Drulia ............................................112
brownii var. tuberculata, Parmula ................................ 112, 211
Bubaris ...........................................................................91, 186
bucklandi, Halina ...................................................................50
C carnosa, Halichondria .............................................................85
Cacospongia ..........................................59, 62, 63, 77, 186, 206
caecilia, Mycale .....................................................................154
caissara, Aplysina ........................................................172, 174
Calcarea ..........................................................................25, 186
Calcaronea .....................................................................25, 186
Calcinea ..........................................................................32, 186
caliculata, Fasciospongia ......................................................63
caliculata, Pachastrella ............................................................51
236
caliculata, Stelospongia ...........................................................63
calla, Axociella ......................................................................147
calla, Clathria ......................................................................147
calla, Clathria (Microciona) ...............................................147
calla, Microciona ...................................................................147
Callyspongia ................................79, 97, 98, 99, 100, 186, 199,
206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 215
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ................................... 79, 97, 98,
186, 206, 208
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ................................. 98, 99, 100,
206, 207, 209, 211
Callyspongia (Spinosella) ........................................................99
Callyspongia (Toxochalina) ........................ 100, 199, 206, 215
Callyspongiidae .............................................................97, 186
calypso, Clathria ..................................................................146
calypso, Clathria (Clathria) .........................................82, 146
camera, Dendrilla ................................................................. 197
caminatus, Suberites .............................................................72
Caminus ...........................................................................44, 75
caminus, Aphroceras ....................................................... 28, 205
caminus, Leuconia .......................................................... 28, 210
caminus var. crassior, Aphroceras .................................... 28, 205
campana, Hircinia ..................................................................58
campana, Hircinia (Sarcotragus) ...........................................58
campana, Ircinia ...................................................................58
campana, Spongia ...................................................................58
campecheae, Clathria ..........................................................147
campecheae, Clathria (Microciona) ..................................147
cana, Dysidea ........................................................................207
cana var. cincta, Spongelia ....................................................213
capensis, Verongia ..................................................................216
capewelli, Spongilla ...............................................................129
capitolii, Characella ..............................................................50
carbonaria, Adocia ................................................ 102, 106, 205
carbonaria, Neopetrosia ..................................... 102, 106, 205
carbonaria, Pellina ................................................................106
carbonaria, Spongia ..............................................................106
carbonaria, Xestospongia ......................................................106
careyi, Nubicaulus .................................................................182
caribica, Amphimedon ........................................................102
caribica, Cribrochalina .........................................................102
carinata, Geodia ......................................................................67
carinata, Placospongia ...................................................67, 68
carmabi, Reniera ...................................................................100
Carmia .......................................................................... 155, 206
carnosus, Suberites ........................................................85, 215
carpenteri, Cliona ........................................................... 67, 206
carpenteri, Holtenia ..............................................................179
carpenteri, Pheronema ........................................................179
carpenteri, Pione ............................................................67, 206
carteri, Acarnus .....................................................................145
carteri, Cliona .................................................. 64, 65, 207, 216
carteri, Cliona viridis var. ............................................... 64, 207

carteri, Craniella ...........................................................84, 169
carteri, Spongilla ...................................................................127
carteri, Vioa ..................................................................... 64, 216
Carteriospongia ...................................................................196
cartilaginea var. horrida, Hircinia ........................................154
caruncula, Hymeniacidon .......................................................94
carvalhoi, Saturnospongilla ...............................................132
catarinensis, Haliclona .......................................................101
catarinensis, Haliclona (Haliclona) ..................................101
catarinensis, Spongia (Heterofibria) ...................................61
cauliformis, Aplysina ..................................................173, 216
cauliformis, Luffaria ..............................................................173
cauliformis, Verongia .................................................... 173, 216
cavernicola, Gastrophanella ................................. 81, 143, 190
cavernicola, Racekiela .........................................................131
cavernosa, Hyattella ...................................... 60, 209, 213, 214
cavernosa, Spongia ..................................................................60
cearense, Sigmaxinella ..................................................83, 152
cebimarensis, Halichondria ..................................................93
cebimarensis, Halichondria (Halichondria) .................79, 93
celata complex, Cliona .................................................65, 188
celata, Cliona .................................................................... 64, 65
celata, Hymeniacidon .............................................................65
cerebrum, Clathrina ........................................................ 33, 206
Cervicornia ............................................................ 64, 186, 213
cf. agglutinans, Polymastia ................................................196
cf. anancora, Stelletta ..............................................................42
cf. barbadensis, Monanchora ........................................ 161, 194
cf. bioxyasterina, Timea .....................................................199
cf. camera, Psammaplysilla sp. ...........................................197
cf. celata, Cliona .............................................................. 65, 188
cf. corrugata, Axinella ..................................................... 89, 185
cf. delitrix, Cliona ...............................................................188
cf. formosus, Erylus ........................................................ 46, 190
cf. fulva, Aplysina .................................................................185
cf. hastifera, Sycettusa ..................................................... 29, 198
cf. intermedia, Placospongia ..............................................196
cf. janiae, Dysidea ................................................................190
cf. lactuca, Aplysina ...................................................... 176, 185
cf. madeirensis, Perissinella sp. ..........................................196
cf. mastoidea, Penares sp. ....................................................196
cf. maza, Tethya sp. ................................................................ 87
cf. nucula, Chondrilla ..................................................... 53, 187
cf. papyracea, Geodia ...................................................... 49, 190
cf. tenuis, Raspailia ...............................................................149
cf. turgida, Fasciospongia sp. .............................................190
cf. venosa, Clathria (Thalysias) ..........................................188
cf. viscosa, Darwinella ..........................................................189
Chalina .......................................................97, 99, 103, 186, 206
Chalinidae ...................................................................100, 186
Chalinopsis ........................................................................ 37, 38
Chalinula ............................................. 100, 101, 186, 205, 209
Characella ........................................................ 50, 76, 211, 212
Chelonaplysilla ..............................................................54, 187
Taxonomic Index
chelotropa, Penares .........................................................41, 74
chevreuxi, Biemna .................................................................152
chilensis, Crellomyxilla .................................................. 164, 207
chilensis, Ectyomyxilla ..........................................................164
chilensis, Myxilla .................................................................164
chilensis, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ...............................164, 207
choanoides, Chonelasma ............................................181, 187
choanoides, Chonelasma lamella ..........................................181
Chondrilla .................................................. 52, 53, 71, 187, 206
Chondrillidae ........................................................................52
Chondrillina .................................................................... 71, 206
Chondropsidae ....................................................................159
Chondropsis ......................................................... 159, 206, 209
Chondrosia ............................................... 53, 54, 159, 187, 206
Chondrosida ..........................................................................52
Chonelasma .................................................................181, 187
Chonelasmatinae .................................................................181
chrysalis, Amphoriscus ............................................................25
chrysalis, Ute ...........................................................................25
Cinachyra ............................................. 167, 168, 169, 187, 206
cinachyra, Trachygellius ........................................................168
Cinachyrella ................................................. 168, 169, 187, 206
cincta, Cacospongia ......................................................... 63, 206
cincta, Spongelia cana var. ....................................................213
cincta, Scalarispongia ............................................. 63, 77, 206
Ciocalapata ..........................................................................187
Ciocalypta ......................................................................92, 187
ciocalyptoides, Monanthus ......................................................95
ciocalyptoides, Petromica .....................................................95
ciocalyptoides, Petromica (Chaladesma) ............................95
citrina, Mycale (Aegogropila) ...............................................154
citrina, Petromica ..........................................................95, 196
citrina, Petromica (Chaladesma) ........................... 79, 95, 208
Cladochalina ................................................................... 99, 206
Cladothenea .........................................................................187
clathrata, Hircinia ...................................................................60
clathrata, Monanchora .........................................................161
Clathria ...........................82, 146, 147, 148, 188, 210, 211, 212
Clathria (Clathria) ................................................ 82, 146, 210
Clathria (Microciona) .........................................................147
Clathria (Thalysias) .............................. 82, 147, 148, 188, 212
Clathria (Wilsonella) .................................... 82, 148, 211, 212
clathria, Artynas ......................................................................35
clathria, Leucaltis ..................................................................35
Clathrina .........................................32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 188, 206
Clathrinida .............................................................................32
Clathrinidae ...........................................................................32
clathrodes, Agelas ..................................................................37
clathrodes, Chalinopsis ............................................................37
clathrus, Grantia .....................................................................32
clavatus, Erylus ........................................................................45
clavus, Yucatania .....................................................................52
cliftoni, Naviculina ................................................................157
Cliona .............. 64, 65, 66, 67, 77, 188, 205, 206, 207, 213, 216
237
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Clionaidae ......................................................................64, 188
Clionidae ..............................................................................188
Clistolynthus ...........................................................................34
coccinea, Spirastrella .......................................................70, 71
coccinea, Thalysias ............................................................ 70, 71
Coelosphaera ........................................................................159
Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) .....................................159, 208
Coelosphaeridae ..........................................................159, 188
collectrix, Cellulophana ...........................................................53
collectrix, Chondrosia ...................................................53, 187
colonensis, Forcepia ...............................................................160
columbia, Trypespongia ..........................................................60
compacta, Cacospongia ................................................... 59, 206
compacta, Hircinia .......................................................... 59, 209
compacta, Ircinia ............................................................. 59, 209
compacta, Psammocinia ................................. 59, 77, 206, 209
complanata, Amphimedon .................................................103
complanata, Haliclona (Amphimedon) ................................103
complanata, Spongia .............................................................103
compressa, Amphimedon ...................... 79, 102, 103, 184, 185
compressa, Aplysina ..............................................................178
compressa, Clathria ...............................................................146
compressa, Fasciospongia ......................................................178
compressa, Haliclona (Amphimedon) ...................................103
compressa, Spongia .................................................................27
conifera, Agelas ......................................................................38
conifera, Chalinopsis ...............................................................38
conifera, Clathrina ........................................................33, 206
conifera, Drulia ...................................................................113
connexiva, Phakellia .....................................................90, 211
connexiva, Phakellia ventilabrum var. ............................ 90, 211
conqueror, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) ................................179
coocki var. ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata ................. 62, 213
copiosa, Plakinastrella ...........................................................140
Coppatias .................................................................................41
coppingeri, Callyspongia ......................................................97
coppingeri, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ............ 97, 206, 208
coppingeri, Chalina ......................................................... 97, 206
coppingeri, Haliclona ...................................................... 97, 208
corallioides, Drulia ........................................................ 122, 207
corallioides, Spongilla .................................................... 122, 214
corallioides, Stratospongilla ...................................................122
