(Cliqueapostilas - Com.br) Ingles Gramatica

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2 INGLÊS
GRAMÁTICA
Pronomes POSSESIVOS
Pessoais Possessivos • Adjetivo: Sally has lost her book.

Reflexivos
•Pronome:Those book are hers. (her books)
Sujeito Objeto Adjetivo Pronomes
I Me My Mine Myself
you You Your Yours Yourself Nota:
he Him His His Himself Concordância com indefinidos
she Her Hers Hers Herself
Everybody must bring his own material.
it It Its Its Itself
we Us Our Ours ouselves
Nobody will wrute his composition in ink.
you You your Yours yourselves
they Them their theyrs themselves A concordância do indefinido é
sempre feita através de um adjetivo
One One One’s ___ Oneself
ou pronome masculino e singular.
usados Usados Precedem Substituem Usados
como como: substantivos substantivos como:
sujeito de •objeto de • reflexivos
um verbo um verbo •enfaticos Nota:
Concordam com o
• objeto de •idiomaticos Of + pronome possesivo
possuidor
preposição
They have seen a friend of theirs (one of their
friends). A estrutura of + pronome possesivo
One: significa um dos...
• Pronome indefinido (partícula se)
one must speak in a low voice in hospitals.
(Deve – se falar em voz baixa nos hospitais.) Se um verbo tem dois objetos (direto e indireto):
a) utiliza-se usualmente a estrutura verbo + objeto
• o possesivo de one é one’s. indireto + objeto direto;
b) quando o objeto indireto for usado após o objeto
Observe:
direto, ele é precedido de to ou for.
One must not forget to do one’s homework.

(não se deve esquecer de fazer a tarefa.) I have lost a watch of mine (one of my
watches).
PRONOMES PESSOAIS
• Sujeito: He likes coffee. REFLEXIVOS
• Objeto: Albert loves her. • Reflexivos: Paul cut himself yesterday.
Fred is talking about us. • Enfatico: a) Paul cut the cake himself.
Nota: Paul himself cut the cake.
Posição dos objetos: b) Paul cut the cake itself.
I gave him a present. Ou I gave a present to him.
Objeto Objeto • Idiomático: Billy made the cake by himself.
Objeto Objeto
indireto direto direto direto
They bought me some books. ou
Objeto Objeto Uso:
indireto direto
They bought some books for me.
Objeto Objeto
indireto indireto
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• Reflexivo – indica que o sujeito pratica e recebe os efeitos c) The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet radition and protects you
da ação. Neste caso o pronome vem logo após o verbo e and I and all the people.
concorda com o sujeito. blocks ultraviolet radition and protects .
I hurt myself in the footbal game.
d) Don’t I leave the door open.
Obs: Quando o sujeito for um pronome indefinido, a

Don’t leave open.
concordância é sempre feita com he, 3º pessoa do singular,
masculino. e) Technology brings comfort but we have to pay a certain
price.
Nobody hurt himself.
brings comfort but we to pay a certain price.
• Relfexivo enfatico – Enfatiza o sujeito ou o objeto da

oração. Neste caso o pronome não é parte essencial da oração
e sua posição pode variar. f) He and you were at the zoo yesterday, weren’t you?
She herself talked to the king. (ênfase no sujeito)
She talked to the king herself. (ênfase no sujeito) were at the zoo yesterday, weren’t you?
She talked to the king himsef. (ênfase no objeto)

g) Mary sits between Shirley and me.
She talked to the king. (oração sem ênfase)
sits between
• Reflexivo idiomatico – O pronome vem precedido de by
formando uma expressão que significa “sozinho”, “sem h) Shirley sits between Bob and Mary.
ajuda”.
sits between
He lives by himself. i) Sit in front of Suzy.

EXERCÍCIOS
01) Chosse the correct alternative. I sit in from of
A) We live near (she/her).
J) These aerosols damage the environment.
B) The ozone layer protects (we/us).
C) Barbara likes to walk (I/me) Damage
D) I seldom speak to (he/him).
E) They often see (we/us) at the bus stop.
F) We always bring (them/they) to school.
03) check the correct alternative.
G) There are some letters for (him/he) on the table.
H) Look at (she/her) when she speaks to you.
A) Why don’t you both beheave ?
I) The director is talking to (they/them) now.
J) What do you think about (us/we)? a) itself b) yourselves c) himself
02) Supply the correct personal pronoun. B) Two women spoke to the actor
a) I see Mary and Jill in the park every mornig.

a) themself b) Herself c) himself
I see in the park every mornig.
b) Betty is talking to Bob now. C) We _________________ made the cake.
Is talking to now.
a) itself b)ourselves c) myself
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D) The students talked to the fireman. h) We are thinking about (our/ours) next test. Are you
thinking about (your/yours)?
a) themselves b) himself c) itself
i) There are three magazines here. The first in (my/mine),
E)We did execise by _________________________ .
the second is (her/hers), and the is (their/theirs).
a) ourselves b) itself c) themselves

j) Give him (your/yours) address.
04) Supply the correct reflexive pronoum.
a) Susan drinks too much. She is destroying ________ .

06) Supply the correct possesive.
b) Karen and Tom walked in the park by ____________ .

a) Mary’s train is leaving at 3 o’clock, but John’s
leaving in 3 minutes.
c) The old man is singing to in the shower.
Train is leaving at’3 o’clock, but is leaving

d) I painted the room by .
3 minutes.
e) You must protect ______________ from the rain .
b) My brother’s favorite fruit is apple.________favorite fruit
f) I have to solve this question by is apple.
g) We always wash before breakfast. c) The cats are sleeping in the dog’s house.
h) He has to make that decision by The cats are sleeping in house.
i) They love to look at in the mirror. d) The teacher corrects the students’ compositions.
j) The boy ____________________ treated the horse . The teacher corrects compositions.
05) Choose the correct alternative. e) Mr. Allen’s computer puts him in connection with the
Internet._____________computer puts him in connection
a) In the future housewives are going to do all (their/theirs) with the Internet.
shoping through the computer.
f) Francisco’s daughter reads English very well. _
b) Tom always types (his/hers) letters, but we never type Daughters reads English very well.
(our/ours).
g) Bob and Jane’s favorute song is “New York”.
c) Karen and Susan are waiting for (their/theirs) parents. favorite songs is “New York, New York”.
d) I know (my/mine) family very well. Do you know h) I see Mrs. Allison’s car in front of the bus terminal every
(yours/your)? morning.
e) (your/yours) is an excellent car. How much did you pay I see car in front of the bus terminal
for it? every morning.
f) She always shouts at (her/hers) children. i) The nurse’s room is on the second floor.
Room is on the second floor.
g) Children ask (theirs/their) parents difficult questions.
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j) We are waiting for the children’s letter.
We are waiting for letter. VERBO TO BE – PRESENTE
07) Suply the correct possesive.

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
I am (I’a) I am not (I’mnot) Am I?
a) I do things you do
You are (you’re) You are not (you Are you?
b) She can do homework alone. He can’t do He is (he’s) aren’t) Is she?
She is (she’s) It is He is not (he isn’t) Is she?
(it’s) She ins not (she Is it?
c) We must wash hands before We are (we’re) ins’t) Are we?
lunch. You are (you’re) It is not (it isn’t) Are you?
They are (they’re) We are not (we Are they?
d) The boys aren’t going to clean rooms today.
aren’t)
e) Dr. Smith Washes car every morning. You are not (you
aren’t)
08) Check the correct alternative. They are not (they
aren’t)
a) Does bring books to the class?
a) he-him b) she-her
VERBO TO BE – PASSADO
c) her-she d) she-hers Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativ
I was I was not (Iwasn’t) a
b) Do you preferer listening to records or
You were You were not Was I?
?
He was (you weren’t) Were you?
She was He was not (he Was he?
a) your – yours b) my – him
It was wasn’t) Was she?
c) your – our d) your – mine We were She was not (she Was it?
You were wasn’t) Were we?
c) Everybody must talk to They were It was not (it Were you?
coordinator. wasn’t) Were they?
We were not (we
a) ours b) mine
weren’t)
c) his d) him You were not (you
aren’t)
d) Mrs. Cohen and children are They were not
waiting for answer. (they weren’t)
a) his – our b) their – yours
c) her – our d) her – ours EXERCÍCIOS

01) Complete the dialogues. Follow the example.
Peter is English. (Susan) Is Susan English, too?
No, she isn’t.
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a) He is at school. (they) , too? c) The dog in the garden na hour
No, . ago.
b) Philip and Sheila are late. (I) , too? d) we at john’s house last weekend?
Yes, . e) you not a good student last month.
c) that man is French. (you and your sister)
________too? THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
No, . Presente Verbo
d) This cat black. (dog) . too? Do verbo terminado em
Yes, . TO BE + -ING
e) The doctor is yung. (pilot) , too?
Yes, .
I am working
f) The airport is far. (theater) , too?
No, . You are working
He is working
There is (há, existe) – usado com substantivos singular.
There are (há, existem) – usado com substantivos no She is working
plural. It is working
There was (havia) – usado com substantivo no singular.
We are working
There were (havia) – usado com substantivos no plural.
You are working
EXERCÍCIOS Ortografia
01) Supply there is or there are. Regra geral

a) children playng ball. Os verbos não sofrem modificações ao receber a
b) a bus on the street. terminação – ing.
c) there boats on the lake. Work – working agree – agrecing
d) a boy reading under a tree. Try – tryng ski – skiing
e) policemen at the gate of the
park. Particularidades
1) Se o verbo termina em um único e, ele perde o e, ao
02) Suplly there was or there were. receber – ing.
a) many children in the park
yesterday. Love – loving have – having
b) butter in the refrugerator Exceção: be – being
yesterday. 2) se o verbo termina em consoante
c) a cat in my room last night. +vogal+consoante, dobra-se a ultima consoante acrescenta-se
d) two famous artist at the hotel. - ing. Com verbos de duas ou mais silabas isso ocorre apenas
e) there apples on the table. quando a silaba tônica é a ultima.
Run – running begin - beginning
03)Supply the verb to be in the past. Swim – swimming prefer – prefering
a) This my first italian book.
b) you in Rio last February? Obs.: die – dying tie – tying lie - lying
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Uso: I work
1) Expressa ações que estão acontecendo na atualidade.
You work
Our Kids are growing fast.
I work in na office.
He works in an office
He works They work in an offce.
2) Expresa ações que estão acontecendo no exato
momento em que se fala. Neste caso, são geralmente usados She works
com: now, at this moment, at present.
She is cleaning house now. It works
3) Pode expressar ações futuras. Geralmente usado

We work
com: next week, tomorrow,etc.
I am buying a new car nest week. You work
EXERCÍCIOS They work

01) Choose the correct alternative.
a) The children (is/are) sleeping now. Don’t make any noise.
b) (Is/Are) it raining outside? Ortografia
c) What (is/are) Marion doing in the laboratiry right now?
d) My computer (is/are) working perfectly with the new Regra geral
software.
Quase todos os verbos, com exceção do to be e da
e) Can you help me? (is/am/are) cleannig the garage.
maioria dos anômalos, formam a 3ª pessoa do singular com o
acréscimo de – s.
02) Supply the present continuous of the verbs in
parentheses.
Work – works live – lives play - plays
a) Our classes are (begin) now.
b) Look at these plants! They are (die). Particularidades
c) Don’t worry about Mary. She is (have) a
good time on the farm, 1) Se o verbo terminar em ss, sh, ch, x, z ou o, acrescenta-se –
d) Is your bus (leave) in the morning? es.
Yes, it is.
Kiss – Kisses teach – teaches buzz - buzzes
e) What are your brothers (do)? They are
(swim). Wash – washes fix – fixes do – does
03) Answer the questions. Follow the example. 2) se o vrbo terminar em y precedido de consoante, troca-se o
What’s the secretary doing? (type a letter) y por – ies.
She’s typing a letter.

