Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Marcelo Santos
Chaves
1371
Limites, derivadas e integrais
Marcelo Santos Chaves
Belm-PA
Janeiro2014
C512c Chaves, Marcelo Santos
Clculo I: Limites, Derivadas e Integrais (exerccios resolvidos e
comentados).
CDD 510
A modesta contribuio que aqui
segue transcrita dedico ao infinito
Deus que nos concedeu o dom da
vida e ao meu paizinho e professor
Otvio, in memoriam, pela
intransigncia e perseverana na
moldagem de minha educao e
qualificao acadmica. Que este
livro seja a expresso do profundo
amor que nos une, nesta vida e na
outra.
EPGRAFES
In Brazil the evidence about the failure in the discipline of Differential and
Integral Calculus (CDI) are generally high, causing visible damage in the
exploitation of students in the area of exact sciences, to the point of leading
them to successive failures or even causing the your jubilamento (off course).
These are the findings of Bressan (2009), Rezende (2003), Frota (2001), Baruffi
(1999) among others. Against this unfavorable scenario in the praxis of higher
education a major challenge in the field of exact sciences is currently without a
doubt, find ways to overcome failure in the teaching of calculus. And under such
motivation is that this paper proposes to form themselves into a systematic
scope of technical troubleshooting on Limits, Derivatives and Integrals, coveting
a didactic illustration and objectively able to translate scientific knowledge into a
knowledge capable of making be effectively taught.
.
PRESENTACIN
CAPTULO I
1. LIMITES E CONTINUIDADES
x 1 xe x
1) Lim f ( x) 2 ) Lim f ( x )
e 0
x 1 3
x 1 e
Soluo: Soluo:
Faa u 3 x xe x xe x
Lim f ( x ) Lim
xe x
e 0 e 0 e
u3 1
Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1
u3 1
u 1 3
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x
xe
2 2
Lim f (u ) Lim
u3 1 e 0 e 0
e x e x
u 1 u 1 u 1
xex
Lim f (u ) Lim
(u 1) u 2 u 1 Lim f ( x ) Lim
e 0 e 0
e x e x
u 1 u 1 u 1 e
Lim f (u ) Lim u 2 u 1
u 1 u 1
Lim f ( x ) Lim
e 0 e 0
e x e x
Lim f (u ) 1 1 1
2
1
Lim f ( x ) Lim
u 1
Lim f (u ) 1
e 0 e 0
xe x
u 1
1
Lim f ( x ) Lim
e 0 e 0
x0 x
1
Lim f ( x )
e 0
x x
1
Lim f ( x )
e 0
2 x
1 2 x
Lim f ( x )
e 0
2 x 2 x
2 x
Lim f ( x )
e 0 4x
x
Lim f ( x )
e 0 2x
x 1 3
x 1 1
3) Lim f ( x) Lim 4) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 1 x 1 3 x x x 0 x 0 x
Soluo: Soluo:
Faa x u 3 Faa u 3 x 1 x u 3 1
u3 1 u 1
Lim f (u ) Lim Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1
u u
u 1 3 u 0 u 0 u3 1
u3 1 Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1
Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1 u 1 u u u
u 0 u 0 u 1 u 2 u 1
1
u3 1 u u u Lim f (u ) Lim
Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1 u 1
u u u u u u
u 0 u 0
u u 1
2
Lim f (u ) Lim
u 3
1 u u u Lim f (u )
1
1 11
2
u 0
u 1 u 1 2
u2 u u Lim f (u ) 1
u 1 u u u
u 0
3
Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1 u 1 u2 u3
Lim f (u ) Lim
u 1 u 2 u 1 u u u
u 1 u 1 u 2 u 1
Lim f (u ) Lim
u
u 1 u u u
2
u 1 u 1 u2
Lim f (u )
12 1 1 1 1 1
u 1 12
3 2
Lim f (u )
u 1 1
Lim f (u ) 6
u 1
x3 3 5 3x 3
5) Lim f ( x) Lim 6) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x x x 8 x 2
Soluo: Soluo:
x3 3 x3 3 5 3x 3
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 8 x 2
x 0 x 0 x x3 3
Lim f ( x) Lim
x3 3
2 2 5
x 3x 2
x x 3 3 Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0
x
x x 2
x 33 x 8
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x 0 x 0 x x3 3 1 2
x 5 3x
Lim f ( x) Lim
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
x 0 x 0 x x3 3 x x 1
1 8 2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x 0 x 0 x3 3 5 0 3
2
Lim f ( x)
Lim f ( x)
1 x 8 2 0
x 0 03 3
Lim f ( x)
1 x 8
Lim f ( x)
x 0 3 3 Lim f ( x)
x
1 2 3 2 3
Lim f ( x) Lim f ( x)
x 0 2 3 2 3 x 0 43
3
Lim f ( x)
x 0 6
5x 3 2 x2 1
7) Lim f ( x) Lim 8) Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 7 x 3 3 x x x 1
Soluo: Soluo:
5x 3 2 x2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 7 x 3 3 x x x 1
2 1
x3 5 3 x 2 1 2
Lim f ( x) Lim x x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 3 x x 1
x3 7 3 x 1
x x
1
5 2 3 1
x 2 1 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
x
x x 1 Lim f ( x) Lim
7 3 3 x x 1
x x 1
x
5 2 0
Lim f ( x) 1
x 7 3 0 x 1 2
5 Lim f ( x) Lim x
Lim f ( x)
x 7 x x 1
x 1
x
1
1 2
x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1
1
x
1 0
Lim f ( x)
x 1 0
1
Lim f ( x)
x 1
Lim f ( x) 1
x
9) Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x2 1 x2 1
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1
x2 1 x2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x2 1
2
x2 1
2
x x
1 1
x 2 1 2 x 2 1 2
x x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x2 1 x2 1
x x 1 1
x2 1 2
x2 1
x x2
x 1 x2 1
2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1 1
x 1 2 x 1 2
x x
2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1 1
x 1 2 1 2
x x
2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 1 1
x 1 2 1 2
x x
x
1
2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 1 1
1 2
1 2
x x
20
Lim f ( x)
x 1 0 1 0
0
Lim f ( x)
x 11
0
Lim f ( x)
x 2
Lim f ( x) 0
x
Lim f ( x) Lim x 1 x x
x2 1 x x2
1 x x
2 2
x x
x2 2
x 1 x x
2
2
2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
x 1 x x
x 2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 2
1 x2 x4
x x x2 1
x2 1
x
x x x
4 2 4
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x x2 1
x2 1
x
x 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
2
x2 1
x 1
x
1 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x2 1 x x
1
1 x 2 1 2
x x
1
x
1 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1 x x 1
x 1 2 x 1 2 1
2
x x
1
x x
1 1 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim f ( x)
x x 1 x 1 0 1 x 11
1 2 1
x
1
Lim f ( x)
x 2
v v 1 x 4 16
11) Lim f (v) Lim 12 ) Lim f ( x ) Lim
v v 3v 1 x2 x2 8 x3
Soluo : Soluo :
Faa v x 2 x 4 16
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x2 x2 8 x 3
x2 x2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
3x 2 1 x 4 16 1
x x
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x2 x 1
x2 x2 8 x 3 1
f ( x) Lim
Lim
x x 3 x 2 1
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x 4 1
2 2 2
x3 1 x2 x2 x3 8
f ( x) Lim
Lim
x x 3 x 2 1
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x 2 4 x 2 4 1
1 x2 x2 x3 23
x2 x 2
f ( x) Lim x
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x 2 4 x 2 2 2 1
Lim
x x 1
x2 3 2
x2 x2
x 2 x 2 2 x 2 2
x
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x 4 x 2 x 2 1
2
x 2
1 x2 x2 x 2 x 2 x 4
2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x 4 x 2 1
2
x x
3 2
1 x2 x2 x 2 x 4
2
2 4 2 2 1
x 2
0 Lim f ( x )
Lim
x
f ( x)
30
x2 2 2 2 4
2
8 4 1
Lim f ( x) Lim f ( x )
x 3 x2 444
Lim f ( x) 32
x Lim f ( x )
x2 12
8
Lim f ( x )
x2 3
Soluo :
Faa x t 6
3
t6 1
Lim f ( t ) Lim
t 1 t 1
t6 1
t2 1
Lim f ( t ) Lim 3
t 1 t 1 t 1
t 2 12
Lim f ( t ) Lim 3
t 1 t 1 t 13
f ( t ) Lim
t 1 t 1
Lim
t 1
t 1 t 1 t 2 1 t 1 2
t 1
Lim f ( t ) Lim 2
t 1 t 1 t t 1
11
Lim f (t ) 2
t 1 1 11
2
Lim f (t )
t 1 3
x 2 4, se x 1
1) Dado f ( x) 1, se x 1 , calcule os limites das funes e esboce o
3 x, se x 1
grfico.
