Curso Modular de Capacitação em Aquacultura: República de Moçambique

REPÚBLICA
DE MOÇAMBIQUE
MINISTÉRIO DAS PESCAS
CURSO MODULAR DE CAPACITAÇÃO

EM AQUACULTURA
www.inaqua.gov.mz
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Introdução sobre Aquacultura no País e no Mundo
Módulo1
PLANO TEMÁTICO (45 min.)
I. IMPORTÂNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DO HOMEM

II. A PESCA MARÍTIMA NO MUNDO
III. NOÇÃO DE AQUACULTURA
IV. ORIGEM E VANTAGENS DA AQUACULTURA
V. AQUACULTURA EM MOÇAMBIQUE
VI. AS ESPÉCIES MAIS CULTIVADAS NO MUNDO E EM MOÇAMBIQUE
2
I – IMPORTÂNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DO HOMEM
Cada um de nós deve ter na sua família pessoas idosas mas, ainda com saúde. Porquê?
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– Tecido nervoso
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– Controlo do nível de colesterol
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Água Proteínas Gorduras Sais minerais Carbohidratos
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II – A PESCA MARÍTIMA NO MUNDO

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a actividade que pode ser indicada como alternativa à pesca.
III – NOÇÃO DE AQUACULTURA

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moluscos, crustáceos e plantas aquáticas, e a actividade de cultivo implica intervenção do homem no processo de
criação para aumentar a produção, em operações como reprodução, povoamento, alimentação e protecção contra
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IV – ORIGEM E VANTAGENS DA AQUACULTURA

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V – AQUACULTURA EM MOÇAMBIQUE
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VI – AS ESPÉCIES MAIS CULTIVADAS NO MUNDO E EM MOÇAMBIQUE

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DN

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com um ano de idade.
CAMARÃO
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profundidade.
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7
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Sistemas de cultivo
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 .*/
Módulo 2
I. INTRODUÇÃO
II. SELECÇÃO DO LOCAL
B %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFÃHVB
C 2VBMJEBEFEFÃHVB
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d. Qualidade dos solos
III. TANQUES DE TERRA PARA A PISCICULTURA
a. Testes para determinar o tipo de solo
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E 7BOUBHFOTFEFTWBOUBHFOTEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB
IV. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES
B $POTUSVÉÈPEFVNBHBJPMBóVUVBOUF
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9
10
I – INTRODUÇÃO
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facilite a colheita.
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II – SELECÇÃO DO LOCAL
"/5&4EFTFDPOTUSVJSVNUBORVFEFUFSSBQBSBBJNQMFNFOUBÉÈPEBQJTDJDVMUVSB EFWFTFTFMFDDJPOBS
BFTQÊDJFFQBSBMFMBNFOUFPCTFSWBS QSJODJQBMNFOUF PTTFHVJOUFTGBDUPSFTRVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEB
ÃHVB UPQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP UJQPFRVBMJEBEFEPTPMPFTJTUFNBEFFTDPBNFOUP
a) Disponibilidade de Água
"ÃHVBEJTQPOÎWFMQBSBPTUBORVFTEFWFTFSTVñDJFOUFQBSBPBCBTUFDJNFOUPJOJDJBM SFQPTJÉÈPEBTQFSEBT
QPSFWBQPSBÉÈPFJOñMUSBÉÈP%FQSFGFSËODJBRVFFYJTUBVNBGPOUFEFÃHVBEFOUSPEPUFSSFOPPOEFTF
QSFUFOEFDPOTUSVJS UBMDPNPOBTDFOUFTSJBDIPTPVFNÙMUJNPDBTP ÃHVBTVCUFSSÄOFB
4FNQSF RVF QPTTÎWFM P BCBTUFDJNFOUP EFWF TFS GFJUP QPS HSBWJEBEF QBSB SFEV[JS PT DVTUPT DPN BT
NPUPCPNCBTFPVUSPTFRVJQBNFOUPT DPOTVNPEFFOFSHJBFMÊDUSJDB DPNCVTUÎWFM QBSBBMÊNEPTDVTUPT
EFNBOVUFOÉÈP

"RVBOUJEBEFEFÃHVBOFDFTTÃSJBQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEBQJTDJDVMUVSB ÊDBMDVMBEBPCTFSWBOEPTFB
ÃSFB BQSPGVOEJEBEFEPUBORVFFPQFTPñOBMUPUBMEPTQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT2VBOUPNBJPSGPSP
QFTPñOBMUPUBMEBQSPEVÉÈP NBJPSRVBOUJEBEFEFÃHVBTFSÃSFRVFSJEBQBSBBSFDJSDVMBÉÈPFPYJHFOBÉÈP
da mesma.
"RVBOUJEBEFNÎOJNBEFÃHVBOFDFTTÃSJBQBSBBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFTEFWFTFSUBMRVFQFSNJUBFODIFSPT
UBORVFTFNQPVDPUFNQPFNBOUËMPTDPNPOÎWFMEFÃHVBDPOTUBOUFEVSBOUFUPEBTBTÊQPDBTEPBOP
&TTBRVBOUJEBEFWBJEFQFOEFSNVJUPEBSFHJÈPWJTUPRVFEFWFTFSTVñDJFOUFQBSBFODIFSPTUBORVFTPV
WJWFJSPTFDPNQFOTBSBTQFSEBTDBVTBEBTQFMBFWBQPSBÉÈPFJOñMUSBÉÈPEBÃHVB
0DPOIFDJNFOUPEPWPMVNFNÃYJNPOPTQFSÎPEPTEFDIFJBTFEPWPMVNFNÎOJNPOPQFSÎPEPEFTFDBÊ
UBNCÊNNVJUPJNQPSUBOUF
C
Qualidade da Água
EBÃHVBRVFPTQFJYFTPCUËNPPYJHÊOJPQBSBBSFTQJSBÉÈPFPVUSPTOVUSJFOUFTRVFGBSÈPQBSUFEBTVB
DPNQPTJÉÈPDPSQPSBM"GBMUBEFPYJHÊOJP BUFNQFSBUVSBNVJUPCBJYBPVBBDJEF[FYDFTTJWB QPSFYFNQMP
QPEFN TFS QSFKVEJDJBJT BPT QFJYFT "MHVOT QFJYFT TÈP DBQB[FT EF TPCSFWJWFS FN DPOEJÉ×FT BEWFSTBT
SFEV[JOEPBQFOBTPTFVDSFTDJNFOUPPVJOUFSSPNQFOEPPTFVDJDMPSFQSPEVUJWP$POUVEP IÃFTQÊDJFT
RVFOÈPTPCSFWJWFN
11
"TTJN B RVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBEJTQPOÎWFMEFUFSNJOBFTQÊDJFEFQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT QPSÊN TF B
RVBMJEBEF EB ÃHVB FTUJWFS GPSB EPT MJNJUFT SFRVFSJEPT QFMB FTQÊDJF B TFS QSPEV[JEB OÈP IBWFSÃ VNB
SFTQPTUBFñDJFOUFFNUFSNPTEFDSFTDJNFOUPFFOHPSEB
4FNQSFRVFQPTTÎWFMEFWFTFDPOIFDFSBQSPWFOJËODJBEBÃHVB QPSRVFÃHVBTQPMVÎEBTTÈPJNQSÓQSJBT
QBSB B BRVBDVMUVSB " QPMVJÉÈP QPEF TFS EF PSJHFN BHSÎDPMB DPNP PT BEVCPT F QFTUJDJEBT BSUJñDJBJT
QSPWFOJFOUF EF SFTÎEVPT JOEVTUSJBJT EF FTHPUPT EPNÊTUJDPT QPEFOEP DPOUFS DPMJGPSNFT GFDBJT RVF
TFSWJSÈPEPTQFJYFTDPNPWFÎDVMPTQBSBDPOUBNJOBSFNP)PNFN QSPWPDBOEPBDÓMFSBEFNJOFSBÉÈP
RVFDPOUBNJOBNBÃHVBDPNNJOÊSJPTUÓYJDPTFUD
"T ÃHVBT EBT OBTDFOUFT TÈP BT NBJT MJWSFT EF QPMVJÉÈP QPS JTTP NVJUBT WF[FT SFDPNFOEBEBT QBSB B
QJTDJDVMUVSB$POUVEP OFNTFNQSFDPOUËNOVUSJFOUFTFNQSPQPSÉ×FTRVFTBUJTGBÉBNOVUSJDJPOBMNFOUF
BTEJWFSTBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT
"TÃHVBTEFSJPT SJBDIPTFSFTFSWBUÓSJPTTÈPBTNBJTVUJMJ[BEBTOBQJTDJDVMUVSB QPSÊNEFWFTFUFSVNB
BUFOÉÈPNBJPSÆQPMVJÉÈPFÆQSFTFOÉBEFPVUSPTPSHBOJTNPTDPNQFUJEPSFTFFQSFEBEPSFT
c) Topografia do Terreno
"UPQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOPÊVNGBDUPSJNQPSUBOUF0SFMFWPEPUFSSFOPÊRVFEFUFSNJOBPUJQP OÙNFSP
superfície e forma dos cativeiros a serem construídos.
0UFSSFOPTFMFDDJPOBEPEFWFTFSQMBOPBñNEFGBDJMJUBSFCBJYBSPTDVTUPTEFSFNPÉÈPEFUFSSBQBSBB
DPOTUSVÉÈPEPTDBUJWFJSPTFEFWFUFSVNEFDMJWFTVñDJFOUFQBSBRVFFTUFTQPTTBNTFSBCBTUFDJEPTEF
ÃHVBQPSHSBWJEBEF FTUBOEPBÃSFBEFDBQUBÉÈPOVNOÎWFMBDJNBEPMPDBMFTDPMIJEPQBSBBDSJBÉÈPF
esvaziados naturalmente.
d) Qualidade dos Solos
" RVBMJEBEF EP TPMP EFWF TFS DPOUSPMBEB TFNQSF RVF TF QSFUFOEB NPOUBS VN DBUJWFJSP 1BSB JTTP Ê
JNQPSUBOUFDPOIFDFSTFPQ) BDJEF[
EPTPMP TFOEPBNFEJEBJEFBMÊQSÓYJNPEF QSÓYJNPTBPOFVUSP

0TQFJYFTOÈPTVQPSUBNHSBOEFTWBSJBÉ×FTEPQ)&TUBTWBSJBÉ×FTQPEFNTFSPDBTJPOBEBTQPSDIVWBT
JOUFOTBTPVQPSBEVCBÉÈPFYDFTTJWB
" DPSSFDÉÈP EP Q) ÃDJEP EFWF TFS GFJUB BUSBWÊT EP QSPDFTTP EF DBJBHFN BQMJDBÉÈP EF DBSCPOBUP EF
DÃMDJP
FNRVBOUJEBEFWBSJÃWFM EFBDPSEPDPNPUJQPEFTPMPFPQ)NFEJEP
III – TANQUES DE TERRA PARA PISCICULTURA

0TUBORVFTEFUFSSBQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBTÈPFTDBWBÉ×FTGFJUBTOPTPMP DPNNFDBOJTNPTQBSBBFOUSBEBF
TBÎEBEBÃHVBFPVUSPTBQFUSFDIPTQBSBBTVBGVODJPOBMJEBEF
&NGVOÉÈPEPTJTUFNBEFBCBTUFDJNFOUPEFÃHVB PTUBORVFTTÈPEJWJEJEPT FNUSËTUJQPT
5BORVFTEPUJQPCBSSBHFN – que interceptam um riacho.

r /ÈPUËNVNBGPSNBEFñOJEB TÈPDPOTUSVÎEPTHFSBMNFOUFFNGVOEPTEFWBMFT BQSPWFJUBOEP
OBTDFOUFTPVSJBDIPTRVFBMJFYJTUBN4ÈPNBJTVTBEPTQBSBiFOHPSEBuEFQFJYF
r 5BORVFTEFEFSJWBÉÈPmOPRVBMPBCBTUFDJNFOUPÊGFJUPQPSNFJPEFDBOBJTPVUVCBHFN
r 5BORVFTBCBTUFDJEPTDPNÃHVBTVCUFSSÄOFBmRVFTÈPFTDBWBEPTFN[POBTPOEFP
MFOÉPMGSFÃUJDPFTUÃBQFRVFOBQSPGVOEJEBEF QFSNJUJOEPBTTJNPBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEFTTBÃHVB
QBSBBCBTUFDJNFOUPEPUBORVF
12
0UJQPEFTPMPÊPVUSPGBDUPSBUFSTFFNDPOUB
r 4PMPTarenosoTOÈPTFSWFNQBSBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTOBUVSBJT TFNWFEBÉÈP

QPJTQPTTVFNBMUBJOGJMUSBÉÈP"DPOTUSVÉÈPEFUBORVFTEFBMWFOBSJBPVWFEBEPTDPNMPOB
TFSJBNVNBBMUFSOBUJWB NBTJTTPBDBSSFUBVNNBJPSDVTUPEFJNQMBOUBÉÈP
r 4PMPTBSHJMPTPTTÈPJOEFTFKÃWFJT QPJTFODIBSDBNTFDPNGBDJMJEBEFFRVBOEPTFDBN

GJDBNEVSPTFSBDIBNNVJUP BMÊNEFBQSFTFOUBSFNCBJYBBFSBÉÈPOBUVSBM
r +ÃPTTPMPTBSFOPBSHJMPTPT BSHJMBFBSFJB

QPSTFSFNGÃDFJTEFFTDBWBSFOÈP
QFSNJUJSFNJOñMUSBÉ×FTFYDFTTJWBT IBWFOEPVNBBDFJUÃWFMQFSEBEFÃHVB TÈPPTJOEJDBEPT
QBSBBBCFSUVSBEFUBORVFT/FTUFDBTPÊOFDFTTÃSJPWFSJñDBSBQFSNFBCJMJEBEFFUFYUVSBEP
TPMP QPJTFTUFOÈPQPEFTFSNVJUPQFSNFÃWFMÆÃHVBFEFWFTFSTVGJDJFOUFNFOUF
DPNQBDUBOUF QBSBFWJUBSBFSPTÈPFNPEJñDBÉÈPEBFTUSVUVSBEPUBORVF
ObservaçãoVNTPMPÊDPOTJEFSBEPJNQFSNFÃWFMRVBOEPUJWFSOÎWFJTEFJOñMUSBÉÈPEFBUÊNNEF
ÃHVBEJB
a) Testes para determinar o tipo de solo
1BSBFYBNJOBSTFPTPMPÊPJEFBMQBSBBBCFSUVSBEPUBORVF GBÉBPTFHVJOUFUFTUF
5FTUF
'BÉBVNCVSBDPEFNEFQSPGVOEJEBEFFQFHVFVNBBNPTUSBEFTPMPEPGVOEP
.PMIFFTUFTPMPFDPNVNQPVDP GBÉBVNBCPMBOBNÈP
"UJSFBVOTDNBPBSFEFJYFRVFFMBDBJBTPCSFBQBMNBEBTVBNÈP
4FBCPMBTFEFTñ[FSOBTVBNÈP PTPMPOÈPÊCPNQBSBTFDPOTUSVJSPUBORVF
5FTUF
'BÉBVNSPMJOIPDPNVNBBNPTUSBIVNFEFDJEBEBUFSSBEPMPDBM UJSBEBBDFSDBEFNEFQSP
fundidade.
4FGPSQPTTÎWFMKVOUBSBTEVBTQPOUBTGB[FOEPVNBiBSHPMBu TJHOJñDBRVFPTPMPUFNVNBCPB
NJTUVSBEFBSHJMBFBSFJB
$BTPDPOUSÃSJP QSPDVSFPVUSPMPDBMQBSBBCSJSPUBORVF
5FTUF QFSNFBCJMJEBEFEPUFSSFOP

&ODIBEFÃHVBBUÊBPUPQPVNCVSBDPDPNDFSDBEFVNNFUSPEFQSPGVOEJEBEF
$VCSBPCVSBDPDPNGPMIBT
/PEJBTFHVJOUFPOÎWFMEBÃHVBEFWFSÃUFSCBJYBEPEFWJEPÆJOñMUSBÉÈP
4FBTQBSFEFTEPCVSBDPñDBNTBUVSBEBTQSPWBWFMNFOUFDPNBÃHVB TJHOJñDBRVFPTPMPQPEF
TVQPSUBSNFMIPSBÃHVB
3FFODIBEFÃHVBPCVSBDPBUÊBPUPQP
$VCSBVNBWF[NBJTDPNBTGPMIBT7FSJñRVFPOÎWFMEBÃHVBOPEJBTFHVJOUF
4FPOÎWFMEBÃHVBÊBJOEBFMFWBEP TJHOJñDBRVFPTPMPÊTVñDJFOUFNFOUFJNQFSNFÃWFMF
BEFRVBEPQBSBBDPOTUSVÉÈPEPUBORVF
13
C
Construção do Tanque de terra
0 TUBORVFTEFWFNTFSDPOTUSVÎEPTEFQSFGFSËODJB FTDBWBEPTPVDPNMFWBOUBNFOUPEF
EJRVFTBQSPWFJUBOEPPNÃYJNPEBUPQPHSBGJBFYJTUFOUF
0MPDBMFTDPMIJEPQBSBBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFWFTFSUPUBMNFOUFMJNQPSFUJSBOEPTFUPEBTBTÃSWPSFT BSCVT
UPT WFHFUBÉÈP SBÎ[FT QFESBTFPVSPDIBT QBSBUPSOBSPUFSSFOPNBJTFTUÃWFMFFWJUBSQSPCMF
NBTEFJOGJMUSBÉÈP
%FTFHVJEB EFWFSÃNBSDBSPUBORVFDPNPBVYÎMJPEFFTUBDBT QSPDFEBÆNBSDBÉÈPEPlimite (ex-
terno) dos diques CFNDPNPBNBSDBÉÈPEPTlimites internos do fundo dos tanques us
BOEPDPSEBPVGJPSÎHJEP
3FUJSFBDBNBEBTVQFSJPSEPTPMPFDPOTFSWFPGPSBEBÃSFBEPUBORVF QBSBNBJTUBSEFDPN
QBDUBSPTEJRVFT&TTFTPMPÊrico em nutrientes e húmusFEFWFTFSVTBEPQBSBDPCSJSPGVOEP
EPUBORVFFQBSBDPCSJSPTEJRVFT
5. Cave o tanque e em simultâneo construa os diques (ou paredes). Ao cavar, use o solo reti
rado para construir os diques.
"DPNQBDUBÉÈPEPGVOEPFEPTEJRVFT QBSFEFT
ÊQSÃUJDBobrigatória para evitar paredes para
NBJPSTFHVSBOÉBFEVSBCJMJEBEF
DPNQBDUFCFNPTPMPBPDPOTUSVJSPTEJRVFT VTBOEPPTQÊT
PVDPNPBVYÎMJPEVNUSPODPQFTBEP4FFODPOUSBSTPMPBSFOPTPEFNÃRVBMJEBEF EFWFSÃMBOÉÃ
MPQBSBGPSBEBÃSFBEPWJWFJSPmnão o use para construir os diques.
0TEJRVFTEVNUBORVF EFWFNUFSDFSDBEFDNBDJNBEPOÎWFMEBÃHVBOPUBORVFEFWFN ser
largos e resistentesQBSBTVQPSUBSFNBQSFTTÈPEBÃHVBEntre dois tanques,PTEJRVFT QBSBBMÊN
EFFTUBSFNNVJUPCFNDPNQBDUBEPT UËNRVFSFTJTUJSÆQSFTTÈPEFÃHVBEFBNCPTPTMBEPT
3FDPNFOEBTFRVFBTVBMBSHVSBTFKBsuperior a dois metros5BNCÊNQBSBJNQFEJSBFSPTÈPEPT
EJRVFT EFWFTFplantar relva ou capim selvagemFNUPEBBFYUFOTÈPEPTEJRVFT
"PDBWBSPUBORVF ÊOFDFTTÃSJPUFSTFFNDPOUBRVFP fundo do tanqueEFWFSÃTFSinclinado.
Na parte menos profundaBÃHVBEFWFSÃDIFHBSBPOÎWFMEPTKPFMIPT0VTFKB PGVOEPEFWFUFS
VNBJODMJOBÉÈPEF FNEJSFDÉÈPBPTJTUFNBEFFTDPBNFOUP
"CSBBFOUSBEBFBTBÎEBEBÃHVBOPUBORVF0DBOBMEFentradaRVFUSBOTQPSUBBÃHVBQBSBPJOUF
SJPSEPUBORVF EFWFñDBSEPlado menos fundo&TUBÃHVBHFSBMNFOUFDPOUÊNCBTUBOUFTFEJNFOUP
RVFQPEFSJBUPSOBSPUBORVFNVJUPMBNBDFOUP"PDBWBSPDBOBMQBSBBFOUSBEBEBÃHVB DBWFVN
CVSBDPEFCBJYPEPUVCPEFFOUSBEB*TUPQFSNJUJSÃRVFPTPMPTFEJNFOUFFFWJUBRVFFMFTFFODIBEF
MBNB0UVCPEFFOUSBEBBUSBWFTTBPEJRVFFEFTFNCPDBOPJOUFSJPSEPUBORVF%FWFTFSJOTUBMBEP
VNñMUSPOPUVCPQBSBFWJUBSRVFQFJYFTTFMWBHFOTFOUSFNOPUBORVF FNGPSNBEFPWPT MBSWBTPV
mesmo juvenis). No interior do tanque, canal de entradaEFWFFTUBSIÃDFSDBEF15 cm acima do
nível da água.1PSVNMBEP JTUPJNQFEFRVFPTQFJYFTFTDBQFNQFMPUVCP FQPSPVUSPMBEP NJT
UVSBBSBPFOUSBSOPUBORVF SFGPSÉBOEPPUFPSFNPYJHÊOJP
0DBOBMEFescoamentoEBÃHVB EFWFñDBSEPlado oposto ao que contem o canal de entrada
FBVNOÎWFMNBJTCBJYP5BNCÊNEFWFFTUBSQSPUFHJEPDPNVNñMUSPQBSBJNQFEJSBTBÎEBJOEFTF
KBEBEPQFJYFFNDSJBÉÈP&TUFDBOBMEFFTDPBNFOUPUFNDPNPñOBMJEBEFSFUJSBSBÃHVBEPGVOEP
e manter o nível desejado.
$PNPñMUSPT QPEFNTFSVTBEPTBMHVOTVUFOTÎMJPTDPNPQFEBÉPTEFSFEFNFUÃMJDB QPUFTEFBSHJMB
DPNPSJGÎDJPT QFEBÉPTEFDIBQBDPNPSJGÎDJPPVBUÊNFTNPSFUBMIPTEFSFEFNPTRVJUFJSB
c) Formato e Dimensões de Tanques de terra
r "GPSNBFEJNFOT×FTEPTUBORVFTWBSJBEFBDPSEPDPNBTFTQÊDJFTDSJBEBT UPQPHSBGJBEP
14
UFSSFOP EJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFÃHVB TJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈP
r 1PSPVUSPMBEP PTUBORVFTQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT EFWFNTFSDPOTUSVÎEPTEFNBOFJSBRVF
possam ser enchidos com facilidade e esvaziados por completo.
r 0TUBORVFTSFDUBOHVMBSFTTÈPNBJTGÃDFJTEFTFSFNDPOTUSVÎEPT FGBDJMJUBNBSFDPMIBEPT
QFJYFT RVBOEPDPNQBSBEPTDPNUBORVFTRVBESBEPTPVDJSDVMBSFT
r 5BORVFNVJUPQFRVFOP BCBJYPEFN
BVNFOUBPTDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈP
r 0TUBORVFTQPEFNTFSNVJUPNBJPSFT QPEFOEPUFSBUÊIBPVTFKB N (quanto
NBJPSGPSPUBORVFOPTJTUFNBFYUFOTJWP NFMIPSÊBQSPEVÉÈP
r /PDPOUFYUPBDUVBM SFDPNFOEBTFBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFUBORVFTSFDUBOHVMBSFTDPNVNBÃSFB
NÎOJNBEFN&TUFTQPEFNBMDBOÉBSVNBQSPEVÉÈPEFQFJYFEF,HOVNDJDMP
EFNFTFT
A água deve ter 1 m do lado menos fundoQBSBGBDJMJUBSBESFOBHFNEPUBORVFFBDBQUVSBEPQFJYF
FNDSJBÉÈP PUBORVFEFWFTFSMJHFJSBNFOUFNBJTJODMJOBEPOPMBEPPOEFFTUÃTJUVBEPPUVCPEF
ESFOBHFNFBQSPGVOEJEBEFEBQBSUFNBJTGVOEBEFWFBMDBOÉBSNBJTEF B NFUSPT
d) Tipos de tanques de terra
Tanques escavados mTÈPDPOTUSVÎEPTFNÃSFBTQMBOBTSFUJSBOEPTFPTPMP0OÎWFMEBÃHVBñDBBCBJYP