corallioides, Uruguaya .................122, 123, 139, 207, 214, 216
coralliphaga, Aka ..........................................................80, 108
coralliphagum, Siphonodictyon ............................................108
Corallistes ..................................................... 142, 143, 188, 207
Corallistidae ........................................................................142
coralloides, Rhabderemia ......................................................151
corlosiformis, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. .....................62
corneus, Erylus .......................................................................45
Cornulum ............................................................... 82, 146, 205
corrugata, Acanthella ..............................................................89
corrugata, Axinella ............................................... 89, 185, 215
corrugata, Teichaxinella .................................................. 89, 215
238
corticata, Craniella ............................................... 84, 169, 215
corticata, Polymastia ............................................................69
corticata, Trachygellius .................................................. 169, 215
Corticium ................................................................................52
corticostylifera, Geodia ..................................... 47, 48, 75, 208
Corvoheteromeyenia ........................................... 123, 124, 207
Corvomeyenia ...............................111, 117, 123, 124, 207, 216
Corvospongilla ............................................. 124, 125, 188, 207
Coscinospongia .............................................................. 143, 207
Crambeidae ..........................................................................161
Craniella ................................................. 84, 169, 170, 188, 215
cranium, Craniella ......................................................170, 215
cranium, Tethya ............................................................ 170, 215
cranium, Tetilla ............................................................. 170, 215
cranium var. abyssorum, Tethya ...........................................170
cranium var. infrequens, Tethya ............................................170
crassa, Aiolochroia .......................171, 174, 205, 209, 212, 216
crassa, Aplysina .....................................................................171
crassa, Dendrospongia ...........................................................171
crassa, Pseudoceratina ................................................... 171, 212
crassa, Verongia .....................................................................171
crassiloba, Chalina ................................................................103
crassiloba, Spongia ................................................................103
crassior, Aphroceras caminus var. ................................... 28, 205
crassior, Leucandra ............................................... 28, 205, 210
crassispicula, Pilochrota .................................................. 43, 212
crassispicula, Stelletta ...................................................43, 211
cratera, Latrunculia ..............................................................144
crateriformis, Ephydatia ............................................... 131, 208
crateriformis forma arndti, Ephydatia ..........................131, 208
crateriformis forma arndti, Meyenia .....................................131
crateriformis paranensis, Ephydatia ............................131, 208
crateriformis, Radiospongilla ................................ 131, 132, 212
Crella .............................................................. 84, 162, 188, 207
Crella (Grayella) .................................................... 84, 162, 207
Crellidae ...............................................................................162
Crellomyxilla ................................................................. 164, 207
Crelloxea ........................................................................ 162, 207
Cribrella ................................................................................162
cribrifera, Sphinctrella .................................................... 52, 213
cribrifera, Vulcanella ............................................................52
cribrifera, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ..............................52, 213
cristagallus, Aplysina ..........................................................173
cristalina, Heteromeyenia .................................. 127, 128, 209
cristata, Drulia ............................................................113, 211
cristata, Parmula ........................................................... 113, 211
cristata, Placospongia ............................................... 68, 69, 78
cristata, Spongia (Heterofibria) ...............................................61
crosslandi, Leucandra ...................................................28, 210
crosslandi, Leuconia ........................................................ 28, 210
ctenosclera, Drulia ..............................................................114
cucumer, Euplectella .............................................................181
cucumis, Leucandra .................................................................26
cumana, Timea ......................................................................88

cunctatrix, Spirastrella ............................................. 70, 71, 213
curacaoensis, Haliclona ......................................................102
curaçaoensis, Haliclona .........................................................102
curacaoensis, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ................................102
curaçaoensis, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ...................................102
curaçaoensis, Reniera ............................................................102
cuspidifera, Cervicornia ...............................................64, 213
cuspidifera, Cliona ...................................................................64
cuspidifera, Spheciospongia .....................................................64
cuspidifera, Spirastrella ................................................... 64, 213
cuspidiferum, Alcyonium ........................................................64
Cyamon ................................................................ 148, 188, 215
Cyamoninae .........................................................................148
cyanae, Tethya .......................................................................86
cyathophora, Grayella ...........................................................162
Cydonium ......................................................... 46, 48, 188, 207
cylindractina, Clathrina .......................................................33
D doellojuradoi, Mycale (Mycale) .............................................157
Dactylocalycidae .................................................................180
Dactylocalyx ........................................................ 144, 180, 188
Dactylochalina .......................................................................100
Darwinella ............................................................. 55, 189, 207
Darwinellidae ........................................................................54
Darwinia ......................................................................... 55, 207
Dasychalina .....................................................................98, 207
delicata, Trochospongilla .................................... 134, 135, 136
delitrix, Cliona ......................................................................65
Demospongiae ...............................................................37, 189
Dendrilla ...............................................................................197
Dendroceratida .....................................................................54
dendroides, Echinodictyum .......................... 82, 148, 190, 195
Dendrospongia ......................................................................171
dendyi, Desmacidon ..............................................................160
Densa ....................................................................................106
Dercitopsis .............................................................................141
Dercitus .................................................... 50, 51, 198, 211, 214
Dercitus (Halinastra) ....................................................51, 211
Dercitus (Stoeba) ................................................... 51, 198, 214
Desmacella ........................................................... 151, 152, 189
Desmacellidae ..............................................................151, 189
Desmacididae ......................................................................162
Desmacidon ....................................100, 109, 151, 160, 162, 207
Desmacodes ............................................................................152
Desmanthidae ..............................................................143, 189
Desmanthus .................................................................143, 189
Desmapsamma .................................................... 162, 189, 207
Desmoxyidae .................................................................. 96, 189
dickinsoni, Ircinia ...................................................................58
Dictyoceratida .......................................................................56
Dictyocylindrus .....................................................................148
Dictyodendrillidae ................................................................55
Dictyonella ............................................................. 92, 189, 207
Dictyonellidae ...............................................................91, 189
Taxonomic Index
Didiscus .................................................................... 79, 96, 189
digitalis forma amorpha, Niphates .......................................105
digitata, Reniera ....................................................................165
diminutus, Erylus ..........................................................45, 208
Diplacodium .........................................................................180
Diplastrella ......................................................................70, 78
diploderma, Tethya ......................................................... 86, 87
diprosopia, Haliclona ............................................................107
Discodermia .........................................................................144
dispar, Agelas ........................................................... 37, 38, 205
dissoluta, Discodermia ........................................................144
distinctus, Coppatias ................................................................41
ditelliformis, Spongia (Spongia) ..................................62, 213
ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata .................................. 62, 213
ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ................ 62, 213
diversisigmata, Mycale ........................................................158
diversisigmata, Mycale (Aegogropila) ....................................158
diversisigmata, Mycale (Naviculina) .................................158
domuncula, Alcyonium ...........................................................72
Donatia ..................................................................... 86, 87, 207
Dosilia .................................................................. 125, 126, 210
Dragmacidon ....................................89, 90, 189, 205, 207, 212
Dragmaxia .....................................................................90, 189
Drulia .................... 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 122, 207, 211, 214
dubia, Dysidea ......................................................................207
dubia var. mollior, Spongelia .................................................213
dufresnei, Hyalonema (Prionema) ....................................179
dura, Hippospongia .................................................................60
dura, Reniera .........................................................................107
dioryssa, Cliona .....................................................................66
dioryssa, Spirastrella ...............................................................66
Dysidea ........................................56, 57, 76, 189, 190, 207, 213
Dysideidae ......................................................................56, 189
Dyssycus ..................................................................................36
E
echidnaea, Axinella ...............................................................89
echina, Polyfibrospongia ..........................................................63
Echinoclathria ....................................................... 162, 192, 207
Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) ............................. 162, 192, 207
Echinodictinae .....................................................................148
Echinodictyum ....................................... 82, 148, 190, 193, 195
Echinonema ..........................................................................148
Echinostylinos ........................................ 83, 161, 162, 190, 207
Ecionemia .............................................................................190
Ectoforcepia ................................................................... 160, 207
Ectyomyxilla .................................................................. 164, 207
Ectyoplasia ...................................................................149, 190
egedii, Sycinula ........................................................................27
elegans, Cribrella ...................................................................162
elegans, Raspailia .......................................................... 149, 212
elegans, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ..................................... 149, 212
elegans, Raspaxilla ........................................................ 149, 212
239
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
eosaster, Cydonium .................................................................46
eosaster, Geodia ............................................................... 46, 208
Ephydatia ............................................. 126, 131, 133, 208, 210
epilithosa, Corvomeyenia ...................................................111
Epipolasis .................................................................................96
equina, Hippospongia ..................................................... 61, 209
equina, Spongia .......................................................................60
equina var. meandriniformis, Hippospongia ................. 61, 209
equina var. meandriniformis, Spongia ............................ 61, 213
erecta, Chelonaplysilla ....................................................54, 55
erecta, Niphates ................................................... 104, 105, 195
erectus, Megalospastas..............................................................54
erina, Amphimedon .............................................. 80, 103, 209
erina, Haliclona ............................................................ 103, 209
erinaceus, Spongilla ...............................................................133
Erylus .....................................................44, 45, 46, 75, 190, 208
escarlatei, Mycale ................................................................154
escarlatei, Mycale (Aegogropila) ........................................154
Esperella .................................................154, 155, 156, 157, 208
Esperia ...................................................................................157
Esperiopsidae ......................................................................152
Esperiopsis ............................................................ 152, 160, 190
estevoui, Aphrocallistes .......................................................180
etheria, Dysidea ...............................................................56, 76
Eunapius .......................................................................127, 190
Euplectella ....................................................................181, 182
Euplectellidae ......................................................................182
Euplectellinae ......................................................................182
euplocamos, Tetilla ..............................................................170
euplocamus, Tetilla ................................................................170
Eurete ..............................................................................84, 181
Euretidae ......................................................................181, 190
Euretinae ..............................................................................181
Euryades ..................................................................................55
Eurypon ................................................................................190
Euryspongia .....................................................................57, 76
Euspongia ................................................................ 62, 190, 208
everetti, Meyenia ...................................................................111
excavans, Amorphinopsis .........................................................92
exemplum var. tertia, Thorecta ................................................63
exostotica, Pachastrella ............................................................51
F floridana, Leucetta ........................................................36, 210
