S U R N A M E B O O K an d

R A C IA L H IS T O R Y
A C o mp i l ati o n an d A rran g e me n t o f
G e n e al o g i c al an d H i st o ri c al D ata f o r
u se by t h e Stu d en t s an d M e mbe rs
o f t h e R e l i e f So c i e ty o f t h e C h u rc h

of J e su s C h ri st o f L at te r d ay Sai n ts -

P re p ar e d an d P u bli she d u n d er th e Au sp ice s

of th e
G E N E RA L B O A R D O F T H E R E L IE F SO C I E T Y
'

W ith th e Ap p rov al of th e
B O A R D O F T H E G E N E AL O G I C A L
SO C I E T Y O F U TA H

SU SA Y O U N G G A T E S ,

E d i tor an d C omp i l er

PK

SA LT L AK E C TY I
l t Se p tember, 19 18
 THE L IB R ARY

M YO U N G m
u v em
as t
BRl GHA
U TA H
ERO V O .
 P R E FA C E .

T h e s t u d e n t s o f t h e G e n e a l ogi c al Soc i e t y o f U ta h a n d o f th e
Re l i e f S oc i e ty h av e b e e n g re at l y i n n e e d o f a re fe re n c e book fro m
wh i c h t o p re p a re l e s s on s i n t h e s t u d y o f S u rn a m e s Tw o y ea r s

“
.

’
a go t h e G e n e ra l B oa rd o f t h e Re l i e f Soc i e t y p rep a re d a y e a r s
’
c o u r s e i n t h e s t u d y o f S u rn a m e s ex p e c t i n g t o u se B a ri n g G ou l d s
.
-

St o r y o f Fa m i l y N a m e s a s a t e x t b oo k \ V e s oo n e xh a u s te d th e
”
.

e d i t i on a n d n o ot h e r s u rn a m e boo k wa s o n th e m a rk e t A n u m b e r .

h a v e b e e n p ri n t e d b u t a l l a re n o w o u t o f p ri n t so fa r a s i s kn o wn
, ,
.

A s a c on se q u e n c e t h i s bo ok h a s b e e n p re p a re d by a p p o i n t m e n t
.

t h ro ugh th e G e n e ra l B oa rd o f t h e R e l i e f Soc i e t y an d w i l l se rv e i t , ,

i s h op e d a s a fa i rl y c om p l e t e re fe re n c e an d t e xt b o ok fo r o u r s tu d
,

e n t s a n d fri e n d s .

N o o ri gi n a l i ty i s c l a i m e d fo r th e wo rk f ro m th e ge n e ral l i n e o f
b ook s t h u s fa r p u b l i sh e d u n l e s s th e c h o i c e o f ext ra c t s a n d t h e
.

a rra n ge m e n t o f t h e c h ap t e r s m a y p ro v e s om e wh a t u n u s u al T h e .

s u rn a m e b oo k s h e re to fo re p u b l i s h e d p re su p p o s e d o n t h e p a rt o f t h e
s t u d e n t fa m i l i a r a c q u a i n t an c e w i th h i s to r y an d p h i l ol ogy ; w h i l e
m o s t o f t h e m a re p u re l y t e c h n i c al .

O u r a i m h a s b e e n t o b e gi n o u r s t u dy w i t h s o m e ac q ua i n ta n c e
w i t h t h e b ri e f rac i a l a n d h i st o ri c a l i n fo rm at i o n req u i re d by t h e o r
d i n a ry st u d e n t w h o t a k e s u p h i s ge n e a l ogi c a l s t u d i e s i n th e s ub
.

j ec t o f t h e e v ol u t i o n o f s u rn a m e s as w e k n o w t h e m t o d a y E sp e c i al .

l y do w e i n q u i re i n t o t ri b al a n d rac i a l b egi n n i n g s T h e m at t e r gi ve n .

c o n c e rn i n g H i n d u p e d i g re e s an d n a m e c u s to m s fi rs t ap p e a rs h e re .

a n d w i l l b ot h e n l i gh t e n a n d i n te re s t s t u d e n t s o f s u rn a m e b e gi n ,

n ing s .

Q u ot at i on s a re f re e l v m a d e i n t h e s e p a ge s fro m th e h i s to ri a n s
wh o h av e p rep a re d m at e ri al fo r t h e E n c y c l o p e d i a B ri t an n i c a fro m

“
,

M y e r s F i sh e r M c C abe G re e n F re e m a n a n d M a c a u l a y Cop i o u s
, , . , .

ex t rac t s a re t ak e n fro m L o we r Yon ge G u p p y B a rd sl e y an d S

. . . .

B a ri n g G o u l d al so f ro m P ro fe s s o r O J P V Vi d t so e s I n t ro d u c t i on
-
. . . .
’

”
t o th e St u d y o f E n gl i s h S u rn a m e s wh i c h w a s p u b l i s h e d i n t h e
.

Ut ah G e n e al ogi c a l an d H i s to ri c a l M a ga z i n e C re d i t may n o t al .

wa y s be a t ta c h e d t o ea c h l i t tl e ex t rac t b u t w e h e re b y a c kn owl e d ge
.

o u r i n d eb t e d n e s s t o al l o f th e s e n ot e d a u t ho ri t i e s .

T h e i n e v i t ab l e re l i gi o u s t re n d wh i c h i s gi v e n t o a l l sta t e m e n t s
an d st u d i e s by t h e L att e r d ay S a i n t s w h e n e v e r s ta t i n g fa c t s o r
-
,

c o n c l u s io n s n e c e s s a ri l y c ol o rs t h i s c om p i l at i o n a n d a rran ge m e n t o f
.

s u rn a m e st u d i e s W e h a v e n o exc u se s t o o f f e r fo r t h i s b u t re
'
.
,

j o i c e ra th e r i n t h e p ri v i l e ge o f t h u s b e a ri n g a n i n d i re c t t e s t i m on y
t o t h e re v e l a t i on on S al va t i on fo r t h e D e a d wh i c h wa s gi v e n t o .
iv . P R E FA C E .

th e wo rl d t h ro ugh t h e P rop h e t Jo s ep h S m i th T h e e n l i gh t e n e d .

p eop l e o f t h e wo rl d h av e n o v a l i d re a s o n so fa r a s t h e i r o w n k no w ,

l e d ge go e s t o o f fe r i n exp l a n at io n o f t h e a sto n i sh i n g gro wt h a n d

,

d ev e l op m e n t o f i n t e re s t i n al l ge n e al ogi c a l s u b j e c t s T h e p h e n o me .

n o n i s o fte n c o m m e n t e d u p o n by w ri te r s an d s t u d e n t s I t i s m ade .

t h e s u b j e c t o f t i m e l y a n d u n t i m e l y j ok e s i n th e p e rio d i c al s o f t h e
d a y y e t ge n e al o gi c a l so c i e t i e s m u l t ip l y al l ov e r th e c i v i l i z e d wo rl d
, .

I t i s n ot e wo rt h y th at sh o rt l y a ft e r t h e fi r s t b ap t i s m s fo r t h e d e a d
we re p e rfo rm e d i n t h i s d i sp e n sa t io n ( i n t h e N e w E n gl a n d
H i sto ri c an d Ge n e al o gi c al S o c i e t y t h e fi r s t o f i t s k i n d i n t h e mo d ,

e rn wo rl d w a s o rgan i z e d i n B o s ton i n th e a u t u m n o f 1844 M an y

, , .

so c i et i e s h av e sp ru n g up i n t h e S t at e s o f th e U n i on an d i n G re a t ,

B ri ta i n Ge rm a n y a n d S c an d i n av i a s i n c e t h e o n e p a re n t so c i e t y
, ,

w a s o rgan i z e d i n B o s ton G rea t l ib ra ri e s h av e b e e n fo u n d e d m ag

.

n i fi c e n t b u i l d i n g s h av e b e e n Op e n e d an d ra re i n d e e d i s th e i n d i v i d ,

u al o f an y c u l t u ral a d v a n t age s i n th e U n i t e d St at e s o r E u rop e W h o

i s n ot m o re o r l e s s i n t e re s t e d a n d a s so c i at e d w i th th i s rap i d l y i n
c re a s i n g so c io l ogi c a l m an i fe s ta ti on To t h e L at t e r — day Sain t s th i s .

i n t e re s t h a s a D i v i n e so u rc e an d sp ri n g s f ro m a p ro m i s e gi v e n i n t h e
l a st c h ap t e r o f t h e O l d T e st a m e n t i n t h e B oo k o f M al a c h i 4 : 6 , , .

T h e a u t h o r d e s i re s t o exp re s s grat it u d e t o al l w ho h av e h el p e d
to m ak e t h i s b ook p o s s i b l e .

I t h a s b e e n p re p a re d i n t h e m i d s t o f m u c h t o i l a n d s t re s s o f
oth e r i n te re s t s an d l ab o r s b u t th e s ym p a t h y a n d h el p re n d e re d by
P re s i d e n t s A n th o n H L u n d an d Ch a rl e s W P e n ro s e A p o s tl e
,

.
,
.

J o s ep h F S m i th J r B i s h op Jo sep h C h ri s t e n s e n P ro fe s so r O J P
.
, .
, , . . .

W i d t so e h e a d o f t h e E n gl i s h d ep a rt m e n t o f th e U n i v e rs i t y o f U t ah
, ,

J a m e s H A n d e r so n A s s i s ta n t H i st o ri an A n d re w J e n son P Jo se p h
.
, ,
.

Je n se n an d B H J ac ob s on h i s to ri an an d p h i l ol ogi s t o f t h e L D
’
. .
, . .

S U by B i shop Jos eph S T i n ge y an d th e S u rnam e Com m ittee o f

. .
. .
,

th e R el i e f Soc i e t y i s h e reb y a ck n owl e d ge d an d grat e fu l t h an k s a re

,

ren d e re d .

Th e p rep a ra ti o n o f th e S u rn a m e I n d e x fro m o u r Ch u rc h d i rec

to r y wa s p e rfo rm e d u n d e r t h e c h arge o f M i s s S a rah E d d i n gton ,

a s s i s te d by o u r t y p i s t M i s s V i ol e t M c C l u re ,
.

I t i s h op e d th a t th e b oo k w i l l m e e t t h e n e e d s fo r wh i c h i t
h a s b e e n p rep a re d ; th a t i t w i l l s t i m u l at e a n i n t e re s t i n e v e r y L at - ~

t e r—
.

d ay S ai n t i n th e re d e m p t i o n of h i s d e ad wh i l e fu rth e r q u al i fy i n g ,

h i m o r h e r fo r t h e ge n ea l ogi c al p rep a rat i on o f th at w o rk .

M R S S U SA Y OU N G G A TE S .
,

E d ito r an d Compil e r .

Su rn am e B ook Co m m i t t e e o f th e Ge n e ral B oa rd o f t h e Re l i e f
Soc i e t y : M r s S u s a Yo u n g G at e s M r s A my B ro wn Ly m an M i s s
.
,
.
,

L i l l i an Ca m e ro n M r s D on n e tt e S m i t h K e sl e r
, .
.
 I N TRO DU C TI ON .

T h e q u e s t i o n may b e a sk e d b y o u r f ri e n d s a s w e l l a s by
st ran ge r s : W h y s h o u l d w e h av e a S u rn a m e B ook ? I n d e e d w h y ,

s h oul d ge n ealo gica l stu d ent s who s impl y wan t to get n ame s an d
d a t e s t ak e t h e t i m e a n d p a t i e n c e n e c e s sa ry t o s t u dy t h e o ri gi n o f
s u rn a m e s ? T h e a n s we r t o t h i s l a tt e r q u e s t i o n i s t h e re a so n f o r
th e p ub l i ca t i o n o f t h i s b oo k S u rn a m e h i s to r y l i e s at t h e roo t o f
.

ge n e al o gy i n exa c t l y t h e s am e w ay t h a t ge n e al ogy l i e s a t t h e root

o f s a l v a t i o n fo r t h e d e a d .

I t i s al way s inte re sting to an i nd iv i dua l to l ea rn facts about

h im s el f ; to rel ate th em to write th e m ; to hea r othe rs a sk question s
,

ab o u t h i m s e l f h i s l i k e s an d d i s l i k e s h i s op i n i o n s h i s t a st e s a n d
, , ,

the i nci dents o f h i s l i f e cove rin g eve ry pos s ibl e expe rien ce i n the
,

s cop e o f h i s m e m o ry T h e m o s t i n t e re s t i n g p e r so n o n e a rt h t o m e
.

i s m y s e l f I f yo u d o n o t b e l i e v e t h i s a sk th e n ex t p e rs o n y o u m e e t
.
,

t o t el l y o u s o m e t h i n g ab o u t h i m s e l f a n d s e e t h e re s u l t R i c h o r
, .

poor h i gh o r low th e k in g upon th e th ron e o r the begga r at h i s

, ,

ga t e w i l l d e l i gh t e d l y t al k t o yo u d ay i n a n d d ay o u t i f yo u h av e
, ,

the p ati en ce to l isten abo ut h im sel f I t i s th i s f act i n h uman n a

,
.

tu re wh ich s hrewd p ol i tic i an s an d wi s e cou rtie rs u se in deal in g with

m an .

N ex t t o t h e i n t e re st i n o u r s e l v e s o u r o ri gi n a n d b e gi n n i n g s
, ,

c o m e s o u r i n t e re s t i n o u r p a re n t s a n d i n o u r c h i l d re n Y o u w i l l .

w i n t h e h e a rt o f a n y m a n i f yo u w i l l p ra i s e h i s m ot h e r to h i m ;
w h i l e a d a u gh t e r t h ri l l s w i t h grat i t u d e a n d a f f e c t i o n wh e n y o u
s peak w el l o f h e r f athe r O u r ch i l d ren are p e rhap s n eare r to u s
.

t h a n o u r p a re n t s a n d n ex t t o t h e e n j oy m e n t fe l t i n t al ki n g ab o u t
,

o u r se l v e s c o m e s t h e p l e a s u re w e fe e l i n t a l k i n g ab o u t o u r c h i l d re n .

So i n en l argin g cu rve s o f inte rest a re we i n te reste d i n th e facts dates ,

an d i n c i d e n t s c on n e c t e d w i t h ou r gra n d p a re n t s p ro ge n i to rs a n d ,

d e s c e n d an t s
.

T h e s e ge n e a l ogi c a l i n t e re s t s a re c om m o n t o a l l h u m a n i ty ,

d i v i n e l y s o ; f o r th i s h u m a n t e n d e n c y i s gi v e n u s n o t o n l y t h a t w e
may p e rp e t u at e l i fe b u t a l so t h a t w e m ay h a v e t h e p a t i e n c e t o
,

re m e m b e r an d re c o r d th e v i t a l p o i n t s i n o u r l i v e s a n d h i sto r y fo r
p o s t e ri t y w h i l e w e s e e k t o ob t a i n t h e n e c e s sa ry ge n ea l o gi c a l dat a
,

o f o u r a n c e st o r s I t i s th i s h u m a n t e n d e n c y t o l ov e o u rs e l v e s a n d
.

th e t h i n g s an d p e op l e p e rta i n i n g to o u rs el ve s wh i c h exp l a i n s t h e
i n t e re st o f m a n k i n d i n b i ogra p h y an d e sp e c i al l y i n ge n e al og y
, .

A c c e p t i n g t h e s e st a t e m e n t s a s fa c t s w e n a rro w o u r st u d y a n d
,

i n q u i r y d o wn t o t h e p re s e n t d ay an d e s p e c i al l y t o t h e s u b j e c t o f
,

ge n e al o g y am on g o u r o wn p e o p l e S a l v at i o n n e v e r wa s a n d
.
vi . I N T R O D U CT I O N .

n e ve r c a n b e w h o l l y a s e l fi s h m at t e r T h e m o m e n t w e a t t e m p t t o
.

se c u re o u r o wn s a l v a t i o n w e fi n d th a t th e s a l v at i o n o f o u r l ov e d
o n e s i s so i n t i m at e l y b o u n d u p w i t h o u r o w n t h a t w e m u s t p e r ,

fo rc e s e e k t o s av e th e m e l se o u r h ap p i n e s s w i l l b e t u rn e d to m i se ry
, ,

an d h e av e n w i l l b e c o m e p u rgato r y I f w e a re i n t e re s te d i n s av i n g
.

o u r s e l v e s w e fi n d o u r s e l v e s c o n fro n t i n g t h e q u e st i o n : H o w c a n I
b e s av e d al on e w i th o u t h u sb a n d o r fat h e r m ot h e r o r s i s t e r ?— w h i l e
. ,

th e ten de r mothe r h eart yea rn s p oi gn antl y ove r th e sp i ritu al con dit ion
o f h e r c h i l d re n Th e re fo re l i ke t h e q u e st i o n o f o u r i n te re s t i n ou r
.
,

selve s ou r love f o r ou rs elves re ac h es out wi th e q u al fo rce an d

,

“
p ow e r to o u r l ov e d o n es an d rad iate s i n i nc reas in g c i rcl e s t o th e
.

l a s t o f o u r d e s c e n d an t s an d p roge n i t o r s .

From Mal ach i 4 : we quote : Behold I wil l sen d you El ij ah

t h e p rop h e t b e fo re t he c om i n g o f t h e gre a t an d d re a d fu l d ay of
.

t h e L o rd : A n d h e s h al l t u rn t h e h e a rt o f th e fa th e rs t o t h e c h i l d re n ,

a n d t h e h e a rt o f t h e c h i l d re n t o t h e i r fath e r s l e s t I c o m e a n d s m i te ,
”
t h e e a rt h w i t h a c u r s e .

I n d e e d th e P rop h e t J o s e p h S m i t h h a s s a i d T h e gre at e s t re
.
,
”
s p o n s i b i l i t y th at re st s u p o n th i s p e op l e i s t o l oo k a fte r t h e i r d e a d .

I f we d e s i re t o sav e o u r l ov e d on e s e sp e c i al l y t h e d e a d wh at , ,

s t e p s s h al l we t ak e to ac c o m p l i s h th i s p u rp o s e ?
Fi r st w e m u s t k n o w t h a t o u r re l at i v e s an d fri e n d s l i v e d at
,

c e rt a i n t i m e s an d p l ac e s W i t h ou t s u c h i n fo rm at i o n t h e i r p e rs o n
.

al i t y i s v a g u f o r m l e s s a n d u n c e rt a i n V i t a l st at i st i c s o r re c o rd e d
e .
,

g en eal ogic al d ata dete rm in e th e in d ividual i ty o f th e symbol ized dead

. .

I t i s t h rou gh s y m b ol s a n d s y m b ol s on l y t h a t w e co m m u n i c a t e w i t h
e ac h ot h e r h e re u p o n t h i s e a rt h A wo rd i s a c o l l e c t i o n o f s y m b ol s
.

e i th e r sp ok e n o r w ri t t e n w h i c h re p re se n t t h e c o n c e p t i o n o r t h o u gh t
t o b e c on v e y e d Th e l e tt e rs o f th e al p h ab e t a re s y m b o l s c h o s e n
.

a rb i t ra ri l y an d a re t h e m s e l ve s a n e vol u t i on o f p i c t u re w ri t i n g
,
.

Th e s e s y m b ol s v a r y i n e v e r y l a n gu age an d am on g s t al l p e op l e T h e .

v e r y w o rd s up o n o u r l i p s a re o th e r s y m b ol s w h i c h exp re s s s y m b o l
i c al l y t h e th o u gh t c o n c e i v e d i n t h e b ra i n W h e n a p e r son i s d e ad .

n ot h i n g re ma i n s o n e a rth b u t t h e fl e e t i n g m e m o ry o f re l at i v e s an d
fri e n d s a p i c t u re d fac e o r a s to n e u p o n a h i l l s i d e t oge t h e r w i t h th e
, ,

coll ection o f sv mbol s wh ich spel l s ou t th e n am e an d d ate o f th

d ecea sed p e rson If vou we re to see th e nam e o f Jos e p h Sm ith
. ,

th e m in d s eve u c u l d p h oto g ra p h th e p ictu re you m av have seen o f

h i m o r th e d e t a i l s o f h i s l i fe a n d m i s s i o n wo u l d ap p e a r o n yo u r
,

m e m o r y sc re e n Th e s y m b ol s th at c om p o s e t h e n a m e o f B ri gh a m
.