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) Lim x 2 4 12 4 3
x 1 x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 3 x 3 1 2
x 1 x 1
-2
1 2 3
x
-1
-3
-4
3x 2, se x 1
2) Dado f ( x) 2, se x 1 , calcule os limites das funes e esboce o
4 x 1, se x 1
grfico.
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) Lim 3x 2 3 1 2 1
x1 x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 4 x 1 4 1 1 5
x 1 x 1
f ( x) 3x 2 reta f ( x) 4 x 1 reta
3x 2, se x 1 (1, 1)
3x 2 0 4x 1 0
f ( x) 2, se x 1 (1, 2)
4 x 1, se x 1 (1, 5) x
2
x
1
3 4
1
-1/4 2/3
1 x
-2
x 2 1, se x 2
3) Dado f ( x) 2, se x 2 , calcule os limites das funes e esboce o
9 x 2 , se x 2
grfico.
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) Lim 9 x 2 9 22 5
x 2 x 2
Lim f ( x) Lim x 2 1 22 1 5
x2 x2
2 3 x
x 1, x 3
4) Dado f ( x) , calcule os limites abaixo e esboce o grfico.
3 x 7, x 3
a ) Lim f ( x ); d ) Lim f ( x );
x 3 x 5
b ) Lim f ( x ); e ) Lim f ( x );
x 3 x 5
c ) Lim f ( x ); f ) Lim f ( x ).
x 3 x 5
Soluo:
a ) Lim f ( x ) Lim x 1
x 3 x 3
Lim f ( x ) 3 1
x 3
Lim f ( x ) 2
x 3
b ) Lim f ( x ) Lim 3 x 7
x 3 x 3
Lim f ( x ) 3 3 7
x 3
Lim f ( x ) 2
x 3
c ) Lim f ( x )
x 3
Nas alternativas a seguir veja que para Lim f ( x) , temos x para valores maiores
x5
d ) Lim f ( x ) Lim 3 x 7
x 5 x 5
Lim f ( x ) 3 5 7
x 5
Lim f ( x ) 8
x 5
e ) Lim f ( x ) Lim 3 x 7
x 5 x 5
Lim f ( x ) 3 5 7
x 5
Lim f ( x ) 8
x 5
f ) Lim f ( x )
x 5
Esbouo do Grfico:
Da ilustramos:
-7 x
0 7/3 3 5
-1
1
I ) Lim 0
x xn
1
II ) Lim 0
x xn
0
As expresses , , , 0 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 so todas indeterminaes.
0
5 3x 3
1) Lim f ( x) Lim 5x 3 2
x x 8x 2 2) Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 7x3 3
Soluo:
Soluo:
5 3x 3
Lim f ( x) Lim 5x 3 2
x x 8 x 2 Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 7 x 3 3
5
x 3x 2 2
x3 5 3
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 2
x 8 x x 3
x x3 7 3
x
1 2
5 3x 1
5 2 3
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
x
x 1
8 2 x x 1
x 7 3 3
Lim f ( x)
5 0 3 2
5 2 0
x
x 8 2 0 Lim f ( x)
x 7 3 0
Lim f ( x) 5
x 8 Lim f ( x)
x 7
Lim f ( x)
x
x2 1
3) Lim f ( x) Lim
x x x 1
Soluo:
x2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x x 1
1
x 2 1 2
x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1
x 1
x
1
x 2 1 2
x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1
x 1
x
1
x 1 2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 1
x 1
x
1
1 2
x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1
1
x
1 0
Lim f ( x)
x 1 0
1
Lim f ( x)
x 1
Lim f ( x) 1
x
4) Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x2 1 x2 1
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1
x2 1 x2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x2 1
2
x2 1
2
x x
1 1
x 2 1 2 x 2 1 2
x x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x2 1 x2 1
x x 1 1
x2 1 2
x2 1
x x2
x 1 x2 1
2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1 1
x 1 2 x 1 2
x x
2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1 1
x 1 2 1 2
x x
2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 1 1
x 1 2 1 2
x x
x
1
2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 1 1
1 2
1 2
x x
20
Lim f ( x)
x 1 0 1 0
0
Lim f ( x)
x 11
0
Lim f ( x)
x 2
Lim f ( x) 0
x
5) Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x
x2 1 x
Soluo:
Lim f ( x) Lim x x 2 1 x
x x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
x 1 x x
x
2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim x 1 x x
x2 1 x x2
1 x x
2 2
x x
x2 2
x 1 x x 2
2
2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
x 1 x x
x 2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x
1 x2 x4
2
x x x2 1
x2 1
x
x x x
4 2 4
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
2
x2 1
x 1
x
x 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x x2 1
x2 1
x
1 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x 1
2 x x
1
1 x 1 2 2
x x
1
x
1 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x x 1 x x 1
x 1 2 x 1 2 1
2
x x
1
x x
1 1 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim f ( x)
x x 1 x 1 0 1 x 11
1 2 1
x
1
Lim f ( x)
x 2
v v 1 x2 3
6) Lim f (v) Lim 7) Lim f ( x) Lim
v v 3v 1
x x x2
Soluo: Soluo:
Faa v x 2 x2 3
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x x 2
x 2
x 1 2
Lim f ( x) Lim 3
x x 3x 1 2 x x
f ( x) Lim
x
x x 1
2 Lim
Lim f ( x) Lim x x 2
x x 3 x 2 1 x 8
x
x3 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 1
x x 3 x 1 x x 3
f ( x) Lim
x
1 Lim
x2 x 2 x x 1
x x 8 2
Lim f ( x) Lim x
x x 1
x2 3 2 0
x Lim f ( x)
x 1 0
1
x 2 Lim f ( x)
Lim f ( x) Lim x x 1
x x 1
3 2 Lim f ( x)
x x
0
Lim f ( x)
x 30
Lim f ( x)
x 3
Lim f ( x)
x
1
I ) Lim
x 0 xn
0
As expresses , , , 0 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 so todas indeterminaes.
