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understand and respond to simultaneous speakers. They posit a restaurant scenario in which the
robot is a waiter. When three people stand before the robot and simultaneously order pork cutlet
meals or French dinners, the robot understands at about 70 percent comprehension, responding by
repeating each order and giving the total price. This process takes less than two seconds and,
crucially, requires no prior voice training.
Such auditory powers mark a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence – how to teach
machines to pick out significant sounds amid the hubbub. This is known as the cocktail party effect,
and most machines do not do any better than humans who have had a few too many martinis.
Scientific American, August 2007.
3. O texto refere-se a “the cocktail party effect” (l.____), que é metáfora para descrever a
dificuldade de
a) selecionar sons relevantes, a que prestar atenção, em locais com muita gente.
b) escolher pessoas importantes com quem conversar em festas.
c) circular e se aproximar de pessoas em coquetéis.
d) beber só um pouco para conseguir interagir com outros convidados.
e) conversar casualmente sobre diversos temas.
Researchers studying 313 healthy Vietnam veterans have found that anger, depression and
hostility may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Over a period of ten years, the men had regular physical examinations involving a wide
variety of medical tests. They also underwent psychological examinations using well-established
questionnaires to determine their levels of hostility, anger and depression.
The researchers measured blood levels of a protein called C3, a marker for the
inflammation that is a risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses. After controlling for other variables, the
scientists found that those in the highest one-quarter in hostility, anger and depression showed a
steady and significant increase in C3 levels, while those in the lowest one-quarter had no increase.
www.nytimes.com, August 14, 2007. Adaptado.
1. D
2. E
3. A
4. B
5. C