Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
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Maringá
2011
JOCILENE CRISTINA EVANGELISTA BAGATELI
Maringá
2011
Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP)
(Biblioteca Central - UEM, Maringá – PR., Brasil)
Bagateli, Jocilene Critina Evangelista
B144e Eficácia ex vivo de uma medicação intracanal à
base de própolis na desinfecção de túbulos
dentinários e na contenção de infiltração microbiana
/ Jocilene Cristina Evangelista Bagateli. --
Maringá, 2011.
52 f. : il. color., figs., tabs.
Aos meus pais, José e Lídia, por me apoiarem incondicionalmente, pelo incentivo e
afeto que tornaram mais fácil e agradável minha caminhada.
Ao meu namorado, Márcio, pelo amor, paciência e compreensão. Por estar ao meu
lado em todos os momentos, sempre contribuindo para a realização do meu
trabalho, oferecendo desde uma simples companhia a até auxílio nas etapas
laboratoriais.
À Profa. Dra. Lourdes Botelho Garcia e ao Prof. Dr. Fausto Rodrigo Victorino, pela
leitura criteriosa e por todas as sugestões no exame de qualificação. Ao Fausto,
ainda, agradeço toda a ajuda durante a realização do trabalho e pela disponibilidade
sempre que foi necessário.
À Profa. Dra. Selma Lucy Franco, pela disponibilidade da própolis e por todos os
ensinamentos.
Aos pacientes, que gentilmente doaram seus dentes extraídos, tornando possível a
realização deste trabalho.
Aos funcionários do DOD e COD, pelo auxílio durante todos esses anos,
especialmente à secretária Sônia, por atender prontamente minhas necessidades.
Às professoras, pós-graduandas e funcionários do Laboratório de Micologia Médica,
por ajudarem gentilmente em cada momento de dificuldade.
Ao Prof. Dr. Emílio Augusto Coelho Barros, pela análise estatística e orientação nos
dados.
Guimarães Rosa
RESUMO
DO Densidade Óptica
h Hora
K Tipo Kerr
mL Mililitro
mm Milímetro
N Distribuição normal
n Tamanho da amostra
n° Número
nm Nanômetro
pH Pressão Hidrogeniônica
% Porcentagem
< Menor
®
Marca registrada de produto ou de empresa
°C Graus Celsius
µL Microlitro
µm Micrometro
SUMÁRIO
1 CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO......................................................................... 17
2 ARTIGO.................................................................................................. 21
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...................................................... 37
ANEXO A – Normas para a publicação de artigos no Journal of
Endodontics (JOE).................................................................................. 41
ANEXO B – Parecer do Comitê Permanente de Ética em Pesquisa
Envolvendo Seres Humanos da UEM.................................................... 45
APÊNDICE A – Densidade óptica e contagem das unidades
formadoras de colônia dos espécimes tratados com própolis, Calen ® e
soro fisiológico, durante 7 e 15 dias....................................................... 46
APÊNDICE B – Descrição da variável DO em relação à medicação,
ao tempo de tratamento e à profundidade de dentina coletada............. 48
APÊNDICE C – Significância dos parâmetros do Modelo Linear de
Efeitos Mistos......................................................................................... 49
APÊNDICE D – Pós-teste de Contraste utilizado para comparar as
covariáveis significativas, conforme a diferença evidenciada pelo
Modelo Linear de Efeitos Mistos............................................................. 50
APÊNDICE E – Valores das repetições e médias dos brancos obtidos
para cada medicação intracanal testada, nos respectivos tempos de
tratamento............................................................................................... 51
APÊNDICE F – Momento de contaminação (turvação) dos espécimes
tratados com própolis, Calen® ou soro fisiológico durante os períodos
de 7 e 15 dias, após incubação a 37°C por até 96h............................... 52
17
1 CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO
2 ARTIGO
# †
Dos Departamentos de *Odontologia, Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina e Farmácia, da Universidade
Estadual de Maringá, Maringá; **Endodontia, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Bauru;
##
Odontologia, do Centro Universitário de Maringá, Maringá, Brasil.