You n g w o u l d n e v e r b e c o n fu se d w i t h t h e re m e m b e re d o r c o n c e i v e d
p e r son a l i t y o f a n y ot h e r m a n wh o e v e r l i v e d I t i s t h e d at a c o n .

c e rn i n g a n y p e r son sv m bo l i z e d f o r u s o n t h e w ri t t e n p age
,
on t h e ,

t
o m b sto n e o r u p on t h e l i p s o f so m e s p e ak e r w h i c h c re a te s i n t h e
. .

m i n d th e i m age o f th e p e r so n t h u s s y m b ol i z e d T h i s d at a m igh t b e .

c al l e d th e re fo re t h e t ab e rn ac l e o f t h e d e p a rte d sp i ri t e v e n a s t h e
. . ,

w ord i s th e tabernac le o f th e th ought wh ich i t embo d ie s .

 I NT RO DUCT I O N . vii

N o w t h e re fo re h o w s h a l l w e s e c u re t h e d a t a o r re c o rd s wh i c h
, ,

a re n ece s sa r y i n o rde r to p e rson i f y o u r d ea d relati v e s ?

M e m o r y may s u p p l y u s w i t h s o m e fa c t s c o n c e rn i n g o u r
d e a d p roge n i to rs T h e v a ri o u s p ri m a ry ge n e a l ogi c a l so u rc e s o f
.

in fo rm at i o n s u c h a s t ra d i t i o n ol d w i l l s c o u n t ry a n d p a ri s h re c o rd s
, ,

w i th w h i c h o u r s t u d e n t s s h o u l d a l l b e fa m i l i a r p o i n t t h e wa y f o r ,

th e accom p l i shmen t o f o u r pu rpos e The re comes a t ime h oweve r when

.
, ,

we al l reach back a f ew h un d re d y ea rs — an d th i s t im e an d cond it on w il l i

a p p roa c h u s m o re ra p i d l y t o k e e p p a c e w i t h t h e fl o o d s o f g e n e al o g
i c a l i n fo rm a t i o n wh i c h a re b e i n g p u b l i s h e d b y t h e wo rl d — t h e re
com es a t ime I say wh en w e m ust learn someth in g o f th e o rigi n
. .

a n d d e v e l op m e n t o f o u r fa m i l y o r t r ib e I f o u r i n q u i ri e s h av e l e d .

u s t o e n t e r a ge n e a l ogi c a l l i b ra ry a n d th e re b e gi n o u r e age r s e a rc h ,

al m o s t t h e fi r s t q u e s t i o n s u gge st e d b y th e i n t e l l i ge n t l i b ra ri a n i s
t h i s : W h e re d i d y o u r fa m i l y o ri gi n a t e ? T h e n fo l l o w s : \ V h at i s
t h e h i s to ry o f y o u r s u rn a m e ? Y o u a re s e n t at on c e o n a m o re o r
l e s s e a s y s e a rc h i n t o t h e v a ri o u s s u rn a m e b oo k s f o r t h e a n s w e r s
to t h e s e q u e s t i o n s I f yo u fi n d th a t yo u r s u rn a m e o ri gi n a t e d i n
.

En gl a n d y o u w an t t o k n o w t o w h a t p a rt i c u l a r ra c e —s t ra i n d i d y o u r
fa m i l y b e l o n g \ Ve re t h e y C e l t i c A n gl o —
. S axo n D a n i sh o r N o r
, ,

m a n ? If y o u r p ro ge n i t o r s w e re No rm a n s yo u n ex t w a n t to kn o w
w h o t h e N o rm an s w e re a n d y o u a re t ol d i n h i s to ry t h a t t h e N o r
,

m a n s w e re a b ra n c h o f t h e S c a n d i n a v i a n rac e F re n c h i fi e d t h ro u gh
s e v e r al c e n t u ri e s o f re s i d e n c e i n N o rm a n d y a n d w h o c a m e t o E n g ,

l a n d w i t h W i l l i a m t h e Con q u e ro r .

W h o w a s W i l l i a m t h e Co n q u e ro r ? W i l l i a m w a s t h e so n o f
Rob e rt D u k e o f N o rm an d y a n d h e h a d a p ro m i s e i n h i s yo u t h
'

, ,

f ro m t h e K i n g o f E n gl a n d w h o wa s h i s u n c l e t h a t h e s h o u l d i n
, .

h e r i t t h e E n gl i s h c ro w n S o h e c a m e o v e r t o E n gl a n d i n re sp o n s e
.

to a n i n v i t a t i o n fro m h i s c o u s i n w h o w a s t h e n k i n g a n d a t t h e
, ,

B at t l e o f H a s t i n gs i n 106 6 be c o n q u e re d t h e E n gl i s h h o s t s W i l .

’
l i a m s fi r s t a c t w a s t o e re c t B a t t l e A b b e y o n t h e s i t e o f t h e B a tt l e
o f H a s t i n gs a n d t h e re h e c a u s e d t o b e re c o rd e d t h e n a m e s o f h i s
,

no bl es i n what i s kn own a s th e B attl e Abbe y Rol l s O n e o f h i s next

. .

i m p o rt a n t a c t s ge n e al o gi c al l y s p e a k in g w a s t o s e n d o u t h e ra l d s a l l
, ,

o v e r E n gl an d t o m a k e a c e n s u s o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n a n d h e c a u s e d t h i s ,

c e n s u s t o b e re c o rd e d i n L a t i n s c ri p t i n w h a t wa s c a l l e d th e D o m e s
d a y B ook a n d w h i c h n o w re p o s e s i n t h e L on d o n a rc h i v e s
,
.

\ V h o th e n w e re th e S c a n d i n av i a n s an d t h e T e u t on s
. ,
T h ey ?

w e re t h e A r y a n s o f n o rth e rn E uro p e i n c l u d i n g t h e H i gh a n d L o w ,

G e rm a n s an d t h e S c a n d i n av i a n s .

?
W h e re d i d t h e y c o m e f ro m Ce n t ra l a n d w e s t e rn A s i a A n d .

wh e n d i d t h e y e n t e r E u ro p e A b o u t 150 y e a r s a ft e r th e T e n T ri b e s
?

t oo k t h e i r j o u rn e y i n t o t h e no rt h c o u n t ry a s tol d i n t h e Sc ri p t u re s , .

W h o w e re t h e T e n Tri be s T h e y w e re t h e s o n s o f J ac ob W h o
?
.

w a s J a c ob ? T h e d e s c e n d an t o f S h e m W h o w a s S h e m ? Th e s o n .
vii i . I N T R O D U CT I O N .

o f N oah T h u s t h e h i s to ry l i n k s fa st e n i n to e a c h ot h e r on e b y o n e
.
-

b a c k to Fat h e r A d a m .

I t wo u l d t h e re fo re b e i m p o s s ib l e f or an i n t e l l i ge n t L att e r d ay
, ,
-

S a i n t ge n e a l ogi s t to c a rry on a s u c c e s s fu l s e a rc h fo r h i s a n c e sto r s

wi thou t knowing someth ing conce rn ing the o rigin o f h i s su rname ,

an d t h e n o f h i s t ri b e an d t h e h i sto ry o f t h e v a rio u s s ub t ri b e s an d -

d i v i s i o n s wh i c h go t o m ak e up t h e p eop l e s o f t h e e a rt h .

W h e n w e t h e re fo re a s k t h e q u e s t i o n : W h e re d i d I o ri gi n a t e
ge n e al ogi c al l y ? w e b e gi n o u r s i m p l e s c i e n t i fi c s t u d y w i t h a k no w
l e dge o f o u r s u rn a m e an d f o r t h i s w e m u s t ap p l y to s u rn a m e b ook s
, .

The re are no su rnam e boo k s on th e market as f ew have ever been ,

p u b l i s h e d a n d t h e s e a re l on g s i n c e o u t o f p ri n t H e n c e th e Ge n e ra l .
,

B o a rd o f t h e R e l i e f S o c i e t y i s p u b l i s h i n g t h i s S u rn a m e B ook ,

wh i c h i s a ft e r al l b u t a c o m p i l at io n o f t h e b e s t s u rn a m e i n fo rm a
, ,

t i on t o b e fo u n d i n a l l th e b ook s s o fa r p ub l i s h e d i n t h e E n gl i sh
l an gu a ge W e h av e s t u d io u s l y gl e a n e d w h a t w e c o u l d a n d al
.
,

t h ou gh t h e i n fo rm at io n h e re i n gi v e n i s f ragm e n t a ry i n m a n y re
sp e c t s we h av e p u rp o s e l y re fra i n e d f ro m gi v i n g c op io u s q u ot at i o n s
,

l e s t w e s h o ul d b o t h w e a ry a n d c o n fu s e t h e b e gi n n e r W e a d v i s e .

al l o u r st u d e n t s t o j o i n t h e G e n e al o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f U t ah a n d t h e re
t a k e up a m o re d e t a i l e d s t u d y o f t h e i r s u rn a m e b e gi n n i n g s fro m
boo ks wh e n c e w e h av e gl e a n e d wh at i s fo u n d i n th e s e p age s .

L e t i t n o t b e t h o ugh t th a t a n y o n e s tu dy i n g t h i s b oo k m ay
d i s c ov e r an y th i n g c o n c e rn i n g h i s p a rt i c u l a r fam i l y h i sto ry o r ge n
e al o g y ; b u t t h e s e c h ap t e r s w i l l c e rt a i n l y p o i n t th e w ay t o ge t a t

th e roo t so u rc e s o f t h a t i n fo rm at i o n .

F o r wh at e v e r i n sp i ra t i on h e l p o r i n fo rm at i o n m ay b e fo u n d
,

h e re i n w e re n d e r t h a n k s t o o u r H e a v e n l y Fa t h e r t o a s s i s t i n g
, ,

f ri en d s an d t o p u b l i sh e d s o u rc e s
,
T h e fa u l t s an d s h o rt co m i n gs a re
.

o u r o w n b u t i t i s w i t h th e h op e t h at t h i s b oo k m ay b e p ro d u c t i v e o f
,

m u c h i n d i re c t goo d th a t w e l ay o u r gi ft u p o n t h e a l t a r o f P rov
idence .

L SI T O F S U R N A ME B OO K S IN T H E U T AH GE N E AL O GI C AL L I B R A RY .

S u rn ame s as a S c i en c e B R b F e rt

H l Y y o e rg u so n
i sto ry o f Ch ri st i an N ames B C h ar o tt e
d E A F
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yB W P W P hil m
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F l EB d i B G d y . n e rso n

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os o n n es

an x S u rn ame s B
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o e rt e rg u so n

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.

ami y N ame s an d t h e i r S t ory B y S B ari ng G o u d

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H i st ori c a ssay s on E l
n g i sh S u rn ame s By A L ow e r . .
 C O NTEN T S .

S eth an d Shem
D i sobed i en t Races Descend ed f rom Shem
Ham h i s Descendants an d T ribes
,

Japheth h i s De scen dan t s an d T ribe s

,

Raci al B eginn ings in E u rope

Whe re the R ace s an d T ribe s S ettl ed i n Eu rope
En gl i sh H i sto r y 55 B C to 106 6 A D
,
. .
. .

Pe rs ona l N am e s
E v ol ut i on o f S u rname s
Patro nym i c s or S i re N am es
B attl e Abbe y N am es
VV i l l i am s Su rvey in the Dome sday B ook
’

B ook o f L i fe o f D u rh a m M i n s t e r
A n glo S axon S u rn ame s
-

Pl ace o r Local N ame s

O f fici al o r O cc upative Su rn am e s
T rade N am es — Country an d Town
-

N ick an d D esc riptive N ame s

P re fi xe s an d S l i flIX CS
‘

S cotch an d I r ish Su rname s

We l sh Gen ealo g y
French S u rn am es
Ge rm an Su rnam e s
Gen e alogical Con d ition s in Switze rl an d
Genealogical R e c ord s o f th e M ao ri o f N ew Zeal an d
Gen eal ogy i n H awa i i
Genealogy an d Fam i l y N am e O ri g in s o f th e Ch i ne se Race
H in du an d Tu rki sh Genealogy
Dan i sh N am es an d Gen eal ogy
No rw e gi a n N a m e s a n d Ge n e a l og y
S we d i s h N am e s a n d Ge n e a l og y
Ame ri can S u rn am es
Su rn am e I n d ex
A d d re s se s o f G en ea l o gi c a l S o c i e t i e s a n d L i b ra ri e s
 I L L U S T R AT I O N S A N D C H A R T S .

An ted i luvian Patria rch s Tabl e S howing Geen al og y o f the ,

A n ci ent E ast M ap o f th e ,

An c ien t Egypt Map o f ,

A s s y rian Empi re M ap o f ,

An ci e nt Wo rld M ap o f ,

An ci en t We l sh H a rp
A n c ient Ch in ese Temple
B onapa rte Fam il y Th e ,

B razen A lta r S u ppose d Re sto ration o f th e

,

B razen Sea o r B apti smal Fon t i n th e Templ e at Je ru salem

,

B ri ti sh I sl e s Map o f th e ,

Dav id Ped igree o f

,

Domesday B ook an d Ch est

Dome sd a y B ook S amp le Page o f ,

En gl i sh Ro yal Ped igree

Eg yptian Ch a rio te e rs
Egyptian Rul e r
Eu rope M ap o f ,

French Kin gs P e di gree o f .

Hou se o f Ha n ove r The ,

Lanca ste r an d York Ho u s e s o f

“
,

Noah Tabl e o f th e N ation s De scen ded f rom the S on s o f

,

N orway S wed en an d Denma rk M ap o f

. ,

Pictu re taken f rom M ex i can An t iqu it ie s

Roman Dom i n io n s Map o f ,

R osetta S ton e
S a xo n Ki n g s o f En gl and
S axon F rancon ian an d Hoh en stau fen Impe rial H ou se s
, ,

S aul Pe d i gre e o f
,

Sal t Lake Templ e

S tua rt an d Han ove r Hou ses o f .

Templ e at Je ru sal em Th e ,

Templ e at J e ru sal em Fl oo r Pl an o f th e
Teuton ic H ou se —
,

mov in g in th e M id dl e Age s
\Ne l sh Ped i gre es Tabl e o f ,

\ V i l l i am the Conqu e ror

Worl d M ap o f th e ,
 SU R N AM E B OO K
A N D R AC I A L H I S T O R Y

SETH AND SH E M .

T h e t u d e n t o f s u r n a m e s wh o d e s i re s t o fo l l o w d o w n t h e
s

s t re a m o f ra c i al h i s t o r y m u s t b e gi n w i t h t h a t gi v e n 115 by o u r sa
c re d re c o rd t h e B i b l e V e r y c l e a r a n d d e fi n i t e a re t h e ge n e a l o g i e s
.

t h e re a n d s u f fi c i e n t l i gh t 1 5 t h ro w n u p o n t h e o ri gi n a n d fi n al b re ak
.
c

i n g u p o f th e t ri b e s a n d ra c e s o f t h e e a rt h a f t e r t h e D e l u ge t o gi v e
t h e st u d e n t a c l e a r i d e a o f t h a t h i s t o r y a l t h o u gh t h e re a re m i s s i n g .

l i n k s 1n a l m o s t e v e ry c h a i n o f ge n e a l o gy I n t h a t gi v e n f ro m A d a m .

to o u r S a v i o r a s re c o rd e d by S t \ Iat t h e w an d S t L u k e t h e l i n e
. . . .

ru n s d i re c t l y fro m A da m t h ro u gh S e t h E b e r A b ra h a m I s a a c . . , .
,

J a c o b a n d J ac o b s o n J u d a h d o w n to J o s e p h t h e s t e p fa t h e r o f t h e
. s
-

Sa v i o r a n d t o \ Iarv H i s m ot h e r
. .

A d am A d a m h a s t h re e s on s n a m e d i n G e n e s i s : Ca i n A b e l
. .

an d S e t h H e h a d m a n y o t h e r so n s a n d d a u gh t e r s ( G e n e s i s
.

P e a rl o f G re a t P ri c e M o s e s 5 : 2 A f t e r t h e t rage d y w h i c h re
. .

su l t e d i n t h e d e a t h o f A b e l C a i n m a r ri e d a d a u gh t e r fro m t h e d i s
,

ob e d i e n t d e sc e n d a n t s o f A d a m a n d s e t t l e d t h e l a n d o f N o d ( P e a r l
.

o f G re a t P ri c e M o s e s .

S e th S e t h t h e t h i r d s o n o f A d a m w a s t h e fa t h e r o f t h e
. . .

”
p ro m i s e d s e e d n o t p e rh a p s b e c a u s e o f an y s u p e ri o r i t y o f i n t e l l e c t
.

o r p ri o ri t y o f b i rt h b u t b e c a u s e h e k e p t t h e c o m m a n d m e n t s of G o d
.

an d l o v e d l i gh t m o re t h a n h e l o v e d d a rk n e s s .

N oah No a h w h o d e s c e n d e d f ro m S e t h t h ro u gh E n o s C a
. . .

n a a n M a h al a l e e l J a re d E n o c h M e t h u s e l a h a n d L a m e c h h a d t h re e
, . . . .

so n s S h e m H a m a n d J ap h e t h w h o a ft e r t h e F l oo d b e c a m e t h e
. . , . .

fat h e r s o f t h e p e o p l e s o f t h e e a rt h N oa h s fat h e r L am e c h 1 s n ot t h e
’

sa m e L a m e c h w h o wa s t h e d e sc e n d a n t o f Ca i n .

Th e S ub d i v i si o n of th e Th r e e R a c e s Th e sub d ivi sion of th e .

th re e ra c e s i s n o t s o s h a rp l y m a rke d i n h i s t o r y a s w e m i gh t w i s h
i t we re T h e p h i l o l o gi s t s t h a t i s t h e m e n w ho st u d v t h e l a n gu a ge s
. . .
 I L LU S T R A T I O N S A N D C H A R T S .

Antedi luvian Patria rch s Tabl e S howing Geen al ogy o f the ,

Anci ent E ast M ap o f the ,

Anc ient E gypt Map o f ,

A s s yrian Empi re Map o f ,

An ci e nt Wo rld M ap o f ,

Anc i ent We l sh Ha rp
Anc ient Ch ine se Templ e
Bona p arte Fam il y The ,

B razen Alta r S u p posed Resto ration o f the

,

B razen Sea o r B aptismal Font in th e Templ e at Je ru salem

,

B riti sh I sl es Map o f the ,

Dav id Pedigree o f
,

Domesday B ook an d Chest

Dome sda y B ook S amp le Page o f ,

En gl ish Ro yal Ped igree

Egyptian Ch ari ote e rs -

Egyptian Ru l e r
Europe Map o f ,

Fren ch Kin gs P e digree o f ,

Hou se o f Hano ve r The ,

Lan caste r an d York Ho u s e s o f

“
,

N oah Table o f th e N ation s Descen ded f rom th e S on s o f

,

N o rwa y S weden an d Denmark M ap o f

, ,

Pictu re taken from M ex i can Antiqu itie s

Roman Dom in io n s M ap o f ,

Rosetta S ton e
S axo n Kin gs o f Engl and
S axon Francon ian an d Hoh en stau fen Impe rial Hou se s
, ,

Salt Lake Templ e

Stuart an d Hanove r Hou ses o f ,

Tem p l e at Jeru salem Th e ,

Templ e at J e ru salem Floor P l an o f the

'

Teuton ic House — mov in g i n the M iddl e Age s

Wel sh Ped igre es Tabl e o f ,

Wil l iam the Conque ror

World M ap o f th e
,
 SU R NAM E B OO K
AN D R AC I A L H I S T O R Y

S E TH A N D SH E M .

