Inaqua Modulos

REPBLICA
DE MOAMBIQUE
MINISTRIO DAS PESCAS
CURSO MODULAR DE CAPACITAO

EM AQUACULTURA
www.inaqua.gov.mz
I. IMPORTNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAO DO HOMEM

II. A PESCA MARTIMA NO MUNDO
III. NOO DE AQUACULTURA
IV. ORIGEM E VANTAGENS DA AQUACULTURA
V. AQUACULTURA EM MOAMBIQUE
VI. AS ESPCIES MAIS CULTIVADAS NO MUNDO E EM MOAMBIQUE
Mdulo1
PLANO TEMTICO (45 min.)
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
Introduo sobre Aquacultura no Pas e no Mundo
I IMPORTNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAO DO HOMEM

Cada um de ns deve ter na sua famlia pessoas idosas mas, ainda com sade. Porqu?
r 1PSRVF QBSBBMNEBTWFSEVSBT PTOPTTPTBOUFQBTTBEPTDPNJBNNVJUPQFJYF
0QFJYF
r NBJTCBSBUPRVFBDBSOF
r EFGDJMEJHFTUP
r 5FNQSPUFOBT SJDBTFNBNJOPDJEPTFTTFODJBJTQBSBPPSHBOJTNP
r 5FNHPSEVSBTTBVEWFJTDPNPPTDJEPTHPSEPTQPMJTTBUVSBEPTOFDFTTSJPTBP
Tecido nervoso

m'VOPDFSFCSBM

m1SFWFOPEBTEJBCFUFTFUSPNCPTFT
Controlo do nvel de colesterol

m1SFWFOPEFUVNPSFT
r 5FNDMDJPRVFGPSUJDBPTPTTPT
r 5FNGTGPSPRVFBDUJWBPDSFCSP
r SJDPFNWJUBNJOBTFNJOFSBJT JPEP DMDJP QPUTTJP GTGPSP FUD

r 5FNCBJYPUFPSDBMSJDP
1FMPTFVDPOUFEPOVUSJDJPOBM PQFJYFVNBMJNFOUPJOEJTQFOTWFMQBSBBTDSJBOBTFNDSFTDJNFOUPF
QBSBBTNVMIFSFTHSWJEBTFSFDPNFOEBTFRVF
r "TNVMIFSFTHSWJEBTDPOTVNBNQFJYF QBSBRVFPCFCOBTBNBJTTBVEWFMFRVFPTTFVT
PTTPTFEFOUFTTFKBNGPSUFT
r "TDSJBOBTDPOTVNBNQFJYFQBSBHBSBOUJSPGPSUBMFDJNFOUPEPTPTTPTFEPTEFOUFT CFNDPNP
QBSBHBSBOUJSPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPDSFCSP
"T BOMJTFT GFJUBT B EJGFSFOUFT QFJYFT NPTUSBN RVF PT NFTNPT BQSFTFOUBN FN NEJB B TFHVJOUF
DPNQPTJPOVUSJDJPOBM
5BCFMB$PNQPTJPOVUSJDJPOBMNEJBEPNTDVMPEPTQFJYFTEFHVBEPDF
gua
Protenas

Gorduras

Sais minerais

Carbohidratos
m
II A PESCA MARTIMA NO MUNDO

4FHVOEPB'"0
BQSPEVPNVOEJBMEBQFTDBFBRVBDVMUVSBFNBUJOHJVBT NJMIFTEF
UPOFMBEBT%FTUBT NJMIFTGPSBNPSFTVMUBEPEBQFTDBFYUSBDUJWBF
EBBRVBDVMUVSB
0TEF[QSJODJQBJTQBTFTQSPEVUPSFTTP$IJOB 1FS &TUBEPT6OJEPT $IJMF *OEPOTJB +BQP OEJB 3TTJB

5BJMOEJBF/PSVFHB RVBTFTFNWBSJBPFNSFMBPBBOPTBOUFSJPSFT
" BRVBDVMUVSB DPOUJOVB B DSFTDFS NBJT SBQJEBNFOUF EP RVF RVBMRVFS PVUSP TFDUPS EF QSPEVP EF
BMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNBOJNBMFTVBUBYBEFDSFTDJNFOUPOPNVOEPEF BPBOPFORVBOUPBQSPEVP
EBQFTDBFYUSBDUJWBFTUFTUBCJMJ[BEBIBOPT QSBUJDBNFOUFFNSFUSPDFTTP
"FYQFDUBUJWBEPTFTQFDJBMJTUBTEFRVFFNBBRVBDVMUVSBTFKBSFTQPOTWFMQPSEBPGFSUBEF
QFTDBEPQBSBPDPOTVNPIVNBOP PVTFKB VMUSBQBTTFNJMIFTEFUPOFMBEBT"TTJN BBRVBDVMUVSB
a actividade que pode ser indicada como alternativa pesca.
III NOO DE AQUACULTURA

"RVBDVMUVSBQSPWNEPMBUJNaqua HVB
FDVMUVSB DVMUJWP
RVFTJHOJDBBuBSUFEFDSJBSFNVMUJQMJDBS
BOJNBJTFQMBOUBTBRVUJDBTu
1BSB B '"0 BRVBDVMUVSB QPEF TFS EFOJEB DPNP a produo de organismos aquticos, incluindo peixes,
moluscos, crustceos e plantas aquticas, e a actividade de cultivo implica interveno do homem no processo de
criao para aumentar a produo, em operaes como reproduo, povoamento, alimentao e proteco contra
predadores DPNPPCKFDUJWPEFBVNFOUBSBQSPEVPEFQSPUFOBBOJNBMBDJNBEPOWFMRVFTFSJBQPTTWFM
BMDBOBSQFMBQSPEVPOBUVSBM
5PEBWJBBEFOJPBEPQUBEBFNBJTDPNVN UFNTJEPEFRVFB"26"$6-563"PDPOKVOUPEFUPEBTBT
BDUJWJEBEFTRVFUNQPSNBSFQSPEVP PDSFTDJNFOUP BFOHPSEB BNBOVUFOPFPNFMIPSBNFOUPEF
FTQDJFTBRVUJDBTQBSBOTEFQSPEVP TFOEPFTUBTPQFSBFTFGFDUVBEBTFNJOTUBMBFTBMJNFOUBEBT
QPS HVBT NBSUJNBT BRVBDVMUVSB NBSJOIB
QPS HVBT JOUFSJPSFT BRVBDVMUVSB EF HVB EPDF
PV QPS
BNCBT BRVBDVMUVSBEFHVBTTBMPCSBT

"BRVBDVMUVSBQPEFTFSEFWSJPTUJQPT
r ComerciaMRVBOEPPTFTGPSPTTPEJSJHJEPTQBSBPCUFOPEFMVDSPT
r SocialRVBOEPBQSPEVPWJTBBMJNFOUBS TFNOTMVDSBUJWPT
r 4BOJUSJBRVBOEPPPCKFDUJWPFMJNJOBSJOTFDUPT WFHFUBPEBOJOIB QPMVJP FUD
r RecreativaQFTDBEFTQPSUJWB
IV ORIGEM E VANTAGENS DA AQUACULTURA

"BRVBDVMUVSBVNBBDUJWJEBEFBOUJHB"DSFEJUBTFRVFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFUFWFBTVBPSJHFNOB$IJOBI
DFSDBEFBOPT/FTTBQPDB GPSBNDPOTUSVEPTPTQSJNFJSPTUBORVFTQBSBQJTDJDVMUVSBPOEFFSB
GFJUBBFOHPSEBEFKVWFOJTEFDBSQB DPNBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJT QSPEVPOBUVSBMEPUBORVF
*OTDSJFTFN
UVNCBTFHQDJBTUBNCNFWJEFODJBNBQJTDJDVMUVSBDPNPBDUJWJEBEFEFMB[FSFQSPEVPEFBMJNFOUPT
OP&HJQUPBOUJHP
%FOUSFBTQSJODJQBJTWBOUBHFOTEBQJTDJDVMUVSBEFQFRVFOBFTDBMB QPEFNPTEFTUBDBS
r "QSPWFJUBNFOUPEFSFBTJNQSPEVUJWBTPVEFCBJYPSFOEJNFOUPBHSPQFDVSJP
r 6UJMJ[BPEFTVCQSPEVUPTFSFTEVPTBHSPQFDVSJPTOBDSJBPEFQFJYFT
r 3QJEPSFUPSOPEPDBQJUBMJOWFTUJEP
r &MFWBEBQSPEVPQPSSFB
r 3FOEBDPNQMFNFOUBSQBSBPQSPEVUPS
r 6NBJNQPSUBOUFGPOUFEFFNQSFHP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFJNFEJBUBEPQSPEVUPTFNPTQSPCMFNBTEBTB[POBMJEBEF QPDBT
WFSJDBEPT
OBQFTDBFYUSBDUJWB
r #BJYPDVTUPEFQSPEVP RVBOEPDPNQBSBEBBPVUSBTBDUJWJEBEFTBHSPQFDVSJBT
r 0HSPTTPEBQSPEVPBRVDPMBDPNQPTUPQPSVNQFRVFOPONFSPEFFTQDJFTFYJTUJOEPVN
HSBOEFQPUFODJBMEFDVMUJWPFNNVJUBTPVUSBTFTQDJFT
r 1BSBDSJBSLHEFQFJYF OFDFTTSJBNBJTHVBEPRVFFNPVUSBTBDUJWJEBEFT1PSJTTPUBNCN
TFQPEFEFQBSBSDPNEJDVMEBEFEFFTDBTTF[EFHVB
r 'BMUBEFFTUVEPTFNSFMBPBWSJBTFTQDJFTEFQFJYFT
r 'VSUPEFQFJYFT
r $POTFSWBP BDBSOFEPQFJYFNBJTQFSFDWFMRVFBTEPTPVUSPTBOJNBJT

r "BRVBDVMUVSBJOUFOTJWBPVJOEVTUSJBM FNRVFVTBNSBFT BOUJCJUJDPTFPVUSPTQSPEVUPTQBSB
NBYJNJ[BSBQSPEVP QPEFQSFKVEJDBSPFDPTTJTUFNB BUSBWTEFFVFOUFTRVFTPMBOBEPT
OPNFJPBNCJFOUF TFOPGPSBEFRVBEBNFOUFHFSJEB
V AQUACULTURA EM MOAMBIQUE
"QSPEVPOBDJPOBMEFQFTDBEPOPSFHJTUB IWSJPTBOPT RVBMRVFSBVNFOUP3FDPOIFDFTFRVF PT
SFDVSTPTQFTRVFJSPTKGPSBNFYQMPSBEPTBUBDBQBDJEBEFNYJNBPVFTUPTFOEPFYQMPSBEPTFNFY
DFTTP&TQFSBTFRVFBQSPEVPQPTTBTFSBVNFOUBEBNFEJBOUFNFMIPSVUJMJ[BPEPTSFDVSTPTEBQFTDB
JOUFSJPSFJNQMBOUBPEFVNBBDUJWJEBEFEFBRVBDVMUVSBQMBOJDBEB
"QJTDJDVMUVSBFN.PBNCJRVFJOJDJPVOPTBOPTDPNBDPOTUSVPEFSFQSFTBTOB;BNC[JB /BNQVMB
F.BOJDB DPNBOBMJEBEFEFBMJNFOUBSPTFNQSFHBEPTEBTHSBOEFTQMBOUBFT/PDPNFPEPTBOPT
USTFTUBFTEFQFTRVJTBTGPSBNDPOTUSVEBTQFMP(PWFSOPBEF6NCFMV[J IB
BEF4VTTVOEFOHB
IB
F$ILX IB
0PCKFDUJWPQSJODJQBMFSBPSFQPWPBNFOUPEBTBMCVGFJSBT EFMBHPBTFSFTFSWBT
OBUVSBJTEFHVB
"DUVBMNFOUFPNBJPSEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFTUBBDUJWJEBEFETFOBQSPWODJBEF.BOJDB QSJODJQBMNFOUF
OPT EJTUSJUPT EF .BOJDB 4VTTVOEFOHB (POEPMB .PTTVSJ[F F #SVF UPEBWJB FTUB BDUJWJEBEF UFN TJEP
EFTFOWPMWJEBVNQPVDPQPSUPEPPQBT EFUBMNBOFJSBRVFSFHJTUPTEF JOEJDBNBFYJTUODJBEF
UBORVFTEFUFSSB BTTJNEJTUSJCVEPT .BOJDBm ;BNC[JBm /BNQVMBm /JBTTBm
5FUFm 4PGBMBm (B[Bm .BQVUPm *OIBNCBOFm $BCP%FMHBEPm

"QSPEVPUPUBMEFQFJYFTEBBRVBDVMUVSBFN.PBNCJRVFFNGPJEFDFSDBEFUPOFMBEBT EBT
RVBJT GPJPSFTVMUBEPEBQSPEVPGBNJMJBS&TUBQSPEVPGBNJMJBSSFHJTUPVVNBVNFOUPEFEP
BOPQBSB
/P MUJNP BOP B BRVBDVMUVSB EF HVBT JOUFSJPSFT GPJ NBSDBEB QFMP GPNFOUP EP DVMUJWP EF DBSQB FN
/JBTTB BJNQMBOUBPEFUSTQSPKFDUPTEFDVMUJWPEFUJMQJBFN5FUF CFNDPNPBDUJWJEBEFTEFUSPDBEF
FYQFSJODJB BTTJTUODJBUDOJDBFDBQBDJUBPEFQJTDJDVMUPSFTFFYUFOTJPOJTUBT
"DPOUSJCVJPEPTFDUPSEBT1FTDBTQBSBP1MBOPEF"DPQBSBB3FEVPEB1PCSF[B"CTPMVUB 1"31"

UJOIB DPNP PCKFDUJWP NFMIPSBS P OWFM EF WJEB EBT DPNVOJEBEFT F HBSBOUJS B FYQMPSBP
TVTUFOUWFMEPTSFDVSTPTQFTRVFJSPTFEFBRVBDVMUVSBBUSBWTEFBDFTRVFJODMVFNPBVNFOUPEPT
OWFJTEFQSPEVPEBBRVBDVMUVSBEFQFRVFOBFTDBMBFBFYQBOTPEBTSFBTEFDVMUVSBEBBRVBDVMUVSB
DPNFSDJBMEFDBNBSPFEFBMHBTDPNWJTUBBBVNFOUBSBDPOUSJCVJPQBSBBTFYQPSUBFT
$PN WJTUB B JNQVMTJPOBS P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EB BRVBDVMUVSB OP QBT BQSPWBEB FN "HPTUP EF
B&TUSBUHJBQBSBP%FTFOWPMWJNFOUPEB"RVBDVMUVSBFN.PBNCJRVFFDSJBEPP*/"26" *OTUJUVUP
/BDJPOBMEF%FTFOWPMWJNFOUPEB"RVBDVMUVSB
FN
%FWJEPTMJNJUBFTSFHJTUBEBTOBDBQUVSBEPQFTDBEP P1MBOPEF"DPQBSBB3FEVPEB1PCSF[B
"CTPMVUB 1"31"**
TVHFSFNVEBOBTFTUSVUVSBJTOPTFDUPSQFTRVFJSP EBOEPNBJTOGBTFBPTVCTFDUPSEF
BRVBDVMUVSB0TVCTFDUPSEFBRVBDVMUVSBQPEFDPOUSJCVJSTJHOJDBUJWBNFOUFOPBVNFOUPEBTFYQPSUBFT
FOBSFEVPEBQPCSF[BBCTPMVUB NFMIPSBSBTFHVSBOBBMJNFOUBSFOVUSJDJPOBM BVNFOUBSPSFOEJNFOUP
GBNJMJBSFDSJBSFNQSFHPOBT[POBTSVSBJT
VI AS ESPCIES MAIS CULTIVADAS NO MUNDO E EM MOAMBIQUE

"OWFMNVOEJBM EBTQSJODJQBJTFTQDJFTDVMUJWBEBT DJODPTPFTQDJFTEFDBSQB
r $BSQBQSBUFBEB )ZQPQIUIBMNJDIUIZTNPMJUSJY
r $BSQBDPNVN $ZQSJOVTDBSQJP
r $BSQBDBQJN $UFOPQIBSZOHPEPOJEFMMB
r $BSQBEFDBCFBHSBOEF "SJTUJDIUIZTOPCJMJT

F
r $BSQBTJOEJBOBT $BUMBDBUMB-BCFPSPIJUB$JSSIJOVTNSJHBMB
"TPVUSBTFTQDJFTTPPiNJMLTIu $IBOPTDIBOPT
BUJMQJB PDBNBSPUJHSF 1FOBFVTNPOPEPO
FP
TBMNPEP"UMOUJDP 4BMNPTBMBS
&N.PBNCJRVF BTQSJODJQBJTFTQDJFTBDUVBMNFOUFDVMUJWBEBTTP
1&*9&
r 5JMQJBNPBNCJDBOB(Oreochromis mossambicus)VNBFTQDJFRVFOPFTUBEPBEVMUPQPEFQFTBS
BULH FNFEFBUDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP QPEFOEPWJWFSBBOPT"QSFTFOUBEJWFSTBTDPSFT
EFTEFPFTDVSPBPDJO[FOUPBDBTUBOIBEP SFHJPWFOUSBMDMBSBPVDJO[FOUPQSBUFBEPBPMPOHPEP
DPSQPQPEFNTFWFSGBJYBTWFSUJDBJTJSSFHVMBSFTFTDVSBT"QSFTFOUBWJTWFMEJNPSTNPTFYVBM TFOEP
PTNBDIPTJOUFJSBNFOUFQSFUPTDPNVNBNBODIBCSBODBOBHBSHBOUBFWFSNFMIPOBTQPOUBTEBT
CBSCBUBOBT FORVBOUPBTGNFBTTPDJO[BPVDBTUBOIP
r 0reochromis niloticus UJMQJBEP/JMP
RVBOEPDSJBEBFNUBORVFTEFHVBBEVCBEB HFSBMNFOUFTV
QFSBFNDSFTDJNFOUPFDPOWFSTPBMJNFOUBSBTPVUSBTFTQDJFTEFUJMQJB"QSJODJQBMDBSBDUFSTUJDB
RVFEJTUJOHVFP0OJMPUJDVTBQSFTFOBEFSJTDBTFFTUSJBTQPSUPEPDPNQSJNFOUPEBCBSCBUBOB
DBVEBMFTUBFTQDJFEFTUBDBTFEBTEFNBJTFTQDJFT QFMPDSFTDJNFOUPSQJEP SFQSPEVPNBJT
UBSEJB QFSNJUJOEP BMDBOBS NBJPS UBNBOIP BOUFT EB QSJNFJSB SFQSPEVP
F BMUB QSPMJDJEBEF
QPTTJCJMJUBOEPBQSPEVPEFHSBOEFTRVBOUJEBEFTEFBMFWJOPT
3FQSPEV[TFEVSBOUFPBOPUPEP
NBTPQJDPDPJODJEFDPNBQPDBEBTDIVWBT"GNFBJODVCBPTPWPTOBCPDB
r Tilapia rendalli UJMQJBSFOEBMMJ
DBSBDUFSJ[BTFQPSUFSBDBCFBFPDPSQPEFDPMPSBPWFSEFB[FJUPOB
FPEPSTPFTDVSPDPSQPHFSBMNFOUFDPNCBSSBTWFSUJDBJTOFHSBT#BSCBUBOBEPSTBMWFSEFB[FJUPOB
DPNVNBQFRVFOBNBSHFNWFSNFMIBFCSBODBBUDJO[BFTDVSPDPNQPOUPTPCMRVPT#BSCBUBOB
DBVEBM QPOUVBEB OB QPSP EPSTBM F WFSNFMIP PV BNBSFMP OB QPSP WFOUSBM 1PEF BUJOHJS VN
NYJNPEFDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP QFTBS LHFWJWFSFNUPSOPEFBOPT"UJOHFBNBUVSJEBEF
TFYVBMDPNNFTFTEFJEBEFFDFSDBEFDN/BBMUVSBEBSFQSPEVP PTPWPTTPEFQPTJUBEPT
FNCVSBDPTGFJUPTQFMPNBDIPOBTTVQFSGDJFTJOUFSJPSFTEPTEJRVFTFNHVBSBTBPOEFBRVBOUJ
EBEFEFPYJHOJPBCVOEBOUF
r Cyprinus carpio DBSQBDPNVN
OBTVBGPSNBTFMWBHFNEFDPSWFSEFB[FJUPOBOBSFHJPEPSTBMEP
DPSQPFBNBSFMBEBOBTMBUFSBJTFOBCBSSJHB$POUVEP BHFSBPEFIESJDPTUPSOBBTDPSFTNVJUP
WBSJWFJT F DBCFB NBJT QFRVFOB " FTQDJF DBSBDUFSJ[BEB QPS BQSFTFOUBS VNB FTQJOIB EPSTBM
TFSSJMIBEB 0T NBDIPT TP EJGFSFODJBEPT EBT GNFBT QPS BQSFTFOUBSFN VNB HSBOEF CBSCBUBOB
WFOUSBM"CPDBUFSNJOBMOPTJOEJWEVPTBEVMUPT FTVCUFSNJOBMFNJOEJWEVPTKPWFOT$PMPSBP
FQSPQPSPTPWBSJWFJT FBTFTDBNBTTPTFNQSFHSBOEFTFHSPTTBTDPCSJOEPUPEPPDPSQP
1PTTVFNVNQBSEFCBSCJMIFTOPTDBOUPTEBCPDB1PEFNBUJOHJSBNBUVSJEBEFDPNNFTFT
DN

r Ctenopharyngodon idella DBSQBDBQJN
DBSBDUFSJ[BTFQPSUFSPDPSQPSPMJP CFNNBJTOPFDPN
QSJEPEPRVFBTPVUSBTDBSQBT5FNFTDBNBTHSBOEFT QSBUFBEBTFVOJGPSNFTQFMPDPSQPVN
QFJYFDPNNVJUBBHJMJEBEFFSBQJEF[ GBDUPOPNVJUPDPNVNFNPVUSBTDBSQBT"MJNFOUBTFUBOUP
OBTVQFSGDJFRVBOUPOPGVOEP$IFHBBNBJTEFLHFNOPTTPTQFTRVFJSPT&YDFMFOUFQSPEVUPS
EFBEVCPPSHOJDPQPEFDPOTVNJSEJBSJBNFOUFEFBEPTFVQFTP"MDBOBDFSDBEF LH
com um ano de idade.
CAMARO
Penaeus indicus DBNBSPCSBODP
RVFQPEFBUJOHJSBUDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP"QSFTFOUBNVNBDPS
SPTBBNBSFMBEPQMJEB TFNJUSBOTMDJEPDPNNBODIBTEFDPSWFSEFB[FJUPOBDJO[FOUPB[VMBEB0TKVWFOJT
WJWFNFN[POBTFTUVBSJOBTFPTBEVMUPTTPNBSJOIPTWJWFOEPFNGVOEPTEFMPEPFBSFJBEFBNEF
profundidade.
Penaeus monodon VNB FTQDJF EF DBNBSP DPOIFDJEB DPNP iDBNBSP UJHSFuRVF DIFHB B BUJOHJS
DN EF DPNQSJNFOUP "QSFTFOUB VNB DPS DJO[FOUPB[VMBEB DPN DBSBQBB F BCENFO DPN MJTUSBT
FTDVSBTFDMBSBT0BCENFOBQSFTFOUBQMFQPEFT QBUBTOBUBUSJBT
DPNGSBOKBTEFDFSEBTWFSNFMIBT
0T KVWFOJT WJWFN FN HVBT SBTBT EPT FTUVSJPT F NBOHBJT 0T BEVMUPT WJWFN FN BNCJFOUF NBSJOIP
TFOEPFODPOUSBEPTFNGVOEPTEFMPEPFBSFJB QPSWF[FTNJTUVSBEPTDPNDPODIBT BUNFUSPTEF
QSPGVOEJEBEF NBJTGSFRVFOUFBNFOPTEFN
I. INTRODUO
II. SELECO DO LOCAL
B
%JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFHVB
C
2VBMJEBEFEFHVB
D
5PQPHSBBEPUFSSFOP
d.
Qualidade dos solos
III. TANQUES DE TERRA PARA A PISCICULTURA

a.
Testes para determinar o tipo de solo
C
$POTUSVPEPUBORVFEFUFSSB
D
'PSNBUPFEJNFOTFTEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB
E
7BOUBHFOTFEFTWBOUBHFOTEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB
IV. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES

B
$POTUSVPEFVNBHBJPMBVUVBOUF
C
7BOUBHFOTFEFTWBOUBHFOTEBTHBJPMBTVUVBOUFT
Mdulo 2
1-"/05&.5*$0 .*/
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
Sistemas de cultivo
10
I INTRODUO
1BSBBDSJBPEBTUJMQJBT PNBJTDPNVNTPPTUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTOPTPMP EFTJHOBEPTEFUBORVFTEF
UFSSB.BT PTUBORVFTQPEFNTFSUBNCNGFJUPEFDJNFOUP QMTUJDPPVPVUSPNBUFSJBMJNQFSNFWFM
&NHSBOEFTUBORVFTEFUFSSBQPEFNTFSDPMPDBEBTBMHVNBTHBJPMBT BTIBQBT
EFNPEPBTFQBSBSPT
QFJYFTQPSHOFSPT JEBEFTPVQPSEFTPWBTQBSBRVFPUBNBOIPEFTUFTFNDBEBIBQBTFKBVOJGPSNFF
facilite a colheita.
0T QFJYFT QPEFN UBNCN TFS DSJBEPT FN HBJPMBT RVF TP TVTQFOTBT OPT DPSQPT EF HVB DPNP SJPT
MBHPBT MBHPTPVOPNBS BTHBJPMBTVUVBOUFT

1BSBBEFUFSNJOBPEPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWP QBSBBMNEBTEJNFOTFTEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVPEFWF
TFUFSFNDPOUBPTQSJODJQBJTQBSNFUSPTEFRVBMJEBEFEFHVB UFNQFSBUVSB TBMJOJEBEF Q) BNOJBF
NJOFSBJT
BEFRVBEPTFTQDJFBTFSQSPEV[JEB
"DPOEJPGVOEBNFOUBMQBSBRVFTFGBBBBRVBDVMUVSBBBCVOEODJBEFHVBEFCPBRVBMJEBEF
II SELECO DO LOCAL
"/5&4EFTFDPOTUSVJSVNUBORVFEFUFSSBQBSBBJNQMFNFOUBPEBQJTDJDVMUVSB EFWFTFTFMFDDJPOBS
BFTQDJFFQBSBMFMBNFOUFPCTFSWBS QSJODJQBMNFOUF PTTFHVJOUFTGBDUPSFTRVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEB
HVB UPQPHSBBEPUFSSFOP UJQPFRVBMJEBEFEPTPMPFTJTUFNBEFFTDPBNFOUP
a) Disponibilidade de gua
"HVBEJTQPOWFMQBSBPTUBORVFTEFWFTFSTVDJFOUFQBSBPBCBTUFDJNFOUPJOJDJBM SFQPTJPEBTQFSEBT
QPSFWBQPSBPFJOMUSBP%FQSFGFSODJBRVFFYJTUBVNBGPOUFEFHVBEFOUSPEPUFSSFOPPOEFTF
QSFUFOEFDPOTUSVJS UBMDPNPOBTDFOUFTSJBDIPTPVFNMUJNPDBTP HVBTVCUFSSOFB
4FNQSF RVF QPTTWFM P BCBTUFDJNFOUP EFWF TFS GFJUP QPS HSBWJEBEF QBSB SFEV[JS PT DVTUPT DPN BT
NPUPCPNCBTFPVUSPTFRVJQBNFOUPT DPOTVNPEFFOFSHJBFMDUSJDB DPNCVTUWFM QBSBBMNEPTDVTUPT
EFNBOVUFOP