22
Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, ex vivo, a eficácia de uma
medicação intracanal na forma de pasta à base de própolis na desinfecção de
túbulos dentinários bovinos e na contenção de infiltração microbiana através dos
canais radiculares de dentes humanos extraídos.
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
1% e limpeza final com EDTA 17%. Todos os dentes tiveram suas coroas cortadas
de modo que os remanescentes radiculares passassem a apresentar o mesmo
comprimento (Figura 2A). As pastas à base de própolis e de hidróxido de cálcio
foram inseridas e tomadas radiográficas foram realizadas para confirmar o
preenchimento completo dos canais radiculares.
RESULTADOS
A B 1,4
C
1,2 1,2
Densidade Óptica (530nm)
1 1 1,2
*
* 1
0,8 0,8
0,8
0,6 0,6
0,6
0,4 0,4 0,4
0,2 0,2 0,2
0 0 0
Medicações 7/15 dias 400µm/600µm
FIGURA 3. Média das densidades ópticas dos espécimes após 24h de incubação.
A: Com as medicações avaliadas. B: Com as medicações mantidas durante 7 e 15
dias. C: Com as medicações nas profundidades de 400µm e 600µm, coletadas por
brocas #5 e #6. Modelo Linear de Efeitos Mistos e Teste de Contraste. *Diferença
estatisticamente significante (p<5%) em relação ao soro fisiológico.
®
Tempo Própolis Calen Sem Medicação
decorrido (n = 18) (n = 18) (n = 18)
(dias)
C.a. P.a. E.f. C.a. P.a. E.f. C.a. P.a. E.f.
1a5 1 1 4 5 4
6 a 10 3 2 2 3 1 1 2
11 a 15 1 1
16 a 20 1
21 a 25 2
26 a 30 1
31 a 35
36 a 40
41 a 45
46 a 50
51 a 55
56 a 60
Total/m.o. 0 4 2 3 4 4 6 6 6
com E. faecalis (Figura 4C), 2 dentes sofreram infiltração entre o 6º e o 10º dia
perante o tratamento com a pasta experimental. Os espécimes tratados com Calen®
ou mantidos sem medicação foram infiltrados pelos micro-organismos entre o 1º e o
10º dia, respectivamente para 4 e 6 dentes.
A
6
0
1 a 5 6 a 10 11 a 15 16 a 20 21 a 25 26 a 30 31 a 35 36 a 4041 a 45 46 a 50 51 a 55 56 a 60
6
B
Quantidade de Infiltrações
0
1 a 5 6 a 10 11 a 15 16 a 20 21 a 25 26 a 30 31 a 35 36 a 4041 a 45 46 a 50 51 a 55 56 a 60
6
C
5
0
1 a 5 6 a 10 11 a 15 16 a 20 21 a 25 26 a 30 31 a 35 36 a 4041 a 45 46 a 50 51 a 55 56 a 60
Tempo (dias)
DISCUSSÃO
clínica, mas, sem a posterior aplicação do hipoclorito de sódio, igualmente para que
não interferisse nos resultados.
CONCLUSÃO
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extratos de própolis sob diferentes condições e avaliação de sua atividade
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Gomes BPFA. Antimicrobial effect of propolis and other substances against
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27. Casaroto AR, Hidalgo MM, Sell AM, Franco SL, Cuman RKN, Moreschi E,
Victorino FR, Steffens VA, Bersani-Amado CA. Study of the effectiveness of
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29. Estrela C. Metodologia científica. 2. ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas, 2005.
32. Vargas AC, Loguercio AP, Witt NM. Atividade antimicrobiana “in vitro” de
extrato alcóolico de própolis. Ciência Rural 2004;34:159-163.
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149.
37
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
BURDOCK, G.A. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis
(propolis). Food Chem. Toxicol., n.36, p.347-363, 1998.