T h e st u d e n t o f s u rn a m e s w h o d e s i re s t o fol l o w d o w n t h e
s t re a m o f r ac i al h i st o ry m u s t b e gi n w i t h t h at gi v e n u s by o u r sa
c re d re c o rd t h e B i b l e V e ry c l e a r a n d d e fi n i t e a re t h e ge n e a l ogi e s
,
.

t h e re a n d s u f fi c i e n t l i gh t i s t h ro w n up o n t h e o ri gi n a n d fi n a l b re ak
,

i n g u p o f t h e t ri b e s a n d ra c e s o f t h e e a rt h a ft e r t h e D e l u ge t o gi v e
t h e st u d e n t a c l e a r i d e a o f t h at h i sto ry al t h o u g h t h e re a re m i s s i n g ,

l i n k s i n a l m o s t e v e r y c h a i n o f ge n e a l ogy I n th a t gi v e n fro m A d a m .

to o u r S a v i o r a s re c o rd e d by S t M at t h e w an d S t L u k e t h e l i n e
, . .
,

ru n s d i re c t l y f ro m A d a m t h ro u gh S et h E b e r A b rah am I s a ac , , , , ,

J a c o b a n d J ac ob s so n J u d ah d o w n t o J o s e p h th e s t ep fat h e r o f t h e
,
’
-

Sa v i o r an d t o M a r y H i s m o th e r
,
.

A d am A d a m h a s t h re e so n s n am e d i n G e n e s i s : Ca i n A b e l
. .

an d S e t h H e h a d m an y o t h e r so n s a n d d a u gh t e r s ( G e n e s i s
.

P e a rl o f G re a t P ri c e M o s e s 5 : 2 A ft e r t h e t ra ge d y wh i c h re
. .

su l t e d i n t h e d e a t h o f A b e l C a i n m a r ri e d a d a u gh t e r fro m t h e d i s
,

ob e d i e n t d e s c e n d a n t s o f A d a m an d se t t l e d th e l a n d o f N o d ( Pe a rl
.

o f G re a t P ri c e M o se s ,

Se th S e t h t h e t h i rd s on o f A d a m w a s t h e fa th e r o f t h e
. , ,

”
p ro m i s e d s e e d n o t p e rh ap s b e c a u s e o f an y s u p e ri o ri t y o f i n t e l l e c t
,

o r p ri o ri t y o f b i rt h b u t b e c a u s e h e k e p t t h e c o m m a n d m e n t s o f G o d
,

an d l ov e d l i gh t m o re t h a n h e l ov e d d a rk n e s s .

N o ah N o ah wh o d e sc e n d e d f ro m S e t h t h ro u gh E n o s C a
.
, ,

n a an M ah a l a l e e l J a re d E n oc h M e t h u s e l a h a n d L a m e c h h a d t h re e
, , . , ,

so n s Sh e m H a m a n d J ap h e t h wh o a ft e r t h e Fl oo d b e c a m e th e
, , , , ,

fa th e r s of t h e p e op l e s o f t h e e a rt h N oa h s fat h e r L a m e c h i s n o t t h e .
’

s am e L a m e c h w h o wa s t h e d e s c e n d a n t o f Ca i n .

Th e S u bd i v i si o n o f t h e T h r ee R a c es T h e s u b d i v i s i o n o f th e .

th re e ra c e s i s n o t so sh a rp l y m a rke d i n h i s to ry a s we m i gh t w i s h
i t we re T h e p h i l ol ogi s t s t h a t i s th e m e n w ho st u d y th e l a n gu a ge s
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gi st s wi t h a p rov i so

“
.
,

Th e P rov i s o M y e r s says : .

Th e R a c e s of M a n k i n d i n t h e H i s t or i c P e r i od D i st i n c t i o n s .

i n bo d i l y ch a rac t e ri st i c s s uc h a s fo rm c ol o r an d fe at u re s d i v i d e
, ,
-
, .
,

t h e h u m a n sp e c i e s i n t o t h re e t y p e s o r ra c e s kn o w n a s t h e B l ac k o r ,

E th i op i a n R a c e t h e Ye l l o w o r M o n gol i a n R ac e a n d t h e W h i t e o r
. ,

Ca u c a s i an Ra c e B u t w e m u st n o t s u p p o s e e a c h o f t h e s e t h re e
.

t y p e s t o b e sh a rp l y m a rk e d o f f fro m t h e o t h e r s ; th ey s h a d e i n to o n e
a n ot h e r by i n s e n s i b l e gra d a t i on s .

W e a s s u m e t h e o ri gi n a l u n i t y o f t h e h u m a n ra c e I t i s p rob .

a b l e th a t t h e p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t al d i f f e re n c e s e x i st i n g a ro s e th ro ugh
t h e i r p roge n i t o r s h a v i n g b e e n s u bj e c t e d to d i f f e re n t c l i m a t i c i n fi u
e n c e s a n d t o d i ff e re n t c o n d i t i o n s o f l i fe t h ro ugh l o n bg p e ri o d s o f °

p re h i s to ri c t i m e T h e re h a s b e e n n o p e rc e p t i b l e c h an g e l n t h e gre a t
.

t y p e s d u ri n g t h e h i s t o ri c a ge T h e p a i n t i n g s up o n t h e o l d e s t E g yp
.

t i a n m o n u m en t s s h o w u s t h a t a t t h e d a w n o f h i s to ry t h e p ri n c i p a l
ra c e s w e re a s d i st i n c t l y m a rk e d a s n o w e a c h b e a ri n g i t s ra c i a l ,

b a d ge o f c o l o r a n d p h y s io gn o m y .

M ix i n g of R a c e s I n t e rm a r ri age h a s b e e n so u n i v e r s a l f ro m
.

th e e a rl i e s t t i m e s t h a t i t i s d i f fi c u l t t o s t ri c t l y c l a s s i f y t h e t h re e
ra c e s a n d y e t t h e L o rd h a s q u i t e d e fi n i t e l y m a rke d t h re e ge n e ra l
, , ,

s u b d i v i s i o n s a s i n d i c a t e d i n G e n e s i s S u rn am e s t u d e n t s m u st re
, .

m e m b e r t h a t i n t e rm a rri age c o m p l i c at e s ra c e d i v i s i o n s .

D i sp e r si o n o f t h e R a c e s fr o m t h e To w e r o f B ab e l

“
.

Jo s e p h u s s ay s t h a t t h e w h ol e A s i a t i c c o n t i n e n t wa s fi l l e d w i t h

“
a m i x e d m u l t i t u d e w h i c h t h e y m u s t h av e be e n b e i n g t h e d e s c e n d
, ,

a n t s o f H a m J ap h e t h a n d S h e m
, Som e pa s sed ove r th e sea i n
.

”
s h i p s h e s a y s a n d i n h a b i t e d t h e i sl a n d s
, , .

Fo r t h e c ol on i z at i o n o f E u rop e A s i a a n d A fri c a fro m B ab e l , , , ,

i n a ge n e ra l l oo s e w ay f o r m e n ta l c l a s s i fi c a t i o n w e may say J a
, .

p h e t h s d e sc e n d an t s c ol on i z e d E u rop e ; S h e m s A s i a ; a n d H a m s
’ ’

“
, ,

A fri c a B u t t h e re a re n ot e wo rt h y e xc ep t i o n s T h e b a s i s fo r t h i s
. .

“
c l a s s i fic a t i o n i n c o l on i z at i o n i s t h e B i b l e a n d J o s e p h u s ( G e n 10 .
,
’ ”
an d J o seph u s An tiq uiti e s of th e Jews B o ok I Ch ap t e r v i ) , , .

( S e e a l so S m i t h s O l d T e st a m e n t H i st o r y Ch a p t e r v )
’

, .

I n a ge n e ra l w ay E u ro p e wa s co l o n i z e d fro m t h e n o rt h e rn
sh o re s o f t h e M e d i t e r ra n e a n se a by t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f J ap h e t h .

a n d t h e exp a n s i o n wa s t o w a rd s t h e n o rt h a n d n o r t h we s t Th e .

c h i e f exc e p t i on s re fe rre d t o ab o v e a re t h a t A s i a M i n o r ( ex c e p t i n g
L y d i a a n d A rm e n i a ) Nl e d i a a n d th e l an d o f t h e S c y t h i an s w e re
,
 S U RN A M E B OO K .

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6 S URN A M E B OO K .

i n Ge n e s i s c h a p t e rs 37—50 w a s t h e fa t h e r of E p h ra i m a n d M a n a s se h
. ,
.

T h e d e s c e n d an t s o f bo t h o f t h e se c a m e ov e r to A m e ri c a i n t h e e x
o d u s l e d by L e h i a n d Z arah e ml a A l t h o u gh E p h ra i m w a s t h e .

yo u n ge r h e re c e i v e d t h e c h i e f p rop h e t i c b l e s s i n g fro m h i s
.

gra n d fa th e r J ac o b J o sh u a w a s a n Ep h ra i m i te an d t h e t rib e wa s
.
,

fi n a l l y s e t tl e d i n t h e c e n t ra l p o rt i o n o f C an a an b u t t h i s t ri b e a l so .

t oo k th e l e a d i n t h e re v ol t o f t h e T e n T ri b e s f ro m Re h ob o am t h e ,

son o f So l o m on a n d fo rm e d t h e h e a rt an d s t re n gt h o f t h e n e w n a
.

t i on w h i c h wa s kn o w n a s I s ra e l M an a s s e h w a s th e fat h e r o f th e .

l an d G i l ea d t h ro u gh M a c h i r a n d G i d eo n wa s o f t h i s t ri b e T h e y . .

a l so we re c a rri e d cap t i v e bv t h e A s s y ri a n s a n d re t u rn e d u n d e r E z ra
an d N e h e m i ah .

Th e Tw e l v e T r i b e s T h e Ch i l d re n o f I s rae l wh o w e n t do w n t o
.

E g y p t i n t h e l a s t d a y s o f J a c ob a n d s e t t l e d i n Go sh e n u n d e r t h e p at
rou age o f t h e i r b rot h e r J o s ep h w h o wa s a gov e rn o r u n d e r P h a r ,

aoh re m a i n e d i n E gy p t f o r 400 y e a r s m u l t i p l y i n g f ro m a fe w h u n
, ,

d re d so u l s t o n e a rl y i n sp i t e o f t h e i r h a rd s h i p s a n d l a t e r
op p re s s i o n A l l o f t h e T we l v e T r i b e s — t h e re w e re re a l l y t h i rt e e n
.

t ri b e s — i n t e rm a rri e d so m e wh a t y e t th e l i n e of d e s c e n t w a s ke p t ,

ra th e r sh a r p l y m a rk e d by t h e h e i r s i n t h e fa m i l y f o r w e fi n d th e m ,

i n t h e b oo k o f N u m b e r s w 1t h ex a c t ge n e al ogi e s a n d p e d ig re e s
.

“
s t ri c tl y ac c o u n t e d fo r ru n n i n g b a c k t o t h e v ari o u s s o n s of J ac ob
,
.

T h e c h o s e n l i n e w a s J u d ah s s e e d H e w a s p ro m i se d by h i s fa t h e r
’
.

J a c ob t h a t th e s c ep t e r sh a l l n o t d e p a rt fro m J u d ah n o r a l aw —gi v e r ,

f ro m b e t we e n h i s fe e t u n ti l S h i l o h c o m e a n d u n to H i m sh al l t h e ,

ga th e ri n g o f t h e p e op l e b e Co n s e q u e n tl y i n sp i t e o f m a n y i n
.
,

d i v i d u al d e l i n q u e n c i e s an d t ri b al s i n s fo rgi v e n e s s w a s ob t a i n e d ,

a ft e r rep e n ta n c e an d th e p ro m i s e w a s fu l fi l l e d
,
.

M o se s T h e t ri b e o f L e v i w a s rep re s e n t e d gl o ri o u s l y t h ro ugh
.

Koh at h t h e s e c o n d so n o f L e v i by M o s e s a n d A a ron H e wa s th e
. , .

so n o f A m ram a n d Jo c h e b e d M o s e s l e d t h e C h i l d re n o f I s ra e l
.

b a c k t o t h e P ro m i s e d L an d T h e h i sto r y i s gi v e n i n E x o d u s L e . ,
=

v i t i c u s N u m b e r s a n d D e u t e ro n o m y A l l t h e s e b oo k s we re w ri t te n .
,

by M o s e s G e n e s i s i t i s s u p p o se d i s al so t h e p ro d u c t of h i s p e n
.
, , ,

i t b e i n g a c o m p i l a t i o n a n d an ab ri dgm e n t o f t h e re c o rd s w h i c h
w e re n o d o ub t i n h i s p o s s e s s i o n c o n c e rn i n g t h e h i s to r y o f t h e an t e
, ,

d i l u v i an s M o s e s h a d a ke e n y e s a s u p e rn at u ra l ap p re c i a t i o n of
.
, , ,

th e v al u e a n d i m p o rt a n c e o f ge n e al og y H e p rep are d a wh o l e b o ok
.
.

o n t h i s v i ta l p h a se o f t h e h i sto r y of h i s p e op l e a n d f ro m t h e s u b ,

s e q u e n t h i s to r y o f I s rae l t h e re i s l i tt l e do ub t t h a t h e u n d e r s too d i n ,

p a rt a t l e a s t t h e p ri n c i p l e of s a l v a t i o n fo r t h e d e a d f o r P a u l a sk s
. ,

t h e J e w s t h i s p re gn an t q u e s t i o n E l s e w h a t sh al l t h e y d o wh i c h ,

a re b a p t i z e d fo r th e d e a d i f th e d e a d ri s e n o t a t al l ? W h y a re
? ”
t h e y t h e n b a p t i z e d fo r th e d e a d
M o s e s l e ft m a n y l aw s p e rt a i n i n g t o t h e p u ri t y of d e sc e n t o f h i s
p e op l e A ft e r h i m c a m e Jo sh u a w h o ap p o rt i on e d t o th e t ri b e s th e i r
.
,
8 S UR N A M E B OO K .

v a rio u s l oc al i t i e s i n t h e P ro m i s e d L an d H i s h i s to r y i s fo u n d i n .

D e u te ro n o m y .

J u d g e s A s e ri e s of I s ra e l i t i s h l e a d e r s c a l l e d J u dge s ob t a i n e d
.
,

fo r 330 y e a r s D u ri n g t h i s p e r io d D eb o rah t h e on e wom a n ru l e r

.
,

an d j u dge p l a y e d t h e o n e m agn i fi c e n t p a rt i n th e re d e m p t i o n o f h e r
,

p e op l e .G i d e on f ol l owe d h e r an d t h e n o th e r j u d ge s u n t i l S am son ,

wa s b o rn Fol l o wi n g h i m c a m e t h e s to r y of Ru t h an d B o a z T h e n
. .

wa s b o rn Sa m u e l so n o f E l k an a h a n d H a n n ah H a n n a h s p l a i n t iv e
, .
’

s to r y i s fa m i l i a r to al l E l kan ah wa s an E p h ra i m i t e S am u e l
. .

b l e s s e d S a ul t o b e t h e fi r s t k i n g o f I s rae l .

Sa u l T h e h i sto r y o f S a u l w i l l b e fo u n d i n I S am u e l H e w a s
. .

a m i gh t y k i n g an d w a s a d e sc en d a n t o f t h e t ri b e o f B e n j am i n H i s .

d a u gh te r m a rri e d y o u n g D av i d an d a ft e r y e a r s o f a b i tt e r j e al o u sy ,

a n d i n t ri gu e w h i c h m a rre d th e ot h e rw i s e p owe rf u l c h a rac t e r o f

Sa u l h e an d h i s son s w e re s l a i n i n b at t l e by t h e Ph i l i s t i n e s
,
.

D av i d D av i d wa s t h e so n o f J e s s e th e so n o f O b e d th e son
.

'
, ,

o f B o a z t h e so n o f S al m o n th e so n o f N a a s son t h e s on o f A m i n a
, , ,

d ab th e son o f A a ro n t h e so n o f E s ro m t h e so n o f P h a re s t h e so n
, , , ,

o f J u d ah H i s b ri l l i a n t re i gn m a rre d b y h i s o w n c ri m e i n t h e
. .

s l a u gh te r o f U ri ah m a d e gl o ri o u s t h ro ugh h i s rep e n ta n t h u m i l i t y
,

an d c o n s ta n t d e t e rm i n at i o n t o ov e rc o m e h i s we ak n e s s an d c l i n g to
go d l i n e s s i s a d ram a t i c p a rt o f I s ra e l s h i st o ry H i s l i fe i s fou n d i n
.
’
.

I I Samuel .
0

So l o m o n D av i d s p o s t e ri t y w a s v e r y n u m e ro u s b u t h e c h o se
’
.
,

b e fo re h i s o wn d e ath t o h av e h i s so n So l o m o n w h o w as t h e so n o f ,

B at h s h e b a fo rm e r w i fe o f U ri ah t o fol l o w h i m a s k i n g of I s rael
, , .

T h ro u gh B a t h sh e b a So l o m o n i n h e ri t e d t h e b l oo d o f J ap h e t h H er
,
‘
.

fath e r wa s A h i t h o p e l a n d a n at i v e of G i l o h Sol o m o n s re i gn i s .
’

gi v e n i n I K i n g s .

Th e K i n gd om o f J u d ah Sol o m o n c h o s e h i s so n Re h ob oa m to .

s u c c e e d h i m o n th e t h ro n e b e fo re a n a m b i t i o u s i n m at e o f
’
S ol o m o n s h ou s eh ol d J e rob o a m wh o w a s a n Ep h ra i m i t e an d , ,

th e so n o f N eb a t a n d Z e ru ah i n c i te d t h e T e n T ri b e s t o re ,

b e l l i on a n d w a s m a d e k i n g ov e r t h e m d ra wi n g awa y f ro m th e
, ,

t ri b e s o f J u d ah a n d B e n j a m i n i n t o t h e i r o wn n o rth e rn s e c t i o n o f
P a l e st i n e o r J u d e a A ft e r t h i s f o r 255 y e a r s th e re we re t h e se p a ra t e
.

k i n gd o m s J u d ah a n d B e n j a m i n b e i n g kn o wn a s J u d a h wh i l e th e
, ,

T e n T ri b e s we re kn o w n a s I s ra e l .

Th e K i n gd om o f Isr ae l T h e T e n T ri b e s s e t u p a k i n gd o m .

u n d e r J e robo a m an d e i gh te e n k i n g s re i gn e d ov e r th e m d u ri n g th at
,

p e ri o d A m o n g th e fam o u s k i n g s o f I s ra e l we re J e h u Z ac h a ri ah
.
, ,

an d H o s e a w h o w a s th e l a s t k i n g I t wa s d u ri n g t h i s p e ri o d t h a t
, .

E l i j a h p rop h e s i e d a n d w ro u gh t m i rac l e s E l i s h a fol l ow e d h i m . .

A m o s al so w rot e a n d p rop h e s i e d d u ri n g t h i s p e ri o d .

Th e Te n Tr i b e s Tak e n C ap t i v e H o s e a wa s t h e l a s t k i n g of .

I s ra e l .
S ET H A N D S H E M .
10 S URN A M E B OO K .

I t wa s d u ri n g th i s p e ri o d t h at t h e T e n T ri b e s w e re t ake n c ap
t i v e by S h al m an e se r k i n g o f A s s y ri a a n d w e n t i n to t h e n o rth c ou n
, .

t y (
r I s a i ah c h a p t e,r s 18 an d 19 ; I I K i n g s —23 ; 17 : 10 Th i s
e n d e d th e d y n a st y o f t h e T e n T ri b e s o f I s rae l G e o rge Re y n ol d s .
’

b oo k A re \ V e o f I s rae l ? sa v 5
,
” °

M o re th a n on e a u th o r h a s a d v a n c e d t h e i d e a t h at th e W e l sh
'

a re o f th e t ri b e o f M an a s se h som e v agu e t ra d i t i o n s o f t h at p e op l e
.

b e in g th o u gh t t o p o i n t i n t h a t d i re c t i o n ; i t h a s al so b e e n a s se rt e d
th a t t h e I ri sh a re o f t h a t t ri b e F ro m t h i s i d e a w e d i f fe r W i t h. .

gre a t sh o w o f re a son i t h a s b e e n c l a i m e d th at D e n m a rk wa s c ol o
n i z e d by th e t ri b e o f D a n ( i n D an i s h i t i s D a n m a r k o r D a n s l an d
’
, .

to th s d ay ) so accord in g to th i s a Dan e i s s impl y a Dan ite J u t

’
. , . .