"RVBOUJEBEFEFHVBOFDFTTSJBQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEBQJTDJDVMUVSB DBMDVMBEBPCTFSWBOEPTFB
SFB BQSPGVOEJEBEFEPUBORVFFPQFTPOBMUPUBMEPTQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT2VBOUPNBJPSGPSP
QFTPOBMUPUBMEBQSPEVP NBJPSRVBOUJEBEFEFHVBTFSSFRVFSJEBQBSBBSFDJSDVMBPFPYJHFOBP
da mesma.
"RVBOUJEBEFNOJNBEFHVBOFDFTTSJBQBSBBDSJBPEFQFJYFTEFWFTFSUBMRVFQFSNJUBFODIFSPT
UBORVFTFNQPVDPUFNQPFNBOUMPTDPNPOWFMEFHVBDPOTUBOUFEVSBOUFUPEBTBTQPDBTEPBOP
&TTBRVBOUJEBEFWBJEFQFOEFSNVJUPEBSFHJPWJTUPRVFEFWFTFSTVDJFOUFQBSBFODIFSPTUBORVFTPV
WJWFJSPTFDPNQFOTBSBTQFSEBTDBVTBEBTQFMBFWBQPSBPFJOMUSBPEBHVB
0DPOIFDJNFOUPEPWPMVNFNYJNPOPTQFSPEPTEFDIFJBTFEPWPMVNFNOJNPOPQFSPEPEFTFDB
UBNCNNVJUPJNQPSUBOUF
C
Qualidade da gua
EBHVBRVFPTQFJYFTPCUNPPYJHOJPQBSBBSFTQJSBPFPVUSPTOVUSJFOUFTRVFGBSPQBSUFEBTVB
DPNQPTJPDPSQPSBM"GBMUBEFPYJHOJP BUFNQFSBUVSBNVJUPCBJYBPVBBDJEF[FYDFTTJWB QPSFYFNQMP
QPEFN TFS QSFKVEJDJBJT BPT QFJYFT "MHVOT QFJYFT TP DBQB[FT EF TPCSFWJWFS FN DPOEJFT BEWFSTBT
SFEV[JOEPBQFOBTPTFVDSFTDJNFOUPPVJOUFSSPNQFOEPPTFVDJDMPSFQSPEVUJWP$POUVEP IFTQDJFT
RVFOPTPCSFWJWFN
11
"TTJN B RVBMJEBEFEFHVBEJTQPOWFMEFUFSNJOBFTQDJFEFQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT QPSN TF B

RVBMJEBEF EB HVB FTUJWFS GPSB EPT MJNJUFT SFRVFSJEPT QFMB FTQDJF B TFS QSPEV[JEB OP IBWFS VNB
SFTQPTUBFDJFOUFFNUFSNPTEFDSFTDJNFOUPFFOHPSEB
4FNQSFRVFQPTTWFMEFWFTFDPOIFDFSBQSPWFOJODJBEBHVB QPSRVFHVBTQPMVEBTTPJNQSQSJBT
QBSB B BRVBDVMUVSB " QPMVJP QPEF TFS EF PSJHFN BHSDPMB DPNP PT BEVCPT F QFTUJDJEBT BSUJDJBJT
QSPWFOJFOUF EF SFTEVPT JOEVTUSJBJT EF FTHPUPT EPNTUJDPT QPEFOEP DPOUFS DPMJGPSNFT GFDBJT RVF
TFSWJSPEPTQFJYFTDPNPWFDVMPTQBSBDPOUBNJOBSFNP)PNFN QSPWPDBOEPBDMFSBEFNJOFSBP
RVFDPOUBNJOBNBHVBDPNNJOSJPTUYJDPTFUD
"T HVBT EBT OBTDFOUFT TP BT NBJT MJWSFT EF QPMVJP QPS JTTP NVJUBT WF[FT SFDPNFOEBEBT QBSB B
QJTDJDVMUVSB$POUVEP OFNTFNQSFDPOUNOVUSJFOUFTFNQSPQPSFTRVFTBUJTGBBNOVUSJDJPOBMNFOUF
BTEJWFSTBTFTQDJFTEFQFJYFT
"THVBTEFSJPT SJBDIPTFSFTFSWBUSJPTTPBTNBJTVUJMJ[BEBTOBQJTDJDVMUVSB QPSNEFWFTFUFSVNB
BUFOPNBJPSQPMVJPFQSFTFOBEFPVUSPTPSHBOJTNPTDPNQFUJEPSFTFFQSFEBEPSFT
c) Topografia do Terreno
"UPQPHSBBEPUFSSFOPVNGBDUPSJNQPSUBOUF0SFMFWPEPUFSSFOPRVFEFUFSNJOBPUJQP ONFSP
superfcie e forma dos cativeiros a serem construdos.
0UFSSFOPTFMFDDJPOBEPEFWFTFSQMBOPBNEFGBDJMJUBSFCBJYBSPTDVTUPTEFSFNPPEFUFSSBQBSBB
DPOTUSVPEPTDBUJWFJSPTFEFWFUFSVNEFDMJWFTVDJFOUFQBSBRVFFTUFTQPTTBNTFSBCBTUFDJEPTEF
HVBQPSHSBWJEBEF FTUBOEPBSFBEFDBQUBPOVNOWFMBDJNBEPMPDBMFTDPMIJEPQBSBBDSJBPF
esvaziados naturalmente.
d) Qualidade dos Solos
" RVBMJEBEF EP TPMP EFWF TFS DPOUSPMBEB TFNQSF RVF TF QSFUFOEB NPOUBS VN DBUJWFJSP 1BSB JTTP
JNQPSUBOUFDPOIFDFSTFPQ) BDJEF[
EPTPMP TFOEPBNFEJEBJEFBMQSYJNPEF QSYJNPTBPOFVUSP

0TQFJYFTOPTVQPSUBNHSBOEFTWBSJBFTEPQ)&TUBTWBSJBFTQPEFNTFSPDBTJPOBEBTQPSDIVWBT
JOUFOTBTPVQPSBEVCBPFYDFTTJWB
" DPSSFDP EP Q) DJEP EFWF TFS GFJUB BUSBWT EP QSPDFTTP EF DBJBHFN BQMJDBP EF DBSCPOBUP EF
DMDJP
FNRVBOUJEBEFWBSJWFM EFBDPSEPDPNPUJQPEFTPMPFPQ)NFEJEP
III TANQUES DE TERRA PARA PISCICULTURA

0TUBORVFTEFUFSSBQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBTPFTDBWBFTGFJUBTOPTPMP DPNNFDBOJTNPTQBSBBFOUSBEBF
TBEBEBHVBFPVUSPTBQFUSFDIPTQBSBBTVBGVODJPOBMJEBEF
&NGVOPEPTJTUFNBEFBCBTUFDJNFOUPEFHVB PTUBORVFTTPEJWJEJEPT FNUSTUJQPT
5BORVFTEPUJQPCBSSBHFN que interceptam um riacho.

r /PUNVNBGPSNBEFOJEB TPDPOTUSVEPTHFSBMNFOUFFNGVOEPTEFWBMFT BQSPWFJUBOEP
OBTDFOUFTPVSJBDIPTRVFBMJFYJTUBN4PNBJTVTBEPTQBSBiFOHPSEBuEFQFJYF
r 5BORVFTEFEFSJWBPmOPRVBMPBCBTUFDJNFOUPGFJUPQPSNFJPEFDBOBJTPVUVCBHFN
r 5BORVFTBCBTUFDJEPTDPNHVBTVCUFSSOFBmRVFTPFTDBWBEPTFN[POBTPOEFP
MFOPMGSFUJDPFTUBQFRVFOBQSPGVOEJEBEF QFSNJUJOEPBTTJNPBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEFTTBHVB
QBSBBCBTUFDJNFOUPEPUBORVF
12
0UJQPEFTPMPPVUSPGBDUPSBUFSTFFNDPOUB
r 4PMPTarenosoTOPTFSWFNQBSBDPOTUSVPEFUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTOBUVSBJT TFNWFEBP

QPJTQPTTVFNBMUBJOGJMUSBP"DPOTUSVPEFUBORVFTEFBMWFOBSJBPVWFEBEPTDPNMPOB
TFSJBNVNBBMUFSOBUJWB NBTJTTPBDBSSFUBVNNBJPSDVTUPEFJNQMBOUBP
r 4PMPTBSHJMPTPTTPJOEFTFKWFJT QPJTFODIBSDBNTFDPNGBDJMJEBEFFRVBOEPTFDBN
GJDBNEVSPTFSBDIBNNVJUP BMNEFBQSFTFOUBSFNCBJYBBFSBPOBUVSBM
r

+PTTPMPTBSFOPBSHJMPTPT BSHJMBFBSFJB
QPSTFSFNGDFJTEFFTDBWBSFOP
QFSNJUJSFNJOMUSBFTFYDFTTJWBT IBWFOEPVNBBDFJUWFMQFSEBEFHVB TPPTJOEJDBEPT
QBSBBBCFSUVSBEFUBORVFT/FTUFDBTPOFDFTTSJPWFSJDBSBQFSNFBCJMJEBEFFUFYUVSBEP
TPMP QPJTFTUFOPQPEFTFSNVJUPQFSNFWFMHVBFEFWFTFSTVGJDJFOUFNFOUF
DPNQBDUBOUF QBSBFWJUBSBFSPTPFNPEJDBPEBFTUSVUVSBEPUBORVF
ObservaoVNTPMPDPOTJEFSBEPJNQFSNFWFMRVBOEPUJWFSOWFJTEFJOMUSBPEFBUNNEF
HVBEJB
a) Testes para determinar o tipo de solo
1BSBFYBNJOBSTFPTPMPPJEFBMQBSBBBCFSUVSBEPUBORVF GBBPTFHVJOUFUFTUF
5FTUF
'BBVNCVSBDPEFNEFQSPGVOEJEBEFFQFHVFVNBBNPTUSBEFTPMPEPGVOEP
.PMIFFTUFTPMPFDPNVNQPVDP GBBVNBCPMBOBNP
"UJSFBVOTDNBPBSFEFJYFRVFFMBDBJBTPCSFBQBMNBEBTVBNP
4FBCPMBTFEFT[FSOBTVBNP PTPMPOPCPNQBSBTFDPOTUSVJSPUBORVF
5FTUF
'BBVNSPMJOIPDPNVNBBNPTUSBIVNFEFDJEBEBUFSSBEPMPDBM UJSBEBBDFSDBEFNEFQSP
fundidade.
4FGPSQPTTWFMKVOUBSBTEVBTQPOUBTGB[FOEPVNBiBSHPMBu TJHOJDBRVFPTPMPUFNVNBCPB
NJTUVSBEFBSHJMBFBSFJB
$BTPDPOUSSJP QSPDVSFPVUSPMPDBMQBSBBCSJSPUBORVF
5FTUF QFSNFBCJMJEBEFEPUFSSFOP

&ODIBEFHVBBUBPUPQPVNCVSBDPDPNDFSDBEFVNNFUSPEFQSPGVOEJEBEF
$VCSBPCVSBDPDPNGPMIBT
/PEJBTFHVJOUFPOWFMEBHVBEFWFSUFSCBJYBEPEFWJEPJOMUSBP
4FBTQBSFEFTEPCVSBDPDBNTBUVSBEBTQSPWBWFMNFOUFDPNBHVB TJHOJDBRVFPTPMPQPEF
TVQPSUBSNFMIPSBHVB
3FFODIBEFHVBPCVSBDPBUBPUPQP
$VCSBVNBWF[NBJTDPNBTGPMIBT7FSJRVFPOWFMEBHVBOPEJBTFHVJOUF
4FPOWFMEBHVBBJOEBFMFWBEP TJHOJDBRVFPTPMPTVDJFOUFNFOUFJNQFSNFWFMF
BEFRVBEPQBSBBDPOTUSVPEPUBORVF
13
C
Construo do Tanque de terra
0 TUBORVFTEFWFNTFSDPOTUSVEPTEFQSFGFSODJB FTDBWBEPTPVDPNMFWBOUBNFOUPEF
EJRVFTBQSPWFJUBOEPPNYJNPEBUPQPHSBGJBFYJTUFOUF
0MPDBMFTDPMIJEPQBSBBDPOTUSVPEFWFTFSUPUBMNFOUFMJNQPSFUJSBOEPTFUPEBTBTSWPSFT BSCVT
UPT WFHFUBP SB[FT QFESBTFPVSPDIBT QBSBUPSOBSPUFSSFOPNBJTFTUWFMFFWJUBSQSPCMF
NBTEFJOGJMUSBP
%FTFHVJEB EFWFSNBSDBSPUBORVFDPNPBVYMJPEFFTUBDBT QSPDFEBNBSDBPEPlimite (externo) dos diques CFNDPNPBNBSDBPEPTlimites internos do fundo dos tanques us
BOEPDPSEBPVGJPSHJEP
3FUJSFBDBNBEBTVQFSJPSEPTPMPFDPOTFSWFPGPSBEBSFBEPUBORVF QBSBNBJTUBSEFDPN
QBDUBSPTEJRVFT&TTFTPMPrico em nutrientes e hmusFEFWFTFSVTBEPQBSBDPCSJSPGVOEP
EPUBORVFFQBSBDPCSJSPTEJRVFT
5. Cave o tanque e em simultneo construa os diques (ou paredes). Ao cavar, use o solo reti
rado para construir os diques.
"DPNQBDUBPEPGVOEPFEPTEJRVFT QBSFEFT
QSUJDBobrigatria para evitar paredes para
NBJPSTFHVSBOBFEVSBCJMJEBEF
DPNQBDUFCFNPTPMPBPDPOTUSVJSPTEJRVFT VTBOEPPTQT
PVDPNPBVYMJPEVNUSPODPQFTBEP4FFODPOUSBSTPMPBSFOPTPEFNRVBMJEBEF EFWFSMBO
MPQBSBGPSBEBSFBEPWJWFJSPmno o use para construir os diques.
0TEJRVFTEVNUBORVF EFWFNUFSDFSDBEFDNBDJNBEPOWFMEBHVBOPUBORVFEFWFN ser
largos e resistentesQBSBTVQPSUBSFNBQSFTTPEBHVBEntre dois tanques,PTEJRVFT QBSBBMN
EFFTUBSFNNVJUPCFNDPNQBDUBEPT UNRVFSFTJTUJSQSFTTPEFHVBEFBNCPTPTMBEPT
3FDPNFOEBTFRVFBTVBMBSHVSBTFKBsuperior a dois metros5BNCNQBSBJNQFEJSBFSPTPEPT
EJRVFT EFWFTFplantar relva ou capim selvagemFNUPEBBFYUFOTPEPTEJRVFT
"PDBWBSPUBORVF OFDFTTSJPUFSTFFNDPOUBRVFP fundo do tanqueEFWFSTFSinclinado.
Na parte menos profundaBHVBEFWFSDIFHBSBPOWFMEPTKPFMIPT0VTFKB PGVOEPEFWFUFS
VNBJODMJOBPEF FNEJSFDPBPTJTUFNBEFFTDPBNFOUP
"CSBBFOUSBEBFBTBEBEBHVBOPUBORVF0DBOBMEFentradaRVFUSBOTQPSUBBHVBQBSBPJOUF
SJPSEPUBORVF EFWFDBSEPlado menos fundo&TUBHVBHFSBMNFOUFDPOUNCBTUBOUFTFEJNFOUP
RVFQPEFSJBUPSOBSPUBORVFNVJUPMBNBDFOUP"PDBWBSPDBOBMQBSBBFOUSBEBEBHVB DBWFVN
CVSBDPEFCBJYPEPUVCPEFFOUSBEB*TUPQFSNJUJSRVFPTPMPTFEJNFOUFFFWJUBRVFFMFTFFODIBEF
MBNB0UVCPEFFOUSBEBBUSBWFTTBPEJRVFFEFTFNCPDBOPJOUFSJPSEPUBORVF%FWFTFSJOTUBMBEP
VNMUSPOPUVCPQBSBFWJUBSRVFQFJYFTTFMWBHFOTFOUSFNOPUBORVF FNGPSNBEFPWPT MBSWBTPV
mesmo juvenis). No interior do tanque, canal de entradaEFWFFTUBSIDFSDBEF15 cm acima do
nvel da gua.1PSVNMBEP JTUPJNQFEFRVFPTQFJYFTFTDBQFNQFMPUVCP FQPSPVUSPMBEP NJT
UVSBBSBPFOUSBSOPUBORVF SFGPSBOEPPUFPSFNPYJHOJP
0DBOBMEFescoamentoEBHVB EFWFDBSEPlado oposto ao que contem o canal de entrada
FBVNOWFMNBJTCBJYP5BNCNEFWFFTUBSQSPUFHJEPDPNVNMUSPQBSBJNQFEJSBTBEBJOEFTF
KBEBEPQFJYFFNDSJBP&TUFDBOBMEFFTDPBNFOUPUFNDPNPOBMJEBEFSFUJSBSBHVBEPGVOEP
e manter o nvel desejado.
$PNPMUSPT QPEFNTFSVTBEPTBMHVOTVUFOTMJPTDPNPQFEBPTEFSFEFNFUMJDB QPUFTEFBSHJMB
DPNPSJGDJPT QFEBPTEFDIBQBDPNPSJGDJPPVBUNFTNPSFUBMIPTEFSFEFNPTRVJUFJSB
c) Formato e Dimenses de Tanques de terra
r "GPSNBFEJNFOTFTEPTUBORVFTWBSJBEFBDPSEPDPNBTFTQDJFTDSJBEBT UPQPHSBGJBEP
14
UFSSFOP EJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFHVB TJTUFNBEFDSJBP
r 1PSPVUSPMBEP PTUBORVFTQBSBDSJBPEFQFJYFT EFWFNTFSDPOTUSVEPTEFNBOFJSBRVF

possam ser enchidos com facilidade e esvaziados por completo.
r 0TUBORVFTSFDUBOHVMBSFTTPNBJTGDFJTEFTFSFNDPOTUSVEPT FGBDJMJUBNBSFDPMIBEPT
QFJYFT RVBOEPDPNQBSBEPTDPNUBORVFTRVBESBEPTPVDJSDVMBSFT
r 5BORVFNVJUPQFRVFOP BCBJYPEFN
BVNFOUBPTDVTUPTEFQSPEVP
r 0TUBORVFTQPEFNTFSNVJUPNBJPSFT QPEFOEPUFSBUIBPVTFKB N (quanto
NBJPSGPSPUBORVFOPTJTUFNBFYUFOTJWP NFMIPSBQSPEVP
r /PDPOUFYUPBDUVBM SFDPNFOEBTFBDPOTUSVPEFUBORVFTSFDUBOHVMBSFTDPNVNBSFB
NOJNBEFN&TUFTQPEFNBMDBOBSVNBQSPEVPEFQFJYFEF,HOVNDJDMP
EFNFTFT
A gua deve ter 1 m do lado menos fundoQBSBGBDJMJUBSBESFOBHFNEPUBORVFFBDBQUVSBEPQFJYF
FNDSJBP PUBORVFEFWFTFSMJHFJSBNFOUFNBJTJODMJOBEPOPMBEPPOEFFTUTJUVBEPPUVCPEF
ESFOBHFNFBQSPGVOEJEBEFEBQBSUFNBJTGVOEBEFWFBMDBOBSNBJTEF B NFUSPT
d) Tipos de tanques de terra
Tanques escavados mTPDPOTUSVEPTFNSFBTQMBOBTSFUJSBOEPTFPTPMP0OWFMEBHVBDBBCBJYP

EPOWFMPSJHJOBMEPTPMP
5BORVFTOJWFMBEPTmTPDPOTUSVEPTFNEFTDJEBT0TPMPEPMBEPTVQFSJPSDBWBEPFVTBEPQBSBDPOTUSVJS
VNBCBSSFJSBOPMBEPNBJTCBJYP
5BORVF DPN 1SPUFDP m QBSB B TFHVSBOB EP QFTTPBM RVF WBJ HFSJS PT UBORVFT SFDPNFOEBTF B
DPMPDBPEVNBWFEBPBPSFEPSEPUBORVF
e) Vantagens e Desvantagens dos Tanques de Terra
7BOUBHFOT
r #BJYPDVTUPEFQSPEVP
r 0DPSSODJBEBQSPEVPQSJNSJB
r 1PTTJCJMJEBEFEFBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEBHVBEPTUBORVFTQFMBBHSJDVMUVSB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFUSBUBNFOUPEFFVFOUFT
%FTWBOUBHFOT
r /PTUBORVFTDPNQPQVMBFTEFBNCPTTFYPT DPNVNBPDPSSODJBEFSFQSPEVPNFTNP
BOUFTEFTFBUJOHJSPUBNBOIPDPNFSDJBM
r 3QJEPTVQFSQPWPBNFOUP
r $PNQFUJPQFMPFTQBP PYJHOJPFBMJNFOUP
VII. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES

a) Formato e dimenses das gaiolas flutuantes
+TFDPOIFDFBDJSDVOTUODJBFNRVFTFDPOTUSJPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB FOUSFUBOUP RVBOEPOPTFUFN
15
TPMP BQSPQSJBEP QBSB B DPOTUSVP EFTTFT UBORVFT F FTUTF FN QSFTFOB EF NBTTBT EF HVBT DPN
QSPGVOEJEBEFTTVQFSJPSFTBDJODPNFUSPT QPEFTFDPMPDBSBQPTTJCJMJEBEFEFDSJBPEFQFJYFFNHBJPMBT
VUVBOUFT
"THBJPMBTTPVOJEBEFTEFDSJBPGFJUBTEFSFEF HFSBMNFOUFOBTGPSNBTSFDUBOHVMBSPVDJSDVMBS BCFSUB
OPUPQPNBOUJEBOBTVQFSGDJF BUSBWTEPVTPEFVUVBEPSFTBKVTUBEPT TFHVSBOPGVOEPDPNPBVYMJP
EFODPSBTQPEFOEPTFSDPOTUSVEBDPNNBUFSJBJTTJNQMFTDPNPNBEFJSBPVCBNCV PVNBJTTPTUJDBEBT
DPNPFTUSVUVSBTNFUMJDBTPVQMTUJDBT
"DSJBPEFQFJYFTFNUBORVFTSFEFPVHBJPMBTVUVBOUFT BDUVBMNFOUFQSBUJDBEB VNBEBTNFMIPSFT
GPSNBTEFBQSPWFJUBSSBDJPOBMNFOUFPTSFDVSTPTIESJDPTEJTQPOWFJT TFKBSJP MBHPPVSFQSFTB
"JOUFOTBSFOPWBPEBHVBOPJOUFSJPSEBTHBJPMBTQSPQPSDJPOBBMUBQSPEVUJWJEBEFEFQFJYFT
" FTDPMIB EB FTQDJF PT DVJEBEPT DPN HVB OWFM EF PYJHOJP USBOTQBSODJB F UFNQFSBUVSB
F B
BMJNFOUBPEPTQFJYFTTPPTQSJODJQBJTGBDUPSFTQBSBPCPNEFTFNQFOIPEBQSPEVPOFTUFTJTUFNB
" FTDPMIB EP MPDBM EFWF SFDBJS FN HSBOEFT NBTTBT EF HVB QPSRVF PGFSFDFN NBJPS HBSBOUJB EF
RVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEFHVBNFOPSVUVBPEBUFNQFSBUVSB
"QSPGVOEJEBEFJEFBMEFTTBNBTTBEFHVBEFWFSPTDJMBSFOUSFPTN QPJTQFSNJUFVNBNFMIPS
EJTQFSTP EPT SFTEVPT
&OUSFUBOUP SFDPNFOEBTF VNB QSPGVOEJEBEF TVQFSJPS B N FOUSF B QBSUF EF
CBJYPEBHBJPMBFPGVOEPEBNBTTBEFHVB
C
Construo de uma Gaiola Flutuante
0DVMUJWPEFQFJYFTFNUBORVFTSFEFPVHBJPMBTVUVBOUFTSFRVFSRVFPTNBUFSJBJTVTBEPTOBTNBMIBTF
OBTFTUSVUVSBTEFTVTUFOUBPFEFVUVBPUFOIBNBTTFHVJOUFTDBSBDUFSTUJDBTCTJDBT
r 1FSNJUJSUSPDBFDJFOUFEFHVBFOUSFBHBJPMBDPNPBNCJFOUF
r 3FTJTUODJBDPSSPTP
r 3FTJTUODJBNFDOJDB
r #BJYPDVTUP
r %FWFTFSPNBJTMFWFQPTTWFM GBDJMJUBOEPPEFTMPDBNFOUPFNBOVTFBNFOUP
r .BUFSJBMOPDPSUBOUFQBSBOPDBVTBSGFSJNFOUPTPVTUSFTTBPTQFJYFT
r 1FSNJUBBTBEBEPTEFKFDUPTQSPEV[JEPTQFMPTQFJYFT
&YJTUFN WSJPT UJQPT EF HBJPMBT F WBSJBN CBTJDBNFOUF RVBOUP GPSNB EB FTUSVUVSB RVBESBEBT
SFDUBOHVMBSFTFSFEPOEBT
FRVBOUPSFBUJMQBSBPDVMUJWP
"THBJPMBTTPDPNQPTUBTQPSQBSUFTEJTUJOUBT BTBCFS
r "FTUSVUVSBVUVBOUF
r 0TBDPEFSFEF PVBHBJPMBQSPQSJBNFOUFEJUB

r 0TJTUFNBEFBODPSBHFN
"TFTUSVUVSBTVUJMJ[BEBTQBSBBBSNBPEFVNBHBJPMBTPHFSBMNFOUFDPOTUSVEBTVTBOEPUVCPT QFSTF
CBSSBTNFUMJDBT POEFTPQSFTPTPTVUVBEPSFTFBTNBMIBT
0T NBUFSJBJT NBJT VTBEPT QBSB B DPOGFDP EBT NBMIBT QPEFN TFS FYWFJT SFEFT EF NVMUJMBNFOUP
SFWFTUJEBT PV OP EF 17$ DPN NBMIBT EJWFSTBT DPN PV TFN OT PV PVUSPT NBUFSJBJT SFTJTUFOUFT
16
DPSSPTP SFEFTEFOZMPO
PVSHJEPT QMTUJDP BPHBMWBOJ[BEPSFWFTUJEPEF17$EFBMUBBEFSODJB BP
JOPYJEWFM FUD
JNQPSUBOUFTBMJFOUBSRVFPBNCJFOUFPOEFBHBJPMBWBJTFSQPTJDJPOBEBWBJEFUFSNJOBS
PUJQPEFNBUFSJBMBTFSVUJMJ[BEPOBDPOGFDPEBSFEFFPUBNBOIPEBNFTNB
&TUF TJTUFNB EF DVMUJWP HFSBMNFOUF BUSBJ PVUSBT FTQDJFT FN CVTDB EF BMJNFOUP FTQFDJBMNFOUF BT
DBSOWPSBT RVF QPEFN DBVTBS SPNQJNFOUP EB SFEF %FQFOEFOEP EP UBNBOIP QPEFN DBVTBS MFTFT
TFWFSBTOPTQFJYFTFNDVMUJWP PVFOUSBSOBTHBJPMBTOBTVBGPSNBKPWFN EFJYBOEPPTQFJYFTFNDVMUJWP
DPNFMFWBEPHSBVEFTUSFTT
0PEBSFEFSFDPNFOEWFMEFPVNN OPDBTPEPTUBORVFTSFEFCFSSJPT PVBMFWJOBHFN
FEF
BNN FNUBORVFTSFEFQBSBUJMQJBTFNGBTFEFFOHPSEB
1BSBFWJUBSRVFBHBJPMBTFNPWBQPSFGFJUPEFPOEBT WFOUPTPVDPSSFOUFTEBTHVBT QPEFSTFSNPOUBEP
VNTJTUFNBEFBODPSBHFNDPNPVTPEFDPSEBEFQPMJFUJMFOP PVDPSSFOUFNFUMJDBBRVBMTFQSFOEFVNB
ODPSB RVFQPEFTFSTVCTUJUVEBQPSQFESBTFOWPMWJEBTFNSFEFEFUVCBSP PVCMPDPTEFDJNFOUPDPN
uma malha de ferro por dentro, entre outros.
c) Vantagens e Desvantagens das Gaiolas Flutuantes
7BOUBHFOT
r -JWSFDJSDVMBPEBHVB
r .FOPSWBSJBPEPTQBSNFUSPTGTJDPRVNJDPTEBHVBEVSBOUFBDSJBP
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFSFEV[JEBNPEFPCSB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFPCTFSWBPEPTBOJNBJTFNDSJBP
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFVNBJOUFSWFOPJNFEJBUB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFQFTDBEPQFJYF
r $POUSPMPEFSFQSPEVP GBDJMJUBEP
r .FMIPSRVBMJEBEFQBSBPNFSDBEP
r /P PDPSSODJB EF SFQSPEVP QFSNJUJOEP RVF PT QFJYFT BMDBODFN SBQJEBNFOUF P UBNBOIP
comercial.
%FTWBOUBHFOT
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFVYPDPOTUBOUFEFHVBBUSBWTEBTSFEFT
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFGPSOFDJNFOUPEFBMJNFOUBPBSUJDJBMQBSBSFGPSBSPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM
r 1PSDBVTBEBBMUBEFOTJEBEFPTQFJYFTFTUPNBJTTVTDFQUWFJTTEPFOBTFJOGFDFT
r 1PTTJCJMJEBEFEFJOUSPEVPEFEPFOBTFPVQFJYFTOPBNCJFOUF QSFKVEJDBOEPBQPQVMBP
OBUVSBM
r 3JTDPEFSPNQJNFOUPEBSFEFEBHBJPMBFGVHBEPQFJYF
r 4VKFJPEPQFJYFBPWBOEBMJTNP
r "MHVNNBUFSJBMQBSBBDPOTUSVPQPEFTFSEJTQFOEJPTP
r .BJPSFYQPTJPBPTQSFEBEPSFT
.VJUPTGBDUPSFTJOVFODJBNBDBQBDJEBEFEFTVTUFOUBP EFTFNQFOIPFTPCSFWJWODJBEPTQFJYFTFN
17
HBJPMBT TFOEPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTVDFTTPEPDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT OPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP

r "RVBMJEBEFEBHVB UFNQFSBUVSB UFPSEFPYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP Q)FDPODFOUSBPEFBNOJB

r "QSPGVOEJEBEF OPNOJNP EFWFTFSTVQFSJPSBNFOUSFPGVOEPEBHBJPMBFPQJTP

r "WFMPDJEBEFEBDPSSFOUFEFHVB DPSSFOUFTEFBDNT

r "TEJNFOTFTEBHBJPMB
r 0GPSNBUPEBHBJPMB EFQSFGFSODJBRVBESBEBTFSFDUBOHVMBSFT QPJTBTDJSDVMBSFTQFSNJUFNVN
NFOPSVYPJOUFSOPEFHVB

r "BMJNFOUBP
r "EFOTJEBEFEFQPWPBNFOUP
"T FMFWBEBT UBYBT EF QPWPBNFOUP EFTUF TJTUFNB TP EFQFOEFOUFT EF SBP EF BMUP WBMPS OVUSJDJPOBM
QPJTPTQFJYFTFTUPFNBNCJFOUFGFDIBEP PRVFOPQFSNJUFPBDFTTPBPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM"TSBFT
EFWFSPQFSNJUJSVNBDPOWFSTPBMJNFOUBSBEFRVBEB QPJTPTDVTUPTDPNBBMJNFOUBPQPEFNDIFHBSB
EPTDVTUPTUPUBJTEFQSPEVP&TTFFMFWBEPDVTUP PDBTJPOBEPQFMPTTFHVJOUFTGBDUPSFT
r RVBMJEBEFTVQFSJPSEBTSBFT NBJPSTVQPSUFEFOVUSJFOUFT QSJODJQBMNFOUFQSPUFOBBMUB
EJHFTUJCJMJEBEF FOUSFPVUSPT

r .BJPSRVBOUJEBEFEFSBPBTFSPGFSFDJEBQBSBTBUJTGB[FSBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEPTQFJYFT
r "FTQFDJDJEBEFEBSBPQBSBBFTQDJFBTFSDSJBEBF
r "FTQFDJDJEBEFEBSBPQBSBDBEBGBTFEFDSJBP BMFWJOPT KVWFOJT FOHPSEB
0VUSPGBDUPSJNQPSUBOUFPDPOIFDJNFOUPEBTDBSBDUFSTUJDBTTJPMHJDBTFEPTICJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEPT
QFJYFT QPJTEFTTBNBOFJSBQPTTWFMTFMFDDJPOBSBTFTQDJFTDPNQPUFODJBMQBSBDBEBUJQPEFTJTUFNBEF
QSPEVP1BSBPDVMUJWPFNHBJPMBT TPDBSBDUFSTUJDBTGVOEBNFOUBJT
r 5BYBEFDSFTDJNFOUPFMFWBEBFCPNSFOEJNFOUPEFDBSDBB
r 7BSJFEBEFTEPNFTUJDBEBT
r 5PMFSODJBBPNBOVTFBNFOUPFSFTJTUODJBBEPFOBT
r "EBQUBCJMJEBEFBPTJTUFNBEFDSJBP
r "DFJUBPOPNFSDBEP
18
1-"/05&.5*$0 NJO
*m*OUSPEVP
**m$BJBHFNEPTUBORVFT
***m'FSUJMJ[BOUFTPSHOJDPT JOPSHOJDPTFNJTUPTVTBEPTFNBRVBDVMUVSB
*7m0QPWPBNFOUPEPTUBORVFTFHBJPMBTVUVBOUFT
Mdulo 3
$BJBHFN 'FSUJMJ[BPEBHVBOPT5BORVFTF1PWPBNFOUP
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
CAIAGEM, FERTILIZAO DA GUA NOS TANQUES E

POVOAMENTO
19
20
I INTRODUO
"TTJN DPNP OB BHSJDVMUVSB B HVB EB QJTDJDVMUVSB EFWF QPTTVJS WBMPSFT QUJNPT EF TFVT QBSNFUSPT
RVNJDPTFCJPMHJDPTQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVUJDPT UPQMODUPOF[PPQMODUPO

nela presentes.
"T QMBOUBT UN JNQPSUBOUF GVOP EF BCTPSP EF HT DBSCOJDP EJTTPMWJEP OB HVB P RVBM UYJDP
BPTQFJYFT OBBMJNFOUBPEPTQFJYFTFOBQSPUFDPEBTMBSWBTFBMFWJOPT&TUBTQSPNPWFNUBNCNP
TPNCSFBNFOUP EJNJOVJPEBFWBQPSBPFTVTUFOUBPBPTPWPTEFBMHVNBTFTQDJFTEFQFJYFT
II CAIAGEM DOS TANQUES

"DBJBHFNVNBQSUJDBUPOFDFTTSJBQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBDPNPQBSBBHSJDVMUVSB&TUBQSUJDBBQSJODJQBM
UDOJDBQBSBNFMIPSBSBRVBMJEBEFEBHVBEPTUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTFNTPMPTDJEPT 7JEBM+OJPS

"QSPEVPEFQMODUPO QSJODJQBMNFOUFPUPQMODUPOEFQFOEFEPTOVUSJFOUFTPSHOJDPTFJOPSHOJDPT
RVFQPEFTFSBVNFOUBEBPVEJNJOVEBBUSBWTEFUDOJDBTEFGFSUJMJ[BPPVDBJBHFN SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF
SFDPNFOEBEBBVUJMJ[BPNPEFSBEBEBDBMOPGVOEPEPTUBORVFT
PlnctonmPDPOKVOUPEFUPEPTPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVUJDPTNJOTDVMPTJODBQB[FTEFWFODFSFNDPSSFOUFT
"TVBMPDPNPPQPSDPOUBQSQSJBNVJUPQFRVFOB
01MODUPOTVCEJWJEFTFFNEPJTHSBOEFTHSVQPT
FitoplnctonTFSFTWFHFUBJTDPNQPTUPTEFBMHBTNJDSPTDQJDBT DPNP QPSFYFNQMP BTBMHBTWFSEFT PT
EJOPBHFMBEPT FUD
ZooplnctonTFSFTBOJNBJTDPNQPTUPTQPSNJDSPDSVTUDFPT DPQQPEPT SPUGFSPT FUD
0VTPEFDPSSFDUJWPTFNUBORVFTEFQJTDJDVMUVSBUFNBOBMJEBEFEFBVNFOUBSPTWBMPSFTEPQ)EBHVB
FEPTPMPEPUBORVFRVFEJNJOVJBBDJEF[FBVNFOUBBBMDBMJOJEBEF"BDJEF[NBJTCBJYBUPSOBBHVBNBJT
QSPQDJBBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFQMODUPORVFTFSWJSEFBMJNFOUPQBSBPTQFJYFT
&TUB DPSSFDP UBNCN QPEF BTTVNJS GVOFT EF EFTJOGFDP QBSB B FMJNJOBP EPT PWPTMBSWBT EF
QSFEBEPSFTFQBSBTJUBTFDPSSFDPEBUVSCJEF[DBVTBEBQFMBNJOFSBMJ[BPEBNBUSJBPSHOJDB
0QSPEVUPSFDPNFOEBEPOFTUBPQFSBPQBSBUBORVFTQPWPBEPTPDBMDSJPBHSDPMB EPMPNUJDPPV
DBMDUJDP
"DBMWJSHFNFBIJESBUBEBTPSFDPNFOEBEBTBQFOBTQBSBUBORVFTBJOEBTFNQFJYFT
/PDBTPEFIBWFSEJDVMEBEFTOBBRVJTJPEFDBMWJWB BDJO[BEFWFHFUBJTUBNCNQPEFTFSVTBEB
%FQPJTEBBQMJDBPEBDBMWJWB EFWFTFFTQFSBSEFVNBBEVBTTFNBOBT BOUFTEFTFDPMPDBSPTQFJYFT
III FERTILIZANTES ORGNICOS, INORGNICOS E MISTOS USADOS EM

AQUACULTURA.
3.1.
Porqu devemos fertilizar o nosso tanque?
2VBOEPTFBEVCBPTPMPEFVNBIPSUBPVNBDIBNCBFTUPBDPMPDBSTFBOVUSJFOUFTRVFBTQMBOUBT
necessitam para o seu desenvolvimento.
/BHVBEPTUBORVFTBDPOUFDFPNFTNP2VBOEPTFGFSUJMJ[BPUBORVF JODPSQPSBNTFNBJTOVUSJFOUFT
DPNPPGTGPSP QPUTTJP DMDJP NBHOTJPOBHVB"TTJN PUBORVFGSUJMQSPEV[NVJUPQMODUPO QBSBP
21
QFJYF
3.2.
Fertilizao do tanque, antes do povoamento
6NBTFNBOBEFQPJTEBDBJBHFN PUBORVFFTUQSPOUPQBSBSFDFCFSBHVB4FHVFTFEFQPJTBGFSUJMJ[BP
EPUBORVF QBSBRVFTFEJODJPGPSNBPOBUVSBMEPQMODUPO
1BSB GFSUJMJ[BS P UBORVF QPEFTF VTBS FTUSVNF seco/curtido EF BOJNBJT DPNP HBMJOIBT QBUPT CPJT
DBCSJUPT PVBEVCPPVGFSUJMJ[BOUFDPNQPTUP
0FTUFSDPEFHBMJOIBTFQBUPTTPNFMIPSFTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB TFHVJEPEPEFTVOPTFQPSMUJNPEF
CPWJOPT
2VJO[FEJBTEFQPJTEFGFSUJMJ[BSPUBORVF KTFDPNFBBUFSBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMQBSBPQFJYF%FQPJTEF
BQSPYJNBEBNFOUFVNNT BHVBDBSCFNWFSEF
HVBWFSEF TJHOJDBRVFINBJTBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMOPUBORVFFPTQFJYFTDSFTDFSPNBJTSBQJEBNFOUF
Ateno P BEVCP PV GFSUJMJ[BOUF PSHOJDP EFWF TFS BQMJDBEP DPN DSJUSJP QBSB FWJUBS
DPOUBNJOBPFQPMVJPEBHVBFDPNQSPNFUJNFOUPEPQSPEVUPOBM
/FN TFNQSF VN QSPEVUPS UFN HSBOEF EJTQPOJCJMJEBEF EF FTUSVNF /FTTFT DBTPT QPEFTF VTBS PT
fertilizantes qumicosRVFUBNCNBKVEBNOBQSPEVPEPQMODUPO0UJQPFRVBOUJEBEFTBTFSFN
BQMJDBEPT JTPMBEBNFOUF WNJOEJDBEPTOBUBCFMBNBJTBCBJYP
5BCFMB'FSUJMJ[BPPSHOJDBFJOPSHOJDB"/5&4EPQPWPBNFOUP POEFTFBQMJDBBQFOBTVNEFMFTFN
DBEBQSPDFTTPEFBEVCBP
Adubo orgnico
"WFT
kg/ha
Referncia

4VOPT

7JEBM+OJPS

#PWJOPT

Adubo inorgnico
kg/ha
Referncia
4VMGBUPEFBNOJP

7JEBM+OJPS
Superfosfato simples
75
6TBOEPBQFOBTFTUSVNFEFTVOPT FTTFEFWFTFSNJTUVSBEPDPNBTTFHVJOUFTRVBOUJEBEFTEFGFSUJMJ[BOUFT
qumicos.
5BCFMB'FSUJMJ[BPNJTUB"/5&4EPQPWPBNFOUP POEFTFBQMJDBBDPNCJOBPEPTUSTDPNQPTUPTFN
simultneo.

Fonte
&TUSVNFEFTVOP
4VQFSGPTGBUPUSJQMP
4VMGBUPEFBNOJP
kg/ha
LH
LH
LH
Referncia
7JEBM+OJPS
.BT PQSPEVUPSQPEFPQUBSUBNCNQPSQSPEV[JSPadubo composto1BSBUBM EFWFTFQSPDFEFSEP

TFHVJOUFNPEPUPEBTBTQMBOUBTWFSEFTDBQJOBEBTFOPVUJMJ[BEBT FSWBTEBOJOIBT
CFNDPNPUPEPTPT
22
EFTQFSEDJPTEBNBDIBNCBEFWFNTFSDPMPDBEPTOVNCVSBDPQSFWJBNFOUFBCFSUPQBSBPFGFJUP
%FQPJTEPCVSBDPFTUBSDIFJP UBQBTFDPNUFSSBFEFJYBTFEFDPSSFSPQSPDFTTPEFEFDPNQPTJP%FQPJT
EFBMHVOTNFTFT FTTBTQMBOUBTFPVUSPTEFTQFSEDJPTFOUFSSBEPTGPSNBNVNBNBTTBFTDVSB PBEVCP
DPNQPTUP
RVFEFWFSTFSEJTUSJCVEBOPGVOEPEPUBORVF BOUFTEFFODIMPDPNHVB"WBOUBHFN
EFTUBBEVCBPEFTFUSBUBSEFVNNUPEPQSUJDPFCBSBUP
3.3. Fertilizao do tanque, depois do povoamento
1BSBHBSBOUJSBNBOVUFOPEBDPMPSBPWFSEFOPUBORVF EFWFTFBEJDJPOBSPBEVCPPSHOJDP QFMP
NFOPTVNBWF[QPSTFNBOB*NQPSUBSFGFSJSRVFNFTNPVNUBORVFUFOEPBBOPTEFVTP FMFOPUFN
DPOEJFTEFQSPEV[JSPQMODUPOOBUVSBMNFOUFTFNBiBKVEBuEBGFSUJMJ[BP
a) Adubao ou fertilizao orgnica (COLOCAR UM DELES)
5BCFMB "EVCBP PSHOJDB QBSB NBOVUFOP POEF BQMJDBEP BQFOBT VN UJQP EF BEVCP FN DBEB
QSPDFTTPEFBEVCBP
Adubo orgnico
kg/h/semana
"WFT

4VOPT

#PWJOPT

Vantagens da adubao orgnica

"QJTDJDVMUVSBEFTFNQFOIBVNQBQFMJNQPSUBOUFOPNFJPBNCJFOUFBPVUJMJ[BSPFTUSVNFEPTBOJNBJT
para fertilizar os tanques.
4FGPSFNPCFEFDJEBTBTPSJFOUBFTUDOJDBTRVBOUPTRVBOUJEBEFTEFFTUSVNFBTFSFNDPMPDBEBTOPT
UBORVFT BTCBDUSJBTFYJTUFOUFTOBHVBJSPEFHSBEBSPFTUSVNFFFMFTUSBOTGPSNBSTFPFNOVUSJFOUFT
OFDFTTSJPTQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPUPQMODUPO
"TTJN FNWF[EPTFYDSFNFOUPTEPTBOJNBJTJSFNEJSFDUBNFOUFQBSBPTDVSTPTEFHVB QSJNFJSPFMFT
QBTTBNQFMPTUBORVFTEFQJTDJDVMUVSB POEFTFSPEFHSBEBEPT QBSBTEFQPJTQBTTBSFNQBSBPTDVSTPT
EFHVB%FTUBGPSNBBHVBTBJNVJUPNBJTMJNQB QSFKVEJDBOEPNFOPTPNFJPBNCJFOUF
C
Adubao Qumica (COLOCAR UM DELES)
5BCFMB "EVCBP RVNJDB QBSB NBOVUFOP POEF BQMJDBEP BQFOBT VN UJQP EF BEVCP FN DBEB
QSPDFTTPEFBEVCBP
Adubo inorgnico
kg/ha
Adio de ureia (g)
4VQFSGPTGBUP5SJQMP 10
B

4VQFSGPTGBUP4JNQMFT 10
B
/1,
B
c) Adubao mista
1BSB B BEVCBP NJTUB EFWFTF VTBS NFUBEF EF GFSUJMJ[BP PSHOJDB NBJT B NFUBEF EPT GFSUJMJ[BOUFT
RVNJDPT JOEJDBEPTOBTUBCFMBTBDJNB FOVODBOBTEPTBHFOTUPUBJTEFDBEBVNB
Observao:TFPQSPEVUPSUJWFSEJWFSTPTUJQPTEFFTUSVNF EFWFSTFNQSFRVFQPTTWFMNJTUVSMPTFN
EPTFTQSPQPSDJPOBJT QBSBBQMJDBPOPUBORVF*TUPQFSNJUFVNNFMIPSBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEPTNFTNPTOB
23
QSPEVPEBQSPEVUJWJEBEFOBUVSBMEPUBORVF
"GSFRVODJBEFBQMJDBPEFQFOEFEBUSBOTQBSODJBEBHVB4FNQSFRVFDPMPDBSBNPEFOUSPEBHVB
EPUBORVFFDPOTFHVJSWFSPTEFEPT EFWFSFQFUJSBGFSUJMJ[BP
3.4
Mtodos de aplicao do adubo
&YJTUFNWSJBTNBOFJSBTEFBEVCBSVNUBORVFEFQJTDJDVMUVSB"GPSNBEFDPMPDBSPFTUSVNFOPUBORVF
pode ser DIRECTA ou INDIRECTA.
a) Forma indirecta ou horizontaMmRVBOEPBGPOUFEFBEVCPT BWJSJPT FTUCVMPT DVSSBJT
FTU
BGBTUBEBEPUBORVFFPFTUSVNFUFNEFTFSMFWBEPBUPUBORVF
Exemplos:
r 0FTUSVNFEPTDVSSBJTQPEFTFSDBOBMJ[BEPQBSBPTUBORVFTEVSBOUFBMBWBHFN
r 1BSBUBORVFTQFRVFOPT BN
FOPNVJUPBGBTUBEPTEPDVSSBM QPEFTFVTBSVN
SFHBEPS DPNGVSPTNBJPSFT
QBSBFTQBMIBSPFTUSVNFEJMVEP
0FTUSVNFEJMVEPFNHVBVNBEBTNFMIPSFTNBOFJSBTEFBEVCBSFQPEFTFSEJTUSJCVEPQPSNFJPEF
aspersores (para tanques maiores).
r 0FTUSVNFEFBWJSJPTEFWJEBNFOUFTFQBSBEPEBTFSSBEVSBQPEFTFS

m-BOBEPQPSUPEPPUBORVFOBBEVCBPBOUFTEPQPWPBNFOUPPV

m/PTDPNFEPSFTQBSBTFHVJNFOUPEBGFSUJMJ[BP PV
Em sacos especiais dentro do tanque.
" GPSNB JOEJSFDUB PV IPSJ[POUBM EF BEVCBP UFN B WBOUBHFN EF QFSNJUJS B BEJP PV TVTQFOTP EB
NFTNBTFNQSFRVFOFDFTTSJPNBT UFNBEFTWBOUBHFNEFOFDFTTJUBSEFVNTJTUFNBEFUVCBHFNQBSB
DBOBMJ[BSPFTUSVNFEJMVEPBUBPUBORVF
C
Forma directa ou verticalmRVBOEPPFTUSVNFEPTBOJNBJTMBOBEPEJSFDUBNFOUFOB
HVBEPWJWFJSP
Exemplos:
r $POTUSVPEFDBQPFJSBTUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFQPSDJNBEPUBORVF
r "DFTTPEFQPSDPTFQBUPTHVBEPTUBORVFT
" GPSNB EJSFDUB PV WFSUJDBM EF BEVCBP UFN B WBOUBHFN EF SFEV[JS B NPEFPCSB NBT UFN B
EFTWBOUBHFN EB OFDFTTJEBEF EF DPOTUSVP EF VNB DBQPFJSB QBUFJSB PV VN DVSSBM F EF PDPSSFS VN
FYDFTTPEFGFSUJMJ[BP
0TDPNFEPVSPTEPTQBUPTEFWFNTFSFTQBMIBEPTOPJOUFSJPSEPUBORVFFOPFNUFSSB WJTUPRVFBSBP
RVFDBJSOBHVBQPEFTFSBQSPWFJUBEBQFMPTQFJYFTFQPEFDPOUSJCVJSQBSBBGFSUJMJ[BPEBHVB
IV POVOAMENTO
O nmero adequado de alevinos para se povoar um viveiro depende de diversos factores. Os mais
JNQPSUBOUFTTP
r "RVBMJEBEFEPTPMPFEBHVB
24
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFBEVCPPSHOJDPFJOPSHOJDP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFTVCQSPEVUPTBHSDPMBT
r 3FDVSTPQBSBBRVJTJPEFSBP
r 5JQPEFDVMUJWPBEPQUBEPDPOTJEFSBOEPBQSPEVPGJOBMRVFEFTFKBPQJTDJDVMUPSPCUFS
DPNTFVTQFJYFT
4.1.
Transporte dos Alevinos
0T BMFWJOPT BERVJSJEPT EFWFN UFS RVBMJEBEFT HFOUJDBT RVF HBSBOUBN FMFWBEB TPCSFWJWODJB SQJEP
DSFTDJNFOUP BMDBODFEFNBJPSNBTTBDPSQPSBMFNSFMBPBPTQFJYFTOBUJWPT CFNDPNPNBJPSSFTJTUODJB
s doenas.
0USBOTQPSUFEPTBMFWJOPTEPUBORVFEFPSJHFNQBSBPUBORVFEFEFTUJOPEFWFTFSFGFDUVBEPFNEJBTOP
NVJUPRVFOUFT EFQSFGFSODJBOBTQSJNFJSBTIPSBTPVOPNEPEJB/PUSBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFT OFDFTTSJP
UFSTFFNBUFOPBMHVNBTSFHSBT
r 4FBEJTUODJBBQFSDPSSFSGPSDVSUBQPEFNTFVTBSCBMEFTEFMJUSPTQBSBUSBOTQPSUBSEF
BBMFWJOPTEVSBOUFEVBTIPSBT"DBEBIPSBTEFWFTFGB[FSBNVEBOBEBHVB
r 4FEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFNPSSFSFNBMHVOTQFJYFT FTUFTEFWFNTFSSFUJSBEPTEPTCBMEFT
r 4FPUSBOTQPSUFGPSEFNBJTUFNQP SFDPNFOEBTFRVFEFJYFFNKFKVNQPSQFMPNFOPT
IPSBTFTFKBNDPMPDBEPTHSEFQFJYFQPSMJUSPEFHVB%FWFNTFSVTBEPTTBDPTQMTUJDPT
SFTJTUFOUFT9DNDPNBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFMJUSPTEFHVBFMJUSPTEFPYJHOJP
4.2. Povoamento
"TPMUVSBEPTBMFWJOPTOPTUBORVFTEFFOHPSEB EFWFTFSGFJUBRVBOEPBUFNQFSBUVSBEBHVBEPTTBDPT
USBOTQPSUBEPSFT GPS JHVBM EP UBORVF 1BSB UBM BOUFT EB TPMUVSB SFDPNFOEBTF RVF TF EFJYFN VUVBS
PTTBDPTUSBOTQPSUBEPSFTOBHVBEPUBORVFQPSDFSDBEFBNJOVUPTBURVFBTUFNQFSBUVSBTTF
JHVBMFN %FQPJT HSBEVBMNFOUF MJCFSUBNTF BT BMFWJOPT QBSB P UBORVF DVJEBOEP QBSB RVF OP TFKBN
causados danos fsicos aos animais.
4FPPCKFDUJWPEPDVMUJWPGPSBQSPEVPEFBMFWJOPT
m $PMPDBNTFBNCPTPTTFYPTOPUBORVF QPSDBEBN).
m 6NUBORVFDPNNEFTVQFSGDJFQPEFSFDFCFSQFJYFT
1PSPVUSPMBEP TFPPCKFDUJWPEPDVMUJWPGPSBFOHPSEB
m 0JEFBMBERVJSJSUJMQJBTNBDIPSFWFSUJEBT N) (as fmeas crescem menos e, quando
DPNFBNBTFSFQSPEV[JS DBVTBVNBTVQFSQPQVMBPOPTUBORVFT PRVFBVNFOUBBDPN
QFUJPBMJNFOUBS QSFKVEJDBOEPPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT

/BVUJMJ[BPEFHBJPMBTVUVBOUFTQBSBDSJBPEFNBDIPTEFUJMQJBTPDPMPDBEPTBBMFWJOPTN
FNHBJPMBTEFWPMVNFNBJPSRVFN.
1BSBHBJPMBTQFRVFOBT NBJTFDJFOUFTQPSVOJEBEFEFWPMVNFEFWJEPBNBJPSGBDJMJEBEFQBSBBUSPDBEF
HVB
BUBYBEFQPWPBNFOUPQPEFDIFHBSBUBMFWJOPTN.
"QSPEVUJWJEBEFWBSJBEFBLHEFUJMQJBTN.
25
26
1-"/05&.5*$0 NJO
I INTRODUO
II SISTEMAS DE CRIAO
m1JTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWB
m1JTDJDVMUVSBTFNJJOUFOTJWB
Piscicultura intensiva
m1JTDJDVMUVSBTVQFSJOUFOTJWB
III TCNICAS DE CRIAO
Monocultura
Policultura
m1JTDJDVMUVSB*OUFHSBEB

r3J[JQJTDJDVMUVSB
Mdulo 4
4JTUFNBTEF$SJBP
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
SISTEMAS DE CRIAO
28
I INTRODUO
0TTJTUFNBTEFDSJBPTPPTEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFDPOTUSVPFUPEBBEJONJDBBNCJFOUBMEPTDBUJWFJSPT
RVFBMCFSHBNPTBNJNBJTBTFSFNDSJBEPT
*NQPSUBSFGFSJSRVFPQFJYF BPDPOUSSJPEPTPVUSPTBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFT QPEFTFSDSJBEPEFWSJBTNBOFJSBT
EJGFSFOUFT EFQFOEFOEPEBTDPOEJFTEBQSPQSJFEBEF UJQPEFBMJNFOUP FTQDJFDPOTJEFSBEBFBDFJUBP
de mercado.
"FTDPMIBEVNTJTUFNBEFDSJBP EFQFOEFEFGBDUPSFTUBJTDPNP
r $POEJFTOBODFJSBTEPQSPEVUPS
r 1SPEVUJWJEBEFFTQFSBEB
r 5PQPHSBBEPUFSSFOP TFPUFSSFOPTFMFDDJPOBEPQMBOPPVBDJEFOUBEP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEBHVB
r 5FDOPMPHJBEJTQPOWFMPVBTFSVUJMJ[BEB
0TTJTUFNBTEFDSJBP DMBTTJDBNTFFNFYUFOTJWPTFNJJOUFOTJWPJOUFOTJWPFTVQFSJOUFOTJWP
II SISTEMAS DE CRIAO
2.1
Piscicultura extensiva
&TUFUJQPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBDBSBDUFSJ[BTFQFMPTTFHVJOUFTBTQFDUPT
BDSJBPNBJTTJNQMFTFEFNFOPSFTEFTQFTBTQBSBPDSJBEPS RVFQPEFTFSQSBUJDBEBFNHVBT
GFDIBEBTBSUJGJDJBJTRVFGPSBNDPOTUSVEBTQBSBPVUSBGJOBMJEBEF QPSFYFNQMP QBSBBSNB[FOBS
HVBQBSB JSSJHBP QBSB BCFCFSBNFOUP EF BOJNBJT FOFSHJB FMDUSJDB FUD " QJTDJDVMUVSB
FYUFOTJWBQPEFTFSQSBUJDBEBOBTMBHPBTOBUVSBJT QSFGFSFODJBMNFOUFBTQFRVFOBTFSBTBT CFN
DPNPFNPVUSBTSFBTJOVOEBEBTFGFDIBEBTDPNPPTHSBOEFTMBHPT
"BMJNFOUBPEPTQFJYFTEFQFOEFOUFFYDMVTJWBNFOUFEPTBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTQSPEV[JEPT
nos diferentes nveis trficos da cadeia alimentar desse ecossistema. Ou seja, o produtor apenas
SFBMJ[BPQPWPBNFOUPJOJDJBMEPUBORVF OPGB[FOEPBGFSUJMJ[BPFOFNBMJNFOUBPTQFJYFTDPN
SBPPVPVUSPUJQPEFBMJNFOUP JOUFSGFSJOEPPNOJNPQPTTWFMOPTGBDUPSFTEFQSPEVUJWJEBEF
0TBOJNBJTEPNTUJDPTQPEFNUFSBDFTTPBPTUBORVFTFNCVTDBEFHVBFOBUVSBMNFOUF EFJYBN
DBJSTFVTFYDSFNFOUPT RVFGFSUJMJ[BNBHVB GBWPSFDFOEPBQSPEVPEFQFJYFT
(FSBMNFOUFPQSPEVUPSUFNEJDVMEBEFTEFFGFDUVBSVNFTWB[JBNFOUPUPUBMEPUBORVF
'BMUBEFDPOUSPMPEBSFQSPEVPEPTBOJNBJTFNDSJBP
#BJYB EFOTJEBEF JOJDJBM EF QPWPBNFOUP HFSBMNFOUF EPJT QFJYFT QBSB DBEB NFUSP RVBESBEP

SFTVMUBOEPFNCBJYPTOEJDFTEFQSPEVUJWJEBEF RVFEJDJMNFOUFVMUSBQBTTBNPTLHIBBOP
2.2
Piscicultura semi intensiva
29
&YJHFNBJTEFEFEJDBPQPSQBSUFEPDSJBEPS
0TDVTUPTEFQSPEVPTPNBJTFMFWBEPTEPRVFOVNTJTUFNBFYUFOTJWP
4JTUFNBSBDJPOBMFFDPONJDPEFQSPEVPQPSJOUFHSBSTFQFSGFJUBNFOUFDPNBBHSJDVMUVSB
FYBSSP[
FQFDVSJB FYTVOPT BWFT
FSFDPNFOEBEPQBSBDSJBPEFQFJYFTUSPQJDBJT
6OJEBEFEFQSPEVPEFWFTFSDPOTUSVEB
0T UBORVFT BQSFTFOUBN VNB NBJPS EFOTJEBEF EF QFJYFT FN NEJB EF B QFJYFT N)
QPJT RVBOUJEBEFTNBJPSFTQPEFNDBVTBSQSPCMFNBTOBQSPEVPFTBEFEPTQFJYFT
0TMVDSPTTPNBJPSFTRVFBQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWBFBQSPEVUJWJEBEFRVFQPEFDIFHBSBUPOIB
BOP
/PSNBMNFOUFTPGFJUBTWSJBTDBQUVSBTQBSDJBJTBPMPOHPEPBOPNBT BQPTTJCJMJEBEFEF
FTWB[JBNFOUPUPUBMQFSNJUFFGFDUVBSDBQUVSBTUPUBJT
0TUBORVFTEFWFNTFSTFDBEPTFFYQPTUPTBPTPMQPSBMHVOTEJBTQBSBOPGJNEFDBEBDJDMPEF
QSPEVP/PDBTPEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB FTUFQSPDFTTPEFWFTFSQFSJEJDP TFHVJEPEBDBJBHFN
SFDPNFOEBEBBGFSUJMJ[BPPSHOJDBPVRVNJDBEPTUBORVFT
)OFDFTTJEBEFEFTFTVQMFNFOUBSBBMJNFOUBPEPTQFJYFT(FSBMNFOUFFTUBTVQMFNFOUBP
GFJUBDPNEFTQFSEDJPTPVFYDFEFOUFTBHSPQFDVSJPTQBSBRVFPTDVTUPTEFQSPEVPOPTFKB
FMFWBEP
"EFTWBOUBHFNEBQJTDJDVMUVSBTFNJJOUFOTJWBPQPVDPDPOUSPMPEBSFQSPEVPEPTBOJNBJT
2.3.
Piscicultura Intensiva
$SJBPSFBMJ[BEBFNUBORVFTQSPKFDUBEPTFTQFDJBMNFOUFDPNPGJNEFTFBMDBOBSBMUPWBMPS
EFNFSDBEP
0T UBORVFT QPTTVFN TJTUFNB EF BCBTUFDJNFOUP F FTDPBNFOUP EF HVB DPOUSPMBEPT F TP
QPWPBEPTDPNQFJYFTEFWBMPSDPNFSDJBM
"TUBYBTEFQPWPBNFOUPTPBMUBTFQSPHSBNBEBTEFBDPSEPDPNBTSFDPNFOEBFTQBSBVNB
DSJBPDPNFSDJBMEFBMUBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
1BSBBVNFOUBSPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFTVTBTFBMFWJOPTEFCPBRVBMJEBEF
1BSBBMNEBGFSUJMJ[BP GPSOFDJEBSBPCBMBODFBEBRVFQSPQPSDJPOBFMFWBEBDPOWFSTPBMJ
NFOUBSFDBQB[EFQSPNPWFSVNDSFTDJNFOUPSQJEP QBSBRVFBQSPEVPTFKBFDPOPNJDBNFOUF
WJWFM
"ENJOJTUSBPEFSBFTTVQMFNFOUBSFTPCSJHBUSJB
0TQBSNFUSPTMJHBEPTRVBMJEBEFEFHVBDPNPPQ) UFNQFSBUVSB PYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP DPOEV
UJWJEBEF TBMJOJEBEF UVSCJEF[ TMJEPTUPUBJTEJTTPMWJEPT 54%
QSPGVOEJEBEFEBHVB QPUFODJBMEF
YJEPSFEVP 03
EFWFNTFSNPOJUPSJ[BEPT
*OEJTQFOTWFMBVUJMJ[BPEFBFSBEPSFTQBSBFMFWBSPOWFMEFPYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP
"QSFTFOUBVNBQSPEVUJWJEBEFFMFWBEB QPEFOEPVMUSBQBTTBSLHNBOP QFMPTJTUFNBSBDJPOBM
EFDVTUPFMFWBEP DPNNPEFPCSBFTQFDJBMJ[BEBFBMUPOWFMEFNFDBOJ[BP
30
2.4
Piscicultura Super Intensiva
BDSJBPNBJTEJTQFOEJPTBQPSRVFPQJTDJDVMUPSUFNEFGB[FSVNJOWFTUJNFOUPFMFWBEPQBSBJOJDJBS
a piscicultura.
QSBUJDBEPFNMPDBJTPOEFBHVBSFOPWBEBDPOTUBOUFNFOUFPVTFKB BHVBFOUSBFTBJJNFEJBUBNFOUF
do tanque.
" HVB EF DSJBP OFTUF TJTUFNB UFN EF TFS EF FYDFMFOUF RVBMJEBEF MJWSF EF RVBMRVFS UJQP EF
SFTEVP NFUBCMJUPT QSJODJQBMNFOUFPBNPOBDP PVSFTUPTEFBMJNFOUPT
FDPNFMFWBEPUFPS
EFPYJHOJP
/BNBJPSQBSUFEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVPTPUBORVFTEFDJNFOUP EFQMTUJDPPVHBJPMBTVUVBOUFT
UBNCNDPOIFDJEPTQPSUBORVFTSFEF

"EFOTJEBEFEFQPWPBNFOUPNVJUPFMFWBEB mQFJYFTFNDBEBNFUSPDCJDPEFHBJPMB
ou de tanque).
"ENJOJTUSBPEFSBFTTVQMFNFOUBSFTPCSJHBUSJB
"SBPJOEVTUSJBMJ[BEBPBMJNFOUPNBJTBEFRVBEPQBSBBFOHPSEBQPSTFSFNBMUBNFOUFCBMBODFBEPT
QSPUFOBT HPSEVSBT NJOFSBJT WJUBNJOBT F PVUSPT OVUSJFOUFT FN RVBOUJEBEF F RVBMJEBEF RVF
TBUJTGBBNBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEPTBOJNBJT
HBSBOUJOEPPDSFTDJNFOUPNYJNPEPTQFJYFT
/BQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWBPVTFNJJOUFOTJWBPTQFJYFTQPEFNBUEFJYBSEFSFDFCFSSBPFNBMHVNEJB
EBTFNBOBNBTFTTBQSUJDBOPSFDPNFOEWFMQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFOTJWBOFNOBTVQFSJOUFOTJWB
&NUPEPTPTUJQPTEFQJTDJDVMUVSB UPEPPFTGPSPGFJUPQBSBJNQFEJSBJOWBTPEFPSHBOJTNPTJOEFTFKWFJT
FYQFJYFTTFMWBHFOTRVFHFSBMNFOUFTPDBSOWPSPTFQPEFNQSFEBSPTQFJYFTEFDVMUJWP QBSBBMNEF
DPNQFUJSFNDPNPTQFJYFTEFDSJBPQPSBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTFDPOTVNJSFNWBMJPTPTBMJNFOUPTBSUJDJBJT

DPMPDBOEPFNSJTDPBQPQVMBPEPTQFJYFTEFDSJBP
III PRINCIPAIS TCNICAS DE CRIAO

3.1
Monocultura
PUJQPEFDSJBPRVFFOWPMWFBQFOBTVNBFTQDJFFOPSNBMNFOUFVUJMJ[BEBFNHVBTDPSSFOUFT
POEFFYJTUFMJNJUBPEFBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM/BNPOPDVMUVSBBBUFOPSFDBJTPCSFBCJPMPHJBEBFTQDJF
FBTUDOJDBTEFHFTUP JTUP RVBOUPNBJPSGPSBEFOTJEBEF BOJNBJTSFB
NBJPSEFWFTFSBBUFOP
EBEBFNBJTSFDPNFOEBEBQBSBPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP
"NBJPSEFTWBOUBHFNEFTUBQSUJDBBTVCVUJMJ[BPEPTBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTOPDPOTVNJEPTQFMBFTQDJF
FTDPMIJEB QPSOPGB[FSQBSUFEPTFVICJUPBMJNFOUBS$POTFRVFOUFNFOUF BQPMVJPPSHOJDBVN
EPTQSPCMFNBTEFTUFTJTUFNB
3.2
Policultura
$POTJTUFOBDSJBPEFEJGFSFOUFTFTQDJFTEFICJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEJTUJOUPTPOEFGFJUPPBQSPWFJUBNFOUP
EPTEJGFSFOUFTOWFJTEFUSDPTEFOUSPEPTUBORVFT BNEFHBSBOUJSPBVNFOUPEBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
/FTUFUJQPEFTJTUFNBEFWFTFFTUBCFMFDFSOBEFOTJEBEFEPTUBORVFTBQSPQPSPSFMBUJWBEBTFTQDJFT
31
"QSPQPSPEFOJEBUFOEPFNDPOUBFTQDJFQSJODJQBMPVTFDVOESJBBTFSFNDSJBEBTCVTDBOEPVNB
NBJPS QSPEVUJWJEBEF 1PEFN TFS DSJBEBT KVOUBT QPS FYFNQMP B DBSQB DPNVN F B UJMQJB FOUSF PVUSBT
DPNCJOBFT
" QSPQPSP SFDPNFOEBEB EF EF QFJYFT EF TVQFSGDJF UJMQJB DBSQB DBQJN
F P SFTUBOUF FOUSF
QFJYFTEFDPMVOBEFHVB DBSQBEFDBCFBHSBOEF
FEFGVOEP DBSQBDPNVN

3.3
Piscicultura Integrada
" QJTDJDVMUVSB QPEF TFS DPNCJOBEB DPN B QSUJDB EB BHSJDVMUVSB F B QFDVSJB P RVF QPEF DPOEV[JS
B VNB CPB VUJMJ[BP EF SFDVSTPT MPDBJT F SFTVMUBS FN BMUB QSPEVP F BMUPT MVDSPT " JOUFHSBP UFN
DPNPPCKFDUJWPPBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEBSBPOPEJHFSJEB EPTEFKFDUPTEPTBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFTDSJBEPTF
EFTQFSEDJPTEBBHSJDVMUVSBQBSBGFSUJMJ[BSBHVBEPTUBORVFT
0TBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFTTPDSJBEPTFNJOTUBMBFTBEKBDFOUFTBPTUBORVFTQBSBRVFPTFYDSFNFOUPTFPT
SFTUPTEFDPNJEBQPTTBNTFSBQSPWFJUBEPTEJSFDUBNFOUFQFMPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVUJDPT
6N QJTDJDVMUPS JTPMBEP PV BTTPDJBEP QPEF GB[FS B QJTDJDVMUVSB JOUFHSBEB UFOEP FN DPOUB P TFHVJOUF
FYFNQMPEFJOUFHSBPCFNTVDFEJEB
&YFNQMPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFHSBEBTVTUFOUWFM
r
BUBORVFTmDPNBMFWJOPTDBEB
r
6NBDBQPFJSBmDPNQBUPT
r
6NBSFBEFYNFUSPTEFIPSUDPMBT
4BCFOEPRVFTFEFWFFTQFSBSOPNOJNPNFTFTQBSBTFFGFDUVBSBDBQUVSB TJHOJDBRVF
r
&NVNBOP QPEFGB[FSDBQUVSBTEFQFJYF
r
1PEFUFSUPOFMBEBEFQFJYF
r
4FEPTQBUPT GPSFNGNFBTFNBDIPT FOUP

m6NBGNFBQPEFUFSQPSNEJBQBUJOIPTFGNFBTQPEFNUFSQBUJOIPTRVFQSFDJTBN
de 4 a 5 meses para crescer.

m4FQPSBOPVNBGNFBUFNQPTUVSBT FOUPGNFBTQPEFNEBSPSJHFNBQBUJOIPT
$PNPUFSSFOPGSUJM BQSPEVPEFBHSDPMBQPEFTFSQFSNBOFOUF UPEPPBOP

FBCVOEBOUF
3.3.2
A Rizipiscicultura
3J[JQJTDJDVMUVSBVNTJTUFNBBVUPTVTUFOUWFMEFUFDOPMPHJBMJNQBDBSBDUFSJ[BEPQFMBDSJBPDPOKVOUBPV
BMUFSOBEBEFBSSP[JSSJHBEPFDSJBPEFQFJYFT TFNPVTPEFBHSPUYJDPT SFEV[JOEPPVTPEFNBRVJOBSJB
DPOTFSWBOEPPNFJPBNCJFOUF QSPQPSDJPOBOEPBVNFOUPEFSFOEBQPSSFBFDPOTUJUVJOEPTFOVNBEBT
GPSNBTNBJTSBDJPOBJTEFVUJMJ[BSVNNFJPBRVUJDPKFYJTUFOUF BQSPWFJUBOEPPQBSBPVUSPTOT
"JOUFHSBPEPBSSP[DPNPQFJYFVNBBMUFSOBUJWBEFSFEVPEFDVTUPTEBMBWPVSBBSSP[FJSBQPSRVF
PQFJYFQSFQBSBPTPMPQBSBPQSYJNPDSJBPEPBSSP[JSSJHBEP SFDJDMBBNBUSJBPSHOJDBFDPOTPNF
TFNFOUFTEFQMBOUBTJOWBTPSBTDPOUJEBTOPTPMP DPNPBSSP[WFSNFMIPFPVUSBTQMBOUBTBRVUJDBT0QFJYF
UBNCNDPOTPNFMBSWBTEFJOTFDUPT TFNFOUFTEFBSSP[QFSEJEBTOBDBQUVSBFSFTUPTDVMUVSBJTEBMBWPVSB
RVFTPGPDPTEFGVOHPT
32
1BSBPCUFSUBJTSFTVMUBEPTTPVUJMJ[BEBTFTQDJFTEFQFJYFTRVFQPTTVFNICJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEJGFSFODJBEPT
DPNPQPSFYFNQMPBTDBSQBT GBDJMJUBOEPBFYFDVPEFTUFUSBCBMIP
importante mencionar que desde a fase inicial at a captura, os peixes no consomem as
plantas de arroz VNBWF[RVFRVBOEPPTBMFWJOPTTPDPMPDBEPT EJBTBQTBTFNFOUFJSBEPBSSP[

BTSB[FTEPBSSP[KTFFODPOUSBNCFNQSPUFHJEBTQFMPTPMP&TTFTBMFWJOPTQPTTVFN OPSNBMNFOUF BU
6 centmetros de comprimento.
0DVMUJWPEFQFJYFFNSJ[JQJTDJDVMUVSBJOJDJBOBQPDBEBGPSNBPEBOPWBMBWPVSB FNVNNPNFOUPEF
QPVDBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFSFDVSTPT"TTJN TFQPSVNMBEPFTUBQSUJDBSFEV[PTDVTUPTEFQSPEVP QPS
outro, incrementa a renda.
33
34
1-"/05&.5*$0 NJO
I INTRODUO
II IMPORTNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA GUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE
III OS PRINCIPAIS PARMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA GUA
1BSNFUSPTGTJDPTRVNJDPTEBHVB
r5FNQFSBUVSB
r5SBOTQBSODJB
rQ)
r0YJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP
r%JYJEPEFDBSCPOP
r4BJTEJTTPMWJEPT
r4MJEPTTVTQFOTPT
r/JUSJUP
1BSNFUSPT#JPMHJDPTEBHVB
IV ALIMENTAO DOS PEIXES DE GUA DOCE
5JQPTEFBMJNFOUBPOBBRVBDVMUVSB
r"MJNFOUPOBUVSBM
r"MJNFOUPBSUJDJBMPVTVQMFNFOUBS
Suplementos nutricionais
5JQPTEFSBP
r'BSJOBEB
r(SBOVMBEB
Mdulo 5
2VBMJEBEFEBHVBF"MJNFOUBPEPT1FJYFT$VMUJWBEPT
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
QUALIDADE DE GUA E ALIMENTAO DOS PEIXES

CULTIVADOS
35
36
I. INTRODUO
i*OEFQFOEFOUFNFOUFEBTDPOEJFTUPQPHSDBT UBNBOIPEPUFSSFOP UJQPEFTPMP PRVFWBJEFOJSP
NPEFMPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBFPNFMIPSTJTUFNBEFDSJBPBTFSJNQMBOUBEPBRVBOUJEBEFFBRVBMJEBEFEB
HVBu )VFU

1BSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTBOJNBJTDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP FDPOTFRVFOUFNFOUFPCUFSTFVNBQSPEVP
FDPOPNJDBNFOUFWJWFM OFDFTTSJPUFSVNDFSUPDPOUSPMPEBRVBMJEBEFEBHVB&NQJTDJDVMUVSBFTTB
RVBMJEBEFEFHVBT OPSNBMNFOUF PTGBDUPSFTGTJDPT RVNJDPTFCJPMHJDPT
" UFNQFSBUVSB P PYJHOJP B TBMJOJEBEF F P Q) BDJEF[
TP EFUFSNJOBOUFT OP EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP F
TPCSFWJWODJBEPTQFJYFT
.BT P TVDFTTP OB QJTDJDVMUVSB QBTTB UBNCN QFMB BENJOJTUSBP EF VNB BMJNFOUBP BEFRVBEB BPT
QFJYFT 1PS JTTP UPSOBTF JOEJTQFOTWFM P DPOIFDJNFOUP EPT ICJUPT BMJNFOUBSFT F OFDFTTJEBEFT
OVUSJDJPOBJTEPTQFJYFTQBSBBBEFRVBPEBSBPBTFSGPSOFDJEB WJTUPRVFBOVUSJPUFNFGFJUPEJSFDUP
OBTPCSFWJWODJB OPDSFTDJNFOUPFOBSFQSPEVP
0ICJUPBMJNFOUBSGPSOFDFOPTVNBJEFJBEBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEFDBEBFTQDJF1PSFYFNQMP
QFJYFTDBSOWPSPTBQSPWFJUBNNFMIPSPTBMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNBOJNBM OFDFTTJUBOEPEFNBJPSDPOUFEP
QSPUJDPOBSBPEPRVFPTIFSCWPSPT RVBOEPDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP
4P DPOTJEFSBEPT QSJODJQBJT OVUSJFOUFT BT QSPUFOBT PT DBSCPIJESBUPT F BT HPSEVSBT " FOFSHJB VN
DPNQPOFOUF UBNCN OFDFTTSJP QBSB BT GVOFT WJUBJT EP QFJYF DPNP DSFTDJNFOUP MPDPNPP F
SFQSPEVP
1PSUBOUP PGPSOFDJNFOUPEFBMJNFOUPBEFRVBEPFNRVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFJNQPSUBOUFQBSBPTVDFTTP
da piscicultura.
II. IMPORTNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA GUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE

"HVBPDPNQPTUPDPOTJEFSBEPDPNPBFTTODJBEPQMBOFUBFEPNJOBQPSDPNQMFUPBDPNQPTJP
RVNJDBEPTTFSFTWJWPT BMNEFTFSPNFJPPOEFWJWFNPTQFJYFT6NBHVBCPBQBSBPQFTDBEPOFN
TFNQSFVNBHVBCPBQBSBCFCFSNPT"RVBOUJEBEFFBRVBMJEBEFEBHVBTPVNGBDUPSQSFQPOEFSBOUF
QBSBPDSJBEPSEFDJEJSBFTQDJFEFQFJYFBTFSDSJBEB
/P EJNFOTJPOBNFOUP EF VN QSPKFDUP EFWF DPOTJEFSBSTF VNB WB[P TVDJFOUF QBSB FODIFS P NBJPS
UBORVFFNEJBT OPWFOUBFTFJTIPSBT FSFQPSBHVBQFSEJEBQFMPTQSPDFTTPTEFJOMUSBPFFWBQPSBP
&TUBQFSEBEJSJBEFWFTFSEFDFSDBEFDN
" QJTDJDVMUVSB OFDFTTJUB EF HVB QBSB FODIFS PT UBORVFT F DPNQFOTBS BT QFSEBT QPS FWBQPSBP F
JOMUSBP "T QFSEBT QPS FWBQPSBP EFQFOEFN EPT GBDUPSFT DMJNUJDPT OPSNBMNFOUF UFNQFSBUVSB
JOTPMBP IVNJEBEFEPBS WFOUPTFUD$BTPIBKBEDFEFPYJHOJP BUSPDBEFHVBEFWFSTFSNBJT
frequente.
III. OS PRINCIPAIS PARMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA GUA

Parmetros fsicos /qumicos da gua
"TDBSBDUFSTUJDBTGTJDBTFRVNJDBTEBHVBTPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTPSHBOJTNPTRVFOFMBWJWFN"T
WBSJBFTNBJTJNQPSUBOUFTRVFEFWFNTFSNPOJUPSJ[BEBTFNDVMUJWPEFQFJYFTTP
37
r 5FNQFSBUVSB
"UFNQFSBUVSBFYFSDFQSPGVOEBJOVODJBTPCSFBWJEBBRVUJDBFEFTFNQFOIBQBQFMQSFQPOEFSBOUF
OBBMJNFOUBP SFQSPEVPFSFTJTUODJBTEPFOBTQBSBDBEBHSVQPEFQFJYFT&MBUBNCNJOVFODJB
EJSFDUBNFOUFOBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFPYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP SFHVMBOEPBJOHFTUPEFBMJNFOUPTQFMPTQFJYFT
%BBWBOUBHFNEBTSFHJFTUSPQJDBJTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB VNBWF[RVFOFMBTPTQFJYFTJOHFSFNBMJNFOUPT
TFNHSBOEFTDPOTUSBOHJNFOUPTQSBUJDBNFOUFEVSBOUFUPEPPBOP
"GBJYBJEFBMEBTFTQDJFTUSPQJDBJTFTUFOUSFB$ TFOEPPOWFMQUJNPQBSBBNBJPSJBFOUSF
F $ 5FNQFSBUVSBT JOGFSJPSFT B $ OPSNBMNFOUF BGFDUBN P NFUBCPMJTNP EPT QFJYFT USPQJDBJT
QSPWPDBOEPEJNJOVJPEFBQFUJUFFEBTUBYBTEFDSFTDJNFOUP"UFNQFSBUVSBMFUBMNVJUPWBSJWFMFOUSF
FTQDJFT TFOEPEF$QBSBBTDBSQBT $QBSBBTUJMQJBT
0DPOUSPMPEFUFNQFSBUVSBEBHVBEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVPQPEFTFSGFJUPQPSNFJPTBSUJDJBJTDPNP
VTPEFBRVFDFEPSFT NBTNVJUPEJTQFOEJPTP
1PSJTTP BPTFDPOTUSVJSVNUBORVF EFWFTFFTDPMIFSVNMPDBMCFNFYQPTUPBPTPMFBPWFOUP POEFQPTTB
tirar o maior rendimento dos dois.
r 5SBOTQBSODJB
" USBOTQBSODJB VNB NFEJEB EJSFDUBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEB DPN B RVBOUJEBEF EF NBUSJB PSHOJDB
QMODUPO NBUFSJBJTFNTVTQFOTPEFDPSSFOUFTEBTDIVWBT FUD QSFTFOUFOBHVB
2VBOEPBUSBOTQBSODJBFTUSFMBDJPOBEBTQBSUDVMBTEFBSHJMBFFNTVTQFOTP PFYDFTTPEFQBSUDVMBT
EFBSHJMBRVFHSVEBNOBTCSORVJBTDBVTBNQSPCMFNBTEFSFTQJSBPOPTQFJYFT
BHVBBQSFTFOUBVNB
DPMPSBPOBDPSEFDBG HVBCBSSFOUB
&TUBTFPVUSBTHVBTBNBSFMBEBTPVBDBTUBOIBEBT QSPWFOJFOUFT
EFQOUBOPTPVDIBSOFDBT TPDJEBTFJNQSQSJBTQBSBDSJBPEFQFJYFT
/P DBTP EF FTUBS SFMBDJPOBEB B FYDFTTP EF QMODUPO B HVB BQSFTFOUB DPMPSBP FTWFSEFBEB F TP
HFSBMNFOUFCPBTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB
O disco de SecchiPFRVJQBNFOUPVTBEPQBSBNFEJSFTTFQBSNFUSP6NBUSBOTQBSODJBJEFBMEBHVB
EFVNUBORVFNFEJEBQFMPEJTDPEF4FDDIJFTUFNUPSOPEFFDN JOEJDBOEPVNBCPBQSPEVP
CJPMHJDBOPTUBORVFT
0FTUBCFMFDJNFOUPEFVNBUSBOTQBSODJBJEFBMQBSBQJTDJDVMUVSBNVJUPEJGDJM NBTFTUOPSNBMNFOUF
FOUF B DN 5BORVFT NVJUP USBOTQBSFOUFT NBJT EF DN
GBWPSFDFN P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EF
NBDSUBT+BUSBOTQBSODJBNFOPSEFDNJOEJDBFYDFTTPEFNBUSJBFNTVTQFOTP
"THVBTOBUVSBJTOPTPQVSBTFBQSFTFOUBNVNBTSJFEFNBUFSJBJTEJTTPMWJEPTFFNTVTQFOTP UBJT
DPNPQBSUDVMBTEFBSHJMB EFUSJUPTPSHOJDPTFPTQSQSJPTNJDSPSHBOJTNPTRVFWJWFNOBHVB
&TTFDPOKVOUPEFNBUFSJBJTEJTQFSTPTOBHVBSFEV[BQFOFUSBPEBMV[ JNQFEJOEPRVFHSBOEFQBSUF
BUJOKBBTDBNBEBTNBJTQSPGVOEBT&TUFFGFJUPEFSFEVPEFMV[BPBUSBWFTTBSBDPMVOBEBHVBDIBNBEP
EF563#*%&;
r Q)
BNFEJEBRVFFYQSFTTBTFVNBHVBDJEBPVBMDBMJOBFNFTDBMBRVFWBSJB [FSP
B DBUPS[F
FWBSJB
FNGVOPEFOVNFSPTPTGBDUPSFTRVNJDPTFCJPMHJDPT
0 Q) JOUFSWN GSFRVFOUFNFOUF OB EJTUSJCVJP EPT PSHBOJTNPT BRVUJDPT " SFTQJSBP GPUPTTOUFTF
BEVCBP DBJBHFNFQPMVJPTPGBDUPSFTDBQB[FTEFBMUFSBSPQ)OBHVB
"NFMIPSHVBQBSBBDSJBPEPQFJYFBRVFQPTTVJVNBSFBDPMJHFJSBNFOUFBMDBMJOB JTUP Q)FOUSF