Try – tries study – studies hurry – hurries
a) What’s the girl doing? (cry)
b) What’s the boy doing? (run in the park)
c)What are the men doing? (read)
c) What is the woman doing? (buy na ice cream) Uso.:
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
1) Expressa ações habitais ou que se repetem no
Infinitivo sem TO
3ª pessoa do singular presente. Geralmente usado com: always, often, usualy,
recebe - S
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frequently, sometimes, never; seldom, every day, on b) She seldom (call) us when she
Monday, etc. (need) help.
c) My mister (teach) Math to young
I always walk to school.
children.
d) Peter and his friend Bob (play)
She seldom gets up early.
tennison Wednesday.
2) Pode expressar verdades universai e ações futuras
e) Some people never (walk) on the side
planejadas.
of the street.
Dogs bark.
f) I usually (wash) my clothes on
Your bus comes at 4:15
Saturday morning.
Auxiliar DO/DOES
03) Write sentences. Follow the example.
Melvin – mechanic – fix – trucks – cars
Afirmativa: You work He works.
Melvin is a mechanic. He fixes trucks and cars.
Interrogativa: Do you work? Does he work?
a) Helen – teacher – teach – portuguese – literature
Negativa: You do not work. He does not work
b) Frank – author – write – newspaper articles – books
c) Roger – engineer – build – houses – bridges
Formas abreviadas: don´t (do not)
d) Carolyn – driver drive – buses – trucks
Doesn’t (does not)
04) Check the correct alternative.

Notas:
a) The battery the necessary eletric
• Nas formas interrogativa e negativa em que se usa o
current to start engine.
verbo auxiliar do/does, o verbo principal fica no infinitivo,
a) provide b) provides
sem to.
b) Does she you in Chicago?
• Do e does não tem tradução quando funcionam como
a) know – live b) knows – live
auxiliares.
c) The worlds population to increase very quichly in
the next 5 years.
EXERCÍCIOS
a) tends b) tend
01) Chosse the correct alternative.
d) Urban developeds huge investiments
Jack is a very lazy boy. He never (get/ges) up early. He
in housing and transportation.
always (miss/misses) the bus to school. Sometimes he (meet
a) demand b) demands
/meets)his friend Fred. Fred is also a very lazy boy. When they
e) Temperature in recife never 7º C
(meet/meets), they (walk/walks) to school. But they
a) reach b) reaches
(stop/stops) at the newstand first. Jack always (buy/buys) a
sport magazines and Fred. (buy/buys) a music magazine. Fred
05) Rewrite the sentences into the negative and the
(like/likes) heavy metal. They (read/reads) on the way to
interrogativeforms.
school and often (arrive/arrives) late. When the arrive the gate
a) His brothers leave for school at 7:00.
is closed and they (go/goes) back home.
Negative
Interrofative
02) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses.
a) Birds from the north always (appear) in our
b) Dennis brings his book to school every day.
farm in summer.
Negative:
Interrogative:
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D) you go to the party or not?
c) She brushes her before breakfast. a) Don’t they let b) Are they going to let
Negative: c) Are they let d) Do they are going to let.
Interrogative: E) The teacher says he our tests this afternoon.
a) is go to correcting b) isn’t correct
d)Susan empties the trash every morning. c) doesn’t correcting d) is going to correct
Negative: F) We the film now, We it tomorrow.
Interrogative: a) don’t watch - are watching
b) aren’t watching – watch
FUTURE WITH GOING TO c) aren’t watching - are going to watch
d) are going to watch – are going to watch
presente do
G) What the day after tomorrow?
verbo
TOBE + GOING + VERBO a) are you going b) you are doing
c) are you going to do c) do you do
I am going to work
You are going to work 02) Complete the sentences. Follow the example.
He is going to work She’s studyng now, then she’s going to walk in the park. (walk
She is going to work in the park)
He is going to work a) He’s reading now, then (swim in the club)
Afirmativa: He is going to work.
we are going to work Interrogativa: Is he going to b)We are dancing mow, then (cat)
work?
you are going to work Negativa: He is not going to c) I am working now, then (sleep)
they are going to work work. d)They are writing now, then (read)
e) We are selecting the material now, then_______ (type)
Uso.:
1) Expressa ação futura ou intenção. 03) Suply the going to form of the verbs in parentheses.
I am going to swim. a) The show (begin) at o’clock sharp.
We are going to get married. b) Mr. Shaw ______________ (leave) the office after 5:00
2) Geralmente vem acompanhado de: tomorrow, next..., in... today.
She’s going to travel in March.
They are going to study tomorrow. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
EXERCÍCIOS Will + VERBO

A) Jane always to school morning. I will work
a) are going to walk b) is going to walk You will work Afirmativa: He will work.
c) walks d) walk He will work Interrogativa: Will he work?
B) They are us the story tomorrow. She will work Negativa: He will not work.
a) are tell b) don’t tell It will work Formas abreviadas: ‘l (will)
c) are to telling d) are going to tell He will wor won’t (will not)
C) She doesn’t play tennis on Fridays,but she They will work
next Friday.
a) is going to play b) isn’t playing
c) doesn’t play d) ins’t going to playing
10 Inglês
Uso:
1) Para expressar ação ou previsão quanto ao futuro. É usado C) They_______ to Japan tomorrow at this time.
com advérbios ou expressões que indiquem tempo futuro: a) will flying
tomorrow, next..., in July, on Moday, etc. b) won’t flying
We will study hard next year. c) will be flying
D) We _______to Sarah in the afternoon.
2) Para dar idéia de pedido. a) will meet
Will you open the door, please. b) will be talking
c) will being speaking
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE E) Susan_______when we get there.
Verbo terminado em a) Will be studing

b) Is studing
WILL BE + -ING c) Won’t studing
F) ________Ted______next weekend?
a) will-work
Afirmativa: He will be working. b) going to-work
Interrogativa: Will he be working? c) will-to work
Negativa: He won’t be working. G) She_______before 2 0’clock.
a) will not to be arriving
Uso: b) won’t arrive
Para expressar ação que estará ocorrendo num c) will not to arrive
determinado tempo no futuro.
Tomorrow at 4 o’clock I’ll be talking to him. 02) Supply the simple future of the verbs in parentheses.
Nota: a) We___________(meet) you by the lake.
Várias formas verbais podem expressar ações b) The Browns_____(move) to the contry in November.
ou acontecimentos futuros. Reveja-as. c) John________(arrive) tomorrow morning.
• Simple future: I will leave next week. d) I__________(catch) the midnight train to Amsterdam
• Going to: I am going to leave next week. e) Cars______(be) lighter in the future.
• Simple present: The train leave in 5 minutes. f) Mrs. Jenkins_______(not come) for the show.
• Present continuous: He is leaving tomorrow. g) I________(represent) my company in the conference

h) The new project_____(begin) in March.
EXERCÍCIOS i) What_______you______(do) after class.

j) I am on a diet, so I ________ (not eat)any ice cream.
01) Chek the correct alternative.

A) ________ you ________ by the end of next week?
a) will – be traveling
b) will – traveling
c) will – be
B) Tomorrow at 7 o’clock l _________ tennis.

a) will be play
b) will be playing
c) won’t be play
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c)It’s raining. We _________ put on our raicoats.
VERBOS ANÔMALOS d)I can’t see you next week. I_______ go to my aunt’s.
Contração com e)Mother was out last night. Father _______ cook our dinner.
Verbo Expressa É usado no
not
a)capacidade Presente futuro
02) Supply can, must, need our might.
CAN b)possibilidade Can’t
c)permissão a)The radio said it_________ rain. (possibilidade remota)
a)capacidade Passado b)Helen ________ help us with the work. (possibilidade)
COULD b)possibilidade condicional Couldn’t c)He has just received his salary. He ________ have some
c)permissão
money. ( dedução)
a)possibilidade Presente
MAY d)You _________ arrive late to the lecture. (proibição)
b)permissão futuro
a)possibilidade mais Passado e)I ____________ count the money again. There is some
remota Presente missing. (necessidade)
MIGHT Mightn’t
b)permissão mais Condicional
formal
Na afirmativa: Presente futuro
03) Supply could, shold or used to.
a) dedução a) You _________ go to the dentist every year. (conselho)
MUST b) obrigação Mustn’t b) I __________ speak English well 5 years ago. (capacidade)
Na negativa:
c) We _________ do all the exercises in na hour.
c) proibição
a)conselho Presente futuro
(possibilidade)
SHOULD Shouldn’t
b)lembrança de um d) I __________ smoke a lot some years ago. (hábito passado)
OUGHT TO oughtn’t to
dever e) We _________ help mother now. She is tired. (dever)
NEED Necessidade Presente futuro Needn’t
Desafio Passado
04) Supply may, dare or ought to.
DARE Presente
futuro a) It’s raining. You ________ take a raincoat. (conselho)
Hábito passado passado Usedn’t to ou b) __________ we leave the clasrrom now? (permissão)
USED TO
didn’t use to c) My sister __________ arrive from Italy today.
(possibilidade)
Notas: d) __________ you swim across the river again? (desafio)
1) Can/could – podem ser substituídos por to be able to. e) I __________ answer Mary’s letter. (dever)
Presente: She can swim → She is able to swim.
Passado: She could swim → She was able to swim. 05) Check all correct alternatives.
Futuro: → She will be able to swim. A) You _______ smoke here.
a) might to b) have permission
2) Must – pode ser substituido por to have to. c) can to d) may
Presente: I must study → I have to study.
Passado: → I had to study. B) The teacher told pupils that they _______ leave the school.
Futuro: I must study tomorrow → I will have to study a) might to b) musted c) mayed d) might
tomorrow.
C) You _______ to know it better.
EXERCÍCIOS a) could b) shold c) ought d) may
01) Suply to have to. D) He _______ speak Italian when he was years old.
a)He _________ run very fast to cath the bus yesterday. a) may b) might c) ought d) could
b)Lucy is sick. She_________ go to the doctor.
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E) She ________ come in May. 07) Check the correct alternative.
a) mays b) have to c) musts d) may A) Our class _______ to study a litle bit more about our
history.
F) She felt ill. She ________ to go to bed immediately. a) should b) ought
a) could b) must c) can d) had
B) They ______ ask the teacher if they want to leave the room.
G) “You mustn’t take that medicine” expressa: a) should b) ought
a) uma ordem b) uma advertência
c) uma obrigação d) uma proibição. C) You _______give her a present. It’s her birthday.
a) should b) ought
H) I’m sure she isn’t here. She _________ be at home.
a) dare b) must c) ought d) have to D) We ________ to arrive at school early tomorrow. There’s a
special class.
I) She ______study hardy now, because she hás no chance to a) should b) ought
pass.
a) mustn’t b)can’t c) shouldn’t d) needn’t E) I _______ to write to my friends in Italy.
a) should b) ought
J) I’m awfully sorry, but I had no choice. I simply ________ 08) Check the correct alternative.
what I did. A) Tecnology ______ provide a higher quality of life to every
a) ought to b) must do citizen.
c) have had todo d) had to do a) should b) ought
06) Check the corret alternative. B) He thinks he ______ anybody’s help to finish his project.
A) she’s crying because her mother says that she _________ a) doesn’t need b) needs not
go to the club with her friends.
a) must b) is allowed to C) The teacher ______ to give us na easier test next time.
c) may d)may not a) should b) ought
B) Your eyes are reddish. You _______ have a fever. D) I _______ to finish cleaning the garage before going to the
a) may not b) mustn’t c) mustn’t d) mightn’t game.
a) need b) needs
C) My team ______ win this championship, but I don’t belive
it will. E) _______ they eat all those sandwiches at once?
a) might b) mustn’t c) may not d) will be allowed a) Need b) Do need
to
09) Check the correct meaning.
D) _______ I used your pen for a minute? A) Look at Fred! He must be drunk.
a) Must b) Mustn’t c)May d) Mightn’t a) dedution b) obligation c) prohibition
E) The teacher said that the children_____ arrive a little late B) We must study because there is an exam tomorrow.
today. There’s no problem. a) dedution b) obligation c) prohibition
a) will may b) will might c) may d) must
C) You mustn’t smoke in this room. Look at the sing.
13 Inglês
a) dedution b) obligation c) prohibition Columbus discovered América in 1492.
She arrived late last nigh.
D) Lucy is running to school. She must be late.
a) dedution b) obligation c) prohibition EXERCÍCIOS
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE – REGULAR VERBS 01) Rewrite the sentences into the interrogative torm.
a) The police stopped us on our way to the stadium.
Verbo + -D/-ED Did the police stop us on our way to the stadium.?
Auxiliar DID b) Albert Eintein formulated the theory of relativity.
c) A big explosion destroyed several houses in the village.
I worked d) Last year’s proficts permited investimentes in the new
You worked factory.
He worked Afirmativa: He worked yesterday. e) Our competitor opened a new industry in Chicago.
She worked Interrogativa: Did he work yesterday?
It worked Negativa: He did not work yesterday. 02) Suplí the simple present or the simple past of the verbs in
We worked parentheses.
You worked Forma abreviada:didn’t (did not) a) Alfred _______ (work) at a big department store now.
They worked b) what _______ she _______ (study) last night?
Notas: c) Timothy ________ (carry) the heavy tables to the garage
• No passado os verbos têm a mesma forma para todas yesterday.
as pessoas. d) The president always ________(speak) to the press in the
• Nas formas interrogativa e negativa em que se usa o Golden Room?
auxiliar (did), o verbo principal fica no infinitivo sem to. e) Why ________ the child________ (cry) every time it is in
Regra geral the dark room?
Acrescenta-se -d/ -ed ao verbo. f) Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
Work-worked play-played
Love-loved agree-agreed 03) Check the correct alternative.
Particularidades A) A Bus _______ against the house and _______ na old lady.
a) crash – kill b) crashes – killed
1) Verbos terminados em y precedido de consoante trocam o y c) crashed – kills c) crashed – killed
por –ied.
Study-studied carry-carried cry-cried B) I ________ them. They________ five minutes later.
2) Verbos terminados em consoante + vogal+ consoante, cuja a) called – arrived b) call – arrives
silaba forte é aultima, dobram a consoante antes do acréscimo c) crashed – arrive d) call – arrived
de –ed.
permit-permited ocur-occurred stop-stopped C) She never ________ with us. She ________ she’s always
right.
uso: a) agreed – think b) agree – think
1) Expressa hábitos passados. c) agrees- think d) agrees – thinks
I walked to school when I was a child.
D) They ________ when I _________ the door.
2) Expressa ações terminadas ou ocorridas em um momento a) complains – closed b) complained – closes
definido. Geralmente usado com yesterday, last..., ago, etc. c) complained - closed d)complains – close
14 Inglês
h) They _________ (do) their homework at 8:30 last night.
E) His company ________a new system of recording sound. i) Helen _________(dance) at the club.
a) develop b) developed J) I _________ (work) with your brother last night.
c) developps d) developped
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE A) Alice ________ up when the telephone rang.
a) gets b) is geting c) was getting d) get
Passado do verbo
verbo terminado em
TO BE + -ING B) My friend didn’t go to the club because it ________.
a) was raining b) is raining c) rain d) rains
I was sleeping
You were sleeping C) Noboly Knew Mary ________ in the Unided States.
He was sleeping Afirmativas: He was sleping. a) is live b)live c)living d) was living
She was sleeping Interrogativa: Was he sleeping?
It was sleeping Negativa: He was not sleeping. D) Several Children __________ in the park when the accident
We were sleeping happened.
You were sleeping Formas abreviadas: wasn’t (was not) a) plays b) is playing
They were sleeping weren’t (were not) c) was plaing d) were playing
Nota: E) I could tell she was sad because she _________.

