Find Your Way

***********************
“Inglês do zero à rotina”

Suffixes
1- Context
2- Suffixes we’ll skip today
3- Suffixes you should know
4- Hunting

1- Context
 Um Sufixo é uma letra ou letras que acrescentamos ao final de
palavras para alterar seu sentido e/ou classe gramatical

Happy + ness = happiness

 Use + less = useless
Want + ed + wanted
Paper + s = papers

 Você lida com sufixos desde o seu primeiro contato com inglês.

-Muitos dos sufixos dessa aula você já viu antes, mesmo que alguns
ainda não façam sentido para você

 Sufixos (e prefixos) estão entre os recursos mais poderosos para

você expandir seu vocabulário!

-Quem entende sufixos (e prefixos) é capaz de traduzir palavras que

nunca viu antes frequentemente!

 Após se familiarizar com os Sufixos (e prefixos) você será capaz de

inventar palavras!

-Nativos fazem isso o tempo todo! Não é gramaticalmente

“correto”, mas é um sinal de compreensão da língua que todos
entendem facilmente

2- Suffixes we’ll skip today

  O assunto Sufixos inclui muitas terminações que você já conhece:

Suffix Function Class(es)

s/es Indicar plural Plurais (Módulo Básico)
s Afirmativas no Aula 6 do Desafio 100 Dias de Inglês
presente na 3ª pessoa
ing Diversas funções -Aulas 8, 10 e 25 do Desafio 100 dias
de inglês
-Usos do ING (parte 1) (Módulo
Intermediário)
-Usos do ING (parte 2) (Módulo
Intermediário)
ed Indicar passado Aula 12 do Desafio 100 Dias de Inglês
er/ier Fazer comparações Comparisons (Módulo Intermediário)
est Indicar superlativos Superlatives (Módulo Intermediário)

  Para entender os sufixos acima, assista às aulas relacionadas

-É possível que algumas dessas aulas ainda não tenham sido

gravadas, mas todas elas estão no planejamento

3- Suffixes you should know

 -able, -ible: both used to form adjectives meaning
“possible, capable of, suitable for, or causing.”

likeable, debatable, incredible, invincible, horrible,

 adorable, durable, believable, noticeable

 -al, -ial: gives the general sense “of the kind of, having the
form or character of, relating to”

approval, arrival, dismissal, substantial, residential,

superficial, presidential

 -en: used to turn adjectives or nouns into verbs

brighten, shorten, strengthen, darken, deepen, toughen,

widen

 -en: used to turn nouns into adjectives that indicate

source or material

golden, wooden, woolen

 -er, -or, -ess: used to describe a person or thing that does

or provides an action

writer, teacher, driver, orator, doctor, connector, adaptor,

calculator, actor, actress, hostess, heiress, princess

 -ful: it means “full of, characterized by, tending to, able to,
as much as will fill”

useful, beautiful, hopeful, disgraceful, shameful, careful,

thoughtful, harmful, spoonful, roomful, helpful
 -ic, -ical: both form adjectives meaning “of, resembling,
characterized by, or relating to”

athletic, occasional, enthusiastic, democratic, critical,

mechanical

 -ion: denotes action or condition, they turn adjectives and

verbs into nouns

communion, union, opinion, creation, fusion, notion,

confusion, perfection, invention, possession

 -ive: turns nouns and verbs into adjectives. It adds the

meaning “tending to” or “doing” or “being.”
*Often an adjective that ends in -ive comes to be used also as a noun.

excessive, supportive, reflective, defensive, massive,

extensive, narrative, retrospective

 -less: it turns nouns into adjectives with the meaning of

“without” or verbs into adjectives with the meaning of
“failure or inability to perform or be performed”
 childless, useless, endless, careless, fearless, helpless,
homeless, colorless, resistless, tireless

 -ness: it turns adjectives into nouns that indicate "state,

condition, quality"

redness, happiness, sadness, bitterness, brightness,

friendliness, self-awareness, business

 -ous: it turns nouns and verbs into adjectives with the

meaning “full of'

dangerous, adventurous, mysterious, humorous,

venomous, envious, famous, poisonous

 -ment: it turns verbs into nouns with the meaning “the act
of doing something or the result of an action”.

commitment, achievement, punishment, excitement,

payment, agreement, improvement

 -ly: it turns adjectives into adverbs or nouns into

adjectives
*An adverb describes how an action is done, adding information to the verb.

slowly, happily, quickly, lovely, terribly, ironically,

necessarily, daily
 -y: it turns verbs and nouns into adjectives meaning
“characterized by or inclined to”

noisy, nosy, tacky, sleepy, cheesy, tricky, peppery, sticky,

juicy, dreamy, sulky, slippery

 -dom: it’s used to form nouns which refer to “domain,

collection of persons, rank or station or general condition”

kingdom, officialdom, earldom, freedom, boredom,

martyrdom, chiefdom, wisdom

 -ee: it’s used to describe the person or thing that receives

the action

employee, trainee, amputee, nominee, interviewee

 -hood: it’s used to form nouns that indicate “state,

condition, character, nature, body of persons of a particular
character or class”

childhood, neighborhood, priesthood, adulthood,

manhood, womanhood, motherhood, brotherhood,
 sisterhood

 -ism: it’s used to form nouns that represent “a specific

practice, system, or philosophy”

pacifism, capitalism, feminism, socialism, narcissism,

cynicism, altruism, euphemism

 -ty: it turns adjectives into nouns that “name or refer to a

state or condition”

cruelty, difficulty, royalty, personality, puberty, subtlety

 -ry: it’s used to form nouns that refer to “things/people in

a collection, an occupation, the place where an activity
takes place”

greenery, machinery, peasanty, bakery, winery, archery

 -ship: it’s used to form nouns to indicate a “state of being,

a position or skill.”

friendship, scholarship, marksmanship, professorship,

 horsemanship

 Duas informações importantes:

1- esses NÃO SÃO TODOS os sufixos.

2- não surte tentando decorar tudo! As Verdades #1 e #4 vão te

ensinar TODOS com o tempo

4- Hunting

 Tire 5 dias para focar em Caçadas de Sufixos

-Anote 5 frases por dia que tenham palavras com Sufixos

(Total: 25 frases em 5 dias seguidos de Caçada)

-Não valem os Sufixos da Parte 2 dessa aula

-Não vale repetir sufixos no mesmo dia