’
l a n d a d j o i n i n g i s re ga rd e d a s J u d a h s l a n d J u t e b e i n g c o n s i de re d
. , ,

m e re l y an ot h e r fo rm o f t h e wo rd J e w ; wh i l e a l i ttl e fu rt h e r n o rth
we fi n d G ot tl a n d G o t h l an d o r Ga d s l an d a s t h e s e w ri te r s b e l i ev e
. .
’
, .

th u s t ra c i n g i n i m m e d i a t e p rox i m i t y t h e h o m e s o f th re e p ro m i n e n t
t ri b e s o f I s ra e l t h ro u gh t h e n a m e s gi v e n to t h e re gi o n s t h e y se ttl e d
m .

Accord ing to E sd ra s on e yea r “ a h al f was c n sumed

"

an d . o

i n th e j o u rn e y wh i c h i s an e v i d e n c e t h a t th e y w e re e u c u m
.

b e re d w i t h fa m i l i e s a n d c a ttl e wh o c o u l d o n l y t ra v el sl o wl y an d
,

fo r wh o m m a n y re st i n g p l ac e s h ad to b e fo u n d w h e re t h e y c o u l d
”
re c u p e rat e .

Th i s w a s i n t h e y e a r 721 B C an d s t ra n ge t o say we ge t t h e . . . ,

fi r s t gl i m p s e o f t h e T e u t on i c o r G e rm an i c ra c e s i n E u rop e a sh o rt
h u n d re d y e a r s a fte r t h i s p e ri o d .

K i n gs o f J u d ah T h e t wo t rib e s o f J u d ah an d B e n j am i n re
.

m a i n e d u n d e r Re h obo a m b u t d u ri n g th e n e x t 255 y e a r s t h e y h a d
t we l v e k i n g s A m on g t h e s e k i n g s we re A s a w h o wa s a fa i th fu l
,

. .

ad h e re n t to t h e t e ac h i n g s o f h i s fa th e r ; E l i j ah t h e p ro p h e t m i n i s
t e re d t o t h e h o u se o f J u d ah w ri t i n g e p i s tl e s t o th e m a n d wa rn i n g
.

th e m o f th e i r so re b a c k s l i d i n g s ; I s ai a h s gre at p rop h e c i e s a n d m i n ’

i st rat i o n s too k p l ac e d u ri n g t h e l at e r y e a r s o f t h i s p e ri o d .

Th e C ap t iv it y T h e t r i b e o f J u d a h wa s t ak e n i n to c ap t i v i t y
.

606 B C ; th e y re m a i n e d s e v e n t y y e a r s i n B ab y l on
. . D u ri n g th e .

c ap t i 1 i t v D an i e l fl ou ri sh e d an d ta u gh t t h e p e op l e E z e k i e l a l so .

l i v e d d u ri n g t h e c ap t i 1 i t v a n d u t t e re d m a n y p rO p h e t i c w a rn i n g s
J e re m i a h w rot e h i s L am e n t a t i on s d u ri n g th i s p e ri o d a n d wa s i m ,

p ri so n e d by Z e d e ki a h .

Th e R e t u r n of t h e J ew s t o th e D e d i c at i o n of t h e S e c o n d Te rn
pl e . D u ri n g th e re i gn o f t h e B ab y l on i a n k i n g C y ru s h e wa s i n , ,

fl u e n c e d t o s e n d t h e p e op l e b ac k u n d e r E z ra an d N eh e m i a h t o re
\

b u i l d th e t e m p l e an d th e w al l s o f J e ru sal e m A t th i s s e c on d d e d i .

c a t i o n w e a ga i n se e th e ri gi d exa c t i on s o f th e H e b re w l e a d e r s
t h ro ugh th e re c o rd e d gen e al ogi e s o f th o se wh o we re p e rm i t t e d t o ,
S ET H A N D S H E M .
11
12 S UR N A M E B OO K .

re t u rn an d e sp e c i al l y o f t h e p ri e s t h oo d w h o w e re ag ai n p erm i tt ed
,
'

to t ak e p a rt i n th e t e m p l e c e re m on i e s T h e y e n t e re d i n to a sol e m n .

oat h t o ob s e rv e t h e l aw s o f M o s e s a n d n o t t o p e rm i t i n t e rm a rri age s

“
b e t we e n th e i r c h i l d re n a n d t h e p e op l e ab o u t t h e m; an d t h o s e w h o s e
ge n e al ogi e s c o u l d n o t b e p ro v e n w e re c a s t o u t fro m th e p ri e s t h oo d .

W e a re t ol d by E z ra T h e s e sou gh t th e i r re gi s te r a m o n g t h o s e
,

t h at w e re re c ko n e d by ge n e a l o g y b u t t h e y we re n ot fo u n d ; t h e re
,
”
fo re we re t h e y a s p ol l u t e d ; p u t f ro m t h e p ri e s th oo d ( E z ra
,

I m m e d i a te l y fol l o wi n g th i s c o m e s t h e sto r y o f E sth e r a n d h e r

m a rri age t o A rtaxe rx e s o r A h a su e ru s E z ra a n d N e h e m i ah t h e n re .

b u i l t t h e wa l l o i J e ru s al e m an d t oge th e r th ey c om p i l e d t h e c an o n o f
th e O l d T e st am e n t e n c l o s i n g t h e p rop h e c i e s of M al a c h i w h o w a s
, ,

th e l a s t o f t h e p rop h e t s .

TH E B RA EN Z SE A , O R B A P TI S M A F O N TL IN T H E TEM L E A T J ER U SA L EM
P .

P er i o d tw ee n t h e O l d an d N ew T e st ame n t s
B e T h e gap .

wh i c h ex i st e d b e t w e e n th e h i s to ry gi v e n i n t h e O l d a n d t h e N e w
T e s t a m e n t s i s s up p l i e d p a rtl y by t h e b ook s i n t h e A p o c r y p h a a n d ,

e sp e c i a l l y by fa c t s re c o rd e d i n J o s e p h u s D u ri n g t h i s p e ri o d A l e x .

an d e r v i s i te d J e ru s al e m an d c o n q u e re d t h e w o rl d Then came .

Ptol e m y wh o t ra n sp l a n te d c o l on i e s b e t we e n A l exa n d ri a a n d Cy
,

re n e i n E g y p t I n t h e y e a r 825 B C t h e S e p t u agi n t o r th e c r i t i c a l
. . .
,

ex am i n a t i o n o f t h e c ano n o f S c ri p t u re s by s e v e n ty J e w i sh sc h ol a r s ,

wa s u n d e rt ak e n a n d c o m p l e te d a t A l ex an d ri a I n t h e y e a r 200 .

B C t h e s e c t o f t h e S a d d u c e e s w a s fo u n d e d
. . J e ru s al e m wa s c on .

q u e re d fi r s t by t h e E g yp t i an s a n d l at e r by th e Ro m an s I n 16 5 B . .

C J u d a s M ac c ab e u s p u ri fi e d th e t em p l e an d i n st i t u te d th e Fe a s t
.

o f D e d i c a t i on I n 136 B C t h e P h a ri s e e s s ep a ra t e d t h e m s e l v e s a s
. . .

a s e c t a m on g s t t h e J e w s I n 110 B C t h e E s s e n e s b e c am e a d i s
. . .

t i n c t J e w i sh s e c t I n 130 B C Joh n H y rc an u s th re w o f f th e Sy r
. . .

i an y ok e an d d e c l a re d h i s p e op l e fre e C o n st an t w a rfa re e n s u e d .

u n t i l 6 5 B C wh e n Po m p e y m a d e J u d e a t rib u ta r y t o Ro m e I n
. .
, .

47 B C A n t i p at o r ap p o i n t e d by J u l i u s C ae s a r a s p ro c u ra to r m a d e
. .
, ,

h i s s o n H e ro d go ve rn o r of Ga l i l e e a n d H e ro d re b u i l t th e w al l s o f,

J e ru sa l e m I n 37 h e w a s e s t ab l i sh e d a s k i n g o f J u d e a T w e n t y
. .

y e a r s l a t e r h e re b u i l t an d e n l a rge d th e t em p l e I n th e y e a r 6 B C . . .
,
14 SURN A M E B OO K .

a c c ord i n g to som e c h ron ol ogi e s Z ac h a ri a s re c e i v e d t h e an n o u n c e

,

m e n t o f th e b i r th o f J oh n t h e B a p t i s t a n d w i t h t h e b i rt h o f o u r
,

S av i o r we c o m e to t h e c e n t ra l p o i n t i n ra c i al an d h u m an h i sto r y .

H o w t h e E art h w as P e op l ed by t h e D e sc en d an t s of N o ah .

Th e so n s o f N o ah w e re S h e m, H am an d J ap h e t h .

Sh em s son s
’
The y settl e d : Th e p ri ncipal n at i on s wh ich sp ran g
were : f rom them we re :
Elam A ss yri a A s s yrian s
A sshu r S yr ia S yri an s
A np h ax ad Pe rsia Pe rs ian s an d A rmeni an s
Lu d N orthe rn A i Lyd ian s
rica
A ram M e so potam i a Ch al dean s ( incl u d in g I s rael ite s )
Th ey settl ed : The p rinc i pal
n ation s wh ich spran g
f rom th em we re :
The continent Eth iop ian s
o 1 A f rica
"
Egyptian s
an d south L ybyan s
e rn A rabi a Canaan ite s an d Phoen ic ian s

J ap h eth son s The y settl ed

’
s
'

Th e p rinc i p al
n atio n s wh ich sprang
vv e re : f rom them we re :
Gom e r A s ia M inor Ru s si ans Germa ns Gaul s B rit
, , ,

on s an d S c yth ian s
,

M ede s an d M ongol ian s

I on ian s an d A th en i an s
U i g u ri an s ( t ypi ca l Tu rks )
I be rian s
Mu scov ite s
Th rac ian s

L O WE R .

U P P ER .

F L OO R P LA N O F T H E TEM E P R O ER
PL P ,
AT J ER U SA L EM
 D I SO B E DIE NT R ACE S D E SC E N D E D F R O M SH E M .

N o t a l l t h e d e sc e n d a n t s o f S h e m w e re o b e d i e n t t o h i s te ac h i n g s
a n d t o t h e p ri n c i p l e s o f t h e go sp el M a n y o f t h e m fe l l a wa y fro m
.

“
t i m e t o t i m e an d so m e b e c a m e gre a t n at i on s I n t h i s l e s son w e
,
.

w i l l c on s i d e r t h o s e a n c i e n t S e m i t i c n at i o n s wh i c h m i gh t b e c a l l e d
”
ge n t i l e s i n c o n t ra d i s t i n c t i o n t o o b e d i e n t S e m i t e s a ft e rwa rd s
. ,

c al l e d t h e H e b re w s .

\V e c al l t h e att e n t i o n o f t h e s t u d e n t t o t h e fa c t th at w e w i l l n ot
b e a bl e i n t h i s ra c i a l h i s to r y t o c a rr y a l on g o u r st u d i e s i n a ge n e ra l
o r wo rl d h i s to r y c h ro n ol o gi c a l o rd e r fo r t h e n a t i on s wh i c h gre w
-
.

o u t o f t h e t h re e gre a t ra c i a l d i v i s i o n s ( S e m i te s H am ite s an d Ja , ,

p h e t h i t e s) c on q u e re d a n d w e re c o n q u e re d b y e a c h ot h e r a t v a ri o u s

t i m e s a n d v e r y o ft e n u n d e r s i m i l a r c i rc u m st a n c e s H o w e v e r w e
,
.
,

s h a l l ta ke e ac h rac e d o w n c h ro n o l ogi c a l l y i n t h e v a ri o u s l e s so n s a s , ,

t h ey d e v e l op e d i n t o n at i o n s a n d l e a v e t h e st u d e n t t o j o i n to ge t h e r
.

t h e h i sto ri c a l e v e n t s i n r ev i e w q u e st i on s an d by t h e a i d of m ap s an d
a st u d y o f ge n e ra l a n c i e n t h i s to r y .

A ssy r i a U p i n t h e n o rt h e rn p a rt o f t h e v al l e y o f t h e T i gri s
.

( 2250 B C t o 600 B C ) w e re t h e A s s y r i a n s d e s c e n d an t s o f A s s h u r
. . . .
.

so n o f S h e m Ti l a t h — P i l I i n 1 1 30 B C c o n q u e re d th e so u t h e rn
g . e se r . . .
,

p rov i n c e s a n d v i s i t e d t h e wa rri n g A s s y ri a n t ri b e s S a rd a n a p a l u s .

fol l o w e d h i m a n d th e n Ti g l at h —
, P i l e se r I I c o n q u e re d B aby l o n S y ri a ,

a n d J u d e a T h e A s s y ri a n s h a d fo u n d e d th e g re at c i t y o f N i n e v e h
.
.

wh i c h fo r a l o11 g t i m e w as s i m p l y a p ro v i n c e o f B a b y l o n i a : b u t i n
.

728 B C . B a b y l o n i a w a s c on q u e re d bv a n A ssv ri an a n d pa s s e d
u n d e r A s s y ri a n c o n t ro l .

T h e A s s y ri a n s h a d l o c a l d e i t i e s e a c h c i t y h av i n g i t s o wn p at ro n
.

g od T h e y b e l i e v e d i n m a gi c ri t e s a n d i n c an t a t i o n s i n a s t rol og y :
.
.

an d t h e y w e re gre a t a s t ron o m e r s T h e fa m e o f t h e C h a l d ea n
.

s c h o l a r s a n d a st rol oge r s sp re a d t h ro u gh o u t t h e a n c i e n t wo rl d T h e y .

we re t h e m o s t c u l t u re d o f t h e v e r y a n c i e n t rac e s T h e y p o s s e s s e d .

g re a t l e a rn i n g i n a s t ron o m y a n d m a t h e m at i c s a n d a l so p atro n i z e d .

a rt a n d l i t e rat u re .

T h e e n o rm o u s m o u n d s 0 11 t h e B ab y l o n i a n p l a i n s h a v e b e e n ex
c a va t e d d u ri n g t h e l a s t s i x t y y e a r s w i t h wo n d e rfu l re s u l t s T h e
—
.

T e m p l e L i b ra ry w ri tt e n 0 11 c l a y t a b l e t s u n e a rt h e d a t N i p p u r h a s ,
,

u n c ov e re d a n e w wo rl d fo r m o d e rn s .

S e ri n ac h e ri b ( 705 B C ) a n d A s sh u r B an i Pa l ( 6 68 B C ) we re
. .
- -
.

t h e grea t e s t m on a rc h s o f N i n e ve h fo r s i x c e n t u ri e s T h e N i ne v i t e .

o r A s s ri an k i n g s ru l e d t h e E a s t from a b o u t 1100 B C t o 6 25 B C
y . . . .
16 SURNA M E B OOK .
 DI S O B E D I EN T R AC E S D ES C EN DE D FR O M S H EM . 17

— bu t i n 606 B C N i n e v e h wa s t ak e n a n d sa c k e d by t h e M e d e s a n d
. .

B a b y l on i a n s T wo h u n d re d y e a r s l ate r ( 400 B C ) X e n o p h o n w i t h
.
. .

hi s G re e k s p a s s e d th e d e sol at e sp o t o f c ru m bl i n g ru i n s an d
d i d n o t e v e n l e a rn a t t h at t i m e t h e n am e o f t h e gre a t c i t y N i n e v e h
.
.

T h e o l d B aby l o n i a n e m p i re o r Ch al d e a w a s fo u n d e d s oo n a ft e r
, ,

th e c o n fu s io n o f t o n gu e s ab o u t 2200 B C T h i s C h a l d e an e m p i re
,
. .

d e c l i n e d an d w a s i n c o rp o ra t e d i n to t h e A s sy ri a n e m p i re M e d i a .

an d Ch a l d e a o r t h e ol d B aby l o n i a n k i n gd o m s re b e l l e d agai n st t h e
, ,

A s s y ri a n s a n d b e c a m e a n i n d e p e n d e n t k i n gd o m S a rgo n I I w h o .
,
'

re i gn e d 722 B C fi l l e d t h e e a rt h w i t h h i s gl o r y H e c l a i m e d d e
. .
,
.

s c e n t f ro m t h e S e m i t i c k i n g S a rgo n I k i n g o f B ab y l o n B ab y l o n , .
,
.

wa s aga i n c o n q u e re d b y Cy ru s t h e P e r s i a n i n 538 B C ; h e e n t e re d . .

t h e fo rt i fi e d c ap i t al o f B ab y l o n a n d s ub d u e d i t .

Th e P e r si an E mp i r e
’
T h e P e r s i a n s a re d e s c e n d an t s o f S h e m s
.

so n E l a m . A fte r t h e d e s t ru c t i o n o f N i n e v e h t h e M e d e s a n d P e r ,

s i a n s w e re a m a l ga m at e d ro s e rap i d l y a n d fo u n d e d a wo rl d e m p i re
.
.

Cy ru s t h e G re a t 558 t o 529 B C b u i l t u p t h e gre at e s t e m p i re o f

,
. . ,

a n c i e n t t i m e s D a ri u s t h e Fi r s t 484 B C c o n q u e re d n o rth we st e rn
. . . .
,

I n d i a a n d t h e n w e n t o v e r i n t o E u ro p e an d u n d e rtook t o c o n q u e r t h e
G re e k s w h o h a d ri se n i n t o gre at n e s s a s a n a t i o n
,
D a ri u s w a s .

d e fe at e d a t t h e b at t l e o f M a ra t h o n 484 B C a n d d i e d H i s s o n ,
. .
,
.

X e rxe s h e a d e d a n i m m e n s e a rm y an d a tt e m p t e d t o c ro s s t h e H e l
l e spo n t a n d i n v a d e G re e c e H e t o o w a s d e fe at e d a n d i n 334 B C
.
, , ,
. . .

A l ex an d e r t h e G re a t c ro s s e d t h e H e l l e sp o n t a n d c o n q u e re d A s i a .

R ac e s i n B aby l o n I t i s p u z z l i n g t o d e c i d e wh i c h ra c e l e s so n
.

s h a l l c o n t a i n t h e h i s t o ry o f s u c h n a t i o n s a s B ab yl o n a n d E g y p t fo r ,

t h e c i ty o f B a by l o n w a s m o s t p rob a b l y s t a rt e d b y N i m ro d gra n d so n ,

o f H am a n d t h e gre a t T o we r w a s e re c t e d u n d e r h i s d i re c t i o n
,
Yet .

l at e r h e av y i n v a s i on s o f S e m i t e s t l 1 ey we re t h e d i s ob e d i e n t d e -

sc en d an t s o f S h e m — c a m e i n t o B aby l o n i a a n d S a rgon t h e fi r s t gre a t , .

k i n g o f w h o m h i s to ry s p e ak s w a s c al l e d a S e m i t i c k i n g T h e re fo re
. . .

w e s h al l i n c l u d e t h e b ri e f h i st o r y o f B ab y l on i n th i s c h a p t e r re ,

m i n d i n g o u r st u d e n t s o f t h e c o n s ta n t m ix i n g a n d i n t e rm a rri age o f
t h e s e an c i e n t p e op l e s T h e H e b re w s we re t h e o n l y an c i e n t p e op l e
.

wh o ke p t t h e i r rac i a l s t ra i n a t a l l fre e f ro m s u rro u n d i n g n a t i o n s .

