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Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo
Serviço Técnico de Biblioteca e Documentação – UNESP – Campus de Marília

Rosa, Vanderley Flor da.


R788p Políticas publicas educacionais, direitos sociais e
democratização do acesso à escola : uma visão à partir da
implantação da Ação TECNEP na Rede Federal de
Educação Tecnológica / Vanderley Flor da Rosa. –
Marília, 2011
137 f. ; 30 cm.

Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Estadual


Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2011

Bibliografia: f. 123-129
Orientador: Neusa Maria Dal Ri

Educação inclusiva. 2. Políticas públicas


educacionais. 3. Educação profissional inclusiva.
4. TECNEP. I. Autor. II. Título.

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130

APÊNDICES

APÊNDICE I – Questionário submetido aos Coordenadores dos NAPNEs

Nome: __________________________________________________________
Instituição: ______________________________________________________
Cargo:__________________________________________________________
Função no TECNEP: _____________________________________________

Questionários para Gestores do TECNEP no Brasil

1- Houve (ou há) problemas para a implantação e consolidação do TECNEP na sua


jurisdição? Quais?

2- Os PNEs têm participado do processo de elaboração dos diversos planejamentos para as


ações TECNEP?

3- Em sua jurisdição são cumpridas as leis e normativas relativas a:


a) quotas para alunos (a política de sua instituição prevê o uso de quotas?),
b) quotas para servidores (percentual de 1% a 5%, de acordo com o número de
servidores),
c) acessibilidade física estrutural,
d) profissionais capacitados para atendimento,
e) recurso didáticos,
f) outras.

4- Se não são cumpridas, qual a razão do não cumprimento? O que seria necessário para o
cumprimento?

5- Existe forma diferenciada para acesso de PNEs aos cursos regulares ofertados? Quais?
Qual seria a forma ideal de seleção?
131

6- As instituições de sua jurisdição utilizam o SISU (Sistema de 6HOHomR8QLILFDGD) como


forma de seleção? Se sim, a utilização do ENEM beneficiou ou prejudicou acesso dos
PNEs? Comente.

7- A implantação e consolidação da Ação TECNEP em sua jurisdição pode colaborar para um


processo de democratização do acesso à educação? Comente.

8- Qual a importância da Ação TECNEP para a educação Inclusiva ?

9- De uma maneira geral, os PNEs que passaram pelo TECNEP conseguem ascensão na
carreira acadêmica e profissional? (se for possível responder)

10- Na sua visão, qual o futuro (evoluções, mudanças, riscos, ou outras) do TECNEP na sua
jurisdição e na Rede Federal de Educação Tecnológica, a médio e longo prazo?

11- Outras observações que julgar importante.


132

APÊNDICE II – Questionário submetido aos Gestores do TECNEP

Nome: __________________________________________________________
Instituição: ______________________________________________________
Cargo:__________________________________________________________
Função no TECNEP: _____________________________________________

Questionários para Gestores do TECNEP no Brasil

1- Houve (ou há) problemas para a implantação e consolidação do TECNEP na sua


jurisdição? Quais?

2- Os PNEs têm participado do processo de elaboração dos diversos planejamentos para as


ações TECNEP?

3- Em sua jurisdição são cumpridas as leis e normativas relativas a:


a) quotas para alunos (a política de sua instituição prevê o uso de quotas?),
b) quotas para servidores (percentual de 1% a 5%, de acordo com o número de
servidores),
c) acessibilidade física estrutural,
d) profissionais capacitados para atendimento,
e) recurso didáticos,
f) outras.

4- Se não são cumpridas, qual a razão do não cumprimento? O que seria necessário para o
cumprimento?

5- Existe forma diferenciada para acesso de PNEs aos cursos regulares ofertados? Quais?
Qual seria a forma ideal de seleção?

6- As instituições de sua jurisdição utilizam o SISU (Sistema de 6HOHomR8QLILFDGD) como


forma de seleção? Se sim, a utilização do ENEM beneficiou ou prejudicou acesso dos
PNEs? Comente.
133

7- A implantação e consolidação da Ação TECNEP em sua jurisdição pode colaborar para um


processo de democratização do acesso à educação? Comente.

8- Qual a importância da Ação TECNEP para a educação Inclusiva ?

9- De uma maneira geral, os PNEs que passaram pelo TECNEP conseguem ascensão na
carreira acadêmica e profissional? (se for possível responder)

10- Na sua visão, qual o futuro (evoluções, mudanças, riscos, ou outras) do TECNEP na sua
jurisdição e na Rede Federal de Educação Tecnológica, a médio e longo prazo?

11- Outras observações que julgar importante.


134

APÊNDICE III – Questionário submetido aos alunos (NPEs)

Nome: (opcional) ________________________________________________________


Instituição: _____________________________________________________________
Tipo de Deficiência: ______________________________________________________

Questionários para Alunos PNEs do TECNEP

1- Qual a importância da Ação TECNEP para a educação Inclusiva ?

2- Os PNEs têm participado do processo de elaboração dos diversos planejamentos para as


ações TECNEP na escola?

3- Você saberia dizer se na escola são cumpridas as leis e normativas relativas a:


a) quotas para alunos (a política de sua instituição prevê o uso de quotas?),
b) quotas para servidores (percentual de 1% a 5%, de acordo com o número de
servidores),
c) acessibilidade física estrutural,
d) profissionais capacitados para atendimento,
e) recurso didáticos,
f) outras.

4- Se não são cumpridas, você saberia listar o que seria necessário para o cumprimento?

5- A escola está preparada para receber alunos DF, DV, DA ou outros ?

6- Existe forma diferenciada para acesso de PNEs aos cursos regulares ofertados pela escola?
Quais? Qual seria a forma ideal de seleção?

7- Se a instituição utiliza o SISU (Sistema de 6HOHomR8QLILFDGD(1(0HWF) como forma


de seleção, esta nova forma de seleção beneficiou ou prejudicou acesso dos PNEs?
Comente.
135

8- A implantação e consolidação da Ação TECNEP pode colaborar para um processo de


democratização do acesso à educação? Comente.

9- Qual a importância da Ação TECNEP para a educação Inclusiva ?

10- De uma maneira geral, os PNEs que tiveram algum atendimento pelo TECNEP,
conseguem ascensão na carreira acadêmica e profissional? (se for possível responder)

11- Outras observações que julgar importante.




136

$1(;26






ANEXO I – Estrutura do Ministério da Educação até 2010





)RQWH5HODWyULRGH*HVWmR6(7(&±
http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php?Itemid=1064&id=14945&option=com_content&view=article




137


ANEXO II – Estrutura da SETEC até 2010




)RQWH5HODWyULRGH*HVWmR6(7(&±
http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php?Itemid=1064&id=14945&option=com_content&view=article




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