facunda, Ephydatia ............................................. 126, 208, 210
facunda, Meyenia .......................................................... 126, 210
fallax, Callyspongia ...............................................................97
fallax, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ..............................97, 98
fallax, Callyspongia fallax forma ............................................98
Farrea ...........................................................................181, 190
Farreidae ..............................................................................181
fascicularis, Ircinia .......................................................... 60, 209
fasciculata, Hircinia ................................................................60
fasciculata, Ircinia ........................................................... 60, 209
fasciculata, Spongia ........................................................... 58, 60
240
fasciculatus, Sarcotragus ..............................................60, 209
Fasciospongia ......................................................... 63, 178, 190
fecunda, Ephydatia ...............................................................126
felix, Ircinia ......................................................................58, 60
felix, Polytherses ......................................................................58
fenestrata, Thenea .................................................................51
fenestrata, Tisiphonia ..............................................................51
ferox, Amphimedon ................................................................149
ferox, Ectyoplasia..................................................................149
ferox surgens, Ectyoplasia .......................................................149
fibrosa, Callyspongia .............................................................98
fibrosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .................. 98, 207, 211
fibrosa, Dasychalina ........................................................ 98, 207
fibrosa, Pachychalina ....................................................... 98, 211
fibrosa, Rhabdastrella ............................................. 41, 74, 197
fibrosa, Rhabdastrella (Aurorella)............................................41
Fibularia ................................................................ 159, 162, 208
fibulata, Axos ........................................................................104
Fibulia ...................................................................................190
Filifera .....................................................................................60
Filifera (Sarcotragus) ..............................................................60
fimbriata, Guitarra ...............................................................153
fistula, Heterorotula ............................................................129
fistularis, Aplysina ....................................... 173, 174, 176, 216
fistularis, Aplysina fistularis forma ............................... 174, 176
fistularis fulva, Aplysina ........................................ 172, 174, 205
fistularis insularis, Aplysina ..................................................176
fistularis, Spongia ..................................................................174
fistularis, Verongia ................................................. 174, 176, 216
fistularis, Verongia fistularis forma ............................... 174, 216
fistulata var. microsigmatosa, Mycale ...................................155
fistulosa, Desmacidon ............................................................109
fistulosa, Oceanapia ...................................... 80, 109, 211, 213
fistulosa, Rhizochalina .................................................. 109, 213
fittkaui, Metania ...........................................................81, 115
flagelliformis, Acanthella ......................................................91
flagelliformis, Bubaris .............................................................91
flamma, Amphoriscus ..................................................... 29, 205
flamma, Grantessa .......................................................... 29, 208
flamma, Sycettusa .................................................. 29, 205, 208
flavus, Didiscus ........................................................................96
floridana, Leucaltis ..................................................................36
floridana, Leucilla ...................................................................36
floridana, Lipostomella ...........................................................36
floridanus, Amphoriscus .........................................................36
floridanus, Dyssycus ................................................................36
fluminense, Erylus .................................................................45
fluviatilis, Ephydatia ..................................................... 126, 208
fluviatilis ramsayi, Ephydatia ...............................................126
fluviatilis, Spongia ................................................................126
folioides, Desmacidon ............................................................100
Foliolina ................................................................................110
Forcepia .......................................................... 83, 160, 190, 207

Forcepia (Ectoforcepia) ..........................................................160
Forcepia (Forcepia) ................................................ 83, 160, 207
formosus, Erylus ........................................................ 45, 46, 75
fosteri, Perissinella ........................................................... 91, 211
fosteri, Ptilocaulis ............................................ 78, 91, 196, 211
fovea, Stelospongia australis var. ....................................... 62, 63
fragilis, Dysidea ....................................................... 56, 57, 213
fragilis, Esperiopsis ................................................................160
fragilis, Eunapius .................................................................127
fragilis, Spongia .......................................................................56
fragilis, Spongilla ...................................................................127
fragilis, Spongilla (Eunapius) ................................................127
fragilis var. ramosa, Spongelia pallescens ......................... 56, 213
franciscana, Spongilla ........................................... 112, 113, 214
frustulosum, Sycon ................................................................31
fugax, Terpios .........................................................................85
fulva, Aplysina ...... 171, 172, 174, 177, 185, 200, 205, 213, 216
fulva, Aplysina fistularis ........................................ 172, 174, 205
fulva, Spongia ................................................................ 174, 213
fulva, Verongia .............................................................. 174, 216
fulva, Verongia fistularis forma .................................... 174, 216
funiformis, Thrinacophora ...........................................83, 150
furtiva, Holoxea ......................................................................40
fusca, Esperella ...................................................... 156, 157, 208
fusca, Mycale ......................................................... 156, 157, 210
fusca, Spongia ........................................................................103
fusifera, Myxilla (?) plumosa var. ................................. 163, 211
G Halichondrida ...............................................................88, 191
gardineri, Darwinella ...........................................................55
Gastrophanella .............................................. 81, 143, 190, 208
geayi, Drulia ..........................................................................112
geayi, Parmula ......................................................................112
gellindra, Halichoclona .........................................................101
Gelliodes .......................................................................104, 105
Geodia ....46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 67, 75, 76, 190, 207, 208, 213, 215
Geodia (Cydonium) ......................................................... 49, 208
Geodiidae .......................................................................44, 190
gibberosa, Geodia ...................................................... 46, 47, 48
gigantea, Aplysina ..................................................................178
gigantea, Verongula ............................................................178
gigas, Pilochrota .............................................................. 43, 212
gigas, Stelletta .......................................................... 42, 43, 212
glabra, Anisoxya ......................................................................95
glariosa, Geodia ................................................. 47, 48, 75, 207
glariosus, Cydonium ....................................................... 48, 207
globosa, Leucandra .................................................... 28, 29, 210
goliath, Normania ........................................................... 50, 211
gracilis, Echinonema .............................................................148
gracilis, Ptilocaulis ...................................................................91
gracilis, Rhaphidophlus ................................................. 148, 212
grandis, Homoeodictya ................................................. 153, 209
grandis, Isodictya ........................................................153, 209
Grantessa ........................................................................29, 208
Taxonomic Index
Grantia ..................................................................... 27, 32, 191
Grantiidae ..............................................................................27
Grantilla ...................................................................................29
granulatum, Alcyonium ..........................................................96
Grayella .................................................................................162
grayi, Pheronema ..................................................................179
grayi, Prianus ................................................................ 107, 212
grayi, Xestospongia ....................................... 80, 107, 197, 212
gregaria, Metania .......................................................... 134, 210
gregaria, Meyenia ......................................................... 134, 210
gregaria, Spongilla ........................................................ 134, 214
gregaria, Trochospongilla ................................... 134, 210, 214
grimaldii, Hexactinella .........................................................181
grimaldii, Petromica ...............................................................94
grubei, Stelletta .......................................................................42
guairensis, Potamophloios ..................................................121
Guancha ................................................... 34, 35, 191, 205, 206
Guitarra .......................................................................153, 191
Guitarridae ..................................................................153, 191
H
habanensis, Didiscus ...............................................................96
Hadromerida .................................................................64, 191
hajdui, Stelletta .....................................................................43
Halichoclona ................................................................. 101, 102
Halichondria .....79, 85, 90, 93, 94, 95, 151, 154, 160, 163, 164,
165, 191, 194, 208
Halichondria (Halichondria) .........................................79, 93
Halichondriidae ...................................................... 92, 95, 191
halichondrioides, Petrosia .....................................................141
halichondrioides, Plakortis ................................................141
Haliclona ...97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 184, 186,
191, 208, 209
Haliclona (Halichoclona) ...................................................101
Haliclona (Haliclona) .........................................................101
Haliclona (Reniera) ............................................. 101, 102, 191
Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ...............................................102, 106
Haliclona (Soestella) ...................................................102, 106
Halicometes ............................................................................86
Halina .....................................................................................50
Halinastra ...............................................................................51
Halisarca ..............................................................................191
Halme ....................................................................................192
halmiformis, Hircinia .............................................................59
Hamacantha ................................................................153, 192
Hamacantha (Vomerula) ............................................153, 192
Hamacanthidae ...................................................................153
Haplosclerida .................................................................97, 192
Haplosclerina .........................................................................97
hartmani, Spirastrella .................................... 70, 71, 206, 213
hastifera, Grantessa ......................................................... 29, 208
hastifera, Grantilla ..................................................................29
hastifera, Sycettusa ................................................ 29, 198, 208
241
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
helena, Cinachyra ........................................................168, 187
heliophila, Hymeniacidon ............................................94, 192
heliophila, Stylotella ................................................................94
helleri, Stelletta ........................................................................41
helwigi, Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) ........................ 162, 207
helwigi, Holopsamma ...........................................................162
Hemiasterellidae .................................................................192
Hemimycale .........................................................................192
hemisphaerica, Acanthotetilla ...............................................167
hentschelii, Leucandra .................................................. 29, 210
hentschelii, Leuconia ....................................................... 29, 210
heroni, Arenosclera ..................................................................97
Heteromeyenia ..............................127, 128, 129, 131, 192, 209
Heteropegma ...........................................................................35
Heteropia .................................................................................30
Heteropiidae ..........................................................................29
Heterorotula ........................................................................129
heterosclera, Corvoheteromeyenia .............................124, 207
heterosclera, Corvomeyenia .......................................... 124, 207
Heteroxyidae ..................................................................96, 189
Hexactinella ..........................................................................181
Hexactinellida ......................................................................178
Hexactinosida ......................................................................179
Hexasterophora ...................................................................179
Higginsia ..............................................................................192
Hippiospongia .........................................................................60
Hippospongia ................................................... 60, 61, 192, 209
Hircinia ................................................58, 59, 60, 154, 192, 209
Hircinia (Sarcotragus) ............................................................58
hirsuta, Tetilla .......................................................................168
hogarthi, Haliclona ...............................................................102
Holopsamma ......................................................... 159, 162, 209
Holoxea ..................................................................... 40, 74, 192
Holtenia .................................................................................179
Homoeodictya ............................................................... 153, 209
Homosclerophorida ....................................................140, 192
horrida, Hircinia cartilaginea var. ........................................154
horrida, Trochospongilla ............................................... 133, 135
horrida, Vulcanella ..................................................................52
horrida, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) .............................................52
horridus, Thorecta .................................................................154
Houssayella ..........................................................................115
humboldti, Sycon ....................................................................31
Hyalonema ..................................................... 71, 178, 179, 192