A n c i e n t B ab y l o n i a L i ke th e N i l e v a l l e y t h e l o n g s t re t c h o f
.
,

c o u n t ry w at e re d by t h e T i g ri s E u p h rat e s i s d e p e n d e n t u p o n t h o s e
-

w at e r s fo r l i fe a n d p op u l at i o n .

T h e fi r s t re c o rd s o f B ab y l o n a re s e t by s c h o l a r s ab o u t 5000 B C . .

T h e M e sop ot am i a n l an d s w e re t h e n fi l l e d w i t h c i ty s ta t e s l i k e t h o s e
l a t e r fou n d i n G re e c e a n d I t a l y T h i s c h ro n ol o g y i s n o t a c c e p t e d by
.

u s b u t we p re s e n t i t h e re b e c a u s e t h e b ook s gi v e i t t h u s E a c h c i t y
, .

h a d i t s p at ro n g o d a n d wa s ru l e d by a k i n g A ga i n t h e m i n d t u rn s .

t o t h e re c o rd s o f M o s e s i n t h e fi ft h c h a p t e r o f G ei 1 e si s wh e re C a i n .

h i m s e l f b u i l t th e fi r s t c i t y a n d n a m e d i t a ft e r h i s s o n E n oc h T h e .

fi r s t k i n g n am e d by t h e s e m od e rn c l ay re c o rd s i s S a rgo n t h e Fi r st .
18 S UR N A M E B OO K .

wh o i s c a l l e d a S e m i t i c k i n g o f A ga d e ( 3700 B C ) H o w a k i n g o f . .

t h a t d at e c o u l d b e c a l l e d by h i st o ri a n s a S e m i t i c k i n g w h e n S h e m
w a s n ot b o rn u n t i l 2446 B C i s s om e t h i n g o f a m y st e r y S argon
. .
,
.

b u i l t u p a p o we rfu l st at e i n B ab y l o n i a an d exte n d e d h i s ru l i n g to
t h e M e d i t e rran e a n H e w a s a p at ro n o f l e t te r s an d e st ab l i s h e d
.

m am m ot h l ib ra ri e s o f c l a y t ab l e t s w h i c h a re th e o l d e s t an d m o s t
v a l u ab l e l i b ra ri e s o f t h e an c i e n t wo rl d . .

H am m u r ab i H ow s i gn i fi c an t a re m i n d e r o f H a m i s th e n am e
.

—H am m u ra b i wa s a fa m o u s ru l e r wh o re i gn e d ab o u t 2000 B C . .

H e wa s c o n te m p o ra r y w i t h A b ra h a m a n d n o d o u bt re c e i v e d m u c h '

o f h i s i n sp i rat i on fro m t h a t g re a t p ri n c e H e h a s b e e n i d e n t i fi e d by .

so m e w ri t e r s w i t h Ch e d o rl a o m e r w h o fo rm e d a c o n fe de rac y w i t h ,

A b rah am H a m m u rab i p ro m u l gate d a c o d e o f l a w s wh i c h i n so m e

.

re sp e c t s i s re m a rk ab l y l i k e t h e M o sa i c c o d e o f th e H e b re w s W e .

a f fi rm t h at h i s i n sp i rat i o n m u st h av e c o m e f ro m th e P at ri a rc h A b ra
h a m i n st e ad o f A b rah a m re c e i v i n g h i s fro m a p aga n k i n g to h an d
o n do w n t o h i s p o st e r it y Fo r 1500 y e a r s a ft e r H a m m u rab i B ab y l o n
.

c on t i n u e d to b e a gre a t p ol i t i c a l an d c o m m e rc i al e m p i re .

Th e A r abi a n s T h e c o u n t r y w h i c h l ay i n th a t p o rt i o n o f w e s t
.

e rn A s i a an d so u t h an d e a s t o f J u d e a w a s s e t t l e d u p — i f o n e c ou l d ,

c al l i t s e t tl e d — by t h e I s h m a e l i t e s d e s c e n d e d th ro u gh A b rah a m an d
,

S h e m an d by ot h e r t ri b e s su c h a s th e p eo p l e o f K e d a r al l o f wh o m
.
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l e d a wan d e ri n g l i fe h av i n g n o c i t i e s o r h o u s e s o r fixe d h ab i ta t i o n s
, .

b u t l i v i n g w h ol l y i n t e n t s T h e se p e op l e a re n o w c al l e d B e d o u i n s
. .

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. . , ,

e k i t e s an d th e i r b ran c h e s o f th e h o u s e of E s a u d we l t i n c o n s t an t .

c o n fl i c t Th e re a re ac c o rd i n g t o n a ti v e h i sto ri a n s t wo ra c e s o f
.
, ,

A rab s : th o s e d e s c e n d e d th ro u gh J ok t a n t h ro u gh E b e r S al ah A r , ,

p h ax a d an d Sh e m an d th o s e w h o c l a i m I sh m a e l a s t h e i r a n c e s to r
, .

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, , .

to t h e s e t ri b e s w e re so m e o f t h e d e s c e n d an t s o f L o t th ro u gh h i s t wo
so n s M oab a n d A m m on I n a n c i e n t t i m e s t h e A rab s w e r e i d ol at e r s
, .

an d st a r wo r sh i p e r s A fo rm of Ch ri st i a n i t y m a d e s om e p rogre s s
.

i n t h e t h i rd c en t u r y am on g s t t h e s e t rib e s T h e y a re n o w h o we v e r .
, ,

n om i n al l y M oh am m e d a n s b u t th e i r re l i gi o n s i t s l i gh t l y u p o n t h e m
. .

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,

a l l fo re i gn c o n t ro l th e i r an c i e n t c u st o m s a n d h ab i t s a re s t i l l re
,

t ai n e d an d t h e i r l an gu age i s c o mp a rat i v e l y t h e sa m e a s i t wa s i n
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a n c i e n t t i m e s N o t u n t i l th e y e a r 6 22 A D w a s t h e re v e r y m u c h
. . .

h i s to r y m ad e by t h i s p e op l e T h e n c am e t h e gre a t A rab i a n p rop h e t

.

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.

to s tu d e n t s H e wa s 40 y e a r s o l d w h e n h e a s s u m e d th e o f fi c e o f a
.

p rop h e t an d t e ac h e r H e t au gh t th a t b oth th e J e w i sh a n d t h e
.

Ch ri s t i a n re l i g i o u s w e re o f d i v i n e o ri gi n y e t t h a t G o d h a d gi v e n t o ,

h i m a c l e a re r an d m o re p e rfe c t re v e l a t i on I n d e e d a s h e p h ra se s i t .
.
,
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T h e re i s b u t o n e G o d a n d M oh a m m e d i s H i s p rop h e t H e gav e .
 DI S O B E DI EN T RA CE S D ES C EN DE D FR O M S H E M . 19

m an y re v e l at i on s a n d p re p a re d t h e A ra b i a n B i bl e c al l e d t h e K o ran .

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T h e s e re v e l at i o n s w e re d i l i ge n tl y re c o rd e d by t h e p ro p h e t s d i sc i
p l e s 0 11 d ri e d p a l m l e av e s a n d o n t h e sh o u l d e r b on e s o f m u t ton a n d
, ,

on e o f h i s w i v e s ke p t t h e s a c re d c h e s t i n wh i c h th ey we re p re se rv e d .

A t h i s d e at h t h e y w e re c o l l e c t e d a n d p u b l i sh e d o r w ri t te n by c o m

“
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m a n d o f h i s s u c c e s so r an d t h u s w e h av e t h e Ko ran M oh a m m e d s
,
.

t e n e t wa s a b e l i e f i n fa t e H i s h e av e n wa s a v e ry p e r so n a l o n e fi l l e d
.

w i t h b e a u t i fu l wom e n a n d i d l e m e n S a y s t h e Ko ra n : T h e swo rd .

i s t h e k ey o f h e a v e n a n d o f h e l l A d rop o f b l oo d sh e d i n t h e c a u se
.

o f G o d a n i gh t sp e n t i n a rm s i s o f m o re av a i l t h a n t w o m o n t h s o f
, .

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fa st i n g a n d p ray e r W h oe v e r fa l l s i n b at t l e h i s s i n s a re fo rgi ve n
.
,
.

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. .

s a c re d p i l gri m a ge I n 6 36 t h e S a rac e n s a s t h e m i xe d A ra b ra c e
.
,

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, ,

u l at e d .I n t h e s ev e n t h an d e i gh t h c e n t u ri e s t h e S a ra c e n s c o n
q u e re d P a l e st i n e E g y p t A n t i oc h A l exa n d ri a C a rt h age a n d p rae
, ,
, , .

t i c a l l y a l l o f A s i a I n 709 t h e M oo r s o r B arbars w e re al so s u b d u e d
. .

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th e Py re n e e s wa s c o n t rol l e d b y t h e M o h a m m e d a n s T h e y re m a i n e d
,
.

i n S p a i n fo r se v e ra l c e n t u ri e s T h e M o h a m m e d a n e m p i re ex t e n d
.

e d i n t h e e i gh t h c e n t u ry fro m w e st e rn I n d i a a n d t h e T u rki s h l an d s
, ,

to t h e A t l a n t i c so u t h o f t h e M e d i t e rra n e a n i n c l u d i n g t h e Sp a n i s h ,

p e n i n s u l a i n E u ro p e ; a n d t h ro u gh t h i s i m m e n s e regi on th e w i l l o f ,

a s i n gl e c al i p h w a s l a w f o r a b ri e f p e r i o d A t t h e c l o s e o f t h i s c e n .

t u ry t h e T u rk i s h t ri b e s w h o a re d e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e T a rt a r s a n d
,

M o n gol s a n d a re s a i d t o b e of J ap h e t i c o ri gi n w e re p re s s i n g i n t o ,

t h e A rab i a n e m p i re T h e m o s t i l l u st ri o u s A rab i an c a l i p h w h o
.

re i gn e d i n B agd a d w a s H a ro u n al R a s c h i d o f th e A ra b i an N i gh t s
fa m e w h o re i gn e d fro m 781 A D t o 805 A D
, . H e w a s a n ob l e
. . .

m on a rc h an d w a s s u rn am e d t h e J u s t H e w a s al so a gre a t w a rri o r .

a n d so u gh t al l i a n c e w i t h Ch a rl e m a gn e s e n d i n g h i m m a n y p re s e n t s , .

T h e n i n t h c e n t u ry w a s a b ri l l i a n t o n e fo r t h e M oh a m m e d a n s b u t ,

i n t h e t e n t h c e n t u r y t h e T u rk s w h o h a d b e e n h i re d b y t h e A rab s a s
,

s ol d i e r s p ro v e d s t ron ge r t h a n t h e l ux u r y c o rrup t e d A rab i an s I n

,
-
.

th i s c e n t u r y t h e T u rk s h a d c o n q u e re d P e rs i a a n d t h e T u rk s a n d
T a rt a r s soo n c o n q u e re d t h e S a rac e n s a n d A ra b s I n 106 3 A D . .

t h e T u rk s h a d ob t a i n e d co n t ro l o f A rab i a a n d o f T u rk e y i n A s i a a n d
E u rop e J e ru s al e m w a s a l s o b ro ugh t u n d e r t h e h e e l o f t h e T u rk i sh
.

e m p i re sh o rt l y aft er th i s p e ri o d ( i n
I n t h e s e l e s s o n s w e h av e n o t c o n s i d e re d t h e s t o ry o f o t h e r d e
sc e n d an t s o f S h e m s u c h a s t h e S y ri a n s a n d L d i a n s fo r t h e i r h i s
y ,

to ry i s so o n a b so rb e d by th e o t h e r n at i o n s a b o u t t h e m a n d th e re , ,

fo re w i l l n o t o c c u p y o u r a tt e n t i o n
,
.
 H AM . H IS D E S C E N D A N TS A N D TR IB E S .

T h e fi ft h c h a p t e r o f Ge n e s i s gi v e s u s t h e ge n e al ogy o f A d a m
th ro u gh C a i n T h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f Ca i n t h ro ugh o n e s o n a re c a r
.

ri e d d o w n s i x ge n e rat i o n s as w i l l b e t h e re s e e n A ft e r g iv i n g t h e
,
.

n a m e s o f L a m e c h s c h i l d re n n ot h i n g fu rt h e r i s s a i d c o n c e rn i n g
’

t h e m I t 1 5 i n t e re s t i n g t o k n o w t h at t h e w ri t e r o f G e n e s i s ( M o s e s )
.

sp e a k s of t h e fa c t th at t h e fi r s t c i t y wa s b u i l t b y C a i n an d n a m e d
f o r h i s so n E n oc h ; t h a t C a i n s so n J ab a l wa s t h e fi r s t n o m a d h e rd s
’

m a n ; th a t J u b al J ab a l s b roth e r w a s t h e i n v e n to r o f m u s i c a l i n st ru
,
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m e n t s b oth s t ri n ge d an d w i n d ; an d t h a t T ub al Ca i n w a s th e fi r s t
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art i fi c er i n b ra s s a n d m e t al s L a m e c h s ap o st rop h e t o h i s w i v e s i s
.

t h e ea rl i e s t ex am p l e o f p o e t r y ex t a n t A l l o f t h e s e fac t s w a rra n t
.

u s i n a s s u m i n g t h a t t h e re w a s a h i gh s t at e o f c i v i l i z a t i on d e v e l op e d
i n an t e d i l u v i a n t i m e s t h ro ugh t h e d e s c e n d an t s o f Ca i n a n d s i n gu l a r
, , ,

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m e tal s b e l on ge d p a rt i c u l a rl y t o t h e d e s c e n d an t s o f t h e reb e l Ca i n
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w i fe o f H a m 2448 2350 B C w h e n t h e Fl oo d o c c u rre d ac c o r d i n g

, . .
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to t h e B i b l i c a l c h ro n ol ogy .

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H a m s t h re e so n s a re c re d i t e d w i t h t h e fat h e rh oo d o f th e rac e s
wh i c h i n h ab i t e d p a rt s o f A s i a a n d n e a rl y a l l o f A fri c a

“
, .

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,

ge n e ral h i s to ry m at e ri al h e re gi v e n o f t h e so c a l l e d H a m i t i c ra c e s -
.

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.
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.

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.

t o u s o u t s i d e o f th e B i b l e p age s w e a re fa c e d by t h e ch ro n ol ogi c al
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c on j e c t u re o f m o e rn ex c a v ato r s i n E g y p t , B ab y l on i a an d A s s y ri a .

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we ak e n i n g o f o u r fai t h , f or w h i l e t h ey ge n e ra l l y u n i t e i n an n o u n c i n g
’
a c i v i l i z at i o n t h o u s an d s o f y e a r s b e fo re t h e a c c ep t e d t i m e o f A d a m s
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,

t h a t t h e s e s am e s c i e n t i s t s h av e l o n g re fu s e d t o ac c ep t an y S c rip t u ra l
h i s t o ri c al fac t s u n t i l fo rc e d t o d o so i n re c e n t t i m e s b y d i sc ov e ri e s
i n a n c i e n t re m a i n s Fu rth e rm o re c h ro n ol ogy i s a s t u dy o f m o d e rn
.
,

t i m e s Th e a n c i e n t an d m e d i ev al p e op l e s gav e l i t tl e a t t e n t i o n t o i t
. .

T h e fragm e n t a r y re c o rd s o f an c i e n t t i m e s d o n o t e n ab l e h i s to ri an s
o f o u r t i m e t o d i s t i n gu i s h c on t e m p o rary d n a s t i e s c l e a rl
y y f ro m c o n
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.

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,
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s e c u l a r o r w h a t i s c a l l e d p ro fan e h i st o r y Eg yp t wa s c a l l e d T h e
,
.

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G i ft o f t h e N i l e by t h e an c i e n t G re e k h i st o ri a n H e ro d ot u s a s t h e ,

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C at a ra c t i s m a d e fe rt i l e e n t i re l y t h rou gh t h e y e a rl y i n u n d a t i on of
t h e ri ve r N i l e T h i rt y d y n a s t i e s o f t h e S h e p h e rd k i n g s ( wh o w e re
.

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, .

p i l e d h i s l i s t i n t h e G re e k l an gua ge i n t h e t h i rd c e n t u ry b e fo re
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. .
.

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a f fi rm e d by M a n et h o fo r u p w a rd s o f 4000 y e a r s It wa s i n th e
. .

e i gh t e e n t h a n d n i n e t e e n t h d y n a st y t h a t Ram e s e s th e S e c on d re i gn e d ;
h e i s sa i d t o b e t h e P h a ra o h wh o o p p re s s e d I s ra e l T h e E g y p t i a n s .

i n t h e e a rl i e s t d a w n o f h i st o r y w e re h i gh l y c u l t u re d i n p o e t r y an d
a l l fo rm s o f l i t e ra t u re s u c h a s n ov e l s fa i ry s to ri e s ( C i n d e re l l a b e i n g
,

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.

re c o gn i z e d a s u p re m e go d O s i ri s w i t h h i s w i fe I s i s a n d e l d e s t son
. , .

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, . .

T h ey b e l i e v e d i n a fo rm o f re s u rre c t i on an d wo r sh i p e d a n i m al s .

B e l i ev i n g t h a t t h e s o u l n e e d e d t h e b o dy fo r a c on t i n u at i o n o f l i fe
a ft e r d e ath t h e y e m b a l m e d t h e i r b o d i e s so t h a t th e y sh o u l d n ot ,

p e rm a n e n t l y d e c a y T h i s l e d t o t h e c o n s t ru c t i on o f m agn i fi c e n t
.

t om b s a s t h e e t e rn a l ab o d e s o f t h e d e a d T h e e a rl i e r P h a raoh s w e re
.

h i d d e n a wa y i n th e h e a rt o f t h e p y ra m i d s E g y p t fi n al l y b e c am e .

s u b j e c t t o t h e S e m i t e p e o p l e s o f A s sy ri a i n 6 72 B C b u t a g ai n .
.

b e c a m e i n d e p e n d e n t i n t we n t y y e a r s I n 525 B C Pe r s i a wh i c h
. .
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wa s th e l a s t a n d E gyp t fi n a l l y fe l l b e fo re t h e p o we r o f t h e Ro m a n s
.

i n 30 B C S i n c e th a t t i m e E g y p t h a s p a s s e d u n d e r fi r s t o n e a n d
. .

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,

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.

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.

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.

d u e t o t h e i rri gat i on sy st e m i n sta l l e d l n th e t w o gre a t ri 1 e rs wh i c h

t rav e rs e i t : t h e E u p h ra t e s an d t h e T i g ri s C h al d ea 1s a s m al l c o u n t r1
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.

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.

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 4 S URN A M E B OO K .

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to s t al k C rop s re t u rn e d fro m 50 t o 100 fol d an d th e d ate p al m
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.
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. .
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.

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, ,

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. .
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fro m t h i s t i m e t h e Ch al d e a n h i s to r y i s l o s t o r s w al l o we d u p i n t h a t
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.

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.

p ol y th e i s m an d th at o f G re e c e i s d i s c ov e re d by st u d e n t s Ch al d e a .

wa s i n d e e d a gre at a n d m a rv e l o u s c o u n t r y .

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, .

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m a rk ab l e T h e P h o e n i c i an s w e re d e s c e n d a n t s o f H a m t h rou gh S i d on
.

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.
,

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,

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.

t ai n e d fi n al l y th e l e a d e r s h i p o v e r al l o f P h oe n i c i a Th e c i t y o f .
.

S i d o n wa s t h e o l d e s t o f t h e P h o e n i c i a n c i t i e s a n d t h e fi r s t to a tt ai n
w e al t h a n d p ow e r b u t i t w a s c o n q u e re d i n 1050 B C by t h e P h i l i s
, . .

t i n e s f ro m th e so u th e rn p a rt o f P al e s t i n e T h e i n h a b i t a n t s t ook .

re fuge i n T y re w h i c h a ft e rw a rd s b e c am e th e c on q u e ri n g c i t y T h e
, .