38
r 0YJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP 0%
0PYJHOJPEBHVBQSPWFOJFOUFEBBUNPTGFSBFEPTWFHFUBJTRVFPDPSSFNTVCNFSTPTFRVFMJCFSUBNP
PYJHOJPBUSBWTEBGPUPTTOUFTF0PYJHOJPDPOTVNJEPQFMPTBOJNBJT DPNPPTQFJYFT
QFMPTWFHFUBJT
BMHBTFQMBOUBTBRVUJDBTTVCNFSTBT
FUBNCN QFMPQSPDFTTPEFEFDPNQPTJPEBNBUSJBPSHOJDB
0IPSSJPJEFBMQBSBDPOUSPMPEPTOWFJTEF0%MPHPQFMBNBOI QPJTEVSBOUFBOPJUFUPEPTPTPSHBOJTNPT
EPUBORVF QFJYFT BMHBT NJDSPSHBOJTNPT QMODUPO FUD
DPOTPNFN01PSUBOUP OBTQSJNFJSBTIPSBT
EBNBOIRVFBDPODFOUSBPEF0%TFFODPOUSBDSUJDB PRVFQPEFPDBTJPOBSQSPCMFNBTDSOJDPTOPT
QFJYFTFBUBNPSUF
0VUSBJNQPSUODJBRVFPTOWFJTEF0%UFNVNBSFMBPJOWFSTBNFOUFQSPQPSDJPOBMBPBVNFOUPEB
UFNQFSBUVSB PVTFKB RVBOUPNBJPSGPSBUFNQFSBUVSBEBHVB NFOPSTFSBRVBOUJEBEFEF0%
&YJTUFNEVBTGPOUFTOBUVSBJTEFPCUFOPEFPYJHOJP
Difuso directa
"USBWTEPDPOUBDUPFQFOFUSBPEJSFDUBEPBSBUNPTGSJDPOBHVB0PYJHOJPEBBUNPTGFSBFOUSBOB
HVBQSJODJQBMNFOUFQPSNJTUVSBNFDOJDB QSPWPDBEBQFMBBDPEPTWFOUPT QPSDPSSFOUFTOBUVSBJTEF
NBTTBTICSJEBTFBHJUBFTDBVTBEBTQFMBUPQPHSBBEPUFSSFOP
"DPODFOUSBPEPPYJHOJPOBHVB WBSJBDPNBTVBUFNQFSBUVSB SFMBPDPODFOUSBPUFNQFSBUVSB
FTUJOUJNBNFOUFMJHBEB
CFNDPNPBTPMVCJMJEBEFEFTTFHTEFQFOEFBJOEBEBQSFTTPBUNPTGSJDB
"TPMVCJMJEBEFEPPYJHOJPOBHVBEJNJOVJNFEJEBRVFBUFNQFSBUVSBBVNFOUB&NUFNQFSBUVSBBMUB
PTQFJYFTMPHPVUJMJ[BNP0%EBHVB QPEFOEPPDPSSFSNPSUBMJEBEFQPSBTYJB
Processo de fotossntese
"MJCFSUBPEFPYJHOJPOBHVB NFEJBOUFQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUUJDPQFMPUPQMODUPO BMHBT FNFTQFDJBM

BQSJODJQBMGPOUFEFPCUFOPEP0%FNVNTJTUFNBEFDSJBPEFQFJYFT
%VSBOUF P QSPDFTTP GPUPTTJOUUJDP QFMPT SHPT DMPSPMBEPT EPT WFHFUBJT P HT DBSCOJDP $0

EFTEPCSBEPTPCBBDPEBMV[TPMBS
&ORVBOUPPDBSCPOP $
VUJMJ[BEPQBSBBTOUFTFEFIJESBUPTEFDBSCPOPFDBSCPOBUPT PPYJHOJP
FYQFMJEP DPOUSJCVJOEPQBSBBPYJHFOBPEBHVB
4FNBMV[TPMBS JNQPSUBOUTTJNBQBSBFTTFQSPDFTTP PPYJHOJPFYQFMJEPEVSBOUFBTIPSBTEPEJBFN
RVFFMBTVDJFOUFQBSBFTTBGVOPTJPMHJDBFBUPOEFQPTTBQFOFUSBSFNRVBOUJEBEFTVDJFOUF
OPJUF IDPOTVNPEF0%FOPQSPEVP
&N HVBT UVSWBT F DPN CBJYB USBOTQBSODJB B QSPEVP GPUPTTJOUUJDB QPEF EJNJOVJS PV BU NFTNP
QBSBS1PEFTFOPUBS QPSUBOUP RVFPQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUUJDPEPTPSHBOJTNPTDMPSPMBEPTFTUMJNJUBEP
TDBNBEBTTVQFSDJBJTEFHVB POEFBNBJPSQBSUFEBMV[BCTPSWJEB
r %JYJEPEF$BSCPOP $02)
0HTDBSCOJDP TFKBOPFTUBEPMJWSFPVOBGPSNBEFDJEPGSBDPPVEFCJDBSCPOBUP FODPOUSBTFOBHVB
FNTPMVPJOTUWFMF TWF[FT TPCSFBGPSNBEFDBSCPOBUPTRVFQSFDJQJUBN
Quando ocorre um aumento de CO2 PQ)EJNJOVJPDPOUSSJPUBNCNQPEFPDPSSFS0TBMUPTUFPSFT
de CO2 QPEFN TFS FODPOUSBEPT RVBOEP VTBTF HVB TVCUFSSOFB RVBOEP PDPSSF VN iCMPPNu BMUP
DPOTVNPEFPYJHOJPEVSBOUFPQSPDFTTPEFSFTQJSBP
EFBMHBTOPJUF FOPUSBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFT0T
OWFJTTVCMFUBJTFTUPFOUSFBNHMFMFUBJTEFBNHM0CO2QPEFTFSSFNPWJEPEBHVBQFMB
BFSBPEBHVB QFMPBVNFOUPEFQ) QFMPDPOUSPMFUPQMODUPOFQFMBDPOTUSVPDPSSFDUBEPTWJWFJSPT
39
FOUSBEBEFHVBPQPTUBTBEB TBEBEBHVBOPGVOEP GPSNBSFDUBOHVMBS FUD

r 4BJT%JTTPMWJEPT
.VJUBT TVCTUODJBT FODPOUSBNTF EJTTPMWJEBT OB HVB &ORVBOUP BMHVNBT TP FTTFODJBJT QBSB B
TPCSFWJWODJB EPT PSHBOJTNPT DPNP P OJUSPHOJP F P GTGPSP PVUSBT TP UYJDBT DPNP B BNOJB F
provocam mortalidade e insucesso nos cultivos.
r 4MJEPTTVTQFOTPT
0TTMJEPTTVTQFOTPTDPSSFTQPOEFNBQBSUDVMBTEFBMJNFOUPOPDPOTVNJEPT GF[FTPVNBUSJBJOPSHOJDB
FNTVTQFOTPOBDPMVOBEFHVB
"HVBTVKBQSFKVEJDBPQFJYFEFEVBTGPSNBT
DirectaQFMPTGFSJNFOUPTPVBDNVMPTOBTCSORVJBT DPNQSPNFUFOEPBSFTQJSBPEPT
BOJNBJT
IndirectaQFMBEJNJOVJPEBQFOFUSBPEFMV[OBHVB SFEV[JOEPBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
natural do viveiro.
5FPSFTEFHMTPTVQPSUBEPTQPSFTQDJFTUSPQJDBJT TFOEPPOWFMJEFBMEFHM
0MUSPNFDOJDPTJNQMFTQPEFEJNJOVJSPTNFTNPT TFOEPRVFVNMUSPEF NEFDBNBEBMUSBOUF
DBTDBMIP EF NN
N EF BMUVSB N EF DPNQSJNFOUP F N EF MBSHVSB MUSB VN DBOBM EF
BMJNFOUBPDPNEFTDBSHBEFMT
r /JUSJUP
0OJUSJUPVNQSPEVUPJOUFSNFEJSJPOBPYJEBPCJPMHJDBEBBNOJBBOJUSBUP OJUSJDBP
$PODFOUSBFT
FMFWBEBTQPEFNPDPSSFSFNDPOTFRVODJBEFQPMVJPPSHOJDBPVUFPSEF0%CBJYP
1BSBPTQFJYFT POJUSJUPNVJUPUYJDP QPJTDPNCJOBTFIFNPHMPCJOBOPTBOHVF PSJHJOBOEPBNFUB
IFNPHMPCJOB NUSBOTQPSUBEPSBEFPYJHOJP
RVFDPOGFSFDPMPSBPBDBTUBOIBEBBPTBOHVF NBUBOEP
PQFJYFQPSBTYJB
"QSFTFOBEFJFTEFDMPSPQPEFEJNJOVJSBUPYJDJEBEFEPOJUSJUP0OWFMEFOJUSJUPOPNFJPOPEFWF
FYDFEFSB NHM
/B BOMJTF RVNJDB EF VNB HVB EFTUJOBEB QJTDJDVMUVSB UPSOBNTF OFDFTTSJBT BT TFHVJOUFT
EFUFSNJOBFT
5BCFMBOWFJTEFTFKBEPTEFRVBMJEBEFEFHVB
Especificao da anlise
Nveis desejados
Q)
B
"MDBMJOJEBEF
BNHMFNTFVFRVJWBMFOUFFN$B$0

%VSF[B
$B$0
"DJNBEFNHMFNTFVFRVJWBMFOUFFN
0EJTTPMWJEP
"DJNBEFNHM
$0MJWSF
"CBJYPEFNHM
40
"NOJB
"CBJYPEF NHM
(TTVMGESJDP
"CBJYPEF NHM
.FUBOP
"CBJYPEF NHM
'FSSP
"CBJYPEF NHM
"MVNOJP
"CBJYPEF NHM
1SFTFOBEFOJUSBUPT GPTGBUPT DBSCPOBUPTFTVMGBUPT

1BSNFUSPTCJPMHJDPTEBHVB
6NUBORVFEFDSJBPEFQFJYFT BQFTBSEFTFSVNBNCJFOUFUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFDPOUSPMBEP OPEFJYB

EF DPOTUJUVJS VN TJTUFNB FDPMHJDP RVF EFWF TFS FTUVEBEP QPJT UPEBT BT PVUSBT NPEBMJEBEFT TPGSFN
JOVODJBEBTDPOEJFTCJPMHJDBTEPNFJP BMNEBTDPOEJFTDJUBEBTOPTUQJDPTBOUFSJPSFTEF
fundamental importncia o controlo do plncton.
.BUSJBPSHOJDB RVBOEPFNFYDFTTPMFWBBVNBPYJEBPCBDUFSJBOBRVFSFNPWFPPYJHOJPEBHVB
DSJBOEPQSPCMFNBTEFSFTQJSBPBPTQFJYFTFPVUSPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVUJDPT
"RVBMJEBEFEBHVBJOVFODJBEBQFMBGSFRVODJBEFBMJNFOUBP VNBWF[RVFPFYDFTTPEFSBPOP
UBORVFQSPWPDBEJNJOVJPEPPYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEPOBHVB QSFKVEJDBOEPPTQFJYFT
"THVBTEFDPSFTWFSEFBEBTPHFSBMNFOUFCPBTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB
IV. ALIMENTAO DOS PEIXES DE GUA DOCE

0TQFJYFT DPNPRVBMRVFSPVUSPBOJNBM EFWFNTFSBMJNFOUBEPTEJBSJBNFOUF
&NTJTUFNBTFYUFOTJWPTEFQSPEVP BUJMQJBEFQFOEFFYDMVTJWBNFOUFPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM FORVBOUP
RVFFNTJTUFNBTTFNJJOUFOTJWPUBOUPPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMDPNPPBSUJDJBMQPEFNTFSVUJMJ[BEPT
0BMJNFOUPEFWFTFSMBOBEPOPTDPNFEPVSPTOBQBSUFNFOPTGVOEB EFGPSNBRVFTFQPTTBWFSPTQFJYFT
B DPNFSFN %FWFTFBMJNFOUBSTDPNBRVBOUJEBEFRVFFMFTQPEFNDPNFS EFNPEPRVFOP IBKB
BDNVMPEFBMJNFOUPEFNBUSJBPSHOJDBOPUBORVF
Deve-se ter em conta que:
r 4FPTQFJYFTTPTBVEWFJT FMFTDPNFSPEFQSFTTB
r 4FFMFTDPNFNUVEPEFQSFTTB EFWFTFEBSVNQPVDPNBJTOPEJBTFHVJOUF
r 2VBOEPDPNFBSBTPCSBSSBPOBTVQFSGDJF TJHOJDBRVFPTQFJYFTFTUPTBDJBEPT
0ONFSPEFWF[FTRVFPTQFJYFTEFWFNTFSBMJNFOUBEPTQPSEJBWBSJBFNGVOPEBFTQDJFDSJBEB
UFNQFSBUVSB JEBEFPVUBNBOIPEPTQFJYFTFRVBMJEBEFEBHVBEPUBORVF"TTJN RVBOUPNFOPSGPSB
UFNQFSBUVSB NFOPSTFSPDPOTVNPEFSBPRVBOUPNBJTKPWFNGPSPQFJYF NBJTWF[FTQPSEJBFMFEFWF
ser alimentado.
1BSBQFJYFTDBSOWPSPT QPSFYFNQMP BSBPBENJOJTUSBEBEVBTBPEJBTVDJFOUF QPSN QBSBQFJYFT
41
PNOWPSPTDPNPBUJMQJB BSBPGPSOFDJEBUSTBPEJBSFTVMUBFNNFMIPSEFTFNQFOIP
2VBOUP BPT IPSSJPT EF GPSOFDJNFOUP EF SBP FTUFT WBSJBN DPOGPSNF B FTQDJF DVMUJWBEB 0 JEFBM
GPSOFDFSBSBPTFNQSFOPTNFTNPTIPSSJPT UPEPTPTEJBT QBSBRVFIBKBVNDPOEJDJPOBNFOUPEPT
QFJYFTGVOEBNFOUBM QPSN OPGPSOFDFSBMJNFOUPBPTQFJYFTRVBOEPBTDPODFOUSBFTEFPYJHOJP
FTUJWFSFNCBJYBT QBSBOPBHSBWBSBJOEBNBJTBTJUVBP0NBJTJNQPSUBOUFRVFPUSBUBEPSTFKBVN
CPNPCTFSWBEPS QPJTEFMFJSEFQFOEFSBTBEFFPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPBEFRVBEPEPTQFJYFT
1BSBBMNEBTVBEJTUSJCVJP BGPSNBEFQSFQBSPEPTBMJNFOUPTUBNCNEFWFTFSUJEBFNDPOUB
r 1BSBBMFWJOPTBSBP FNGPSNBEFGBSJOIB EFWFTFSEJTUSJCVEBBPMPOHPEBTNBSHFOTEPT
tanques.
r 1BSBQFJYFTEFBHSBNBT BTSB[FT HSPT WFSEVSBT GSVUBTFTFNFOUFTEFWFNTFSPGFSFDJEPT
FNQFRVFOPTQFEBPTEFNPEPRVFPQFJYFQPTTBBCPDBOIBS6NBCPBQSUJDBEFJYBSBT
TFNFOUFT SB[FTFHSPTEFNPMIPQFMPNFOPTIPSBTBOUFTEBEJTUSJCVJP
2VBMRVFS QSPEVUPS FYUFOTJWP QPEF QSPEV[JS B SBP QBSB P TFV QFJYF 1BSB UBM EFWFS UFS FN DPOUB B
SBPBTFSDPOGFDDJPOBEBEFWFSDPOUFSPTTFHVJOUFTJOHSFEJFOUFTFNRVBOUJEBEFTFRVBMJEBEFTRVF
SFTQFJUFNBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEFDBEBFTQDJF
r 'POUFTQSPUJDBTmGBSJOIBTQFJYF EFDBNBSP EFWTDFSBTEFGSBOHP EFGPMIBTEF
NBOEJPRVFJSB DPQSB PVEFMFHVNJOPTBTDPNPPTGFJKFT BTPKBPVPBNFOEPJN
r 'POUFTFOFSHUJDBT

m(PSEVSBmMFPEFDP[JOIB RVFUBNCNHBSBOUFPQPEFSEFVUVBCJMJEBEFSBP

m$BSCPIJESBUPTmUSJHP NBOEJPDB FUD QBSBHBSBOUJSBMJHBP BEFTP

EPTJOHSFEJFOUFT

m'JCSBTmGBSFMPTEFDFSFBJT
r 7JUBNJOBTFTBJTNJOFSBJTmGSVUBTFMFHVNFT
4.1. Tipos de alimentos na aquacultura

/BQJTDJDVMUVSBFYJTUFNEPJTUJQPTEFBMJNFOUPT
r "MJNFOUPOBUVSBM
0TBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTTPBRVFMFTQSPEV[JEPTOPUBORVF4PQMBOUBTFBOJNBJTNJDSPTDQJDPTRVFTF
EFTFOWPMWFNDPNPSFTVMUBEPEFBEVCBP CFNDPNPPNBUFSJBMPSHOJDPNPSUPPVFNEFDPN
QPTJPOPGVOEPEPUBORVFFRVFTPDPOTVNJEPTQFMPTQFJYFT
5JQPT EJGFSFOUFT EF QFJYFT DPOTPNFN BMJNFOUPT OBUVSBJT EJGFSFOUFT "MHVOT QSPDVSBN JOTFDUPT PV
NJOIPDBT OP GVOEP EP UBORVF BMHVOT EP QSFGFSODJB T QMBOUBT TVCNFSTBT PV SBTUFKBOUFT F PVUSPT
BMJNFOUBNTFEFQMBOUBTFBOJNBJTQFRVFOPTOBHVB
5PEPTPTPSHBOJTNPTRVFWJWFNOVNUBORVF EJSFDUBPVJOEJSFDUBNFOUF QBSUJDJQBNEPDSFTDJNOFUPEP
QFJYF
r "MJNFOUPBSUJDJBMPVTVQMFNFOUBS
0TBMJNFOUPTBSUJDJBJTTPBTSBFTCBMBODFBEBTQBSBQFJYFTPVTJNJMBSFT HSBOVMBEBTPVFNQFUPEPT
PTTVCQSPEVUPTBHSPQFDVSJPTMPDBJTRVFPQJTDJDVMUPSQPTTBPGFSFDFSBPTQFJYFT BFYFNQMPEFWFSEVSBT
SB[FTMFHVNFT GSVUBT HSPT GBSFMPT FUD
42
0BMJNFOUPBSUJDJBMEFWFTFSBENJOJTUSBEPEJBSJBNFOUFOBRVBOUJEBEFEFBUEBCJPNBTTBEJWJEJEP
FNEVBTPVNBJTSFGFJFT EFQSFGFSODJBOPNFTNPMPDBMFTNFTNBTIPSBTEPEJB
nr. de peixes X peso individual X percentagem de rao diria
'SNVMBQBSBDMDVMPEFSBPEJSJB
Rao diria=
100
nr. de peixes X peso individual X percentagem de rao diria
Rao diria=
100
Exemplo:
6NUBORVFDPNSFBEF1000 metrosRVBESBEPTFQSPGVOEJEBEFNEJBEF120 centmetros, tendo
VNBQPQVMBPEF800 peixes com peso de 200 gramasDBEB BEPQUBOEPBQSPQPSPde 3% de rao,
Rao diria (g)=
Rao diria (g)=
4FSPOFDFTTSJPTHEFSBPQPSEJB
800 X 200 (g) X 3

100
800 X 200 (g) X 3
100
= 480 g de ra por dia

= 480 g de ra por dia
/PEFDPSSFSEPDVMUJWPGB[TFOFDFTTSJPBEFRVBSDPOTUBOUFNFOUFBTRVBOUJEBEFTGPSOFDJEBTEFBMJNFOUPT
de acordo com o crescimento.
0TQFJYFTDSFTDFNNBJTSBQJEBNFOUFRVBOEPIEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFBMJNFOUPT QPSRVFBUSBWTEBEJFUB
BMJNFOUBSRVFFMFTSFDFCFNOVUSJFOUFTQBSBBUFOEFSBTTVBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEJSJBT
Suplementos nutricionais
B
1SPUFOBT
1SPUFOBTTPNPMDVMBTHSBOEFTFDPNQMFYBT&MBTDPNQPSUBNPTBNJOPDJEPTRVFTPDPNQPOFOUFT
JOEJTQFOTWFJT FTUSVUVSB F FN NVJUPT DBTPT GVODJPOBN DPNP DPFO[JNBT EF SFBDFT DFMVMBSFT
JNQPSUBOUFT0TBNJOPDJEPTRVFOPQPEFNTFSTJOUFUJ[BEPTQFMPTBOJNBJTPVRVFTPTJOUFUJ[BEPTFN
RVBOUJEBEFTJOTVDJFOUFTEFWFNTFSTVQMFNFOUBEBTOBEJFUB
"TUJMBQJBTBTTJNDPNPPVUSPTBOJNBJT OPOFDFTTBSJBNFOUFSFRVFSFNBTQSPUFOBTOBTVBEJFUB NBT
TJNVNCPNCBMBODFBNFOUPBNJOPBDEJDP"TTJN OPJNQPSUBBRVBOUJEBEFEFQSPUFOBFYJTUFOUFOPT
BMJNFOUPT BENJOJTUSBEPT BPT QFJYFT QPSRVF P DSFTDJNFOUP TBEJP EPT BOJNBJT EFQFOEF EB RVBMJEBEF
EFTTFTBNJOPDJEPTQSFTFOUFT
0T OWFJT QSPUFJDPT EFQFOEFN EF GBDUPSFT DPNP B FTQDJF JEBEF UBNBOIP UFNQFSBUVSB EB HVB
TBMJOJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEBQSPUFOB"GBMUBEFBNJOPDJEPTBEFRVBEPTQBSBVNBEBEBFTQDJFSFTVMUBFN
CBJYPEFTFNQFOIPOPDSFTDJNFOUP
C
7JUBNJOBT
"TWJUBNJOBTTPDPNQPTUPTPSHOJDPTRVFTPOFDFTTSJPFNQFRVFOBTRVBOUJEBEFTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUP
SFQSPEVPFTBEFOPSNBJTEPTBOJNBJT%FDJODJBTWJUBNOJDBTQPEFNSFTVMUBSFNEPFOBTEFPSJHFN
OVUSJDJPOBM DPNP SFEV[JEP DSFTDJNFOUP PV VN BVNFOUP EB TVTDFQUJCJMJEBEF QBSB DPOUSBJS JOGFDFT
Todavia, suplementos de vitaminas noTPJODMVEPTOBTSBFTBSUJDJBJTPVTVQMFNFOUBSFTQBSBUJMQJBT
RVFTPQSPEV[JEBTFNEFOTJEBEFTCBJYBTPVNPEFSBEBT RVFDSFTDFNFNUBORVFTGFSUJMJ[BEPT"TTVNF
TFRVF TPCFTUBTDPOEJFT BUJMQJBDPOTVNFVNBRVBOUJEBEFTVDJFOUFEFBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM DBQB[EF
satisfazer as suas necessidades vitamnicas.
D
.JOFSBJT
43
0TNJOFSBJTTPFMFNFOUPTJOPSHOJDPTOFDFTTSJPTBPBOJNBJTQBSBNBOUFSBTTVBTGVOFTNFUBCMJDBT
UBJTDPNPBFTUSVUVSBEPTPTTPT EFOUFTFUFDJEPT PTNPSSFHVMBP JNQVMTPTFUSBOTNJTTFTOFSWPTBT
DPOUSBDP NVTDVMBS SFHVMBP EP Q) EP TBOHVF F PVUSPT VJEPT 0T QFJYFT UN B DBQBDJEBEF EF
BCTPSWFSPTNJOFSBJTEBHVBEVSBOUFBSFTQJSBPFQPSJTTP OPTPOPSNBMNFOUFBEJDJPOBEPTTEJFUBT
QBSBDVMUJWPFYUFOTJWPFYDFQPEFBMHVOTNJOFSBJTDPNPPGTGPSP EFWFNTFSBEJDJPOBEPTEJFUBFN
QFJYFTDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP
4.2. Tipos de rao para peixes

1PSWJWFSFNFNNFJPBRVUJDP PTQFJYFTFOGSFOUBNPQSPCMFNBEFTFVTBMJNFOUPTQFSEFSFNOVUSJFOUFT
QSJODJQBMNFOUF PT IJESPTTPMWFJT 4FOEP BTTJN P QSPDFTTBNFOUP BEFRVBEP EB SBP GVOEBNFOUBM
OBBMJNFOUBPEPTBOJNBJTFNDBUJWFJSP"TGPSNBTGTJDBTNBJTDPNVOTEFGPSOFDJNFOUPEFSBPBPT
QFJYFTTP
r
'BSJOBEBPTJOHSFEJFOUFTEBSBPTPBQFOBTNPEPTFNJTUVSBEPT4VBVUJMJ[BPBQFOBT
SFDPNFOEBEBOPTQSJNFJSPTFTUHJPTEFEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT VNBWF[RVFBTVBDBQBDJEBEF
EFDBQUVSBSBMJNFOUPTGSBDB6NBWF[RVFBTQFSEBTEFOVUSJFOUFTTPNVJUPHSBOEFTQPEFOEPDBVTBS
B QPMVJP EB HVB EPT UBORVFT FTUF UJQP EF SBP OP NVJUP SFDPNFOEBEP QBSB PVUSBT GBTFT EF
DSFTDJNFOUPEPQFJYF
r
(SBOVMBEBBTGBSJOIBT QPSNFJPEBDPNCJOBPEFIVNJEBEFFQSFTTPTPUSBOTGPSNBEBT
FN HSOVMPT 1BSB TF GB[FS PT HSOVMPT OFDFTTSJP QSJNFJSP DP[FS QBSUF EPT JOHSFEJFOUFT DVKP WBMPS
OVUSJDJPOBMBVNFOUBEPQFMBBDPEBUFNQFSBUVSBFNTFHVJEBEFWFNTFSQSPEV[JEBTGBSJOIBTRVFTF
KVOUBNBPTJOHSFEJFOUFTMRVJEP TPBNBTTBEPT HSBOVMBEBT TFDPTFEFQPJTFNCBMBEPTFNTBDPTDBJYBT
FBSNB[FOBS1PSN UFNVNDVTUPEFQSPEVPNBJTFMFWBEPRVBOEPDPNQBSBEBSBPGBSJOBEB
&NBMHVOTDBTPT IOFDFTTJEBEFEFFYUSVTMB/BFYUSVTP QBSBBMNEBIVNJEBEFFQSFTTPPTHSOVMPT
EBSBPQBTTBNQPSTFDBHFNSQJEBFNFMFWBEBTUFNQFSBUVSBTRVFGBDVMUBNBTVBEJMBUBP"EJMBUBP
PSFTVMUBEPEFQFRVFOPTFTQBPTDPNBSEFOUSPEPHSOVMPRVFQFSNJUFNRVFFTUFTFKBNBJTFTUWFM
FVUVFOBHVB4VBFTUBCJMJEBEFOBTVQFSGDJFEBHVBEFDFSDBEFNJOVUPT PRVFHBSBOUFTVB
RVBMJEBEF&TUFUJQPEFSBPSFEV[BTQFSEBTEFOVUSJFOUFTOBHVB
44
**OUSPEVP
II. Conceito de doena
III. Principais causas das doenas
IV. Mecanismos de defesa
71SJODJQBJTTJOUPNBTRVFBVYJMJBNOBEFUFDPEFEPFOBT
7*.FEJEBTBTFUPNBSRVBOEPTVSHFNQFJYFTEPFOUFTOPUBORVF
7**1SFWFOPEFEPFOBT
7***1BSBTJUBTEPTQFJYFT
IX. Tipos de tratamento
Mdulo 6
1-"/05&.5*$0 NJO
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
PREVENO E TRATAMENTO DAS DOENAS
45
46
I.
INTRODUO
0TQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUF DPOWJWFNFNFRVJMCSJPDPNPTQBSBTJUBTFBHFOUFTQBUPHOJDPT.BT DPNPPT