EPOÎWFMPSJHJOBMEPTPMP
5BORVFTOJWFMBEPTmTÈPDPOTUSVÎEPTFNEFTDJEBT0TPMPEPMBEPTVQFSJPSÊDBWBEPFVTBEPQBSBDPOTUSVJS
VNBCBSSFJSBOPMBEPNBJTCBJYP
5BORVF DPN 1SPUFDÉÈP m QBSB B TFHVSBOÉB EP QFTTPBM RVF WBJ HFSJS PT UBORVFT SFDPNFOEBTF B
DPMPDBÉÈPEVNBWFEBÉÈPBPSFEPSEPUBORVF
e) Vantagens e Desvantagens dos Tanques de Terra
7BOUBHFOT
r #BJYPDVTUPEFQSPEVÉÈP
r 0DPSSËODJBEBQSPEVÉÈPQSJNÃSJB
r 1PTTJCJMJEBEFEFBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEBÃHVBEPTUBORVFTQFMBBHSJDVMUVSB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFUSBUBNFOUPEFFóVFOUFT
%FTWBOUBHFOT
r /PTUBORVFTDPNQPQVMBÉ×FTEFBNCPTTFYPT ÊDPNVNBPDPSSËODJBEFSFQSPEVÉÈPNFTNP
BOUFTEFTFBUJOHJSPUBNBOIPDPNFSDJBM
r 3ÃQJEPTVQFSQPWPBNFOUP
r $PNQFUJÉÈPQFMPFTQBÉP PYJHÊOJPFBMJNFOUP
VII. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES

a) Formato e dimensões das gaiolas flutuantes
+ÃTFDPOIFDFBDJSDVOTUÄODJBFNRVFTFDPOTUSÓJPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB FOUSFUBOUP RVBOEPOÈPTFUFN
15
TPMP BQSPQSJBEP QBSB B DPOTUSVÉÈP EFTTFT UBORVFT F FTUÃTF FN QSFTFOÉB EF NBTTBT EF ÃHVBT DPN
QSPGVOEJEBEFTTVQFSJPSFTBDJODPNFUSPT QPEFTFDPMPDBSBQPTTJCJMJEBEFEFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFFNHBJPMBT
óVUVBOUFT
"THBJPMBTTÈPVOJEBEFTEFDSJBÉÈPGFJUBTEFSFEF HFSBMNFOUFOBTGPSNBTSFDUBOHVMBSPVDJSDVMBS BCFSUB
OPUPQPÊNBOUJEBOBTVQFSGÎDJF BUSBWÊTEPVTPEFóVUVBEPSFTBKVTUBEPT TFHVSBOPGVOEPDPNPBVYÎMJP
EFÄODPSBTQPEFOEPTFSDPOTUSVÎEBDPNNBUFSJBJTTJNQMFTDPNPNBEFJSBPVCBNCV PVNBJTTPñTUJDBEBT
DPNPFTUSVUVSBTNFUÃMJDBTPVQMÃTUJDBT
"DSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFTFNUBORVFTSFEFPVHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT BDUVBMNFOUFQSBUJDBEB ÊVNBEBTNFMIPSFT
GPSNBTEFBQSPWFJUBSSBDJPOBMNFOUFPTSFDVSTPTIÎESJDPTEJTQPOÎWFJT TFKBSJP MBHPPVSFQSFTB
"JOUFOTBSFOPWBÉÈPEBÃHVBOPJOUFSJPSEBTHBJPMBTQSPQPSDJPOBBMUBQSPEVUJWJEBEFEFQFJYFT
" FTDPMIB EB FTQÊDJF PT DVJEBEPT DPN ÃHVB OÎWFM EF PYJHÊOJP USBOTQBSËODJB F UFNQFSBUVSB
F B
BMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTTÈPPTQSJODJQBJTGBDUPSFTQBSBPCPNEFTFNQFOIPEBQSPEVÉÈPOFTUFTJTUFNB
" FTDPMIB EP MPDBM EFWF SFDBJS FN HSBOEFT NBTTBT EF ÃHVB QPSRVF PGFSFDFN NBJPS HBSBOUJB EF
RVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBNFOPSóVUVBÉÈPEBUFNQFSBUVSB
"QSPGVOEJEBEFJEFBMEFTTBNBTTBEFÃHVBEFWFSÃPTDJMBSFOUSFPTN QPJTQFSNJUFVNBNFMIPS
EJTQFSTÈP EPT SFTÎEVPT
&OUSFUBOUP SFDPNFOEBTF VNB QSPGVOEJEBEF TVQFSJPS B N FOUSF B QBSUF EF
CBJYPEBHBJPMBFPGVOEPEBNBTTBEFÃHVB
C
Construção de uma Gaiola Flutuante
0DVMUJWPEFQFJYFTFNUBORVFTSFEFPVHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFTSFRVFSRVFPTNBUFSJBJTVTBEPTOBTNBMIBTF
OBTFTUSVUVSBTEFTVTUFOUBÉÈPFEFóVUVBÉÈPUFOIBNBTTFHVJOUFTDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTCÃTJDBT
r 1FSNJUJSUSPDBFñDJFOUFEFÃHVBFOUSFBHBJPMBDPNPBNCJFOUF
r 3FTJTUËODJBÆDPSSPTÈP
r 3FTJTUËODJBNFDÄOJDB
r #BJYPDVTUP
r %FWFTFSPNBJTMFWFQPTTÎWFM GBDJMJUBOEPPEFTMPDBNFOUPFNBOVTFBNFOUP
r .BUFSJBMOÈPDPSUBOUFQBSBOÈPDBVTBSGFSJNFOUPTPVTUSFTTBPTQFJYFT
r 1FSNJUBBTBÎEBEPTEFKFDUPTQSPEV[JEPTQFMPTQFJYFT
&YJTUFN WÃSJPT UJQPT EF HBJPMBT F WBSJBN CBTJDBNFOUF RVBOUP Æ GPSNB EB FTUSVUVSB RVBESBEBT
SFDUBOHVMBSFTFSFEPOEBT
FRVBOUPÆÃSFBÙUJMQBSBPDVMUJWP
"THBJPMBTTÈPDPNQPTUBTQPSQBSUFTEJTUJOUBT BTBCFS
r "FTUSVUVSBóVUVBOUF
r 0TBDPEFSFEF PVBHBJPMBQSPQSJBNFOUFEJUB

r 0TJTUFNBEFBODPSBHFN
"TFTUSVUVSBTVUJMJ[BEBTQBSBBBSNBÉÈPEFVNBHBJPMBTÈPHFSBMNFOUFDPOTUSVÎEBTVTBOEPUVCPT QFSñTF
CBSSBTNFUÃMJDBT POEFTÈPQSFTPTPTóVUVBEPSFTFBTNBMIBT
0T NBUFSJBJT NBJT VTBEPT QBSB B DPOGFDÉÈP EBT NBMIBT QPEFN TFS óFYÎWFJT SFEFT EF NVMUJñMBNFOUP
SFWFTUJEBT PV OÈP EF 17$ DPN NBMIBT EJWFSTBT DPN PV TFN OÓT PV PVUSPT NBUFSJBJT SFTJTUFOUFT Æ
16
DPSSPTÈP SFEFTEFOZMPO
PVSÎHJEPT QMÃTUJDP BÉPHBMWBOJ[BEPSFWFTUJEPEF17$EFBMUBBEFSËODJB BÉP
JOPYJEÃWFM FUD
JNQPSUBOUFTBMJFOUBSRVFPBNCJFOUFPOEFBHBJPMBWBJTFSQPTJDJPOBEBWBJEFUFSNJOBS
PUJQPEFNBUFSJBMBTFSVUJMJ[BEPOBDPOGFDÉÈPEBSFEFFPUBNBOIPEBNFTNB
&TUF TJTUFNB EF DVMUJWP HFSBMNFOUF BUSBJ PVUSBT FTQÊDJFT FN CVTDB EF BMJNFOUP FTQFDJBMNFOUF BT
DBSOÎWPSBT RVF QPEFN DBVTBS SPNQJNFOUP EB SFEF %FQFOEFOEP EP UBNBOIP QPEFN DBVTBS MFT×FT
TFWFSBTOPTQFJYFTFNDVMUJWP PVFOUSBSOBTHBJPMBTOBTVBGPSNBKPWFN EFJYBOEPPTQFJYFTFNDVMUJWP
DPNFMFWBEPHSBVEFTUSFTT
0ñPEBSFEFSFDPNFOEÃWFMÊEFPVNN OPDBTPEPTUBORVFTSFEFCFSÉÃSJPT PVBMFWJOBHFN
FEF
BNN FNUBORVFTSFEFQBSBUJMÃQJBTFNGBTFEFFOHPSEB
1BSBFWJUBSRVFBHBJPMBTFNPWBQPSFGFJUPEFPOEBT WFOUPTPVDPSSFOUFTEBTÃHVBT QPEFSÃTFSNPOUBEP
VNTJTUFNBEFBODPSBHFNDPNPVTPEFDPSEBEFQPMJFUJMFOP PVDPSSFOUFNFUÃMJDBBRVBMTFQSFOEFVNB
ÄODPSB RVFQPEFTFSTVCTUJUVÎEBQPSQFESBTFOWPMWJEBTFNSFEFEFUVCBSÈP PVCMPDPTEFDJNFOUPDPN
uma malha de ferro por dentro, entre outros.
c) Vantagens e Desvantagens das Gaiolas Flutuantes
7BOUBHFOT
r -JWSFDJSDVMBÉÈPEBÃHVB
r .FOPSWBSJBÉÈPEPTQBSÄNFUSPTGÎTJDPRVÎNJDPTEBÃHVBEVSBOUFBDSJBÉÈP
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFSFEV[JEBNÈPEFPCSB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFPCTFSWBÉÈPEPTBOJNBJTFNDSJBÉÈP
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFVNBJOUFSWFOÉÈPJNFEJBUB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFQFTDBEPQFJYF
r $POUSPMPEFSFQSPEVÉÈP GBDJMJUBEP
r .FMIPSRVBMJEBEFQBSBPNFSDBEP
r /ÈP PDPSSËODJB EF SFQSPEVÉÈP QFSNJUJOEP RVF PT QFJYFT BMDBODFN SBQJEBNFOUF P UBNBOIP
comercial.
%FTWBOUBHFOT
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFóVYPDPOTUBOUFEFÃHVBBUSBWÊTEBTSFEFT
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFGPSOFDJNFOUPEFBMJNFOUBÉÈPBSUJñDJBMQBSBSFGPSÉBSPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM
r 1PSDBVTBEBBMUBEFOTJEBEFPTQFJYFTFTUÈPNBJTTVTDFQUÎWFJTÆTEPFOÉBTFJOGFDÉ×FT
r 1PTTJCJMJEBEFEFJOUSPEVÉÈPEFEPFOÉBTFPVQFJYFTOPBNCJFOUF QSFKVEJDBOEPBQPQVMBÉÈP
OBUVSBM
r 3JTDPEFSPNQJNFOUPEBSFEFEBHBJPMBFGVHBEPQFJYF
r 4VKFJÉÈPEPQFJYFBPWBOEBMJTNP
r "MHVNNBUFSJBMQBSBBDPOTUSVÉÈPQPEFTFSEJTQFOEJPTP
r .BJPSFYQPTJÉÈPBPTQSFEBEPSFT
.VJUPTGBDUPSFTJOóVFODJBNBDBQBDJEBEFEFTVTUFOUBÉÈP EFTFNQFOIPFTPCSFWJWËODJBEPTQFJYFTFN
17
HBJPMBT TFOEPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTVDFTTPEPDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT OPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP
r "RVBMJEBEFEBÃHVB UFNQFSBUVSB UFPSEFPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP Q)FDPODFOUSBÉÈPEFBNÓOJB

r "QSPGVOEJEBEF OPNÎOJNP EFWFTFSTVQFSJPSBNFOUSFPGVOEPEBHBJPMBFPQJTP

r "WFMPDJEBEFEBDPSSFOUFEFÃHVB DPSSFOUFTEFBDNT

r "TEJNFOT×FTEBHBJPMB
r 0GPSNBUPEBHBJPMB EFQSFGFSËODJBRVBESBEBTFSFDUBOHVMBSFT QPJTBTDJSDVMBSFTQFSNJUFNVN
NFOPSóVYPJOUFSOPEFÃHVB

r "BMJNFOUBÉÈP
r "EFOTJEBEFEFQPWPBNFOUP
"T FMFWBEBT UBYBT EF QPWPBNFOUP EFTUF TJTUFNB TÈP EFQFOEFOUFT EF SBÉÈP EF BMUP WBMPS OVUSJDJPOBM
QPJTPTQFJYFTFTUÈPFNBNCJFOUFGFDIBEP PRVFOÈPQFSNJUFPBDFTTPBPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM"TSBÉ×FT
EFWFSÈPQFSNJUJSVNBDPOWFSTÈPBMJNFOUBSBEFRVBEB QPJTPTDVTUPTDPNBBMJNFOUBÉÈPQPEFNDIFHBSB
EPTDVTUPTUPUBJTEFQSPEVÉÈP&TTFFMFWBEPDVTUP ÊPDBTJPOBEPQFMPTTFHVJOUFTGBDUPSFT
r ©RVBMJEBEFTVQFSJPSEBTSBÉ×FT NBJPSTVQPSUFEFOVUSJFOUFT QSJODJQBMNFOUFQSPUFÎOBBMUB
EJHFTUJCJMJEBEF FOUSFPVUSPT

r .BJPSRVBOUJEBEFEFSBÉÈPBTFSPGFSFDJEBQBSBTBUJTGB[FSBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEPTQFJYFT
r "FTQFDJñDJEBEFEBSBÉÈPQBSBBFTQÊDJFBTFSDSJBEBF
r "FTQFDJñDJEBEFEBSBÉÈPQBSBDBEBGBTFEFDSJBÉÈP BMFWJOPT KVWFOJT FOHPSEB
0VUSPGBDUPSJNQPSUBOUFÊPDPOIFDJNFOUPEBTDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTñTJPMÓHJDBTFEPTIÃCJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEPT
QFJYFT QPJTEFTTBNBOFJSBÊQPTTÎWFMTFMFDDJPOBSBTFTQÊDJFTDPNQPUFODJBMQBSBDBEBUJQPEFTJTUFNBEF
QSPEVÉÈP1BSBPDVMUJWPFNHBJPMBT TÈPDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTGVOEBNFOUBJT
r 5BYBEFDSFTDJNFOUPFMFWBEBFCPNSFOEJNFOUPEFDBSDBÉB
r 7BSJFEBEFTEPNFTUJDBEBT
r 5PMFSÄODJBBPNBOVTFBNFOUPFSFTJTUËODJBBEPFOÉBT
r "EBQUBCJMJEBEFBPTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈP
r "DFJUBÉÈPOPNFSDBEP
18
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
CAIAGEM, FERTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA NOS TANQUES E
POVOAMENTO
Módulo 3
$BJBHFN 'FSUJMJ[BÉÈPEB¦HVBOPT5BORVFTF1PWPBNFOUP
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
*m*OUSPEVÉÈP
**m$BJBHFNEPTUBORVFT
***m'FSUJMJ[BOUFTPSHÄOJDPT JOPSHÄOJDPTFNJTUPTVTBEPTFNBRVBDVMUVSB
*7m0QPWPBNFOUPEPTUBORVFTFHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
19
20
I – INTRODUÇÃO
"TTJN DPNP OB BHSJDVMUVSB B ÃHVB EB QJTDJDVMUVSB EFWF QPTTVJS WBMPSFT ÓQUJNPT EF TFVT QBSÄNFUSPT
RVÎNJDPTFCJPMÓHJDPTQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVÃUJDPT ñUPQMÄODUPOF[PPQMÄODUPO

nela presentes.
"T QMBOUBT UËN JNQPSUBOUF GVOÉÈP EF BCTPSÉÈP EF HÃT DBSCÓOJDP EJTTPMWJEP OB ÃHVB P RVBM Ê UÓYJDP
BPTQFJYFT OBBMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTFOBQSPUFDÉÈPEBTMBSWBTFBMFWJOPT&TUBTQSPNPWFNUBNCÊNP
TPNCSFBNFOUP EJNJOVJÉÈPEBFWBQPSBÉÈPFTVTUFOUBÉÈPBPTPWPTEFBMHVNBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT
II – CAIAGEM DOS TANQUES

"DBJBHFNÊVNBQSÃUJDBUÈPOFDFTTÃSJBQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBDPNPQBSBBHSJDVMUVSB&TUBQSÃUJDBÊBQSJODJQBM
UÊDOJDBQBSBNFMIPSBSBRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBEPTUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTFNTPMPTÃDJEPT 7JEBM+ÙOJPS

"QSPEVÉÈPEFQMÄODUPO QSJODJQBMNFOUFPñUPQMÄODUPOEFQFOEFEPTOVUSJFOUFTPSHÄOJDPTFJOPSHÄOJDPT
RVFQPEFTFSBVNFOUBEBPVEJNJOVÎEBBUSBWÊTEFUÊDOJDBTEFGFSUJMJ[BÉÈPPVDBJBHFN SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF
SFDPNFOEBEBBVUJMJ[BÉÈPNPEFSBEBEBDBMOPGVOEPEPTUBORVFT
PlânctonmÊPDPOKVOUPEFUPEPTPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVÃUJDPTNJOÙTDVMPTJODBQB[FTEFWFODFSFNDPSSFOUFT
"TVBMPDPNPÉÈPQPSDPOUBQSÓQSJBÊNVJUPQFRVFOB
01MÄODUPOTVCEJWJEFTFFNEPJTHSBOEFTHSVQPT
FitoplânctonTFSFTWFHFUBJTDPNQPTUPTEFBMHBTNJDSPTDÓQJDBT DPNP QPSFYFNQMP BTBMHBTWFSEFT PT
EJOPóBHFMBEPT FUD
ZooplânctonTFSFTBOJNBJTDPNQPTUPTQPSNJDSPDSVTUÃDFPT DPQÊQPEPT SPUÎGFSPT FUD
0VTPEFDPSSFDUJWPTFNUBORVFTEFQJTDJDVMUVSBUFNBñOBMJEBEFEFBVNFOUBSPTWBMPSFTEPQ)EBÃHVB
FEPTPMPEPUBORVFRVFEJNJOVJBBDJEF[FBVNFOUBBBMDBMJOJEBEF"BDJEF[NBJTCBJYBUPSOBBÃHVBNBJT
QSPQÎDJBBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFQMÄODUPORVFTFSWJSÃEFBMJNFOUPQBSBPTQFJYFT
&TUB DPSSFDÉÈP UBNCÊN QPEF BTTVNJS GVOÉ×FT EF EFTJOGFDÉÈP QBSB B FMJNJOBÉÈP EPT PWPTMBSWBT EF
QSFEBEPSFTFQBSBTJUBTFDPSSFDÉÈPEBUVSCJEF[DBVTBEBQFMBNJOFSBMJ[BÉÈPEBNBUÊSJBPSHÄOJDB
0QSPEVUPSFDPNFOEBEPOFTUBPQFSBÉÈPQBSBUBORVFTQPWPBEPTÊPDBMDÃSJPBHSÎDPMB EPMPNÎUJDPPV
DBMDÎUJDP
"DBMWJSHFNFBIJESBUBEBTÈPSFDPNFOEBEBTBQFOBTQBSBUBORVFTBJOEBTFNQFJYFT
/PDBTPEFIBWFSEJñDVMEBEFTOBBRVJTJÉÈPEFDBMWJWB BDJO[BEFWFHFUBJTUBNCÊNQPEFTFSVTBEB
%FQPJTEBBQMJDBÉÈPEBDBMWJWB EFWFTFFTQFSBSEFVNBBEVBTTFNBOBT BOUFTEFTFDPMPDBSPTQFJYFT
III – FERTILIZANTES ORGÂNICOS, INORGÂNICOS E MISTOS USADOS EM

AQUACULTURA.
3.1. Porquê devemos fertilizar o nosso tanque?

2VBOEPTFBEVCBPTPMPEFVNBIPSUBPVNBDIBNCBFTUÈPBDPMPDBSTFBÎOVUSJFOUFTRVFBTQMBOUBT
necessitam para o seu desenvolvimento.
/BÃHVBEPTUBORVFTBDPOUFDFPNFTNP2VBOEPTFGFSUJMJ[BPUBORVF JODPSQPSBNTFNBJTOVUSJFOUFT
DPNPPGÓTGPSP QPUÃTTJP DÃMDJP NBHOÊTJPOBÃHVB"TTJN PUBORVFGÊSUJMQSPEV[NVJUPQMÄODUPO QBSBP
21
QFJYF
3.2. Fertilização do tanque, antes do povoamento
6NBTFNBOBEFQPJTEBDBJBHFN PUBORVFFTUÃQSPOUPQBSBSFDFCFSBÃHVB4FHVFTFEFQPJTBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
EPUBORVF QBSBRVFTFEËJOÎDJPÆGPSNBÉÈPOBUVSBMEPQMÄODUPO
1BSB GFSUJMJ[BS P UBORVF QPEFTF VTBS FTUSVNF seco/curtido EF BOJNBJT DPNP HBMJOIBT QBUPT CPJT
DBCSJUPT PVBEVCPPVGFSUJMJ[BOUFDPNQPTUP
0FTUFSDPEFHBMJOIBTFQBUPTTÈPNFMIPSFTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB TFHVJEPEPEFTVÎOPTFQPSÙMUJNPEF
CPWJOPT
2VJO[FEJBTEFQPJTEFGFSUJMJ[BSPUBORVF KÃTFDPNFÉBBUFSBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMQBSBPQFJYF%FQPJTEF
BQSPYJNBEBNFOUFVNNËT BÃHVBñDBSÃCFNWFSEF
¦HVBWFSEF TJHOJñDBRVFIÃNBJTBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMOPUBORVFFPTQFJYFTDSFTDFSÈPNBJTSBQJEBNFOUF
Atenção P BEVCP PV GFSUJMJ[BOUF PSHÄOJDP EFWF TFS BQMJDBEP DPN DSJUÊSJP QBSB FWJUBS
DPOUBNJOBÉÈPFQPMVJÉÈPEBÃHVBFDPNQSPNFUJNFOUPEPQSPEVUPñOBM
/FN TFNQSF VN QSPEVUPS UFN HSBOEF EJTQPOJCJMJEBEF EF FTUSVNF /FTTFT DBTPT QPEFTF VTBS PT
fertilizantes químicosRVFUBNCÊNBKVEBNOBQSPEVÉÈPEPQMÄODUPO0UJQPFRVBOUJEBEFTBTFSFN
BQMJDBEPT JTPMBEBNFOUF WËNJOEJDBEPTOBUBCFMBNBJTBCBJYP
5BCFMB'FSUJMJ[BÉÈPPSHÄOJDBFJOPSHÄOJDB"/5&4EPQPWPBNFOUP POEFTFBQMJDBBQFOBTVNEFMFTFN
DBEBQSPDFTTPEFBEVCBÉÈP
Adubo orgânico kg/ha Referência
"WFT
4VÎOPT
7JEBM+ÙOJPS
#PWJOPT
Adubo inorgânico kg/ha Referência

4VMGBUPEFBNÓOJP
7JEBM+ÙOJPS
Superfosfato simples 75
6TBOEPBQFOBTFTUSVNFEFTVÎOPT FTTFEFWFTFSNJTUVSBEPDPNBTTFHVJOUFTRVBOUJEBEFTEFGFSUJMJ[BOUFT
químicos.
5BCFMB'FSUJMJ[BÉÈPNJTUB"/5&4EPQPWPBNFOUP POEFTFBQMJDBBDPNCJOBÉÈPEPTUSËTDPNQPTUPTFN
simultâneo.
Fonte kg/ha Referência
&TUSVNFEFTVÎOP LH 7JEBM+ÙOJPS
4VQFSGPTGBUPUSJQMP LH
4VMGBUPEFBNÓOJP LH
.BT PQSPEVUPSQPEFPQUBSUBNCÊNQPSQSPEV[JSPadubo composto1BSBUBM EFWFTFQSPDFEFSEP