O verbo terminado em - ing não se altera na a) cries b) is crying
interrogativa e na negativa. c) cry d) was crying.
ORTOGRAFIA THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSES
Todos os tempos continuous seguem as mesmas
normas ortográficas. When (quando) e while (enquanto) podem ser usados
para ligar orações indicando que :
Uso; Expressa ações que estavam acontecendo em um • uma ação estava acontecendo quendo outra ocorreu.
determinado momento no passado. I was studying when she arrived
They were sleeping 5 minutes ago. • duas ações estavam ocorrendo ao mesmo tempo.
I was studing while they were swimming
EXERCÍCIOS
EXERCÍCIOS
01) Supply the past continuous of the verbas in parenses.
a) Susan ________ (help) her mother in the kitchen. 01) Suply while or when.
b) We _________ (run) to school at 8:00 this morning.
c) The children ________ (look) for the cat in the garage. a) Nobody was working _________ I arrived there.
d) Father ________ (drive) Home at 6:00 yesterday. b) She said she was sleeping ________ you were studying.
e) Dennis and Tom _________ (solve) the problem in the c) What were you doing _________ the accident took place?
classroom. d) Are you sure you were not sleeping _______ the boys
f) The telephone ________ (ring) at 5 o’clok this mornig. entered the room?
g) I __________ (walk) down the street at 5:00 in the e) We wen´t having fun ________ their parents were working.
afternoon.
15 Inglês
f) The children were having fun ________ their parents were He hás lived in London. (Ele morou em Londres./
working. Eletem morado em Londres.)
g) Some people were still tryng to buy tickets ________ the
game was going on in the stadium. Obs.: Se o tempo exato em que a ação ocorreu for
h) _________ they finished the exercise we were already mencionado ou sugerido, usa-se o passado simples:
playing outside. I worked with her 10 years ago.
i) Some workers were protesting _________ the President was They studient English last year.
vising the factory. He lived in London when he was a child.
j) Some workers were marching in front of the factory______ b) ações que aconteceram várias vezes no passado.
the President arrived. She hás talked to me many times.
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Since (desde)

We have lived here since April
HAVE/HAS + verbo no For (durante, há)
PARTICIPIO PASSADO I have lived here for 2 years.
Just (acabar de)
The Kids have just arrived
I have worked Afirmativa: He has worked hard. Ever (alguma vez, já)
You have worked Interrogativa: Has he worked hard? Have you ever traveled abroad?
He/she/it has worked Negativa: he hasn’t worked hard. Alrealy (já)
We have worked I have already seen that film.
You have worked Formas abreviadas: Have you alread seen it?
They have worked ‘s (has) Yet (já, ainda)
‘ve (have) Have they arrived yet?
hasn’t (has not) They haven’t arrived yet.
haven’t (have not) Leately (ultimamente)
She hasn’t talked to me lately.
Forma:
1) O particípio passado dos verbos regulares é igual ao THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
passado simples.
2) O verbo principal (no passado não se altera nas frases
interrogativas e negativas: Have you worked HAVE/HAS BEEN + verbo
Terminado em
You haven’t worked.
-ING
Uso:
O presente perfeito é usado para expressar: Afirmativa: She has been working hard.
a) ações que ocorreram num tempo indefinido. Essas ações Interrogativa: Has she been working hard?
podem ou não estar ocorrendo ainda. Negativa: She hasn’t been working hard.
I have worked with her. ( Eu trabalhei com ela. / Eu Uso:

tenho trabalhado com ela.) O presente continuo enfatiza a continuidade da ação
They have studied English. (Eles estudaram que começou no passado e que se prolonga até o presente.
Inglês./Eles têm estudado Inglês.)
16 Inglês
Linda hás been working for 2 hours. She must be 06) Write senteces using since or for.
tired. She – read - book – 3 weeks
She hás been reading this book for 3 weeks.
EXERCÍCIOS
a) we-speak – with Paul – 2 hours
01) Supply the simple past or the present perfect of the verbs b) they – write – letters - yesterday
in parênteses. c) He - sing – this – song – 5 o’clock
a) I ___________ (Kiss) my girlfriend. d) I – waint – for – half an hour
b) the boy _________ (find) a little dog last night.
c) they __________ (be) in the library 5 minutes ago. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
d) She __________ (work) in that room.
HAD + verbo no
e) We ___________(break) the crystal vase.
PARTICIPIO PASSADO
02) Supply alread or yet.

a) I have _________ done my exercises but Sally hasn’t done I had worked
hers___________ You had worked Afirmativa: He had worked.
b) We haven’t run into the new director___________
He/she/it had worked Interrogativa: Had he worked?
c) Have they done their homewoWe
rk____________
had worked __? Negativa: He had not worked.
d) She has _________ sent the postvards. You had worked
They had worked Formas abreviativas: ‘d (had)
03) Suply just or lately. Hadn’t (had not)
a) Mother has ___________ baked a chocolate cake.
b) I haven’t seen Jane ___________ Uso:
c) Have you worked hard __________________? O passado perfeito indica que uma ação ocorreu antes
d) She has ____________ told us the good news. de outra ação no passado. Geralmente é usado com after,
before, when, etc.
04) Suply since or for. I had cleaned the room when she arrived.
a) she hás spoken _________ last year. They had left before I called them.
b) He has worked as a teacher________ last year.
c) They have lived in Miami __________1988. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
d) We haven’t said a word __________2 hours.
HAD BEEN + verbo
05) Rewrite the sentences. Put the adverbs in the correct terminado em
- ING
position. Follow the example.
You have ssen a lion. (ever) I had been working
Have you ever seen a lion? You had been working
He/she/it had been working
a) They have traveled abroad. (never) We had been working
b) She hás arrived. (just) You had been working
c) I haven’t gone to the movies. (lately) They had been working
d) We have lived here. (since 1990)
Afirmativa: He had been working
Interrogativa: Had he been working
17 Inglês
Negativa: He had not been working. 04) Supply past perfect or past continuous.
Formas abreviadas: ‘d (had) a) They dressed after they _________ (wash)
hadn't (had not) b) I came in While he ___________(write).
c) It ____________ (rain) this morning when I got up.
Uso: d) She told me her name after I __________ (ask) bread.
O passado perfeito continuo enfatiza a duração da e) After you ___________ (go), I went to sleep.
ação que ocorreu antes de outra ação no passado. f) When I arrived at his house he ________ still________
When I arrived, she had been crying for na hour. (sleep)
g) She cut her finger while she ____________(cut) bread.
EXERCÍCIOS h) Why didn´t you go to the doctor after I __________ (tell)
01) Check the correct alternative. you?
A) I ________ a letter when the guests arrived. i) The ligth went out while we __________(have) dinner.
a) had been writeing b) had been c) had writing
INFINITIVO E GERÚNDIO
B) She told me her name after I ________ her twice. VERBOS
a) asked b) had askey c) had asking Forma
forma Uso
verbal
Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:
C) When she interrupted him, he ________ about his life for
a) após os verbos anômalos;
an hour. b) após os verbos make e let;
a) had been talk b) had been talking c) talked c) após os verbos auxiliares: do, does, did,
O infinitivo é a will, would;
forma original do d) após as preposições but e except.
D) He ________ for a newspaper but she brought some
verbo. O Usa-se o infinitivo com to:
Infinitivo
magazines. infinitivo pode a) após os verbos: tell, invite, teach, remind,
a) did ask b) have asked c) had asked aparecer com ou wish, desire, want;
sem to b) após: the first, the second, the last, the
only;
02) Suply the past perfect of the verbs in parenteses.
c) após adjetivos no superlativo:
a) We__________ (finish) the exercise when teacher called us. d) após: tôo, enough;
b) I washed the dishes after they _________ (eat) e) após alguns verbos.
c) Jane lost the book Paul________(give) to her.