0
1 x
1) Lim f ( x) Lim x 3 x 2) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0
x x 0 x 0 x2
Soluo: Soluo:
x, se x 0
Condio : x
1 x, se x 0
Lim f ( x) Lim x 3 x
x 0 x 0
x x
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
1 x 0 x 0 x
Lim f ( x) Lim x 3 Lim x Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x x
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
Lim f ( x) 0 0 x 0 x 0 x
x 0
1
Lim f ( x) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x
Lim f ( x)
x 0
Soluo:
x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x2
x 0
x
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
x 0 x 0 x
1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1
x 0 x 0 x
Como o exponte de x mpar, temos :
Lim f ( x)
x 0
Lim f ( x)
x 0
0 1 2 x
-1/2
-1
1
a ) Lim f ( x ) b ) Lim f ( x ) c ) Lim f ( x ) d ) Lim f ( x ) 0
x 1 x 1 2 x2 x 2
1
e ) Lim f ( x ) 1 f ) Lim f ( x ) 1 g ) Lim f ( x ) h ) Lim f ( x )
x 0 x 0 x 2 x
Marcelo Santos Chaves
CLCULO I: LIMITES, DERIVADAS E INTEGRAIS
Exerccios Resolvidos e Comentados
34
Relao Fundamental:
x
1
Lim 1 e
x
x
Inverso de varivel:
1
Se x
y
Ento Lim 1 y y e
1
y 0
Artifcios de auxilio:
a x 1 a k x 1
Lim ln a Lim k ln a
x 0 x x 0 x
Lim 1 ky y e k
y 0
x
k
Lim 1 e k
x
x
n 1
2n 3
1) Lim f ( x) Lim
n n
2n 1
Soluo:
1 1 n
Faa : n 1 n 1
y y 1 y
n 1
2n 3
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
2n 1
1
1 y
2 1 3
Lim f ( y ) Lim
y
y y 1
2 1 1
y
1
2 y
y 2 3
Lim f ( y ) Lim
y y
2 2 1
y
1
2 y
y 1
Lim f ( y ) Lim
y y
2 3
y
1
1 y
2 1
Lim f ( y ) Lim
y
y y 1
1 y
2 3
y
1
1
1 y
Lim 2 Lim 1
y
Lim f ( y )
y y
y
y 1
1
1 y
Lim 2 y Lim 1
y y
y
20 e 1 e
Lim f ( y ) Lim f ( y ) Lim f ( y ) e
y 1 y 1 1 y
1
2 0 1
Tg x
1
2 ) Lim f ( x ) Lim 1
x
x Tg x
2 2
Soluo :
x
1 1 2
Faa : y Tg x
Tg x y
Tg 1 y 1
2
Tg x
1
Lim f ( x ) Lim 1
x
x Tg x
2 2
Lim f ( y ) Lim 1 y y
1
y 1 y 1
Lim f ( y ) 1 11
1
y 1
Lim f ( y ) 2
y 1
Soluo :
3
x
1 1 2
Faa : y Cos x
Cos x y Cos 3 0 y 0
2
3 3
x x
2 2
Lim f ( y ) Lim 1 y y
1
y 0 y 0
Lim f ( y ) e
y 0
Soluo: Soluo:
10
x
10 x 2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim f ( x) Lim
x x
x x2 x2 x2
x Lim f ( x) ln 10
x2
10 10
Faa : y x 10
x y 0 y 0
x
x
10
Lim f ( x) Lim 1
x x
x
Lim f ( y ) Lim 1 y y
10
y 0 y 0
10
Lim f ( y ) Lim 1 y y
1
y 0 y 0
Lim f ( y ) e10
y 0
x 3
4 15 5 x 25
6) Lim f ( x) Lim 7 ) Lim f ( x ) Lim
x 3 x 3 x3 x2 x2 x2
5
5
Soluo :
Soluo: 5 x 25
Lim f ( x ) Lim
x2 x2 x2
x 3
5 x 52
4 15 Lim f ( x ) Lim
Lim f ( x) Lim x2 x2 x2
x 3 x 3 x3
5 5x
5 5 2 2 1
x 3
Lim f ( x ) Lim 5
1 4 1 5
x2 x2 x2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 3 x 3 5 x3 5 2 5 x2 1
Lim f ( x ) Lim
5 x2 x2 x2
x 3
4 1 5 x2 1
f ( x ) Lim 5 2 Lim
5
1 Lim
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim x2 x2 x2 x2
x 3 x 3 5 x 3 x 3
5 Lim f ( x ) 5 ln 5
2
x2
1
Lim f ( x) ln 4 Lim f ( x ) 25 ln 5
x2
x 3 5
x 1
3 1 4
8) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 1
Soluo:
x 1
x 1
x 1
3 1
4
1
4 4
1
Lim f ( x) Lim 5 x 5
3 3
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 1 x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 5 x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 5
5x 5
x 1 x 1 x 1
3 1
4
3 4
1 1 3 1
4
4 x 1 20 x 1
5 x 1 54
Lim f ( x) Lim 4
Lim f ( x) Lim 4
Lim f ( x) Lim 4
x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 5 x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 5 x 1 x 1 Sen 5 x 5
5x 5 5x 5 5x 5
x 1
1 3 1 4
Lim Lim
x 1 20 x 1 x 1
Lim f ( x) 4
Lim f ( x)
1
ln 3
x 1 Sen 5 x 5 x 1 20
Lim
x 1 5x 5
e ax e bx
9) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x
Soluo:
e ax e bx
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x
e ax
e bx bx 1
Lim f ( x) Lim e
x 0 x 0 x
e a x
b 1
e
Lim f ( x) Lim e bx Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x
e
a
Lim f ( x) e b0 ln b
x 0
e
Lim f ( x) e 0 ln e a ln e b
x 0
a
Lim f ( x) 1 log ee log ee
x 0
b
Lim f ( x) a b
x 0
Lim f ( x) b a
x 0
Relao Fundamental:
Sen x
Lim 1
x 0 x
Sen3 x
1 ) Lim f ( x ) Lim
Sen 2 x 2) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 Sen4 x
x 0 x 0 x
Soluo : Soluo:
Sen3 x
Lim f ( x ) Lim
Sen 2 x Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 Sen4 x
x 0 x 0 x
Sen 2 x 2 Sen3x
Lim f ( x ) Lim x
x 0 x 0 x 2 Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 Sen4 x
Sen 2 x
Lim f ( x ) Lim 2 x
x 0 x 0 2x
Sen3 x 3
Sen 2 x
Lim f ( x ) Lim 2 Lim x 3
x 0 x 0 x 0 2x Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 Sen4 x 4
Lim f ( x ) 21
x 0 x 4
Lim f ( x ) 2 Sen3 x
x 0 3
Lim f ( x) Lim 3x
x 0 x 0 Sen4 x
4
4x
Sen3x
Lim 3 Lim
x 0 x 0 3x
Lim f ( x)
x 0 Sen4 x
Lim 4 Lim
x 0 x 0 4x
3 1
Lim f ( x)
x 0 4 1
3
Lim f ( x)
x 0 4