TFHVJOUFNPEPUPEBTBTQMBOUBTWFSEFTDBQJOBEBTFOÈPVUJMJ[BEBT FSWBTEBOJOIBT
CFNDPNPUPEPTPT
22
EFTQFSEÎDJPTEBNBDIBNCBEFWFNTFSDPMPDBEPTOVNCVSBDPQSFWJBNFOUFBCFSUPQBSBPFGFJUP
%FQPJTEPCVSBDPFTUBSDIFJP UBQBTFDPNUFSSBFEFJYBTFEFDPSSFSPQSPDFTTPEFEFDPNQPTJÉÈP%FQPJT
EFBMHVOTNFTFT FTTBTQMBOUBTFPVUSPTEFTQFSEÎDJPTFOUFSSBEPTGPSNBNVNBNBTTBFTDVSB PBEVCP
DPNQPTUP
RVFEFWFSÃTFSEJTUSJCVÎEBOPGVOEPEPUBORVF BOUFTEFFODIËMPDPNÃHVB"WBOUBHFN
EFTUBBEVCBÉÈPÊEFTFUSBUBSEFVNNÊUPEPQSÃUJDPFCBSBUP
3.3. Fertilização do tanque, depois do povoamento
1BSBHBSBOUJSBNBOVUFOÉÈPEBDPMPSBÉÈPWFSEFOPUBORVF EFWFTFBEJDJPOBSPBEVCPPSHÄOJDP QFMP
NFOPTVNBWF[QPSTFNBOB*NQPSUBSFGFSJSRVFNFTNPVNUBORVFUFOEPBBOPTEFVTP FMFOÈPUFN
DPOEJÉ×FTEFQSPEV[JSPQMÄODUPOOBUVSBMNFOUFTFNBiBKVEBuEBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
a) Adubação ou fertilização orgânica (COLOCAR UM DELES)
5BCFMB "EVCBÉÈP PSHÄOJDB QBSB NBOVUFOÉÈP POEF Ê BQMJDBEP BQFOBT VN UJQP EF BEVCP FN DBEB
QSPDFTTPEFBEVCBÉÈP
Adubo orgânico kg/há/semana
"WFT
4VÎOPT
#PWJOPT
Vantagens da adubação orgânica
"QJTDJDVMUVSBEFTFNQFOIBVNQBQFMJNQPSUBOUFOPNFJPBNCJFOUFBPVUJMJ[BSPFTUSVNFEPTBOJNBJT
para fertilizar os tanques.
4FGPSFNPCFEFDJEBTBTPSJFOUBÉ×FTUÊDOJDBTRVBOUPÆTRVBOUJEBEFTEFFTUSVNFBTFSFNDPMPDBEBTOPT
UBORVFT BTCBDUÊSJBTFYJTUFOUFTOBÃHVBJSÈPEFHSBEBSPFTUSVNFFFMFTUSBOTGPSNBSTFÈPFNOVUSJFOUFT
OFDFTTÃSJPTQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPñUPQMÄODUPO
"TTJN FNWF[EPTFYDSFNFOUPTEPTBOJNBJTJSFNEJSFDUBNFOUFQBSBPTDVSTPTEFÃHVB QSJNFJSPFMFT
QBTTBNQFMPTUBORVFTEFQJTDJDVMUVSB POEFTFSÈPEFHSBEBEPT QBSBTÓEFQPJTQBTTBSFNQBSBPTDVSTPT
EFÃHVB%FTUBGPSNBBÃHVBTBJNVJUPNBJTMJNQB QSFKVEJDBOEPNFOPTPNFJPBNCJFOUF
C
Adubação Química (COLOCAR UM DELES)
5BCFMB "EVCBÉÈP RVÎNJDB QBSB NBOVUFOÉÈP POEF Ê BQMJDBEP BQFOBT VN UJQP EF BEVCP FN DBEB
QSPDFTTPEFBEVCBÉÈP
Adubo inorgânico kg/ha Adição de ureia (g)
4VQFSGPTGBUP5SJQMP 10
B
4VQFSGPTGBUP4JNQMFT 10
B
/1,
B
c) Adubação mista
1BSB B BEVCBÉÈP NJTUB EFWFTF VTBS NFUBEF EF GFSUJMJ[BÉÈP PSHÄOJDB NBJT B NFUBEF EPT GFSUJMJ[BOUFT
RVÎNJDPT JOEJDBEPTOBTUBCFMBTBDJNB FOVODBOBTEPTBHFOTUPUBJTEFDBEBVNB
Observação:TFPQSPEVUPSUJWFSEJWFSTPTUJQPTEFFTUSVNF EFWFSÃTFNQSFRVFQPTTÎWFMNJTUVSÃMPTFN
EPTFTQSPQPSDJPOBJT QBSBBQMJDBÉÈPOPUBORVF*TUPQFSNJUFVNNFMIPSBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEPTNFTNPTOB
23
QSPEVÉÈPEBQSPEVUJWJEBEFOBUVSBMEPUBORVF
"GSFRVËODJBEFBQMJDBÉÈPEFQFOEFEBUSBOTQBSËODJBEBÃHVB4FNQSFRVFDPMPDBSBNÈPEFOUSPEBÃHVB
EPUBORVFFDPOTFHVJSWFSPTEFEPT EFWFSFQFUJSBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
3.4 Métodos de aplicação do adubo
&YJTUFNWÃSJBTNBOFJSBTEFBEVCBSVNUBORVFEFQJTDJDVMUVSB"GPSNBEFDPMPDBSPFTUSVNFOPUBORVF
pode ser DIRECTA ou INDIRECTA.
a) Forma indirecta ou horizontaMmÊRVBOEPBGPOUFEFBEVCPT BWJÃSJPT FTUÃCVMPT DVSSBJT
FTUÃ
BGBTUBEBEPUBORVFFPFTUSVNFUFNEFTFSMFWBEPBUÊPUBORVF
Exemplos:
r 0FTUSVNFEPTDVSSBJTQPEFTFSDBOBMJ[BEPQBSBPTUBORVFTEVSBOUFBMBWBHFN
r 1BSBUBORVFTQFRVFOPT BN
FOÈPNVJUPBGBTUBEPTEPDVSSBM QPEFTFVTBSVN
SFHBEPS DPNGVSPTNBJPSFT
QBSBFTQBMIBSPFTUSVNFEJMVÎEP
0FTUSVNFEJMVÎEPFNÃHVBÊVNBEBTNFMIPSFTNBOFJSBTEFBEVCBSFQPEFTFSEJTUSJCVÎEPQPSNFJPEF
aspersores (para tanques maiores).
r 0FTUSVNFEFBWJÃSJPTEFWJEBNFOUFTFQBSBEPEBTFSSBEVSBQPEFTFS
m-BOÉBEPQPSUPEPPUBORVFOBBEVCBÉÈPBOUFTEPQPWPBNFOUPPV
m/PTDPNFEPSFTQBSBTFHVJNFOUPEBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP PV
– Em sacos especiais dentro do tanque.
" GPSNB JOEJSFDUB PV IPSJ[POUBM EF BEVCBÉÈP UFN B WBOUBHFN EF QFSNJUJS B BEJÉÈP PV TVTQFOTÈP EB
NFTNBTFNQSFRVFOFDFTTÃSJPNBT UFNBEFTWBOUBHFNEFOFDFTTJUBSEFVNTJTUFNBEFUVCBHFNQBSB
DBOBMJ[BSPFTUSVNFEJMVÎEPBUÊBPUBORVF
C
Forma directa ou verticalmRVBOEPPFTUSVNFEPTBOJNBJTÊMBOÉBEPEJSFDUBNFOUFOB
ÃHVBEPWJWFJSP
Exemplos:
r $POTUSVÉÈPEFDBQPFJSBTUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFQPSDJNBEPUBORVF
r "DFTTPEFQPSDPTFQBUPTÆÃHVBEPTUBORVFT
" GPSNB EJSFDUB PV WFSUJDBM EF BEVCBÉÈP UFN B WBOUBHFN EF SFEV[JS B NÈPEFPCSB NBT UFN B
EFTWBOUBHFN EB OFDFTTJEBEF EF DPOTUSVÉÈP EF VNB DBQPFJSB QBUFJSB PV VN DVSSBM F EF PDPSSFS VN
FYDFTTPEFGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
0TDPNFEPVSPTEPTQBUPTEFWFNTFSFTQBMIBEPTOPJOUFSJPSEPUBORVFFOÈPFNUFSSB WJTUPRVFBSBÉÈP
RVFDBJSOBÃHVBQPEFTFSBQSPWFJUBEBQFMPTQFJYFTFQPEFDPOUSJCVJSQBSBBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈPEBÃHVB
IV – POVOAMENTO
O número adequado de alevinos para se povoar um viveiro depende de diversos factores. Os mais
JNQPSUBOUFTTÈP
r "RVBMJEBEFEPTPMPFEBÃHVB
24
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFBEVCPPSHÄOJDPFJOPSHÄOJDP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFTVCQSPEVUPTBHSÎDPMBT
r 3FDVSTPQBSBBRVJTJÉÈPEFSBÉÈP
r 5JQPEFDVMUJWPBEPQUBEPDPOTJEFSBOEPBQSPEVÉÈPGJOBMRVFEFTFKBPQJTDJDVMUPSPCUFS
DPNTFVTQFJYFT
4.1. Transporte dos Alevinos

0T BMFWJOPT BERVJSJEPT EFWFN UFS RVBMJEBEFT HFOÊUJDBT RVF HBSBOUBN FMFWBEB TPCSFWJWËODJB SÃQJEP
DSFTDJNFOUP BMDBODFEFNBJPSNBTTBDPSQPSBMFNSFMBÉÈPBPTQFJYFTOBUJWPT CFNDPNPNBJPSSFTJTUËODJB
às doenças.
0USBOTQPSUFEPTBMFWJOPTEPUBORVFEFPSJHFNQBSBPUBORVFEFEFTUJOPEFWFTFSFGFDUVBEPFNEJBTOÈP
NVJUPRVFOUFT EFQSFGFSËODJBOBTQSJNFJSBTIPSBTPVOPñNEPEJB/PUSBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFT ÊOFDFTTÃSJP
UFSTFFNBUFOÉÈPBMHVNBTSFHSBT
r 4FBEJTUÄODJBBQFSDPSSFSGPSDVSUBQPEFNTFVTBSCBMEFTEFMJUSPTQBSBUSBOTQPSUBSEF
BBMFWJOPTEVSBOUFEVBTIPSBT"DBEBIPSBTEFWFTFGB[FSBNVEBOÉBEBÃHVB
r 4FEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFNPSSFSFNBMHVOTQFJYFT FTUFTEFWFNTFSSFUJSBEPTEPTCBMEFT
r 4FPUSBOTQPSUFGPSEFNBJTUFNQP SFDPNFOEBTFRVFEFJYFFNKFKVNQPSQFMPNFOPT
IPSBTFTFKBNDPMPDBEPTHSEFQFJYFQPSMJUSPEFÃHVB%FWFNTFSVTBEPTTBDPTQMÃTUJDPT
SFTJTUFOUFT9DNDPNBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFMJUSPTEFÃHVBFMJUSPTEFPYJHÊOJP
4.2. Povoamento
"TPMUVSBEPTBMFWJOPTOPTUBORVFTEFFOHPSEB EFWFTFSGFJUBRVBOEPBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBEPTTBDPT
USBOTQPSUBEPSFT GPS JHVBM Æ EP UBORVF 1BSB UBM BOUFT EB TPMUVSB SFDPNFOEBTF RVF TF EFJYFN óVUVBS
PTTBDPTUSBOTQPSUBEPSFTOBÃHVBEPUBORVFQPSDFSDBEFBNJOVUPTBUÊRVFBTUFNQFSBUVSBTTF
JHVBMFN %FQPJT HSBEVBMNFOUF MJCFSUBNTF BT BMFWJOPT QBSB P UBORVF DVJEBOEP QBSB RVF OÈP TFKBN
causados danos físicos aos animais.
4FPPCKFDUJWPEPDVMUJWPGPSBQSPEVÉÈPEFBMFWJOPT
m $PMPDBNTFBNCPTPTTFYPTOPUBORVF QPSDBEBN).
m 6NUBORVFDPNNEFTVQFSGÎDJFQPEFSFDFCFSQFJYFT
1PSPVUSPMBEP TFPPCKFDUJWPEPDVMUJWPGPSBFOHPSEB
m 0JEFBMÊBERVJSJSUJMÃQJBTNBDIPSFWFSUJEBT N) (as fêmeas crescem menos e, quando
DPNFÉBNBTFSFQSPEV[JS DBVTBVNBTVQFSQPQVMBÉÈPOPTUBORVFT PRVFBVNFOUBBDPN
QFUJÉÈPBMJNFOUBS QSFKVEJDBOEPPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT

/BVUJMJ[BÉÈPEFHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFTQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFNBDIPTEFUJMÃQJBTÈPDPMPDBEPTBBMFWJOPTN
FNHBJPMBTEFWPMVNFNBJPSRVFN.
1BSBHBJPMBTQFRVFOBT NBJTFñDJFOUFTQPSVOJEBEFEFWPMVNFEFWJEPBNBJPSGBDJMJEBEFQBSBBUSPDBEF
ÃHVB
BUBYBEFQPWPBNFOUPQPEFDIFHBSBUÊBMFWJOPTN.
"QSPEVUJWJEBEFWBSJBEFBLHEFUJMÃQJBTN.
25
26
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO
Módulo 4
4JTUFNBTEF$SJBÉÈP
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
I – INTRODUÇÃO
II – SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO
m1JTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWB
m1JTDJDVMUVSBTFNJJOUFOTJWB
– Piscicultura intensiva
m1JTDJDVMUVSBTVQFSJOUFOTJWB
III – TÉCNICAS DE CRIAÇÃO
– Monocultura
– Policultura
m1JTDJDVMUVSB*OUFHSBEB
r3J[JQJTDJDVMUVSB
28
I – INTRODUÇÃO
0TTJTUFNBTEFDSJBÉÈPTÈPPTEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFDPOTUSVÉÈPFUPEBBEJOÄNJDBBNCJFOUBMEPTDBUJWFJSPT
RVFBMCFSHBNPTBNJNBJTBTFSFNDSJBEPT
*NQPSUBSFGFSJSRVFPQFJYF BPDPOUSÃSJPEPTPVUSPTBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFT QPEFTFSDSJBEPEFWÃSJBTNBOFJSBT
EJGFSFOUFT EFQFOEFOEPEBTDPOEJÉ×FTEBQSPQSJFEBEF UJQPEFBMJNFOUP FTQÊDJFDPOTJEFSBEBFBDFJUBÉÈP
de mercado.
"FTDPMIBEVNTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈP EFQFOEFEFGBDUPSFTUBJTDPNP
r $POEJÉ×FTñOBODFJSBTEPQSPEVUPS
r 1SPEVUJWJEBEFFTQFSBEB
r 5PQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP TFPUFSSFOPTFMFDDJPOBEPÊQMBOPPVBDJEFOUBEP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEBÃHVB
r 5FDOPMPHJBEJTQPOÎWFMPVBTFSVUJMJ[BEB
0TTJTUFNBTEFDSJBÉÈP DMBTTJñDBNTFFNFYUFOTJWPTFNJJOUFOTJWPJOUFOTJWPFTVQFSJOUFOTJWP
II – SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO
2.1 Piscicultura extensiva

&TUFUJQPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBDBSBDUFSJ[BTFQFMPTTFHVJOUFTBTQFDUPT
BDSJBÉÈPNBJTTJNQMFTFEFNFOPSFTEFTQFTBTQBSBPDSJBEPS RVFQPEFTFSQSBUJDBEBFNÃHVBT
GFDIBEBTBSUJGJDJBJTRVFGPSBNDPOTUSVÎEBTQBSBPVUSBGJOBMJEBEF QPSFYFNQMP QBSBBSNB[FOBS
ÃHVBQBSB JSSJHBÉÈP QBSB BCFCFSBNFOUP EF BOJNBJT FOFSHJB FMÊDUSJDB FUD " QJTDJDVMUVSB
FYUFOTJWBQPEFTFSQSBUJDBEBOBTMBHPBTOBUVSBJT QSFGFSFODJBMNFOUFBTQFRVFOBTFSBTBT CFN
DPNPFNPVUSBTÃSFBTJOVOEBEBTFGFDIBEBTDPNPPTHSBOEFTMBHPT
"BMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTÊEFQFOEFOUFFYDMVTJWBNFOUFEPTBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTQSPEV[JEPT
nos diferentes níveis tróficos da cadeia alimentar desse ecossistema. Ou seja, o produtor apenas
SFBMJ[BPQPWPBNFOUPJOJDJBMEPUBORVF OÈPGB[FOEPBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈPFOFNBMJNFOUBPTQFJYFTDPN
SBÉÈPPVPVUSPUJQPEFBMJNFOUP JOUFSGFSJOEPPNÎOJNPQPTTÎWFMOPTGBDUPSFTEFQSPEVUJWJEBEF
0TBOJNBJTEPNÊTUJDPTQPEFNUFSBDFTTPBPTUBORVFTFNCVTDBEFÃHVBFOBUVSBMNFOUF EFJYBN
DBJSTFVTFYDSFNFOUPT RVFGFSUJMJ[BNBÃHVB GBWPSFDFOEPBQSPEVÉÈPEFQFJYFT
(FSBMNFOUFPQSPEVUPSUFNEJñDVMEBEFTEFFGFDUVBSVNFTWB[JBNFOUPUPUBMEPUBORVF
'BMUBEFDPOUSPMPEBSFQSPEVÉÈPEPTBOJNBJTFNDSJBÉÈP
#BJYB EFOTJEBEF JOJDJBM EF QPWPBNFOUP HFSBMNFOUF EPJT QFJYFT QBSB DBEB NFUSP RVBESBEP

SFTVMUBOEPFNCBJYPTÎOEJDFTEFQSPEVUJWJEBEF RVFEJñDJMNFOUFVMUSBQBTTBNPTLHIBBOP
2.2 Piscicultura semi intensiva
29
&YJHFNBJTEFEFEJDBÉÈPQPSQBSUFEPDSJBEPS
0TDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈPTÈPNBJTFMFWBEPTEPRVFOVNTJTUFNBFYUFOTJWP
4JTUFNBSBDJPOBMFFDPOÓNJDPEFQSPEVÉÈPQPSJOUFHSBSTFQFSGFJUBNFOUFDPNBBHSJDVMUVSB
FYBSSP[
FQFDVÃSJB FYTVÎOPT BWFT
FSFDPNFOEBEPQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFTUSPQJDBJT
6OJEBEFEFQSPEVÉÈPEFWFTFSDPOTUSVÎEB
0T UBORVFT BQSFTFOUBN VNB NBJPS EFOTJEBEF EF QFJYFT FN NÊEJB EF B QFJYFT N)
QPJT RVBOUJEBEFTNBJPSFTQPEFNDBVTBSQSPCMFNBTOBQSPEVÉÈPFTBÙEFEPTQFJYFT
0TMVDSPTTÈPNBJPSFTRVFBQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWBFBQSPEVUJWJEBEFRVFQPEFDIFHBSBUPOIB
BOP
/PSNBMNFOUFTÈPGFJUBTWÃSJBTDBQUVSBTQBSDJBJTBPMPOHPEPBOPNBT BQPTTJCJMJEBEFEF
FTWB[JBNFOUPUPUBMQFSNJUFFGFDUVBSDBQUVSBTUPUBJT
0TUBORVFTEFWFNTFSTFDBEPTFFYQPTUPTBPTPMQPSBMHVOTEJBTQBSBOPGJNEFDBEBDJDMPEF
QSPEVÉÈP/PDBTPEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB FTUFQSPDFTTPEFWFTFSQFSJÓEJDP TFHVJEPEBDBJBHFN
SFDPNFOEBEBBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈPPSHÄOJDBPVRVÎNJDBEPTUBORVFT
)ÃOFDFTTJEBEFEFTFTVQMFNFOUBSBBMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFT(FSBMNFOUFFTUBTVQMFNFOUBÉÈPÊ
GFJUBDPNEFTQFSEÎDJPTPVFYDFEFOUFTBHSPQFDVÃSJPTQBSBRVFPTDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈPOÈPTFKB
FMFWBEP
"EFTWBOUBHFNEBQJTDJDVMUVSBTFNJJOUFOTJWBÊPQPVDPDPOUSPMPEBSFQSPEVÉÈPEPTBOJNBJT
2.3. Piscicultura Intensiva

$SJBÉÈPSFBMJ[BEBFNUBORVFTQSPKFDUBEPTFTQFDJBMNFOUFDPNPGJNEFTFBMDBOÉBSBMUPWBMPS
EFNFSDBEP
0T UBORVFT QPTTVFN TJTUFNB EF BCBTUFDJNFOUP F FTDPBNFOUP EF ÃHVB DPOUSPMBEPT F TÈP
QPWPBEPTDPNQFJYFTEFWBMPSDPNFSDJBM
"TUBYBTEFQPWPBNFOUPTÈPBMUBTFQSPHSBNBEBTEFBDPSEPDPNBTSFDPNFOEBÉ×FTQBSBVNB
DSJBÉÈPDPNFSDJBMEFBMUBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
1BSBBVNFOUBSPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFTVTBTFBMFWJOPTEFCPBRVBMJEBEF
1BSBBMÊNEBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP ÊGPSOFDJEBSBÉÈPCBMBODFBEBRVFQSPQPSDJPOBFMFWBEBDPOWFSTÈPBMJ
NFOUBSFDBQB[EFQSPNPWFSVNDSFTDJNFOUPSÃQJEP QBSBRVFBQSPEVÉÈPTFKBFDPOPNJDBNFOUF
WJÃWFM
"ENJOJTUSBÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTTVQMFNFOUBSFTÊPCSJHBUÓSJB
0TQBSÄNFUSPTMJHBEPTÆRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBDPNPPQ) UFNQFSBUVSB PYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP DPOEV
UJWJEBEF TBMJOJEBEF UVSCJEF[ TÓMJEPTUPUBJTEJTTPMWJEPT 54%
QSPGVOEJEBEFEBÃHVB QPUFODJBMEF
ÓYJEPSFEVÉÈP 03
EFWFNTFSNPOJUPSJ[BEPT
*OEJTQFOTÃWFMBVUJMJ[BÉÈPEFBFSBEPSFTQBSBFMFWBSPOÎWFMEFPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP
"QSFTFOUBVNBQSPEVUJWJEBEFFMFWBEB QPEFOEPVMUSBQBTTBSLHNBOP QFMPTJTUFNBSBDJPOBM
EFDVTUPFMFWBEP DPNNÈPEFPCSBFTQFDJBMJ[BEBFBMUPOÎWFMEFNFDBOJ[BÉÈP
30
2.4 Piscicultura Super Intensiva
BDSJBÉÈPNBJTEJTQFOEJPTBQPSRVFPQJTDJDVMUPSUFNEFGB[FSVNJOWFTUJNFOUPFMFWBEPQBSBJOJDJBS
a piscicultura.
QSBUJDBEPFNMPDBJTPOEFBÃHVBÊSFOPWBEBDPOTUBOUFNFOUFPVTFKB BÃHVBFOUSBFTBJJNFEJBUBNFOUF
do tanque.
" ÃHVB EF DSJBÉÈP OFTUF TJTUFNB UFN EF TFS EF FYDFMFOUF RVBMJEBEF MJWSF EF RVBMRVFS UJQP EF
SFTÎEVP NFUBCÓMJUPT QSJODJQBMNFOUFPBNPOÎBDP PVSFTUPTEFBMJNFOUPT
FDPNFMFWBEPUFPS
EFPYJHÊOJP
/BNBJPSQBSUFEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVÉÈPTÈPUBORVFTEFDJNFOUP EFQMÃTUJDPPVHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
UBNCÊNDPOIFDJEPTQPSUBORVFTSFEF

"EFOTJEBEFEFQPWPBNFOUPÊNVJUPFMFWBEB mQFJYFTFNDBEBNFUSPDÙCJDPEFHBJPMB
ou de tanque).
"ENJOJTUSBÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTTVQMFNFOUBSFTÊPCSJHBUÓSJB
"SBÉÈPJOEVTUSJBMJ[BEBÊPBMJNFOUPNBJTBEFRVBEPQBSBBFOHPSEBQPSTFSFNBMUBNFOUFCBMBODFBEPT
QSPUFÎOBT HPSEVSBT NJOFSBJT WJUBNJOBT F PVUSPT OVUSJFOUFT FN RVBOUJEBEF F RVBMJEBEF RVF
TBUJTGBÉBNBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEPTBOJNBJT
HBSBOUJOEPPDSFTDJNFOUPNÃYJNPEPTQFJYFT
/BQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWBPVTFNJJOUFOTJWBPTQFJYFTQPEFNBUÊEFJYBSEFSFDFCFSSBÉÈPFNBMHVNEJB
EBTFNBOBNBTFTTBQSÃUJDBOÈPÊSFDPNFOEÃWFMQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFOTJWBOFNOBTVQFSJOUFOTJWB
&NUPEPTPTUJQPTEFQJTDJDVMUVSB UPEPPFTGPSÉPÊGFJUPQBSBJNQFEJSBJOWBTÈPEFPSHBOJTNPTJOEFTFKÃWFJT
FYQFJYFTTFMWBHFOTRVFHFSBMNFOUFTÈPDBSOÎWPSPTFQPEFNQSFEBSPTQFJYFTEFDVMUJWP QBSBBMÊNEF
DPNQFUJSFNDPNPTQFJYFTEFDSJBÉÈPQPSBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTFDPOTVNJSFNWBMJPTPTBMJNFOUPTBSUJñDJBJT

DPMPDBOEPFNSJTDPBQPQVMBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTEFDSJBÉÈP
III – PRINCIPAIS TÉCNICAS DE CRIAÇÃO
3.1 Monocultura
PUJQPEFDSJBÉÈPRVFÊFOWPMWFBQFOBTVNBFTQÊDJFFOPSNBMNFOUFVUJMJ[BEBFNÃHVBTDPSSFOUFT
POEFFYJTUFMJNJUBÉÈPEFBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM/BNPOPDVMUVSBBBUFOÉÈPSFDBJTPCSFBCJPMPHJBEBFTQÊDJF
FBTUÊDOJDBTEFHFTUÈP JTUPÊ RVBOUPNBJPSGPSBEFOTJEBEF BOJNBJTÃSFB
NBJPSEFWFTFSBBUFOÉÈP
EBEBFÊNBJTSFDPNFOEBEBQBSBPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP
"NBJPSEFTWBOUBHFNEFTUBQSÃUJDBÊBTVCVUJMJ[BÉÈPEPTBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTOÈPDPOTVNJEPTQFMBFTQÊDJF
FTDPMIJEB QPSOÈPGB[FSQBSUFEPTFVIÃCJUPBMJNFOUBS$POTFRVFOUFNFOUF BQPMVJÉÈPPSHÄOJDBÊVN
EPTQSPCMFNBTEFTUFTJTUFNB
3.2 Policultura
$POTJTUFOBDSJBÉÈPEFEJGFSFOUFTFTQÊDJFTEFIÃCJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEJTUJOUPTPOEFÊGFJUPPBQSPWFJUBNFOUP
EPTEJGFSFOUFTOÎWFJTEFUSÓñDPTEFOUSPEPTUBORVFT BñNEFHBSBOUJSPBVNFOUPEBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
/FTUFUJQPEFTJTUFNBEFWFTFFTUBCFMFDFSOBEFOTJEBEFEPTUBORVFTBQSPQPSÉÈPSFMBUJWBEBTFTQÊDJFT
31
"QSPQPSÉÈPÊEFñOJEBUFOEPFNDPOUBFTQÊDJFQSJODJQBMPVTFDVOEÃSJBBTFSFNDSJBEBTCVTDBOEPVNB
NBJPS QSPEVUJWJEBEF 1PEFN TFS DSJBEBT KVOUBT QPS FYFNQMP B DBSQB DPNVN F B UJMÃQJB FOUSF PVUSBT
DPNCJOBÉ×FT
" QSPQPSÉÈP SFDPNFOEBEB Ê EF EF QFJYFT EF TVQFSGÎDJF UJMÃQJB DBSQB DBQJN
F P SFTUBOUF FOUSF
QFJYFTEFDPMVOBEFÃHVB DBSQBEFDBCFÉBHSBOEF
FEFGVOEP DBSQBDPNVN