Usa-se o gerúndio:
d) They read the message she _______ (write).
Verbo com a a) como substantivo funcionando como:
d) They read the message she _______ (White). terminação ing. - sujeito
e) He __________ (leave) the party before I arrived. Observação: Os - objeto direto
verbos com ing - objeto indireto (após preposições);
dos tempos b) após os verbos go e come indicando
03) Supply the past perfect or the simple past of the verbs in Gerúndio
contínuos não atividade física;
parenses. estão no c)após os verbos: admit, avoid, appreclate,
a) Roy told me he __________ (fall) from a tree. gerúndio, mas consider, delay, detest, deny, dislike, enjoy,
b) The teacher ___________ (give) us the test after we had no particípio escape, excuse, finish, keep, mention, miss,
presente. practice, quit;
read the book.
d) após algus verbos (ver lista abaixo)
c) They had drunk a lot before they _________ (start) dinner.
d) I ____________ (sleep) for 2 hours when Jack called me.
e) She answered the door after I _________ (ring) the bell
many times.
18 Inglês
• Verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou Emphasi-
Admit Approve Can’t stand Confuse
infinitivo com TO se
Affirm Avoid Cancel Consider Enjoy
Anticipate Can’t help Condemn Delay Excuse
advise continue love remember
Apreciate Can’t resist Confirm Deny Fancy
agree forget mean stop
allow hate negrect study Favour Mind Prescribe Risk Suggest
attempt leave prefer try Finish Miss Prohibit Save Tolerate
begin like permit Imagine Necessitate Recall Signift Treat
Include Oppose Recognise Simulate Value
It’s not
Postpone Report Skip View
Observação: worth
He stopped to talk. ( Ele parou para conversar.) Justify Predict Resist Stress visualise
He stopped talking. ( Ele parou de conversar.)
• Verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou infinitivo d) As crianças foram nadar no clube.
sem to )verbos de percepção. The chilbren went ___________ in the club.
e) Eles detestaram andar descalços na areia.
feel observe hear see notice watch They disliked _________ barefoot on the sand.
EXERCÍCIOS 03) Underline the correct form of the verbs in parenteses.

a) They attempted (make, making) the exercises by
01) Supply the infinitive with or without to. themselves.
a) You should _________ (travel) at night because it’s fresher. b) I heard the baby (to cry, crying).
b) Jenny made us ________ (clean) the room before we left.
c) Will you __________ (lend) me your book, plase? Verbos seguidos de Verbos seguidos de
Verbos seguidos de
gerúndio e infinitivo gerúndio e infinitivo
d) She did nothing but _____________ (cry) gerúndio
sem to com to
e) I was the first ____________ (arrive) last night.
Admit Verbos de percepção Advise
f) For me, Japanese is the hardest language__________ Avoid Feel Altempt
(speak). Appreciate Hear Begin
g) You are too young __________ (watch) that film. Consider Notice Start
Delay Observe Continue
h) Do you have enough money __________(buy) our tickets?
Detest See Forget
i) They told us ____________ (leave) the room. Deny watch Have
j) Tom invited me ___________ (have) dinner with him. Dislike Leave
Enjoy Like
Escape Love
02) Turn into English. Use gerund.
Excuse Mean
a) A primeira é um bom passatempo Finish Neglect
___________ is a good pastime. Set Prefer
b) Ela gosta de trabalhar de manhã Mention Permit

Miss Remember
She likes __________ in the morning.
Practice Stop
c) Nós falamos em ir ao parque, mas Judy continuou Resist Study
chorando. Suggest Try
We talked about ___________ to the park, but Judy kept understand
___________ Nota: He stopped to talk. (Ele parou para conversar.)

He stopped talking. (Ele parou de conversar.)
19 Inglês
THE NON-FINITES VERBS TAKING A GERUND
(As formas nominais) Examples:
I’II never approve talking in the classrom.
As formas nominais ( no-finits, em inglês) são as She can’t help loving him.
formas verbais não conjugadas e, portanto, sempre invariáveis It’s not worth going there today.
e equivalentes a substantivos ou adjetivos: infinitivo, He confirmed not being a Protestant.
gerundio, particípio presente e particípio passado. Ex: to go, The proibited smoking in the museum.
going (present participle and gerund), gone. Susan doesn’t tolerate living alone.
Em inglês, o particípio presente e o gerúndio são
obtidos acrescentando-se -ing ao infinitivo. O particípio VERBS TAKING AN INFINITIVE WITH “TO”
presente é um adjetivo verbal e sempre é usado nos tempos afford decide long prove
contínuos ( present continuous, past continuous, present appear determine manage refuse
perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future arrange expect mean(intend) resolve
continuous). O gerundio é um substantivo verbal. Veja os attempt fail ofter seem
exemplos: be(obligation) guarantee prepare swear
She’s dancing now (present participle) care help pretend try
She likes dancing. (gerund) choose hope proceed want
claim learn promise wish
O gerundio e o infinitivo podem funcionar como Examples:
sujeito, objetivo ou coplemento predicativo. Veja os I can’t afford to travel to England this year.
exemplos: You are to come here at nine. Don’t forget.
Helping poor children is a joy. (subject) He decided not to go there.
We really enjoy doing it. (object) We hope to graduale in two years’ time.
All she enjoys is helping children. (complement) They refused to help us.
To walk is a pleasure. (subject) Paul means to became an artist.
He wants to walk. (object)
To walk too fast is to walk in vain. (complement) 2) Veja agora os seguintes exemplos:
The teacher doesn’t permit smoking in the classroom.
Observe que: The teacher didn’t permit me to leave the classroom.
• usamos o gerúndio para nos referirmos a um sentido
geral, e o infinitivo a um sentido particular (freqüentemente Observe que o verbo permit exige o gerúndio se não for
com should ou would. seguido de pronome ou substantivo; caso contrario, exige o
1) No texto, encontramos: infinitivo (to-infinitive). Os verbos abaixo comportam-se da
“[...] Ed Murphy was attempting to develop a project [...]” mesma maneira:
“Murphy resisted admitting it was his fault [...]” Acknowledge allow encourage
Observe que o verbo attempt é seguido por um Advise authorize recommend
infinitivo com to (to-infinitive), enquanto resist é seguido por • depois de uma preposição ou conjunção, usamos o gerundio,
um gerúndio. Em português usamos o infinitivo nos dois enquanto em portugues usamos o infinitivo:
casos, mas certos verbos ingleses exigem o infinitivo, e outros We began by sponsoring a desperately poor girl.
p gerúndio. Veja abaixo as listas dos mais comuns desses [...] you’ll feel the personal reward of knowing your love and
verbos: support can do.
Before leaving, turn off the lights.
3) Observe os seguintes exemplos:
20 Inglês
I saw the man crossing the roal. attempt dislike omit
I saw the man cross the road. begin detest prefer
No primeiro exemplo, o uso do gerúndio implica a bother like propose
observação do desenvolvimento da ação, e a oração pode se cease love start
traduzida por Eu vi o homem atravessando a rua. hate need study
No segundo exemplo, o emprego do infinitivo sem to intend neglect
indica apenas que a ação de atravessar foi executada , e• com os verbos dos seguintes exemplos, o emprego do gerúndio
podemos traduzir a oração por Eu vi o homem atravessar a ou infinitivo implica significados diferentes:
rua. I stopped smoking. (Eu parei de fumar)
Essa diferenciação ocorre com os verbos que indicam I stopped to smoke. (Eu parei para fumar)
percepção, tais como see, hear, feel, notice, etc. Veja mais He regretted telling her the story. (Ele se arrependeu de contar
alguns exemplos: a historia a ela.)
She heard the car stopping. John noticed her coming. I regret to inform you your son hás failed the test. (Lamento
She heard the car stop. John noticed her come. informar-lhes que seu filho não passou no teste.)
He tried to play tennis but he failed. ( Ele tentou jogar Tênis,
4) Observe as duas seguintes formas: mas não conseguiu.)
She doesn’t like me smoking. She remembered buying sugar when she got home,
She doesn’t like my smoking. although she couldn’t find it. (Ela se lembrou de que comprara
Ambas podem ser traduzidas por Ela não gosta que açúcar quando chegou em casa, embora não conseguisse
eu fume, mas a primeira, embora muito empregada na língua encontra-lo. – Aqui, remember refere-se ao ato de recordar
coloquial, não é gramaticalmente correta. Observe que, neste uma ação realizada.)
caso, o emprego do gerúndio precedido de um possessivo She remembered to buy sugar. (Ela se lembrou de
corresponde ao modo subjuntivo em português. Veja outros comprar açúcar. Nesse caso, remember refere-se a lembrança
exemplos: de realizar uma ação.)
I can’t satand your behaving like this. He forget meeting me last month. (Ele se esqueceu de
(Não suporto que você se comporte assim). que me conheceu no mês passado.)
She approved the girl’s apologizing. We arranged to meet at five but he forget to meed me.
(Ela aprovou que a menina se desculpasse) (Combinamos nos encontrar às cinco, mas ele se esqueceu de
they don’t like jou’s complaining. me encontrar)
(Eles não gostam que Joe se queixe.) Holidays abroad mean spending a lot of money.
Ex.: (passar as férias no exterior implica gastar muito dinheiro.)
I like dancing. (Eu sempre gosto de dançar; este é um hábito He means to spead his holiday abroad. ( Ele tenciona
geral.) passar as férias no exterior: )
I would like to dance tonight. (gostaria de dançar esta noite,
embora este não seja um hábito meu.) INFINITIVE
He prefers walking to driving. (general) • O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo e pode aparecer com
He prefers to talk this evening. (particular) ou sem a partícula to.
She usually begin working at seven. (general) • Usa –se o infinitivo sem to.
Today she began to work at nine. (particular) a)após os verbos anômalos, os verbos auxiliares do e will e os
Em português usamos apenas o infinitivo em todos verbos make e let
esses exemplos. Os principais verbos que ocorre neste caso Ex. I can swim.
são os seguintes: Do you like coffee?
Let me go
21 Inglês
b) após as conjunções but e except. advise forget permit
Ex. I will do nothing but cry. allow hate prefer
• usa-se o infinitivo com to: attempt intend remember
a) após os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish, desire, want. begin like star
Ex. I want to go home. continue love stop
He told me to stop. dislike neglect try
b) após as palabras too, enougt, the first, the second, the last, Ex.: I hate getting up early.
the only. I hate to get up carly.
Ex. We are tôo youg to die. • os verbos advise, permit e allow, acompanhados de objeto
I was the first one to arrive. direto, são seguidos do infinitivo com to. Não havendo objeto
c) após adjetivos. direto, esses verbos são seguidos apenas de gerúndio.
Ex. This exercice is difficult to do. Ex.: He allowed us to smoke.
• Atenção! He allowed us smoking.
O verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem to. • Observe o verbo stop:
Ex. They helped us do our homework. They stopped to talk. (Eles pararam para conversar.)
They helped us to do our homework. They stoped talking. (Eles pararam de conversar.)
GERUND EXERCICIOS
• O gerúndio é uma forma verbal caracterizada pela 01) Supply the infinitive with our without to.
terminação ing e funciona como substantivo. a) It is wrong _________ (treat) animals cruelly.
• O gerúndio também é usado: b) Plase, let me __________(study) here.
a) após preposições. c) I cannot ___________(agree) to do that.
Ex. She is tired of working. d) We could do nothing but _________ (be) quiet.
b) após os verbos come e go (quando indicarem atividade e) They told me ____________(sit) down.
física) f) This ice is too thin _________(skate) on.
Ex. Let’s go shopping. g) I made him _____________(answer) the letter.
c) após os verbos: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, h) It is bad luck ____________(spell) salt.
delay detest, deny, anjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, i) I told them i would ____________ (be) home late.
miss, practice, resist, suggest, stop, try e understand. j) He was the only one ____________ (buy) her a present.
Ex. He admitted being wrong. k) They invited us ______________ (join) them.
• Assim como o gerúndio, o particípio presente também é l) Would you like somenthing ___________ (drink)?
caracterizado pela terminação –ing. O particípio presente é m) You should ____________ (listen) to what she says.
usado para formar tempos contínuos. n) You are old enough ___________ (be) responsible for your
Ex. He is playing the guitar now. acts.
o) We wished them _____________ (go) but they insisted on
staying.
INFINITIVE AND GERUND p) It is fun ______________ (drive) a car.
• Os verbos feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch podem ser q) What can I _______________(do) for you?
seguidos de gerundio ou de infinitivo sem to. r) It is easy _____________ (sing).
Ex. They watched the birds flying. s) She desires __________(meet) him at the dance ball.
They watched the birds fly. 02) Use gerund or infinitive:
• Verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerundio ou de a) We usualy begin (work) at nine but today we’ll start (sell) at
infinitivo com to: ten.