Tgx Cos 1
3) Lim f ( x) Lim 4) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x x x
Soluo: Soluo:
Tgx Cos 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x x x
Senx Cos 1 Cos 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x x Cos 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Cosx
x 0 x 0 x Cos 12
2
Lim f ( x) Lim
Senx 1 x x Cos 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 Cosx x
Cos 2 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
Senx 1 x x Cos 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x Cosx
Sen2
1 Lim f ( x) Lim
Lim f ( x) 1 x x Cos 1
x 0 Cos0
Lim f ( x) 1 1 Lim f ( x) Lim 1
Sen Sen
x 0 x x Cos 1
Lim f ( x) 1 Sen Sen
x 0
Lim f ( x) Lim 1
x x Cos 1
Sen0
Lim f ( x) 1 1
x Cos0 1
0
Lim f ( x) 1
x 11
Lim f ( x) 1 0
x
Lim f ( x) 0
x
Sen 4 x
5) Lim f ( x) Lim
Sen 9 x 6) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 3x
x 0 x 0 x
Soluo: Soluo:
Sen 4 x
Lim f ( x) Lim
Sen 9 x Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 3x
x 0 x 0 x
1 Sen 4 x 4
Lim f ( x) Lim
Sen 9 x 9
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim
x 0 x 0 3 x 0 x 4
x 0 x 0 x 9
1 Sen 4 x
Lim f ( x) Lim 9
Sen 9 x Lim f ( x) Lim Lim 4
x 0 x 0 3 x 0 4x
x 0 x 0 9x
1 Sen 4 x
Lim f ( x) Lim 9 Lim
Sen 9 x Lim f ( x) Lim Lim 4 Lim
x 0 x 0 3 x 0 x 0 4x
x 0 x 0 x 0 9x
f ( x) 9 1 1
Lim
x 0
Lim f ( x) 4 1
x 0 3
Lim f ( x) 9 4
x 0
Lim f ( x)
x 0 3
Sen ax
Sen 10 x 8) Lim f ( x) Lim
7) Lim f ( x) Lim x 0 x 0 Sen bx
x 0 x 0 Sen 7 x
Soluo:
Soluo:
Sen ax
Sen 10 x Lim f ( x) Lim
Lim f ( x) Lim x 0 x 0 Sen bx
x 0 x 0 Sen 7 x
Sen ax
Sen 10 x
Lim f ( x) Lim x
Lim f ( x) Lim x x 0 x 0 Sen bx
x 0 x 0 Sen 7 x
x
x
Sen ax a
Sen 10 x 10
x a
x 10 Lim f ( x) Lim
Lim f ( x) Lim x 0 x 0 Sen bx b
x 0 x 0 Sen 7 x 7
x b
x 7
Sen ax
Sen 10 x Lim a Lim
Lim 10 Lim x 0 x 0 ax
x 0 x 0 10 x Lim f ( x)
Lim f ( x) x 0 Sen bx
x 0 Sen 7 x Lim b Lim
Lim 7 Lim x 0 x 0 bx
x 0 x 0 7x
a 1
10 1 Lim f ( x)
Lim f ( x) x 0 b 1
x 0 7 1
a
10 Lim f ( x)
Lim f ( x) x 0 b
x 0 7
x 1
Tg 3
9) Lim f ( x) Lim
Tg ax
10) Lim f ( x) Lim 4
x 0 x 0 x x 1 x 1 x 13
Soluo: Soluo:
Tg ax x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Tg 3
x 0 x 0 x
Lim f ( x) Lim 4
Sen ax x 1 x 1 x 13
Cos ax
Lim f ( x) Lim x 1
x 0 x 0 x 3 Tg 3
4
Lim f ( x) Lim
Sen ax 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 Cos ax x
x 1 x 1 3
x 13
Lim f ( x) Lim
Sen ax 1 a
x 1
Tg
x 0 x 0 Cos ax x a
Lim f ( x) Lim 4
Sen ax 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim a
x 0 x 0 ax Cos ax x 1
Faa u x 4u 1
Sen ax 1 4
Lim f ( x) Lim a Lim Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 ax x 0 Cos ax Se : x 1 u
1 Tg u
Lim f ( x) a 1 Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 u u 4u 1 1
Cos 0
Tg u
Lim f ( x) a 1
1 Lim f ( x) Lim
u u 4u
x 0 1
Lim f ( x) a Sen u
x 0
Cos u
Lim f ( x) Lim
u u 4u
Sen u 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
u u Cos u 4u
Sen u 1
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim
u u Cos u u 4u
Sen 1
Lim f ( x)
u Cos 4
0 1
Lim f ( x)
u 1 4
Lim f ( x) 0
u
1 Cos x
11) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x
Soluo:
1 Cos x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x
1 Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x
Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x
Cos x 1 Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x Cos x 1
Cos 2 x 12
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x Cos x 1
Cos 2 x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x Cos x 1
Sen2 x
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x Cos x 1
Sen x Sen x
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x Cos x 1
1 Sen x Sen x
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x x 0 Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) 1 1
Sen 0
x 0 Cos 0 1
Lim f ( x) 1 1
0
x 0 11
Lim f ( x) 1 1 0
x 0
Lim f ( x) 0
x 0
1 Cos x
12) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
Soluo:
1 Cos x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
1 Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x2
Cos x 1 Cos x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x2 Cos x 1
Cos 2 x 12
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 2 Cos x 1
Cos 2 x 1
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim 2
x 0 x 0 x 0 x Cos x 1
Sen2 x
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 2 Cos x 1
Sen x Sen x
Lim f ( x) Lim 1 Lim
x 0 x 0 x 0 x x Cos x 1
6 x Sen 2 x
13) Lim f ( x) Lim x 3 Co sec x 14) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 3 x 3 x 0 x 0 2 x 3Sen 4 x
Soluo: Soluo:
Cos 2 x Cos 3 x
15) Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