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f or i t . T h e y m an u fac t u re d a p e c u l i a r d y e c al l e d T y ri a n p u r p l e ,

wh i c h w a s t h e a ri sto c ra t i c c o l o r f o r th e a n c i e n t n a t i o n s T y re be .

c a m e t h e c a pi t al o f P h o e n i c i a i n t h e e l e v e n th c e n t u r y B C an d i t
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. .
,

wa s t h e k i n g o f Ty re H i ra m w h o m a d e a c o n t rac t w i t h K i n g
. .

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.

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, , ,

I s ra e l w i c k e d l y t h ro u gh h e r we a k h u sb an d Th e s e p e op l e we re .

p a ga n wo r sh i p e r s an d p ra c t i c e d h u m a n sa c r i fi c e E ac h c i t y h a d i t s .

o wn k i n g b u t al l o f th e m u n i te d i n a c o n fe d e rat i o n i n t i m e s of wa r
.

an d i n gre at n at io n al e v e n t s T h e a ri st o c rat s w e re h i gh l y e d u c at e d
.

a n d c u l t u re d an d p at ro n i z e d t h e a rt s a n d sc i e n c e s Q u e e n D i d o .
,
 HAM ,
H IS DES C EN DAN T S AN D T RI B E S . 25

wh o i n h e ri t e d t h e k i n gd o m w i th h e r b rot h e r P y gm al i o n ro s e i n ,

re v ol t aga i n s t h i m an d wh e n s h e fa i l e d i n h e r se d i t i o u s a tt e m p t s h e
.

fl e d t o A f ri c a a n d fo u n d e d Ca rt h a ge i n t h e y e a r 87 1 B C P y g . .

mal i o n s re i gn e n d e d i n 824 B C a n d P h o e n i c i a b e c a m e a d e
’
. .
,

p e n d e n c y o f A s sy ri a w h e n S e n n ac h e ri b i n v a d e d t h e c o u n t ry i n 705
B C A ga i n i n va d e d by t h e Ch al d ea n s u n d e r N e b u c h a d n e z z a r i n
. .

598 B C m o s t o f t h e c o n q u e re d P h o e n i c i a n s fl e d t o E g y p t a n d
. . ,

j o i n e d t h e i r p e op l e i n Ca rt h age T h e re m n a n t re m a i n e d u n d e r .

B aby l o n i a n s wa y u n t i l B aby l o n i a w a s c on q u e re d b y t h e P e r s i a n s
u n d e r Ca m b y s e s i n 527 B C F i n al l y A l e xan d e r t h e G re at wh o . .
, ,

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, .

a ga i n ; a ft e r t h a t P h o e n i c i a i s l o st a s a s e p a ra t e n at i o n b e c o m i n g ,

u t t e rl y s u b j e c t t o h e r co n q u e ro r s .

E t h i o p i a ( M od e r n ) A b y ssi n i a T h e l ow e r N i l e w a s o c c up i e d .

i n re m ot e s t a n t i q u i ty by s av a ge t ri b e s d e sc e n d e d fro m H a m b u t ,

o f w h o m w e k n o w n o th i n g E th i op i a w h i c h i s t h e c o u n t ry n o w

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. .

c a l l e d A b y s s i n i a w a s p e op l e d by th e d e s c e n d a n t s o f C u s h s p e l l e d
. .

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,

h i e ro gl y p h i c re m a i n s o f t h a t c o u n t r y E t h i op i a m e an s s wa rt h y .

fa c e .
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Th e re w e re t wo rac e s d e s c ri b e d b y H e ro d ot u s t h e G re e k .

h i sto ri a n ab o u t 425 B C
,
O n e w a s s t ra i gh t h a i re d t h e oth e r
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woo l l y h a i re d b o th b l a c k T h e w oo l l y h a i re d w e re d i st i n gu i sh e d
'

, .

by b ro a d fl a t n o s e s a n d v e r y t h i c k l i p s
, T h e s e p e op l e we re gra d .

u al l y s u b j e c t e d b y th e E gyp t i a n k i n g s b u t i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e ,

e igh t h c e n t u ry E t h i op i a c o n q u e re d E g y p t b u t w a s aga i n c on q u e re d . .

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. . . .
,

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.

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.

Ro m a n s i n 24 B C b u t wa s fi n al l y d e fe at e d . A p y ra m i d s t i l l .

ex i s t s wh i c h wa s b u i l t fo r o n e o f t h e s e q u e e n s I n t h e s i x t h c e n .

t u r y a ft e r C h ri s t t h e Ch ri s ti an re l i gi o n wa s a d op t e d a n d fro m t h e n .

on th e st a t e h a s b e e n c a l l e d A b y s s i n i a T h e i r re l i g i o n an d c i v i l . .

p ro c e d u re wa s a d ap t e d from t h e E g p t i an s .

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‘

, .

fo u n d e d by Q u e e n D i d o O t h e r P h o e n i c i an c ol o n i e s w e re a l re a d y

“
.

t h e re s u c h a s U t i c a a n d A d ru mm e u m Q u e e n D i d o c h o s e a p e n i n
. .

s u l a i n t h e G u l f o f T u n i s o n wh i c h t o b u i l d th e fa m o u s c i t y o f
C a rth a ge 86 9 B C T h e st o ry go e s t h a t h av i n g ob t a i n e d a s m u c h
. . .
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l a n d a s c o u l d b e c o n ta i n e d by t h e sk i n o f a n o x sh e p ro c e e d e d t o .

c u t t h e s ki n o f an ox i n to s t ri p s n a r ro w e n o u gh to ex t e n d a ro u n d
.

t h e wh o l e o f t h e h i l l u p o n w h i c h th e c i ty wa s fo u n d e d T h e c o l o n v .

p ro s p e re d t h ro u gh c o m m e rc e by s e a a n d fi n al l y t h e k i n g o f C af .

t h ag e ob t a i n e d c o n t ro l o v e r t h e n o rt h e rn c oa s t o f A fri c a Native .
.

n e g ro t ri b e s we re w o n o v e r a n d t h ro u gh i n t e rm a rri a ge t h e Ca r .

t h ag i n i a n s b e c a m e a m i x e d rac e J a p h e t i c a n d H a m i t i c T h e a rm y . .

a n d n a v y w ere s p l e n d i d l y d i sc i p l i n e d sl a v e s fo rm i n g t h e c o m m o n ,
26 S U RN A M E B O O K .

R O S ETT A S TON E D ET A I L .TH I

S S T O N E F U R N I S H ED T H E KEY TO
A N CI EN T LA N G U AGE S
.
 HA M ,
H IS DES C EN DANT S AN D T RI B ES . 27

sol d i e r s a n d s a i l o r s w i t h Ca rt h agi n i a n o f f i c e r s T h i s s m a l l b u t
,
.

h i st o ri c c i t y c a r ri e d o n a n e xt e n s i v e se a c o m m e rc e a n d G re e c e be ,

ga n t o c o ve t t h e s t ra t e gi c p o s i t i o n oc c u p i e d b y t h i s i m p o rt an t c i ty
st a te Th e C a rt h agi n i an s i n h e ri t e d th e i r re l i gi o n a n d so c i al c u sto m s
.

f ro m t h e P h o e n i c i a n s a n d p ra c t i c e d h u m a n sac ri fi c e a s d i d t h e i r ,

fo re fa th e r s M u c h l o c al h i st o ry wa s m a d e a n d re c o rd s h av e b e e n
.

k e p t so t h a t t h i s sm al l n at io n i s m o re fa m i l i a r t o t h e s c h oo l b oy
,

t o d a y t h a n t h e st o ry o f t h e g re a t k i n gd o m s o f Ch i n a an d I n d i a .

w i t h t h e G re c i a n s c o n s u m e d t h e i r t i m e an d sh a rp e n e d th e i r
e n e rgi e s fo r c e n t u ri e s Fo r 100 y e a r s S i c i l y G re e c e a n d Ca rth age
. ,

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t h e C a rth agi n i a n ge n e ral c a r ri e d w a r i n t o I t al y I n 340 B C H a n

,
. . .

n i b a l i n v a d e d I t a l y t h ro u gh th e fri e n d l y t e rri t o r y o f t h e G a u l s H e .

c ro s se d th e A l p s w i t h h i s a rm y b u t me t w i t h n o s u c c e s s a n d t h e
. ,
.

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. ,
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t ri b u ta ry t o Ro m e Th e Ca rt h agi n i an s h o w e ve r re t a i n e d a s e m
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,

t o h av e n u m b e re d i n 150 B C b u t Ro m e n e v e r c e a s e d t o
. .
,

fe a r t h e p o we rfu l k i n gd o m a l th o u gh i t wa s p ro s t ra t e
. .

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A l e x an d ri a I t w a s fo u n d e d i n 332 B C b y A l ex an d e r th e G re a t
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. .

a s a l i n k b e t w e e n M a c e d on i a a n d t h e ri c h N i l e v a l l e y Co n s e q u e n t l y .

t h e i n h a b i t an t s a t l e a s t t h e r u l i n g c l a s s e s w e re d e sc e n d an t s o f
, ,

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.

h a n d s o f t h e G re c i a n s i n A l e x an d ri a a n d i n l e s s t h a n a c e n t u r y .

A l exa n d ri a b e c a m e l a rge r t h a n C a rt h age a n d ac k n ow l e d ge d n o .

s u p e ri o r b u t Rom e N o t o n l y G re e k s fi l l e d t h e t e e m i n g c i t y b u t
.
,

J e w s flo c ke d t h e re by t h o u sa n d s t i l l t h e re w e re m o re J e w s i n t h e
,

c i t y o f A l ex a n d ri a t h a n i n t h e c i ty o f J e r u s a l e m I t b e c a m e t h e .

g re a t e s t J e w i s h c i ty i n t h e wo rl d T h e re t h e S e p t u agi n t wa s p ro
.

d u c ed T h e E g y p t i a n ru l e r s fi n a l l y ob t a i n e d c on t rol a n d a l th o u gh
.
,

A l exa n d ri a w a s n o m i n a l l y a fre e G re e k c i t y t h e m i l i t a r y a rm o f .

E g y p t re t a i n e d p o w e r o v e r i t s p ol i c i e s T h e c i t y fi n al l y p a s s e d .

u n d e r t h e Ro m a n ru l e i n 80 B C a ft e r R o m e h a d c o n q u e re d G re e c e
. .
,

a n d h a d ri s e n t o b e t h e g re a t wo rl d p o we r w h i c h s h e w a s a t t h a t .

p e ri o d I t wa s i n A l exa n d ri a t h at J u l i u s Ca e sa r i d l e d a wa y h i s
.

gre a t c a re e r w i t h Cl e op at ra i n 47 B C an d wa s m obb e d by t h e .

rab b l e H e re also M a rk A n t h o n y fe l l s u p i n e l y a t t h e fe e t o f th e
.

sa m e t e m p t re s s A l e x a n d ri a w a s a n i m p o rt a n t g ra n a r y o f Ro m e
.

an d fo r m an y c e n t u ri e s w a s o n e o f t h e wo rl d s g re a t e s t a n d m o s t ’

l ux u ri o u s c i t i e s I n t h e t h i rd c e n t u r y a fte r Ch ri st C h ri st i a n t h e o l
.
,

o g y a n d c h u rc h go v e rn m e n t w a s c e n t e re d i n A l e xa n d ri a y e t p aga n
,

l e a rn i n g st i l l fl o u ri sh e d s i d e b y s i d e i n t h a t l i b e ra l c o m m o n we a l t h .

F rom t h i s p e ri o d u n t i l th e fi ft h c e n t u r y t h e c i t y d e c l i n e d fa s t i n
28 SU R N A M E B OO K .

p op u l a t i o n an d S p l e n do r a n d i n
,
6 16 A D . i t c a.m e u n d e r t h e ru l e
of P e r s i a . I n 6 40 A D t h e A rab s w h o w e re 0 11 t h e i r co n q u e r i n g
. .

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aga i n s t t h e c i ty an d e v e n i n t h e d e c l i n e Of i t s gl o r y t h e A rab c o n
, ,

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,
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p l a c e s Of a m u se m e n t . In t h e y e a r 6 89 A D t h e S ara c e n s d e
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. .
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v o l u m e s A l ex a n d ri a rap i d l y d e c l i n e d i n i m p o rta n c e T h e b u i l d
. .

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, .

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E GY P TI A N R U L ER FR O M EGY P TI A N
. B AS -
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e rty .

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ki n g w e re v e r y d i f fe re n t i n t h e p rov i n c e s fro m w h a t t h e y w e re i n
P e r s i a i t s e l f A l th o ugh e l se w h e re h e w a s t h e typ i c al A s i a t i c so v e r

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b o we d b e n e a th t h e y ok e o f a n u n l i m i t e d d e sp ot i s m .

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gri s wa t e re d i t s fi e l d s I n t h e m o u n t a i n re gi o n th e c l i m a t e i s s e v e re
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t h e wo m e n b e a u t i fu l a n d c u l t u re d T h e i r l o v e O f l ux u r y wa s t h e i r .

fi n a l d e s t ru c t i on A b o u t 860 B C th e S y ri an s i n v a d e d th e i r c o u n
. . .

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.
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. .

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t o wh i c h t h e T e n T ri b e s w e re t ra n s p l a n t e d : a t fi r s t t h o s e b e y o n d ,

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.

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. .

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t ri b u ta ry t o t h e P a rt h i a n s O 11 t h e i r e a s t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h w h o m .

( S m i t h s B i b l e D i c t i o n a ry )
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t a i n s T h e y w e re h e a d e d b y P h rao rt e s t h e fa t h e r O f C y rax e rx es
.
, .

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c h i e f s w h o h a d h i th e rt o r u l e d v a ri o u s l y a n d i n 634 B C h e at , . .
,

ta c k e d A s sy ri a b u t w a s d e fe at e d A b o u t fi fty y e a r s l at e r h i s s o n .

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.
,

fina ll y de f eated th em A fter th e conque st O f N i n eveh C yrax erx es .

we n t O 11 h i s c o n q u e r i n g w ay b u t fi n al l y m a d e a c o m p a c t w i t h ,

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, ,

m o u s M e d o— P e r s i an d y n a s t y T h e s e l a t e r ru l e r s a n d e v e n t s a re .

re fe rre d to by t h e sa c re d w ri t e r s a s fo u n d i n J e re m i ah a n d I s a i ah . .

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e i gh t e e n y e a r s a n d o n l y by t re ac h e r y d i d t h e M e d e s r i d t h e m s e l v e s
,

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.
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s i a n s w h o w e re u p to t h e t i m e O f C y ru s p a rt l y n o m a d s ; a n d t h i s
.
,

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e ral l y i n c l e m e n t sk y w h e n h e rep re s e n te d t o h i s c o m p a n i o n s t h a t
'

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cl im ate an d the rich e s Of th e soi l W h e n a p e r so n n a m e d A r .

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s m a l l a n d m o u n t a i n o u s l a n d f o r a l a rge r a n d b e tt e r c o u n t rv C y ru s .
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fru i t s a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e m e n O f a wa rl i ke s p i ri t Th e P e r s i a n s .
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.
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l a n d an d ex e rc i s e l o rd sh i p t h a n t o c u l t i va t e p l a i n s a n d b e s l a v e s t o
. ,

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ot h e r s .
32 S URN A M E B O O K .

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T h e P e r s i an s we re d i v i d e d i n to t e n t ri b e s a n d i n t o t h re e SO ,

c i al c l a s s e s .

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l i g i o n i n i t s gre at e st p u r i t y T h e i r i sol at e d l i fe a n d t ri b a l i n d e
.

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p e n e n c e , y
e rn m en t w h i c h w e re th e n o rm a l an d p ri m i t i v e s t at e O f t h e I ran i an s
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E ast In d i a O n e Of th e d e s c e n d an t s O f J ap h e t h t h ro ugh Go m e r
.

wan d e re d w i t h so m e O f h i s t ri b e s i n to t h e v al l ey O f t h e G an ge s a s
e a rl y a s 1500 B C T h e s e fa i r S k i n n e d i n v a d e r s fo u n d so m e d e
. .
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, ,

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.
,

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n ob l e s an d wa rri o r s t h e B rah m i n s o r p ri e s t s ; w h i l e t h e n a t i v e i n
,

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, ,

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,

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to th e B rah m i n t e a c h i n g s t h e m a n w h o d o e s w e l l c o m e s b ac k o n
to t h e e a rth i n a h i gh e r c a s t e wh i l e m e n w h o d o e v i l c o m e b a c k a s
,

P a ri ah s o r a s so m e u n c l e a n an i m a l .

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B u d d h a w a s bo rn i n I n d i a an d e st ab l i sh e d a m o re e x a l t e d fo rm O f
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.
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, ,
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i n to a n i m a l s p l a n ts o r s to n e s B u d d h i s m sp re a d a l l ov e r I n d i a an d
, .

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ra c e I n l at e r c e n t u ri e s I n d i a h a s bee n t ri bu t ary a n d n ow i s u n d e r
. .

th e d o m i n i o n O f E n gl a n d .

“
Ch i n a Ch i n a wh i c h w a s n o d o u b t s e t tl e d b y J ap h e t h s d e ’
.
,

sc e n d an t s i s a s O l d a s Eg p t o r B ab l o n i a b u t u n t i l re c e n t t i m e s
y y

“
, ,

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, .
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”
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A b o u t t h i s t i m e ( 2200 B C ) i t i s s u p p o s e d t h at N o ah we a r . .
,

f e d w i t h t h e gro w i n g d ep rav i ty O f h i s d e s c e n d an t s re ti re d w i t h a
fe w se l e c t fri e n d s t o t h e re m ot e s t p a rt O f A s i a ai1 d t h e re b e gan
,

w h a t h a s s i n c e b e e n c al l e d t h e Ch i n e se m o n a rc h y I t s e a rl y h i s to r y

“
.

i s n o t c on n e c t e d w i t h t h a t O f o th e r n at i on s a n d 18 al so v e r y Ob s c u r e ,

a n d m u c h m ixe d w i th fab l e

“
.

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, ,
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h a v e fl o u ri sh e d ab ou t 500 B C . .

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’

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t h e ru l e r O f t h e c o u n t r y a b o u t B C 2852 an d fo u n d e d t h e C h i n e s e . .
,

e m p i re H e i s s a i d t o h av e t au gh t h i s p e op l e h o w t o ra i s e c at tl e
.

,
 J A P H ET H ,
H IS D E S C E N DA N T S A N D T R I B E S .

a n d t h e a rt o f w ri t i n g an d t o h av e i n t rod u c e d t h e i n st i t u t i o n o f m a r
,

ri ag e a n d t h e d i v i s i o n s o f t h e y e a r H e wa s s u c c e e d e d by S h i n .

n u n g w h o t a u gh t t h e p eo p l e a gri c u l t u re a n d m e d i c i n e T h e n c a m e
,
.

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, , , .

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, ,

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-
.

l i sh e d sc h oo l s a n d i n t ro d u c e d t h e p ra c t i c e o f p o l y ga m y
.
H e wa s .

s u c c e e d e d i n 2357 B C by h i s s o n Y a u w i t h wh o m t h e m o re c e rt ai n
. .
,

h i s to ry o f C h i n a co m m e n c e s H e re i gn e d u n t i l B C 2258 a n d
. . . ,

g rea t l y a d va n c e d t h e c i v i l i z a t i o n a n d w e a l t h O f h i s c o u n t r y an d ,

b u i l t m a n y roa d s a n d c a n a l s H i s so n S h u n s u c c e e d e d h i m a n d .

re i gn e d u n t i l B C 2207 . H e wa s a s goo d a n d w i s e a ru l e r a s h i s
. .

fat h e r I n 2207 t h e t h ro n e p a s s e d t o Y u t h e G re a t w h o fo u n d e d
“
.
,

“
t h e d y n ast v o f H i a w h i c h h e l d t h e t h ro n e u n t i l B C 176 7
. . . .