3.3 Piscicultura Integrada

" QJTDJDVMUVSB QPEF TFS DPNCJOBEB DPN B QSÃUJDB EB BHSJDVMUVSB F B QFDVÃSJB P RVF QPEF DPOEV[JS
B VNB CPB VUJMJ[BÉÈP EF SFDVSTPT MPDBJT F SFTVMUBS FN BMUB QSPEVÉÈP F BMUPT MVDSPT " JOUFHSBÉÈP UFN
DPNPPCKFDUJWPPBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEBSBÉÈPOÈPEJHFSJEB EPTEFKFDUPTEPTBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFTDSJBEPTF
EFTQFSEÎDJPTEBBHSJDVMUVSBQBSBGFSUJMJ[BSBÃHVBEPTUBORVFT
0TBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFTTÈPDSJBEPTFNJOTUBMBÉ×FTBEKBDFOUFTBPTUBORVFTQBSBRVFPTFYDSFNFOUPTFPT
SFTUPTEFDPNJEBQPTTBNTFSBQSPWFJUBEPTEJSFDUBNFOUFQFMPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVÃUJDPT
6N QJTDJDVMUPS JTPMBEP PV BTTPDJBEP QPEF GB[FS B QJTDJDVMUVSB JOUFHSBEB UFOEP FN DPOUB P TFHVJOUF
FYFNQMPEFJOUFHSBÉÈPCFNTVDFEJEB
&YFNQMPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFHSBEBTVTUFOUÃWFM
r BUBORVFTmDPNBMFWJOPTDBEB
r 6NBDBQPFJSBmDPNQBUPT
r 6NBÃSFBEFYNFUSPTEFIPSUÎDPMBT
4BCFOEPRVFTFEFWFFTQFSBSOPNÎOJNPNFTFTQBSBTFFGFDUVBSBDBQUVSB TJHOJñDBRVF
r &NVNBOP QPEFGB[FSDBQUVSBTEFQFJYF
r 1PEFUFSUPOFMBEBEFQFJYF
r 4FEPTQBUPT GPSFNGËNFBTFNBDIPT FOUÈP
m6NBGËNFBQPEFUFSQPSNÊEJBQBUJOIPTFGËNFBTQPEFNUFSQBUJOIPTRVFQSFDJTBN
de 4 a 5 meses para crescer.
m4FQPSBOPVNBGËNFBUFNQPTUVSBT FOUÈPGËNFBTQPEFNEBSPSJHFNBQBUJOIPT
$PNPUFSSFOPGÊSUJM BQSPEVÉÈPEFBHSÎDPMBQPEFTFSQFSNBOFOUF UPEPPBOP
FBCVOEBOUF
3.3.2 A Rizipiscicultura
3J[JQJTDJDVMUVSBÊVNTJTUFNBBVUPTVTUFOUÃWFMEFUFDOPMPHJBMJNQBDBSBDUFSJ[BEPQFMBDSJBÉÈPDPOKVOUBPV
BMUFSOBEBEFBSSP[JSSJHBEPFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT TFNPVTPEFBHSPUÓYJDPT SFEV[JOEPPVTPEFNBRVJOBSJB
DPOTFSWBOEPPNFJPBNCJFOUF QSPQPSDJPOBOEPBVNFOUPEFSFOEBQPSÃSFBFDPOTUJUVJOEPTFOVNBEBT
GPSNBTNBJTSBDJPOBJTEFVUJMJ[BSVNNFJPBRVÃUJDPKÃFYJTUFOUF BQSPWFJUBOEPPQBSBPVUSPTñOT
"JOUFHSBÉÈPEPBSSP[DPNPQFJYFÊVNBBMUFSOBUJWBEFSFEVÉÈPEFDVTUPTEBMBWPVSBBSSP[FJSBQPSRVF
PQFJYFQSFQBSBPTPMPQBSBPQSÓYJNPDSJBÉÈPEPBSSP[JSSJHBEP SFDJDMBBNBUÊSJBPSHÄOJDBFDPOTPNF
TFNFOUFTEFQMBOUBTJOWBTPSBTDPOUJEBTOPTPMP DPNPBSSP[WFSNFMIPFPVUSBTQMBOUBTBRVÃUJDBT0QFJYF
UBNCÊNDPOTPNFMBSWBTEFJOTFDUPT TFNFOUFTEFBSSP[QFSEJEBTOBDBQUVSBFSFTUPTDVMUVSBJTEBMBWPVSB
RVFTÈPGPDPTEFGVOHPT
32
1BSBPCUFSUBJTSFTVMUBEPTTÈPVUJMJ[BEBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTRVFQPTTVFNIÃCJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEJGFSFODJBEPT
DPNPQPSFYFNQMPBTDBSQBT GBDJMJUBOEPBFYFDVÉÈPEFTUFUSBCBMIP
É importante mencionar que desde a fase inicial até a captura, os peixes não consomem as
plantas de arroz VNBWF[RVFRVBOEPPTBMFWJOPTTÈPDPMPDBEPT EJBTBQÓTBTFNFOUFJSBEPBSSP[

BTSBÎ[FTEPBSSP[KÃTFFODPOUSBNCFNQSPUFHJEBTQFMPTPMP&TTFTBMFWJOPTQPTTVFN OPSNBMNFOUF BUÊ
6 centímetros de comprimento.
0DVMUJWPEFQFJYFFNSJ[JQJTDJDVMUVSBJOJDJBOBÊQPDBEBGPSNBÉÈPEBOPWBMBWPVSB FNVNNPNFOUPEF
QPVDBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFSFDVSTPT"TTJN TFQPSVNMBEPFTUBQSÃUJDBSFEV[PTDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈP QPS
outro, incrementa a renda.
33
34
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
QUALIDADE DE ÁGUA E ALIMENTAÇÃO DOS PEIXES
CULTIVADOS
2VBMJEBEFEB¦HVBF"MJNFOUBÉÈPEPT1FJYFT$VMUJWBEPT
Módulo 5
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
I – INTRODUÇÃO
II – IMPORTÂNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE
III – OS PRINCIPAIS PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA
1BSÄNFUSPTGÎTJDPTRVÎNJDPTEBÃHVB
r5FNQFSBUVSB
r5SBOTQBSËODJB
rQ)
r0YJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP
r%JÓYJEPEFDBSCPOP
r4BJTEJTTPMWJEPT
r4ÓMJEPTTVTQFOTPT
r/JUSJUP
1BSÄNFUSPT#JPMÓHJDPTEBÃHVB
IV – ALIMENTAÇÃO DOS PEIXES DE ÁGUA DOCE
5JQPTEFBMJNFOUBÉÈPOBBRVBDVMUVSB
r"MJNFOUPOBUVSBM
r"MJNFOUPBSUJñDJBMPVTVQMFNFOUBS
– Suplementos nutricionais
5JQPTEFSBÉÈP
r'BSJOBEB
r(SBOVMBEB
35
36
I. INTRODUÇÃO
i*OEFQFOEFOUFNFOUFEBTDPOEJÉ×FTUPQPHSÃñDBT UBNBOIPEPUFSSFOP UJQPEFTPMP PRVFWBJEFñOJSP
NPEFMPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBFPNFMIPSTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈPBTFSJNQMBOUBEPÊBRVBOUJEBEFFBRVBMJEBEFEB
ÃHVBu )VFU

1BSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTBOJNBJTDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP FDPOTFRVFOUFNFOUFPCUFSTFVNBQSPEVÉÈP
FDPOPNJDBNFOUFWJÃWFM ÊOFDFTTÃSJPUFSVNDFSUPDPOUSPMPEBRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVB&NQJTDJDVMUVSBFTTB
RVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBTÊ OPSNBMNFOUF PTGBDUPSFTGÎTJDPT RVÎNJDPTFCJPMÓHJDPT
" UFNQFSBUVSB P PYJHÊOJP B TBMJOJEBEF F P Q) BDJEF[
TÈP EFUFSNJOBOUFT OP EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP F
TPCSFWJWËODJBEPTQFJYFT
.BT P TVDFTTP OB QJTDJDVMUVSB QBTTB UBNCÊN QFMB BENJOJTUSBÉÈP EF VNB BMJNFOUBÉÈP BEFRVBEB BPT
QFJYFT 1PS JTTP UPSOBTF JOEJTQFOTÃWFM P DPOIFDJNFOUP EPT IÃCJUPT BMJNFOUBSFT F OFDFTTJEBEFT
OVUSJDJPOBJTEPTQFJYFTQBSBBBEFRVBÉÈPEBSBÉÈPBTFSGPSOFDJEB WJTUPRVFBOVUSJÉÈPUFNFGFJUPEJSFDUP
OBTPCSFWJWËODJB OPDSFTDJNFOUPFOBSFQSPEVÉÈP
0IÃCJUPBMJNFOUBSGPSOFDFOPTVNBJEFJBEBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEFDBEBFTQÊDJF1PSFYFNQMP
QFJYFTDBSOÎWPSPTBQSPWFJUBNNFMIPSPTBMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNBOJNBM OFDFTTJUBOEPEFNBJPSDPOUFÙEP
QSPUÊJDPOBSBÉÈPEPRVFPTIFSCÎWPSPT RVBOEPDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP
4ÈP DPOTJEFSBEPT QSJODJQBJT OVUSJFOUFT BT QSPUFÎOBT PT DBSCPIJESBUPT F BT HPSEVSBT " FOFSHJB Ê VN
DPNQPOFOUF UBNCÊN OFDFTTÃSJP QBSB BT GVOÉ×FT WJUBJT EP QFJYF DPNP DSFTDJNFOUP MPDPNPÉÈP F
SFQSPEVÉÈP
1PSUBOUP PGPSOFDJNFOUPEFBMJNFOUPBEFRVBEPFNRVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFÊJNQPSUBOUFQBSBPTVDFTTP
da piscicultura.
II. IMPORTÂNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE

"ÃHVBÊPDPNQPTUPDPOTJEFSBEPDPNPBFTTËODJBEPQMBOFUBFEPNJOBQPSDPNQMFUPBDPNQPTJÉÈP
RVÎNJDBEPTTFSFTWJWPT BMÊNEFTFSPNFJPPOEFWJWFNPTQFJYFT6NBÃHVBCPBQBSBPQFTDBEPOFN
TFNQSFÊVNBÃHVBCPBQBSBCFCFSNPT"RVBOUJEBEFFBRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBTÈPVNGBDUPSQSFQPOEFSBOUF
QBSBPDSJBEPSEFDJEJSBFTQÊDJFEFQFJYFBTFSDSJBEB
/P EJNFOTJPOBNFOUP EF VN QSPKFDUP EFWF DPOTJEFSBSTF VNB WB[ÈP TVñDJFOUF QBSB FODIFS P NBJPS
UBORVFFNEJBT OPWFOUBFTFJTIPSBT FSFQPSBÃHVBQFSEJEBQFMPTQSPDFTTPTEFJOñMUSBÉÈPFFWBQPSBÉÈP
&TUBQFSEBEJÃSJBEFWFTFSEFDFSDBEFDN
" QJTDJDVMUVSB OFDFTTJUB EF ÃHVB QBSB FODIFS PT UBORVFT F DPNQFOTBS BT QFSEBT QPS FWBQPSBÉÈP F
JOñMUSBÉÈP "T QFSEBT QPS FWBQPSBÉÈP EFQFOEFN EPT GBDUPSFT DMJNÃUJDPT OPSNBMNFOUF UFNQFSBUVSB
JOTPMBÉÈP IVNJEBEFEPBS WFOUPTFUD$BTPIBKBEÊñDFEFPYJHÊOJP BUSPDBEFÃHVBEFWFSÃTFSNBJT
frequente.
III. OS PRINCIPAIS PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA
Parâmetros físicos /químicos da água

"TDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTGÎTJDBTFRVÎNJDBTEBÃHVBTÈPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTPSHBOJTNPTRVFOFMBWJWFN"T
WBSJBÉ×FTNBJTJNQPSUBOUFTRVFEFWFNTFSNPOJUPSJ[BEBTFNDVMUJWPEFQFJYFTTÈP
37
r 5FNQFSBUVSB
"UFNQFSBUVSBFYFSDFQSPGVOEBJOóVËODJBTPCSFBWJEBBRVÃUJDBFEFTFNQFOIBQBQFMQSFQPOEFSBOUF
OBBMJNFOUBÉÈP SFQSPEVÉÈPFSFTJTUËODJBÆTEPFOÉBTQBSBDBEBHSVQPEFQFJYFT&MBUBNCÊNJOóVFODJB
EJSFDUBNFOUFOBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP SFHVMBOEPBJOHFTUÈPEFBMJNFOUPTQFMPTQFJYFT
%BÎBWBOUBHFNEBTSFHJ×FTUSPQJDBJTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB VNBWF[RVFOFMBTPTQFJYFTJOHFSFNBMJNFOUPT
TFNHSBOEFTDPOTUSBOHJNFOUPTQSBUJDBNFOUFEVSBOUFUPEPPBOP
"GBJYBJEFBMEBTFTQÊDJFTUSPQJDBJTFTUÃFOUSFB$ TFOEPPOÎWFMÓQUJNPQBSBBNBJPSJBFOUSF
F $ 5FNQFSBUVSBT JOGFSJPSFT B $ OPSNBMNFOUF BGFDUBN P NFUBCPMJTNP EPT QFJYFT USPQJDBJT
QSPWPDBOEPEJNJOVJÉÈPEFBQFUJUFFEBTUBYBTEFDSFTDJNFOUP"UFNQFSBUVSBMFUBMNVJUPWBSJÃWFMFOUSF
FTQÊDJFT TFOEPEF$QBSBBTDBSQBT $QBSBBTUJMÃQJBT
0DPOUSPMPEFUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVÉÈPQPEFTFSGFJUPQPSNFJPTBSUJñDJBJTDPNP
VTPEFBRVFDFEPSFT NBTÊNVJUPEJTQFOEJPTP
1PSJTTP BPTFDPOTUSVJSVNUBORVF EFWFTFFTDPMIFSVNMPDBMCFNFYQPTUPBPTPMFBPWFOUP POEFQPTTB
tirar o maior rendimento dos dois.
r 5SBOTQBSËODJB
" USBOTQBSËODJB Ê VNB NFEJEB EJSFDUBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEB DPN B RVBOUJEBEF EF NBUÊSJB PSHÄOJDB
QMÄODUPO NBUFSJBJTFNTVTQFOTÈPEFDPSSFOUFTEBTDIVWBT FUD QSFTFOUFOBÃHVB
2VBOEPBUSBOTQBSËODJBFTUÃSFMBDJPOBEBÆTQBSUÎDVMBTEFBSHJMBFFNTVTQFOTÈP PFYDFTTPEFQBSUÎDVMBT
EFBSHJMBRVFHSVEBNOBTCSÄORVJBTDBVTBNQSPCMFNBTEFSFTQJSBÉÈPOPTQFJYFT
BÃHVBBQSFTFOUBVNB
DPMPSBÉÈPOBDPSEFDBGÊ ÃHVBCBSSFOUB
&TUBTFPVUSBTÃHVBTBNBSFMBEBTPVBDBTUBOIBEBT QSPWFOJFOUFT
EFQÄOUBOPTPVDIBSOFDBT TÈPÃDJEBTFJNQSÓQSJBTQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT
/P DBTP EF FTUBS SFMBDJPOBEB B FYDFTTP EF QMÄODUPO B ÃHVB BQSFTFOUB DPMPSBÉÈP FTWFSEFBEB F TÈP
HFSBMNFOUFCPBTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB
O disco de SecchiÊPFRVJQBNFOUPVTBEPQBSBNFEJSFTTFQBSÄNFUSP6NBUSBOTQBSËODJBJEFBMEBÃHVB
EFVNUBORVFNFEJEBQFMPEJTDPEF4FDDIJFTUÃFNUPSOPEFFDN JOEJDBOEPVNBCPBQSPEVÉÈP
CJPMÓHJDBOPTUBORVFT
0FTUBCFMFDJNFOUPEFVNBUSBOTQBSËODJBJEFBMQBSBQJTDJDVMUVSBÊNVJUPEJGÎDJM NBTFTUÃOPSNBMNFOUF
FOUF B DN 5BORVFT NVJUP USBOTQBSFOUFT NBJT EF DN
GBWPSFDFN P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EF
NBDSÓñUBT+ÃBUSBOTQBSËODJBNFOPSEFDNJOEJDBFYDFTTPEFNBUÊSJBFNTVTQFOTÈP
"TÃHVBTOBUVSBJTOÈPTÈPQVSBTFBQSFTFOUBNVNBTÊSJFEFNBUFSJBJTEJTTPMWJEPTFFNTVTQFOTÈP UBJT
DPNPQBSUÎDVMBTEFBSHJMB EFUSJUPTPSHÄOJDPTFPTQSÓQSJPTNJDSPSHBOJTNPTRVFWJWFNOBÃHVB
&TTFDPOKVOUPEFNBUFSJBJTEJTQFSTPTOBÃHVBSFEV[BQFOFUSBÉÈPEBMV[ JNQFEJOEPRVFHSBOEFQBSUF
BUJOKBBTDBNBEBTNBJTQSPGVOEBT&TUFFGFJUPEFSFEVÉÈPEFMV[BPBUSBWFTTBSBDPMVOBEBÃHVBÊDIBNBEP
EF563#*%&;
r Q)
BNFEJEBRVFFYQSFTTBTFVNBÃHVBÊÃDJEBPVBMDBMJOBFNFTDBMBRVFWBSJB [FSP
B DBUPS[F
FWBSJB
FNGVOÉÈPEFOVNFSPTPTGBDUPSFTRVÎNJDPTFCJPMÓHJDPT
0 Q) JOUFSWÊN GSFRVFOUFNFOUF OB EJTUSJCVJÉÈP EPT PSHBOJTNPT BRVÃUJDPT " SFTQJSBÉÈP GPUPTTÎOUFTF
BEVCBÉÈP DBJBHFNFQPMVJÉÈPTÈPGBDUPSFTDBQB[FTEFBMUFSBSPQ)OBÃHVB
"NFMIPSÃHVBQBSBBDSJBÉÈPEPQFJYFÊBRVFQPTTVJVNBSFBDÉÈPMJHFJSBNFOUFBMDBMJOB JTUPÊ Q)FOUSF

38
r 0YJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP 0%
0PYJHÊOJPEBÃHVBÊQSPWFOJFOUFEBBUNPTGFSBFEPTWFHFUBJTRVFPDPSSFNTVCNFSTPTFRVFMJCFSUBNP
PYJHÊOJPBUSBWÊTEBGPUPTTÎOUFTF0PYJHÊOJPÊDPOTVNJEPQFMPTBOJNBJT DPNPPTQFJYFT
QFMPTWFHFUBJT
BMHBTFQMBOUBTBRVÃUJDBTTVCNFSTBT
FUBNCÊN QFMPQSPDFTTPEFEFDPNQPTJÉÈPEBNBUÊSJBPSHÄOJDB
0IPSÃSJPJEFBMQBSBDPOUSPMPEPTOÎWFJTEF0%ÊMPHPQFMBNBOIÈ QPJTEVSBOUFBOPJUFUPEPTPTPSHBOJTNPT
EPUBORVF QFJYFT BMHBT NJDSPSHBOJTNPT QMÄODUPO FUD
DPOTPNFN01PSUBOUP ÊOBTQSJNFJSBTIPSBT
EBNBOIÈRVFBDPODFOUSBÉÈPEF0%TFFODPOUSBDSÎUJDB PRVFQPEFPDBTJPOBSQSPCMFNBTDSÓOJDPTOPT
QFJYFTFBUÊBNPSUF
0VUSBJNQPSUÄODJBÊRVFPTOÎWFJTEF0%UFNVNBSFMBÉÈPJOWFSTBNFOUFQSPQPSDJPOBMBPBVNFOUPEB
UFNQFSBUVSB PVTFKB RVBOUPNBJPSGPSBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVB NFOPSTFSÃBRVBOUJEBEFEF0%
&YJTUFNEVBTGPOUFTOBUVSBJTEFPCUFOÉÈPEFPYJHÊOJP
– Difusão directa
"USBWÊTEPDPOUBDUPFQFOFUSBÉÈPEJSFDUBEPBSBUNPTGÊSJDPOBÃHVB0PYJHÊOJPEBBUNPTGFSBFOUSBOB
ÃHVBQSJODJQBMNFOUFQPSNJTUVSBNFDÄOJDB QSPWPDBEBQFMBBDÉÈPEPTWFOUPT QPSDPSSFOUFTOBUVSBJTEF
NBTTBTIÎCSJEBTFBHJUBÉ×FTDBVTBEBTQFMBUPQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP
"DPODFOUSBÉÈPEPPYJHÊOJPOBÃHVB WBSJBDPNBTVBUFNQFSBUVSB SFMBÉÈPDPODFOUSBÉÈPUFNQFSBUVSB
FTUÃJOUJNBNFOUFMJHBEB
CFNDPNPBTPMVCJMJEBEFEFTTFHÃTEFQFOEFBJOEBEBQSFTTÈPBUNPTGÊSJDB
"TPMVCJMJEBEFEPPYJHÊOJPOBÃHVBEJNJOVJÆNFEJEBRVFBUFNQFSBUVSBBVNFOUB&NUFNQFSBUVSBBMUB
PTQFJYFTMPHPVUJMJ[BNP0%EBÃHVB QPEFOEPPDPSSFSNPSUBMJEBEFQPSBTñYJB
– Processo de fotossíntese
"MJCFSUBÉÈPEFPYJHÊOJPOBÃHVB NFEJBOUFQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUÊUJDPQFMPñUPQMÄODUPO BMHBT FNFTQFDJBM

ÊBQSJODJQBMGPOUFEFPCUFOÉÈPEP0%FNVNTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT
%VSBOUF P QSPDFTTP GPUPTTJOUÊUJDP QFMPT ÓSHÈPT DMPSPñMBEPT EPT WFHFUBJT P HÃT DBSCÓOJDP $0
Ê
EFTEPCSBEPTPCBBDÉÈPEBMV[TPMBS
&ORVBOUPPDBSCPOP $
ÊVUJMJ[BEPQBSBBTÎOUFTFEFIJESBUPTEFDBSCPOPFDBSCPOBUPT PPYJHÊOJPÊ
FYQFMJEP DPOUSJCVJOEPQBSBBPYJHFOBÉÈPEBÃHVB
4FNBMV[TPMBS JNQPSUBOUÎTTJNBQBSBFTTFQSPDFTTP PPYJHÊOJPÊFYQFMJEPEVSBOUFBTIPSBTEPEJBFN
RVFFMBÊTVñDJFOUFQBSBFTTBGVOÉÈPñTJPMÓHJDBFBUÊPOEFQPTTBQFOFUSBSFNRVBOUJEBEFTVñDJFOUF
©OPJUF IÃDPOTVNPEF0%FOÈPQSPEVÉÈP
&N ÃHVBT UVSWBT F DPN CBJYB USBOTQBSËODJB B QSPEVÉÈP GPUPTTJOUÊUJDB QPEF EJNJOVJS PV BUÊ NFTNP
QBSBS1PEFTFOPUBS QPSUBOUP RVFPQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUÊUJDPEPTPSHBOJTNPTDMPSPñMBEPTFTUÃMJNJUBEP
ÆTDBNBEBTTVQFSñDJBJTEFÃHVB POEFBNBJPSQBSUFEBMV[ÊBCTPSWJEB
r %JÓYJEPEF$BSCPOP $02)
0HÃTDBSCÓOJDP TFKBOPFTUBEPMJWSFPVOBGPSNBEFÃDJEPGSBDPPVEFCJDBSCPOBUP FODPOUSBTFOBÃHVB
FNTPMVÉÈPJOTUÃWFMF ÆTWF[FT TPCSFBGPSNBEFDBSCPOBUPTRVFQSFDJQJUBN
Quando ocorre um aumento de CO2 PQ)EJNJOVJPDPOUSÃSJPUBNCÊNQPEFPDPSSFS0TBMUPTUFPSFT
de CO2 QPEFN TFS FODPOUSBEPT RVBOEP VTBTF ÃHVB TVCUFSSÄOFB RVBOEP PDPSSF VN iCMPPNu BMUP
DPOTVNPEFPYJHÊOJPEVSBOUFPQSPDFTTPEFSFTQJSBÉÈP
EFBMHBTÆOPJUF FOPUSBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFT0T
OÎWFJTTVCMFUBJTFTUÈPFOUSFBNHMFMFUBJTEFBNHM0CO2QPEFTFSSFNPWJEPEBÃHVBQFMB
BFSBÉÈPEBÃHVB QFMPBVNFOUPEFQ) QFMPDPOUSPMFñUPQMÄODUPOFQFMBDPOTUSVÉÈPDPSSFDUBEPTWJWFJSPT
39
FOUSBEBEFÃHVBPQPTUBÆTBÎEB TBÎEBEBÃHVBOPGVOEP GPSNBSFDUBOHVMBS FUD

r 4BJT%JTTPMWJEPT
.VJUBT TVCTUÄODJBT FODPOUSBNTF EJTTPMWJEBT OB ÃHVB &ORVBOUP BMHVNBT TÈP FTTFODJBJT QBSB B
TPCSFWJWËODJB EPT PSHBOJTNPT DPNP P OJUSPHÊOJP F P GÓTGPSP PVUSBT TÈP UÓYJDBT DPNP B BNÓOJB F
provocam mortalidade e insucesso nos cultivos.
r 4ÓMJEPTTVTQFOTPT
0TTÓMJEPTTVTQFOTPTDPSSFTQPOEFNBQBSUÎDVMBTEFBMJNFOUPOÈPDPOTVNJEPT GF[FTPVNBUÊSJBJOPSHÄOJDB
FNTVTQFOTÈPOBDPMVOBEFÃHVB
"ÃHVBTVKBQSFKVEJDBPQFJYFEFEVBTGPSNBT
– DirectaQFMPTGFSJNFOUPTPVBDÙNVMPTOBTCSÄORVJBT DPNQSPNFUFOEPBSFTQJSBÉÈPEPT
BOJNBJT
– IndirectaQFMBEJNJOVJÉÈPEBQFOFUSBÉÈPEFMV[OBÃHVB SFEV[JOEPBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
natural do viveiro.
5FPSFTEFHMTÈPTVQPSUBEPTQPSFTQÊDJFTUSPQJDBJT TFOEPPOÎWFMJEFBMEFHM
0ñMUSPNFDÄOJDPTJNQMFTQPEFEJNJOVJSPTNFTNPT TFOEPRVFVNñMUSPEF NEFDBNBEBñMUSBOUF
DBTDBMIP EF NN
N EF BMUVSB N EF DPNQSJNFOUP F N EF MBSHVSB ñMUSB VN DBOBM EF
BMJNFOUBÉÈPDPNEFTDBSHBEFMT
r /JUSJUP
0OJUSJUPÊVNQSPEVUPJOUFSNFEJÃSJPOBPYJEBÉÈPCJPMÓHJDBEBBNÓOJBBOJUSBUP OJUSJñDBÉÈP
$PODFOUSBÉ×FT
FMFWBEBTQPEFNPDPSSFSFNDPOTFRVËODJBEFQPMVJÉÈPPSHÄOJDBPVUFPSEF0%CBJYP
1BSBPTQFJYFT POJUSJUPÊNVJUPUÓYJDP QPJTDPNCJOBTFÆIFNPHMPCJOBOPTBOHVF PSJHJOBOEPBNFUB
IFNPHMPCJOB NÃUSBOTQPSUBEPSBEFPYJHÊOJP
RVFDPOGFSFDPMPSBÉÈPBDBTUBOIBEBBPTBOHVF NBUBOEP
PQFJYFQPSBTñYJB
"QSFTFOÉBEFJ×FTEFDMPSPQPEFEJNJOVJSBUPYJDJEBEFEPOJUSJUP0OÎWFMEFOJUSJUPOPNFJPOÈPEFWF
FYDFEFSB NHM
/B BOÃMJTF RVÎNJDB EF VNB ÃHVB EFTUJOBEB Æ QJTDJDVMUVSB UPSOBNTF OFDFTTÃSJBT BT TFHVJOUFT
EFUFSNJOBÉ×FT
5BCFMBOÎWFJTEFTFKBEPTEFRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB
Especificação da análise Níveis desejados
Q) B
"MDBMJOJEBEF BNHMFNTFVFRVJWBMFOUFFN$B$0
%VSF[B "DJNBEFNHMFNTFVFRVJWBMFOUFFN
$B$0
0EJTTPMWJEP "DJNBEFNHM
$0MJWSF "CBJYPEFNHM
40
"NÓOJB "CBJYPEF NHM
(ÃTTVMGÎESJDP "CBJYPEF NHM
.FUBOP "CBJYPEF NHM
'FSSP "CBJYPEF NHM
"MVNÎOJP "CBJYPEF NHM
1SFTFOÉBEFOJUSBUPT GPTGBUPT DBSCPOBUPTFTVMGBUPT
1BSÄNFUSPTCJPMÓHJDPTEBÃHVB
6NUBORVFEFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT BQFTBSEFTFSVNBNCJFOUFUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFDPOUSPMBEP OÈPEFJYB
EF DPOTUJUVJS VN TJTUFNB FDPMÓHJDP RVF EFWF TFS FTUVEBEP QPJT UPEBT BT PVUSBT NPEBMJEBEFT TPGSFN
JOóVËODJBEBTDPOEJÉ×FTCJPMÓHJDBTEPNFJP BMÊNEBTDPOEJÉ×FTDJUBEBTOPTUÓQJDPTBOUFSJPSFTEF
fundamental importância o controlo do plâncton.
.BUÊSJBPSHÄOJDB RVBOEPFNFYDFTTPMFWBBVNBPYJEBÉÈPCBDUFSJBOBRVFSFNPWFPPYJHÊOJPEBÃHVB
DSJBOEPQSPCMFNBTEFSFTQJSBÉÈPBPTQFJYFTFPVUSPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVÃUJDPT
"RVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBÊJOóVFODJBEBQFMBGSFRVËODJBEFBMJNFOUBÉÈP VNBWF[RVFPFYDFTTPEFSBÉÈPOP
UBORVFQSPWPDBEJNJOVJÉÈPEPPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEPOBÃHVB QSFKVEJDBOEPPTQFJYFT
"TÃHVBTEFDPSFTWFSEFBEBTÈPHFSBMNFOUFCPBTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB
IV. ALIMENTAÇÃO DOS PEIXES DE ÁGUA DOCE