PVUSPTTFSFTWJWPT BTFTQDJFTDSJBEBTFNUBORVFTEFBRVBDVMUVSB UBNCNTPTVTDFQUWFJTTEPFOBT
" TVTDFQUJCJMJEBEF T EPFOBT WBSJB DPN B FTQDJF JEBEF QBSUJDVMBSJEBEFT JOEJWJEVBJT F BMUFSBFT
BNCJFOUBJT
$PNPEJ[PEJUBEPQPQVMBSiBQSFWFOPPNFMIPSSFNEJPu OPJSFNPTBRVJQSFTDSFWFSNFEJDBNFOUPT
OFNEPTFTUFSBQVUJDBT*SFNPTSFDPNFOEBSCPBTQSUJDBTEFNBOVTFBNFOUPRVFBVYJMJBNOBQSFWFOP
EFEPFOBTFNQFJYFT1BSBRVFBBDUJWJEBEFUFOIBTVTUFOUBCJMJEBEF EFWFNPTTFNQSFCVTDBSPFRVJMCSJP
FOUSFPBNCJFOUFBSUJDJBMRVFDSJBNPTFPTTFVTIBCJUBOUFT
II.
CONCEITO DE DOENA
%PFOB BMUFSBP EP FTUBEP TJPMHJDP GTJDP F DPNQPSUBNFOUBM EF VN PSHBOJTNP FN SFTQPTUB
QSFTFOBEFVNPVNBJTPSHBOJTNPTQBUPHOJDPT MFWBOEPPBPQBEFDJNFOUPFQPSWF[FTNPSUF
III.
PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DAS DOENAS
"DPODFOUSBPEFPSHBOJTNPTTFKBNQFJYFT BWFTPV)PNFOT JOFWJUBWFMNFOUFPDBTJPOBPQPSUVOJEBEF

QBSBBQSPMJGFSBPEFTFVTQBSBTJUBTFEPFOBT
"NCJFOUFT EFTGBWPSWFJT PV VNB EJFUB EFTCBMBODFBEB TP GBDUPSFT EF TUSFTT RVF BDUVBN EF GPSNB
QSFKVEJDJBMOBTBEFEPTBOJNBJTFEJNJOVFNBTVBJNVOJEBEF&TUBTDPOEJFTEFCJMJUBNPTBOJNBJTF
GBDJMJUBNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOBTNBJTHSBWFT/BNBJPSJBEPTDBTPT BTFOGFSNJEBEFTJOGFDDJPTBTF
QBSBTJUSJBTOPSNBMNFOUFTPDPOTFRVODJBTEFVNDVJEBEPEFDJFOUFFEFDPOEJFTBOUJIJHJOJDBT
UBOUPFNHVBTMJWSFT DPNPFNBRVSJPT
a) Causas ambientais
Temperatura:$BEBFTQDJFOFDFTTJUBEFVNBUFNQFSBUVSBJEFBMQBSBPTFVDSFTDJNFOUPFSFQSPEVP
4FPTMJNJUFTEFUFNQFSBUVSBJEFBJTOPGPSFNSFTQFJUBEPT QPEFSGBWPSFDFSJOTUBMBPEFEPFOBT
Transparncia: FTUSFMBDJPOBEBQSFTFOBEFTFEJNFOUPTFBQSPEVPEFQMODUPO0QMODUPOVN
BMJNFOUPDPNVNBQUJNBDPNQPTJPOVUSJDJPOBMF FNDVMUJWPTFYUFOTJWPT JOEJTQFOTWFMQBSBVNB
EJFUBNBJTFRVJMJCSBEB"BVTODJBEPQMODUPOQPEFDBVTBSVNEDFOVUSJDJPOBMFGBDJMJUBSPTVSHJNFOUP
de doenas.
0YJHOJPBGBMUBEFPYJHOJPQPEFMFWBSBPTUSFTTTJPMHJDPFQSFEJTQPTJPTEPFOBT&NUBORVFT
TVQFSBEVCBEPTFPVDPNFYDFTTPEFQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUFPDPSSFBGBMUBEFPYJHOJP
pH:WBMPSFTGPSBEPJOUFSWBMPJEFBMQBSBBFTQDJFFNDVMUJWPQPEFNQPSVNMBEPJOUFSGFSJSOFHBUJWBNFOUF
OBTSFBDFTTJPMHJDBTEPTBOJNBJTFQPSPVUSPMBEP FMJNJOBSPVEJDVMUBSBGPSNBPEPQMODUPO
Compostos nitrogenados:FYDFTTPEFBNOJB OJUSJUPT OJUSBUPTFVSFJBTPUYJDPTFQPEFNDBVTBSP
TUSFTTOPTQFJYFT QSFEJTQPOEPMIFTBPTVSHJNFOUPEFEPFOBTPVDBVTBOEPJOUPYJDBFTGBUBJT
1SPEVUPTBHSPUYJDPTGVOHJDJEBT IFSCJDJEBTPVJOTFDUJDJEBTVTBEPTOPDPNCBUFTQSBHBTOBTDVMUVSBT
TPPVUSBGPOUFEFQPMVJPQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB&TUFTQSPEVUPTHFSBMNFOUFEFTUSPFNPQMODUPOFQPEFN
DBVTBSBNPSUFEPTQFJYFTQPSJOUPYJDBP
b) Causas nutricionais
0T QFJYFT DPN EDF BMJNFOUBS UBOUP EF BMJNFOUP OBUVSBM DPNP BSUJDJBM DBN EFCJMJUBEPT F
47
BQSFTFOUBNNFOPSSFTJTUODJBTJOGFDFTEVSBOUFPDVMUJWP
"EFDJODJBWJUBNOJDBEJNJOVJBDBQBDJEBEFEFDJDBUSJ[BP EFGFSJNFOUPTDBVTBEPTQFMPNBOVTFBNFOUP
EVSBOUFBQFTDBPVUSBOTQPSUFFBVNFOUBBTQSPCBCJMJEBEFTEFJOTUBMBFTEFCBDUSJBTFWSVTOFTTBT
MFTFT
c) Causas ligadas ao maneio
r "MUBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMOPTUBORVFTRVFGBWPSFDFSQJEBEJTTFNJOBPEPTBHFOUFTQB
UPHOJDPT
r &YQPTJPFYDFTTJWBTTVCTUODJBTUYJDBTDPNPJOTFDUJDJEBTFNFEJDBNFOUPTRVFSFTVMUBFN
JOUPYJDBFT
r *OUSPEVPEFHVBDPOUBNJOBEBOBTVOJEBEFTEFDVMUJWP
r "ENJOJTUSBPEFSBFTDPOUBNJOBEBT FTQFDJBMNFOUFCBTFEFQSPEVUPTSFTJEVBJTEFBOJNBJT OPFT
UFSJMJ[BEPT

"EVCBPDPNNBUFSJBMDPOUBNJOBEP
d) Factores determinantes para o aparecimento de doenas
&YUSFNPTOBBMJNFOUBP JTUPUBYBTFYDFTTJWBNFOUFBMUBTPVCBJYBT BTTPDJBEBTGSBDBUSPDBEFHVB
TPDPOTJEFSBEPTPTGBDUPSFTNBJTDPNVOTRVFEFUFSNJOBNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOBTFNVOJEBEFT
EFDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT&TUBTDPOEJFTSFTVMUBNOPBDNVMPEFSFTEVPTPSHOJDPTRVFTPTVCTUSBUPF
BMJNFOUPFYDFMFOUFQBSBCBDUSJBTFQBSBTJUBT SFTVMUBOEPOVNBVNFOUPEBQSPCBCJMJEBEFEFTVSHJNFOUP
de doenas.
IV. MECANISMOS DE DEFESA

0T QFJYFT FN DVMUJWP FTUP FYQPTUPT T WSJBT DPOEJFT BEWFSTBT DPNP BT SFQFOUJOBT BMUFSBFT
BNCJFOUBJT F EF RVBMJEBEF EF HVB QSFTFOB EF PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHOJDPT FUD .BT DPNP QFJYFT
EJTQFNEFEJWFSTPTNFDBOJTNPTEFSFTQPTUBFTTBTDPOEJFTBEWFSTBT FTUFTNVJUBTWF[FTSFTJTUFN
EFWJEPBPTTFVNFDBOJTNPTEFEFGFTB
B
.FDBOJTNPTOPFTQFDDPTTPOBUPTEPBOJNBMFDBSBDUFSTUJDPTEBFTQDJFSFTVMUBEP EF
IFSBOBHFOUJDB
O muco:BTVCTUODJBQSFTFOUFFNUPEBBTVQFSGDJFFYUFSJPSEPQFJYFRVFUFNDPNPGVOFTGBDJMJUBS
BOBUBPQPSSFEVPEPBUSJUPDPNBHVBFHBSBOUJSBPTNPSSFHVMBP0NVDPGVODJPOBUBNCN
DPNP VNB JNQPSUBOUF CBSSFJSB DPOUSB PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHOJDPT QPSRVF OFMF FODPOUSBNTF UBNCN
TVCTUODJBT CBDUFSJDJEBT F GVOHJDJEBT BOUJDPSQPT F FO[JNBT RVF EFTUSPFN BT DMVMBT EPT PSHBOJTNPT
JOWBTPSFT"QSPEVPEPNVDPVNNFDBOJTNPIPSNPOBMFNFMIPSBEBDPNVNBEJFUBBEFRVBEB
BQMJDBPEFVNBTBMJOJEBEFEBHVBPVQ)BEFRVBEPTFTQDJFFNDVMUJWP
"BQMJDBPDPOUOVBEFQSPEVUPTPYJEBUJWPTDPNPPDMPSP HVBPYJHFOBEBPVQFSNBOHBOBUPEFQPUTTJP
EFTUSPFNPNVDP FYQPOEPPTBOJNBJTBPBUBRVFQBSBTJUSJPFQBUPHOJDP
As escamas:BTFTDBNBTFBQFMFTPBQSPUFDPNFDOJDBEPTQFJYFTFBKVEBNOBSFHVMBPPTNUJDB
0TQFJYFTRVFOPBQSFTFOUBNFTDBNBTFTUPNBJTTVKFJUPTTMFTFTFQPSJTTPEFTFOWPMWFSBNICJUPT
EFWJEBRVFPTQSPUFHFN DPNPBDBNVBHFNOPMPEP
0TQBSBTJUBTRVFTFYBNOBTFTDBNBTGBWPSFDFNTVBQFSEBFTVCTFRVFOUFJOTUBMBPEFCBDUSJBTF
48
GVOHPTQBUPHOJDPT0TDVJEBEPTOPNBOVTFBNFOUPEFWFN TFNFMIBOBEPNVDP TFSUPNBEPTQBSB

evitar a perda de escamas.
0TJTUFNBJNVOPMHJDPPTJTUFNBJNVOPMHJDPEPTQFJYFTFQBSUFEFDMVMBTTBOHVOFBT UBMDPNPEF
PVUSPTBOJNBJT QPTTVFNEJWFSTBTFO[JNBTRVFEFTUSPFNBTCBDUSJBTFPTWSVT
"GBHPDJUPTFPQSJODJQBMNFDBOJTNPEFEFGFTBDFMVMBS EVSBOUFBRVBMTVCTUODJBTFDMVMBTFTUSBOIBT
CFN DPNP QBSUF EF UFDJEPT EFHFOFSBEPT TP EFTUSVEBT F SFBCTPSWJEBT 0T MFVDDJUPT PV HMCVMPT
CSBODPTEPTPBTDMVMBTEPTBOHVFSFTQPOTWFJTQPSFTUBGVOP
1BSBBVYJMJBSFTUBQSPUFDP PTUSPNCDJUPTBDUVBNOBDPBHVMBPEPTBOHVF FWJUBOEPIFNPSSBHJBTFPT
FSJUSDJUPTPVHMCVMPTWFSNFMIPTUSBOTQPSUBNPPYJHOJPEBTCSORVJBTQBSBPTUFDJEPT
Reconstituio de tecidosPTQFJYFTUNHSBOEFDBQBDJEBEFEFSFHFOFSBSUFDJEPTEBOJDBEPTFQBSB
UBMDPOUBNDPNPQSPDFTTPEFJOBNBPQBSBPDPNCBUFEFBHFOUFTJOWBTPSFT%VSBOUFPBUBRVFEF
PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHOJDPT PT QFJYFT SFBHFN DPN JOBNBFT EPT UFDJEPT BGFDUBEPT 0 QSPDFTTP EF
JOBNBPDPOTUJUVEPQPSBVNFOUPEPNFUBCPMJTNPQSPUJDPMPDBM BVNFOUPEBTOUFTFEFMFVDDJUPT
FBDUJWBPEPTJTUFNBGBHPDJUSJP EFTUSVJOEPPBHFOUFQBUPHOJDP
Reaco de emergncia:QFJYFTTVCNFUJEPTDPOEJFTBNCJFOUBJTRVFTVQFSFNBTTVBTDBQBDJEBEFT
BEBQUBUJWBTOPSNBJT TPGSFNBMUFSBFTIPSNPOBJT NFUBCMJDBT TJPMHJDBTFGTJDBT EJNJOVJOEPBTVB
TPCSFWJWODJB&NSFTQPTUB PTQFJYFTSFBHFNBVNFOUBOEPBWBTPDPOTUSJP BQSFTTPTBOHVOFBFB
JSSJHBPOBSFHJPEBTCSORVJBT BUSBWTEBBESFOBMJOB
%FDPSSFPBVNFOUPEBGSFRVODJBSFTQJSBUSJBFEBRVBOUJEBEFEFHMJDPTFOPTBOHVF DPNPSFGPSPEF
PYJHOJPFFOFSHJBQBSBBTSFBDFTEFFNFSHODJB
C
3FBDFTFTQFDDBTTPBTBMUFSBFTJNVOPMHJDBTBERVJSJEBT
Imunidade humoral: B QSPEVP EF BOUJDPSQPT FTQFDDPT BT JNVOVHMPCVMJOBT
BQFOBT BQT B
EFUFDPEBQSFTFOBEFPSHBOJTNPTPVTVCTUODJBTFTUSBOIBT
Imunidade celular:BMHVNBTEBTDMVMBTRVFBDUVBNEVSBOUFBJNVOJEBEFIVNPSBM BERVJSFNiNFNSJB
JNVOPMHJDBuFFTUPQSPOUBTQBSBDPNCBUFSPNFTNPBHFOUFQBUPHOJDPFNTJUVBFTGVUVSBT&TUFUJQP
EFJNVOJEBEFDPNVNFNVJUPJNQPSUBOUFEVSBOUFBTJOGFDFTDSOJDBT EBOEPBPQPSUVOJEBEFEP
PSHBOJTNPEPQFJYFSFBHJSEFJNFEJBUPBPTJOWBTPSFT
V. PRINCIPAIS SINAIS QUE AUXILIAM NA DETECO DE DOENAS E

DEFICINCIAS NUTRICIONAIS
"TEFDJODJBTOVUSJDJPOBJT DPNPGPJSFGFSJEPBOUFSJPSNFOUF GBWPSFDFNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOBT0T
TFVTTJOUPNBTDPOGVOEFNTF NBTTPVNBMFSUBQBSBPQSPEVUPS0TQSJODJQBJTTJOUPNBTRVFBVYJMJBNOB
EFUFDPEFEFDJODJBTOVUSJDJPOBJTFEPFOBTOPTQFJYFTTP
5.1.Sinais comportamentais:
m "OPSFYJBPVIJQPSFYJBmQFSEBUPUBMPVQBSDJBMEFBQFUJUF
m "TYJBmQFJYFTOBTVQFSGDJFEBHVB FNNPWJNFOUPTEFBCSJSFGFDIBSBCPDB
Prurido
m QFJYFTSPBOEPBTQBSFEFTPVFNBMHVNBPVUSBTVQFSGDJF
49
m -FUBSHJBmQFJYFTQBSBEPTPVDPNSFEVPEFSFFYPTPVBJOEB
m 1FJYFTFYDFTTJWBNFOUFBHJUBEPT
m /BUBPFNDSDVMPTPVDPNPDPSQPFNQPTJPMBUFSBM
m %JTUSJCVJPBOPSNBMEPTQFJYFTOPUBORVF
5.2.Sinais clnicos externos:
m $PMPSBPBOPSNBM FTDVSFDJNFOUPPVQBMJEF[

m %FGPSNBFTDPSQPSBJT
m &SPTPPVQPESJEPEBTCBSCBUBOBT
m )FNPSSBHJBTOPTPMIPT DPSQP CBSCBUBOBTPVCPDB
m -FTFTDPSQPSBJT
m .BODIBTEFTQJHNFOUBEBTOPDPSQP
m %FGPSNBFTEPBCENFO JODIBPPVBMPOHBNFOUP

m 4BMJODJBFPQBDJEBEFEPTPMIPT
m &YDFTTPEFQSPEVPEFNVDP
m 1BMJEF[ OFDSPTFPVEFGPSNJEBEFEBTCSORVJBT
5.3.Sinais clnicos internos:

m )FNPSSBHJB MFTFTPVDPMPSBPBOPSNBMOPTSHPTJOUFSOPT
m 'MVEPPQBDPOBDBWJEBEFBCEPNJOBM
m 'MVEPBNBSFMBEPPVTBOHVJOPMFOUPOPJOUFTUJOP
m "VNFOUPEPUBNBOIP IJQFSQMBTUJB
EPTSHPTJOUFSOPT
VI. MEDIDAS A SEREM TOMADAS EM CASOS DE DOENAS NO TANQUE
4FNQSF RVF VN QJTDJDVMUPS EFUFDUBS B QSFTFOB EF QFJYFT DPN DPNQPSUBNFOUP GPSB EP OPSNBM PV
BOPNBMJBTGTJDBTFYUFSOBTPVJOUFSOBTOPTQFJYFT EFWF
r 1SPDVSBSBQPJPEFVNQSPTTJPOBMDBQBDJUBEPQBSBEBSBTPSJFOUBFTOFDFTTSJBT
r 3FDPMIFSVNBBNPTUSBFFODBNJOIBSQBSBPMBCPSBUSJPNBJTQSYJNPQBSBFGFJUPTEFBOMJTF
r &OUFSSBSPTQFJYFT DPMPDBOEPTFVNBDBNBEBEFDBMWJWBQPSDJNB FNDBTPEFNPSUBMJEBEF
FYDFTTJWB
0QJTDJDVMUPSOPEFWF
r "ENJOJTUSBSRVBMRVFSNFEJDBNFOUP BOUFTEFDPOTVMUBSVNUDOJDPIBCJMJUBEPQBSBPFGFJUP
r 6TBSPTBQFUSFDIPTPVUSPTUBORVFTTBVEWFJTNBTFNTBSPTBQFUSFDIPTEFQFTDB SFEFT UBSSBGBTF
PVUSPT
EPTUBORVFTDPNQSPCMFNBTFNPVUSPTUBORVFTTBVEWFJT
50
VII. PREVENO DE DOENAS

&NBNCJFOUFOBUVSBM BTQPTTJCJMJEBEFTEPTQFJYFTDBSFNEPFOUFTTPNVJUPQFRVFOBT&NDBUJWFJSP
FTTBDPOEJPQPEFQSFWBMFDFSEFTEFRVFNFEJEBTEFQSFWFOPTFKBNUPNBEBT
1SFWFOJOEP QPEFNPT FWJUBS P BQBSFDJNFOUP EF GBDUPSFT RVF QPEFSJBN QSPWPDBS P TVSHJNFOUP EF
EPFOBTOPTQFJYFTPVBTVBDPOUBNJOBPQPSQBSBTJUBT"NFEJEBDIBWFQBSBBQSFWFOPEBTEPFOBT
BTTFHVSBSBRVBMJEBEFEFHVB OVUSJPFRVJMJCSBEBFNBOFJPBEFRVBEPOPTUBORVFT$POUVEP DVJEBEPT
BEJDJPOBJTEFWFNTFSUPNBEPT
Cuidados na construo dos tanques
r 0UBORVFEFWFTFSDPOTUSVEPFNMPDBMTFNSJTDPEFDPOUBNJOBPQPSBHSPUYJDPT JTUP
MPDBMPOEFOPIBKBSJTDPEBHVBQSPWFOJFOUFEBBHSJDVMUVSB FTQFDJBMNFOUFTFFTUBGPS
CBTFEFBHSPUYJDPT
QBTTBSQBSBPUBORVFQJTDDPMB
r /VODBDPOTUSVJSUBORVFTJOUFSMJHBEPT QBSBFWJUBSBEJTTFNJOBPEFEPFOBTEFVNUBORVF
para o outro.
r %FTJOGFDPEPTUBORVFTBOUFTEPQPWPBNFOUP
r $PMPDBPEFMUSPTQBSBFMJNJOBSPVFWJUBSBFOUSBEBEFPSHBOJTNPTJOEFTFKBEPT
Planeamento prvio das operaes de rotina:
r 4FMFDDJPOBSFTQDJFTEFQFJYFTRVFTFBEBQUFNCFNBPDMJNBEBSFHJP
r .BUFSJBMEFUSBOTQPSUFFSFDFQPEPTOPWPTQFJYFTEFWFFTUBSEFWJEBNFOUFMJNQPF TF
QPTTWFM EFTJOGFDUBEP
r $FSUJDBSTFEFRVFOPWPTQPWPBNFOUPTTPGFJUPTDPNQFJYFTTBVEWFJTFMJWSFTEFPSHBOJTNPT
QBUPHOJDPT
r $PMPDBSPTOPWPTPSHBOJTNPTFNRVBSFOUFOB
Gesto adequada das unidades de cultivo
r "TTFHVSBSBOVUSJPCBMBODFBEBFEPTFBEBDPOGPSNFPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWPFJEBEFEPTQFJYFT
r "TTFHVSBSRVBMJEBEFEFHVBFNBOFJPBEFRVBEPT
r %FMJDBEF[BEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFFBQFTDBQBSDJBM
7.4. Higiene, limpeza e monitoria dos tanques
r &WJUBSPVTPEFSBFTFNCPMPSBEBTPVGFSNFOUBEBT
r 3FNPWFSPTQFJYFTNPSUPTr&WJUBSPVTPFYDFTTJWPEFRVNJDPTPVNFEJDBNFOUPT
r %FQPJTEFQPWPBEPPUBORVFEFWFTFNPOJUPSBSQFSJPEJDBNFOUFPTQBSNFUSPTGTJDPTRVNJDPT
EBHVB
r /VODBVTBSPTUBORVFTDPNPiQJTDJOBTuQBSBPMB[FSIVNBOP
7.5. Observar os sinais de alerta
r $PNQPSUBNFOUPBOPSNBMEPTQFJYFT
r "MUFSBFTGTJDBTFYUFSJPSFT
51
VIII. PARASITAS DOS PEIXES

0T QBSBTJUBT FTUP QSFTFOUFT FN UPEPT PT BNCJFOUFT NBT FN DBUJWFJSP TP NBJT BCVOEBOUFT F
OPSNBMNFOUF TP NBJT BDUJWPT EFWJEP GSBHJMJEBEF SFTVMUBOUF EF VN NBJPS TUSFTT BQSFTFOUBEP QFMPT
QFJYFTOFTTFTBNCJFOUFT0TQBSBTJUBTNBJTDPNVOTTP
r "SHVMPTF "SHVMVTKBQPOJDVN
QJPMIPEFQFJYF
4PDPQQPEFTPWBJTBDIBUBEPTRVFNFEFNEFBNNFFYJTUFNDFSDBEFFTQDJFTFNUPEPP
NVOEP1BSFDFNTFSVNJNQPSUBOUFWFDUPSEFEPFOBTWJSBJTFCBDUFSJBOBTOBDBSQBDPNVN0QJPMIPEF
QFJYFYBTFOPDPSQPPVCBSCBUBOBTQPSWFOUPTBTFBMJNFOUBTFEFVJEPTDPSQPSBJTRVFTVHBBUSBWTEF
QSPCTDJEFT3BSBNFOUFQSPWPDBBNPSUFEPQFJYFNBT VNBJOGFTUBPTFWFSBDBVTBBOFNJB DPOEV[JOEP
QFSEFEFQFTP FSFEVPEPDSFTDJNFOUP
$PNPP"SHVMVTOPTFOTWFMFMFWBPEBTBMJOJEBEF PDPOUSPMPGFJUPBQFOBTDPNPVTPEFJOTFDUJDJEBT
UBMDPNPPEJNFUJM EJCSPNP EJDMPSPFUJMGPTGBUPOBDPODFOUSBP B NH-
r $PTUBTF $PTUJBOFDBUSJY

%PFOB EF WV BUBDB OB NBJPSJB EBT WF[FT BMFWJOPT DPN DSFTDJNFOUP SFUBSEBEP 0T TJOUPNBT TP P
TVSHJNFOUPEFVNBDPCFSUVSBUJQPWVOBTCBSCBUBOBT QFMFFCSORVJBT CFNDPNPNVDPOBTHVFMSBT
6NB TPMVP EF EF /B$M TBM EF DP[JOIB
EVSBOUF B NJOVUPT PV GPSNPM FN NM
EF GPSNPM B QPS NM EF HVB
EVSBOUF NJOVUPT TVDJFOUF QBSB BUFOVBS PT FGFJUPT EFTUB
DPOUBNJOBP
r (JSPEBDUJMPTF (ZSPEBDUZVTTQ