22 Inglês
b) They never bother (read) any books but they’ll have (read) j) She loves ____________ (be) lazy.
a lot of them for this test. k) We tried ___________ (follow) her.
c) She detests (wash up) but tonight she’ll have (do) it.
d) We love (ride) in the contry. INTERROGATIVES
e) I know you prefer (stay) home, but I’d love (visit) our what (o que, qual) which (que,qual)
friends tonight. what do you need? Which is your favorite
f) Daniel hales (play) fottball. Why don’t we try (play) what is your favorite color? Color: red or blue?
basketball for a change?
g) I don’t like (walk). Les’t take a taxi . Where (onde) why (per que)
h) Do you dislike (smoke)? Yes, very much. If you like Where are you going? Why is she crying?
(smoke) you’ll have (smoke) outside.
03) Use gerund or infinitive: When (quando) whose (se quem)
a) A new room means (spend) more money. When did he arrive? Whose car is this?
b) She didn’t mean (offend) him.
c) Don’t worry. I won’t forget (buy) your things. Who (quem) how (como)
d) On my way to school l stopped (watch) the parede. Who helped you how are you?
e) Has Edward stoped (take) French lessons? Obs.: Quando a pergunta for sobre o sujeito do verbo, não se
f) I tried (do) the exercice but it was tôo difficult for me. usa verbo auxiliar:
g) I’m fed up of swimming. Why don’t we try (sail) This Who saw you? → Tom saw me.
afternoon? What caused the accident? → A ball caused the accident.
04) Complete the following senteces with gerund or infinitive How...
(with “to”). Hom much/ many (quanto/quantos)
a) They thief didn’t admit (participate) in the robbery. How much is this book? It’s 5 dollars.
c) I always avoid (talk) to that nasty girl. How many boys are there in the room? There are 10.
c) I’m sorry, but l can’t help (smoke) while l’m working. How old (quantos anos).
d) We’ve always condemnent (misbehave) in such conditions. How old are you? I am 16 years old.
e) James refused (send) the money back. How long (quanto tempo, qual o tamanho)
f) I’m sorry, but you’re (tell) the truth. How long is the concert? It’s 2 houurs long.
g) She’ll consider (leave) the contry for good. How far (qual a distância)
h) They mean (enter) the university this year. How far is the club? It’s 2 km from here.
i) My father’s just decided (live) by the sea. How tall (qual a altura)
05) Suplí the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in How tall are you? I’m 1,8 meter tall.
parenteses. How high (qual a altura, a altitude)
a) I heard you _____________ (sing). How high can trat plane fly? It can fly about 1,000 feet high.
b) We observed the bird____________ (make) its next. How deep (qual a profundiade)
c) He advised us ______________ (study). How deep is the take? It’s about 10 meters deep.
d) She advised __________________ (study). How often (qual a freqüência )
e) The students attempted ____________ (cheat) during the How often do you go to the club? I go twice a week.
examination. How wide (qual a largura)
f) They started _______________ (look) for the criminal. How wide is the street? It’s 15 meters wide.
g) I dislike _____________ (be) late. How big ( qual o tamanho)
h) I saw you ____________ (write) on the wall. How big is your room? It’s bigger than the kitchen.
i) We began ____________ (study) French.
23 Inglês
INTERROGATIVOS (PRONOMES/ADVERBIOS) (sujeito) what caused the accident? Bad weather caused the
What, who, where, when, etc. accident.
What o que (objeto) what did the accident cause? It caused a lot of
Where onde problems.
When quando *pode-se usar também which e how many:
Why por que Whith came first, the chicken or the egg? (qual veio primeiro,
How como a galinha ou o ovo?)
Do
What time a que horas How many people died in that war? (quantas pessoas
you
How Hours morreram naquela guerra?)
quantas
Study
many ** Whom também pode ser usado nas perguntas sobre o
(horas)
?
How often objetivo, mas não é comum, por ser muito formal.
quantas vezes
Who quem
Whose Life EXERCICIOS
(a vida) de
01) Write questions for the following answers. Follow the
Which Of these quem
example.
books Qual (destes)
Who did you see?
I saw Karen.
a) _______________________________________________
• A estrutura das perguntas acima, comum à maioria dos
Karen saw me.
interrogativos. É própria das perguntas a respeito do objeto do
b)_____________________________________________
verbo:
There were 10 apples in the basket.
Verbo Verbo
interrogativ auxiliar sujeito principal c)_____________________________________________
There boys are in the garage.
d)_____________________________________________
The is Stephen’s gilfriend.
“what do you study?” –“study history”
e) _____________________________________________
That is Going to play the piano.
objeto
f) _____________________________________________
They arrived from China last week.
• Quando a pergunta é sobre o sujeito do verbo, não se usa
g) _____________________________________________ I
verbo auxiliar, sendo o interrogativo seguido da mesma ordem
study English twice a week.
de palavras de uma frase afirmativa.
h)_____________________________________________ She
Afirmação: Paul lives in Rio.
is Going to play the piano.
Pergunta: Who lives in Rio? Paul lives in Rio.
i) _____________________________________________
They will study on Friday.
sujeito
j) _____________________________________________ Mr.
Douglas is terribly sad.
• who e what* são os interrogativos mais comuns nas
perguntas sobre o sujeito. Veja mais exemplos dos dois tipos
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
de perguntas:
Os pronomes relativos introduzem orações
(sujeito) who invited you? Mary invited me.
subordinadas (relative clauses).
(objeto) who** did Mary invite? Mary invited me
Who, whom e that (que, quem) são usados quando o
antecedente do pronome relativo for pessoa.
24 Inglês
The girl who l saw was beautuful. Orações entre vírgulas
Oração Subordina
1) Usa-se who ou that quando o pronome relativo tem a finção Quando a oração subordinada não for essencial
de sujeito do verbo. para o significado da oração:
We saw a man who was asking for money. a) ela vem entre vírgulas;
that b) o pronome relativo não pode ser omitido;
2) Usa-se Who, whom, that ou omite-se o pronome quando oc) não se pode usar o pronome that para introduzi-
pronome relativo tem a função de objeto do verbo. la.
The girl who we saw was very beautiful.
whom The Titanic, which was a big ship, collided with na
that iceberg.
X Kennedy, who was an American president, died in
Which e that ( que, quem) sao usados quando o Dallas.
antecedente do pronome relativo for coisa ou animal.
1) Usa-se which ou that quando o pronome relativo tem a
função de sujeito do verbo. EXERCÍCIOS
The horse which is sick belongs to my incle.
that 01)Supply all possible relative pronouns.
2) Usa-se which, that ou omite-se o pronome quando ele tem a
função de objeto do verbo. a) Ellen looked at the boy_________ she loves and
The horse which I sold belongs to my uncle. smiled.
That b) We met a basketball player_________ is a member of
X the Bulls.
3) Quando o pronome relativo é precedido de preposição, usa- c) The volunteers helped the people
se whom (para pessoa) e which (para coisa e animal). Neste _________they found along the road.
caso não se pode omitir o pronome. d) Those students____________ are late for class
The man about whom we were talking hás arrived. are going to have extra homework.
The dog to which he gave food is still sick. e) The scientists___________ discovered the HIV
1) Usa-se whose (cujo, cuja, cujos cujas) com qualquer virus are going to talk on TV tonight.
antecedente, não podendo ser omitido nem substituído porf) The mechanic ____________ we saw on the
that. street is from North Chicago.
2) Usa-se somente that. g) The mechanic _____________helped us on the
a) quando houver antecedentes diferentes street is from North Chicago.
I know the writers and the books that he mentioned. h) I will never forget the surgeon ___________
b) após the first, the last e superlativos. operated on my father.
c) após all, some every, any, any, no e seus compstos. i) There were many kids __________ had never
He received everything that you sent him. seen a CD-ROM.
Nothing that he says is true. j) Don’t talk to people __________you don’t know.
Nota:
That pode ser omitido quando tiver função de objeto 02) Choose all correct possibilities to complete the sentences.
do verbo. a) who/whom/that/X b) who/that c) none of the others
This is the first time (that) she arrives late. a) That’s the biker___________ was almost run over by the
car.
25 Inglês
b) She didn’t find the book _____________ she was looking h)Children (that, who, X, whom) don’t brush their teeth
for. may have many cavities.
c) What do you think about the painter __________sold one of
his paintings for 9 milion dollars? i)The book (that, X, who, which, whom) he’s reading
d) Don’t tell anybody ___________ I know that l’m going to belongs to me.
get married.
e) Is there any person in this room ____________ you don’t j)People (who, that, whom, X) exercise regularly have a
know? healthier life.
f) I don’t think she’s the person __________ killed the old
lady. 04)Check the correct alternative.
g) I don’t think she’s the person ___________ you were
talking about. A) Einstein, _________theory is very famous, was not
American.
h) Those are the trees _________ they cut down last a) whom b) which c) whose d) who
night.
B)The research _________ you proposed is a very
i)The one _________ committed this crime must be important one.
punished. a) that b) whose c) who d) whom
j)I’m the one ___________ you saw lcaving the room C) Dr. Braun, ________ we saw in the laboratory, has
last night. received a Nobel Prize.
a) whose b) X c)whom d) who
03) Underline all correct possibilities.
a)David fixed the table (who, that) was broken. D)Professor Hill, _________ is 69 years old, is studying
solar energy now.
b)The horses (which, who, that, X) were in the stable a) whose b) X c) whom d) who
belonged to the fariner.
E)Technology, ___________ brings us comfort, is the
c)She’s showing the tiger about (who, that, whom, result of scientific investigation.
which) she wrote a book. a) that b) who c) which d) X
d)The circus (that, which, X, whom) was in town went to F) The woman, ___________ baby is sleeping, is an
the west excellent mother.
a) that b) whose c) who d) whom
e)She bought a violin (whom, X, which, who) cost 1,500
dollars. G) The salesman, __________ showed us the products,
is sick.
f)The violin (whom, X, which, who) she bought cost a) whose b) X c) who d) which
1,500 dollars.
H) Alice, _________ is Canadian, is my neighbor.
g)That’s the man to (whom, which, that, who, X) you a) that b) who c) whom d) X
gave the keys.
26 Inglês
I) The pilot, __________ saved the airplane from a crast, was kind-kindly
on TV las night. honest-honestly
a) whose b) X c) which d) who
• Palavras como hard, fast, late, early, far e
J) Helen, _________ husband is in England, is taking an much podem se adjetivos e advérbios.
Euglish course now.
a) who b) which c) that d)whose I’ve bought a fast car.
You run fast.
05) Choose all correct possibilities to complete the sentences.
• Há advérbios com duas formas e significados
A) who/whom/that/X diferentes.
B) who/that hard, hardly ( duro, dificilmente)
C) which/that late, lately ( tarde, ultimamente)
D) which/that/X near, nearly ( perto, quase)
E) whom He arrived late
I haven’t seen her lately
a)This is the evidence _______ his lawyer needed.
b)The girl ________ we know will help her. Posição dos advérbios
c)There is the housewife _______ we asked a question to.
d)Where is the car ________ you liked? • Advérbios de tempo ( now, yesterday, etc.) ou
e)She is the dentist _________ talked about tooth decay. de lugar ( here, there, etc) – geralmente no final da frase.
f)She is the dentist with ________ we talked about tooth They arrived yesterday.
decay. She lives there.
g)The girl to _______ we are writing lives in Germany.
h)The car ________ Paul bought is made in Italy. • Advérbios de freqüência ( often, never, etc.) ou
i)Einstein formulated a law _______ changed the course of de modo ( kindly, fast, etc.) - no final da frase, antes do verbo
science. principal ou após verbo auxiliar.
j)My brother is studying in the room ________ is near the He drives fast.
kitchen. I always get up early
She has never worked here
ADVERBS
• Advérbios de modo + lugar + tempo – no final

Os advérbios modificam verbos, adjetivos ou outros da frase, nessa ordem.
advérbios. He wrote the letter carefully at home yesterday.
They speak slowly • Advérbios de lugar + modo + tempo (com verbos