0TQFJYFT DPNPRVBMRVFSPVUSPBOJNBM EFWFNTFSBMJNFOUBEPTEJBSJBNFOUF
&NTJTUFNBTFYUFOTJWPTEFQSPEVÉÈP BUJMÃQJBEFQFOEFFYDMVTJWBNFOUFPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM FORVBOUP
RVFFNTJTUFNBTTFNJJOUFOTJWPUBOUPPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMDPNPPBSUJñDJBMQPEFNTFSVUJMJ[BEPT
0BMJNFOUPEFWFTFSMBOÉBEPOPTDPNFEPVSPTOBQBSUFNFOPTGVOEB EFGPSNBRVFTFQPTTBWFSPTQFJYFT
B DPNFSFN %FWFTFBMJNFOUBSTÓDPNBRVBOUJEBEFRVFFMFTQPEFNDPNFS EFNPEPRVFOÈP IBKB
BDÙNVMPEFBMJNFOUPEFNBUÊSJBPSHÄOJDBOPUBORVF
Deve-se ter em conta que:
r 4FPTQFJYFTTÈPTBVEÃWFJT FMFTDPNFSÈPEFQSFTTB
r 4FFMFTDPNFNUVEPEFQSFTTB EFWFTFEBSVNQPVDPNBJTOPEJBTFHVJOUF
r 2VBOEPDPNFÉBSBTPCSBSSBÉÈPOBTVQFSGÎDJF TJHOJñDBRVFPTQFJYFTFTUÈPTBDJBEPT
0OÙNFSPEFWF[FTRVFPTQFJYFTEFWFNTFSBMJNFOUBEPTQPSEJBWBSJBFNGVOÉÈPEBFTQÊDJFDSJBEB
UFNQFSBUVSB JEBEFPVUBNBOIPEPTQFJYFTFRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBEPUBORVF"TTJN RVBOUPNFOPSGPSB
UFNQFSBUVSB NFOPSTFSÃPDPOTVNPEFSBÉÈPRVBOUPNBJTKPWFNGPSPQFJYF NBJTWF[FTQPSEJBFMFEFWF
ser alimentado.
1BSBQFJYFTDBSOÎWPSPT QPSFYFNQMP BSBÉÈPBENJOJTUSBEBEVBTBPEJBÊTVñDJFOUF QPSÊN QBSBQFJYFT
41
PNOÎWPSPTDPNPBUJMÃQJB BSBÉÈPGPSOFDJEBUSËTBPEJBSFTVMUBFNNFMIPSEFTFNQFOIP
2VBOUP BPT IPSÃSJPT EF GPSOFDJNFOUP EF SBÉÈP FTUFT WBSJBN DPOGPSNF B FTQÊDJF DVMUJWBEB 0 JEFBM Ê
GPSOFDFSBSBÉÈPTFNQSFOPTNFTNPTIPSÃSJPT UPEPTPTEJBT QBSBRVFIBKBVNDPOEJDJPOBNFOUPEPT
QFJYFTGVOEBNFOUBM QPSÊN OÈPGPSOFDFSBMJNFOUPBPTQFJYFTRVBOEPBTDPODFOUSBÉ×FTEFPYJHÊOJP
FTUJWFSFNCBJYBT QBSBOÈPBHSBWBSBJOEBNBJTBTJUVBÉÈP0NBJTJNQPSUBOUFÊRVFPUSBUBEPSTFKBVN
CPNPCTFSWBEPS QPJTEFMFJSÃEFQFOEFSBTBÙEFFPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPBEFRVBEPEPTQFJYFT
1BSBBMÊNEBTVBEJTUSJCVJÉÈP BGPSNBEFQSFQBSPEPTBMJNFOUPTUBNCÊNEFWFTFSUJEBFNDPOUB
r 1BSBBMFWJOPTBSBÉÈP FNGPSNBEFGBSJOIB EFWFTFSEJTUSJCVÎEBBPMPOHPEBTNBSHFOTEPT
tanques.
r 1BSBQFJYFTEFBHSBNBT BTSBÎ[FT HSÈPT WFSEVSBT GSVUBTFTFNFOUFTEFWFNTFSPGFSFDJEPT
FNQFRVFOPTQFEBÉPTEFNPEPRVFPQFJYFQPTTBBCPDBOIBS6NBCPBQSÃUJDBÊEFJYBSBT
TFNFOUFT SBÎ[FTFHSÈPTEFNPMIPQFMPNFOPTIPSBTBOUFTEBEJTUSJCVJÉÈP
2VBMRVFS QSPEVUPS FYUFOTJWP QPEF QSPEV[JS B SBÉÈP QBSB P TFV QFJYF 1BSB UBM EFWFSÃ UFS FN DPOUB B
SBÉÈPBTFSDPOGFDDJPOBEBEFWFSÃDPOUFSPTTFHVJOUFTJOHSFEJFOUFTFNRVBOUJEBEFTFRVBMJEBEFTRVF
SFTQFJUFNBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEFDBEBFTQÊDJF
r 'POUFTQSPUÊJDBTmGBSJOIBTQFJYF EFDBNBSÈP EFWÎTDFSBTEFGSBOHP EFGPMIBTEF
NBOEJPRVFJSB DPQSB PVEFMFHVNJOPTBTDPNPPTGFJK×FT BTPKBPVPBNFOEPJN
r 'POUFTFOFSHÊUJDBT
m(PSEVSBmÓMFPEFDP[JOIB RVFUBNCÊNHBSBOUFPQPEFSEFóVUVBCJMJEBEFÆSBÉÈP
m$BSCPIJESBUPTmUSJHP NBOEJPDB FUD QBSBHBSBOUJSBMJHBÉÈP BEFTÈP
EPTJOHSFEJFOUFT
m'JCSBTmGBSFMPTEFDFSFBJT
r 7JUBNJOBTFTBJTNJOFSBJTmGSVUBTFMFHVNFT
4.1. Tipos de alimentos na aquacultura

/BQJTDJDVMUVSBFYJTUFNEPJTUJQPTEFBMJNFOUPT
r "MJNFOUPOBUVSBM
0TBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTTÈPBRVFMFTQSPEV[JEPTOPUBORVF4ÈPQMBOUBTFBOJNBJTNJDSPTDÓQJDPTRVFTF
EFTFOWPMWFNDPNPSFTVMUBEPEFBEVCBÉÈP CFNDPNPPNBUFSJBMPSHÄOJDPNPSUPPVFNEFDPN
QPTJÉÈPOPGVOEPEPUBORVFFRVFTÈPDPOTVNJEPTQFMPTQFJYFT
5JQPT EJGFSFOUFT EF QFJYFT DPOTPNFN BMJNFOUPT OBUVSBJT EJGFSFOUFT "MHVOT QSPDVSBN JOTFDUPT PV
NJOIPDBT OP GVOEP EP UBORVF BMHVOT EÈP QSFGFSËODJB ÆT QMBOUBT TVCNFSTBT PV SBTUFKBOUFT F PVUSPT
BMJNFOUBNTFEFQMBOUBTFBOJNBJTQFRVFOPTOBÃHVB
5PEPTPTPSHBOJTNPTRVFWJWFNOVNUBORVF EJSFDUBPVJOEJSFDUBNFOUF QBSUJDJQBNEPDSFTDJNOFUPEP
QFJYF
r "MJNFOUPBSUJñDJBMPVTVQMFNFOUBS
0TBMJNFOUPTBSUJñDJBJTTÈPBTSBÉ×FTCBMBODFBEBTQBSBQFJYFTPVTJNJMBSFT HSBOVMBEBTPVFNQÓFUPEPT
PTTVCQSPEVUPTBHSPQFDVÃSJPTMPDBJTRVFPQJTDJDVMUPSQPTTBPGFSFDFSBPTQFJYFT BFYFNQMPEFWFSEVSBT
SBÎ[FTMFHVNFT GSVUBT HSÈPT GBSFMPT FUD
42
0BMJNFOUPBSUJñDJBMEFWFTFSBENJOJTUSBEPEJBSJBNFOUFOBRVBOUJEBEFEFBUÊEBCJPNBTTBEJWJEJEP
FNEVBTPVNBJTSFGFJÉ×FT EFQSFGFSËODJBOPNFTNPMPDBMFÆTNFTNBTIPSBTEPEJB
nr. de peixes X peso individual X percentagem de ração diária
'ÓSNVMBQBSBDÃMDVMPEFSBÉÈPEJÃSJB
Ração diária=
100
nr. de peixes X peso individual X percentagem de ração diária
Ração diária=
100
Exemplo:
6NUBORVFDPNÃSFBEF1000 metrosRVBESBEPTFQSPGVOEJEBEFNÊEJBEF120 centímetros, tendo
VNBQPQVMBÉÈPEF800 peixes com peso de 200 gramasDBEB BEPQUBOEPBQSPQPSÉÈPde 3% de ração,
800 X 200 (g) X 3

Ração diária (g)= = 480 g de raçã por dia
100
800 X 200 (g) X 3
Ração diária (g)=
4FSÈPOFDFTTÃSJPTHEFSBÉÈPQPSEJB = 480 g de raçã por dia
100
/PEFDPSSFSEPDVMUJWPGB[TFOFDFTTÃSJPBEFRVBSDPOTUBOUFNFOUFBTRVBOUJEBEFTGPSOFDJEBTEFBMJNFOUPT
de acordo com o crescimento.
0TQFJYFTDSFTDFNNBJTSBQJEBNFOUFRVBOEPIÃEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFBMJNFOUPT QPSRVFÊBUSBWÊTEBEJFUB
BMJNFOUBSRVFFMFTSFDFCFNOVUSJFOUFTQBSBBUFOEFSBTTVBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEJÃSJBT
– Suplementos nutricionais
B
1SPUFÎOBT
1SPUFÎOBTTÈPNPMÊDVMBTHSBOEFTFDPNQMFYBT&MBTDPNQPSUBNPTBNJOPÃDJEPTRVFTÈPDPNQPOFOUFT
JOEJTQFOTÃWFJT Æ FTUSVUVSB F FN NVJUPT DBTPT GVODJPOBN DPNP DPFO[JNBT EF SFBDÉ×FT DFMVMBSFT
JNQPSUBOUFT0TBNJOPÃDJEPTRVFOÈPQPEFNTFSTJOUFUJ[BEPTQFMPTBOJNBJTPVRVFTÈPTJOUFUJ[BEPTFN
RVBOUJEBEFTJOTVñDJFOUFTEFWFNTFSTVQMFNFOUBEBTOBEJFUB
"TUJMBQJBTBTTJNDPNPPVUSPTBOJNBJT OÈPOFDFTTBSJBNFOUFSFRVFSFNBTQSPUFÎOBTOBTVBEJFUB NBT
TJNVNCPNCBMBODFBNFOUPBNJOPBDÎEJDP"TTJN OÈPJNQPSUBBRVBOUJEBEFEFQSPUFÎOBFYJTUFOUFOPT
BMJNFOUPT BENJOJTUSBEPT BPT QFJYFT QPSRVF P DSFTDJNFOUP TBEJP EPT BOJNBJT EFQFOEF EB RVBMJEBEF
EFTTFTBNJOPÃDJEPTQSFTFOUFT
0T OÎWFJT QSPUFJDPT EFQFOEFN EF GBDUPSFT DPNP B FTQÊDJF JEBEF UBNBOIP UFNQFSBUVSB EB ÃHVB
TBMJOJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEBQSPUFÎOB"GBMUBEFBNJOPÃDJEPTBEFRVBEPTQBSBVNBEBEBFTQÊDJFSFTVMUBFN
CBJYPEFTFNQFOIPOPDSFTDJNFOUP
C
7JUBNJOBT
"TWJUBNJOBTTÈPDPNQPTUPTPSHÄOJDPTRVFTÈPOFDFTTÃSJPFNQFRVFOBTRVBOUJEBEFTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUP
SFQSPEVÉÈPFTBÙEFOPSNBJTEPTBOJNBJT%FñDJËODJBTWJUBNÎOJDBTQPEFNSFTVMUBSFNEPFOÉBTEFPSJHFN
OVUSJDJPOBM DPNP SFEV[JEP DSFTDJNFOUP PV VN BVNFOUP EB TVTDFQUJCJMJEBEF QBSB DPOUSBJS JOGFDÉ×FT
Todavia, suplementos de vitaminas nãoTÈPJODMVÎEPTOBTSBÉ×FTBSUJñDJBJTPVTVQMFNFOUBSFTQBSBUJMÃQJBT
RVFTÈPQSPEV[JEBTFNEFOTJEBEFTCBJYBTPVNPEFSBEBT RVFDSFTDFNFNUBORVFTGFSUJMJ[BEPT"TTVNF
TFRVF TPCFTUBTDPOEJÉ×FT BUJMÃQJBDPOTVNFVNBRVBOUJEBEFTVñDJFOUFEFBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM DBQB[EF
satisfazer as suas necessidades vitamínicas.
D
.JOFSBJT
43
0TNJOFSBJTTÈPFMFNFOUPTJOPSHÄOJDPTOFDFTTÃSJPTBPBOJNBJTQBSBNBOUFSBTTVBTGVOÉ×FTNFUBCÓMJDBT
UBJTDPNPBFTUSVUVSBEPTPTTPT EFOUFTFUFDJEPT PTNPSSFHVMBÉÈP JNQVMTPTFUSBOTNJTT×FTOFSWPTBT
DPOUSBDÉÈP NVTDVMBS SFHVMBÉÈP EP Q) EP TBOHVF F PVUSPT óVJEPT 0T QFJYFT UËN B DBQBDJEBEF EF
BCTPSWFSPTNJOFSBJTEBÃHVBEVSBOUFBSFTQJSBÉÈPFQPSJTTP OÈPTÈPOPSNBMNFOUFBEJDJPOBEPTÆTEJFUBT
QBSBDVMUJWPFYUFOTJWP©FYDFQÉÈPEFBMHVOTNJOFSBJTDPNPPGÓTGPSP EFWFNTFSBEJDJPOBEPTÆEJFUBFN
QFJYFTDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP
4.2. Tipos de ração para peixes

1PSWJWFSFNFNNFJPBRVÃUJDP PTQFJYFTFOGSFOUBNPQSPCMFNBEFTFVTBMJNFOUPTQFSEFSFNOVUSJFOUFT
QSJODJQBMNFOUF PT IJESPTTPMÙWFJT 4FOEP BTTJN P QSPDFTTBNFOUP BEFRVBEP EB SBÉÈP Ê GVOEBNFOUBM
OBBMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTBOJNBJTFNDBUJWFJSP"TGPSNBTGÎTJDBTNBJTDPNVOTEFGPSOFDJNFOUPEFSBÉÈPBPT
QFJYFTTÈP
r 'BSJOBEBPTJOHSFEJFOUFTEBSBÉÈPTÈPBQFOBTNPÎEPTFNJTUVSBEPT4VBVUJMJ[BÉÈPÊBQFOBT
SFDPNFOEBEBOPTQSJNFJSPTFTUÃHJPTEFEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT VNBWF[RVFBTVBDBQBDJEBEF
EFDBQUVSBSBMJNFOUPTÊGSBDB6NBWF[RVFBTQFSEBTEFOVUSJFOUFTTÈPNVJUPHSBOEFTQPEFOEPDBVTBS
B QPMVJÉÈP EB ÃHVB EPT UBORVFT FTUF UJQP EF SBÉÈP OÈP Ê NVJUP SFDPNFOEBEP QBSB PVUSBT GBTFT EF
DSFTDJNFOUPEPQFJYF
r (SBOVMBEBBTGBSJOIBT QPSNFJPEBDPNCJOBÉÈPEFIVNJEBEFFQSFTTÈPTÈPUSBOTGPSNBEBT
FN HSÄOVMPT 1BSB TF GB[FS PT HSÄOVMPT Ê OFDFTTÃSJP QSJNFJSP DP[FS QBSUF EPT JOHSFEJFOUFT DVKP WBMPS
OVUSJDJPOBMÊBVNFOUBEPQFMBBDÉÈPEBUFNQFSBUVSBFNTFHVJEBEFWFNTFSQSPEV[JEBTGBSJOIBTRVFTF
KVOUBNBPTJOHSFEJFOUFTMÎRVJEP TÈPBNBTTBEPT HSBOVMBEBT TFDPTFEFQPJTFNCBMBEPTFNTBDPTDBJYBT
FBSNB[FOBS1PSÊN UFNVNDVTUPEFQSPEVÉÈPNBJTFMFWBEPRVBOEPDPNQBSBEBÆSBÉÈPGBSJOBEB
&NBMHVOTDBTPT IÃOFDFTTJEBEFEFFYUSVTÃMB/BFYUSVTÈP QBSBBMÊNEBIVNJEBEFFQSFTTÈPPTHSÄOVMPT
EBSBÉÈPQBTTBNQPSTFDBHFNSÃQJEBFNFMFWBEBTUFNQFSBUVSBTRVFGBDVMUBNBTVBEJMBUBÉÈP"EJMBUBÉÈP
ÊPSFTVMUBEPEFQFRVFOPTFTQBÉPTDPNBSEFOUSPEPHSÄOVMPRVFQFSNJUFNRVFFTUFTFKBNBJTFTUÃWFM
FóVUVFOBÃHVB4VBFTUBCJMJEBEFOBTVQFSGÎDJFEBÃHVBÊEFDFSDBEFNJOVUPT PRVFHBSBOUFTVB
RVBMJEBEF&TUFUJQPEFSBÉÈPSFEV[BTQFSEBTEFOVUSJFOUFTOBÃHVB
44
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DAS DOENÇAS
Módulo 6
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
**OUSPEVÉÈP
II. Conceito de doença
III. Principais causas das doenças
IV. Mecanismos de defesa
71SJODJQBJTTJOUPNBTRVFBVYJMJBNOBEFUFDÉÈPEFEPFOÉBT
7*.FEJEBTBTFUPNBSRVBOEPTVSHFNQFJYFTEPFOUFTOPUBORVF
7**1SFWFOÉÈPEFEPFOÉBT
7***1BSBTJUBTEPTQFJYFT
IX. Tipos de tratamento
45
46
I. INTRODUÇÃO
0TQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUF DPOWJWFNFNFRVJMÎCSJPDPNPTQBSBTJUBTFBHFOUFTQBUPHÊOJDPT.BT DPNPPT
PVUSPTTFSFTWJWPT BTFTQÊDJFTDSJBEBTFNUBORVFTEFBRVBDVMUVSB UBNCÊNTÈPTVTDFQUÎWFJTÆTEPFOÉBT
" TVTDFQUJCJMJEBEF ÆT EPFOÉBT WBSJB DPN B FTQÊDJF JEBEF QBSUJDVMBSJEBEFT JOEJWJEVBJT F BMUFSBÉ×FT
BNCJFOUBJT
$PNPEJ[PEJUBEPQPQVMBSiBQSFWFOÉÈPÊPNFMIPSSFNÊEJPu OÈPJSFNPTBRVJQSFTDSFWFSNFEJDBNFOUPT
OFNEPTFTUFSBQËVUJDBT*SFNPTSFDPNFOEBSCPBTQSÃUJDBTEFNBOVTFBNFOUPRVFBVYJMJBNOBQSFWFOÉÈP
EFEPFOÉBTFNQFJYFT1BSBRVFBBDUJWJEBEFUFOIBTVTUFOUBCJMJEBEF EFWFNPTTFNQSFCVTDBSPFRVJMÎCSJP
FOUSFPBNCJFOUFBSUJñDJBMRVFDSJBNPTFPTTFVTIBCJUBOUFT
II. CONCEITO DE DOENÇA

%PFOÉB Ê BMUFSBÉÈP EP FTUBEP ñTJPMÓHJDP GÎTJDP F DPNQPSUBNFOUBM EF VN PSHBOJTNP FN SFTQPTUB Æ
QSFTFOÉBEFVNPVNBJTPSHBOJTNPTQBUPHÊOJDPT MFWBOEPPBPQBEFDJNFOUPFQPSWF[FTÆNPSUF
III. PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DAS DOENÇAS