CASAROTO, A.R.; HIDALGO, M.M.; SELL, A.M.; FRANCO, S.L.; CUMAN, R.K.N.;
MORESCHI, E.; VICTORINO, F.R.; STEFFENS, V.A.; BERSANI-AMADO, C.A.
Study of the effectiveness of propolis extract as a storage medium for avulsed
teeth. Dental Traumatol., v.26, n.1, p.323-331, 2010.
CHONG, B.S.; FORD, T.R.P. The role of intracanal medication in root canal
treatment. Int. Endod. J., v.25, n.2, p.97-106, 1992.
DOBROWOLSKI, J.W.; VOHORA, S.B.; SHARMA, K.; SHAH, S.A.; NAQVI, S.A.H.;
DANDIYA, P.C. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiamoebic, anti-inflammatory and
antipyretic studies on propolis bee products. J. Ethnopharmacol., v.35, n.1, p.77-
82, 1991.
GOMES, B.P.F.A.; SOUZA, S.F.C.; FERRAZ, C.C.R.; TEIXEIRA, F.B.; ZAIA, A.A.;
VALDRIGHI, L.; SOUZA-FILHO, F.J. Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine gel and
calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentine in vitro.
Int. Endod. J., v.36, n.4, p.267-275, 2003.
JUNG, I.Y.; SEO, M.A.; FOUAD, A.F.; SPANGBERG, L.S.W.; LEE, S.J.; KIM, H.J.;
KUM, K.Y. Apical anatomy in mesial and mesiobuccal roots of permanent first
molars. J. Endod., v.31, n.5, p.364-368, 2005.
LEE, Y.; HAN, S.H.; HONG, S.H.; LEE, J.K.; JI, H.; KUM, K.Y. Antimicrobial efficacy
of a polymeric chlorhexidine release device using in vitro model of Enteroccus
faecalis dentinal tubule infection. J. Endod., v.34, n.7, p.855-8, 2008.
LONGHINI, R.; RAKSA, S.M.; OLIVEIRA, A.C.P.; SVIDZINSKI, T.I.E.; FRANCO, S.L.
Obtenção de extratos de própolis sob diferentes condições e avaliação de sua
atividade antifúngica. Rev. Bras. Farmacog., v.17, n.3, p.388-395, 2007.
LOPES, P.L.; SIQUEIRA JR, J.F. Endodontia. Biologia e técnica. Rio de Janeiro:
Medsi, 2004.
MOLANDER, A.; REIT, C.; DAHLÉN, G.; KVIST, T. Microbiological status of root-
filled teeth with apical periodontitis. Int. Endod. J., v.31, n.1, p.1-7,1998.
SIQUEIRA JR, J.F.; RÔÇAS, I.N.; OLIVEIRA, J.C.M.; SANTOS, K.R.N. Detection of
putative oral pathogens in acute periradicular abscesses by 16S rDNA-directed
polymerase chain reaction. J. Endod, v.27, n.3, p.164-167, 2001.
VICTORINO, F.R.; BRAMANTE, C.M.; WATANABE, E.; ITO, I.Y.; FRANCO, S.L.;
HIDALGO, M.M. Antibacterial activity of propolis-based toothpastes for
endodontic treatment. Braz. J. Pharmac. Sci., v.45, n.4, p.795-800, 2009.
ANEXO A
The JOE publishes original and review articles related to the scientific and applied aspects of
endodontics. Moreover, the JOE has a diverse readership that includes full-time clinicians, full-time
academicians, residents, students and scientists. Effective communication with this diverse readership
requires careful attention to writing style.
a. The paragraph is the ideal unit of organization. Paragraphs typically start with an introductory
sentence that is followed by sentences that describe additional detail or examples. The last sentence
of the paragraph provides conclusions and forms a transition to the next paragraph. Common
problems include one-sentence paragraphs, sentences that do not develop the theme of the
paragraph (see also section “c”, below), or sentences with little to no transition within a paragraph.
b. Keep to the point. The subject of the sentence should support the subject of the paragraph. For
example, the introduction of authors’ names in a sentence changes the subject and lengthens the text.