W e a l s o q u o t e f ro m t h e E n c y c l op e d i a B ri t a n n i c a a s fol lo w s :
D u ri n g Y a n s re i gn a c a ta s t ro p h e re m i n d i n g o n e o f t h e
’

b i b l i c a l d e l u ge t h re a t e n e d t h e Ch i n e s e wo rl d T h e e m p e ro r .

h e l d h i s m i n i st e r o f wo rk s K u n r esp o n s i b l e fo r t h i s m i s fo rt u n e
, , ,

p rob ab l y a n i n u n d a t i o n o f t h e Y e l l o w r i v e r s u c h a s h a s b e e n w i t
n e sse d by t h e p re s e n t ge n e ra t i on I t s h o r ro r s a re d e sc ri b e d w i t h .

p o e t i c a l ex agge rat i o n i n t h e S h u —
‘
king \Vh e n t h e e f fo rt s t o s t op .
’

t h e fl o o d s p ro v e d fu t i l e fo r n i n e y e a r s Y a u w i s h e d t o a b d i c a t e a n d , ,

h e s e l e c t e d a v i rt u o u s y o u n g m a n of t h e n am e o f S h u n a s h i s s u c
c e s s o r A m on g t h e l ege n d s to l d ab o u t t h i s s e c on d mo d e l e m p e ro r i s
.

t h e s t o ry th at h e h a d a b oa rd b e fo re h i s p a l a c e o n w h i c h e v e ry s u b
j ec t wa s p e rm i tt e d to n ot e w h at e v e r fa u l t s h e h a d t o fi n d w i t h h i s
go v e rn m e n t a n d t h a t by m e a n s o f a d ru m s u s p e n d e d a t h i s p a l a c e
,

ga t e a t t e n t i o n m i gh t b e d ra w n to a n y c o m p l a i n t th a t w a s t o b e m a d e
t o h i m S i n c e K u n h a d n o t s u c c e e d e d i n s t op p i n g t h e flo o d s h e Was
.
,

d i s m i s s e d a n d h i s s o n Y u w a s ap p o i n t e d i n h i s s t e a d P rob ab l y th e
'
.

w a t e r s b e ga n t o s u b s i d e o f t h e i r o w n a c c o rd b u t Y u h a s b e e n ,

p ra i s e d u p a s t h e n a t i o n a l h e ro w h o b y h i s e n gi n e e ri n g wo rk s , ,

sa v e d h i s p e op l e fro m u t te r d e s t ru c t i on .

T h e re a re t wo d i st i n c t rac e s i n C h i n a t h e M o n go l s a n d T a rta r s
.
.

i n t h e n o rt h Ch i n a wa s a m on a rc h y b u t a p a re n t a l o n e T h e re l i g
. .

i o u s t e ac h e r o f C h i n a w a s Con fu c i u s w h o wa s b o rn 551 B C H e . . .

d i d n ot c l a i m t o b e a p ro p h e t b u t h e t a u gh t ob e d i e n c e t o p a re n t s

“
,

a n d re v e re n c e f o r t h e a n c i e n t s w i t h i m i t at i on o f t h e i r v i rt u e s H i s .

te a c h i n g s a re a s p o t e n t i n C h i n a a s t h e B i b l e i s i n C h ri st e n do m .

”
H i s Fi v e C l a s s i c s c o n t a i n e d i n fo u r b oo k s a re t h e B i b l e o f th e
C h i n e s e T h e i n j u n c t i o n to wa l k i n t h e O l d wa y s t o O b se rv e a c e r
.
.

t a i n fo rm a l wo r s h i p o f p roge n i t o r s a n d t o re fu s e a b so l u te l y a s so ,

c i at i o n w i t h fo re i gn e rs h a v e i s ol a t e d t h e m d o w n t h ro u gh t h e c e n
,

t u ri e s .H o w e v e r w e k n o w n o w t h a t Ch i n a wa s fi l l e d w i t h sc h oo t s
,

a n d c o l l e ge s m o re t h a n a t h o u s a n d y e a r s b e fo re o u r e ra a n d t h e ,

Ch i n e s e p e op l e a re t o d a y an d a l wa y s h a v e b e e n b e t t e r e d u c at e d
, ,
34 SURNA M E B OOK .

0 1
th an an y oth e r p aga n p eop l e M ay n o t t h e i r wo r sh ip i n g c e re mo n i .

i al s fo r th e i r a n c e s to r s b e a co rru p t e d su rv i v a l of v i c a ri o u s s al va
tion ?
Greec e Th e l a s t o f th e a n c i e n t p eop l e s to l e av e p e rm an e n t i m
.

p re s s u p on t h e c i v i l i z at i o n O f t h e a ge s w a s i n so m e re sp e c t s t h e , ,

gre at e st Th e G re e k s we re d e s c e n d e d f ro m I v a n o r I on so n O f
.
,

J av an So n O f J ap h e th T h e y s c at t e re d u p a n d do w n th e M e d i t e r
,
.

ran e an an d a l o n g t h e s h o re s Of t h e H e l l e sp o n t ; y e t G re e c e p rop e r

wa s t h e i r re a l h om e T h e i r h i s to r y b e gi n s 800 B C B e fo re t h a t al l
. . .

i s m y th an d l e ge n d T h e fam o u s T roj a n wa r an d o th e r e v e n t s .

d e sc ri be d by th e t ragi c p o e t H o m e r we re fo u n de d u n q u e st i on ab l y
o n fac t s b u t j u s t wh i c h w e re fac t s an d wh i c h w e re l e ge n d s i t i s i m
,

p o s s i bl e n o w t o t e l l Sp a rta w h i c h wa s on e Of th e i r c i t i e s h a d a
.
, ,

won d e rfu l c o n s t i t u t i o n f ram e d by t h e l a w — gi v e r L y c u rgu s T h e .

Sp a rta n s i n s t i t u te d a ri gi d e d u c at i on a l sy s te m fo r th e yo ut h o f t h e
n a t i on Th e Sp a rt a n y ou th s w e re s u bj e c t e d t o a l l so rt s o f h a rd sh i p s
.

an d p ri v at i o n s an d h e n c e c a m e t h e ru l e O f S u rv i v a l O f t h e Fi t te s t
, .

A t h e n s a n ot h e r fa m o u s a n c i e n t G re c i a n c i t y wa s t h e s e at o f l e a rn
. ,

i n g an d a rt M a ny fam ou s n a m e s i n l i te ra t u re h i s to r y a rt an d g o v
.
, ,

e rn m e n t p a s s al on g th e s t re a m o f h i s to ry i n A t h e n s a n d G ree c e

p rop e r W h e n t h e P e r s i a n s c a m e ov e r t o O f f e r b at t l e to t h e A t h e n
.

i a n s a t M a rat h on M i l t i a d e s w i th st oo d th e m an d wo n th e b a tt l e
, .

I n th e se c on d exp e d i t i o n o f th e P e r si an s u n d e r X e rx e s th e Gre e k s ,

agai n d e fe at e d th e P e r s i an s P eri c l e s so n O f M i l t i a d e s b e c am e t h e .
, ,

l e a d e r O f A th e n s H e w a s a gre at ru l e r a n d e s t ab l i sh e d m an y w o n
.

d e rf u l re fo rm s an d a d o rn e d A t h e n s w i th m a st e rp i e c e s of a rt a n d
a rc h i t e c t u re S oc rat e s fl ou ri sh e d 399 B C T h e n c a m e A l ex a n d e r
. . .

t h e G re at b o rn 336 B C an d h e c on q u e re d t h e k n o wn wo rl d an d
, . .
,

”
a s h i s h i s to ri a n s say s i gh e d f o r a n o th e r wo rl d t o c o n q u e r, Th e .

l i t e ra t u re p h i l o so p h y a n d s c i e n c e O f th e G re e k s a re t h e m o s t wo n
,

d e rf u l c u l t u ral i n h e ri ta n c e s O f th e wo rl d .

R om e G re e c e l i k e t h e o th e r p aga n n at i o n s ro s e to s u p re m
. .
,

ac y th ro u gh s t ruggl e an d c iv i c v i rt u e s ru l e d th e wo rl d fo r a t i m e , .

a n d t h e n gra d u al l y s an k i n to th e m i re of l uxu r y a n d c o rrup t i on an d

wa s c on q u e re d i n t u rn by a y o u n ge r a n d m o re v i go ro u s n a t i o n t h e .

Rom an s T h e Ro m a n s a re d e sc e n d an t s O f D o d an i m i n t u rn d e
.
,

s c e n d e d fro m J av a n w h o wa s fa th e r O f th e G re e k n a t i o n I n 500
, .

B C t h e Ga u l s a b ra n c h O f t h e Ce l t i c rac e c a m e o v e r th e A l p s an d
. .
, . ,

s e t t l e d i n n o rth e rn I ta l y be c o m i n g fo rm i d a b l e e n e m i e s o f t h e i n fan t
,

rep u b l i c o f Rom e T h e L at i n s n e a r k i n d re d O f th e G re ek s i n t ro
.
, ,

d u c e d th e c u s to m s m a n n e r s b e l i e f s a n d i n st i t u t i on s o f th e G ree k s
. ,

i n to e a rl y Ro m e Ro m e gre w u p o ri gi n al l y 0 11 a s y st e m O f c i t i z e n
.

s h i p fo r fre e m e n I t wa s c al l e d a re p u b l i c b u t w a s n o t o n e a s we
.
,

m o d e rn s u n d e r st an d th e t e rm M an y fa m o u s l a w gi ve r s p re p a re d .
-

th e c od e o f w ri t te n l aw s Th e ru l e r s we re ob l i ge d t o a n s we r t o t h e .

fre e c i t i z e n s Th e re w e re w a r s w i t h th e Ce l t s w i t h th e G re e k s an d
.
, ,
JA P H ET H , H IS D ESC EN DANTS A N D TRI B ES .
36 SU RNA M E B O OK .

fi n al l y A u gu st u s Ca e s a r i n 31 B C b e c a m e E m p e ro r of a l l t h e . .

Ro m an s B y t h i s t i m e G re e c e h a d b e e n ab so rb e d by t h e Ro m an s
.

a n d Ro m e wa s v i rt u al l y m i st re s s o f t h e c i v i l i z ed wo rl d I n 6 3 B C . . .
,

t h e Ro m a n ge n e ra l Po m p e y c o n q u e re d J e ru s al e m A fte r t h at t i m e .

J u d e a p a i d t ri b u t e t o th e Rom a n s A ft e r th e c ru c i fi xi o n Of o u r .

S av i o r a n d th e p re a c h i n g o f th e Go sp e l i n Ro m e a n d o th e r Ge n t i l e
c o u n t ri e s t h e c o n v e rt e d C h ri st i an s wo r sh i p e d i n se c re t i n t h e c at a
,

c o m b s a n d b u ri al p l a c e s Of Rom e b u t fi n al l y i n t h e fo u rt h c e n t u r y
, , ,

C o n sta n t i n e t h e G re a t fi n d i n g t h e Ch ri s t i a n s h a d b e c om e a p o we r
,

fu l i n fl u e n c e al l ov e r t h e e m p i re h i m s e l f t u rn e d Ch ri s t i a n an d
, ,

i n th e y e a r 313 A D h e p l ac e d Ch ri s t i an i t y o n a n e q u a l f o ot i n g ‘

“
. .

w i t h t h e o t h e r re l i gi on s O f t h e e m p i re S u b se q u e n t l y h e m a d e .

Ch ri s t i an i t y t h e st ate re l i gi o n a n d a s w e a re to l d b y M y e r s t h e h i s
to ri a n : T h i s m a rk s t h e b e gi n n i n g o f t h e gre a t p o s s e s s io n s o f t h e
Ch u rc h a n d w i t h t h e s e t h e e n t ra n c e i n to i t Of a wo rl d l y S p i ri t
,
.

F ro m t h i s m o m e n t c an b e t rac e d t h e d e c ay o f i t s p ri m i t i v e si m p l i c
”
i ty an d a d e c l i n e f ro m i t s e a rl y m o ra l st an d a rd P a ga n c e re m o n i e s .
,

wo r sh i p an d h o l i d ay s we re d i sgu i s e d a n d t ra n sfe rre d i n to t h e

Ch ri st i a n ri t e s a n d t h u s c o rru p t e d b e c a m e re l i gi o u s p rac t i c e s
,
.

I n th e y e a r 376 A D t h e Go t h s w h o w e re a b ran c h o f t h e
. .
,

T e u ton i c ra c e fo rm e d a n a l l i a n c e w i t h t h e Ro m a n E m p e ro r V a l e n s
,

an d b ec a m e a l l i e d to th e Rom a n s t at e T h e s e we s te rn Go th s h a d .

b e e n t e rri fi e d by a t e rri fi c o n s l au gh t o f t h e H u n s w h o w e re a m o n ,

s t ro u s rac e o f fi e rc e n o m a d i c h o r s e m e n fro m t h e v a s t s t ep p e s o f As i a .

B ot h e a s te rn a n d w e s t e rn Go th s c row d e d t o t h e b an k s O f th e D an
u b e an d p l e a d e d t h at t h e y m i gh t b e al l o we d to ke e p t h e ri v e r be
t we e n th e m s el v e s an d t h e d re a d e d H u n s b u t a s soo n a s th e Go t h s ,

h a d re c e i v e d p e rm i s s i o n t h e E m p e ro r V al e n s f ri gh t e n e d o u t by ,

t h e i r n u m b e r s ri ske d a b a tt l e w i t h t h e m t o c o n q u e r th e m H e wa s
, .

S l a i n i n 378 A D F rom t h i s t i m e th e fo rm at i o n Of k i n gd o m s a n d
. .

n a t i on s on t h e E u rop e a n c on t i n e n t h a d i t s i n c e p ti o n Ro m e a s t h e .

m i st re s s o f th e wo rl d w a s ab o u t to b e c a s t f ro m h e r p ro u d e m i n e n c e .

’
D a n i e l s v i s i o n o f t h e i m age w a s n e a ri n g f ul fi l m e n t ; t h e to e s Of t h e
i m age w e re s h ap i n g i n to th e n at i on s wh i c h n o w oc c up i e d E u
rop e .

T h e re a re t h re e p e ri o d s O f h i s to r y : a n c i e n t m e d i ev a l an d m o d ,

e rn A n c i e n t h i st o ry b e gi n s w i t h t h e b e gi n n i n g O f l i fe u p o n t h e
.

e a rth a n d e n d s w i th t h e fa l l O f t h e Ro m a n e m p i re M e d i e va l h i s
.
.

to r y b e gi n s w i t h th e i n t ro d u c t i o n Of C h ri st i a n i t y i n t o Ro m e an d
e n d s w i t h t h e Re fo rm at i o n Fro m t h e c lo s e O f t h e p e ri o d o f th e
.

Re fo rm at i o n i n 16 00 w e h av e m o d e rn h i s to ry .

Th e C h r i st i a n E ra A t th e t i m e O f th e S av i o r a l l E u rop e n o rt h
.

O f t h e P y re n e e s w a s i n t h e h a n d s O f t h e C e l t s a n d t h e Got h s— p a
gan s al l I n t h e y e a r 400 A D E u rop e w a s d i v i d e d i n to t h e E a s
. . .
,

t e rn an d W e s te rn e m p i re s T h e E a ste rn e m p i re e xt e n d e d fro m th e
.

l o we r D an u b e to t h e c o n fi n e s o f P e r s i a T h e w e s t e rn e mp i re e x .
 R A C IA L B E G IN N I N G S I N E U R O P E .

W e h av e c o n s i d e re d i n p re c e d i n g c h ap t e r s t h e p rob ab l e o rig i n
’
O f t h e T e u to n i c o r G e rm an i c rac e s an d t h e i r d e s c e n t f ro m N o a h s
,

so n J ap h e th . So m e h i sto ri an s agre e w i t h t h e i d e a o th e r s t h i n k ,
'

S h e m wa s t h e i r a n c e s to r an d s t i l l o t h e r s i n d i c at e a m i xt u re W e
,
.

k n o w fro m m o d e rn rev e l a t i o n s th a t t h e b l oo d o f I s ra e l i s s c at t e re d
th ro u gh t h e v a ri o u s ra c e s a n d t rib e s w h i c h i n h ab i te d c e n t ra l a n d
n o rth e rn E u rop e .

R o me . J u s t b e fo re t h e Ch ri s t i a n e ra Ro m e b e c a m e t h e ru l i n g,

p owe r O f we s t e rn a n d sou t h e rn E u rop e T h e Ro m a n s th e m s e l v e s

“
.

( Ge n t i l e p e op l e ) h a d c on q u e re d t h e G re c i a n s ; b ot h of t h e s e d e
s c e n d e d f ro m 10 11 o r J av a n so n o f J ap h e t h T h e p e op l e s o f S p a in
,
.
,

M e d i a I ta l y G re e c e — t h e s e w e re al l J ap h e t i c t ri b e s
, , ( Sm ith s .
’

O l d Te s ta m e n t H i s to r y p age s 59 ,
Ro m e wa s i n v a d e d by t h e
b a rb a ri a n T e u ton i c t ri b e s i n t h e fi fth c e n t u r y b u t re m a i n e d e s s e n ,

t i al l y c i v i l i z e d ,
a s th e s u p e ri o r L a t i n c i v i l i z a t i on d o m i n ate d th e
Te u ton i c i n fl u e n c e s m o re p a rt i c u l a rl y i n I t al y S p a i n an d G re e c e
, ,
.

C h r i st i an E ra T h e re i s p ra c t i c a l l y n o E u ro p e a n h i s t o ry e x
.

c ep t Ro m a n h i s to ry t i l l 750 B C t h a t i s s ev e ra l c e n t u ri e s b e fo re
. .
, ,

th e C h ri s t i a n e ra Ro u gh l y s p e ak i n g t h e Ro m an s ru l e d t h e c i v i l
.
,

i z e d wo rl d a t th e op e n i n g o f t h a t e ra T h e v a ri o u s T e u to n i c t ri b e s
.
,

c al l e d by v a ri o u s n a m e s a s th e y s p l i t u p a n d i n h ab i t e d v a ri o u s p a rt s
of n o rt h e rn a n d c e n t ral E u rop e c o n t ro l l e d c e n t ra l E u rop e f ro m
,

t h e R h i n e r iv e r t o t h e V i st u l a w h i l e t h e Ce l t s l i v e d i n G re at
,

B ri t a i n an d t h e w e s te rn c o a s t s O f E u rop e .

T h e s e p e op l e s fi n al l y s c a t t e re d an d i n t e rm i n gl e d by m a rri age
a n d b u s i n e s s a s so c i a t i o n s Cae s a r i n v ad e d G re at B ri t a i n an d c e n
.

t ral E u rop e fi fty ye a r s b e fo re t h e S av i o r s b i rt h

, T h i s e v e nt ’
.

c h an ge d t h e w h ol e c o n t i n e n t an d g ra d u al l y c i v i l i z e d b a rb a ri a n
p rac t i c e s th ro ugh t ra d e a n d s oc i a l c u sto m s T h e Ro m an ge n e ral s
, .

m a d e ex te n s i v e u s e o f G e rm a n s ol d i e r s ; t h i s t e n d e d t o sp re a d R o
m a n c u sto m s a n d i n t e l l i ge n c e I t w i l l b e i n t e re st i n g t o t ra c e t h e
.

E u rop e an t ri b e s b ri e fl y .

Th e N o rth e r n E u r op ea n R ac es .