"DPODFOUSBÉÈPEFPSHBOJTNPTTFKBNQFJYFT BWFTPV)PNFOT JOFWJUBWFMNFOUFPDBTJPOBPQPSUVOJEBEF
QBSBBQSPMJGFSBÉÈPEFTFVTQBSBTJUBTFEPFOÉBT
"NCJFOUFT EFTGBWPSÃWFJT PV VNB EJFUB EFTCBMBODFBEB TÈP GBDUPSFT EF TUSFTT RVF BDUVBN EF GPSNB
QSFKVEJDJBMOBTBÙEFEPTBOJNBJTFEJNJOVFNBTVBJNVOJEBEF&TUBTDPOEJÉ×FTEFCJMJUBNPTBOJNBJTF
GBDJMJUBNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOÉBTNBJTHSBWFT/BNBJPSJBEPTDBTPT BTFOGFSNJEBEFTJOGFDDJPTBTF
QBSBTJUÃSJBTOPSNBMNFOUFTÈPDPOTFRVËODJBTEFVNDVJEBEPEFñDJFOUFFEFDPOEJÉ×FTBOUJIJHJÊOJDBT
UBOUPFNÃHVBTMJWSFT DPNPFNBRVÃSJPT
a) Causas ambientais
Temperatura:$BEBFTQÊDJFOFDFTTJUBEFVNBUFNQFSBUVSBJEFBMQBSBPTFVDSFTDJNFOUPFSFQSPEVÉÈP
4FPTMJNJUFTEFUFNQFSBUVSBJEFBJTOÈPGPSFNSFTQFJUBEPT QPEFSÃGBWPSFDFSÆJOTUBMBÉÈPEFEPFOÉBT
Transparência: FTUÃSFMBDJPOBEBQSFTFOÉBEFTFEJNFOUPTFBQSPEVÉÈPEFQMÄODUPO0QMÄODUPOÊVN
BMJNFOUPDPNVNBÓQUJNBDPNQPTJÉÈPOVUSJDJPOBMF FNDVMUJWPTFYUFOTJWPT ÊJOEJTQFOTÃWFMQBSBVNB
EJFUBNBJTFRVJMJCSBEB"BVTËODJBEPQMÄODUPOQPEFDBVTBSVNEÊñDFOVUSJDJPOBMFGBDJMJUBSPTVSHJNFOUP
de doenças.
0YJHÊOJPBGBMUBEFPYJHÊOJPQPEFMFWBSBPTUSFTTñTJPMÓHJDPFQSFEJTQPTJÉÈPÆTEPFOÉBT&NUBORVFT
TVQFSBEVCBEPTFPVDPNFYDFTTPEFQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUFPDPSSFBGBMUBEFPYJHÊOJP
pH:WBMPSFTGPSBEPJOUFSWBMPJEFBMQBSBBFTQÊDJFFNDVMUJWPQPEFNQPSVNMBEPJOUFSGFSJSOFHBUJWBNFOUF
OBTSFBDÉ×FTñTJPMÓHJDBTEPTBOJNBJTFQPSPVUSPMBEP FMJNJOBSPVEJñDVMUBSBGPSNBÉÈPEPQMÄODUPO
Compostos nitrogenados:FYDFTTPEFBNÓOJB OJUSJUPT OJUSBUPTFVSFJBTÈPUÓYJDPTFQPEFNDBVTBSP
TUSFTTOPTQFJYFT QSFEJTQPOEPMIFTBPTVSHJNFOUPEFEPFOÉBTPVDBVTBOEPJOUPYJDBÉ×FTGBUBJT
1SPEVUPTBHSPUÓYJDPTGVOHJDJEBT IFSCJDJEBTPVJOTFDUJDJEBTVTBEPTOPDPNCBUFÆTQSBHBTOBTDVMUVSBT
TÈPPVUSBGPOUFEFQPMVJÉÈPQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB&TUFTQSPEVUPTHFSBMNFOUFEFTUSPFNPQMÄODUPOFQPEFN
DBVTBSBNPSUFEPTQFJYFTQPSJOUPYJDBÉÈP
b) Causas nutricionais
0T QFJYFT DPN EÊñDF BMJNFOUBS UBOUP EF BMJNFOUP OBUVSBM DPNP BSUJñDJBM ñDBN EFCJMJUBEPT F
47
BQSFTFOUBNNFOPSSFTJTUËODJBÆTJOGFDÉ×FTEVSBOUFPDVMUJWP
"EFñDJËODJBWJUBNÎOJDBEJNJOVJBDBQBDJEBEFEFDJDBUSJ[BÉÈP EFGFSJNFOUPTDBVTBEPTQFMPNBOVTFBNFOUP
EVSBOUFBQFTDBPVUSBOTQPSUFFBVNFOUBBTQSPCBCJMJEBEFTEFJOTUBMBÉ×FTEFCBDUÊSJBTFWÎSVTOFTTBT
MFT×FT
c) Causas ligadas ao maneio
r "MUBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMOPTUBORVFTRVFGBWPSFDFÆSÃQJEBEJTTFNJOBÉÈPEPTBHFOUFTQB
UPHÊOJDPT
r &YQPTJÉÈPFYDFTTJWBÆTTVCTUÄODJBTUÓYJDBTDPNPJOTFDUJDJEBTFNFEJDBNFOUPTRVFSFTVMUBFN
JOUPYJDBÉ×FT
r *OUSPEVÉÈPEFÃHVBDPOUBNJOBEBOBTVOJEBEFTEFDVMUJWP
r "ENJOJTUSBÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTDPOUBNJOBEBT FTQFDJBMNFOUFÆCBTFEFQSPEVUPTSFTJEVBJTEFBOJNBJT OÈPFT
UFSJMJ[BEPT

"EVCBÉÈPDPNNBUFSJBMDPOUBNJOBEP
d) Factores determinantes para o aparecimento de doenças
&YUSFNPTOBBMJNFOUBÉÈP JTUPÊUBYBTFYDFTTJWBNFOUFBMUBTPVCBJYBT BTTPDJBEBTÆGSBDBUSPDBEFÃHVB
TÈPDPOTJEFSBEPTPTGBDUPSFTNBJTDPNVOTRVFEFUFSNJOBNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOÉBTFNVOJEBEFT
EFDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT&TUBTDPOEJÉ×FTSFTVMUBNOPBDÙNVMPEFSFTÎEVPTPSHÄOJDPTRVFTÈPTVCTUSBUPF
BMJNFOUPFYDFMFOUFQBSBCBDUÊSJBTFQBSBTJUBT SFTVMUBOEPOVNBVNFOUPEBQSPCBCJMJEBEFEFTVSHJNFOUP
de doenças.
IV. MECANISMOS DE DEFESA

0T QFJYFT FN DVMUJWP FTUÈP FYQPTUPT ÆT WÃSJBT DPOEJÉ×FT BEWFSTBT DPNP BT SFQFOUJOBT BMUFSBÉ×FT
BNCJFOUBJT F EF RVBMJEBEF EF ÃHVB Æ QSFTFOÉB EF PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHÊOJDPT FUD .BT DPNP QFJYFT
EJTQ×FNEFEJWFSTPTNFDBOJTNPTEFSFTQPTUBÆFTTBTDPOEJÉ×FTBEWFSTBT FTUFTNVJUBTWF[FTSFTJTUFN
EFWJEPBPTTFVNFDBOJTNPTEFEFGFTB
B
.FDBOJTNPTOÈPFTQFDÎñDPTTÈPOBUPTEPBOJNBMFDBSBDUFSÎTUJDPTEBFTQÊDJFSFTVMUBEP EF
IFSBOÉBHFOÊUJDB
O muco:ÊBTVCTUÄODJBQSFTFOUFFNUPEBBTVQFSGÎDJFFYUFSJPSEPQFJYFRVFUFNDPNPGVOÉ×FTGBDJMJUBS
BOBUBÉÈPQPSSFEVÉÈPEPBUSJUPDPNBÃHVBFHBSBOUJSBPTNPSSFHVMBÉÈP0NVDPGVODJPOBUBNCÊN
DPNP VNB JNQPSUBOUF CBSSFJSB DPOUSB PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHÊOJDPT QPSRVF OFMF FODPOUSBNTF UBNCÊN
TVCTUÄODJBT CBDUFSJDJEBT F GVOHJDJEBT BOUJDPSQPT F FO[JNBT RVF EFTUSPFN BT DÊMVMBT EPT PSHBOJTNPT
JOWBTPSFT"QSPEVÉÈPEPNVDPÊVNNFDBOJTNPIPSNPOBMFÊNFMIPSBEBDPNVNBEJFUBBEFRVBEB
BQMJDBÉÈPEFVNBTBMJOJEBEFEBÃHVBPVQ)BEFRVBEPTÆFTQÊDJFFNDVMUJWP
"BQMJDBÉÈPDPOUÎOVBEFQSPEVUPTPYJEBUJWPTDPNPPDMPSP ÃHVBPYJHFOBEBPVQFSNBOHBOBUPEFQPUÃTTJP
EFTUSPFNPNVDP FYQPOEPPTBOJNBJTBPBUBRVFQBSBTJUÃSJPFQBUPHÊOJDP
As escamas:BTFTDBNBTFBQFMFTÈPBQSPUFDÉÈPNFDÄOJDBEPTQFJYFTFBKVEBNOBSFHVMBÉÈPPTNÓUJDB
0TQFJYFTRVFOÈPBQSFTFOUBNFTDBNBTFTUÈPNBJTTVKFJUPTÆTMFT×FTFQPSJTTPEFTFOWPMWFSBNIÃCJUPT
EFWJEBRVFPTQSPUFHFN DPNPBDBNVóBHFNOPMPEP
0TQBSBTJUBTRVFTFñYBNOBTFTDBNBTGBWPSFDFNÆTVBQFSEBFTVCTFRVFOUFJOTUBMBÉÈPEFCBDUÊSJBTF
48
GVOHPTQBUPHÊOJDPT0TDVJEBEPTOPNBOVTFBNFOUPEFWFN ÆTFNFMIBOÉBEPNVDP TFSUPNBEPTQBSB
evitar a perda de escamas.
0TJTUFNBJNVOPMÓHJDPPTJTUFNBJNVOPMÓHJDPEPTQFJYFTFQBSUFEFDÊMVMBTTBOHVÎOFBT UBMDPNPEF
PVUSPTBOJNBJT QPTTVFNEJWFSTBTFO[JNBTRVFEFTUSPFNBTCBDUÊSJBTFPTWÎSVT
"GBHPDJUPTFÊPQSJODJQBMNFDBOJTNPEFEFGFTBDFMVMBS EVSBOUFBRVBMTVCTUÄODJBTFDÊMVMBTFTUSBOIBT
CFN DPNP QBSUF EF UFDJEPT EFHFOFSBEPT TÈP EFTUSVÎEBT F SFBCTPSWJEBT 0T MFVDÓDJUPT PV HMÓCVMPT
CSBODPTEPTÈPBTDÊMVMBTEPTBOHVFSFTQPOTÃWFJTQPSFTUBGVOÉÈP
1BSBBVYJMJBSFTUBQSPUFDÉÈP PTUSPNCÓDJUPTBDUVBNOBDPBHVMBÉÈPEPTBOHVF FWJUBOEPIFNPSSBHJBTFPT
FSJUSÓDJUPTPVHMÓCVMPTWFSNFMIPTUSBOTQPSUBNPPYJHÊOJPEBTCSÄORVJBTQBSBPTUFDJEPT
Reconstituição de tecidosPTQFJYFTUËNHSBOEFDBQBDJEBEFEFSFHFOFSBSUFDJEPTEBOJñDBEPTFQBSB
UBMDPOUBNDPNPQSPDFTTPEFJOóBNBÉÈPQBSBPDPNCBUFEFBHFOUFTJOWBTPSFT%VSBOUFPBUBRVFEF
PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHÊOJDPT PT QFJYFT SFBHFN DPN JOóBNBÉ×FT EPT UFDJEPT BGFDUBEPT 0 QSPDFTTP EF
JOóBNBÉÈPÊDPOTUJUVÎEPQPSBVNFOUPEPNFUBCPMJTNPQSPUÊJDPMPDBM BVNFOUPEBTÎOUFTFEFMFVDÓDJUPT
FBDUJWBÉÈPEPTJTUFNBGBHPDJUÃSJP EFTUSVJOEPPBHFOUFQBUPHÊOJDP
Reacção de emergência:QFJYFTTVCNFUJEPTÆDPOEJÉ×FTBNCJFOUBJTRVFTVQFSFNBTTVBTDBQBDJEBEFT
BEBQUBUJWBTOPSNBJT TPGSFNBMUFSBÉ×FTIPSNPOBJT NFUBCÓMJDBT ñTJPMÓHJDBTFGÎTJDBT EJNJOVJOEPBTVB
TPCSFWJWËODJB&NSFTQPTUB PTQFJYFTSFBHFNBVNFOUBOEPBWBTPDPOTUSJÉÈP BQSFTTÈPTBOHVÎOFBFB
JSSJHBÉÈPOBSFHJÈPEBTCSÄORVJBT BUSBWÊTEBBESFOBMJOB
%FDPSSFPBVNFOUPEBGSFRVËODJBSFTQJSBUÓSJBFEBRVBOUJEBEFEFHMJDPTFOPTBOHVF DPNPSFGPSÉPEF
PYJHÊOJPFFOFSHJBQBSBBTSFBDÉ×FTEFFNFSHËODJB
C
3FBDÉ×FTFTQFDÎñDBTTÈPBTBMUFSBÉ×FTJNVOPMÓHJDBTBERVJSJEBT
Imunidade humoral: Ê B QSPEVÉÈP EF BOUJDPSQPT FTQFDÎñDPT BT JNVOVHMPCVMJOBT
BQFOBT BQÓT B
EFUFDÉÈPEBQSFTFOÉBEFPSHBOJTNPTPVTVCTUÄODJBTFTUSBOIBT
Imunidade celular:BMHVNBTEBTDÊMVMBTRVFBDUVBNEVSBOUFBJNVOJEBEFIVNPSBM BERVJSFNiNFNÓSJB
JNVOPMÓHJDBuFFTUÈPQSPOUBTQBSBDPNCBUFSPNFTNPBHFOUFQBUPHÊOJDPFNTJUVBÉ×FTGVUVSBT&TUFUJQP
EFJNVOJEBEFÊDPNVNFNVJUPJNQPSUBOUFEVSBOUFBTJOGFDÉ×FTDSÓOJDBT EBOEPBPQPSUVOJEBEFEP
PSHBOJTNPEPQFJYFSFBHJSEFJNFEJBUPBPTJOWBTPSFT
V. PRINCIPAIS SINAIS QUE AUXILIAM NA DETECÇÃO DE DOENÇAS E

DEFICIÊNCIAS NUTRICIONAIS
"TEFñDJËODJBTOVUSJDJPOBJT DPNPGPJSFGFSJEPBOUFSJPSNFOUF GBWPSFDFNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOÉBT0T

TFVTTJOUPNBTDPOGVOEFNTF NBTTÈPVNBMFSUBQBSBPQSPEVUPS0TQSJODJQBJTTJOUPNBTRVFBVYJMJBNOB
EFUFDÉÈPEFEFñDJËODJBTOVUSJDJPOBJTFEPFOÉBTOPTQFJYFTTÈP
5.1.Sinais comportamentais:
m "OPSFYJBPVIJQPSFYJBmQFSEBUPUBMPVQBSDJBMEFBQFUJUF
m "TñYJBmQFJYFTOBTVQFSGÎDJFEBÃHVB FNNPWJNFOUPTEFBCSJSFGFDIBSBCPDB
– Prurido
m QFJYFTSPÉBOEPBTQBSFEFTPVFNBMHVNBPVUSBTVQFSGÎDJF
49
m -FUBSHJBmQFJYFTQBSBEPTPVDPNSFEVÉÈPEFSFóFYPTPVBJOEB
m 1FJYFTFYDFTTJWBNFOUFBHJUBEPT
m /BUBÉÈPFNDÎSDVMPTPVDPNPDPSQPFNQPTJÉÈPMBUFSBM
m %JTUSJCVJÉÈPBOPSNBMEPTQFJYFTOPUBORVF
5.2.Sinais clínicos externos:
m $PMPSBÉÈPBOPSNBM FTDVSFDJNFOUPPVQBMJEF[

m %FGPSNBÉ×FTDPSQPSBJT
m &SPTÈPPVQPESJEÈPEBTCBSCBUBOBT
m )FNPSSBHJBTOPTPMIPT DPSQP CBSCBUBOBTPVCPDB
m -FT×FTDPSQPSBJT
m .BODIBTEFTQJHNFOUBEBTOPDPSQP
m %FGPSNBÉ×FTEPBCEÓNFO JODIBÉPPVBMPOHBNFOUP

m 4BMJËODJBFPQBDJEBEFEPTPMIPT
m &YDFTTPEFQSPEVÉÈPEFNVDP
m 1BMJEF[ OFDSPTFPVEFGPSNJEBEFEBTCSÄORVJBT
5.3.Sinais clínicos internos:

m )FNPSSBHJB MFT×FTPVDPMPSBÉÈPBOPSNBMOPTÓSHÈPTJOUFSOPT
m 'MVÎEPPQBDPOBDBWJEBEFBCEPNJOBM
m 'MVÎEPBNBSFMBEPPVTBOHVJOPMFOUPOPJOUFTUJOP
m "VNFOUPEPUBNBOIP IJQFSQMBTUJB
EPTÓSHÈPTJOUFSOPT
VI. MEDIDAS A SEREM TOMADAS EM CASOS DE DOENÇAS NO TANQUE
4FNQSF RVF VN QJTDJDVMUPS EFUFDUBS B QSFTFOÉB EF QFJYFT DPN DPNQPSUBNFOUP GPSB EP OPSNBM PV
BOPNBMJBTGÎTJDBTFYUFSOBTPVJOUFSOBTOPTQFJYFT EFWF
r 1SPDVSBSBQPJPEFVNQSPñTTJPOBMDBQBDJUBEPQBSBEBSBTPSJFOUBÉ×FTOFDFTTÃSJBT
r 3FDPMIFSVNBBNPTUSBFFODBNJOIBSQBSBPMBCPSBUÓSJPNBJTQSÓYJNPQBSBFGFJUPTEFBOÃMJTF
r &OUFSSBSPTQFJYFT DPMPDBOEPTFVNBDBNBEBEFDBMWJWBQPSDJNB FNDBTPEFNPSUBMJEBEF
FYDFTTJWB
0QJTDJDVMUPSOÈPEFWF
r "ENJOJTUSBSRVBMRVFSNFEJDBNFOUP BOUFTEFDPOTVMUBSVNUÊDOJDPIBCJMJUBEPQBSBPFGFJUP
r 6TBSPTBQFUSFDIPTPVUSPTUBORVFTTBVEÃWFJTNBTFNTBSPTBQFUSFDIPTEFQFTDB SFEFT UBSSBGBTF
PVUSPT
EPTUBORVFTDPNQSPCMFNBTFNPVUSPTUBORVFTTBVEÃWFJT
50
VII. PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS
&NBNCJFOUFOBUVSBM BTQPTTJCJMJEBEFTEPTQFJYFTñDBSFNEPFOUFTTÈPNVJUPQFRVFOBT&NDBUJWFJSP
FTTBDPOEJÉÈPQPEFQSFWBMFDFSEFTEFRVFNFEJEBTEFQSFWFOÉÈPTFKBNUPNBEBT
1SFWFOJOEP QPEFNPT FWJUBS P BQBSFDJNFOUP EF GBDUPSFT RVF QPEFSJBN QSPWPDBS P TVSHJNFOUP EF
EPFOÉBTOPTQFJYFTPVBTVBDPOUBNJOBÉÈPQPSQBSBTJUBT"NFEJEBDIBWFQBSBBQSFWFOÉÈPEBTEPFOÉBTÊ
BTTFHVSBSBRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB OVUSJÉÈPFRVJMJCSBEBFNBOFJPBEFRVBEPOPTUBORVFT$POUVEP DVJEBEPT
BEJDJPOBJTEFWFNTFSUPNBEPT
Cuidados na construção dos tanques
r 0UBORVFEFWFTFSDPOTUSVÎEPFNMPDBMTFNSJTDPEFDPOUBNJOBÉÈPQPSBHSPUÓYJDPT JTUPÊ
MPDBMPOEFOÈPIBKBSJTDPEBÃHVBQSPWFOJFOUFEBBHSJDVMUVSB FTQFDJBMNFOUFTFFTUBGPSÆ
CBTFEFBHSPUÓYJDPT
QBTTBSQBSBPUBORVFQJTDÎDPMB
r /VODBDPOTUSVJSUBORVFTJOUFSMJHBEPT QBSBFWJUBSBEJTTFNJOBÉÈPEFEPFOÉBTEFVNUBORVF
para o outro.
r %FTJOGFDÉÈPEPTUBORVFTBOUFTEPQPWPBNFOUP
r $PMPDBÉÈPEFñMUSPTQBSBFMJNJOBSPVFWJUBSBFOUSBEBEFPSHBOJTNPTJOEFTFKBEPT
Planeamento prévio das operações de rotina:
r 4FMFDDJPOBSFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTRVFTFBEBQUFNCFNBPDMJNBEBSFHJÈP
r .BUFSJBMEFUSBOTQPSUFFSFDFQÉÈPEPTOPWPTQFJYFTEFWFFTUBSEFWJEBNFOUFMJNQPF TF
QPTTÎWFM EFTJOGFDUBEP
r $FSUJñDBSTFEFRVFOPWPTQPWPBNFOUPTTÈPGFJUPTDPNQFJYFTTBVEÃWFJTFMJWSFTEFPSHBOJTNPT
QBUPHÊOJDPT
r $PMPDBSPTOPWPTPSHBOJTNPTFNRVBSFOUFOB
Gestão adequada das unidades de cultivo
r "TTFHVSBSBOVUSJÉÈPCBMBODFBEBFEPTFBEBDPOGPSNFPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWPFJEBEFEPTQFJYFT
r "TTFHVSBSRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBFNBOFJPBEFRVBEPT
r %FMJDBEF[BEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFFBQFTDBQBSDJBM
7.4. Higiene, limpeza e monitoria dos tanques
r &WJUBSPVTPEFSBÉ×FTFNCPMPSBEBTPVGFSNFOUBEBT
r 3FNPWFSPTQFJYFTNPSUPTr&WJUBSPVTPFYDFTTJWPEFRVÎNJDPTPVNFEJDBNFOUPT
r %FQPJTEFQPWPBEPPUBORVFEFWFTFNPOJUPSBSQFSJPEJDBNFOUFPTQBSÄNFUSPTGÎTJDPTRVÎNJDPT
EBÃHVB
r /VODBVTBSPTUBORVFTDPNPiQJTDJOBTuQBSBPMB[FSIVNBOP
7.5. Observar os sinais de alerta
r $PNQPSUBNFOUPBOPSNBMEPTQFJYFT
r "MUFSBÉ×FTGÎTJDBTFYUFSJPSFT
51
VIII. PARASITAS DOS PEIXES
0T QBSBTJUBT FTUÈP QSFTFOUFT FN UPEPT PT BNCJFOUFT NBT FN DBUJWFJSP TÈP NBJT BCVOEBOUFT F
OPSNBMNFOUF TÈP NBJT BDUJWPT EFWJEP Æ GSBHJMJEBEF SFTVMUBOUF EF VN NBJPS TUSFTT BQSFTFOUBEP QFMPT
QFJYFTOFTTFTBNCJFOUFT0TQBSBTJUBTNBJTDPNVOTTÈP
r "SHVMPTF "SHVMVTKBQPOJDVN
QJPMIPEFQFJYF
4ÈPDPQÊQPEFTPWBJTBDIBUBEPTRVFNFEFNEFBNNFFYJTUFNDFSDBEFFTQÊDJFTFNUPEPP
NVOEP1BSFDFNTFSVNJNQPSUBOUFWFDUPSEFEPFOÉBTWJSBJTFCBDUFSJBOBTOBDBSQBDPNVN0QJPMIPEF
QFJYFñYBTFOPDPSQPPVCBSCBUBOBTQPSWFOUPTBTFBMJNFOUBTFEFóVJEPTDPSQPSBJTRVFTVHBBUSBWÊTEF
QSPCÓTDJEFT3BSBNFOUFQSPWPDBBNPSUFEPQFJYFNBT VNBJOGFTUBÉÈPTFWFSBDBVTBBOFNJB DPOEV[JOEP
ÆQFSEFEFQFTP FSFEVÉÈPEPDSFTDJNFOUP
$PNPP"SHVMVTOÈPÊTFOTÎWFMÆFMFWBÉÈPEBTBMJOJEBEF PDPOUSPMPÊGFJUPBQFOBTDPNPVTPEFJOTFDUJDJEBT
UBMDPNPPEJNFUJM EJCSPNP EJDMPSPFUJMGPTGBUPOBDPODFOUSBÉÈP B NH-
r $PTUÎBTF $PTUJBOFDBUSJY

%PFOÉB EF WÊV BUBDB OB NBJPSJB EBT WF[FT BMFWJOPT DPN DSFTDJNFOUP SFUBSEBEP 0T TJOUPNBT TÈP P
TVSHJNFOUPEFVNBDPCFSUVSBUJQPWÊVOBTCBSCBUBOBT QFMFFCSÄORVJBT CFNDPNPNVDPOBTHVFMSBT
6NB TPMVÉÈP EF EF /B$M TBM EF DP[JOIB
EVSBOUF B NJOVUPT PV GPSNPM FN NM
EF GPSNPM B QPS NM EF ÃHVB
EVSBOUF NJOVUPT Ê TVñDJFOUF QBSB BUFOVBS PT FGFJUPT EFTUB
DPOUBNJOBÉÈP
r (JSPEBDUJMPTF (ZSPEBDUZVTTQ