Hyalonema (Coscinonema) ................................................178
Hyalonema (Cyliconema) ...................................................179
Hyalonema (Prionema) ......................................................179
Hyalonematidae ..................................................................178
Hyattella ................................................. 60, 192, 209, 213, 214
Hymedesmia .................................................. 88, 153, 164, 192
Hymedesmiidae ...........................................................163, 192
Hymenancora ..............................................................164, 211
Hymeniacidon ..........................65, 94, 154, 155, 156, 192, 209
Hymeraphia ..........................................................................147
242
Hyrtios ..............................................................................62, 63
I
Ianthella ......................................................................... 171, 209
ianthella, Ianthella ........................................................ 171, 209
Igernella ................................................................. 55, 192, 209
ignis, Tedania ....................................................... 165, 166, 167
ignis, Tedania (Tedania) ............................. 165, 166, 167, 215
ignis, Tethya ...........................................................................87
ignis, Thalysias ......................................................................165
iguazuensis, Houssayella ....................................................115
implexa, Gastrophanella ............................................143, 208
impura, Leucaltis ....................................................................36
incrustans, Aciculites .............................................................143
incrustata, Stelletta ...............................................................214
Inflatella ................................................................ 108, 192, 209
infrequens, Tethya cranium var . ...........................................170
ingalli, Dactylocalyx ..............................................................180
innominatus, Acarnus .........................................................145
innominatus, Acarnus (Acarnus) ..........................................145
insidiosa, Aka ........................................................................108
insignis, Heteromeyenia ..................................... 127, 129, 209
insignis, Heteromeyenia baileyi var. ............................. 129, 209
insularis, Aplysina ...............................................................176
insularis, Aplysina fistularis ..................................................176
insularis, Luffaria ..................................................................176
insularis, Plakortis ..............................................................142
intermedia, Oncosclera .......................................................118
intermedia, Placospongia .....................................................68
intermedia, Stratospongilla ...................................................118
intestinalis, Hyattella ...................................................... 60, 209
Iophon ..................................................................................192
Iotrochota ............................................................. 163, 192, 209
Iotrochotidae ...............................................................163, 192
Iphiteon ........................................................................180, 194
Ircinia ...................... 58, 59, 60, 76, 77, 192, 193, 197, 209, 214
Irciniidae ........................................................................58, 193
irregularis var. pertusa, Euspongia .................................. 62, 208
Isodictya ....................................................... 108, 153, 193, 209
isodictyalis, Halichondria .....................................................160
isodictyalis, Lissodendoryx .........................................160, 161
isodictyalis, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) ......................160
Isodictyidae ..........................................................................153
isodictyiformis, Oceanapia ............................................ 109, 211
isodictyiformis, Phloeodictyon ..............................................109
isorrhopa, Pachastrella ............................................................51
itajai, Rhabderemia ............................................................151
J
janeirensis, Polymastia ................................... 69, 78, 212, 214
janeirensis, Suberites ....................................................... 69, 214
janiae, Dysidea ......................................................................57
janiae, Terpios .........................................................................57
janusi, Aplysina ............................................................. 171, 205

janusi, Verongia ............................................................. 171, 216
japonica, Tethya ....................................................................87
Jaspis ................................................................. 41, 74, 185, 193
jejuensis, Aphrocallistes .........................................................180
Jenkinidae ............................................................................193
jewelli, Oncosclera ................................................. 81, 118, 214
jewelli, Spongilla ........................................................... 118, 214
jewelli, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) .......................................118
johnsoni, Hymedesmia ..........................................................153
johnstoni, Coppatias ...............................................................41
johnstonii, Jaspis ...................................................................41
johnstonii, Vioa ................................................................. 41, 61
joyeuxi, Igernella ............................................................. 55, 209
joyeuxy, Darwinella ................................................................55
K Leiosella ................................................................................193
kallitetilla, Myriastra ..............................................................43
kallitetilla, Stelletta ...............................................................43
kempfi, Grantia ......................................................................27
Keratosa ................................................................................193
kerguelenensis, Ectyomyxilla ......................................... 164, 207
kerguelensis, Ectyomyxilla .....................................................164
ketostea, Asteropus ..................................................................40
ketostea, Stellettinopsis ............................................................40
Kieplitela ...............................................................................193
kiliani, Metania ...........................................................115, 210
kirkpatricki, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) .............................178
kittoni, Corticium ...................................................................52
kittoni, Thrombus ..................................................................52
kuekenthali, Cinachyrella ...........................................169, 206
kükenthali, Cinachyra ................................................... 169, 206
L levii, Acanthacarnus ..............................................................145
laboreli, Callyspongia ...........................................................98
laboreli, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ................... 79, 98, 186
lachne, Hippiospongia .............................................................60
lachne, Hippospongia ...........................................................60
lactea, Euryspongia .................................................................57
lactuca, Aplysina .........................................................176, 185
lacunosa, Aplysina ............................... 176, 177, 200, 205, 216
lacunosa, Spongia ..................................................................176
lacunosa, Verongia ................................................................176
lacustris, Spongia ..................................................................133
laevis, Esperia ........................................................................157
laevis, Mycale .......................................................................157
laevis, Mycale (Mycale) ............................... 156, 157, 208, 210
lamarcki, Ascaltis ....................................................................35
lamella choanoides, Chonelasma ...........................................181
lamella, Chonelasma .............................................................181
Lanuginellinae .....................................................................182
lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla ........................................135
latens, Erylus ..................................................................46, 190
latex, Dercitus (Stoeba) ......................................... 51, 198, 214
latex, Stoeba .................................................................... 51, 214
Taxonomic Index
latitubulata, Clathrina ............................................................35
latitubulata, Heteropegma ......................................................35
Latrunculia ..................................................................144, 193
Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ..................................................144
Latrunculiidae ............................................................. 144, 193
Latrunculina ........................................................................144
laxissima, Acamas .................................................................154
laxissima, Mycale ................................................................154
laxissima, Mycale (Acamasina) ............................................154
laxissima, Mycale (Arenochalina) ...................... 154, 208, 210
Laxosuberites ......................................................... 72, 193, 209
Lefroyella ................................................................................180
leidii, Trochospongilla ...........................................................138
leidyi, Trochospongilla ..........................................................138
Leiodermatium ............................................ 142, 144, 205, 206
leptoderma, Lissodendoryx ...................................................160
leptoderma, Tedania .............................................................160
Leptosia .................................................................................164
lernerae, Haliclona (Halichoclona) ...................................101
Leucaltidae .............................................................................35
Leucaltis ...........................................................................35, 36
Leucandra ......................... 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 193, 205, 210
Leucascidae ............................................................................35
Leucascus ................................................................................36
Leucetta ............................................................ 36, 37, 193, 210
Leucettidae .............................................................................36
Leucilla ....................................................... 25, 26, 36, 193, 210
Leuconia ...................................................25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 210
Leucosolenia ................................................. 30, 32, 34, 36, 193
Leucosolenida ........................................................................25
Leucosoleniidae .....................................................................30
levis, Cacospongia ...........................................................63, 77
levis, Stelospongia australis var. ..............................................63
levis, Vosmaeropsis ................................................................30
lilaceus, Haliclona ...............................................................101
lilaceus, Haliclona (Haliclona) ..........................................101
lilianae, Mycale (Aegogropila) ...........................................154
lingua, Aplysina ...................................................................177
lingua, Hymeniacidon ................................................... 154, 156
Lipostomella ............................................................................36
lissochela, Mycale ..................................................................155
Lissodendoryx ........................................ 83, 160, 161, 193, 212
Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) .............................. 83, 160, 212
Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) ..........................................160
Lithistida ................................................................ 95, 142, 193
lobata, Aphrocallistes ..........................................................180
lobata, Badinskia ...................................................................180
lobosa, Euspongia officinalis var. ..................................... 62, 208
lobosa, Spongia (Spongia) .................................... 62, 208, 213
longimycalostylifera, Ulosa ................................................152
longispina, Ircinia ........................................................... 59, 209
longispina, Polytherses ............................................................59
243
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
longispinus, Stelospongus ................................................ 59, 214
longissima, Verongia ..................................................... 173, 216
longleyi, Haliclona ................................................................106
Lophocalyx ...................................................................183, 193
lophyropoda, Scopalina ...........................................................91
loricata, Spongilla .................................................................124
Luffaria ......................................................................... 173, 176
lunaecharta, Axinella ...................................................... 89, 205
lunaecharta, Pseudaxinella ....................................... 89, 90, 212
lutea, Halichondria ......................................................... 95, 208
lutea, Niphates .....................................................................105
lutea, Pachataxa .............................................................. 51, 211
luteus, Dercitus (Halinastra) ........................................51, 211
Lychniscosida .......................................................................182
lynceus, Leiodermatium ........................................................142
lyncurium, Donatia ........................................................ 86, 207
lyncurium, Tethya ..................................................... 86, 87, 215
Lyssacinosida .......................................................................182
M microsigmatosa, Mycale ......................................................155
macandrewi, Uruguaya ................................ 122, 123, 138, 139
macandrewi, Uruguayella ............................................. 122, 138
macera, Heteropia ...................................................................30
macilenta, Hymeniacidon .....................................................155
mackayi, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. .......................137
magna, Paraleucilla ...................................... 26, 193, 195, 210
magniconulosa, Halichondria ..............................................93
magniconulosa, Halichondria (Halichondria) .....................93
magnirhaphidifera, Mycale ................................................155
magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) ...............................155
mamillaris, Spongia ................................................................69
mamillata, Reniera ...............................................................102
mammillaris, Haliclona ......................................................101
mammillaris, Haliclona (Haliclona) .................................101
mammillaris, Polymastia ................................................. 69, 212
mammillaris, Stelletta .............................................................44
manglaris, Haliclona ..........................................................101
manglaris, Haliclona (Reniera) .........................................101
manglaris, Terpios ...........................................................78, 85
manus, Spongia .....................................................................103
Manzonia .............................................................................182
Margaritella ..........................................................................194
mascarenica, Leucaltis bathybia var. .......................................35
massa, Suberites .............................................................. 85, 215
maza, Donatia ........................................................................87
maza, Tethya ............................................................ 87, 88, 215
maza, Tethytimea ............................................................ 87, 215
meandriniformis, Hippospongia equina var. .................. 61, 209
meandriniformis, Spongia equina var. ............................ 61, 213