She is very gentle que indicam movimento) – no final da frase, nessa ordem.
He lives too far. They went to school by car yesterday.
• Muitos advérbios são formados acrescentando- • Advérbios do mesmo tipo ( tempo/lugar) - a

se a partícula –ly ao substantivo ou adjetivo. unidade menor vem primeiro.
I have breakfast at 7 o’clock in the morning.
day-daily They went to a small village in Tucson, Arizona.
27 Inglês
D) a) We never have been to Chicago before.
EXERCÍCIOS b) The smiths are finally coming to Boston for a
concert.
01) Underline the correct form. c) I saw yesterday a very old school friend of mine at
the library.
a) My nephew learns everything very (quick/ quickly). d) If you have any questions, I gladly will help you.
b) Jeniffer is a (quick/ quickly) learner.
c) We should be more (attentive/attentively) during classes.
d) I don’t understand why the teacher speaks so (slow/slowly). 03) Choose the correct alternative.
e) I’m going to pass because I study very ( hard/hardly).
f) He lost control of the car and (near/nearly) crashed against A) Although he doesn’t have a _____ car, he drives
the wall. very______
g) There have been many accidents on that corner (late/lately). a) fastly – fast b) fast – fastly
h) Jack received a reward for acting very (honest/honestly). c) fast – fast d) fastly – fastly
i) How (frequent/frequently) do you visit your grandmother?
j) Be (frank/frankly) and tell us the truth. B) I can’t believe how ______ my sister can play the piano.
She is really a ______ player.
02) Choose the correct alternative. a) well – good b) good – well
c) well – well d) good – good
A) a) They buy groceries never at the supermarket on
Sunday. C) Her injury was not very ______ but it bled _______
b) They never buy groceries on Sunday at the a) seriously – profuse b) seriously-profusely
supermarket. c) serious – profuse d) serious – profusely
c) They never buy groceries at the supermarket on
Sunday. D) He smiled ______ when he saw his daughter was walking
d) They buy groceries at the supermarket never on ______
Sunday. a) happily – freely b) happy freely
c) happy – free d) happily – free
B) a) Our team played against the Foxes superbly last DEGREES OF COMPARISON
night.
b) Our team played superbly against the Foxes last Em inglês os adjetivos e advérbios podem aparecer nos
night. graus normal, comparativo e superlativo.
c) Our team played against the Foxes last night
superbly. Comparative
d) Our tem played last night superbly against the Foxes.
C) a) The General Meeting is going to be held May 29 at 9 • of equality
o’clock in the morning next Friday.
b) The General Meeting is going to be held at 9 o’clock as ... as (tão...quanto)
in the morning next May 29, Friday. I am as strong as you are
c) The General Meeting is going to be held next Friday
at 9 o’clock in the morning, May 29. not as ... as ( não tão... quanto)
d) The General Meeting is going to be held at 9 o’clock in She is not as intellignet as Peter.
the morning next Friday, May 29.
28 Inglês
not so... as far – farther – the farthest
She is not so fast as Jane little – less – the least
much – more – the most
• of inferiority many- more – the most
less... than (menos...que) Ortografia

This book is less interesting than that
You are less strong than Peter. Regra geral
Acrescentam-se –er/-est
• of superiority – two or more syllable words
more... than (mas...que) Strong – stronger – strongest
She is more intelligent than Peter. Small – smaller – smallest
Superlative Particularidades
• Of inferiority 1) Palavras terminadas em –e recebem apenas –r e –st.

Large – larger – largest
the least... (o/a menos...) Wide – wider – widest
He is the least strong of the boys. 2) Palavras terminadas em consoante + vogal + consoante
She is the least intelligent girl in the class. dobram a consoante antes de receber –er e –est.
Hot – hotter – hottest
• Of superiority – two or more syllable words big – bigger – biggest
the most... (o/a mais...) 3) Palavras terminadas em consoante + y trocam o Y por i ao
This is the most expensive car in town. receber –er e –est.

Happy – happier – happiest
Comparative and superlative of superiority – one or Heavy – heavier – heaviest
two syllable works

-er than... (mais...que) Jack is stronger than Paul. Obs:
the ...-est (o/a mais...) Jack is the strongest boy I know
Usam-se more/most com palavras terminadas em –
Construções especiais ful, -ous, -re, -ing, -ed.
1) It is getting colder and colder.(cada ver mais frio). more/most hopeful
Life is getting more and more expensive. (cada vez mais more/most obscure
cara) more/most surprised
2) The older the better. (Quanto mais velho, melhor.) more/most curious
The more difficult, the more fascinating. (Quanto mais difícil more most charming
mais fascinante.)
• Usam-se –er/-est com palavras terminadas em –
Formas irregulares le, -ow, -er.
Simple – simpler – simplest
good – better – the best Narrow – narrower – narrowst
bad – worse – the worst Clever – cleverer – cleverest
29 Inglês
d) My car runs 120 kilometers per hour. Your car runs
EXERCÍCIOS 120 kilometers per hour too. My car is____________ (fast)
01) supply the comparative of superiority. yours.
a) Bob’s motoreyele is ___________ (old) my car. My car runs 10 kilometers on one liter of gasoline. Your car
b)The Eiffel Tower is ___________ (high) the Statue of runs15 kilometers on
Liberty. e) one liter of gasoline. My car is ___________ (
c) The cake is ______________ (sweet) the ice-cream. ccomical) yours.
d) A car is ____________(safe) a motorcycle. f) A car is _____________ (heavy) a truck.
e) My uncle is ____________ (tall) my father. g) Our house has 6 rooms. Mary’s house has 8 rooms.
02) Supply the superlative of superiority. Our house is ____________ (big) Mary’s.
a) Linda is the __________ (short) girl among my friends. h) A house costs 50,000 dollars. Na apartment costs
a) This is the ___________ (simple) exercise in this 45,000 dollars. Na apartment is ____________ (expensive) a
book house.
b) São Paulo is the ___________ (large) city in Brazil. i) Johnny weighs 130 kilos. Tommy weighs 120 kilos.
c) Corsa is the ____________ (light) car produced in Johnny is _________ (fat) Tommy.
Brazil.
d) Jonathan is the __________ (tall) boy in our class 05) Supply the comparative of equality
03) Supply the comparative or superlative of superiority.
a) My method is __________ (practical) yours.
a) Their car is _______ (new) ours. b) alice’s class isn’t _________ (interesting) Nancy’s.
b) A sports car is ________ (fast) a truck. c) The president’s room is _________ (comfortable) The
c) Mr. Clark drove _________ (fast) car in the world ministers.
d) Oceans are __________ ( deep) rivers.
e) Jane looks __________ (young) her sister Ann. 06) Supply the comparative of inferiority.
f) I bought _________ (cheap) hat in the store.
g) The lion is ________ (smart) of all animais. a) Jennifer is ________ (popular) Mary.
h) The Nile is _________ (long) river in the world. b) My sister is _________ (curious) my Brother.
i) Margareth was ________ (clever) of the girls. c) A bicycle is _________ (expensive) a car.
j) Helen was __________ (clever) judith
01) Supply the correct form of the adjectives in 07) Supply The superlative of inferiority.
parentheses.
a) The new dictionary is _____________ (complete) of our
a) Francis bought his car in 1996. I bought mine in 1995. His library.
car is not ___________ (old) mine. b) Harold is ___________ (intelligent) boy in my class.
a) My answer was exact. Yours was exact too. My c) This is __________ (durable) metal there is.
answer was________ (exact) yours. d) You are talking about ________ (important) aspect of the
b) The Ericson Building has 95 floors. The Empire problem.
State Building has 102 floors.
c) The temperature in Paris is 15°C. The temperature in CONDITIONAL
Moscow is 6°C. The temperature in Moscow is __________
(cold) in Paris. Conditional tenses
Simple conditional WOULD + verbo

30 Inglês
She would go. ( Ela iria.) were I rich, I would buy a big house.
ct WOULD HAVE + particípio passado 05) Unless ( se não, a menos que) pode ser usado no lugar de
She would have gone. ( Ela teria ido.) if not.
Formas abreviadas: ‘D(WOULD) He won’t come if you don't call him.
She’d go. He won’t come unless you call him.
WOULDNT (WOULD + NOT)

She wouldn’t go. EXERCÍCIOS
Conditional sentences 01) Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
a) She__________ (tell) you the story if you ask her.
As orações condicionais expressam uma condição e são b) I’II explain the lesson again if she __________ (
geralmente usadas com outros tempos verbais. understand-negative) it.
a) simple present + simple future – expressa uma condição c) If they __________ (call) me, I will tell them the truth.
provável. d) The refugees ___________ (abandon) the camp if the
If she invites me, I’ll visit her. enemies come back again.
e) If he ____________ (study) for the test, he will pass.
b) simple past + simple conditional – expressa uma condição
improvável. 02) Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
If she invited me, I would visit her. a) If I knew you were coming, I __________ (make) a cake.
b) Helen _________ (come) to the party if we invited her.
c) past perfect + conditional perfect – expressa uma condição c) If he __________ (compare) the fact, he would conclude
impossível that I was right.
If she had invited me, I would have visited her. d) I would study today if I ____________ (have a test
tomorrow.
Particularidades e) The President __________ (approve) the project if he
accepted the idea.
1) Pode-se usar o simple present com o imperative.
If you have any problem, call me. 03) Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
a) Those men wouldn’t have cut the trees if we __________ (
2) Pode-se usar o simple present com outro simple present protest).
para expressar leis naturais ou verdades iniversais. b) If they had paid attention, they _________ (learn) the
If you put wood on a fire, it burns. lesson.
If you heat iron, it melts. c) We ___________ (go) to the movies, if we had had money.
d) If we had stored the information, we ___________ (save)
03) O verbo to be no simple past tem a forma were para todas time.
as pessoas. e) You would have found your book, if you ___________
I would visit her if I were you. (look for) it in the teacher’s room.
04) O if pode ser omitido, fazendo-se a inversão do sujeito 04) Write sentences using the given words. Follow the
com o verbo. example.
If I were rich, I would buy a big house. he – ask – I – tell the story ( probable condition)
31 Inglês
If he asks, I will tell the story. Which of those two dresses do you want?
a) They – play well – they – win the game ( probable - Neither.
condition)
b) we-buy a car – we – have money (improbable condition)
c) he – save the house – he – call the fire departament INDEFINIDOS
(impossible condition)
d) it rain – we not go to the beach (improbable condition) Observe os exemplos:
(afirmativa) There are some articles about planets in our library.
INDEFINIDOS (interrogativa) Are there any articles about planets in our library?
(negativa) -There aren’t any articles about planets in our library.
Some Any No, none -There are no articles about planets in our library.
*Frases no ( adjetivo)
*Frases interrogativas none ( Some: alguns, algumas. – É usado em frases
afirmativas e negativas pronome) afirmativas.
Any: alguns, algumas. – É usado em frases
*Frases *Frases Frases interrogativas e negativas.
interrogativas afirmativas negativas com No: nenhum, nenhuma. – É

usado em frases negativas
(significando o verbo na
qualquer) forma positiva
*Frases com if
e palavras INDEFINIDOS – SOME/ANY
como: seldom,
never, Observe os exemplos:
without,
rarely etc. Would you like some coffee? oferecimento
someone anyone no one
somebody anybody nobody Can you give me some money? pedido
something anything nothing
Some é usado em frases interrogativas quando
somewhere anywhere nowhere se trata de:
sometime a) oferecimento
b) pedido
Notas: Observe os exemplos:
- Pode indicar uma escolha entre vários. If you have any difficulty, ask me for help.
Which of those three records do you prefer? Any book about cells will explain mitosis.
- Any. We seldom see any flower in their garden.
- Pode indicar uma escolha entre dois.
Which of those two records do you prefer?
- Either. FUNÇÕES DO INDEFINIDOS
- Pode indicar uma escolha entre vários.
Which of those dresses do you want? Observe os exemplos:
- None.
- Pode indicar uma escolha entre dois. I want some apples. Some e any
podem ser
adjetivos ou
pronomes.
No funciona
apenas como
32 Inglês
I want some
I don’t want any apples.