In a paragraph on sodium hypochlorite, the sentence, “In 1983, Langeland et al., reported that sodium
hypochlorite acts as a lubricating factor during instrumentation and helps to flush debris from the root
canals” can be edited to: “Sodium hypochlorite acts as a lubricant during instrumentation and as a
vehicle for flushing the generated debris (Langeland et al., 1983)”. In this example, the paragraph’s
subject is sodium hypochlorite and sentences should focus on this subject.
c. Sentences are stronger when written in the active voice, i.e., the subject performs the action.
Passive sentences are identified by the use of passive verbs such as “was,” “were,” “could,” etc. For
example: “Dexamethasone was found in this study to be a factor that was associated with reduced
inflammation”, can be edited to: “Our results demonstrated that dexamethasone reduced
inflammation”. Sentences written in a direct and active voice are generally more powerful and shorter
than sentences written in the passive voice.
d. Reduce verbiage. Short sentences are easier to understand. The inclusion of unnecessary words is
often associated with the use of a passive voice, a lack of focus or run-on sentences. This is not to
imply that all sentences need be short or even the same length. Indeed, variation in sentence structure
and length often helps to maintain reader interest. However, make all words count. A more formal way
of stating this point is that the use of subordinate clauses adds variety and information when
constructing a paragraph. (This section was written deliberately with sentences of varying length to
illustrate this point.)
e. Use parallel construction to express related ideas. For example, the sentence, “Formerly,
Endodontics was taught by hand instrumentation, while now rotary instrumentation is the common
method”, can be edited to “Formerly, Endodontics was taught using hand instrumentation; now it is
commonly taught using rotary instrumentation”. The use of parallel construction in sentences simply
means that similar ideas are expressed in similar ways, and this helps the reader recognize that the
ideas are related.
f. Keep modifying phrases close to the word that they modify. This is a common problem in complex
sentences that may confuse the reader. For example, the statement, “Accordingly, when conclusions
42
are drawn from the results of this study, caution must be used”, can be edited to “Caution must be
used when conclusions are drawn from the results of this study”.
g. To summarize these points, effective sentences are clear and precise, and often are short, simple
and focused on one key point that supports the paragraph’s theme.
a. Please Note: Starting in 2009, all abstracts should be organized into sections that start with a
one-word title (in bold), i.e., Introduction, Methods, Results, Conclusions, etc., and should not
exceed more than 250 words in length.
b. Title Page: The title should describe the major conclusion of the paper. It should be as short
as possible without loss of clarity. Remember that the title is your advertising billboard – it
represents your major opportunity to solicit readers to spend the time to read your paper. It is
best not to use abbreviations in the title since this may lead to imprecise coding by electronic
citation programs such as PubMed (e.g., use “sodium hypochlorite” rather than NaOCl). The
author list must conform to published standards on authorship (see authorship criteria in the
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals at www.icmje.org).
c. Abstract: The abstract should concisely describe the purpose of the study, the hypothesis,
methods, major findings and conclusions. The abstract should describe the new contributions
made by this study. The word limitations (250 words) and the wide distribution of the abstract
(e.g., PubMed) make this section challenging to write clearly. This section often is written last
by many authors since they can draw on the rest of the manuscript. Write the abstract in past
tense since the study has been completed. Three to ten keywords should be listed below the
abstract.
d. Introduction: The introduction should briefly review the pertinent literature in order to identify
the gap in knowledge that the study is intended to address. The purpose of the study, the
tested hypothesis and its scope should be described. Authors should realize that this section
of the paper is their primary opportunity to establish communication with the diverse
readership of the JOE. Readers who are not expert in the topic of the manuscript are likely to
skip the paper if the introduction fails to provide sufficient detail. However, many successful
manuscripts require no more than a few paragraphs to accomplish these goals.