meandroides, Desmanthus .........................................143, 189
Medon .....................................................................................28
megastellata, Diplastrella ...............................................70, 78
melana, Haliclona ...............................................................102
melana, Haliclona (Soestella) ....................................102, 106
244
melanos, Pseudosuberites ................................................ 67, 212
mello-leitaoi, Tubella .................................... 116, 137, 138, 216
melobesioides, Placospongia .................................... 67, 68, 69
Melophlus .............................................................................194
Menanetia .............................................................................194
mesatlantica, Alectona ..........................................................64
mesenterina, Spongia ............................................................148
Metania .......... 81, 115, 116, 117, 120, 134, 136, 138, 194, 210,
214, 216
Metaniidae ...........................................................................110
Meyenia .......................... 111, 125, 126, 131, 133, 134, 135, 210
microacanthosigma, Biemna ..............................................151
Microciona .................................................... 146, 147, 150, 210
Microcionidae ..............................................................146, 194
Microcionina .......................................................................145
Microcioninae .....................................................................146
microraphis, Leucetta ...................................................... 36, 210
microrhabdifera, Plakortis ...........................................81, 142
microsigmatosa, Carmia ............................................... 155, 206
microsigmatosa, Mycale (Carmia) ............. 155, 156, 194, 206
microsigmatosa, Mycale fistulata var. ...................................155
microspiculifera, Plakinastrella .................................140, 141
microxifera, Hamacantha ..................................................153
microxifera, Hamacantha (Vomerula) ......................153, 192
migottea, Halichondria .........................................................93
migottea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ..............................93
millari, Alectona ......................................................................64
minima, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. ........................137
minima, Tubella pennsylvanica var. .....................................137
minuta, Clathria .................................................................147
minuta, Clathria (Thalysias) .....................................147, 212
minuta, Halicometes .............................................................86
minuta, Meyenia ...................................................................135
minuta, Trochospongilla ..................................... 134, 135, 136
minutula, Microciona ...........................................................150
minutus, Rhaphidophlus ............................................... 147, 212
mirabilis, Arenochalina .........................................................154
mixta, Hymedesmia ................................................................88
mixta, Timea ..........................................................................88
mixtum, Diplacodium ..........................................................180
molitba, Acervochalina ................................................. 100, 205
molitba, Chalinula .............................................. 100, 205, 209
molitba, Haliclona ........................................................ 100, 209
mollior, Cacospongia ...............................................................62
mollior, Spongelia dubia var. ................................................213
mollis, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ........................ 62, 213
Monanchora ....................................83, 155, 161, 194, 207, 210
Monanthus ..............................................................................95
monilifera, Pachastrella ........................................................51
monolopha, Plakina ..............................................................140
morchella, Teichaxinella .........................................................89
moseleyi, Scolopes ............................................................64, 77
mucosa, Tedania ........................................................... 167, 215

mucronata, Myxilla .....................................................164, 165
mucronata, Myxilla (Myxilla) ............................................164
muelleri, Craniella ................................................................170
muelleri, Darwinella .....................................................55, 207
muelleri, Darwinia .................................................................55
mulleri, Darwinella .................................................................55
mülleri, Darwinia ........................................................... 55, 207
murdochi, Tedania ........................................................ 167, 215
muricata, Tethea .....................................................................51
muricyana, Aplysina ............................................. 84, 177, 185
muta, Petrosia .......................................................................107
muta, Schmidtia ....................................................................107
muta, Xestospongia .............................................................107
Mycale ....153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 194, 206, 208, 210, 211,216
Mycale (Acamasina) .............................................................154
Mycale (Aegogropila) .................................. 154, 158, 194, 210
Mycale (Arenochalina) ........................................ 154, 208, 210
Mycale (Carmia) .......................................... 155, 156, 194, 206
Mycale (Mycale) ................................... 156, 157, 194, 208, 210
Mycale (Naviculina) ....................................................157, 158
Mycale (Zygomycale) ........................................... 158, 210, 216
Mycalidae .....................................................................153, 194
Mycalina .......................................................................151, 194
Myriastra .................................................................. 42, 43, 211
Myrmekioderma .................................................... 96, 194, 211
Myxilla ..........................................163, 164, 165, 194, 207, 211
Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ........................................ 164, 207, 211
Myxilla (Myxilla) .................................................................164
Myxillidae ....................................................................164, 194
Myxillina ......................................................................159, 194
N oleracea, Oceanapia ....................................................109, 213
Nardoa ..................................................................... 30, 34, 211
Nardopsis .................................................................................34
Nardorus .................................................................................34
navicella, Oncosclera ...................................................118, 214
navicella, Spongilla ............................................... 118, 120, 214
navicella, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ...................................118
Naviculina ..............................................................................157
Neofibularia .................................................................106, 194
Neopetrosia .................................................. 102, 106, 107, 205
neptuni, Geodia ....................................... 47, 48, 208, 213, 215
neptuni, Sidonops ...................................................... 48, 49, 213
neptuni, Synops ......................................................... 48, 49, 215
nicoleae, Acarnus .................................................................145
nicoleae, Tethya .....................................................................87
niger, Asteropus .............................................................40, 192
nigra, Clathria (Wilsonella) ......................... 82, 148, 211, 212
nigra, Phoriospongia ..................................................... 148, 211
nigra, Psammotoxa ....................................................... 148, 212
Niphates ................................................. 80, 104, 105, 194, 195
Niphatidae ...................................................................102, 195
nodosa, Oceanapia ......................................................109, 211
nodosa, Pellina ......................................................................109
Taxonomic Index
nodosum, Phloeodictyon .......................................................109
nodulosa, Oceanapia ............................................. 81, 109, 213
nodulosa, Rhizochalina ......................................... 109, 184, 213
nodus gordii, Heteropegma .....................................................35
noevus, Chelonaplysilla ...........................................................54
Normania ........................................................................ 50, 211
northumbrica, Cliona .............................................................67
notabilis, Euryades ..................................................................55
notabilis, Igernella .................................................. 55, 56, 209
novae terrae, Corvospongilla ......................................... 125, 207
Nubicaulus ............................................................................182
nucula, Chondrilla ............................................................ 52, 53
nucula complex, Chondrilla ................................... 52, 53, 187
nuda, Esperella ...................................................... 154, 155, 208
nuda, Mycale ................................................................. 154, 210
O
obliqua, Spongia ....................................................................213
obliqua, Tenaciella ................................................................147
occa, Farrea ..........................................................................181
occa, Farrea occa ...................................................................181
Oceanapia ...........80, 81, 108, 109, 110, 192, 195, 209, 211, 213
oculata, Haliclona .................................................................101
oculata, Spongia ....................................................................101
officinalis, Spongia .................................................... 61, 62, 213
officinalis, Spongia (Spongia) ..................................................61
officinalis tubulifera var. corlosiformis, Spongia ......................62
officinalis tubulifera var. mollis, Spongia ........................ 62, 213
officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa, Spongia ..............................62
officinalis tubulifera var. prava, Spongia ................................ 62
officinalis var. lobosa, Euspongia ..................................... 62, 208
oleracea, Rhizochalina ................................................... 109, 213
Olynthus ..................................................................................34
Oncosclera ...............................81, 118, 119, 120, 121, 195, 214
onkodes, Dercitopsis ..............................................................141
onkodes, Plakinastrella .......................................................141
ophiraphidites, Topsentia .................................... 95, 191, 208
ophiraphidites, Viles ................................................................95
orientalis, Aphrocallistes beatrix ...........................................180
ornata, Anheteromeyenia ...........................................123, 212
ornata, Radiospongilla .................................................. 123, 212
orthoreticulata, Aplysina ....................................................177
Oscarella ...............................................................................195
oxeata, Didiscus ....................................................... 79, 96, 189
oxeatus, Didiscus .....................................................................96
oxyaster, Erylus ............................................................... 45, 208
P
Pachastrella ....................................................................51, 195
Pachastrellidae ..............................................................50, 195
pachastrelloides, Characella .........................................50, 212
pachastrelloides, Stelletta ........................................................50
Pachastrissa .........................................................................195
245
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Pachataxa ........................................................................ 51, 211
Pachychalina ............. 80, 98, 103, 105, 106, 163, 184, 195, 211
Pachypellina .........................................................................195
pallescens, Dysidea ..................................................................56
pallescens fragilis var. ramosa, Spongelia ........................ 56, 213
pallescens, Spongelia ...............................................................56
pallida, Callyspongia ............................................................98
pallida, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ..................................98
palmata, Spongia ..................................................................153
palmeri, Dosilia .....................................................................125
palmeri, Dosilia plumosa var. ...............................................125
palmeri, Meyenia .................................................................125
palmeri, Meyenia plumosa var. ..................................... 125, 210
Pandaros ...........................................91, 148, 154, 158, 161, 195
panicea, Halichondria ..........................................................93
panicea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ................................93
panicea, Spongia .....................................................................93
Papillina ..................................................................................65
papyracea, Geodia ........................................... 49, 76, 190, 208
papyracea, Geodia (Cydonium) ...................................... 49, 208
Paraleucilla .................................................... 26, 193, 195, 210
paranensis, Ephydatia crateriformis ............................. 131, 208
parasitica var. arenosa, Mycale ..............................................156
Paresperella ...........................................................................211
parishii, Raphiodesma ..........................................................158
parishii, Zygomycale ..................................................... 158, 216
Parmula ................................................................. 112, 113, 211
pauciarenaria, Ircinia ............................................... 58, 76, 77
paulata, Metania ........................................................... 136, 210
paulula, Spongilla ......................................................... 136, 214
paulula, Trochospongilla .................... 134, 136, 210, 214, 216
paulula, Tubella ............................................................ 136, 216
peachi, Desmacidon ..............................................................151
pedunculata, Saccocalyx ........................................................182
pedunculatus, Saccocalyx ...................................................182
pelagica, Nardoa ............................................................. 30, 211
pelagica, Sycettusa .........................................................29, 211
Pellina ................................................................... 106, 109, 195
peltata, Foliolina ...................................................................110
peltata, Oceanapia ..............................................................110
Penares ............................................................. 41, 74, 195, 196
penicillus, Ciocalypta ..............................................................92
pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla ................. 116, 137, 138, 216
pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla (Tubella) .............................137
pennsylvanica, Tubella ..........................................................137
pennsylvanica var. mackayi, Trochospongilla .......................137
pennsylvanica var. minima, Tubella ....................................137
pennsylvanica var. minima, Trochospongilla ........................137
pentactinale, Sycon ...............................................................31
pentactinalis, Sycon .................................................................31
pergamentacea, Aplysina ...................................... 84, 177, 200
pergamentacea, Callyspongia ..............................................99
pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .... 98, 206, 209
pergamentacea, Chalina ................................................. 99, 206
246
pergamentacea, Cladochalina armigera var. .................. 99, 206
pergamentacea, Haliclona ............................................... 99, 209
Perissinella ............................................................... 91, 196, 211