I don’t want any They live somewhere near the North Pole. (Eles vivem em
algum lugar perto do Pólo Norte)
I want no apples Would you like something to drink? (Você gostaria de algo
I want none para beber?)
INDEFINIDOS COMPOSTOS São usados em frases afirmativas ou em perguntas em que se

Some any no deseja resposta afirmativa, como quando se oferece algo para
Someone anyone no one beber; etc.
Somebody anybody nobody
Something anything nothing Anybody (ou anuthing anywhere
anyone)
Somewhere anywhere nowhere (alguém) (alguma coisa) (em/a
algum lugar)
Os indefinidos compostos de some, any e no seguem as

mesmas regras de uso destes.
Did anybody call while I was out? (Alguém ligou na minha
Any é usado em frases afirmativas ausência?)
quando:
Did you say anything? (Você disse alguma coisa?)
a) a frase começa com if;
b) significa qualquer; São usados em perguntas gerais.
c) há uma palavra de sentido
negativo na frase. (not) anybody (ou) (not) anything
(not) anywhere (not) anyone
(ninguém) (nada) (em/a nenhum
Nota: lugar
Algumas palavras de sentido negativo:

Did anybody call while I was out? (Alguém ligou na minha
Never rarely barely ausência?)
Seldom hardly scarcely Did you say anything? (Você disse alguma coisa?)
São usados em perguntas gerais.
INDEFINIDOS (PRONOMES/ADVÉRBIOS)
COMPOSTOS: (not) anybody (ou) (not) anything
something, somewhere, ect.
(not) anywhere (not) anyone
(ninguém) (nada) (em/a nenhum
lugar
Os pronomes e também advérbios de sentido indefinido
We didn’t go anywhere. (Nós não fomos a nenhum lugar.)
seguem, quando compostos, os usos das suas formas simples.
There isn’t anyone at home.(Não há ninguém em casa.)
Assim, empregamos:
São usados em frases negativas, com o verbo na forma
negativa.
para pessoas para coisas para lugares
Nobody (ou nothing nowhere
Somebody (ou something somewhere no one*)
someone)
(alguém) (alguma coisa) (em/a algum (ninguém (nada) (em/a
lugar nenhum lugar.)
33 Inglês
A) __________ of my brothers speaks English.
a) None b) Any c) No
Nobody knows the secret of those centenarians. (Ninguém
sabe o segredo daqueles centenários.) B) We must save _________ money to buy a new house.
a) Some b) no c) any
I want nothing from those dishonest peaple. ( Eu não quero
nada daquelas pessoas desonestas.) C) They didn’t give us ________ invitation to the concert.
a) no b) some c) any
São usados em frases negativas, sem que o verbo esteja na
forma negativa. D) I didn’t go to the party because my car had ____________
fuel.
a) some b) none c) no
Anybody (ou anything anywhere
anyone)
(qualquer pessoa) (qualquer coisa) E) Are there _________ doctors in the audience?
(em/a qualquer lugar.) a) none b) any c) some
F) _________ students were playind the guitar yesterday.

Anybody can do that. It’s very easy. (Qualquer pessoa pode a) None b) Some c) Any
fazer isso. É muito fácil.)
- “Where can I leave this?” (Onde é que eu posso deixar isto?) G) Did they save________ money last year?
- “Leave it anywhere.” (Deixe-o em qualquer lugar.) a) some b) any c) none
São usados em frases afirmativas, com o sentido de qualquer H) I drank ________ alcohol at the party last night.
um, não importa qual. a) any b) none c) no
I) Does he have ________ French books? No, he has

Eveybody (ou everything
everywhere everyone) ________
(todos) (tudo) (em/a a) any-none b) any-no c)some-any
todo lugar)
J) I’m sorry you can’t sit down. There are ___________ empty
seats
a) no b) none c) some
Everybody knows the value of education. (Todos
sabem o valor da educação.) 02) Underline the correct word.
They are looking for you everywhere. (Eles estão te a) She didn’t say (nothing/anything/something) when
procurando em todo lugar.) she heard the news. She just cried.
b) ( Some/Any) economists say that it’s hard to stop inflation.
São usados em, afirmações e perguntas. c) Nancy was crying because she couldn’t find her wallet
(somewhere/anywhere).
EXERCÍCIOS d) Mrs. Taylor was worried because her little son wasn’t
(anywhere/nowhere) in the neighborhood.
e) Do you see (nothing/anything) strange in Martha?
34 Inglês
l) There’s ________ written on that wall, but I can’t read it.
03) Check the correct alternative. m) There isn’t________ to eat in the refrigerator.
A) Scientists have found ________ signs of water on the n) Are you going to take _______ for your headche?
surface of Mars. o) Don’t put _________ books on the table.
a) any b) nobody c)some d)nothing
B) This faxi can take you _________ near the museum. A) The teacher said we could ask him about________
a)some b) anything c)somewhere d) someone a) anything b) any c) somewhere d) no
C) Has this detective solved________mysterious case? B) My friend Fred sent me ______ very funny postcards from
a)something b)anyone c) nothing d) London.
any a) some b) anything c) somewhere d) someone
D) Are you waiting for ________ ? No, I’m waiting for C) If I had a million dollars, I could travel _________
________ a)somewhere b)anywhere c) nothing d) anything
a)anybody – somebody b)nobody-ayone D) Would you like to have _______ to eat now?
c)anyone-anybody d)anybody-nobody a) anything b) something c) nothing d) anywhere
E) We seldom see _______ in thar restaurant.
E)They never greet________ when they enter the office. a) anybody b) somebody c) no d) nobody
a) someone b)nobody c)anyone d) something F) Ask me if you have ______ problem.
F) Is there ________ I can do for you? No, _________ a) some b)no c) any d)something
a) nothing-nothing b) anything-nothing G) I know she will have _______ problem.
c) anything-something d) something- anything a) nothing b)no c) any d)anything
G)My sister doesn’t go ______ on Monday nights. H) Hardly ________ believes in ghosts nowadays.
a) somewhere b) anyone c)nowhere d) anywhere a) somebody b) anybody c) nobody d) someone
H) I think ______ is knocking at the door. I) Can we bring _______ to the party?
a) somewhere b) somebody a) somebody b) anyone c) nobody d) anywhere
c)anybody d) anything J) Yes, you can bring _______ you want.
a)somewhere b)somebody c) anybody d) anything
04) Supply some, any, no, and compounds.
a) Is there _________ you want to ask me? 06) Supply some, any, no, and compounds.
b) I asked him for _________ money, but he didn’t a) She won’t finish her work if she doesn’t have __________
have__________ help.
c) I cannot tell you _________ about him. b) This game is so easy that _______ can play it.
d) Don’t make __________ noise. There is __________ c) Don’t talk unless you need________ help.
sleeping. d) She was very angry and left the room without saying
e) ____________ has takem my umbrella. I can’t find it. __________
f) Did you see my pen? I can find it ________ e) ___________ is calling you. I can hear it.
g) Did you go ________ last night? f) If there’s _________ I can do for you, just let me know.
h) There are_________ students here. Thet must be_________ g) Would you like to have _______ hot tea now? It’s a little
else. cold.
i) Have you read _________ good books lately? h)Yes, please. I’d like _________ tea without sugar.
j) Has __________ here lost o book? I’ve found a red one on i) I went to your house yesterday, but there was ________ in.
the table. j) They never bring ________ food for the picnic.
k) _________ has broken my radio. k) I saw you keys _________ near the door.
35 Inglês
l) Do you have _________ books about Mozart? No, I
have_________ Passado perfeito The Smilths had called, hadn’t they?
m) The box is empty. There’s _________ in it. The Smilths hadn’t called, had they?
n) Do you have _________ to tell me?
o) There is __________ in the garden. It must be the mailman. Anômalos You can help me, can’t you?
You can’t help me, can you?
07) Underline the correct word.
a) Do you have (some/any) doubt?
b) I offered him (some/any) moncy but he wanted (no/none).
Características do tag question:
c) Julie was sad yesterday but she told me she had (no/some) 1) É sempre formado por um verbo auxiliar e um
problems. pronome.
2) Quando a frase é negativa, o tag question é
d) May I offer you (some/any/no) coffee? afirmativo.
e) If you hear (some/any/no) noise, call thje police. 3) Quando a frase é afirmativa, o tag question é
negativo.
f) These are all my books. You can take (some/any) one you 4) No tag question negativo o verbo auxiliar aparece
want. sempre contraído com a forma not
g) I’m not thirsty. Bring me (some/no/none) water.

h) The doctor didn’t have (some/any/no) good new for us. Notas:
i) She helped us without (none/any/no) interest.
j) They seldom buy (any/some/none) fruit at the street market. I am late today, aren’t l?
She may come late, may she not?
TAG QUESTION Let’s dance, shall we?
Presente simples Paul likes coffee, doesn’t he? Open the door, will you?
Paul doesn’t like coffee, does he? There are four students in classroom, aren’t there?
Passado simples You wrote the letter, didn’t you?

You didn’t write the letter, did you? EXERCÍCIOS
Futuro simples The Browns will travel, won’t they?

The Browns will travel, will they? 01) supply tag questions.
a) He is early, _________________________________
Presente continuo Karen is working, isn’t she? b) We must go now, ____________________________
Karen is working, is she? c) I was very tired, _____________________________
d) They ought not to be here, _____________________
Passado continuo They were playing weren’t they? e) You can’t speak French, _______________________
They weren’t playing were they? f) they play tennis well, __________________________
g) He had been to Rio, ___________________________
Futuro contíonuo You will be traveling tomorrow, won’t h) They offered us some tea, ______________________
you? i) I am a little late today, _________________________
You won’t be traveling tomorrow, j) John always comes at five, ______________________
Won’t you? k) Let’s not be sentimental, _______________________
l) You won’t cry, _______________________________
Presente perfeito Lucy has arrived, hasn’t she? m) Their question’s been answered, ________________
Lucy hasn’t arrived, has she? n) Bring those chairs to me, ______________________
36 Inglês
o) She was sleeping when you arrived, ______________ Uso: para dizer que alguém fez algo por você.
p) There were 20 apples in the basket, ______________ Voz ativa: I painted my house. ( Eu mesma pintei a casa)
q) Let’s give John a book for his birthday, ___________ Voz passiva: I had my house painted. ( Alguém pintou a casa
r) Jane saw you at the party, ______________________ para mim.)
s) Come here, _________________________________
t) I am not right, _______________________________ Voz ativa Voz passiva
Simple Present am/ is/ are + past participe
VERBOS He does the exercises The exercises are done.
Simple Past was/ were+ past participle
VOZ PASSIVA He did the exescises. The exercises were done.
Present Progressive am/is/are being + past participle
Ao passarmos uma sentença da voz ativa para a passiva : He is doing the exercises. The exercises are being done.
1) O sujeito da voz ativa passa a ser o agente da passiva ( Past Progressive was/were being + past participle
precedido de by). He was doing the exercises. The exercises were being done.
2) O objeto da voz ativa passa a ser o sujeito da voz passiva. Present Perfect have/has been + past participle
3) Introduzimos o verbo to be no mesmo tempo verbal do He has done the exercises. The exercises have been done.
verbo principal da voz ativa. Past Perfect had been + past participle
4) O verbo principal da voz ativa passa para o participio He had done the exercises. The exercises had been done.
passado na voz passiva. Future with going to am/is/ are going to be+ past
Exemplo: He is going to do the participle
He made the house. (voz ativa) exercises The exercises are going to be
The house was made by him. ( voz passiva) done.
Future with will will be + past participle
Notas: He will do the exercises. The exercises will be done.
1) Quando o sujeito da voz ativa estiver indeterminado ( they, Future Perfect will have been + past participle
someone, people, one), nao se coloca o agente da passiva nem He will have done the The exercises will have been
by. exercises. done.
Someone has closed the door. ( voz ativa)
Future Progressive will be being + past participle
The door has been closed. (voz passiva)
He will be doing the The exercises will be being done.
2) A sentença que na voz ativa tiver um objeto direto e um
exercises.
indireto pode ser transformada de duas maneiras:
Modal Verbs can/ could/ may… be+ past
a) o objeto indireto da voz ativa torna-se sujeito da voz
He can do the exercises. participle
passiva.
The exercises can be done.
b) o objeto da voz ativa torna-se sujeito da voz passiva.
Modal Perfect can/ could/ may… have been +
He gave a present to her.
He can have done the past participle
a) She was given a present by him.
exercises. The exercises can have been
b) A present was given to her by him.
done.
Causative Form
Uso : para enfatizar a ação.
They will carch the tiger.
Formação Verbo to have ou get + particípio passado
The tiger will be caught.
I had my house painted.