0(ZSPEBDUZVTTQÊVNUSFNÃUPEP WFSNF
DPNHBODIPTñYBEPSFT DBQB[EFDPNQMFUBSPTFVDJDMPEF
vida num único hospedeiro.
&NCPSBQPTTBTFSFODPOUSBEPOBTCSÄORVJBT P(ZSPEBDUZVTTQñYBTFOPSNBMNFOUFOBQFMFFCBSCBUBOBT
EPT QFJYFT 0T QFJYFT DPOUBNJOBEPT ñDBN DPN B DPS QÃMJEB DPSQP DPCFSUP QPS NVDP F CBSCBUBOBT
RVFCSBEJÉBT"NPSUBOEBEFFOUSFBMFWJOPTFKVWFOJTQPEFTFSBMUB
0DPOUSPMPÊHFSBMNFOUFGFJUPDPNSFDVSTPÆCBOIPTEFGPSNBMJOBEFBNMNQPSVNBIPSB
PVNMNQPSUFNQPJOEFñOJEP"NCPTUSBUBNFOUPTEFWFNTFSFGFDUVBEPTFNUBORVFTEFNBUFSJBM
JNQFSNFÃWFMDPNPñCSBEFWJESP QMÃTUJDPPVDJNFOUP
r *DUJPGUJSÎBTF (Ichthyophthirius multifilis)
VNBQBSBTJUPTFQSPUP[PÃSJBEFEJGÎDJMDPOUSPMP DBQB[EFJOGFTUBSEJWFSTBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT0TQFJYFT
NBJTKPWFOTTÈPNBJTTVTDFQUÎWFJTÆDPOUBNJOBÉÈPEPRVFPTBEVMUPT
0iÎDUJPu DPNPUBNCÊNÊDPOIFDJEBFTUBEPFOÉB ÊDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSBQBSFDJNFOUPEFQPOUPTCSBODPT
BPMPOHPEFUPEPPDPSQP FTQFDJBMNFOUFOBTCBSCBUBOBT WJTÎWFJTBPMIPOV"QSFTFOÉBEPQSPUP[PÃSJP
DJMJBEP SFTVMUB FN JSSJUBÉÈP F P QFJYF SFBHF DPN NPWJNFOUPT RVF P QFSNJUBN SBTQBS B QFMF B BMHVN
TVCTUSBUP 1PS PVUSP MBEP PDPSSF UBNCÊN FYDFTTJWB QSPEVÉÈP EF NVDP F QSVSJEP EFWJEP B JSSJUBÉÈP
DBVTBEBQFMBQSFTFOÉBEPNFTNPQSPUP[PÃSJP
" BMUB UFNQFSBUVSB OÈP GBWPSFDF P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EB iÎDUJPu BTTJN B ÊQPDB NBJT RVFOUF EP BOP Ê
RVBOEPPTQFJYFTFTUÈPNBJTMJWSFTEFTTBJOGFTUBÉÈP0USBUBNFOUPÊGFJUPEFEJWFSTBTNBOFJSBT FOUSFFMBT
r 7FSEFEFNBMBRVJUBB NH-EVSBOUFIPSBT FNBBQMJDBÉ×FT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBT
entre as mesmas.
52
r 'PSNBMJOBFOUSFFNMN FNBBQMJDBÉ×FT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBTFOUSFBTNFTNBT
QPSUFNQPJOEFñOJEP
r $PNCJOBÉÈPEFNMNEFGPSNBMJOBDPN HNEFWFSEFNBMBRVJUB&TUFUSBUBNFOUPÊ
NBJTFñDB[RVFPTSFTUBOUFT DPOUVEP PVTPEFWFSEFNBMBRVJUBOÈPÊQFSNJUJEPFNQFJYFTRVF
TÈPEFTUJOBEPTBPDPOTVNPIVNBOP0VUSBTNFEJEBTQPEFNTFSUPNBEBTQBSBBUFOVBSPT
FGFJUPTEPiÎDUJPu
r 5SPDBTUPUBJTEFÃHVBNBJTGSFRVFOUFT
r "VNFOUPEPóVYPEFÃHVB
r &MFWBÉÈPEBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBBUÊDFSDBEF$0TQFJYFTRVFTFSFDVQFSBNEFVNB
JDUJPGUJSÎBTFHBOIBNSFTJTUËODJBÆOPWBTDPOUBNJOBÉ×FT
r 4BQSPMFHOJPTF(Saprolegnia sp.)
4BQSPMFHOJPTF Ê VNB EBT JOGFDÉ×FT GÙOHJDBT NBJT GSFRVFOUFT RVF BGFDUB QFJYFT EF UPEBT JEBEFT FN
EJWFSTPT MVHBSFT EP NVOEP F BMJNFOUBNTF EF NBUÊSJB PSHÄOJDB FN EFDPNQPTJÉÈP 0 FYDFTTP EF
NBUÊSJB PSHÄOJDB OBT VOJEBEFT EF DVMUJWP BMJBEBT Æ NÃ OVUSJÉÈP F MFT×FT GÎTJDBT QPEF EFTFODBEFBS P
EFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFTUFTGVOHPTFJOGFDÉ×FT&NQFSÎPEPTEFCBJYBTUFNQFSBUVSBT QBSBQFJYFTUSPQJDBJT
PVBQÓTBQFTDBPVUSBOTQPSUF BJNVOJEBEFFTUÃ HFSBMNFOUF NBJTCBJYB GBWPSFDFOEPBDPOUBNJOBÉÈP
QPSFTUFUJQPEFGVOHPT
&TUFT GVOHPT JOTUBMBNTF FN MFT×FT FYUFSOBT DBVTBEBT QPS BHSFTT×FT CBDUÊSJBT PV PVUSPT QBSBTJUBT
0 TFV DSFTDJNFOUP Ê NBJT BDFMFSBEP FN UFNQFSBUVSBT FOUSF F $ DPN UFOEËODJB B SFEV[JS FN
temperaturas mais elevadas.
0T TJOBJT EF JOGFTUBÉÈP TÈP P BQBSFDJNFOUP EF VNB NBTTB NJDFMJBM ñMBNFOUPTB
FTCSBORVJÉBEB PV
BDJO[FOUBEBDPCSJOEPQBSDJBMNFOUFPDPSQPEPQFJYF
%VSBOUFBJODVCBÉÈPEPTPWPT BJOGFDÉÈPPDPSSFBQFOBTFNPWPTNPSUPTPTRVBJTTÈPTVCTUSBUPTSJDPT
para o seu crescimento.
"QSJNFJSBNFEJEBEFDPOUSPMPÊBDPSSFDÉÈPEBTDBVTBTRVFQSFEJTQ×FNGFJUPDPNFNFSTÈPFNTPMVÉB
EFB[VMEFNFUJMFOPPVWFSEFEFNBMBRVJUBB NHMJUSPEVSBOUFIPSBT
IX. TIPOS DE TRATAMENTO

"TTJN QBSB VN DPOUSPMP BEFRVBEP EB TBOJEBEF FN QJTDJDVMUVSB B 13&7&/¬«0 Ê B NFMIPS BSNB /P
FOUBOUP RVBOEPBEPFOÉBKÃFTUÃJOTUBMBEBEFWFSÈPTFSQSFDFEJEPTPTUSBUBNFOUPT
"TGPSNBTEFUSBUBNFOUPNBJTFNQSFHBEBTTÈP
r 5ÓQJDPBQMJDBÉÈPEPNFEJDBNFOUPEJSFDUBNFOUFOPTMPDBJTEFJOGFDÉÈP EFWFOEPTFFWJUBS
VNDPOUBDUPEJSFDUPEPTQSPEVUPTDPNBTCSÄORVJBT
r *OKFDÉÈPQSJODJQBMNFOUFEFBOUJCJÓUJDPTFNQFJYFTEFHSBOEFWBMPS DPNPSFQSPEVUPSFT
QFJYFTPSOBNFOUBJT FUD
r 3BÉÈPNFEJDBEBGB[TFBJNQSFHOBÉÈPEPNFEJDBNFOUPOBSBÉÈP HFSBMNFOUFDPNBOUJCJÓUJDPT

r #BOIPTSÃQJEPTDPOTJTUFOBFYQPTJÉÈPEPTQFJYFTBVNBFMFWBEBDPODFOUSBÉÈPEP
NFEJDBNFOUPQPSÊNEFDVSUBEVSBÉÈP TFHVOEPTBNJOVUPT

r #BOIPTQSPMPOHBEPTPVGMVYPDPOUÎOVPPTQFJYFTTÈPTVCNFUJEPTBVNBCBJYB
53
DPODFOUSBÉÈPEPNFEJDBNFOUPQPSQFSÎPEPTNBJTMPOHPT NJOVUPTBIPSBT
1BSBPT
CBOIPTQSPñMÃUJDPTEFBMFWJOPT TÈPOFDFTTÃSJPTUBORVFTFTQFDÎñDPT TFOEPOPSNBMNFOUF
VUJMJ[BEPTEFQÓTJUPTEFÃHVBEFMJUSPTPVMJUSPT
r 5SBUBNFOUPQPSUFNQPJOEFñOJEPPTQFJYFTñDBNFYQPTUPTBVNBCBJYBDPODFOUSBÉÈP
UFSBQËVUJDBQPSUFNQPJOEFUFSNJOBEP&TUBGPSNBEFUSBUBNFOUPÊCBTUBOUFFNQSFHBEBFN
UBORVFTJNQFSNFÃWFJTFEFUFSSBEFHSBOEFTEJNFOT×FT
0CTFSWBÉ×FT
-BSWBTFBMFWJOPTTÈPNBJTTFOTÎWFJTBQSPEVUPTRVÎNJDPTRVFQFJYFTBEVMUPT
2VBOUPNBJPSBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVB NBJPSBUPYJDJEBEFEFVNDFSUPQSPEVUPBPTQFJYFT
2VBOUPNFMIPSFTGPSFNBTDPOEJÉ×FTEBRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB PYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP Q) HÃT
DBSCÓOJDPFCBJYBTDPODFOUSBÉ×FTEFNFUBCÓMJDPTDPNPBBNÓOJBFOJUSJUP
NBJTGBDJMNFOUF
VNUSBUBNFOUPDPNQSPEVUPTRVÎNJDPTTFSÃUPMFSBEPQFMPTQFJYFT
54
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
CAPTURA, TRANSPORTE E PROCESSAMENTO
Módulo 7
CAPTURA E PROCESSAMENTO
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
I. INTRODUÇÃO
II. PESCA TOTAL
%FQVSBÉÈPEPTQFJYFT
$VJEBEPTDPNPEFTQFKPEBÃHVB
(BJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
III. PESCA PARCIAL
IV. TAMANHO DO PEIXE CAPTURADO
V. TRANSPORTE DO PEIXE
VI. PROCESSAMENTO
55
56
I. INTRODUÇÃO
"IJTUÓSJBEBBRVBDVMUVSBJOJDJPVDPNBOFDFTTJEBEFEFTFDPOTVNJSQFJYFGSFTDPFNSFHJ×FTEFTGBWPSFDJEBT
QPSFTUFSFDVSTP%BNFTNBNBOFJSBRVFTFDSJBNGSBOHPTFTFFTDPMIFNBMHVOTQBSBPBCBUF QBSBP
DPOTVNP GBNJMJBS P QFJYF DSJBEP TPGSJB P NFTNP USBUBNFOUP $PN P QBTTBS EP UFNQP B OFDFTTJEBEF
EF BVNFOUP EF SFOEB MFWPV Æ DPNFSDJBMJ[BÉÈP EPT QFJYFT QSPEV[JEPT /FTTF QSPDFTTP B DBQUVSB
SFQSFTFOUBWBPNPNFOUPNVJUPFTQFSBEPQFMPQSPEVUPSFQFMBDPNVOJEBEF POEFPTQFJYFTEFNBJPS
UBNBOIPFNFMIPSBQBSËODJBFSBNEJTQVUBEPT.VJUPTEFTTFTQFJYFTFSBNDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPTWJWPTFBTVB
TPCSFWJWËODJBEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFHBSBOUJBBPDPNFSDJBOUFPSFUPSOPEPTDPNQSBEPSFTOBQSPEVÉÈP
TFHVJOUF
'PJPCTFSWBEPRVFPNBOVTFBNFOUPEPTQFJYFTEVSBOUFBDBQUVSBFSBUÈPJNQPSUBOUFRVBOUPEVSBOUFP
DVMUJWPQPJT TFSFBMJ[BEPEFGPSNBJODPSSFDUB DBVTBWBTUSFTTFDPNQSPNFUJBBRVBMJEBEFEPQFJYF/FTUF
DPOUFYUP PKFKVNBOUFTEBQFTDBSFWFMPVTFNVJUPJNQPSUBOUF VNBWF[RVFSFEV[JBPTEJTUÙSCJPTRVF
BBDUJWJEBEFQVEFTTFDBVTBSBPTQFJYFT'PJBTTJNRVFPTQSPEVUPSFTEFQFJYFDPNFÉBSBNBEBSNBJT
importância à esta etapa da piscicultura.
"DBQUVSBPVQFTDBEPTQFJYFTWBSJBNVJUPDPNPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWPFUJQPEFVOJEBEFEFDVMUJWP
3FDPMIFOEPPTQFJYFTOPUBORVFWB[JPmQFTDBUPUBM
57
II. PESCA TOTAL
&NRVBMRVFSQSPDFTTPEFDSJBÉÈPÊOFDFTTÃSJPEBSTFVNUFNQPQBSBQFSNJUJSPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPT
PSHBOJTNPT/BQJTDJDVMUVSB EVSBOUFPTQSJNFJSPTDJODPNFTFTOÈPÊSFDPNFOEÃWFMRVFTFGBÉBRVBMRVFS
UJQPEFQFTDB KÃRVFEVSBOUFFTTFQFSÎPEPBNBJPSQBSUFEBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTFODPOUSBNTFFNGBTF
de crescimento acelerado.
" QFTDB UPUBM Ê P QSPDFTTP EF DBQUVSB EF UPEPT PT QFJYFT FYJTUFOUFT OB VOJEBEF EF DVMUJWP
JOEFQFOEFOUFNFOUF EP TFV UBNBOIP PV FTUÃHJP ñTJPMÓHJDP " SFTQFDUJWB VOJEBEF EF QSPEVÉÈP Ê EF
TFHVJEBMJNQB TFDBFQSFQBSBEBQBSBOPWPDJDMPEFQSPEVÉÈP
0QSPEVUPSEFWFSÃGB[FSVNQMBOFBNFOUPEFUVEPPQSFDJTBSÃQBSBRVFOÈPGBMUFNBUFSJBMOPNFNFOUP
EBDBQUVSB EFTEFPQFTTPBMBUÊPNBUFSJBMOFDFTTÃSJP%FWFSÃUFSFNDPOUBBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFNBUFSJBJT
DPNPSFEFT DPOUFOUPSFT CBMEFT TBDPT DPSEBT CPUJKBTEFPYJHÊOJP HFMP FUD
$BQUVSBEFWFSÃEFDPSSFSEFNBOIÈDFEP RVBOEPPEJBBJOEBFTUÃGSFTDP
&YJTUFNWÃSJPTNÊUPEPTEFDBQUVSBOBQFTDBUPUBMNBT PTNBJTDPOIFDJEPTTÈP
a) Drenagem dos tanques
&NUBORVFTEFHSBOEFTEJNFOT×FT POEFÊEJGÎDJMGB[FSPBSSBTUPEFSFEFQBSBDBQUVSB SFDPNFOEBTF
RVFEVSBOUFBDPOTUSVÉÈPEPTNFTNPT QSFQBSFTFVNBDBJYBFNCFUÈPEFEJNFOT×FTNFOPSFT
BEKBDFOUFBPUBORVF OBQBSUFNBJTQSPGVOEBEPNFTNP QBSBPOEFTÈPFODBNJOIBEPTPTQFJYFT
EVSBOUF P QSPDFTTP EF FTWB[JBNFOUP 1PTUFSJPSNFOUF FTTFT QFJYFT TÈP SFDPMIJEPT FN DBJYBT PV
cestos.
b) Redes de arrasto
&NUBORVFTQFRVFOPT EFGPSNBUPSFHVMBSFGVOEPQMBOPÊGÃDJMBVUJMJ[BÉÈPEFTUFNÊUPEP0OÎWFMEF
ÃHVBÊSFEV[JEPFFTUJDBTFQFSQFOEJDVMBSNFOUFVNBSFEFOVNBEBTFYUSFNJEBEFTEPUBORVF BRVBMÊ
BSSBTUBEBQBSBBDBQUVSB3FDPNFOEBTFRVFPGVOEPEPTUBORVFTOÈPUFOIBPCTUÃDVMPTFTFKBSFHVMBS
(plano).
&ORVBOUPTFGB[PBSSBTUP PTQFJYFTQPEFNTFSSFDPMIJEPTFNDFTUPTPVCBMEFT QBSBOÈPTPCSFDBSSFHBS
BSFEFOPñNEPNFTNP
"OUFT EF JOJDJBS B DBQUVSB Ê JNQPSUBOUF RVF TF GBÉB B WFSJñDBÉÈP PV NBOVUFOÉÈP SFMBUJWB Æ QPTTÎWFM
FYJTUËODJBEFWB[BNFOUPTOPUBORVF EJRVFT GVOEP UVCBHFOT FUD
BTTFHVSBSRVFBTFOUSBEBTFTBÎEBT
EFÃHVBOPUBORVFFTUÈPEFWJEBNFOUFQSPUFHJEBTQBSBJNQFEJSBGVHBEFQFJYFT SFUJSBSBTFSWBTEBOJOIBT
FNFYDFTTPOBTVQFSGÎDJFEPUBORVFFDPSUBSPDBQJNÆCFJSBEPUBORVF
0DPOUSPMPEFQSFEBEPSFTDPNPBWFTBRVÃUJDBT TBQPT DPCSBT MPOUSBTFPVUSPTBOJNBJT EFWFTFSNVJUP
CFNSFBMJ[BEPEFNPEPRVFFTUFTOÈPQFSUVSCFNBBDUJWJEBEF
3.1. Depuração dos peixes

0QFJYFDBQUVSBEPQPEFSÃTFSDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPWJWPPVBCBUJEP&NBNCPTPTDBTPT SFDPNFOEBTFRVFPT
QFJYFTQBTTFNQPSVNQFSÎPEPQSÊWJPEFDFSDBEFIPSBTEFKFKVN
0T QFJYFT PNOÎWPSPT DPNP BT UJMÃQJBT DPOTPNFN EJWFSTPT BMJNFOUPT DPN BMHBT MPEP EFUSJUPT F
BUÊ NJDSÓCJPT RVF MIFT DPOGFSFN VN DIFJSP DBSBDUFSÎTUJDP EFTBHSBEÃWFM QBSB B HSBOEF QBSUF EPT
DPOTVNJEPSFT/FTUFDBTP IÃOFDFTTJEBEFEFSFEV[JSPVFMJNJOBSPDIFJSPBMPEPQBSBRVFPQFJYFUFOIB
NBJPSBDFJUBÉÈPKVOUPBPTDPOTVNJEPSFT
58
0 QSPDFTTP EF EFQVSBÉÈP EPT QFJYFT Ê TJNQMFT PT QFJYFT EFWFN TFS FODBNJOIBEPT QBSB VN UBORVF
QSFGFSFODJBMNFOUFEFNBUFSJBMJNQFSNFÃWFMDPNPQMÃTUJDPPVDJNFOUP DPNÃHVBMJNQBFFNDJSDVMBÉÈP
%VSBOUFQFMPNFOPTIPSBTFTTFTQFJYFTEFWFSÈPTFSNBOUJEPTOFTTFBNCJFOUF TFNBMJNFOUBÉÈPQBSB
RVFñRVFNDPNPTJOUFTUJOPTMJNQPTFSFEV[BNPDIFJSPDBSBDUFSÎTUJDPEPTTFVTNÙTDVMPT
'JOEPFTUFQFSÎPEP PTQFJYFTQPEFNTFSDBQUVSBEPT QSPDFTTBEPTFPVDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPT
3.2. Cuidados com o despejo da água

"ÃHVBRVFTBJEPTUBORVFTOBQFTDBUPUBMOÈP OFDFTTBSJBNFOUF EFWFSÃTFSFMJNJOBEB.VJUBTWF[FT FTTB
ÃHVBBQSFTFOUBVNBRVBMJEBEFRVFRVÎNJDBFCJPMÓHJDBRVFQFSNJUFPTFVSFBQSPWFJUBNFOUP JTUPÊ B
RVBOUJEBEFEFQMÄODUPO PQ) POJUSPHÊOJPUPUBM FUD TÈPJEFBJTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT
SFDPNFOEÃWFMRVF TFNQSFRVFQPTTÎWFM TFSFDVQFSFBÃHVBEBDBQUVSBUPUBMQBSBVNDJDMPEFQSPEVÉÈP
TFHVJOUF&TTBÃHVBEFWFSÃTFSFODBNJOIBEBQBSBVNSFTFSWBUÓSJPFEFQPJTSFVUJMJ[BEBOVNOPWPDJDMP
EFQSPEVÉÈP
2VBOEPBÃHVBOÈPBQSFTFOUBRVBMJEBEFTBQSPQSJBEBTQBSBPDVMUJWPEBFTQÊDJFFNDBVTB FMBQPEFSÃTFS
FMJNJOBEB$POUVEP EFWFSÃTFSUSBUBEBQBSBRVFOÈPDBVTFEBOPTBPTDPSQPTEFÃHVBQBSBPOEFTFSÈP
direccionadas.
0TñMUSPTEFBSFJBFPTñMUSPTCJPMÓHJDPT CBDUÊSJBTRVFBCTPSWFNPTDPOUBNJOBOUFT
TÈPPTNBJTVTBEPT
FNQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWB&TUFTñMUSPTSFUËNRVBTFQPSDPNQMFUPPTDPOUBNJOBOUFTFBÃHVBÊEFTQFKBEB
DPNVNCBJYPOÎWFMEFQPMVJÉÈP
1BSBPTQSBUJDBOUFTEBQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFHSBEBDPNBBHSJDVMUVSB EFTQFKPEBTÃHVBTEPTUBORVFTQJTDÎDPMB
OBTQMBOUBÉ×FTÊVNBNBJTWBMJBQFMPTGBDUPTEFBUFSSBTFSWJSEFVNñMUSPOBUVSBMFPTOVUSJFOUFTEJMVÎEPT
OBÃHVBTFSFNGBDJMNFOUFBCTPSWJEPTQFMBTQMBOUBT BVNFOUBOEPBTTJNPTFVSFOEJNFOUP
3.3. Gaiolas flutuantes

/PDBTPEBTHBJPMBT OPSNBMNFOUFÊDPMPDBEBVNBCBSSBBUSBWFTTBOEPPUPQPEBNFTNB6NEPTMBEPT
EBHBJPMBÊQVYBEPFQSFTPÆCBSSB DPODFOUSBOEPPQFJYFOBQBSUFNBJTQFRVFOBEBSFEF0QSPDFTTP
DPOUJOVBBUÊRVFUPEPPQFJYFñRVFDPODFOUSBEPOVNDBOUPEBSFEFPOEFFMFTQPEFNTFSSFUJSBEPTÆ
NÈPPVDPNBBKVEBEFQVÉÃT
III. PESCA PARCIAL

0DSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFTÊNFMIPSRVBOEPOBVOJEBEFEFDVMUJWPFYJTUFNFNUBNBOIPTTJNJMBSFT.VJUBT
WF[FT QBSBHBSBOUJSFTTBVOJGPSNJEBEF PQJTDJDVMUPSFGFDUVBQFSJPEJDBNFOUFBQFTDBQBSDJBM
/BQFTDBQBSDJBM TÈPDBQUVSBEPTQFJYFTEFNBJPSUBNBOIPPVGËNFBTBEVMUBTQBSBTFEJNJOVJSBDBQBDJEBEF
EFSFQSPEVÉÈP FWJUBOEPBTTJNPTVSHJNFOUPEFQFJYFTEFJEBEFTFUBNBOIPTNVJUPEJGFSFOUFT/FTUF
DBTPTFSÃTVñDJFOUFCBJYBSVNQPVDPPOÎWFMEFÃHVBOPUBORVFEFGPSNBBQFSNJUJSBFOUSBEBEBTQFTTPBT
RVFWÈPQSPDFEFSÆDBQUVSBEPQFJYF1BSBPFGFJUP EFWFTFDPMPDBSVNBSFEFOPUVCPEFFTDPBNFOUPEB
ÃHVB EFGPSNBBFWJUBSBGVHBEPQFJYF4ÈPVTBEBTSFEFTDPNNBMIBHFNHSBOEFQBSBHBSBOUJSPFGFJUP
TFMFDUJWP SFNPWFOEPBQFOBTPTRVFOÈPDPOTFHVJSFNBUSBWFTTBSBNBMIB
&N UBORVFT GBNJMJBSFT EF DPNVOJEBEFT RVF UËN DFSUB EJñDVMEBEF FN SFGSJHFSBS P QFJYF BT GBNÎMJBT
SFUJSBNEPUBORVFPTNBJPSFTQFJYFT EFGPSNBTFMFDUJWB TFNQSFRVFIPVWFSOFDFTTJEBEFEFDPOTVNP
&TUBQFTDBQBSDJBMQFSNJUFPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFTNBJTQFRVFOPT
59
IV. TAMANHO DO PEIXE CAPTURADO
2VBOEPPTQFJYFTKÃOÈPDSFTDFNNBJTQPSRVFBUJOHJSBNPTFVUBNBOIPNÃYJNP DPOWÊNDBQUVSÃMPT
QPJTPTHBTUPTDPNPNBOVTFJPFDPNBSBÉÈPKÃOÈPDPNQFOTBN1PSPVUSPMBEP PUBNBOIPEPQFJYF
DBQUVSBEPEFQFOEFEPñNBRVFTFEFTUJOBBQSPEVÉÈPFEBQSFGFSËODJBEPDPOTVNJEPS1PEFNTFS
BMFWJOPTQBSBQPWPBNFOUPTEFPVUSPTUBORVFTQFJYFTQBSBDPOTVNPGSFTDPQSPEVÉÈPEFDPOTFSWBTPVU
SPTñOT
/PSNBMNFOUF RVBOEPPQFJYFBUJOHFBNBUVSJEBEFTFYVBM FMFQÃSBEFDSFTDFS"TTJN DPOIFDFOEPP
DJDMP SFQSPEVUJWP EF DBEB FTQÊDJF Ê QPTTÎWFM EFUFSNJOBS DSPOPMPHJDBNFOUF B ÊQPDB QBSB B QFTDB PV
DBQUVSBEPTQFJYFT
V. TRANSPORTE DE PEIXE VIVO