Soluo:
Cos 2 x Cos 3 x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
2 x 3x 2 x 3x
2 Sen Sen
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2
x 0 x 0 x2
5x x
2 Sen Sen
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2
x 0 x 0 2
x
5x x
2 Sen Sen
2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
x 0 x 0 x
5x x
2 Sen Sen
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2
x 0 x 0 2
x
5x x
2 Sen Sen
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2
x 0 x 0 x x
5x x 5x x
2 Sen Sen 2 Sen Sen
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2 Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2
x 0 x 0 x 2 x 0 x 0 x x
x 2
2 2
5x 5 x 5 5x x
Sen Sen Sen Sen
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2 2 Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2 2
x 0 x 0 5 x x 0 x 0 5x x
x
2 2 2 2
5x x
Sen Sen
5
Lim f ( x) Lim Lim 2 Lim 2
x 0 x 0 2 x 0 5x x 0 x
2 2
5
Lim f ( x) 1 1
x 0 2
5
Lim f ( x)
x 0 2
Soluo:
1 2Cos x Cos 2 x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
1 2Cos x 1 2 Sen2 x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
2 2Cos x 2 Sen2 x
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x2
Lim f ( x) Lim
2 1 Cos x Sen2 x
x 0 x 0 x2
x
2 2 Sen2 Sen2 x
2
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
x 0 x 0 x
x
4 Sen2 2 Sen2 x
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
x 0 x 0 x2
x
4 Sen2
Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2 Sen2 x
x 0 x 0 x2 x2
x
4 Sen2
2 2 Sen x
2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 xx x2
x
4 Sen2
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
2 Sen2 x
x 0 x 0 2 2 x2
x x
2 2
x x
4 Sen2 4 Sen2
2 2 Sen x Lim f ( x) Lim 2 2 Sen x
2 2
Lim f ( x) Lim
x 0 x 0 x x x2 x 0 x 0
x
2
x2
2 2 4
2 2 2
x
Sen2
Lim f ( x) Lim 2
Lim 2 Lim
Sen2 x
2
x 0 x 0
x x 0 x 0 x2
2
Lim f ( x) 1 2
x 0
Lim f ( x) 1
x 0
CAPTULO II
Formula:
h( x ) g( x ) f ' ( x ) f ( x ) g' ( x )
1)
y 2 x 1 3 x 2 6
Soluo :
y' 2 x 1 3 x 2 6 2 x 1 3 x 2 6
'
'
y' 2 3 x 2 6 2 x 1 6 x
y' 6 x 2 12 12 x 2 6 x
y' 18 x 2 6 x 12
2) f ( x ) 1 3 x 5 2 x
Soluo :
f ' ( x ) 1 3 x 5 2 x ' 5 2 x 1 3 x '
f ' ( x ) 1 3 x 2 5 2 x 3
f ' ( x ) 2 6 x 15 6 x
f ' ( x ) 12 x 13
3 ) f ( x ) 1 5 x 2 2 3 x
Soluo :
f ' ( x ) 1 5 x 2 2 3 x ' 2 3 x 1 5 x 2 '
f ' ( x ) 1 5 x 3 2 3 x 10 x
2
f ' ( x ) 3 15 x 2 20 x 30 x 2
f ' ( x ) 45 x 2 20 x 3
Formula:
g' ( x ) f ( x ) f ' ( x ) g( x )
h( x )
f ( x )2
2x 4
1) y
3x 1
Soluo :
y'
2 x 4 ' 3 x 1 2 x 4 3 x 1'
3 x 12
2 3 x 1 2 x 4 3
y'
3 x 12
6 x 2 6 x 12 6 x 2 6 x 12 2 12 14
y' y' y' y'
3 x 1 2
3 x 1 2
3 x 12 3 x 12
x8
2) f(x)
3x 4
Soluo :
f'( x)
3 x 4 x 8 ' - x 8 3 x 4 '
3 x 4 2
f'( x)
3 x 4 1 x 8 3
3 x 4 2
3 x 4 3 x 24
f'( x)
3 x 4 2
20
f'( x)
3 x 4 2
4x2 5x
3) f(x)
x 3 2
Soluo :
x 3 4 x 2 5 x - 4 x 2 5 x x 3
2 ' 2 '
f'( x)
x 32 2
f'( x)
x 32 ( 8 x 5 ) - 4 x 2 5 x 2( x 3) ( x 3)'
x 34
f'( x)
x 32 ( 8 x 5 ) - 4 x 2 5 x (2x 6) 1
x 34
x 3 ( 8 x 5 ) - 4 x 2 5 x (2x 6)
2
f'( x)
x 34
Formula:
f ' ( x ) n u( x ) u( x ) '
n 1
1 ) y x2 5x 7 7
Soluo :
6
y' 7 x 2 5 x 7 x 2 5 x 7
'
y' 7 x 5 x 7 2 x 5
2 6
y' x 5 x 7 14 x 35
2 6
2) f(x) x 2
2 x 14
Soluo :
f ( x ) x 2 2 x 14
1/ 2
f'( x)
1 2
2
x 2 x 14
1 / 2
x 2 2 x 14'
1
f ' ( x ) x 2 2 x 14
2
1 / 2
2 x 2
2 x 2
1 1
f'( x)
2 x 2 x 14 1 / 2
2
f'( x)
1 2 x 2
2 x 2 2 x 14
2x 2
f'( x)
2 x 2 x 14
2
Formula:
f ' (a u ) a u u ' ln a
3 x 1
1 ) y 32x
2
Soluo :
y' 3 2 x
2
3 x 1
'
2 x 2 3 x 1 ln 3
y' 3 2 x 3 x 1
4 x 3.ln 3
2
x
1
2) y
2
Soluo :
x x ' x
1 1 1 1
x 2 ln y' x 2 ln
1 1 1
1 1
y' x ln y'
'
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x
1 1 1 1
y' 1 ln
2 2 x 2 2
x
1 1 1 1
y' ln
2 2 x 2
x
1 1 1
y' ln
2 2 x 2
Formula:
f ' ( x) e x x
'
Exemplo:
f ( x ) e x x
2
Soluo :
f ' ( x ) e x x 2 x '
2
x
f ' ( x ) e x x 2 x
2
f ' ( x ) 2 x e x x
2
Formula:
u'
f'u
u
Exemplo:
y ln 3 x 2 7
Soluo :
y'
3 x
7 ' 2
3x 7 2
6x
y' 2
3x 7
Formula:
f ' log au u'
u ln a
Exemplo:
y log 23 x 7 x 1
2
Soluo :
y'
3 x
7x 1 2
'
3 x 7 x 1 ln 2
2
6x 7
y'
3 x 7 x 1 ln 2
2
Relaes Fundamentais:
y' x 1 Sec x 1 Tg x 1
1
2
y' 2 x Cos sec x 4 Cotg x 4
2
2
y' x 1 2 Sec x 1 Tg x 1
1
1
2
1 1
y' Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2 x 121
1 1
y' Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2 x 1
1
y' Sec x 1 Tg x 1
2 x 1
3 ) y Cotg x 3 2 x 4 ) y Cos 3 x 2
Soluo: Soluo :
'
y' x 3 2 x Cos sec2 x 3 2 x '
y' 3 x 2 Sen 3 x 2
y' 3 x 2
2 Cos sec x 2 x
2 3
y' 3 x Sen 3 x
2 ' 2
y' 3 x 2
2 Cos sec x 2 x
2 3
y' 6 x Sen 3 x 2
5 ) y Tg 3 3 x 1
Soluo:
y' 3 Tg 3 x 1 Tg 3 x 1
3 1 '
y' 3 Tg 3 x 1 Sec2 3 x 1 3 x 1
2 '
y' 3 Tg 3 x 1 Sec2 3 x 1 3
2
y' 9 Tg 3 x 1 Sec2 3 x 1
2
Formulas Fundamental:
u'
1) arc Sen u '