perlevis, Hymeniacidon ................................................94, 209
perlevis, Spongia .....................................................................94
perlucida, Paraleucilla ..........................................................26
pertusa, Euspongia irregularis var. .................................. 62, 208
pertusa, Spongia ....................................................................62
pertusa, Spongia (Spongia) .................................. 62, 208, 213
pertusa, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ..............................62
pesae, Pottsiela ..................................................... 129, 130, 214
petiolata, Sycandra .......................................................... 31, 215
petiolatum, Sycum ..................................................................31
petiolatus, Sycon ......................................................................31
petricola, Oncosclera ...........................................................120
petricola, Spongilla ................................................................120
petricola, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ...................................120
Petromica ................................................... 79, 94, 95, 196, 208
Petromica (Chaladesma) ........................................ 79, 95, 208
Petrosia ........................................................... 80, 107, 141, 196
Petrosia (Petrosia) ................................................. 80, 107, 196
Petrosiidae ...................................................................106, 196
Petrosina ..............................................................................106
pfeifferae, Azorica .......................................................... 142, 205
pfeifferae, Leiodermatium .................................. 142, 205, 206
pfeifferae, Leiodermatium (‘Azorica’) ...................................142
pfeifferae tenui-laminaris, Azorica ............................... 142, 206
Phakellia ................................................................ 90, 196, 211
phakellina, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ....................................150
phakellina, Raspaxilla ................................................... 149, 150
Phellodermidae ...................................................................196
Pheronema ...........................................................................179
Pheronematidae ..................................................................179
philippinensis, Rossella ..........................................................183
Phloeodictyidae ...........................................................108, 196
Phloeodictyon ........................................................................109
Phorbas ............................................84, 163, 196, 205, 211, 212
Phoriospongia ............................................................... 148, 211
phylloides, Chondrillina .................................................. 71, 206
phyllodes, Chondrilla ...................................................... 71, 206
phyllodes, Spirastrella ..............................................................71
Pilochrota .......................................................... 42, 43, 211, 212
Pione ...............................................................................67, 206
Placospongia ................................................ 67, 68, 69, 78, 196
Placospongiidae ....................................................................67
placospongioides, Didiscus .......................................................96
Plakina .........................................................................140, 196
Plakinastrella ....................................................... 140, 141, 196
Plakinidae ....................................................................140, 196
Plakortis ................................................. 81, 141, 142, 196, 212
plumosa, Pronax ........................................................... 163, 212
plumosa, Spongia ..................................................................163
plumosa, Spongilla ................................................................125
plumosa var. fusifera, Myxilla........................................ 163, 211

plumosa var. palmeri, Dosilia ................................................125
plumosa var. palmeri, Meyenia...................................... 125, 210
plumosus, Phorbas .............................................. 163, 211, 212
Poecillastra ...................................................................... 50, 212
Poecilosclerida .............................................................144, 196
polydiscus, Dactylocalyx ........................................................144
Polyfibrospongia ........................................................ 62, 63, 196
Polymastia ...................................69, 71, 78, 159, 196, 212, 214
Polymastiidae ................................................................69, 197
polypoides, Axinella ................................................................89
Polytherses ................................................................. 58, 59, 197
Porifera ...................................................................................25
porosum, Psammoclema .............................................159, 212
porosum, Psammopemma ............................................. 159, 212
Potamolepidae .....................................................................118
Potamolepis ...........................................................................121
Potamophloios .....................................................................121
poterium, Ascaltis ..................................................................36
poterium, Ascetta ....................................................................36
poterium, Ascetta primordialis var. .........................................36
poterium, Clathrina ................................................................36
poterium, Leucosolenia ...........................................................36
potiguar, Leucetta .................................................................37
Pottsiela .......................................................... 81, 129, 130, 214
praetexta, Aplysina ................................................................178
prava, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. .................................62
Prianus .................................................................. 107, 197, 212
primigenia, Leucetta ...............................................................36
primordialis, Clathrina ................................................... 33, 206
primordialis var. poterium, Ascetta ........................................36
procera, Clathria .................................................................148
procera, Clathria (Thalysias) .....................................148, 212
procerus, Rhaphidophlus .......................................................148
prolifera, Clathria (Clathria) .....................................146, 210
prolifera, Microciona ..................................................... 146, 210
prolifera, Spongia ..................................................................146
Pronax ........................................................................... 163, 212
Prosuberites ...........................................................................161
proteus, Hyrtios .....................................................................63
Protosuberites ........................................................ 72, 197, 212
proxima, Neofibularia ...........................................................106
proxima, Neopetrosia ..........................................................106
proxima, Thalysias ................................................................106
proxima, Xestospongia ..........................................................106
Psammaplysilla .....................................................................197
Psammochela ................................................................ 160, 212
Psammocinia ................................................... 59, 77, 206, 209
Psammoclema ..............................................................159, 212
Psammopemma ............................................................. 159, 212
Psammotoxa .................................................................. 148, 212
Pseudaxinella ............................................................ 89, 90, 212
Pseudoceratina .............................................................. 171, 212
pseudolacunosa, Aplysina ...................................................177
pseudomolitba, Haliclona .....................................................100
Taxonomic Index
pseudos, Pseudosuberites .........................................................67
Pseudosuberites ..................................................... 67, 197, 212
pseudotoxa, Callyspongia ...................................................100
pseudotoxa, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) ..................100, 215
Ptilocaulis .................................78, 91, 196, 197, 198, 211, 214
pumiceus, Dactylocalyx ......................................................180
pumiceus stutchburyi, Dactylocalyx ......................................180
pumilio, Desmacella ..............................................................152
pura, Leucaltis .........................................................................36
purpurata, Mycale (Naviculina) ........................................158
purpurea, Myriastra ........................................................ 42, 211
purpurea, Stelletta ........................................................... 42, 214
pusilla, Microciona ................................................................150
putridosa, Oceanapia ..................................................110, 213
putridosa, Rhizochalina ................................................ 110, 213
pydanieli, Dosilia ................................................ 125, 126, 210
pygmaea, Uruguaya ..............................................................138
pygmaea, Uruguayella ..........................................................138
Q
quadripartita, Mycale .........................................................157
quadripartita, Mycale (Mycale) ..........................................157
quadriradiata, Clathrina .....................................................34
quirimure, Craniella ...........................................................170
R
Racekiela .............................................................. 130, 131, 205
radiata, Tetilla .............................................................170, 171
Radiella ................................................................................197
Radiospongilla ................................81, 123, 131, 132, 208, 212
radovani, Acanthacarnus .............................................. 145, 205
radovani, Acarnus ................................................ 81, 145, 205
ramosa, Callyspongia ............................................................206
ramosa, Gelliodes ........................................................104, 105
ramosa, Hircinia .....................................................................58
ramosa, Ircinia ......................................................................58
ramosa, Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ........................ 56, 213
ramosum, Leiodermatium ....................................................144
ramosum, Psammoclema ......................................................159
ramosum, Siphonidium ......................................................144
ramosus, Anchinoe ........................................................ 163, 205
ramosus, Aphrocallistes .........................................................180
ramosus, Phorbas .................................................. 84, 163, 205
ramsayi, Ephydatia ...............................................................126
ramsayi, Ephydatia fluviatilis ...............................................126
ramsayi forma talaensis, Ephydatia .....................................126
raphida, Cliona ...............................................................66, 77
raphidifera, Coelosphaera ..................................................159
raphidifera, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ...............159, 208
raphidifera, Fibularia .................................................... 159, 208
Raspaciona ...........................................................................197
Raspailia ...................................82, 83, 149, 150, 197, 206, 212
Raspailia (Raspailia) ............................................ 82, 149, 206
Raspailia (Raspaxilla) .................................. 83, 149, 150, 212
247
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Raspailiidae ..................................................................148, 197
Raspailiinae ..........................................................................149
Raspaxilla .............................................................. 149, 150, 212
rea, Anacanthaea ....................................................................96
rea, Epipolasis ..........................................................................96
rea, Myrmekioderma .....................................................96, 211
recife, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) ................... 83, 160, 212
recife, Psammochela ...................................................... 160, 212
recurvata, Acalle .................................................. 110, 214, 216
recurvata, Spongilla ...................................................... 110, 214
recurvata, Tubella ......................................................... 110, 216
reiswigi, Epipolasis ..................................................................96
reiswigi, Lophocalyx ............................................................183
Reniera ...................................................100, 101, 102, 107, 165
renieroides, Chalinula ...........................................................100
reniformis, Chondrosia ................................................... 53, 206
Reniochalina ...........................................................................89
repens, Trochospongilla .............................. 123, 138, 139, 216
repens, Uruguaya .................................................. 138, 139, 216
repens, Uruguayella ....................................................... 122, 138
reptans, Desmacidon ..................................................... 162, 207
reticulata, Axinella .......................................................... 89, 205
reticulata, Dragmacidon ................................................. 90, 207
reticulata, Metania ......................116, 120, 138, 194, 214, 216
reticulata, Pseudaxinella ................................................. 89, 212
reticulata, Spongilla .............................................. 115, 116, 214
reticulata, Tubella ......................................................... 116, 216
reticulatum, Dragmacidon ..................... 89, 90, 205, 207, 212
reticulatus, Dragmacidon ................................................ 90, 207
reticulatus, Tarrus ...................................................................34
reticulum, Ascandra ................................................................34
reticulum, Ascometra ..............................................................34
reticulum, Auloplegma ............................................................34
reticulum, Clathrina .............................................................34
reticulum, Clistolynthus ..........................................................34
reticulum, Leucosolenia ...........................................................34
reticulum, Nardoa ...................................................................34
reticulum, Nardopsis ...............................................................34
reticulum, Nardorus ................................................................34
reticulum, Olynthus ................................................................34
reticulum, Soleniscus ...............................................................34
reticulum, Tarrus ....................................................................34
retiformis, Ascandra ................................................................34
revizee, Erylus ........................................................................46
Rhabdastrella .................................................... 41, 42, 74, 197
Rhabdastrella (Aurorella) .......................................................41
Rhabderemia ........................................................ 150, 151, 197
Rhabderemiidae ..................................................................150
Rhaphidistia ........................................................................197
Rhaphidophlus ...................................................... 147, 148, 212
Rhizochalina .................................................. 109, 110, 184, 213
rhizophora, Reniera ...............................................................102
rhizophyta, Cinachyra ................................................... 168, 206
ringueleti, Uruguaya .............................................................138
248
ringueleti, Uruguayella ................................................. 138, 216
riograndensis, Geodia ...........................................................49
robusta, Callyspongia .............................................................206
robusta, Dysidea .............................................................57, 76
robusta, Isodictya ..................................................................108