0(ZSPEBDUZVTTQVNUSFNUPEP WFSNF
DPNHBODIPTYBEPSFT DBQB[EFDPNQMFUBSPTFVDJDMPEF
vida num nico hospedeiro.
&NCPSBQPTTBTFSFODPOUSBEPOBTCSORVJBT P(ZSPEBDUZVTTQYBTFOPSNBMNFOUFOBQFMFFCBSCBUBOBT
EPT QFJYFT 0T QFJYFT DPOUBNJOBEPT DBN DPN B DPS QMJEB DPSQP DPCFSUP QPS NVDP F CBSCBUBOBT
RVFCSBEJBT"NPSUBOEBEFFOUSFBMFWJOPTFKVWFOJTQPEFTFSBMUB
0DPOUSPMPHFSBMNFOUFGFJUPDPNSFDVSTPCBOIPTEFGPSNBMJOBEFBNMNQPSVNBIPSB
PVNMNQPSUFNQPJOEFOJEP"NCPTUSBUBNFOUPTEFWFNTFSFGFDUVBEPTFNUBORVFTEFNBUFSJBM
JNQFSNFWFMDPNPCSBEFWJESP QMTUJDPPVDJNFOUP
r *DUJPGUJSBTF (Ichthyophthirius multifilis)
VNBQBSBTJUPTFQSPUP[PSJBEFEJGDJMDPOUSPMP DBQB[EFJOGFTUBSEJWFSTBTFTQDJFTEFQFJYFT0TQFJYFT
NBJTKPWFOTTPNBJTTVTDFQUWFJTDPOUBNJOBPEPRVFPTBEVMUPT
0iDUJPu DPNPUBNCNDPOIFDJEBFTUBEPFOB DBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSBQBSFDJNFOUPEFQPOUPTCSBODPT
BPMPOHPEFUPEPPDPSQP FTQFDJBMNFOUFOBTCBSCBUBOBT WJTWFJTBPMIPOV"QSFTFOBEPQSPUP[PSJP
DJMJBEP SFTVMUB FN JSSJUBP F P QFJYF SFBHF DPN NPWJNFOUPT RVF P QFSNJUBN SBTQBS B QFMF B BMHVN
TVCTUSBUP 1PS PVUSP MBEP PDPSSF UBNCN FYDFTTJWB QSPEVP EF NVDP F QSVSJEP EFWJEP B JSSJUBP
DBVTBEBQFMBQSFTFOBEPNFTNPQSPUP[PSJP
" BMUB UFNQFSBUVSB OP GBWPSFDF P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EB iDUJPu BTTJN B QPDB NBJT RVFOUF EP BOP
RVBOEPPTQFJYFTFTUPNBJTMJWSFTEFTTBJOGFTUBP0USBUBNFOUPGFJUPEFEJWFSTBTNBOFJSBT FOUSFFMBT
r 7FSEFEFNBMBRVJUBB NH-EVSBOUFIPSBT FNBBQMJDBFT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBT
entre as mesmas.
52
r 'PSNBMJOBFOUSFFNMN FNBBQMJDBFT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBTFOUSFBTNFTNBT

QPSUFNQPJOEFOJEP
r

$PNCJOBPEFNMNEFGPSNBMJOBDPN HNEFWFSEFNBMBRVJUB&TUFUSBUBNFOUP
NBJTFDB[RVFPTSFTUBOUFT DPOUVEP PVTPEFWFSEFNBMBRVJUBOPQFSNJUJEPFNQFJYFTRVF
TPEFTUJOBEPTBPDPOTVNPIVNBOP0VUSBTNFEJEBTQPEFNTFSUPNBEBTQBSBBUFOVBSPT
FGFJUPTEPiDUJPu
r 5SPDBTUPUBJTEFHVBNBJTGSFRVFOUFT
r "VNFOUPEPVYPEFHVB
r &MFWBPEBUFNQFSBUVSBEBHVBBUDFSDBEF$0TQFJYFTRVFTFSFDVQFSBNEFVNB
JDUJPGUJSBTFHBOIBNSFTJTUODJBOPWBTDPOUBNJOBFT
r 4BQSPMFHOJPTF(Saprolegnia sp.)
4BQSPMFHOJPTF VNB EBT JOGFDFT GOHJDBT NBJT GSFRVFOUFT RVF BGFDUB QFJYFT EF UPEBT JEBEFT FN
EJWFSTPT MVHBSFT EP NVOEP F BMJNFOUBNTF EF NBUSJB PSHOJDB FN EFDPNQPTJP 0 FYDFTTP EF
NBUSJB PSHOJDB OBT VOJEBEFT EF DVMUJWP BMJBEBT N OVUSJP F MFTFT GTJDBT QPEF EFTFODBEFBS P
EFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFTUFTGVOHPTFJOGFDFT&NQFSPEPTEFCBJYBTUFNQFSBUVSBT QBSBQFJYFTUSPQJDBJT
PVBQTBQFTDBPVUSBOTQPSUF BJNVOJEBEFFTU HFSBMNFOUF NBJTCBJYB GBWPSFDFOEPBDPOUBNJOBP
QPSFTUFUJQPEFGVOHPT
&TUFT GVOHPT JOTUBMBNTF FN MFTFT FYUFSOBT DBVTBEBT QPS BHSFTTFT CBDUSJBT PV PVUSPT QBSBTJUBT
0 TFV DSFTDJNFOUP NBJT BDFMFSBEP FN UFNQFSBUVSBT FOUSF F $ DPN UFOEODJB B SFEV[JS FN
temperaturas mais elevadas.
0T TJOBJT EF JOGFTUBP TP P BQBSFDJNFOUP EF VNB NBTTB NJDFMJBM MBNFOUPTB
FTCSBORVJBEB PV
BDJO[FOUBEBDPCSJOEPQBSDJBMNFOUFPDPSQPEPQFJYF
%VSBOUFBJODVCBPEPTPWPT BJOGFDPPDPSSFBQFOBTFNPWPTNPSUPTPTRVBJTTPTVCTUSBUPTSJDPT
para o seu crescimento.
"QSJNFJSBNFEJEBEFDPOUSPMPBDPSSFDPEBTDBVTBTRVFQSFEJTQFNGFJUPDPNFNFSTPFNTPMVB
EFB[VMEFNFUJMFOPPVWFSEFEFNBMBRVJUBB NHMJUSPEVSBOUFIPSBT
IX. TIPOS DE TRATAMENTO

"TTJN QBSB VN DPOUSPMP BEFRVBEP EB TBOJEBEF FN QJTDJDVMUVSB B 13&7&/0 B NFMIPS BSNB /P
FOUBOUP RVBOEPBEPFOBKFTUJOTUBMBEBEFWFSPTFSQSFDFEJEPTPTUSBUBNFOUPT
"TGPSNBTEFUSBUBNFOUPNBJTFNQSFHBEBTTP
r 5QJDPBQMJDBPEPNFEJDBNFOUPEJSFDUBNFOUFOPTMPDBJTEFJOGFDP EFWFOEPTFFWJUBS
VNDPOUBDUPEJSFDUPEPTQSPEVUPTDPNBTCSORVJBT
r *OKFDPQSJODJQBMNFOUFEFBOUJCJUJDPTFNQFJYFTEFHSBOEFWBMPS DPNPSFQSPEVUPSFT
QFJYFTPSOBNFOUBJT FUD
r 3BPNFEJDBEBGB[TFBJNQSFHOBPEPNFEJDBNFOUPOBSBP HFSBMNFOUFDPNBOUJCJUJDPT

r #BOIPTSQJEPTDPOTJTUFOBFYQPTJPEPTQFJYFTBVNBFMFWBEBDPODFOUSBPEP
NFEJDBNFOUPQPSNEFDVSUBEVSBP TFHVOEPTBNJOVUPT

r #BOIPTQSPMPOHBEPTPVGMVYPDPOUOVPPTQFJYFTTPTVCNFUJEPTBVNBCBJYB
53

DPODFOUSBPEPNFEJDBNFOUPQPSQFSPEPTNBJTMPOHPT NJOVUPTBIPSBT
1BSBPT
CBOIPTQSPMUJDPTEFBMFWJOPT TPOFDFTTSJPTUBORVFTFTQFDDPT TFOEPOPSNBMNFOUF
VUJMJ[BEPTEFQTJUPTEFHVBEFMJUSPTPVMJUSPT
r 5SBUBNFOUPQPSUFNQPJOEFOJEPPTQFJYFTDBNFYQPTUPTBVNBCBJYBDPODFOUSBP
UFSBQVUJDBQPSUFNQPJOEFUFSNJOBEP&TUBGPSNBEFUSBUBNFOUPCBTUBOUFFNQSFHBEBFN
UBORVFTJNQFSNFWFJTFEFUFSSBEFHSBOEFTEJNFOTFT
0CTFSWBFT
-BSWBTFBMFWJOPTTPNBJTTFOTWFJTBQSPEVUPTRVNJDPTRVFQFJYFTBEVMUPT
2VBOUPNBJPSBUFNQFSBUVSBEBHVB NBJPSBUPYJDJEBEFEFVNDFSUPQSPEVUPBPTQFJYFT
2VBOUPNFMIPSFTGPSFNBTDPOEJFTEBRVBMJEBEFEFHVB PYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP Q) HT
DBSCOJDPFCBJYBTDPODFOUSBFTEFNFUBCMJDPTDPNPBBNOJBFOJUSJUP
NBJTGBDJMNFOUF
VNUSBUBNFOUPDPNQSPEVUPTRVNJDPTTFSUPMFSBEPQFMPTQFJYFT
54
1-"/05&.5*$0 NJO
I. INTRODUO
II. PESCA TOTAL
%FQVSBPEPTQFJYFT
$VJEBEPTDPNPEFTQFKPEBHVB
(BJPMBTVUVBOUFT
III. PESCA PARCIAL
IV. TAMANHO DO PEIXE CAPTURADO
V. TRANSPORTE DO PEIXE
VI. PROCESSAMENTO
Mdulo 7
CAPTURA E PROCESSAMENTO
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
CAPTURA, TRANSPORTE E PROCESSAMENTO
55
56
I. INTRODUO
"IJTUSJBEBBRVBDVMUVSBJOJDJPVDPNBOFDFTTJEBEFEFTFDPOTVNJSQFJYFGSFTDPFNSFHJFTEFTGBWPSFDJEBT
QPSFTUFSFDVSTP%BNFTNBNBOFJSBRVFTFDSJBNGSBOHPTFTFFTDPMIFNBMHVOTQBSBPBCBUF QBSBP
DPOTVNP GBNJMJBS P QFJYF DSJBEP TPGSJB P NFTNP USBUBNFOUP $PN P QBTTBS EP UFNQP B OFDFTTJEBEF
EF BVNFOUP EF SFOEB MFWPV DPNFSDJBMJ[BP EPT QFJYFT QSPEV[JEPT /FTTF QSPDFTTP B DBQUVSB
SFQSFTFOUBWBPNPNFOUPNVJUPFTQFSBEPQFMPQSPEVUPSFQFMBDPNVOJEBEF POEFPTQFJYFTEFNBJPS
UBNBOIPFNFMIPSBQBSODJBFSBNEJTQVUBEPT.VJUPTEFTTFTQFJYFTFSBNDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPTWJWPTFBTVB
TPCSFWJWODJBEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFHBSBOUJBBPDPNFSDJBOUFPSFUPSOPEPTDPNQSBEPSFTOBQSPEVP
TFHVJOUF
'PJPCTFSWBEPRVFPNBOVTFBNFOUPEPTQFJYFTEVSBOUFBDBQUVSBFSBUPJNQPSUBOUFRVBOUPEVSBOUFP
DVMUJWPQPJT TFSFBMJ[BEPEFGPSNBJODPSSFDUB DBVTBWBTUSFTTFDPNQSPNFUJBBRVBMJEBEFEPQFJYF/FTUF
DPOUFYUP PKFKVNBOUFTEBQFTDBSFWFMPVTFNVJUPJNQPSUBOUF VNBWF[RVFSFEV[JBPTEJTUSCJPTRVF
BBDUJWJEBEFQVEFTTFDBVTBSBPTQFJYFT'PJBTTJNRVFPTQSPEVUPSFTEFQFJYFDPNFBSBNBEBSNBJT
importncia esta etapa da piscicultura.
"DBQUVSBPVQFTDBEPTQFJYFTWBSJBNVJUPDPNPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWPFUJQPEFVOJEBEFEFDVMUJWP
3FDPMIFOEPPTQFJYFTOPUBORVFWB[JPmQFTDBUPUBM
57
II. PESCA TOTAL

&NRVBMRVFSQSPDFTTPEFDSJBPOFDFTTSJPEBSTFVNUFNQPQBSBQFSNJUJSPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPT
PSHBOJTNPT/BQJTDJDVMUVSB EVSBOUFPTQSJNFJSPTDJODPNFTFTOPSFDPNFOEWFMRVFTFGBBRVBMRVFS
UJQPEFQFTDB KRVFEVSBOUFFTTFQFSPEPBNBJPSQBSUFEBTFTQDJFTEFQFJYFTFODPOUSBNTFFNGBTF
de crescimento acelerado.
" QFTDB UPUBM P QSPDFTTP EF DBQUVSB EF UPEPT PT QFJYFT FYJTUFOUFT OB VOJEBEF EF DVMUJWP
JOEFQFOEFOUFNFOUF EP TFV UBNBOIP PV FTUHJP TJPMHJDP " SFTQFDUJWB VOJEBEF EF QSPEVP EF
TFHVJEBMJNQB TFDBFQSFQBSBEBQBSBOPWPDJDMPEFQSPEVP
0QSPEVUPSEFWFSGB[FSVNQMBOFBNFOUPEFUVEPPQSFDJTBSQBSBRVFOPGBMUFNBUFSJBMOPNFNFOUP
EBDBQUVSB EFTEFPQFTTPBMBUPNBUFSJBMOFDFTTSJP%FWFSUFSFNDPOUBBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFNBUFSJBJT
DPNPSFEFT DPOUFOUPSFT CBMEFT TBDPT DPSEBT CPUJKBTEFPYJHOJP HFMP FUD
$BQUVSBEFWFSEFDPSSFSEFNBOIDFEP RVBOEPPEJBBJOEBFTUGSFTDP
&YJTUFNWSJPTNUPEPTEFDBQUVSBOBQFTDBUPUBMNBT PTNBJTDPOIFDJEPTTP
a) Drenagem dos tanques
&NUBORVFTEFHSBOEFTEJNFOTFT POEFEJGDJMGB[FSPBSSBTUPEFSFEFQBSBDBQUVSB SFDPNFOEBTF
RVFEVSBOUFBDPOTUSVPEPTNFTNPT QSFQBSFTFVNBDBJYBFNCFUPEFEJNFOTFTNFOPSFT
BEKBDFOUFBPUBORVF OBQBSUFNBJTQSPGVOEBEPNFTNP QBSBPOEFTPFODBNJOIBEPTPTQFJYFT
EVSBOUF P QSPDFTTP EF FTWB[JBNFOUP 1PTUFSJPSNFOUF FTTFT QFJYFT TP SFDPMIJEPT FN DBJYBT PV
cestos.
b)
Redes de arrasto
&NUBORVFTQFRVFOPT EFGPSNBUPSFHVMBSFGVOEPQMBOPGDJMBVUJMJ[BPEFTUFNUPEP0OWFMEF
HVBSFEV[JEPFFTUJDBTFQFSQFOEJDVMBSNFOUFVNBSFEFOVNBEBTFYUSFNJEBEFTEPUBORVF BRVBM
BSSBTUBEBQBSBBDBQUVSB3FDPNFOEBTFRVFPGVOEPEPTUBORVFTOPUFOIBPCTUDVMPTFTFKBSFHVMBS
(plano).
&ORVBOUPTFGB[PBSSBTUP PTQFJYFTQPEFNTFSSFDPMIJEPTFNDFTUPTPVCBMEFT QBSBOPTPCSFDBSSFHBS
BSFEFOPNEPNFTNP
"OUFT EF JOJDJBS B DBQUVSB JNQPSUBOUF RVF TF GBB B WFSJDBP PV NBOVUFOP SFMBUJWB QPTTWFM
FYJTUODJBEFWB[BNFOUPTOPUBORVF EJRVFT GVOEP UVCBHFOT FUD
BTTFHVSBSRVFBTFOUSBEBTFTBEBT
EFHVBOPUBORVFFTUPEFWJEBNFOUFQSPUFHJEBTQBSBJNQFEJSBGVHBEFQFJYFT SFUJSBSBTFSWBTEBOJOIBT
FNFYDFTTPOBTVQFSGDJFEPUBORVFFDPSUBSPDBQJNCFJSBEPUBORVF
0DPOUSPMPEFQSFEBEPSFTDPNPBWFTBRVUJDBT TBQPT DPCSBT MPOUSBTFPVUSPTBOJNBJT EFWFTFSNVJUP
CFNSFBMJ[BEPEFNPEPRVFFTUFTOPQFSUVSCFNBBDUJWJEBEF
3.1. Depurao dos peixes

0QFJYFDBQUVSBEPQPEFSTFSDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPWJWPPVBCBUJEP&NBNCPTPTDBTPT SFDPNFOEBTFRVFPT
QFJYFTQBTTFNQPSVNQFSPEPQSWJPEFDFSDBEFIPSBTEFKFKVN
0T QFJYFT PNOWPSPT DPNP BT UJMQJBT DPOTPNFN EJWFSTPT BMJNFOUPT DPN BMHBT MPEP EFUSJUPT F
BU NJDSCJPT RVF MIFT DPOGFSFN VN DIFJSP DBSBDUFSTUJDP EFTBHSBEWFM QBSB B HSBOEF QBSUF EPT
DPOTVNJEPSFT/FTUFDBTP IOFDFTTJEBEFEFSFEV[JSPVFMJNJOBSPDIFJSPBMPEPQBSBRVFPQFJYFUFOIB
NBJPSBDFJUBPKVOUPBPTDPOTVNJEPSFT
58
0 QSPDFTTP EF EFQVSBP EPT QFJYFT TJNQMFT PT QFJYFT EFWFN TFS FODBNJOIBEPT QBSB VN UBORVF
QSFGFSFODJBMNFOUFEFNBUFSJBMJNQFSNFWFMDPNPQMTUJDPPVDJNFOUP DPNHVBMJNQBFFNDJSDVMBP
%VSBOUFQFMPNFOPTIPSBTFTTFTQFJYFTEFWFSPTFSNBOUJEPTOFTTFBNCJFOUF TFNBMJNFOUBPQBSB
RVFRVFNDPNPTJOUFTUJOPTMJNQPTFSFEV[BNPDIFJSPDBSBDUFSTUJDPEPTTFVTNTDVMPT
'JOEPFTUFQFSPEP PTQFJYFTQPEFNTFSDBQUVSBEPT QSPDFTTBEPTFPVDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPT
3.2. Cuidados com o despejo da gua

"HVBRVFTBJEPTUBORVFTOBQFTDBUPUBMOP OFDFTTBSJBNFOUF EFWFSTFSFMJNJOBEB.VJUBTWF[FT FTTB
HVBBQSFTFOUBVNBRVBMJEBEFRVFRVNJDBFCJPMHJDBRVFQFSNJUFPTFVSFBQSPWFJUBNFOUP JTUP B
RVBOUJEBEFEFQMODUPO PQ) POJUSPHOJPUPUBM FUD TPJEFBJTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT
SFDPNFOEWFMRVF TFNQSFRVFQPTTWFM TFSFDVQFSFBHVBEBDBQUVSBUPUBMQBSBVNDJDMPEFQSPEVP
TFHVJOUF&TTBHVBEFWFSTFSFODBNJOIBEBQBSBVNSFTFSWBUSJPFEFQPJTSFVUJMJ[BEBOVNOPWPDJDMP
EFQSPEVP
2VBOEPBHVBOPBQSFTFOUBRVBMJEBEFTBQSPQSJBEBTQBSBPDVMUJWPEBFTQDJFFNDBVTB FMBQPEFSTFS
FMJNJOBEB$POUVEP EFWFSTFSUSBUBEBQBSBRVFOPDBVTFEBOPTBPTDPSQPTEFHVBQBSBPOEFTFSP
direccionadas.
0TMUSPTEFBSFJBFPTMUSPTCJPMHJDPT CBDUSJBTRVFBCTPSWFNPTDPOUBNJOBOUFT
TPPTNBJTVTBEPT
FNQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWB&TUFTMUSPTSFUNRVBTFQPSDPNQMFUPPTDPOUBNJOBOUFTFBHVBEFTQFKBEB
DPNVNCBJYPOWFMEFQPMVJP
1BSBPTQSBUJDBOUFTEBQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFHSBEBDPNBBHSJDVMUVSB EFTQFKPEBTHVBTEPTUBORVFTQJTDDPMB
OBTQMBOUBFTVNBNBJTWBMJBQFMPTGBDUPTEFBUFSSBTFSWJSEFVNMUSPOBUVSBMFPTOVUSJFOUFTEJMVEPT
OBHVBTFSFNGBDJMNFOUFBCTPSWJEPTQFMBTQMBOUBT BVNFOUBOEPBTTJNPTFVSFOEJNFOUP
3.3. Gaiolas flutuantes

/PDBTPEBTHBJPMBT OPSNBMNFOUFDPMPDBEBVNBCBSSBBUSBWFTTBOEPPUPQPEBNFTNB6NEPTMBEPT
EBHBJPMBQVYBEPFQSFTPCBSSB DPODFOUSBOEPPQFJYFOBQBSUFNBJTQFRVFOBEBSFEF0QSPDFTTP
DPOUJOVBBURVFUPEPPQFJYFRVFDPODFOUSBEPOVNDBOUPEBSFEFPOEFFMFTQPEFNTFSSFUJSBEPT
NPPVDPNBBKVEBEFQVT
III. PESCA PARCIAL

0DSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFTNFMIPSRVBOEPOBVOJEBEFEFDVMUJWPFYJTUFNFNUBNBOIPTTJNJMBSFT.VJUBT
WF[FT QBSBHBSBOUJSFTTBVOJGPSNJEBEF PQJTDJDVMUPSFGFDUVBQFSJPEJDBNFOUFBQFTDBQBSDJBM
/BQFTDBQBSDJBM TPDBQUVSBEPTQFJYFTEFNBJPSUBNBOIPPVGNFBTBEVMUBTQBSBTFEJNJOVJSBDBQBDJEBEF
EFSFQSPEVP FWJUBOEPBTTJNPTVSHJNFOUPEFQFJYFTEFJEBEFTFUBNBOIPTNVJUPEJGFSFOUFT/FTUF
DBTPTFSTVDJFOUFCBJYBSVNQPVDPPOWFMEFHVBOPUBORVFEFGPSNBBQFSNJUJSBFOUSBEBEBTQFTTPBT
RVFWPQSPDFEFSDBQUVSBEPQFJYF1BSBPFGFJUP EFWFTFDPMPDBSVNBSFEFOPUVCPEFFTDPBNFOUPEB
HVB EFGPSNBBFWJUBSBGVHBEPQFJYF4PVTBEBTSFEFTDPNNBMIBHFNHSBOEFQBSBHBSBOUJSPFGFJUP
TFMFDUJWP SFNPWFOEPBQFOBTPTRVFOPDPOTFHVJSFNBUSBWFTTBSBNBMIB
&N UBORVFT GBNJMJBSFT EF DPNVOJEBEFT RVF UN DFSUB EJDVMEBEF FN SFGSJHFSBS P QFJYF BT GBNMJBT
SFUJSBNEPUBORVFPTNBJPSFTQFJYFT EFGPSNBTFMFDUJWB TFNQSFRVFIPVWFSOFDFTTJEBEFEFDPOTVNP
&TUBQFTDBQBSDJBMQFSNJUFPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFTNBJTQFRVFOPT
59
IV. TAMANHO DO PEIXE CAPTURADO

2VBOEPPTQFJYFTKOPDSFTDFNNBJTQPSRVFBUJOHJSBNPTFVUBNBOIPNYJNP DPOWNDBQUVSMPT
QPJTPTHBTUPTDPNPNBOVTFJPFDPNBSBPKOPDPNQFOTBN1PSPVUSPMBEP PUBNBOIPEPQFJYF
DBQUVSBEPEFQFOEFEPNBRVFTFEFTUJOBBQSPEVPFEBQSFGFSODJBEPDPOTVNJEPS1PEFNTFS
BMFWJOPTQBSBQPWPBNFOUPTEFPVUSPTUBORVFTQFJYFTQBSBDPOTVNPGSFTDPQSPEVPEFDPOTFSWBTPVU
SPTOT
/PSNBMNFOUF RVBOEPPQFJYFBUJOHFBNBUVSJEBEFTFYVBM FMFQSBEFDSFTDFS"TTJN DPOIFDFOEPP
DJDMP SFQSPEVUJWP EF DBEB FTQDJF QPTTWFM EFUFSNJOBS DSPOPMPHJDBNFOUF B QPDB QBSB B QFTDB PV
DBQUVSBEPTQFJYFT
V. TRANSPORTE DE PEIXE VIVO

0 QFJYF B TFS USBOTQPSUBEP WJWP EFWF QBTTBS QPS VN QFSPEP QSWJP EF IPSBT FN KFKVN 1FSPEPT
NBJPSFTQPEFNMFWBSPTQFJYFTBQSPDVSBSBMJNFOUPOPGVOEPEPWJWFJSP PRVFGBSDPNRVFTFKBNFN
CBSDBEPTDPNDPOUFEPFTUPNBDBMJOUFTUJOBM SFTVMUBOEPFNHSBOEFNPSUBMJEBEF0VUSBDPOTFRVODJB
QPEFSTFSBPDPNQSPNFUJNFOUPEBRVBMJEBEFEBDBSOFEPQFJYF
0USBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFTWJWPTQPEFUFSOBMJEBEFTBMFWJOPTQBSBPQPWPBNFOUPEFOPWBTVOJEBEFTEF
QSPEVPSFQSPEVUPSFTQFJYFTQBSBDPNFSDJBMJ[BPFNGVOPEBFYJHODJBEPNFSDBEPFNQFJYFWJWP
0QSPDFTTPEFDBQUVSBEFWFTFSSQJEPEFNPEPBOPDPNQSPNFUFSBTPCSFWJWODJBEPTQFJYFTPNB
OFJPEPTUBORVFTDBVTBTUSFTTOPTBOJNBJT PTRVBJTDPOTPNFNNVJUPPYJHOJPFFMFWBPEBUFNQFSBU
VSB0TPMPEPGVOEPEPTUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTRVFBHJUBEPEVSBOUFBDBQUVSBQPEFMJCFSUBSHBTFTUYJDPT
FBVNFOUBSBUVSCJEF[EBHVB&TUBTDPOEJFTEJDVMUBNNVJUPPQSPDFTTPSFTQJSBUSJPEPTQFJYFT1PS
FTTBSB[P BSBQJEF[OFTUBBDUJWJEBEFQPEFSEFUFSNJOBSPTFVTVDFTTP1BSBUBM VNBFRVJQBUSFJOBEBF
NBUFSJBJTBEFRVBEPTTPGVOEBNFOUBJT
1PSPVUSPMBEP PTQFJYFTUSBOTQPSUBEPTEFWFNFTUBSMJWSFTEFRVBJTRVFSJOKSJBT"EFMJDBEF[BEVSBOUFP
NBOVTFBNFOUPJOEJTQFOTWFM
4F P PCKFDUJWP EB DBQUVSB EP QFJYF P TFV USBOTQPSUF EPT BOJNBJT WJWPT BT QSJNFJSBT QSPWJEODJBT B
TFSFNUPNBEBTTPPEJBFBIPSBEPDBSSFHBNFOUPFBHBSBOUJBEFVNUSBOTQPSUBEPSRVFSFOBUPEBTBT
DPOEJFTQBSBUBM&TUBTQSPWJEODJBTJSPEFUFSNJOBSPTEFNBJTFWFOUPT
0T BMFWJOPT QPEFN TFS USBOTQPSUBEPT FN TBDPT QMTUJDPT RVBOEP B RVBOUJEBEF B TFS USBOTQPSUBEB GPS
JOGFSJPSB DFNNJM
BMFWJOPTPV DBTPDPOUSSJP FNUBNCPSFUFTJTPUSNJDPT0TTBDPTQMTUJDPT
EFQSFGFSODJBDPNDBQBDJEBEFQBSBMJUSPT QPEFNDPOUFSBU EPJTNJMFRVJOIFOUPT
RVBOEP
FODIJEPTQFMBNFUBEFDPNHVBEFCPBRVBMJEBEFFBPVUSBNFUBEF PYJHOJPHBTPTP0TTBDPTEFWFN
TFSBDPNPEBEPTFNDBJYBTEFQBQFMPQBSBPUSBOTQPSUF
1PSPVUSPMBEP RVBOEPPTBMFWJOPTTPUSBOTQPSUBEPTFNUBNCPSFUFTJTPUSNJDPTFTUFTEFWFNDPOUFS
NFUBEFEBTVBDBQBDJEBEFEFHVBFSFDFCFSBFSBPBSUJDJBM1PSOPSFDFCFSFNPYJHOJPHBTPTP B
HVB EPT UBNCPSFUFT EFWF TFS DPOUSPMBEB DPN GSFRVODJB F USPDBEB TFNQSF RVF P OWFM EF PYJHOJP
CBJYBS
0TSFQSPEVUPSFTFPTQFJYFTQBSBPDPOTVNPTPHFSBMNFOUFUSBOTQPSUBEPTFNUBNCPSFUFTJTPUSNJDPT
DPNBFSBP EPNFTNPNPEPRVFPTBMFWJOPT EJNJOVJOEPTFBEFOTJEBEF
VI. PROCESSAMENTO
0QFJYFEFWFTFSDPOTVNJEP QSFGFSJWFMNFOUFGSFTDPNBT DPNPFTUFVNQSPEVUPRVFTFEFUFSJPSBDPN
60
NVJUBGBDJMJEBEFMPHPBQTTVBNPSUF7SJBTTPBTUDOJDBTEFQSFTFSWBPEFCBJYPDVTUPRVFQPEFN
ser aplicadas.
7SJPTFTUVEPTNPTUSBNRVFPQFJYFQFSNBOFDFNBJTUFNQPQSFTFSWBEPBQTBTVBNPSUFTFFTUBGPS
QPSDIPRVFUSNJDP"TTJN SFDPNFOEBTFRVFMPHPBQTBDBQUVSB PQFJYFTFKBDPMPDBEPBJOEBWJWPFN
SFDJQJFOUFDPNHFMPBURVFNPSSB
a) Congelamento do peixe inteiroPQFJYFDPOHFMBEPEFWFTFSQSJNFJSBNFOUFMBWBEPFFTWJT
DFSBEP"TFTDBNBTEFWFNTFSNBOUJEBTQBSBBQSFTFSWBPEPDPSQPEPQFJYF
C
Filetes congelados:PTMFUFTMJWSFTEFFTQJOIBTFYJHFNNBJPSFTDVJEBEPTOPTFVQSPDFTTBNFOUP
WJTUPRVFPNTDVMPDBEFTQJEPEFRVBMRVFSFTUSVUVSBEFQSPUFDP
c) SecagemPQFJYFFTWJTDFSBEPQPEFTFSTBMHBEPFTFDPBPTPMPVTFDPQPSEFGVNBPFQPTUFSJPS
mente comercializado.
d) EnlatadosPTQFJYFTFOMBUBEPTTPDPOTFSWBTNVJUPBQSFDJBEBTFNRVBTFUPEPPNVOEP QPSN
QBSBPQFRVFOPQSPEVUPSFTUFUJQPEFUSBOTGPSNBPNBJTDPNQMFYB
e) VscerasBTWTDFSBTEPTQFJYFTTBVEWFJTQPEFSPTFSBQSPWFJUBEBTQBSBBQSPEVPEFGBSJOIBRVF
QPEFSFOUSBSOBDPNQPTJPEFSBFTQBSBQFJYFT
f) PeleBQFMFEPQFJYF UBMDPNPEFPVUSPTBOJNBJT UFNTJEPBQSPWFJUBEBFNBMHVOTQBTFTQBSBB
QSPEVPEFBSUJHPTBSUFTBOBJTFEFMVYP
61
62
EM MOAMBIQUE E SUAS CARACTERSTICAS
1-"/05&.5*$0 NJO
**OUSPEVP
**$BSBDUFSTUJDBTEBTUJMQJBT
III. Caractersticas das carpas
Mdulo 8
PRINCIPAIS ESPCIES PISCCOLAS CRIADAS
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d2(0$*8$&8/785$
PRINCIPAIS ESPCIES PISCCOLAS CRIADAS EM