1 u2
u'
2) arc Cos u '
1 u2
u'
3) arc Tg u
'
1 u2
u'
4) arc Sec u
'
u u 2 1
u'
5) arc Cos sec u '
u u 2 1
1 ) y arc Sen x
Soluo :
'
21 1 1 1
x 1 2 1 1
y
' x '
y
'
y
' 2
x
y
'
2 21
x y
'
2 x
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
2
1
2 x 1 1 1
y' y' y'
1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x
2 ) y arc Tg x 2
Soluo :
y'
x 2 '
1 x 2 2
2x
y'
1 x4
1 ) y 3x 8 x , n 6
5 2 2) y e , n 3 2
Soluo: Soluo :
y' 15 x 4 16 x x
x '
y e
' 2
y'' 60 x 3 16 2
y''' 180 x 2 x
y e
' 2
y'''' 360 x
x
y''''' 360 1 2
y' e
y '''''' 0
2
x '
1 1
y e2 x
''
2 2
x
1 1
y e2
''
2 2
'
1
x x
1 1
y e 2 y ''' e 2 x
''
4 4 2
x x
1 1 1
y e 2 y ''' e 2
'''
4 2 8
1) y
x1
Soluo:
3x 2 3x 2
4 '
y' 5
x 1 x 1
3x 2
4
3 x 2 ' x 1 3 x 2 x 1'
y' 5
x 1 x 12
3x 2 3 x 1 3 x 2 1
4
y' 5
x 1 x 12
3x 2 3x 3 3x 2
4
y' 5
x 1 x 12
3x 2 1
4
y' 5
2
x 1 x 1
2) f(x)
5 x 3 x 2 4
2 x x 2 3
Soluo :
f'( x)
2 x 2
3
x 5x 2 3x 5 x 3 x 2 x x
4 ' 2 4 2 3 '
2 x x 2 3 2
f'( x)
2 x 2
x 4 5 x 3 x 5 x 3 x 5 x 3 x 3 2 x x 2 x x
3 2 3 2 ' 2 4 2 2 2 '
2 x x 2 3 2
f'( x)
2 x 2
x 4 5 x 3 x 10 x 3 5 x 3 x 3 2 x x 4 x 1
3 2 3 2 4 2 2
2 x x 2 3 2
f'( x)
2 x 2
x 5 x 3 x 40 x 12 5 x 3 x 2 x x 12 x 3
3 2 3 2 4 2 2
2 x x 2 6
1 ) y 3x 2 1 x x 2 3
2
Soluo :
y' 3 x 2 1 x x 3 x 1 x x
3 ' 2 2 2 3 2 2 '
y' 3 3 x 1 3 x 1 x x 3 x 1 2 x x x x
2 2 2 ' 2 2 2 3 2 2 '
y' 3 3 x 1 6 x x x 3 x 1 2 x x 1 2 x
2 2 2 2 2 3 2
y' 18 x 3 x 1 x x 3 x 1 2 x 2 x 1 2 x
2 2 2 2 2 3 2
2 ) f ( x ) 5 x 2 3 x ( 2 x 2 x )3
4
Soluo :
4
f ' ( x ) 5 x 2 3 x ( 2 x 2 x )3 ' ( 2 x 2 x )3 5 x 2 3 x '
4
f ' ( x ) 5 x 3x
4 3
2
3 ( 2 x 2 x ) 2 ( 2 x 2 x )' ( 2 x 2 x )3 4 5 x 2 3 x 5 x 2 3 x '
f ' ( x ) 5 x 3x 3 ( 2 x 2 x ) 2 ( 4 x 1 ) ( 2 x 2 x )3 4 5 x 2 3 x 10 x 3
2 4 3
f ' ( x ) 5 x 3x ( 2 x 2 x ) 2 ( 12 x 3 ) ( 2 x 2 x )3 5 x 2 3 x 40 x 12
2 4 3
Exemplo:
x 1
ye x 1
Soluo :
x 1
x 1
'
y' e x 1 ln e
x 1
x 1
x 1' x 1 x 1 x 1'
y' e x 1
1
x 1 2
x 1
1 x 1 x 1 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
2
y' e x 1
y' e x 12 y' e
x 1 x 1
x 1
2 2
x 1
Exemplo:
y e xln x
Soluo :
y' e xln x x ln x ln e
'
y' e xln x x ' ln x x ln x ' 1
x'
y' e xln x 1 ln x x
x
1
y' e xln x ln x x
x
y' e xln x
ln x 1
Exemplo:
ex
y ln
x 1
Soluo :
ex
'
'
e x x 1 e x x 1
'
y' x 1
y'
x 1
2
ex ex
x 1 x 1
e x x 1 e x 1 e x x 1 e x e x x 1 1
y'
x 12 y'
x 12 y'
x 12
ex ex ex
x 1 x 1 x 1
e x x 1 1 x 1 x
y' y'
x 12 ex x 1
Exemplo:
Cos 4 x
y
1 Sen 4 x
Soluo :
y'
Cos 4 x ' 1 Sen 4 x Cos 4 x 1 Sen 4 x '
1 Sen 4 x 2
y'
4 x Sen 4 x 1 Sen 4 x Cos 4 x 4 x Cos 4 x
' '
1 Sen 4 x 2
4 Sen 4 x 1 Sen 4 x 4 Cos 4 x Cos 4 x
y'
1 Sen 4 x 2
4 Sen 4 x 4 Sen2 4 x 4 Cos 2 4 x
y'
1 Sen 4 x 2
y'
4 Sen 4 x 4 Sen2 4 x Cos 2 4 x
1 Sen 4 x 2
4 Sen 4 x 4 1
y'
1 Sen 4 x 2
4 Sen 4 x 1
y'
1 Sen 4 x 2
4
y'
1 Sen 4 x
Marcelo Santos Chaves
CLCULO I: LIMITES, DERIVADAS E INTEGRAIS
Exerccios Resolvidos e Comentados
62
Exemplo:
y'
Cos sec x Cotg x
'
Exemplo:
y x Sen x
Soluo :
y' Sen x x Sen x 1 x' x Sen x Sen x' ln x
y' Sen x x Sen x x 1 1 x Sen x Cos x ln x
1
y' Sen x x Sen x 1 x Sen x Cos x ln x
x
Sen x x Sen x
y' x Sen x Cos x ln x
x
Sen x
y' x Sen x Cos x ln x
x
Exemplo:
y 1 arc Cos 3 x
3
Soluo :
y ' 3 1 arc Cos 3 x 1 arc Cos 3 x
3 1 '
3 x
'
y ' 3 1 arc Cos 3 x 0
2
1 3 x
2
2 3
y ' 3 1 arc Cos 3 x
1 9x
2
9 1 arc Cos 3 x
2
y
'
1 9x2
Exemplo:
y ln arc Tg x 2
Soluo :
'
arc Tg x 2 '
y
arc Tg x 2
x 2 '
2x
1 x 2 2
1 x y 2 x 1 4
'
y ' '
y
arc Tg x arc Tg x
2
1 x arc Tg x
2 4 2
2x
y'
1 x arc Tg x 2
4
Exemplo:
y 3 arc Sen x
3
Soluo :
y ' 3 arc Sen x arc Sen x 3 ln 3
3
'
y 3
' arc Sen x 3
x
3 '
ln 3
1 x3
2
3x 2
y ' 3 arc Sen x ln 3
3
1 x 6
3 arc Sen x 3 x 2 ln 3
3
y
'
1 x6
Exemplo:
y Tg x
arc tg x
Soluo :
y ' arc tg x Tg x Tg x Tg x arc tg x ln Tg
arc tg x 1 ' arc tg x '
x'
y arc tg x Tg x Sec x x Tg x
1
ln Tg
' arc tg x 2 ' arc tg x
Tg x 1 1 x2
Tg x 1 x2
y '
arc tg x Tg x
arc tg x
Sec2 x Tg x
arc tg x
ln Tg
Tg x 1 x 2
CAPTULO III
3. INTEGRAIS INDEFINIDAS
Formula:
x n1
x dx C
n
n1
Exemplo:
x
4
dx
x 4 1
f(x)
41
x5
f(x) C
5
Formula:
a k x
a dx
k x
C
k ln a
Exemplo:
34 x
3 dx 4 ln 3 C
4x
Formula:
e k x
e dx
k x
C
k
Exemplo:
e6 x
e dx 6 C
6x
Formula:
a dx
a dx ax C
Exemplo:
2dx
2 dx 2 x C
Formula:
1
x dx ln ( x ) C
Exemplo:
6 1
x dx 6 x dx 6 ln ( x ) C
Formula:
f ( x ) g( x )dx
f ( x )dx g( x )dx
Exemplo:
3 x
4 x 3 dx
2
Soluo :
3x dx 4 x 3 dx
2
3 x 2
dx 4 x 3 dx
x 2 1 x 3 1
3 4
21 31
3 4
x x
3 4
3 4
x x C
3 4
12 12 x 3 x 3
1) 5 4t dt 2) x4
dx
Soluo :
Soluo:
5dt 4tdt 12 12 x 3x3
5 dt 4 tdt x4 x4 x4
t 11 12 x
4
dx 12 x x 4 dx 3 x 3 x 4 dx
f ( x ) 5t 4
11 x 4 1 x 3 1 1
f ( x ) 12 12 3 dx
t2 4 1 31 x
f ( x ) 5t 4
2 3 2
x x
f ( x ) 12 12 3 ln( x )
f ( x ) 5t 2t C
2
3 2
f ( x ) 4 x 3 6 x 2 3 ln( x ) C