robusta, Oceanapia ................................................. 80, 109, 211
robusta, Toxochalina ..................................................... 100, 215
rocasensis, Acanthotetilla ...........................................167, 184
Roosa .....................................................................................141
roquensis, Topsentia ................................................................95
rosacea, Halichondria ...........................................................164
rosea, Aplysilla .......................................................................54
rosea, Euryspongia ..........................................................57, 76
rosea, Verongia ........................................................................54
roseus, Leucascus ...................................................................36
Rossella ..................................................................................183
Rossellidae ...........................................................................182
rubra, Tethya .........................................................................87
rudifera, Leucandra ................................................ 28, 29, 210
rudifera, Leuconia ...................................................................28
ruetzleri, Dictyonella ....................................................... 92, 207
ruetzleri, Scopalina ......................................... 79, 92, 207, 216
ruetzleri, Stelletta ..................................................................43
ruetzleri, Ulosa ................................................................ 92, 216
rusbyi, Drulia ........................................................................112
rusbyi, Drulia brownii var. ....................................................112
rusbyi, Parmula .....................................................................112
rusbyi, Parmula brownii var. ................................................112
rustica, Pachychalina ............................................................105
ryderi, Heteromeyenia ..........................................................131
S
sacca, Grantessa .......................................................................29
Saccocalyx ............................................................................182
sacculata, Leucandra ....................................................... 25, 210
sacculata, Leucilla .........................................................25, 210
sacculata, Leuconia ......................................................... 25, 210
salvadori, Jaspis ...............................................................41, 74
Samidae ................................................................................171
Samus .............................................................................51, 171
sanguinea, Hymeniacidon ............................................... 94, 209
sanguinea, Spongia .................................................................94
sanguineus, Hymeniacidon ............................................. 94, 209
Sarcotragus ....................................................................60, 209
Sarostegia .............................................................................197
Saturnospongilla .................................................................132
scalaris, Cacospongia ...............................................................63
Scalarispongia ......................................................... 63, 77, 206
scarlatum, Prosuberites .........................................................161
Sceptrella ..............................................................................197
sceptroides, Spongilla ............................................................131
sceptrum, Agelas ....................................................................39
sceptrum, Alcyonium ..............................................................39
schmidti, Agelas ...............................................................39, 40

schmidti, Cliona .....................................................................66
schmidti, Hyalonema ..........................................................178
schmidti, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) ...............................178
schmidti, Vioa .........................................................................66
Schmidtia ..............................................................................107
schmidtii, Tribrachion .............................................................43
schmidtii, Tribrachium ............................................. 43, 44, 75
schubarti, Oncosclera ..........................................................120
schubarti, Spongilla................................................................120
schubarti, Spongilla (Euspongilla) ........................................120
Scolopes ............................................................................64, 77
Scopalina .............................................79, 91, 92, 197, 207, 216
seckti, Corvospongilla .................................................124, 207
senegalensis, Mycale ...................................................... 156, 211
sepia, Guitarra .............................................................153, 191
sericata, Leucandra .................................................................30
sericatum, Aphroceras ..................................................... 30, 205
sericatum, Leuconia ................................................................30
sericatum, Vosmaeropsis ...............................................30, 205
serrata, Leucandra ................................................................29
seychellensis, Alemo .................................................................87
seychellensis, Tethya ..............................................................87
sheilae, Acanthodiscus ................................................... 131, 205
sheilae, Anheteromeyenia .............................................. 131, 205
sheilae, Racekiela .........................................................131, 205
Sidonops ..................................................................... 48, 49, 213
sieboldi, Hyalonema ..............................................................178
Sigmaxinella ..................................................................83, 152
Sigmatoxella ...........................................................................152
simplex, Asteropus ........................................................... 40, 205
simplex, Leucascus .................................................................36
simplex, Plakortis .......................................................... 141, 212
simplex, Samus ........................................................................51
simplex, Stellettinopsis ............................................................40
simplicissima, Eurete .............................................................181
sinuatus, Spongosorites ...........................................................95
Siphonidiidae .......................................................................143
Siphonidium ........................................................................144
soesti, Erylus ...................................................................46, 208
solangeae, Aplysina .......................................................84, 178
Soleniscus ................................................................................34
sollasi, Characella ....................................................................50
sollasi, Poecillastra ........................................................... 50, 212
soteropolitana, Stelletta ........................................................43
souriei, Acanthacarnus ..........................................................145
souriei, Acarnus ...................................................................145
souriei, Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) ........................................145
sparsus, Agelas ................................................................. 38, 205
sphaerica, Paraleucilla ..................................................26, 195
sphaeroconia, Caminus ...................................................44, 75
sphaeroidocladus, Thrombus ..................................................52
sphaeroidocladus, Yucatania ................................................52
Sphaerotylus .........................................................................197
Spheciospongia .......................................... 64, 67, 77, 197, 212
Taxonomic Index
Sphinctrella ..................................................................... 52, 213
spinata, Metania ......................................... 116, 117, 210, 216
spinata, Tedania ..................................................................167
spinata, Tedania (Trachytedania) .............................167, 215
spinata, Trachytedania ..........................................................167
spinata, Tubella ..................................................... 117, 137, 216
spinifera, Oncosclera ...........................................................120
spinifera, Stratospongilla .......................................................120
spinomicroxea, Biemna ......................................................151
spinosa, Crella ......................................................................162
spinosa, Crella (Grayella) ..................................... 84, 162, 207
spinosa, Crelloxea .......................................................... 162, 207
Spinosella ................................................................................99
spinosigma, Paresperella.........................................................211
spinosulus, Filifera (Sarcotragus) ............................................60
Spirasigmidae ......................................................................197
Spirastrella ....................................64, 66, 70, 71, 197, 206, 213
Spirastrellidae ........................................................................70
Spirophorida ........................................................................167
splendida, Geodia ..................................................................49
spoliata, Pottsiela .................................................. 81, 130, 214
spoliata, Spongilla ................................................. 129, 130, 214
Spongelia ................................................................... 56, 60, 213
Spongia ..................27, 30, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 90, 93,
94, 99, 100, 101, 103, 106, 107, 126, 133, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152,
153, 163, 174, 176, 190, 198, 208, 209, 213, 214
Spongia (Heterofibria) ..........................................................61
Spongia (Spongia) ................................... 61, 62, 208, 209, 213
Spongiidae .....................................................................60, 198
Spongilla ...... 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121, 122,
123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 214
Spongilla (Euspongilla) .........................................................120
Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ................................... 118, 120, 121
Spongillidae .................................................................123, 198
Spongillina ...........................................................................110
Spongosorites ........................................................... 90, 95, 198
stalagmitis, Reniochalina ........................................................89
stauridia, Sycetta .....................................................................29
stellata, Halicometes ................................................................86
stellata, Hymedesmia ..............................................................88
Stelletta ................ 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 74, 75, 198, 211, 212, 214
Stelletta (Pilochrota) ...................................................... 42, 214
Stellettinopsis ...........................................................................40
stellifasciata, Timea ..............................................................88
Stelospongia ....................................................................... 62, 63
Stelospongus .................................................................... 59, 214
stendelli, Potamolepis ............................................................121
stepanowii, Heteromeyenia ................................... 127, 128, 209
stepanowii, Heteromeyenia bailey var ...................................128
Sterrastrolepis ...................................................... 121, 122, 214
stipitata, Polymastia ................................................................71
stipitata, Stylocordyla ................................................ 71, 78, 214
stipitata, Stylorhiza .................................................................71
Stoeba ...................................................................... 51, 198, 214
249
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
Stratospongilla .......................................118, 120, 121, 122, 214
strobilina, Ircinia .................................................. 59, 209, 214
strobilina, Spongia ..................................................................59
Strongylacidon .............................................................190, 198
Strongylamma .....................................................................198
stutchburyi, Dactylocalyx pumiceus .....................................180
Stylaxinella .............................................................. 91, 198, 214
stylifera, Gastrophanella ............................................... 143, 208
Stylinos ............................................................................ 91, 214
Stylocordyla .............................................................. 71, 78, 214
Stylocordylidae ......................................................................71
Stylorhiza ................................................................................71
Stylotella ..................................................................................94
styx, Myrmekioderma ..................................................... 96, 211
suberea, Euplectella .............................................................182
suberea, Papillina ....................................................................65
Suberites ...................... 69, 72, 85, 141, 198, 209, 212, 214, 215
Suberitidae .....................................................................71, 198
subglobosus, Dactylocalyx .....................................................180
subtilis, Metania ..................................................................117
subtriangularis, Neopetrosia ..............................................107
subtriangularis, Spongia .......................................................107
subtriangularis, Xestospongia ...............................................107
sulfurea, Halichondria ..........................................................93
sulfurea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ...............................93
surgens, Ectyoplasia ferox ......................................................149
sventres, Agelas ......................................................................40
Sycandra .......................................................................... 31, 215
Sycarium .................................................................. 25, 31, 215
Sycetta .....................................................................................29
Sycettidae .......................................................................31, 198
Sycettusa ............................................29, 30, 198, 205, 208, 211
Sycinula ............................................................................. 27, 31
Sycodendrum ...........................................................................31
Sycon ....................................................................... 31, 198, 215
Syconella .......................................................................... 31, 215
Syculmis ........................................................................... 25, 215
Sycum .....................................................................................31
Sycurus ........................................................................... 25, 215
symbiotica, Spheciospongia .................................... 67, 77, 197
Sympagella ...........................................................................198
synapta, Amphoriscus ...................................................25, 215
synapta, Sycarium ........................................................... 25, 215
synapta, Syculmis ............................................................ 25, 215
synapta, Sycurus .............................................................. 25, 215
Synops .................................................................. 47, 48, 49, 215
T Tisiphonia ...............................................................................51
tabula, Spongia .....................................................................149
talaensis, Ephydatia ramsayi forma .....................................126
Tarrus ......................................................................................34
Tedania ..........................................160, 165, 166, 167, 198, 215
Tedania (Tedania) ....................................... 165, 166, 167, 215
Tedania (Tedaniopsis) ......................................... 165, 166, 167
250
Tedania (Trachytedania) ............................................167, 215
Tedaniidae ............................................................................165