e. Material and Methods: The objective of the methods section is to permit other investigators
to repeat your experiments. The three components to this section are the experimental design,
the procedures employed, and the statistical tests used to analyze the results. The vast
majority of manuscripts should cite prior studies using similar methods and succinctly describe
the particular aspects used in the present study. The inclusion of a “methods figure” will be
rejected unless the procedure is novel and requires an illustration for comprehension. If the
method is novel, then the authors should carefully describe the method and include validation
experiments. If the study utilized a commercial product, the manuscript should state that they
either followed manufacturer’s protocol or specify any changes made to the protocol. Studies
on humans should conform to the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 and state that the institutional
IRB approved the protocol and that informed consent was obtained. Studies involving animals
should state that the institutional animal care and use committee approved the protocol. The
statistical analysis section should describe which tests were used to analyze which dependent
measures; p-values should be specified. Additional details may include randomization
scheme, stratification (if any), power analysis, drop-outs from clinical trials, etc.
f. Results: Only experimental results are appropriate in this section (i.e., neither methods nor
conclusions should be in this section). Include only those data that are critical for the study. Do
not include all available data without justification, any repetitive findings will be rejected from
publication. All Figs./Charts/Tables should be described in their order of numbering with a brief
description of the major findings.
Figures: There are two general types of figures. The first type of figure includes photographs,
radiographs or micrographs. Include only essential figures, and even if essential, the use of composite
figures containing several panels of photographs is encouraged. For example, most photo-, radio- or
micrographs take up one column-width, or about 185 mm wide X 185 mm tall. If instead, you construct
a two columns-width figure (i.e., about 175 mm wide X 125 mm high when published in the JOE), you
would be able to place about 12 panels of photomicrographs (or radiographs, etc.) as an array of four
columns across and three rows down (with each panel about 40 X 40 mm). This will require some
43
editing on your part given the small size of each panel, you will only be able to illustrate the most
important feature of each photomicrograph. Remember that each panel must be clearly identified with
a letter (e.g., “A”, “B”, etc.), in order for the reader to understand each individual panel. Several nice
examples of composite figures are seen in recent articles by Chang, et al, (JOE 28:90, 2002),
Hayashi, et al, (JOE 28:120, 2002) and by Davis, et al (JOE 28:464, 2002). At the Editor’s discretion,
color figures may be published at no cost to the authors. However, the Editor is limited by a yearly
allowance and this offer does not include printing of reprints.
The second type of figure are graphs (i.e., line drawings) that plot a dependent measure (on the Y
axis) as a function of an independent measure (usually plotted on the X axis). Examples include a
graph depicting pain scores over time, etc. Graphs should be used when the overall trend of the
results are more important than the exact numerical values of the results. For example, a graph is a
convenient way of reporting that an ibuprofen treated group reported less pain than a placebo group
over the first 24 hours, but was the same as the placebo group for the next 96 hours. In this case, the
trend of the results is the primary finding; the actual pain scores are not as critical as the relative
differences between the NSAID and placebo groups.
Tables: Tables are appropriate when it is critical to present exact numerical values. However, not all
results need be placed in either a table or figure. For example, the following table may not necessary:
0.001 5 0
0.003 5 0
0.01 5 0
0.03 5 0
0.1 5 100
0.3 5 100
1 5 100
3 5 100
Instead, the results could simply state that there was no inhibition of growth from 0.001-0.03% NaOCl,
and a 100% inhibition of growth from 0.03-3% NaOCl (N=5/group). Similarly, if the results are not
significant, then it is probably not necessary to include the results in either a table or as a figure.
These and many other suggestions on figure and table construction are described in additional detail
in Day (1998).
f. Discussion: The conclusion section should describe the major findings of the study. Both the
strength and weaknesses of the observations should be discussed. What are the major
conclusions of the study? How does the data support these conclusions? How do these
findings compare to the published literature? What are the clinical implications? Although this
last section might be tentative given the nature of a particular study, the authors should realize
that even preliminary clinical implications might have value for the clinical readership. Ideally,
a review of the potential clinical significance is the last section of the discussion.
g. References: The reference style follows Index Medicus and can be efficiently learned from
reading past issues of the JOE. Citations are placed in parentheses at the end of a sentence
or at the end of a clause that requires a literature citation. Do not use superscript for
references. Original reports are limited to 35 references. There are no limits in the number of
references for review articles.