2 x 3 x dx
dy
3) 2 2 4) 3x2 4 x3
dx
Soluo: Soluo:
6 2 x 3 x x dx
dy 3 x 2 4 x 3 dx
2 2 4
6 5 x x dx dy 3 x 4 x dx
2 4 2 3
y 3 x dx 4 x dx
6 dx 5 x dx x dx
2 4 2 3
x 2 1 x 4 1 x 2 1 x 3 1
f ( x ) 6x 5 y 3 4
21 4 1 21 31
3 4
x3 x5 x x
f ( x ) 6x 5 C y 3 4
3 5 3 4
y x x C
3 4
Formula:
f g x g ' x dx f u du
3 x 5 3dx e 5 dx
2 5x
1) 2)
Soluo: Soluo:
u 3x 5 u 5x
du du
3 du 3dx 5 du 5 dx
dx dx
Logo : Logo :
u e
2 u
du du
u3 F( x ) eu
F( x )
3 F( x ) e5 x C
( 3 x 5 )3
F( x ) C
3
1
( x 3 ) dx
10
3) 1 x 2 2 xdx 4)
Soluo:
Soluo:
u x3
u 1 x2
du
du 1 du dx
2 x du 2 xdx dx
dx
Logo :
Logo :
u du
10
1
u du u 11
F( x )
F ( x ) ln( u ) 11
F ( x ) ln( 1 x 2 ) C
F( x )
x 311 C
11
Formula:
f xg ' x dx f x g x g x f ' x dx
u dv u v v du
Veja algumas aplicaes:
xe dx
x
1)
Soluo:
ux
du
1 du dx
dx
dv e x dx
dv e
x
dx
v ex
u dv x e e dx
x x
u dv xe e
x x
u dv e ( x 1 ) C
x
x ln x dx x
2
2) 3) e x dx
Soluo: Soluo:
u ln x u x2
du 1 dx du
du 2 x du 2 xdx
dx x x dx
dv xdx dv e x dx
dv xdx dv e
x
dx
x2 v ex
v
2
u dv u v v du
u dv u v v du
u dv x e e 2 x dx
2 x x
x
2 2
u dv ln x
x dx
u dv x e 2 e x dx
2 x x
2 2 x
u dv x e 2 x 1 e C
2 x x
x2 1
u dv 2 ln x xdx
2
x2 x2
u dv
2
ln x
4
C
Formulas:
1 n 1
Sen x dx Senn 1 x Cos x
n
Senn 2 x dx
n
n
1 n 1
Cos x dx n Cos x Sen x n Cos x dx
n n 1 n2
Sen x dx
3
1)
Soluo:
1 31
Sen x dx 3 Sen Sen32 x dx
31
3
x Cos x
3
1 2
Sen x dx 3 Sen x Cos x 3 Sen x dx
3 2
1 2
Sen x dx 3 Sen x Cos x 3 Cos x
3 2
1 2
Sen x dx Cos x 3 Sen x 3 C
3 2
Cos x dx
4
2)
Soluo:
1 4 1
Cos Cos 4 1 x Sen x
x dx Cos 4 2 x dx
4
4 4
1 3
Cos x dx 4 Cos x Sen x 4 Cos x dx
4 3 2
1 3 1 2 1
Cos x dx 4 Cos x Sen x 4 2 Cos x Sen x 2 Cos x dx
4 3 2 1 22
1 3 1 1
Cos x dx Cos 3 x Sen x Cos x Sen x 1 dx
4
4 4 2 2
1 3 1 1
Cos x dx
Cos 3 x Sen x Cos x Sen x x
4
4 4 2 2
1 3 3
Cos x dx 4 Cos x Sen x 8 Cos x Sen x 8 x
4 3
1 3 3
Cos x dx Sen x 4 Cos x 8 Cos x 8 x C
4 3
1) x Sen 5 x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
ux dv Sen 5 x dx
du
dx
1 dv Sen 5 x dx
du dx v Sen 5 x dx
Sen 5x dx
Logo faamos:
t 5x Sen 5x dx
dt dt
dx
5 Sen t 5
dt 5 dx
Sen t dt Cos t Cos 5 x
1 1 1
5 5 5
Da:
v Sen 5 x dx
1
v Cos 5 x
5
Temos:
x Sen 5 x dx u v v du
1 1
x Sen 5 x dx x 5 Cos 5 x 5 Cos 5 x dx
1 1
x Sen 5 x dx 5 x Cos 5 x 5 Cos 5 x dx
Veja que obtivemos uma 3 integral:
Cos 5x dx
Logo faamos:
w 5x Cos 5x dx
dw dw
dx
5 Cos w 5
dw 5 dx 1 1 1
5 Cos w dw Sen w Sen 5 x
5 5
1 1 1
x Sen 5 x dx 5 x Cos 5 x 5 5 Sen 5 x
1 1
x Sen 5 x dx 5 x Cos 5 x 25 Sen 5 x
Por tanto:
1 1
x Sen 5x dx 5 x Cos 5x 25 Sen 5x C
2) ln1 x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u ln1 x dv dx
du 1
dx
1 x dv dx
1 vx
du dx
1 x
Logo Faamos:
u dv u v v du
1
ln1 x dx ln1 x x x 1 x dx
1
ln1 x dx ln1 x x x 1 x dx
Veja que obtivemos uma 2 integral:
1
x 1 x dx
Logo faamos:
1
dw dx
tx 1 x
dt 1
dx
1 dw 1 x dx
dt dx w ln1 x
1
ln1 x dx ln1 x x x 1 x dx
ln1 x dx ln1 x x t w w dt
ln1 x dx ln1 x x x ln1 x ln1 x dx
ln1 x dx ln1 x x x ln1 x ln1 x dx
Faa a transposio:
ln1 x dx M
Por tanto:
ln1 x dx ln1 x x C
t e
4t
3) dt
Soluo:
Consideramos:
ut dv e 4t dt
du
1 dv e dt
4t
dt
du dt v e dt 4t
e dt
4t
Logo faamos:
e dt
4t
w 4t dw
e
w
dw 4
4 1
dt e w dw
dw 4 dt 4
1 w
e dw
4
Ento:
1 w
v e 4t dt e dw
4
u dv u v v du
1 1
t e dt t e 4t e 4t dt
4t
4 4
1 4t 1 4t
t e dt t 4 e 4 e dt
4t
1 1 1
t e dt t e 4t e 4t
4t
4 4 4
1 4t 1 4t
t e dt t 4 e 16 e
4t
Por tanto:
1 1
t e dt t e 4t e 4t C
4t
4 16
4) x 1 Cos 2 x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u x 1 dv Cos 2 x dx
du
dx
1 dv Cos 2 x dx
du dx 1
v Sen 2 x
2
u dv u v v du
x 1Cos 2 x dx x 1 2 Sen 2 x 2 Sen 2 x dx
1 1
1 1
x 1Cos 2 x dx x 1 2 Sen 2 x 2 2 Cos x
1
Por tanto:
5) x ln 3 x dx
Consideramos:
u ln 3 x dv x dx
du 3
dx 3 x
dv x dx
1 x2
du dx v
x 2
u dv u v v du
x2 x2 1
x ln 3x dx ln 3x 2 dx
2 x
x2 1
x ln 3 x dx ln 3 x
2
x dx
2
x2 1 x2
x ln 3 x dx ln 3 x
2
2 2
x2 x2
x ln 3 x dx ln 3 x
2
4
Por tanto:
x2 x2
x ln 3x dx ln 3x 2
4
C
Cos
3
6) x dx
Soluo:
Cos 2 x Cosx dx
Consideramos:
u Cos 2 x dv Cos x dx
du
dx
2 Cos x Sen x dv Cos x dx
du 2 Cos x Sen x dx v Sen x
Temos:
Cos
3
x dx Cos 2 x Sen x Sen x 2 Cos x Sen x dx
Cos
3
x dx Cos 2 x Sen x 2 1 Cos 2 x Cos x dx
Cos
3
x dx Cos 2 x Sen x 2 Cos x dx Cos 3 x dx
Cos
3
x dx Cos 2 x Sen x 2 Sen x Cos 3 x d x
Cos x dx Cos 2 x Sen x 2 Sen x 2 Cos 3 x d x
3
Faa a transposio:
Cos x dx M
3
3 1
2
2
Cos x dx 3 1 Sen x Sen x 3 Sen x
1 1 2
Cos x dx 3 Sen x 3 Sen x 3 Sen x
3 3
1
Cos x dx Sen x 3 Sen x
3 3
Por tanto:
1
Cos x dx Sen x Sen3 x C
3
x
e
x
7) Cos dx
2
Soluo:
Consideramos:
x
dv Cos dx
ue x
2
du x
dx
ex dv Cos 2 dx
du e x dx v 2 Sen
x
2
Temos:
u dv u v v du
x x x
e dx e x 2 Sen 2 Sen e x dx
x
Cos
2 2 2
x x x