Tedaniopsis .................................................................... 165, 166
Teichaxinella ........................................................... 89, 198, 215
Tenaciella ...............................................................................147
tenda, Vomerula ....................................................................153
tenebrica, Halichondria ........................................................94
tenebrica, Halichondria (Halichondria) .............................93
tenerrima, Callyspongia .......................................................99
tenerrima, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ............................99
tenerrima, Callyspongia (Spinosella) .....................................99
tenui-laminaris, Azorica pfeifferae ............................... 142, 206
tenuis, Basiectyon .......................................................... 149, 206
tenuis, Raspailia ..................................................................149
tenuis, Raspailia (Raspailia) ................................ 82, 149, 206
tenuissima, Hymedesmia ......................................................164
tenuissima, Hymenancora ..........................................164, 211
tenuissima, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) .............................. 164, 211
tenuissima, Trochospongilla ..................................................135
tenuissima, Verongia ............................................. 176, 177, 216
Terpios .......................................................... 57, 72, 78, 85, 199
tertia, Thorecta exemplum var. ...............................................63
tetela, Guancha ......................................................................35
Tethea ......................................................................................51
Tethya ....................................70, 86, 87, 88, 170, 199, 207, 215
Tethyidae ................................................................................86
tethyoides, Craniella ..............................................................169
Tethytimea ............................................................. 87, 199, 215
Tetilla .................................................... 168, 170, 171, 199, 215
Tetillidae .......................................................................167, 199
tetractina, Clathrina .............................................................34
tetraverticillata, Latrunculia (Latrunculia) .....................144
textile, Cornulum ..................................................................146
Thalysias ......................................................66, 70, 71, 106, 165
Thenea ....................................................................................51
Theonellidae ................................................................144, 199
Thoosa ..................................................................................199
Thorecta ........................................................... 63, 64, 154, 199
Thorectidae ....................................................................62, 199
Thrinacophora ......................................................... 83, 89, 150
Thrinacophorinae ...............................................................150
Thrombidae ...................................................................52, 199
Thrombus .......................................................................52, 199
thumi, Corvomeyenia ......................................... 111, 117, 216
thumi, Tubella ....................................................... 111, 117, 216
Timea .............................................................. 88, 148, 199, 215
Timeidae .................................................................................88
topsenti, Erylus ................................................................ 46, 208
Topsentia ........................................................ 95, 191, 199, 208
tonollii, Oncosclera .............................................................121
tonollii, Spongilla ..................................................................121
tonollii, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ......................................121
toxeata, Acarnus ............................................................82, 146

toxiformis, Erylus ..................................................................46
Toxochalina ........................................................... 100, 199, 215
Trachycladus ........................................................................199
Trachygellius .......................................................... 168, 169, 215
Trachytedania ............................................................... 167, 215
transiens, Erylus .............................................................. 44, 208
transiens, Stelletta ...................................................................44
Tribrachion ..............................................................................43
Tribrachium ............................................................... 43, 44, 75
trilabis, Ectoforcepia ...................................................... 160, 207
trilabis, Forcepia ..................................................................160
trilabis, Forcepia (Forcepia) ................................. 83, 160, 207
trilopha, Plakina .................................................................140
trincomalensis, Euspongia........................................................62
trincomalensis, Spongia ................................................... 62, 213
trisigmata, Biemna .............................................................151
Trochospongilla ... 116, 123, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
208, 210, 214, 215, 216
Trypespongia ...........................................................................60
Tuba ........................................................................................98
Tubella ............ 110, 111, 116, 117, 133, 136, 137, 138, 215, 216
tuberculata, Drulia brownii var. ...........................................112
tuberculata, Parmula brownii var. ................................ 112, 211
tubifera, Haliclona ......................................................102, 191
tubifera, Haliclona (Reniera) .....................................101, 102
tubifera, Reniera ....................................................................101
tubifex, Coelosphaera ............................................................159
tubulata, Agelas .....................................................................40
tubulifera var. corlosiformis, Spongia officinalis .....................62
tubulifera var. mollis, Spongia officinalis ........................ 62, 213
tubulifera var. pertusa, Spongia officinalis ..............................62
tubulifera var. prava, Spongia officinalis .................................62
turbinata, Tedaniopsis ...........................................................166
turgida, Spongia ......................................................................63
tylastra, Geodia ...............................................................50, 76
Tylodesma ..............................................................................152
tylota, Artemisina .......................................................... 146, 205
tylota, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) .................. 83, 160, 212
tylota, Psammochela ..................................................... 160, 212
tylotum, Cornulum ................................................ 82, 146, 205
typica, Raspailia ....................................................................149
typus, Corallistes .................................................. 142, 143, 207
typus, Coscinospongia ................................................... 143, 207
U vickersii, Cyamon ........................................................148, 215
Ulosa ............................................................... 92, 152, 199, 216
umbellifera, Leptosia .............................................................164
unguifera, Monanchora ........................................................161
unguiferus, Echinostylinos .............................. 83, 161, 162, 207
uruguaiensis, Rhabderemia ................................................151
uruguaiensis, Rhabderemia (Rhabderemia) .........................151
Uruguaya .......................122, 123, 133, 138, 139, 207, 214, 216
Uruguayella ................................................... 122, 133, 138, 216
uruguayensis, Drulia ...................................................114, 118
Taxonomic Index
Ute ...........................................................................................25
uter, Leucilla ............................................................ 25, 26, 210
V
vagabundus var. annexa, Desmacella ...................................152
vagabundus var. annexa, Desmacodes ..................................152
vaginalis, Callyspongia .........................................................99
vaginalis, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ......................99, 100
vaginalis, Callyspongia (Spinosella) ....................................... 99
vaginalis, Spinosella ................................................................99
vaginalis, Spinosella vaginalis forma ......................................99
vaginalis, Spongia ...................................................................99
vanhoeffeni, Tedania ...................................................165, 166
vanhoeffeni, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) ...........................166, 167
vanhoffeni, Tedania ............................................... 165, 166, 167
vanhoffeni, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) ........................................165
vansoesti, Igernella ..................................................................56
variabilis, Dysidea ...................................................................57
variabilis, Haliclona ..............................................................103
variabilis, Pachychalina ........................................................103
variabilis, Spongosorites ..........................................................90
variabilis, Trochospongilla .................................................139
variabilis var. arachnoides, Ascandra.......................................30
varians, Anthosigmella .................................................... 66, 205
varians, Cliona ...................................................... 66, 205, 213
varians, Spirastrella ......................................................... 66, 213
varians, Thalysias ....................................................................66
variantia, Halichondria ........................................................151
vastifica, Cliona .......................................................................67
velata, Spongelia .....................................................................60
ventilabra, Spongia .................................................................90
ventilabrum, Halichondria .....................................................90
ventilabrum, Phakellia .................................................... 90, 211
ventilabrum var. connexiva, Phakellia ............................ 90, 211
vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis, Spongia ................ 62, 213
vermiculata ditelliformis, Spongia .................................. 62, 213
vermiculata, Spongia ...................................................... 62, 213
Verongia ................... 54, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 199, 200, 216
Verongida .............................................................................171
Verongula .............................................................................178
vesparia, Cliona ......................................................................67
vesparia, Spheciospongia .........................................................67
vesparium, Alcyonium ............................................................67
vesparium, Spheciospongia ..........................................67, 212
vickersii, Dictyocylindrus ......................................................148
vigilans, Sycon .......................................................................31
Viles .........................................................................................95
villosa, Callyspongia ...........................................................100
villosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ................................100
villosa, Dactylochalina ...........................................................100
villosa, Esperiopsis .................................................................152
villosa, Spongia .....................................................................100
Vioa ..................................................................... 41, 64, 66, 216
251
Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera
violacea, Holoxea .............................................................40, 74
virgula, Rhabdastrella ....................................................42, 74
virgultosa, Spongia .................................................. 60, 147, 214
viridis, Amphimedon ..........................................................104
viridis, Haliclona ...................................................................104
viridis, Haliclona (Amphimedon) .........................................104
viridis var. carteri, Cliona ............................................... 64, 207
volkmeri, Corvospongilla ............................................125, 207
Vomerula ...............................................................................153
vosmaeri, Geodia ....................................................... 47, 48, 208
vosmaeri, Synops ................................................. 47, 48, 49, 215
Vosmaeropsis .......................................................... 30, 200, 205
Vulcanella ............................................................... 52, 200, 213
Vulcanella (Vulcanella) .................................................52, 213
vulcani, Caminus ....................................................................44
W zyggompha, Plakortis ............................................................141
wagneri, Spongilla ......................................................... 133, 214
walpersi, Pandaros ..................................................................91
252
walpersi, Ptilocaulis ..............................................................91
walteri, Acanthotetilla ........................................................167
Waltherarndtia ....................................................................200
weinbergi, Petrosia ..............................................................107
weinbergi, Petrosia (Petrosia) .............................. 80, 107, 196
wiedenmayeri, Agelas ......................................................39, 40
Wilsonella ..............................................................................148
X
Xestospongia ...................................80, 106, 107, 197, 200, 212
Y
Yucatania ...............................................................................52
Z
zeae, Chalinula ....................................................................101
zyggompha, Roosa .................................................................141
Zygomycale .................................................................... 158, 216
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299
 Catalogue of
Brazilian Porifera
T
he scientific interest for sponges (Phylum Porifera) in Brazil has grown
enormously in the last decades. Unfortunately, the increase in the number of
articles also increased the confusion in the taxonomy of sponges of Brazil, mainly
due to the instability of sponge classification, to misunderstandings of synonyms, and
to a large number of articles published by non-taxonomists or in relatively obscure,
regional journals. It became thus necessary to revise and organize the literature citations
of sponges from Brazil, in an attempt to determine which and how many sponge species
occur in the Brazilian extensive hydrographic basins and Exclusive Economic Zone.
This catalogue is a compilation of all names of sponge species ever reported from Brazil
and all the relevant references about Brazilian sponges up to year 2010. Valid species
names are separated from non-accepted names and unidentified species, reported as
affinis (aff.), confer (cf.), or species (sp.). Taxonomic changes implicit in the literature
are updated and formalized. For each species are listed all names used to refer to it
with the corresponding references and pages, the type specimens, the type locality, the
precise location of each record, and its distribution in Brazil and in the world; remarks
are added when necessary. This catalogue also provides lists of species reported for each
locality and tries to detect and to correct several misinterpretations about the identity,
classification and distribution of the sponges reported from Brazil. It points out the
endemic species, the species with taxonomic problems that need revision, and the
poorly known regions and localities that need more collections.
This catalogue is meant to be a tool for the sponge taxonomist as a guide to the specialized
literature about Porifera of Brazil, and hopefully will provide a more solid basis for the
future development of sponge taxonomy in Brazil.

Front cover: Marine sponges from

Brazil. Clockwise from top left:
Ectyoplasia ferox , Paraleucilla
magna, Callyspongia pergamentacea,
Clathrina aurea, Petrosia weinbergi.
PHOTOS GUILHERME MURICY.

Left: Heteromeyenia cristalina, a

freshwater sponge.
PHOTO ULISSES PINHEIRO.

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