AvailableResources:
. Strunk W, White EB. The Elements of Style. Allyn& Bacon, 4th ed, 2000, ISBN 020530902X
a. Day R..How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. Oryx Press, 5th ed. 1998. ISBN
1-57356-164-9
b. Woods G. English Grammar for Dummies. Hungry Minds:NY, 2001 (an entertaining
review of grammar)
c. Alley M. The Craft of Scientific Writing. Springer, 3rd edition 1996 SBN 0-387-94766-
3.
d. Alley M. The Craft of Editing. Springer, 2000 SBN 0-387-98964-1.
45
ANEXO B
46
APÊNDICE A
1,227 309 1,188 380 1,289 358 1,303 384 1,262 387 0,977 58
1,292 267 0,557 293 0,569 115 1,282 620 1,195 323 0,972 50
PRÓPOLIS
1,284 215 1,294 411 1,245 232 1,324 534 1,203 323 1,024 156
1,285 280 BC 0 1,169 285 1,357 325 1,016 500 1,125 229
NT NT
Média 1,284 295,66 0,722 249,16 0,718 165 1,313 471,33 0,962 363,83 0,959 117,83
1,254 336 1,200 380 BC 0 1,300 221 1,209 428 0,966 152
1,236** 452**
1,298 320 1,331 351 1,302 346 1,347 302 1,057 231 0,756 92
1,261 311 1,149 171 1,156 204 1,267 594 1,050 231 0,951 32
CALEN®
1,379 339 1,124 171 0,773 102 1,282 234 1,054 428 0,982 152
Média 1,264 316,16 1,202 311,66 0,729 137,5 1,291 302,66 0,898 289,83 0,869 89,83
1,390 264 1,153 329 1,207 339 1,268 206 1,055 434 1,030 329
1,327 482 1,196 358 1,164 280 1,294 364 1,223 323 0,992 96
SORO FISIOLÓGICO
1,268 239 1,178 166 1,070 131 1,282 206 1,268 323 1,137 65
1,333 366 1,187 166 1,188 131 1,316 365 1,338 543 1,050 429
1,364 244 1,143 358 1,005 286 1,365 482 1,106 413 1,006 329
1,351 482 1,198 330 0,806 280 1,283 365 1,278 323 1,037 96
Média 1,338 346,16 1,175 284,50 1,073 241,16 1,301 331,33 1,211 393,16 1,042 224
47
APÊNDICE B
Controle de
200 1,295 0,057 0,003 1,185 1,289 1,390
contaminação
APÊNDICE C
Efeito P-valor
Medicação (βi) 0,0022 *
Tempo de tratamento (αj) 0,5327
Profundidade da dentina coletada (γk) 0,1327
Medicação vs Tempo de tratamento (θij) 0,4331
Medicação vs Profundidade (δik) 0,6112
Tempo de tratamento vs Profundidade (λjk) 0,4604
Medicação vs Tempo vs Profundidade (μijk) 0,2739
*Significante em nível de significância α=5%.
50
APÊNDICE D
APÊNDICE E
Valores das repetições e médias dos brancos obtidos para cada medicação
intracanal testada, nos respectivos tempos de tratamento.
APÊNDICE F
48 1 1
(n = 6)
72
NT 1 2
24 6 6 4 6 5 6
®
48 1 1
(n = 6)
CALEN
72 1
NT
24 6 6 6 6 6 6
48
(n = 6)
SORO
72
NT
NT= espécimes que não turvaram em até 96h de incubação. A profundidade de 200µm
representa o controle de contaminação, antes do tratamento com as medicações intracanal
por 7 ou 15 dias.