MOAMBIQUE E SUAS CARCTERSTICAS
63
64
I. INTRODUO
0TQFJYFTTPBOJNBJTBRVUJDPTRVF EFVNNPEPHFSBM SFBMJ[BNUPEPPTFVDJDMPEFWJEBOBHVB"T
FTQDJFTEFQFJYFTDSJBEBTFN.PBNCJRVFTPBTDIBNBEBTFTQDJFTUSPQJDBJTQPSRVFPTFVEFTFOWPMWJ
NFOUPNYJNPBUJOHJEPUFNQFSBUVSBTSFMBUJWBNFOUFNBJTBMUBT HFSBMNFOUFDPNQSFFOEJEBTFOUSF
F$
0TQFJYFTRVFWBNPTWFSOFTUFNEVMP UJMQJBTFDBSQBT
TPWFSUFCSBEPT JTUP QPTTVFNWSUFCSBT
e espinha ssea.
II. CARACTERSTICAS DAS TILPIAS

"TUJMQJBTTPFTQDJFTPSJHJOSJBTEBGSJDB VNBTEBSFHJP-FTUF .PBNCJRVF
PVUSBTEBSFHJP/PSUF
SJPT/JMP $POHPF+PSEP
FPVUSBTEBSFHJP0FTUF0HOFSPOreochromis e TilapiaFTUPOBUVSBMNFOUF
JHVBMNFOUFEJTUSJCVEPTQFMP/PSUFF4VMEFGSJDB'TTFJTEFUJMQJBJOEJDBOEPBFYJTUODJBEFTUFTBOJ
NBJTINBJTEFNJMIFTEFBOPTGPSBNFODPOUSBEPTFNGSJDB/PTDVMP99BUJMQJBGPJJOUSPEV[JEB
FNDFSDBEFQBTFT QBSBBBDUJWJEBEFBRVDPMB"DBSOFNBDJBFBMUBNFOUFOVUSJDJPOBMEFTQFSUPVP
JOUFSFTTFEFQSPEVUPSFTBMBSHBFTDBMBFBJNQPSUODJBDPNFSDJBMFCJPMHJDBEBUJMQJBDSFTDFVEFTEFFO
UP UPSOBOEPB BDUVBMNFOUF VNEPTHOFSPTNBJTJNQPSUBOUFTQBSBPDVMUJWBEPTFDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPTEP
mundo, perdendo apenas para a carpa.
%BTWSJBTEF[FOBTEFFTQDJFTEFUJMQJBTFYJTUFOUFT BMHVNBTTPNBJTVUJMJ[BEBTFNDVMUJWPFN.PBN
CJRVF UBJT DPNP Oreochromis niloticus UJMQJB OJMUJDB PV UJMQJB EP /JMP
B Oreochromis mossambicus
UJMQJBNPBNCJDBOB
FB5JMBQJBSFOEBMMJ UJMQJBEFQFJUPBWFSNFMIBEP

2.1. Oreochromis niloticus: OBUJWBEBCBDJBEP/JMP BFTQDJFNBJTDVMUJWBEBOPNVOEP

"QSJODJQBMDBSBDUFSTUJDBGTJDBRVFEJTUJOHVFPO. niloticusEBTPVUSBTUJMQJBTBQSFTFOBEFSJTDPTFFT
USJBTQPSUPEPDPNQSJNFOUPEBCBSCBUBOBDBVEBM
&TUB FTQDJF EFTUBDBTF EBT EFNBJT QFMP DSFTDJNFOUP SQJEP SFQSPEVP NBJT UBSEJB QFSNJUJOEP BM
DBOBSNBJPSUBNBOIPBOUFTEBQSJNFJSBSFQSPEVP
FBMUBQSPMJDJEBEF QPTTJCJMJUBOEPBQSPEVPEF
HSBOEFTRVBOUJEBEFTEFBMFWJOPT
"UJMQJBEP/JMPUBNCNDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSJODVCBSPTPWPTOBCPDB
EBGNFB2VBOEPDSJBEBFNUBORVFTEFHVBTWFSEFT HFSBMNFOUFTVQFSBFNDSFTDJNFOUPFDPOWFSTP
BMJNFOUBS T PVUSBT FTQDJFT EF UJMQJB 3FQSPEV[TF EVSBOUF P BOP UPEP NBT P QJDP DPJODJEF DPN B
QPDBEBTDIVWBT"QSJNFJSBNBUVSBPPDPSSFFOUSFPTFPTDN DPNBNFTFTEFJEBEF
$ DBEBGNFBQPEFQSPEV[JSDFSDBEFPWPTQPSEFTPWB TFOEPDPNVNPDPSSFSFNUSTBRVBUSP
desovas por ano.
&TUFTTPBOJNBJTPNOWPSPTBMJNFOUBOEPTFQSJODJQBMNFOUFEFUPQMODUPO BOJNBJTCFOUOJDPT WFH
FUBJTFNEFDPNQPTJPFEFUSJUPTUFOEPBBDUJWJEBEFNYJNBFNIPSSJPTNBJTRVFOUFT&NDBUJWFJSP
BDFJUBNCFNSBPBSUJDJBM
7JWFNFNUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$NBT PDSFTDJNFOUPEBUJMQJBEP/JMPNBYJNJ[BEPFNHVBT
$DPNx DPNQFMPNFOPT NH-EFPYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEPFVNQ)EFB"UFNQFSBUVSBJEFBM
QBSBBSFQSPEVPEF$ TFOEPJOJCJEBBCBJYPEF$
Oreochromis mossambicus1FSUFODFOUFBPHOFSP0SFPDISPNJT DVKBDBSBDUFSTUJDBQSJODJQBM
BJODVCBPPSBMEPTPWPTFDVJEBEPTQBSFOUBJTEBTQTMBSWBTQFMBTGNFBT UBMDPNPBUJMQJBEP/JMP
EJGFSFODJBOEP QPSN QFMB DPOTUSVP EF iOJOIPT QFMPT NBDIPT "QSFTFOUB WJTWFM EJNPSTNP TFYVBM
65
TFOEPPTNBDIPTJOUFJSBNFOUFQSFUPTDPNVNBNBODIBCSBODBOBHBSHBOUBFWFSNFMIPOBTFYUSFNJEBEFT
EBTCBSCBUBOBT FORVBOUPBTGNFBTTPDJO[BPVBDBTUBOIBEBT"PMPOHPEPDPSQPQPEFNTFWFSTFJT
GBJYBTWFSUJDBJTJSSFHVMBSFTFTDVSBT0"EVMUPQPEFQFTBSBULH FNFEJSBUDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP
QPEFOEPWJWFSBBOPT0DPSSFNBJTGSFRVFOUFNFOUFFNFTUVSJPTEPRVFFNHVBEPDFT
"UJMQJBNPBNCJDBOBUBNCNPNOWPSBFBQSFTFOUBNBJPSEJWFSTJEBEFOPTBMJNFOUPTRVFJOHFSF
SFMBUJWBNFOUF BP TFV HOFSP DPNP BT EJUPNDJBT BMHBT WFSEFT QFRVFOPT DSVTUDFPT QFRVFOPT
JOWFSUFCSBEPT NBUSJBTWFHFUBJTFNEFDPNQPTJP"DFJUBCFNGBSJOIBEFNJMIPDP[JEB SFTUPTEFTPKB
EFBSSP[FSFTUPTEFDPNJEB"MJNFOUBTFEVSBOUFUPEPPEJB NBTBBDUJWJEBEFNYJNBOPIPSSJPEF
QJDPEBUFNQFSBUVSBEBHVBRVFHFSBMNFOUFFOUSFBTIPSBTFBTIPSBT"OPJUFBCTUNTF
EFTFBMJNFOUBSUFNQFSBUVSBTBCBJYPEF$ PBQFUJUFDBFYUSFNBNFOUFSFEV[JEP BVNFOUBPSJTDP
EFDPOUSBJSEPFOBTFQSBEFDSFTDFSUFNQFSBUVSBTJOGFSJPSFTB$
" UJMQJB NPBNCJDBOB VNB FTQDJF RVF UPMFSB VNB HSBOEF WBSJBP EF UFNQFSBUVSBT DPOUVEP
NFOPTUPMFSBOUFBPGSJPRVFBUJMQJBEP/JMP5FNQFSBUVSBTQUJNBTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUPWBSJBNFOUSF
$FPT$0DPOGPSUPUSNJDPEFTUFTBOJNBJTWBSJBFOUSFBP$
6NBDBSBDUFSTUJDBNBSDBOUFEFTUBFTQDJFBTVBHSBOEFUPMFSODJBNRVBMJEBEFEBHVBDPNPBBMUB
TBMJOJEBEF QPEFOEPTPCSFWJWFSBx BOWFJTEFPYJHOJPEF NH-FQ)EFB
Tilapia rendalliPSJHJOSJBEPSJP/JHFS EBTCBDJBTEPT$POHPF;BNCF[FFEPTMBHPT5BOHBOJDB
F.BMBHBSB[J DBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSQPTTVJSBDBCFBFDPSQPEFDPMPSBPWFSEFB[FJUPOB PEPSTPFTDVSPFP
DPSQPHFSBMNFOUFDPNCBSSBTWFSUJDBJTOFHSBT"CBSCBUBOBEPSTBMDPNVNBQFRVFOBNBSHFNWFSNFMIB
FCSBODBBUDJO[BFTDVSPFBDBVEBMQPOUJBHVEBOBQPSPEPSTBMFDPNDPMPSBPWFSNFMIPPVBNBSFMP
OBQPSPWFOUSBM1PEFBUJOHJSVNNYJNPEFDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP QFTBS LHFWJWFSFNUPSOPEF
7 anos.
"UJOHFBNBUVSJEBEFTFYVBMDPNBNFTFTEFJEBEF DPNDFSDBEFDN/BBMUVSBEBSFQSPEVP P
NBDIPGB[VNCVSBDPOBTTVQFSGDJFTJOUFSJPSFTEPTUBMVEFT B
FNHVBSBTBPOEFBRVBOUJEBEF
EFPYJHOJP"GNFBEFQPTJUBOPOJOIPEFBPWPT"JODVCBPEPTPWPTOPPSBM%VSBOUF
FTUBGBTFBGNFBQFSNBOFDFKVOUPBPOJOIP BHJUBOEPDPOUJOVBNFOUFBCBSCBUBOBDBVEBMQBSBGPSOFDFS
PYJHOJPBPTFNCSJFT"QFOBTFNDBTPEFQFSJHP FMBJOUSPEV[PTBMFWJOPTOBCPDB0ONFSPEFEFTPWBT
WBSJBFOUSFFDPNJOUFSWBMPTEFBTFNBOBT BUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$
"BMJNFOUBPEPKVWFOJTSFRVFSFSNBJPSUFPSQSPUFJDPEPRVFBEPTBEVMUPTQPSJTTPOFTUBGBTFRVBTF
TFNQSF BMJNFOUBNTF EF QFRVFOPT DSVTUDFPT BRVUJDPT 1PTUFSJPSNFOUF B TVB BMJNFOUBP UPSOBTF
IFSCWPSBPVEFUSJUWPSB DPOTVNJOEPGPMIBT GSVUPT GBSJOIBTFUVCSDVMPT
&TUBFTQDJF UBMDPNPBUJMQJBNPBNCJDBOB UPMFSBOUFBVNBHSBOEFWBSJFEBEFEFUFNQFSBUVSBEB
HVB EFTEF$BU$ FBVNBTBMJOJEBEFEFBUx Q)EF B FVNNOJNPEF NHMEF
PYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEP
III. CARACTERSTICAS DAS CARPAS

"TDBSQBTTPQFJYFTPSJHJOSJPTEB&VSPQBPSJFOUBMFTJBFPTNBJTVTBEPTFNQJTDJDVMUVSBOPNVOEP&TUBT
FTQDJFTEFQFJYFEFHVBEPDFGPSBNJOUSPEV[JEBTFN.PBNCJRVFQPSWPMUBEF QPSBQSFTFOUBSFN
VNDSFTDJNFOUPSQJEPFFNDVMUJWPEFBMUBEFOTJEBEFQPEFSFNBUJOHJSFNBQFOBTVNBOPDFSDBEF LH
1PEFNWJWFSDFSDBEFBOPTFVMUSBQBTTBSLHEFQFTPFBU NFUSPEFDPNQSJNFOUP"RVBMJEBEF
EBDBSOFTBUJTGBUSJBNBT FTQJOIPTBFDPNHPTUPFTQFDDB$PNPBOJNBJTUSPQJDBJT EFTFOWPMWFNTF
UFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$
%BTWSJBTFTQDJFTEFDBSQBDVMUJWBEBTOPNVOEP FN.PBNCJRVF BTNBJTDPNVOTTPBDBSQBDPNVN
66
$ZQSJOVTDBSQJP
FBDBSQBDBQJN $UFOPQIBSZOHPEPOJEFMMB

Cyprinus carpio"DBSQBDPNVNOBTVBGPSNBTFMWBHFNDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSBQSFTFOUBSVNBDPS
WFSEFB[FJUPOBOBSFHJPEPSTBMEPDPSQPFBNBSFMBEBOBSFHJPMBUFSBMFOBCBSSJHBFDBCFBNBJTQFRVFOB
$POUVEP BHFSBPEFICSJEPTUPSOBBTDPSFTNVJUPWBSJWFJT$PMPSBPFQSPQPSPTPWBSJWFJT F
BTFTDBNBTTPTFNQSFHSBOEFTFHSPTTBTDPCSJOEPUPEPPDPSQP1PTTVFNVNQBSEFCBSCJMIFTOPT
DBOUPTEBCPDB BRVBMUFSNJOBMOPTJOEJWEVPTBEVMUPT FTVCUFSNJOBMFNJOEJWEVPTKPWFOT"FTQDJF
QPTTVJVNBFTQJOIBEPSTBMTFSSJMIBEB1PEFNBUJOHJSBNBUVSJEBEFDPNNFTFT DN
0TNBDIPTTP
EJGFSFODJBEPTEBTGNFBTQPSBQSFTFOUBSFNVNBHSBOEFCBSCBUBOBWFOUSBM
"EFTPWBOBDBSQBDPNVNPDPSSFFOUSFBNFJBOPJUFFPBNBOIFDFS NBTTFBTDPOEJFTGPSFNGBWPSWFJT
QPEFEFTPWBSEVSBOUFUPEPPEJB"QSFTFOBEFWFHFUBPEFOTBUBNCNVNFTUNVMPQBSBBEFTPWB
KRVFPTPWPTTPBEFTJWPTFQSFDJTBNEFVNTVCTUSBUPDPNNVJUBTQMBOUBT0TPWPTRVFDBFNOPMPEP
UPSOBNTFJOWJWFJT-PHPEFQPJTEBGFSUJMJ[BP PTPWPTDPMBNTFTQMBOUBTBTTFHVSBOEPBQFSNBOODJB
FNHVBGSFTDB$PTPWPTGFSUJMJ[BEPTOFDFTTJUBNEFIPSBTQBSBJODVCBSFFDMPEJSNBT
$TPOFDFTTSJBTBQFOBTIPSBTQBSBBTVBFDMPTP
"BMJNFOUBPOBUVSBMEBDBSQBDPNVNP[PPQMODUPOKVWFOJMFQFRVFOPTBOJNBJTEFGVOEPDPNP
NJOIPDBT MBSWBT EF JOTFDUPT QFRVFOPT NPMVTDPT F BU BMHVOT EFUSJUPT RVBOEP BEVMUB 1PS TFS VNB
FTQDJFPNOWPSB FNDBUJWFJSP BDFJUBCFNBMJNFOUPTBSUJDJBJT EFTEFRVFQBTUPTPTBTTJNDPNPGPMIBT
UFOSBT"MJNFOUBTFEVSBOUFUPEPPEJBNBT NPTUSBNBJPSBDUJWJEBEFBPOBTDFSFBPQSEPTPM
4PCSFWJWFTUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$"PT$BUJOHFPNBJPSDSFTDJNFOUPNBTQSBEFDSFTDFS
RVBOEPBUFNQFSBUVSBEFTDFBCBJYPEF$3FQSPEV[TFBUFNQFSBUVSBTEF$ FNHVBTQPVDP
QSPGVOEBTFOPTFBMJNFOUBBCBJYPEF$
NBJTTFOTWFMFTDBTTF[EFPYJHOJPEPRVFBTUJMQJBT NBTSFTJTUFQPSBMHVNUFNQPDPNNFOPTNHM
QPEFOEPTFSDSJBEPFNHVBTQBSBEBT
3.2. Ctenopharyngodon idella

"DBSQBDBQJNVNQFJYFEFHVBEPDFEFPSJHFNBTJUJDBDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSQPTTVJSVNDPSQPSPMJP
CFNNBJTEFMHBEPFDPNQSJEPEPRVFBTPVUSBTDBSQBT5FNFTDBNBTHSBOEFT QSBUFBEBTFVOJGPSNFT
QFMPDPSQPVNQFJYFDPNNVJUBBHJMJEBEFFSBQJEF[ GBDUPOPNVJUPDPNVNFNPVUSBTDBSQBT/B
OBUVSF[BDIFHBBNBJTEFLHFBMDBOBDFSDBEF LHDPNVNBOPEFDVMUJWP
&TUFQFJYFDPOIFDJEPDPNPDBSQBDBQJNQPSRVFIFSCWPSP PRVBMQPEFDPOTVNJSEJBSJBNFOUFEF
BEPTFVQFTPTPNFOUFFNQMBOUBTBRVUJDBT DPNPPDBQJNWFSEFFGSFTDP UPSOBOEPTFEFTUF
NPEPVNFYDFMFOUFQSPEVUPSEFBEVCPPSHOJDP"MJNFOUBTFUBOUPOBTVQFSGDJFRVBOUPOPGVOEP
"DBSQBDBQJNUFNPTFVEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPNBYJNJ[BEPFOUSFPT$F$ PYJHOJPEJTTPMWJEPBDJNB
EF NHMFUPMFSBOEPQ)FOUSF B
67
68

Inaqua Modulos

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Inaqua Modulos

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

REPBLICA

CURSO MODULAR DE CAPACITAO

I. IMPORTNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAO DO HOMEM

PLANO TEMTICO (45 min.)

Introduo sobre Aquacultura no Pas e no Mundo

I IMPORTNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAO DO HOMEM

II A PESCA MARTIMA NO MUNDO

0TEF[QSJODJQBJTQBTFTQSPEVUPSFTTP$IJOB 1FS &TUBEPT6OJEPT $IJMF *OEPOTJB +BQP OEJB 3TTJB

III NOO DE AQUACULTURA

IV ORIGEM E VANTAGENS DA AQUACULTURA

VI AS ESPCIES MAIS CULTIVADAS NO MUNDO E EM MOAMBIQUE

r $BSQBDPNVN $ZQSJOVTDBSQJP

r $BSQBDBQJN $UFOPQIBSZOHPEPOJEFMMB

r $BSQBEFDBCFBHSBOEF "SJTUJDIUIZTOPCJMJT

Qualidade dos solos

III. TANQUES DE TERRA PARA A PISCICULTURA

Testes para determinar o tipo de solo

IV. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES

"TTJN B RVBMJEBEFEFHVBEJTQPOWFMEFUFSNJOBFTQDJFEFQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT QPSN TF B

III TANQUES DE TERRA PARA PISCICULTURA

5BORVFTEPUJQPCBSSBHFN que interceptam um riacho.

UFSSFOP EJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFHVB TJTUFNBEFDSJBP

r 1PSPVUSPMBEP PTUBORVFTQBSBDSJBPEFQFJYFT EFWFNTFSDPOTUSVEPTEFNBOFJSBRVF

Tanques escavados mTPDPOTUSVEPTFNSFBTQMBOBTSFUJSBOEPTFPTPMP0OWFMEBHVBDBBCBJYP

e) Vantagens e Desvantagens dos Tanques de Terra

VII. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES

HBJPMBT TFOEPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTVDFTTPEPDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT OPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP

CAIAGEM, FERTILIZAO DA GUA NOS TANQUES E

II CAIAGEM DOS TANQUES

III FERTILIZANTES ORGNICOS, INORGNICOS E MISTOS USADOS EM

Porqu devemos fertilizar o nosso tanque?

Fertilizao do tanque, antes do povoamento

.BT PQSPEVUPSQPEFPQUBSUBNCNQPSQSPEV[JSPadubo composto1BSBUBM EFWFTFQSPDFEFSEP

Vantagens da adubao orgnica

Adio de ureia (g)

Mtodos de aplicao do adubo

Transporte dos Alevinos

Piscicultura semi intensiva

Piscicultura Super Intensiva

III PRINCIPAIS TCNICAS DE CRIAO

4FEPTQBUPT GPSFNGNFBTFNBDIPT FOUP

$PNPUFSSFOPGSUJM BQSPEVPEFBHSDPMBQPEFTFSQFSNBOFOUF UPEPPBOP

QUALIDADE DE GUA E ALIMENTAO DOS PEIXES

II. IMPORTNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA GUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE

III. OS PRINCIPAIS PARMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA GUA

"MJCFSUBPEFPYJHOJPOBHVB NFEJBOUFQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUUJDPQFMPUPQMODUPO BMHBT FNFTQFDJBM

FOUSBEBEFHVBPQPTUBTBEB TBEBEBHVBOPGVOEP GPSNBSFDUBOHVMBS FUD

1SFTFOBEFOJUSBUPT GPTGBUPT DBSCPOBUPTFTVMGBUPT

6NUBORVFEFDSJBPEFQFJYFT BQFTBSEFTFSVNBNCJFOUFUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFDPOUSPMBEP OPEFJYB

IV. ALIMENTAO DOS PEIXES DE GUA DOCE

m$BSCPIJESBUPTmUSJHP NBOEJPDB FUD QBSBHBSBOUJSBMJHBP BEFTP

4.1. Tipos de alimentos na aquacultura

800 X 200 (g) X 3

= 480 g de ra por dia

4.2. Tipos de rao para peixes

PREVENO E TRATAMENTO DAS DOENAS

0TQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUF DPOWJWFNFNFRVJMCSJPDPNPTQBSBTJUBTFBHFOUFTQBUPHOJDPT.BT DPNPPT

PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DAS DOENAS

"DPODFOUSBPEFPSHBOJTNPTTFKBNQFJYFT BWFTPV)PNFOT JOFWJUBWFMNFOUFPDBTJPOBPQPSUVOJEBEF

IV. MECANISMOS DE DEFESA

GVOHPTQBUPHOJDPT0TDVJEBEPTOPNBOVTFBNFOUPEFWFN TFNFMIBOBEPNVDP TFSUPNBEPTQBSB

V. PRINCIPAIS SINAIS QUE AUXILIAM NA DETECO DE DOENAS E

5.3.Sinais clnicos internos:

VII. PREVENO DE DOENAS

r $BSQBDPNVN $ZQSJOVTDBSQJP

r $BSQBDBQJN $UFOPQIBSZOHPEPOJEFMMB

r $BSQBEFDBCFBHSBOEF "SJTUJDIUIZTOPCJMJT

UFSSFOP EJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFHVB TJTUFNBEFDSJBP

Tanques escavados mTPDPOTUSVEPTFNSFBTQMBOBTSFUJSBOEPTFPTPMP0OWFMEBHVBDBBCBJYP

e) Vantagens e Desvantagens dos Tanques de Terra

HBJPMBT TFOEPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTVDFTTPEPDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT OPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP

.BT PQSPEVUPSQPEFPQUBSUBNCNQPSQSPEV[JSPadubo composto1BSBUBM EFWFTFQSPDFEFSEP

4FEPTQBUPT GPSFNGNFBTFNBDIPT FOUP

FOUSBEBEFHVBPQPTUBTBEB TBEBEBHVBOPGVOEP GPSNBSFDUBOHVMBS FUD

0TQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUF DPOWJWFNFNFRVJMCSJPDPNPTQBSBTJUBTFBHFOUFTQBUPHOJDPT.BT DPNPPT

GVOHPTQBUPHOJDPT0TDVJEBEPTOPNBOVTFBNFOUPEFWFN TFNFMIBOBEPNVDP TFSUPNBEPTQBSB

r 'PSNBMJOBFOUSFFNMN FNBBQMJDBFT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBTFOUSFBTNFTNBT

2.1. Oreochromis niloticus: OBUJWBEBCBDJBEP/JMP BFTQDJFNBJTDVMUJWBEBOPNVOEP