37 Inglês
a) We followed the leader.
EXERCÍCIOS b) The children have lost your keys.
c) That man built the new doghouse.
01) Rewrute the senteses in the passive voice with the correct d) Max had corrected all l the tests.
form of the verbs. e) Justice punishes crimes.
a) They are preparing the meal. f) My brother spent all my money.
The meal _______________________________________ g) The girls would accept your invitation.
b) People always admire this picture. h) He is showing the pictures.
This picture __________________ always ____________ i) They will climb that mountain.
c) He hurt his leg in an accident. j) We heard a beautiful song.
His leg _________________ in an accident.
d) Someone has invited you to lunch tomorrow. REPORTED SPEECH
You _________________ to lunch tomorrow.
e) We will discuss the matter tomorrow. Reported speech é usado para relatar aquilo
The matter _____________ by us tomorrow. que alguma pessoa falou, não utilixando necessariamente suas
palavras.
02) Put the sentences into the passive voice. Observe os exemplos:
a) Beethoven composed this piece. Fred said, “ I work on Saturdays”. → Direct speech
b) The girls had answered all the questions when I arrived. (discurso direto)
c) We have written two letters since this morning. fred said that he worked on Saturdays → Reported speech
d) They are building a new airport there. (discurso indireto)
03) Put the sentences into the passive voice. Como podemos observar, somos obrigados
a) Someone took my pen from the table. a modificar os tempos verbais e, às vezes, os advérbios de
b) They will build a new hospetal here. tempo. Veja outros exemplos no quadro a seguir:
c) People should preserve nature. Verbo Advérbio
d) Somebody is painting that house. Direct
Direct
e) They closed the roads last night. Reported
Exemplos Reported
Speech
Speech speech
04) Supply the correct form of the verbs in the passive voice. speech
a) Jonathan raises cows and pigs. She said, “l have to
Cows and pigs __________________ by Jonathan. study today” she Simple Simple Today that
b) Janice received two letters yesterday. said that she had to Present past day
Two letters __________________ by Janice yesterday. study that day.
c) Mr. Hill will explain the Greek mythology. Jack said, “I
The Greek mythology _____________ by Mr. Hill. worked 5 hours Yesterday the
d) They are showing the pictures. yesterday”. Jack Simple Past day
They pictures _______________ by them. said that he had Past perfect
e) Bob Was studying the Laws of Mendel. worked 5 hours the Before
The Laws of Mendel _________________ by Bob. day before.
Bill said, “ I will Simple The
travel tomorrow”. next
05) Put these sentences into the passive voice.
38 Inglês
Bill said that he Conditional Tomorrow She says(that) she is tired They will say(that) they are
would travel the Future late.
next day. day
They said, “We are 2) Interrogativas
working now” Present a) Iniciadas por palavras interrogatives ( who, whose, wich.
They said that they Past Now Etc)
were working then. Continuous then • o verbo say passa para ask;
continuous • a frase passa para a forma afirmativa;
He said, “Jane was • não se usa that.
reading 5 minutes He said, “Where is she going?
ago”. He said that Past asked where is she going.
Jane had been Past Perfect … ago He said to me, “ What do you want?
reading 5 minutes …before He asked me what I wanted.
before. Continuous
b) Não iniciadas por palavras interrogativas:
I said, “ I will be • o verbo say passa para ask;
traveling next • a frase passa a forma afirmativa;
week”. I said that l • introduz-se if.
would be traveling Future Nest… the He said, “Will they help you?”
the following week. Conditional He said, “Is anyone there?”
continuous Followins… He asked if they would help me.
continuous He asked if anyone was there.
Jim said “ I have
lived here since last 3) Imperativo
year”. Jim said that Present Past Last… Ao passarmos uma sentença no imperativo do direct para o
he had lived there Perfect the…before indirect speech:
since the year Perfect Here there • o verbo say muda para tell, ask, order etc.;
before • o imperativo passa para infinitivo com to;
Alice said, “I witt • o imperativo negativo passa para not + infinitivo com to;
have finishe my • a pessoa a quem a ordem é dada vem logo após o verbo
work the day after Future The day introdutório.
tomorrow”. Alice conditional two He said, “Close the window, Tom”.
said that she would perfect After He asked Tom to close the window.
have finished her perfect days
work two days Tomorrow She said, “Don’t open the door”
later. later She told me not to open the door.
4) Say e tell
Notas: a) Say é usado quando:
1) Quando o verbo da oração introdutória estiver no presente• não houver objetivo indireto;
simples, no presente perfeito ou no futuro simples, nao haverá
• houver objeto indireto precedido de to.
mudanças nos tempos verbais do reported speech.
John said that he was late.
She says, “ I am tired” They will say, “We are late”
39 Inglês
Jonh said to Mary, “ Let’s dance.” B) The direct speech of the sentence “ Jane asked Paul whether
he wanted to go to the matinee too” is:
b) Tell é usado quando houver objeto indireto nao precedido a) Jane to Paul, “I have never gone to the matinee too.”
de to. b) Jane to Paul, “Where are you going today?”
Jonh told Mary that he was late. c) Jane to Paul, “Do you want to go to the matinee, too?”
d) Jane to Paul, “When are you going to the matinee?”
EXERCÍCIOS C)The teacher said, “Most students will succeed in their
examination.”
01) change the following sentences from direct to indirect a) The teacher answered that most students succeed in their
speech. examination.
a) I asked the man, “ How much does it cost?” b) The teacher told that most students succeed in their
b) Mary said to me, “ Are you going to eat in the restaurant?” examination.
c) He said, “What time is it?” c) The teacher said that most students would succeed in their
d) He said, “Have you seen him anywhere?” examination.
e) I said to Jane, “Where are you going?” d) The teacher says that most students will succeed in their
examination.
02) Change the following sentences from direct to indirect D) “Have you bought a house? Will you marry Peter?”, he
speech. asked.
a) John said to me, “Wait for me”. a) He asked me if l would buy a house and if l would marry
b) He told me, “Thy to come on time.” Peter.
c) The teacher said to me, “Don’t talk so much.” b) He asked me if l have bought a house and if l would marry
d) She told her husband, “Bring some bread.” Peter.
e) I said to him, “Don’t go by bus?”. c) He asked me if had bougt a house and if l would marry
Peter.
03) Supply say or tell in the simple past. d) He asked me if l had bougth a house and if will marry Peter.
a) Peter _______________Jane that he loved her. E) He said, “ When did you arrive?”
b) He ______________ me to help them. a) He asked me when l had arrived.
c) He _______________ , “Where is Linda?” b) He asked me when l did arrived.
d) Patty ______________ to us, “Don’t interrupt me”. c) He said me when l had arrived.
e)The people ___________ that the lecture was very d) He asked me when l have arrived.
interesting. F) The movies is ____________ good, but it’s _______ late to
go now.
04) Choose the correct alternative. a) very – very b) too – very
A) Mother to her son “Play with your toys, but don’t break c) very – too d) too – too
them” in the reported speech becomes: G) Escolha a alternativa correta que tenha o mesmo
a) The mother told her son to play with his toys, but not to significado da frase: “ I had my shoes claned.”
break them. a) I had clened my shoes.
b) The mother told her son to played with his toys, but didn’t b) I cleaned my shoes.
break them. c) I asked someone to clean my shoes for me.
c) The mother told to her son to play with your toys, but don’t d) I asked someone to clean me.
break them. H) Mary said, “ I have been writing this article since last
d) The mother told her son to played with your toys, but don’t week.”
break them.
40 Inglês
a) Mary said that she has been written that article sonce last
week.”
b) Mary said that she was writing that article since the week
before the last .”
c) Mary said that she had been writing that article since the
week before.
d) Mary said that l have been writing this article since last
week.
l) We have shared ____________ happy moments together.
a) a lot b)much c) any d) many
J) Don’t put too ____________sugar in my coffee.
a) more b) much c) few d) many
05) Change the following sentences from direct to indirect

speech.
a) He asked me. “Are you enjoying yourself?”
b) Mother said, “ I’ve just finished your dinner.”
c) She said to me, “ Can you hear a noise?”
d) He said, “ I’ll be here at noon.”
e) She said to me, “How do you know that?”
f) The man said, “The telephone is out of order.”
g) Mary said to John, “I cannot go to the movies with you.”
h) She said to me, “Drive slowly.”
i) Peter said, “I have convinced her.”
j) She said, “ The lights have gone out.”
06) Put these sentences into the Indirect Speech. Introduce

them using told in sentences 1 to 4 and He said in sentences 5
to 8.
1) John said to Mary, “ I hate you”.
2) I said to the porter, “ I am Mr. Spencer.”
3) He said to Jone, “ I am always here on Fridays.”
4) I said to the boy, “ Leave the room now.”
5) “I must go to the library before it closes.”
6) “Nobody could paint a picture as well as you.”
7) “You should leave the contry at once.”
8) “You ought to visit her tomorrow.”

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Pessoais Possessivos • Adjetivo: Sally has lost her book.

One must not forget to do one’s homework.

Obs: Quando o sujeito for um pronome indefinido, a

• Relfexivo enfatico – Enfatiza o sujeito ou o objeto da

She talked to the king himsef. (ênfase no objeto)

He lives by himself. i) Sit in front of Suzy.

a) I see Mary and Jill in the park every mornig.

a) ourselves b) itself c) themselves

04) Supply the correct reflexive pronoum.

a) Susan drinks too much. She is destroying ________ .

b) Karen and Tom walked in the park by ____________ .

Train is leaving at’3 o’clock, but is leaving

h) He has to make that decision by The cats are sleeping in house.

We are waiting for letter. VERBO TO BE – PRESENTE

07) Suply the correct possesive.

a) his – our b) their – yours

c) her – our d) her – ours EXERCÍCIOS

01) Supply there is or there are. Regra geral

3) Pode expressar ações futuras. Geralmente usado

EXERCÍCIOS They work

d) Is your bus (leave) in the morning? es.

What’s the secretary doing? (type a letter) y por – ies.

She’s typing a letter.

04) Check the correct alternative.

EXERCÍCIOS Will + VERBO

Verbo terminado em a) Will be studing

• Present continuous: He is leaving tomorrow. g) I________(represent) my company in the conference

EXERCÍCIOS i) What_______you______(do) after class.

01) Chek the correct alternative.

B) Tomorrow at 7 o’clock l _________ tennis.

Nota: E) I could tell she was sad because she _________.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Since (desde)

I have worked with her. ( Eu trabalhei com ela. / Eu Uso:

02) Supply alread or yet.

c) Jane lost the book Paul________(give) to her.

EXERCÍCIOS 03) Underline the correct form of the verbs in parenteses.

b) Ela gosta de trabalhar de manhã Mention Permit

We talked about ___________ to the park, but Judy kept understand

___________ Nota: He stopped to talk. (Ele parou para conversar.)

seguidos de gerundio ou de infinitivo sem to. r) It is easy _____________ (sing).

They watched the birds fly. 02) Use gerund or infinitive:

infinitivo com to: ten.

• Advérbios de modo + lugar + tempo – no final

They speak slowly • Advérbios de lugar + modo + tempo (com verbos

• Muitos advérbios são formados acrescentando- • Advérbios do mesmo tipo ( tempo/lugar) - a

less... than (menos...que) Ortografia

• Of inferiority 1) Palavras terminadas em –e recebem apenas –r e –st.

• Of superiority – two or more syllable words big – bigger – biggest

the most... (o/a mais...) 3) Palavras terminadas em consoante + y trocam o Y por i ao

This is the most expensive car in town. receber –er e –est.

Comparative and superlative of superiority – one or Heavy – heavier – heaviest

two syllable works

Construções especiais ful, -ous, -re, -ing, -ed.

1) It is getting colder and colder.(cada ver mais frio). more/most hopeful

cara) more/most surprised

Simple conditional WOULD + verbo

WOULDNT (WOULD + NOT)

interrogativas afirmativas negativas com No: nenhum, nenhuma. – É

Notas: Observe os exemplos:

I don’t want any apples.

INDEFINIDOS COMPOSTOS São usados em frases afirmativas ou em perguntas em que se

Os indefinidos compostos de some, any e no seguem as

EXERCÍCIOS i) What_you(do) after class.