0 QFJYF B TFS USBOTQPSUBEP WJWP EFWF QBTTBS QPS VN QFSÎPEP QSÊWJP EF IPSBT FN KFKVN 1FSÎPEPT
NBJPSFTQPEFNMFWBSPTQFJYFTBQSPDVSBSBMJNFOUPOPGVOEPEPWJWFJSP PRVFGBSÃDPNRVFTFKBNFN
CBSDBEPTDPNDPOUFÙEPFTUPNBDBMJOUFTUJOBM SFTVMUBOEPFNHSBOEFNPSUBMJEBEF0VUSBDPOTFRVËODJB
QPEFSÃTFSBPDPNQSPNFUJNFOUPEBRVBMJEBEFEBDBSOFEPQFJYF
0USBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFTWJWPTQPEFUFSñOBMJEBEFTBMFWJOPTQBSBPQPWPBNFOUPEFOPWBTVOJEBEFTEF
QSPEVÉÈPSFQSPEVUPSFTQFJYFTQBSBDPNFSDJBMJ[BÉÈPFNGVOÉÈPEBFYJHËODJBEPNFSDBEPFNQFJYFWJWP
0QSPDFTTPEFDBQUVSBEFWFTFSSÃQJEPEFNPEPBOÈPDPNQSPNFUFSBTPCSFWJWËODJBEPTQFJYFTPNB
OFJPEPTUBORVFTDBVTBTUSFTTOPTBOJNBJT PTRVBJTDPOTPNFNNVJUPPYJHÊOJPFFMFWBÉÈPEBUFNQFSBU
VSB0TPMPEPGVOEPEPTUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTRVFÊBHJUBEPEVSBOUFBDBQUVSBQPEFMJCFSUBSHBTFTUÓYJDPT
FBVNFOUBSBUVSCJEF[EBÃHVB&TUBTDPOEJÉ×FTEJñDVMUBNNVJUPPQSPDFTTPSFTQJSBUÓSJPEPTQFJYFT1PS
FTTBSB[ÈP BSBQJEF[OFTUBBDUJWJEBEFQPEFSÃEFUFSNJOBSPTFVTVDFTTP1BSBUBM VNBFRVJQBUSFJOBEBF
NBUFSJBJTBEFRVBEPTTÈPGVOEBNFOUBJT
1PSPVUSPMBEP PTQFJYFTUSBOTQPSUBEPTEFWFNFTUBSMJWSFTEFRVBJTRVFSJOKÙSJBT"EFMJDBEF[BEVSBOUFP
NBOVTFBNFOUPÊJOEJTQFOTÃWFM
4F P PCKFDUJWP EB DBQUVSB EP QFJYF Ê P TFV USBOTQPSUF EPT BOJNBJT WJWPT BT QSJNFJSBT QSPWJEËODJBT B
TFSFNUPNBEBTTÈPPEJBFBIPSBEPDBSSFHBNFOUPFBHBSBOUJBEFVNUSBOTQPSUBEPSRVFSFÙOBUPEBTBT
DPOEJÉ×FTQBSBUBM&TUBTQSPWJEËODJBTJSÈPEFUFSNJOBSPTEFNBJTFWFOUPT
0T BMFWJOPT QPEFN TFS USBOTQPSUBEPT FN TBDPT QMÃTUJDPT RVBOEP B RVBOUJEBEF B TFS USBOTQPSUBEB GPS
JOGFSJPSB DFNNJM
BMFWJOPTPV DBTPDPOUSÃSJP FNUBNCPSFUFTJTPUÊSNJDPT0TTBDPTQMÃTUJDPT
EFQSFGFSËODJBDPNDBQBDJEBEFQBSBMJUSPT QPEFNDPOUFSBUÊ EPJTNJMFRVJOIFOUPT
RVBOEP
FODIJEPTQFMBNFUBEFDPNÃHVBEFCPBRVBMJEBEFFBPVUSBNFUBEF PYJHÊOJPHBTPTP0TTBDPTEFWFN
TFSBDPNPEBEPTFNDBJYBTEFQBQFMÈPQBSBPUSBOTQPSUF
1PSPVUSPMBEP RVBOEPPTBMFWJOPTTÈPUSBOTQPSUBEPTFNUBNCPSFUFTJTPUÊSNJDPTFTUFTEFWFNDPOUFS
NFUBEFEBTVBDBQBDJEBEFEFÃHVBFSFDFCFSBFSBÉÈPBSUJñDJBM1PSOÈPSFDFCFSFNPYJHÊOJPHBTPTP B
ÃHVB EPT UBNCPSFUFT EFWF TFS DPOUSPMBEB DPN GSFRVËODJB F USPDBEB TFNQSF RVF P OÎWFM EF PYJHÊOJP
CBJYBS
0TSFQSPEVUPSFTFPTQFJYFTQBSBPDPOTVNPTÈPHFSBMNFOUFUSBOTQPSUBEPTFNUBNCPSFUFTJTPUÊSNJDPT
DPNBFSBÉÈP EPNFTNPNPEPRVFPTBMFWJOPT EJNJOVJOEPTFBEFOTJEBEF
VI. PROCESSAMENTO
0QFJYFEFWFTFSDPOTVNJEP QSFGFSJWFMNFOUFGSFTDPNBT DPNPFTUFÊVNQSPEVUPRVFTFEFUFSJPSBDPN
60
NVJUBGBDJMJEBEFMPHPBQÓTTVBNPSUF7ÃSJBTTÈPBTUÊDOJDBTEFQSFTFSWBÉÈPEFCBJYPDVTUPRVFQPEFN
ser aplicadas.
7ÃSJPTFTUVEPTNPTUSBNRVFPQFJYFQFSNBOFDFNBJTUFNQPQSFTFSWBEPBQÓTBTVBNPSUFTFFTUBGPS
QPSDIPRVFUÊSNJDP"TTJN SFDPNFOEBTFRVFMPHPBQÓTBDBQUVSB PQFJYFTFKBDPMPDBEPBJOEBWJWPFN
SFDJQJFOUFDPNHFMPBUÊRVFNPSSB
a) Congelamento do peixe inteiroPQFJYFDPOHFMBEPEFWFTFSQSJNFJSBNFOUFMBWBEPFFTWJT
DFSBEP"TFTDBNBTEFWFNTFSNBOUJEBTQBSBBQSFTFSWBÉÈPEPDPSQPEPQFJYF
C
Filetes congelados:PTñMFUFTMJWSFTEFFTQJOIBTFYJHFNNBJPSFTDVJEBEPTOPTFVQSPDFTTBNFOUP
WJTUPRVFPNÙTDVMPñDBEFTQJEPEFRVBMRVFSFTUSVUVSBEFQSPUFDÉÈP
c) SecagemPQFJYFFTWJTDFSBEPQPEFTFSTBMHBEPFTFDPBPTPMPVTFDPQPSEFGVNBÉÈPFQPTUFSJPS
mente comercializado.
d) EnlatadosPTQFJYFTFOMBUBEPTTÈPDPOTFSWBTNVJUPBQSFDJBEBTFNRVBTFUPEPPNVOEP QPSÊN
QBSBPQFRVFOPQSPEVUPSFTUFUJQPEFUSBOTGPSNBÉÈPÊNBJTDPNQMFYB
e) VíscerasBTWÎTDFSBTEPTQFJYFTTBVEÃWFJTQPEFSÈPTFSBQSPWFJUBEBTQBSBBQSPEVÉÈPEFGBSJOIBRVF
QPEFSÃFOUSBSOBDPNQPTJÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTQBSBQFJYFT
f) PeleBQFMFEPQFJYF UBMDPNPEFPVUSPTBOJNBJT UFNTJEPBQSPWFJUBEBFNBMHVOTQBÎTFTQBSBB
QSPEVÉÈPEFBSUJHPTBSUFTBOBJTFEFMVYP
61
62
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES PISCÍCOLAS CRIADAS EM
MOÇAMBIQUE E SUAS CARCTERÍSTICAS
Módulo 8
PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES PISCÍCOLAS CRIADAS
EM MOÇAMBIQUE E SUAS CARACTERÍSTICAS
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
**OUSPEVÉÈP
**$BSBDUFSÎTUJDBTEBTUJMÃQJBT
III. Características das carpas
63
64
I. INTRODUÇÃO
0TQFJYFTTÈPBOJNBJTBRVÃUJDPTRVF EFVNNPEPHFSBM SFBMJ[BNUPEPPTFVDJDMPEFWJEBOBÃHVB"T
FTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTDSJBEBTFN.PÉBNCJRVFTÈPBTDIBNBEBTFTQÊDJFTUSPQJDBJTQPSRVFPTFVEFTFOWPMWJ
NFOUPNÃYJNPÊBUJOHJEPÆUFNQFSBUVSBTSFMBUJWBNFOUFNBJTBMUBT HFSBMNFOUFDPNQSFFOEJEBTFOUSF
F$
0TQFJYFTRVFWBNPTWFSOFTUFNÓEVMP UJMÃQJBTFDBSQBT
TÈPWFSUFCSBEPT JTUPÊ QPTTVFNWÊSUFCSBT
e espinha óssea.
II. CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS TILÁPIAS

"TUJMÃQJBTTÈPFTQÊDJFTPSJHJOÃSJBTEB¦GSJDB VNBTEBSFHJÈP-FTUF .PÉBNCJRVF
PVUSBTEBSFHJÈP/PSUF
SJPT/JMP $POHPF+PSEÈP
FPVUSBTEBSFHJÈP0FTUF0HÊOFSPOreochromis e TilapiaFTUÈPOBUVSBMNFOUF
JHVBMNFOUFEJTUSJCVÎEPTQFMP/PSUFF4VMEF¦GSJDB'ÓTTFJTEFUJMÃQJBJOEJDBOEPBFYJTUËODJBEFTUFTBOJ
NBJTIÃNBJTEFNJMI×FTEFBOPTGPSBNFODPOUSBEPTFN¦GSJDB/PTÊDVMP99BUJMÃQJBGPJJOUSPEV[JEB
FNDFSDBEFQBÎTFT QBSBBBDUJWJEBEFBRVÎDPMB"DBSOFNBDJBFBMUBNFOUFOVUSJDJPOBMEFTQFSUPVP
JOUFSFTTFEFQSPEVUPSFTBMBSHBFTDBMBFBJNQPSUÄODJBDPNFSDJBMFCJPMÓHJDBEBUJMÃQJBDSFTDFVEFTEFFO
UÈP UPSOBOEPB BDUVBMNFOUF VNEPTHÊOFSPTNBJTJNQPSUBOUFTQBSBPDVMUJWBEPTFDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPTEP
mundo, perdendo apenas para a carpa.
%BTWÃSJBTEF[FOBTEFFTQÊDJFTEFUJMÃQJBTFYJTUFOUFT BMHVNBTTÈPNBJTVUJMJ[BEBTFNDVMUJWPFN.PÉBN
CJRVF UBJT DPNP Oreochromis niloticus UJMÃQJB OJMÓUJDB PV UJMÃQJB EP /JMP
B Oreochromis mossambicus
UJMÃQJBNPÉBNCJDBOB
FB5JMBQJBSFOEBMMJ UJMÃQJBEFQFJUPBWFSNFMIBEP

2.1. Oreochromis niloticus: OBUJWBEBCBDJBEP/JMP ÊBFTQÊDJFNBJTDVMUJWBEBOPNVOEP

"QSJODJQBMDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBGÎTJDBRVFEJTUJOHVFPO. niloticusEBTPVUSBTUJMÃQJBTÊBQSFTFOÉBEFSJTDPTFFT
USJBTQPSUPEPDPNQSJNFOUPEBCBSCBUBOBDBVEBM
&TUB FTQÊDJF EFTUBDBTF EBT EFNBJT QFMP DSFTDJNFOUP SÃQJEP SFQSPEVÉÈP NBJT UBSEJB QFSNJUJOEP BM
DBOÉBSNBJPSUBNBOIPBOUFTEBQSJNFJSBSFQSPEVÉÈP
FBMUBQSPMJñDJEBEF QPTTJCJMJUBOEPBQSPEVÉÈPEF
HSBOEFTRVBOUJEBEFTEFBMFWJOPT
"UJMÃQJBEP/JMPÊUBNCÊNDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSJODVCBSPTPWPTOBCPDB
EBGËNFB2VBOEPDSJBEBFNUBORVFTEFÃHVBTWFSEFT HFSBMNFOUFTVQFSBFNDSFTDJNFOUPFDPOWFSTÈP
BMJNFOUBS ÆT PVUSBT FTQÊDJFT EF UJMÃQJB 3FQSPEV[TF EVSBOUF P BOP UPEP NBT P QJDP DPJODJEF DPN B
ÊQPDBEBTDIVWBT"QSJNFJSBNBUVSBÉÈPPDPSSFFOUSFPTFPTDN DPNBNFTFTEFJEBEF©
$ DBEBGËNFBQPEFQSPEV[JSDFSDBEFPWPTQPSEFTPWB TFOEPDPNVNPDPSSFSFNUSËTBRVBUSP
desovas por ano.
&TUFTTÈPBOJNBJTPNOÎWPSPTBMJNFOUBOEPTFQSJODJQBMNFOUFEFñUPQMÄODUPO BOJNBJTCFOUÓOJDPT WFH
FUBJTFNEFDPNQPTJÉÈPFEFUSJUPTUFOEPBBDUJWJEBEFNÃYJNBFNIPSÃSJPTNBJTRVFOUFT&NDBUJWFJSP
BDFJUBNCFNSBÉÈPBSUJñDJBM
7JWFNFNUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$NBT PDSFTDJNFOUPEBUJMÃQJBEP/JMPÊNBYJNJ[BEPFNÃHVBT
$DPNx DPNQFMPNFOPT NH-EFPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEPFVNQ)EFB"UFNQFSBUVSBJEFBM
QBSBBSFQSPEVÉÈPÊEF$ TFOEPJOJCJEBBCBJYPEF$
Oreochromis mossambicus1FSUFODFOUFBPHÊOFSP0SFPDISPNJT DVKBDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBQSJODJQBM

ÊBJODVCBÉÈPPSBMEPTPWPTFDVJEBEPTQBSFOUBJTEBTQÓTMBSWBTQFMBTGËNFBT UBMDPNPBUJMÃQJBEP/JMP
EJGFSFODJBOEP QPSÊN QFMB DPOTUSVÉÈP EF iOJOIPT QFMPT NBDIPT "QSFTFOUB WJTÎWFM EJNPSñTNP TFYVBM
65
TFOEPPTNBDIPTJOUFJSBNFOUFQSFUPTDPNVNBNBODIBCSBODBOBHBSHBOUBFWFSNFMIPOBTFYUSFNJEBEFT
EBTCBSCBUBOBT FORVBOUPBTGËNFBTTÈPDJO[BPVBDBTUBOIBEBT"PMPOHPEPDPSQPQPEFNTFWFSTFJT
GBJYBTWFSUJDBJTJSSFHVMBSFTFTDVSBT0"EVMUPQPEFQFTBSBUÊLH FNFEJSBUÊDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP
QPEFOEPWJWFSBBOPT0DPSSFNBJTGSFRVFOUFNFOUFFNFTUVÃSJPTEPRVFFNÃHVBEPDFT
"UJMÃQJBNPÉBNCJDBOBÊUBNCÊNPNOÎWPSBFBQSFTFOUBNBJPSEJWFSTJEBEFOPTBMJNFOUPTRVFJOHFSF
SFMBUJWBNFOUF BP TFV HÊOFSP DPNP BT EJÃUPNÃDJBT BMHBT WFSEFT QFRVFOPT DSVTUÃDFPT QFRVFOPT
JOWFSUFCSBEPT NBUÊSJBTWFHFUBJTFNEFDPNQPTJÉÈP"DFJUBCFNGBSJOIBEFNJMIPDP[JEB SFTUPTEFTPKB
EFBSSP[FSFTUPTEFDPNJEB"MJNFOUBTFEVSBOUFUPEPPEJB NBTBBDUJWJEBEFNÃYJNBÊOPIPSÃSJPEF
QJDPEBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBRVFHFSBMNFOUFÊFOUSFBTIPSBTFBTIPSBT"OPJUFBCTUÊNTF
EFTFBMJNFOUBS©UFNQFSBUVSBTBCBJYPEF$ PBQFUJUFñDBFYUSFNBNFOUFSFEV[JEP BVNFOUBPSJTDP
EFDPOUSBJSEPFOÉBTFQÃSBEFDSFTDFSÆUFNQFSBUVSBTJOGFSJPSFTB$
" UJMÃQJB NPÉBNCJDBOB Ê VNB FTQÊDJF RVF UPMFSB VNB HSBOEF WBSJBÉÈP EF UFNQFSBUVSBT DPOUVEP Ê
NFOPTUPMFSBOUFBPGSJPRVFBUJMÃQJBEP/JMP5FNQFSBUVSBTÓQUJNBTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUPWBSJBNFOUSF
$FPT$0DPOGPSUPUÊSNJDPEFTUFTBOJNBJTWBSJBFOUSFBP$
6NBDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBNBSDBOUFEFTUBFTQÊDJFÊBTVBHSBOEFUPMFSÄODJBÆNÃRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBDPNPBBMUB
TBMJOJEBEF QPEFOEPTPCSFWJWFSBx BOÎWFJTEFPYJHÊOJPEF NH-FQ)EFB
Tilapia rendalliÊPSJHJOÃSJBEPSJP/JHFS EBTCBDJBTEPT$POHPF;BNCF[FFEPTMBHPT5BOHBOJDB

F.BMBHBSB[J DBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSQPTTVJSBDBCFÉBFDPSQPEFDPMPSBÉÈPWFSEFB[FJUPOB PEPSTPFTDVSPFP
DPSQPHFSBMNFOUFDPNCBSSBTWFSUJDBJTOFHSBT"CBSCBUBOBEPSTBMDPNVNBQFRVFOBNBSHFNWFSNFMIB
FCSBODBBUÊDJO[BFTDVSPFBDBVEBMQPOUJBHVEBOBQPSÉÈPEPSTBMFDPNDPMPSBÉÈPWFSNFMIPPVBNBSFMP
OBQPSÉÈPWFOUSBM1PEFBUJOHJSVNNÃYJNPEFDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP QFTBS LHFWJWFSFNUPSOPEF
7 anos.
"UJOHFBNBUVSJEBEFTFYVBMDPNBNFTFTEFJEBEF DPNDFSDBEFDN/BBMUVSBEBSFQSPEVÉÈP P
NBDIPGB[VNCVSBDPOBTTVQFSGÎDJFTJOUFSJPSFTEPTUBMVEFT B
FNÃHVBSBTBPOEFBRVBOUJEBEF
EFPYJHÊOJP"GËNFBEFQPTJUBOPOJOIPEFBPWPT"JODVCBÉÈPEPTPWPTOÈPÊPSBM%VSBOUF
FTUBGBTFBGËNFBQFSNBOFDFKVOUPBPOJOIP BHJUBOEPDPOUJOVBNFOUFBCBSCBUBOBDBVEBMQBSBGPSOFDFS
PYJHÊOJPBPTFNCSJ×FT"QFOBTFNDBTPEFQFSJHP FMBJOUSPEV[PTBMFWJOPTOBCPDB0OÙNFSPEFEFTPWBT
WBSJBFOUSFFDPNJOUFSWBMPTEFBTFNBOBT BUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$
"BMJNFOUBÉÈPEPKVWFOJTSFRVFSFSNBJPSUFPSQSPUFJDPEPRVFBEPTBEVMUPTQPSJTTPOFTUBGBTFRVBTF
TFNQSF BMJNFOUBNTF EF QFRVFOPT DSVTUÃDFPT BRVÃUJDPT 1PTUFSJPSNFOUF B TVB BMJNFOUBÉÈP UPSOBTF
IFSCÎWPSBPVEFUSJUÎWPSB DPOTVNJOEPGPMIBT GSVUPT GBSJOIBTFUVCÊSDVMPT
&TUBFTQÊDJF UBMDPNPBUJMÃQJBNPÉBNCJDBOB ÊUPMFSBOUFBVNBHSBOEFWBSJFEBEFEFUFNQFSBUVSBEB
ÃHVB EFTEF$BUÊ$ FBVNBTBMJOJEBEFEFBUÊx Q)EF B FVNNÎOJNPEF NHMEF
PYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP
III. CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS CARPAS

"TDBSQBTTÈPQFJYFTPSJHJOÃSJPTEB&VSPQBPSJFOUBMF¦TJBFPTNBJTVTBEPTFNQJTDJDVMUVSBOPNVOEP&TUBT
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VNDSFTDJNFOUPSÃQJEPFFNDVMUJWPEFBMUBEFOTJEBEFQPEFSFNBUJOHJSFNBQFOBTVNBOPDFSDBEF LH
1PEFNWJWFSDFSDBEFBOPTFVMUSBQBTTBSLHEFQFTPFBUÊ NFUSPEFDPNQSJNFOUP"RVBMJEBEF
EBDBSOFÊTBUJTGBUÓSJBNBT FTQJOIPTBFDPNHPTUPFTQFDÎñDB$PNPBOJNBJTUSPQJDBJT EFTFOWPMWFNTFÆ
UFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$
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66
$ZQSJOVTDBSQJP
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Cyprinus carpio"DBSQBDPNVNOBTVBGPSNBTFMWBHFNÊDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSBQSFTFOUBSVNBDPS
WFSEFB[FJUPOBOBSFHJÈPEPSTBMEPDPSQPFBNBSFMBEBOBSFHJÈPMBUFSBMFOBCBSSJHBFDBCFÉBNBJTQFRVFOB
$POUVEP BHFSBÉÈPEFIÎCSJEPTUPSOBBTDPSFTNVJUPWBSJÃWFJT$PMPSBÉÈPFQSPQPSÉÈPTÈPWBSJÃWFJT F
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DBOUPTEBCPDB BRVBMÊUFSNJOBMOPTJOEJWÎEVPTBEVMUPT FTVCUFSNJOBMFNJOEJWÎEVPTKPWFOT"FTQÊDJF
QPTTVJVNBFTQJOIBEPSTBMTFSSJMIBEB1PEFNBUJOHJSBNBUVSJEBEFDPNNFTFT DN
0TNBDIPTTÈP
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"EFTPWBOBDBSQBDPNVNPDPSSFFOUSFBNFJBOPJUFFPBNBOIFDFS NBTTFBTDPOEJÉ×FTGPSFNGBWPSÃWFJT
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"BMJNFOUBÉÈPOBUVSBMEBDBSQBDPNVNÊP[PPQMÄODUPOKVWFOJMFQFRVFOPTBOJNBJTEFGVOEPDPNP
NJOIPDBT MBSWBT EF JOTFDUPT QFRVFOPT NPMVTDPT F BUÊ BMHVOT EFUSJUPT RVBOEP BEVMUB 1PS TFS VNB
FTQÊDJFPNOÎWPSB FNDBUJWFJSP BDFJUBCFNBMJNFOUPTBSUJñDJBJT EFTEFRVFQBTUPTPTBTTJNDPNPGPMIBT
UFOSBT"MJNFOUBTFEVSBOUFUPEPPEJBNBT NPTUSBNBJPSBDUJWJEBEFBPOBTDFSFBPQÔSEPTPM
4PCSFWJWFÆTUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$"PT$BUJOHFPNBJPSDSFTDJNFOUPNBTQÃSBEFDSFTDFS
RVBOEPBUFNQFSBUVSBEFTDFBCBJYPEF$3FQSPEV[TFBUFNQFSBUVSBTEF$ FNÃHVBTQPVDP
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3.2. Ctenopharyngodon idella

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CFNNBJTEFMHBEPFDPNQSJEPEPRVFBTPVUSBTDBSQBT5FNFTDBNBTHSBOEFT QSBUFBEBTFVOJGPSNFT
QFMPDPSQPVNQFJYFDPNNVJUBBHJMJEBEFFSBQJEF[ GBDUPOÈPNVJUPDPNVNFNPVUSBTDBSQBT/B
OBUVSF[BDIFHBBNBJTEFLHFBMDBOÉBDFSDBEF LHDPNVNBOPEFDVMUJWP
&TUFQFJYFÊDPOIFDJEPDPNPDBSQBDBQJNQPSRVFÊIFSCÎWPSP PRVBMQPEFDPOTVNJSEJBSJBNFOUFEF
BEPTFVQFTPTPNFOUFFNQMBOUBTBRVÃUJDBT DPNPPDBQJNWFSEFFGSFTDP UPSOBOEPTFEFTUF
NPEPVNFYDFMFOUFQSPEVUPSEFBEVCPPSHÄOJDP"MJNFOUBTFUBOUPOBTVQFSGÎDJFRVBOUPOPGVOEP
"DBSQBDBQJNUFNPTFVEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPNBYJNJ[BEPFOUSFPT$F$ PYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEPBDJNB
EF NHMFUPMFSBOEPQ)FOUSF B
67
68

Curso Modular de Capacitação em Aquacultura: República de Moçambique

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REPÚBLICA

CURSO MODULAR DE CAPACITAÇÃO

I. IMPORTÂNCIA DO PEIXE NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DO HOMEM

II – A PESCA MARÍTIMA NO MUNDO

III – NOÇÃO DE AQUACULTURA

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IV – ORIGEM E VANTAGENS DA AQUACULTURA

VI – AS ESPÉCIES MAIS CULTIVADAS NO MUNDO E EM MOÇAMBIQUE

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III – TANQUES DE TERRA PARA PISCICULTURA

5BORVFTEPUJQPCBSSBHFN – que interceptam um riacho.

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VII. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES

II – CAIAGEM DOS TANQUES

III – FERTILIZANTES ORGÂNICOS, INORGÂNICOS E MISTOS USADOS EM

3.1. Porquê devemos fertilizar o nosso tanque?

Adubo inorgânico kg/ha Referência

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4.1. Transporte dos Alevinos

2.1 Piscicultura extensiva

2.3. Piscicultura Intensiva

III – PRINCIPAIS TÉCNICAS DE CRIAÇÃO

3.3 Piscicultura Integrada

II. IMPORTÂNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE

III. OS PRINCIPAIS PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA

Parâmetros físicos /químicos da água

Especificação da análise Níveis desejados

1SFTFOÉBEFOJUSBUPT GPTGBUPT DBSCPOBUPTFTVMGBUPT

IV. ALIMENTAÇÃO DOS PEIXES DE ÁGUA DOCE

4.1. Tipos de alimentos na aquacultura

800 X 200 (g) X 3

4.2. Tipos de ração para peixes

II. CONCEITO DE DOENÇA

III. PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DAS DOENÇAS

IV. MECANISMOS DE DEFESA

V. PRINCIPAIS SINAIS QUE AUXILIAM NA DETECÇÃO DE DOENÇAS E

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5.3.Sinais clínicos internos:

IX. TIPOS DE TRATAMENTO

3.1. Depuração dos peixes

3.2. Cuidados com o despejo da água

3.3. Gaiolas flutuantes

III. PESCA PARCIAL

V. TRANSPORTE DE PEIXE VIVO

II. CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS TILÁPIAS

2.1. Oreochromis niloticus: OBUJWBEBCBDJBEP/JMP ÊBFTQÊDJFNBJTDVMUJWBEBOPNVOEP

Oreochromis mossambicus1FSUFODFOUFBPHÊOFSP0SFPDISPNJT DVKBDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBQSJODJQBM

Tilapia rendalliÊPSJHJOÃSJBEPSJP/JHFS EBTCBDJBTEPT$POHPF;BNCF[FFEPTMBHPT5BOHBOJDB

III. CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS CARPAS

3.2. Ctenopharyngodon idella

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Parâmetros físicos /químicos da água

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2.1. Oreochromis niloticus: OBUJWBEBCBDJBEP/JMP ÊBFTQÊDJFNBJTDVMUJWBEBOPNVOEP

Oreochromis mossambicus1FSUFODFOUFBPHÊOFSP0SFPDISPNJT DVKBDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBQSJODJQBM

Tilapia rendalliÊPSJHJOÃSJBEPSJP/JHFS EBTCBDJBTEPT$POHPF;BNCF[FFEPTMBHPT5BOHBOJDB