e Cos 2 dx e 2 Sen 2 2 Sen 2 e dx
x x x
x
Sen 2 e dx
x
Logo faamos:
x
dw Sen dx
t ex 2
dt x
dx
ex dw Sen 2 dx
dt e x dx w 2 Cos
x
2
Ento:
t dw t w w dt
x x x
Sen 2 e dx e x 2 Cos 2 Cos e x dx
x
2 2
x x x x
Sen 2 e dx e 2 Cos 2 2 e Cos 2 dx
x x
x x x
e dx e x Sen Sen e x dx
x
Cos
2 2 2
x x x x x
e Cos 2 dx e Sen 2 e 2 Cos 2 2 e Cos 2 dx
x x x
x x x x
e Cos 2 dx e Sen 2 e 2 Cos 2 2 e Cos 2 dx
x x x x
Faa a transposio:
x
e dx M
x
Cos
2
x x
M e x Sen e x 2 Cos 2M
2 2
x x
M 2 M e x Sen e x 2 Cos
2 2
x x
3M e x Sen e x 2 Cos
2 2
1 x 1 x
M e x Sen e x 2 Cos
3 2 3 2
x 1 x x 1 x x
e Cos 2 dx 3 e Sen 2 3 e 2 Cos 2
x
Por tanto:
x 1 x 1 x
e dx e x Sen e x 2 Cos C
x
Cos
2 3 2 3 2
8) x ln x dx
Soluo:
x 2
ln x dx
Consideramos:
u ln x dv x dx 2
1
du 1
dx x
dv x 2
dx
5
1 5
du dx x2 2
x v v x 2
5 5
2
Temos:
u dv u v v du
5 5
2 2 1
x ln x dx ln x x 2 x 2 dx
5 5 x
5
2 2
x ln x dx ln x 5 x 2 x 2 x 1 dx
5 5
3
2 5 2 2 2
x ln x dx ln x x x dx
5 5
3
1
2 2 x2
x ln x dx ln x 5 x 2
5 5 3
1
2
7
2
2 2 x
x ln x dx ln x 5 x 2
5 5 7
2
7
2 2 2
x ln x dx ln x 5 x 2 x 2
5 5 7
7
2 4
x ln x dx ln x 5 x 2 x 2
5 35
Por tanto:
2 4
x ln x dx
5
ln x 5 x 2 7 x 2 C
35
Cos sec
3
9) x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
Temos:
u dv u v v du
Cos sec x dx Cos sec x Cotg x Cotg x Cos sec x Cotg x dx
3
Cos sec x dx Cos sec x Cotg x ln Cos sec x Cotg x Cos sec x dx
3 3
Faa a transposio:
Cos sec x dx M
3
Por tanto:
1 1
Cos sec x dx Cos sec x Cotg x ln Cos sec x Cotg x C
3
2 2
x Cos x dx
2
10 )
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u x2 dv Cos x dx
du
dx
2x dv Cos x dx
du 2 x dx v
1
Sen x
Temos:
u dv u v v du
1 1
x Cos x dx x 2 Sen x Sen x 2 x dx
2
1 2
x Cos x dx x 2 Sen x Sen x x dx
2
Sen x x dx
Logo faamos:
tx dw Sen x dx
dt
dx
1 dw Sen x dx
dt dx w
1
Cos x
Ento:
t dw t w w dt
1 1
Sen x x dx x Cos x Cos x dx
1 1
Sen x x dx x Cos x Cos x dx
1 1 1
Sen x x dx x Cos x Sen x
1 1
Sen x x dx x Cos x 2
Sen x
1 1
x Cos x dx x 2 Sen x 2 x Cos x 2 Sen
2
x
1 2
x Cos x dx x Sen x 2 x Cos x 2 Sen x
2 2
Por tanto:
1 2
x Cos x dx x 2 Sen x 2 x Cos x Sen x C
2
x
2
11 ) Sen x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u x2 dv Sen x dx
du
dx
2x dv Sen x dx
du 2 x dx v Cos x
Temos:
x Sen x dx u v v du
2
x
2
Sen x dx x 2 Cos x Cos x 2 x dx
Cos x 2 x dx
Logo faamos:
t 2x dw Cos x dx
dt
2 w Cos x dx
dx
dt 2 dx w Sen x
x
2
Sen x dx x 2 Cos x t w w dt
x
2
Sen x dx x 2 Cos x 2 x Sen x Sen x 2 dx
x
2
Sen x dx x 2 Cos x 2 x Sen x 2 Sen x dx
x
2
Sen x dx x 2 Cos x 2 x Sen x 2 Cos x
x
2
Sen x dx x 2 Cos x 2 x Sen x 2 Cos x
Por tanto:
e
2x
12 ) Sen x dx
Soluo:
Consideramos:
u e2x dv Sen x dx
du
dx
2 e2x dv Sen x dx
du 2 e 2 x dx v Cos x
Temos:
e Sen x dx u v v du
2x
e
2x
Sen x dx e 2 x Cos x Cos x 2 e 2 x dx
Cos x e dx
2x
Logo faamos:
t e2x dw Cos x dx
dt
2 e2x w Cos x dx
dx
dt 2 e 2 x dx w Sen x
e
2x
Sen x dx e 2 x Cos x 2 t w w dt
e
2x
Sen x dx e 2 x Cos x 2 e 2x
Sen x Sen x 2 e 2 x dx
e Sen x dx e 2 x Cos x 2 e 2 x Sen x 2 Sen x 2 e 2 x dx
2x
Faa a transposio:
e Sen x dx M
2x
M e 2 x Cos x 2 e 2 x Sen x 4 M
M 4 M e 2 x Cos x 2 e 2 x Sen x
5M e 2 x Cos x 2 e 2 x Sen x
1 2
M e 2 x Cos x e 2 x Sen x
5 5
Por tanto:
1 2
e Sen x dx e 2 x Cos x e 2 x Sen x C
2x
5 5
Sen x dx
3
13 )
Sen
2
x Sen x dx
Consideramos:
u Sen2 x dv Sen x dx
du
dx
2 Sen x Cos x dv Sen x dx
du 2 Sen x Cos x dx v Cos x
Marcelo Santos Chaves
CLCULO I: LIMITES, DERIVADAS E INTEGRAIS
Exerccios Resolvidos e Comentados
88
Temos:
Sen x dx u v v du
3
Faa a transposio:
Sen x dx M
3
Por tanto:
1 2
Sen x dx 3 Sen x Cos x 3 Cos x C
3 2
REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
APNDICES
APNDICE A
Tabela de Identidades Trigonomtricas
sen 2x = 2 senx.cos x
APNDICE B
APNDICE C
Tabela de Integrais
Integrais Usuais
du u 1
du u C u ln u C
u du 1 C
au
a du
u
lna
C e
u
du e u C senu du cos u C
cosu du sen u C tgu du ln secu C cotgu du ln senu C
cosecu du ln cosecu cotgu C secu du ln secu tgu C sec
2
u du tgu C
cosec u du - cotgu C
2
secu.tgu du secu C cosecu.cotgu du - cosecu C
du u du 1 u du 1 u
arc sen C
a a 2 u 2 a arc tg a C arc sec C
a2 u2 u u2 a2 a a
cosech u du - cotghu C
2
sechu.tghu du sechu C cosechu.cotghu du - cosechu C
du du 1 ua 1 a a2 u2
ln u u 2 a 2 C du
u2 a2
a2 u2 ln
2a u a
C 2 2 a ln
u
C
u a u
Frmulas de Recorrncia
1 n 1
sen u du sen n -1u.cos u
n
n
sen n - 2 u du
n
1 n 1
cos u du n cos u.sen u
n
n n -1
cosn - 2u du
1
tg u du tg n -1u tg n - 2u du
n
n -1
1
cotg u du n - 1 cotg u - cotg n - 2u du
n n -1
1 n2
sec u du n - 1 sec u.tg u
n -1
n n -2
secn - 2 u du
1 n2
cosec u du n - 1 cosec u.cotg u
n -1
n n -2
cosecn - 2u du
du
u. u 2 a 2 1 n
2n 3 du
u 2 a 2 n
2a n 1
2
2
2a n 1 u a 2
2
n 1