Th e C e l t s or C ymbri
T h e Ce l t s w h o o v e rran t h e c e n t ral a n d
.

we s te rn p a rt O f E u rop e i n t h e d aw n o f E u rop e a n h i s to r y ( 1 e t h e . . .

fi r s t c e n t u r y o f o u r e ra ) s e t tl e d i n G a u l n ow F ra n c e S w i t z e rl a n d ,

an d G re at B ri t a i n T h e y w e re a m ixe d p eop l e a s e v i d e n c e d by th e i r
. ,

d i f f e ri n g c om p l ex i on s a n d c h a ra c t e ri st i c s O n e b ran c h wa s d a rk .
 RA C I A L B EG I N N I N G S IN E U R OPE . 39

w i th b roa d fa c e s b ro a d h e a v y n o se s h a z e l gra y ey e s an d l i gh t
, . ,
-

c h e s tn u t h a i r T h e se p e op l e we re t h i c k s e t a n d o f m e d i u m h e i gh t
. .

wi t h ro u n d b u l l e t s h a p e d h e a d s T h e o th e r b ra n c h wa s d i s t i n gu i sh e d
,
-
.

by l on g fac e s l on g h e a d s n a rro w aq u i l i n e n o se s b ro a d e y e s an d
. , , ,

v e ry l i gh t h a i r : t h e s e p e op l e w e re t al l a n d m u sc u l a r c o u rage o u s , .

p i t i l e s s y e t re a s on ab l e an d sa n e
, .

B r i t o n s P i c t s an d S c o t s
,
111 G re a t B ri t a i n t h e Ce l t s we re s u b
.

d i v i d e d i n t o B ri to n s w h o s et t l e d i n W a l e s P i c t s an d Sc ot s wh o
. , ,

fi r s t s e t t l e d i n I re l an d a n d t h e n w e n t o v e r i n to S c ot l a n d T h e Ce l t s .

fo u n d a n i n fe r i o r s av age ra c e i n h ab i t i n g G re at B ri ta i n wh e n t h e y
fi r s t took p o s s e s s i o n T h e c h a ra c t e ri st i c s o f t h e fa i r h a i re d Ce l t s
.
-

re s e m b l e gre a t l y t h e T e u t on i c p e op l e s i n t h a t a l l w e re fe a rl e s s .

re c kl e s s i n b a t tl e ru d e i n S p e e c h a n d m an n e r ; t h e y h a d a h i gh
,

se n s e o f h on o r a n d a m a rk e d re sp ec t f o r w o m e n a n d c h i l d re n .

T h e y w e re p aga n s a n d wo r s h i p e d w i t h h u m a n sac ri fi c e s ; t re e s w e re
t h e i r t e m p l e s a n d t h e y b e l i e v e d i n a n d wo r sh i p e d b o t h m al e a n d f e
,

m al e d e i t i e s T h e G a u l s w e re a b ra n c h O f t h e C e l t i c ra c e wh i l e an
.
.

i n v a s i o n by t h e m O f n o rth e rn I t al y fi ve h u n d re d y e a r s B C l e ft . .

t h e m i n I ta l y t o h a ra s s a n d d i s t re s s t h e m o re p e ac e fu l Ro m a n s fo r
c e n t u ri e s .

O f a s e p a ra t i o n o f t h e C e l t s fro m t h e o th e r A r y a n s o r I n d o
E u rop e a n s a n d t h e i r e a rl y m i gra t io n s t o we st e rn E u ro p e n o re c o rd
, .

h a s c om e d o wn ; t h e s to ri e s ab o u t M i l e s i a n c o l on i e s i n I re l a n d a n d ,

m i g rat i o n s fro m T roy i n t o \Va l e s b e i n g s i m p l y m on k i s h fi c t i on , .

Th e H u n s w h o l a t e r o v e rra n p a rt s o f w e s t e rn E u rop e we re
, ,

A s i a t i c T a rt a r o r p e rh a p s M on go l i a n s to c k a k i n t o t h e S c y t h i an s .

an d T u rk s T h e s e fi e rc e n f arau d e rs ov e rra n E u rop e i n e a rl y c e n

.

t u ri e s
. T h e y w e re a l m o st b l ac k o f sk i n w i t h b roa d s h o u l d e r s fl a t , ,

n o s e s a n d s m a l l b l a c k ey e s b u ri e d i n t h e i r h e a d s ; a l m o s t d e s t i t u te
of b e a rd s t h e y h a d a fe ro c i o u s exp re s s i o n a n d w e re d e v o i d o f a l l
,

g rac e s T h e s e w e re th e e n e m i e s O f t h e Go t h s a n d V i s i got h s
.
-
.

Th e Te u t o n s T h e T e u t on i c rac e w h i c h c ro w d e d o u t a n d fi n a l l y
.

o b l i t e rat e d o r ab so rb e d t h e C e l t s e v e r y wh e re may b e d i v i d e d i n to t h e
S c a n d i n av i a n s G ot h s a n d N o rm a n s w i t h t h e i r d i st an t l y re l at e d
,

t ri b e s t h e G e rm a n s o r Sa xon s th e A n gl e s an d t h e F ra n k s I n s h o rt
, , . . .

a l l t h e d we l l e r s o f n o rth e rn E u rop e e xc e p t p a rt Of t h e R u s s i a n s t h e .

Po l e s a n d T u rk s a re i n c l u d e d i n t h e T e u to n i c rac e s B e fo re th e .

Ch ri s t i a n E ra t h e s e t ri b e s w e re a t fi e rc e wa r w i t h e ac h o t h e r i n a l l
t h e c o u n t ri e s o f n o rth e rn E u rop e T h e N o r s e m e n d we l l i n g i n t h e .

S c an d i n av i a n p e n i n s u l a w e re s e a p i ra t e s a n d p re y e d u p o n t h e m o re ,

p e ac e fu l a g ri c u l t u ra l i n h ab i ta n t s i n th e G e rm a n i c a n d E n gl i s h s e a
p o rt to wn s a n d v i l l age s T h e O s t ro go th s a n d V i s i got h s ra va ge d
.
- -

a l l o f n ort h e rn E u rop e fi n al l y e n t e ri n g I t a l y a n d S p a i n c on q u e ri n g
, .

a s th ey w e n t .

Th e G o t h s V i s i go t h s w e re w e st e rn Go t h s O s t ro go th s we re
.
-
,
-

ea s t e rn Go t h s a n d al l b e l o n ge d to t h e T e u to n i c ra c e S o m e w ri te r s
, .
40 S U R NA M E B OO K .

a s c ri b e th e m t o t h e S c a n d i n av i a n a n d so m e t o t h e C e l t i c
b ra n c h e s o f t h e T e u to n s T h e y i n h ab i t e d c e n t ra l E u rop e d u ri n g t h e
.

fi r s t c e n t u r y o f th e Ch ri s t i a n e ra a n d fo u gh t w i th e ac h ot h e r al s o ,

w i t h t h e Ro m a n s a n d w i t h t h e i r s wo rn e n e m i e s th e c rue l H u n s
, . .

T h e y w e re a l l p agan s b u t b e c a m e c o n v e rt e d to Ch ri st i a n i t y i n t h e
,

fo u rt h c e n t u ry .

S c an d i n av i an S u bd i v i si o n s T h e S c an d i n av i a n s w h o se ttl e d
.

i n t h e n o rth e rn p e n i n s u l a b y fo rc e o f b at t l e a re c a l l e d D a n e s
, , ,

S we d e s an d N o rw e gi a n s T h e d i f f e re n c e i n th e c h ara c te r i n t h e s e
, .

t h re e p e op l e s i s v e ry m a rk e d to o n e fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e ra c e s b u t ,

c e rta i n c o m m o n c h a rac t e ri s t i c s u n i t e t h e m al l To t h e s e S c an d i n a .

v i an ra c e s m u s t b e a d d e d t h e i n h ab i ta n t s o f I c e l a n d an d Fi n l a n d .

G eo l o gi st s p l a c e th e b e gi n n i n g o f l i fe u p o n t h e S c a n d i n av i a n
p e n i n s u l a b a c k i n t h e e a rl y s to n e a ge w h e n i t i s s a i d th e y w e re , , ,

c av e m e n a n d s av age s Co m i n g u p th ro ugh t h e b ron z e age an d

.

t h e n t h e i ro n age h i s to ri a n s a re n o t q u i t e s u re b u t w h at a n o t h e r
,

rac e o f p e op l e c a m e i n to fo rm t h e V i k i n g a ge T h e Te u to n i c ra c e .

i s p l ac e d i n i t s b e gi n n i n g s a t 5000 B C b u t th a t i s p u re gu e s s wo rk .

a s to d at e s C e rt a i n i t i s t h a t by t h e C h ri st i a n E ra th e S c an d i n a
.

v i a n rac e a s s u c h h a d c o nq u e re d an d i n h ab i t e d th e bgre at e r p o rt i o n
, .

O f N o rwa y S w e d e n D e n m a rk Fi n l a n d an d N o rt h e rn R u s s i a
, , . .

G e r ma n S u b d i v i s i o n T h e G e rm an s o r S axo n s wh o o c c up i e d
.

i n t h e e a rl y C h ri st i an e ra al l t h a t c o u n t ry n o rt h O f th e Rh i n e an d ,

D a n ub e a re a b ra n c h o f t h e T e u to n i c rac e
,
.

’
Th e G e rm an i c p e op l e s h i st o ry b e gi n s w i t h Ca e sa r s i n v a s i o n O f
’

Ga u l 59 B C th e s am e t i m e th at B ri t i sh an d T e u to n i c an d
, .
e

Gal l i c h i sto r y ri se s o u t o f t h e m i s t s o f an t i q u i t y T h e re i s n o re a s o n .

i n th e s e h i s to ri c a l fac t s t o d o u b t t h e i d e a gi v e n i n o u r fi r s t l e s s on
t h a t t h e T e u to n s w e re i n p a rt d e sc e n d e d fro m t h e Te n T ri b e s O f I s
rae l I n a n c i e n t t i m e s t h e R i v e r Rh i n e d i v i d e d t h e G a u l s a n d G e r
.

m a n s ( G e rm an i i o ri gi n al l y d e n ot e d c e rt a i n C e l t i c t ri b e s w h i c h h a d
.

c ap tu re d t h e e a rl i e r s av a ge rac e s ) B y t h e y e a r 286 A D th e . . .
.

Got h s an d F ra n k s h a d fo u n d e d k i n gd o m s w i th i n t h e R o m a n e m p i re .

I n t h e S ixt h c e n t u r y t h e F ra n k s F ri s i a n s S axon s an d B av a ri a n s . ,

we re s t ru ggl i n g wi t h e a c h o th e r an d w i t h t h e s u rro u n d i n g t ri b e s .

T e ut o n s i n C h ar l e m a gn e s R e i g n B y 486 A D h o w e v e r t h e
’
. .
.
, ,

F ran k s u n d e r t h e i r gre a t l e a d e r Cl ov i s s u c c e e d e d i n de fe at i n g t h e
, ,

Rom an ge n e ral a n d i n e s t ab l i sh i n g F ra n c e a s a se p a ra t e an d d i st i n c t
m o n a rc h y ; a n d fro m th at t i m e t h e i r h i sto r y i s s ep a ra t e fro m th e
G e rm a n n at i on .

O u r k n owl e dge O f t h e e a rl y Ge rm a n s i s d e r i v e d m o st l y f ro m
C a e s a r an d T a c i t u s T h e y a re d e sc ri b e d by t h e s e w ri t e r s a s a v i g
.

o ro u s an d w a rl i ke ra c e O f gi gan t i c s t at u re w i t h fi e rc e b l u e e y e s a n d
. ,

l on g y e l l ow h a i r s i m p l e i n th e i r soc i al a n d p o l i t i c a l l i fe an d i n
. ,

s p i re d w i t h t h e s p i ri t o f l i b e rt y an d i n d e p e n d e n c e T h e y d i f f e re d .

from th e m o re c i v i l i z e d Ro m an s i n th e i r m a n n e r s an d c u s to m s i n
’

,
 RA C I A L B E G I N N I N G S I N E U R O P E . 41

t h e i r p o l i t i c a l o rga n i z a t i on t h e i r l a w s a n d t h e i r re l i gi o n T h e y h a d
, ,
.

n o gre a t c i t i e s 11 0 s p l e n d i d a rc h i t e c t u re n o fi n e w o rk s o f l i t e ra t u re
, ,

n o n e o f th e m a rk s O f a h i gh c i v i l i z at i o n T h e y w e re i n fa c t i n t h a t
.
, ,

p ri m i t i v e s tage o f p ro gre s s i n w h i c h b o t h Ro m an s a n d G re e k s
we re a t t h e b e gi n n i n g o f t h e h i s to ri c a l p e ri o d Th e i r m o s t st ri k i n g.

c h a ra c t e ri st i c s w e re t h e i 1 l ov e o f l i b e rty a n d t h e i r a ggre s si v e sp i ri t
an d p e r so n a l l oy al ty T ac i t u s t e l l s u s t h a t th e i r c h i e f s ru l e d b y p e r
.

s u a s i o n ra th e r t h a n by a u th o ri t y T h e c h i e f w a s wo n t t o s u rro u n d
.

h i m se l f w i t h a fo l l o w i n g ‘
c om i t at u s o f y o u n g m e n w h o v ol u n
’
,

t a ri l y a t ta c h e d t h e m se l v e s t o h i m a n d s h a re d i n h i s d a n ge r s an d
,

gl o ry T h o u gh fo n d O f fi gh t i n g a n d d ri n k i n g t h e e a rl y G e rm a n s
.
,

h a d a re sp e c t fo r wo m e n a n d w e re d e v o t e d t o a p u re fa m i l y l i fe
,
.

A n g l e s a n d S ax o n s Th e
. T e u to n i c t ri b e s O f th e l o we r E l b e
and VV e sse r o n t h e c on t i n e n t — t h a t i s t h e A n gl e s a n d S axo n s a s
,

we l l a s t h e J u t e s t h e m s e l v e s d we l t i n fi e rc e t ri b a l c on fl i c t w i t h e ac h
,

o th e r b e fo re j o i n i n g i n v a ri o u s a tt ac k s u p o n th e B r i t i sh I sl e s T h e .

S axo n s we re a fi e rc e u n c i v i l i z e d rac e Of p a ga n b e l i e f a n d l i k e t h e i r
, ,

a s s o c i at e s m a i n ta i n e d t h e v i rt u e s o f h o n o r c h a s t i ty a n d t ru th ful n e s s
,

a s a p a rt o f t h e i r c o m m o n h e ri ta ge .

Th e J ut es o r D a n es T
. h e J u t e s o r D a n e s c am e fro m th e c e n

t ra l p o rt i o n O f D e n m a r k an d l i ke t h e ot h e r S c a n d i n av i a n t ri b e s
’

, .

we re a fi e rc e p i ra t i c a l ra c e ; i n c o m m o n w i t h t h e T e u to n s t h ey h a d a
gre at p e r so n al wo rt h — t h e i r f re e i n d e p e n d e n t S p i r i t a n d t h e i r u n
,

b o u n d e d c ap ac i t y fo r g ro w t h fo r c u l t u re an d fo r a c c o m p l i sh m e n t
,

m a d e o f t h e m a n a d ap t ab l e p e op l e .

N o rt h m e n , N o r se m e n S c an d i n av i an s a re
, i f f e re n t n a m e s ap d
p l i e d i n a ge n e ra l wa y t o t h e e a rl y i n h ab i t a n t s o f D e n m a rk N o r wa y ,

an d S we d e n F o r t h e re a s o n t h a t t h o s e m ak i n g s e t tl e m e n t s i n E n g
.

l a n d c a m e f o r th e m o s t p a rt f ro m D en m a rk , t h e t e rm D a n e s i s o ft e n
u s e d w i t h t h e s a m e w i d e a p p l i c at i on by t h e E n gl i s h w ri t e r s T h o s e .

p e op l e fo rm e d t h e n o rth e rn b ra n c h O f t h e T e u to n i c fa m i l y .

Fo r t h e fi rs t e i gh t c e n t u ri e s o f o u r e ra th e N o rs e m e n a re p rae
t i c al l y h i d d e n fro m o u r V i e w i n t h e i r re m o t e n o rt h e rn h o m e ; b u t
t o w a rd s t h e e n d O f th e e i gh t h c e n t u ry th e i r b l ac k p i ra t i c a l c ra ft s
a re t o b e s e e n c re e p i n g a l o n g t h e c o a st s o f B ri ta i n I re l a n d an d , ,

G au l a n d e v e n v e n t u ri n g fa r u p th e i n l e t s a n d c re e k s Soo n a l l
, .

th e sh o re s O f th e c o u n t ri e s v i s i t e d w e re d o t t e d w i t h th e i r s t a t i o n s
a n d se t tl e m e n t s W i th a fo oth ol d o n c e s e c u re d f re s h b a n d s c a m e
.
, .

a n d t h e st a t i o n s i n t i m e gre w i n to p e rm an e n t c o l o n i e s T h e s e m a .

rau d i n g ex p e d i t i o n s a n d c ol on i z i n g e n t e rp ri s e s d i d n o t c e a s e u n t i l
”
l a t e i n th e e l e v e n t h c e n t u r y .

I t i s s a i d th a t t h e m o s t n o t e wo rt h y c h a ra c t e ri s t i c O f th e s e

“
N o rth m e n w a s t h e re ad i n e s s w i t h wh i c h t h e y l a i d a s i d e th e i r o w n
m an n e r s h ab i t s i d e a s a n d i n s t i t u t i on s a n d a d op t e d t h o s e O f t h e
. , ,

c o u n t ry 111 wh i c h t h e v e s tab l i sh e d th e m se l v e s : th a t i n R u s s i a t h e y
42 S U RN A M E B O O K .

b e c a m e R u s s i an s ; i n F ra n c e Fre n ch m e n ; i n I t al y I t al i an s ; i n E n g
, ,
”
l a n d E n gl i sh m e n
. .

T h e c on q u e ro r s o f B ri t a i n b el o n ge d t o t h re e T e u ton i c t ri b e s
th e A n gl e s S axon s a n d J u t e s b u t a m on g t h e C e l t s th ey al l
. , ,

p a s se d u n d e r th e n am e o f S axon s an d a m o n g th e m se l v e s afte r th ey
, ,

b e gan t o d raw t h e m s e l v e s t oge t h e r i n t o a S i n gl e n at i o n u n d e r th at ,

O f A n gl e s wh e n c e t h e n a m e E n gl an d ( A n gl e l a n d )
,
-
.

Th e N o rman su T h e N o rm an s w h o l at e r c a m e i n to E u rop e w e re
tran s formed S can d in avi an s who h ad settl ed i n northe rn Gaul as France ,

wa s cal l ed at that time .

The h i story O f th e N orm an s i s s impl y a cont inuation O f the s tory

O f t h e N o rt h m en T h e N o rth m e n b e gan t o m a ke p i ra t i c al d e s c e n t s
.

u p on th e c o ast o f Gau l be f o re th e en d o f th e re ign o f Charlemagne .

That great kin g h ad b ee n d ead o nly th i rt y years wh en these s ea rove rs

a s c e n d e d t h e S e i n e a n d sa c k e d P a ri s 845 A D Ch a rl e s t h e S i m p l e , . .

granted to Rollo th e l eade r o f th e N orthmen wh o had settled at Rou en

, ,

a l a rge s ection o f countr y in th e north o f Gaul upo n cond ition s o f ,

-

h om age a n d c o n v e r s i on I n a s h o rt t i m e t h e n e wc o m e r s h a d
.

a dop t e d t h e l a n gu age th e m an n e r s an d t h e re l i gi o n O f t h e F re n c h
, , ,

a n d h a d c a u gh t m u c h O f t h e i r v i v ac i t y a n d i m p re s s i v e n e s s w i t h o u t , ,

h ow e v e r an y l o s s o f th e i r o w n n a t i v e v i rt u e s T h i s t ran s fo rm a t i o n .

“
,

w e may c o n c e i v e a s b e i n g re c o rd e d i n t h e i r t ra n s fo rm e d n a m e
N o rth m e n b e c om i n g so ft e n e d i n t o N o rm an .

The e stabl i shment o f a S cand inavi an settlement i n Gaul p rove d a

mo m e n to u s ma tt e r n ot o n l y fo r th e h i sto r y o f t h e F re n c h p e op l e b u t
, ,

fo r th e h isto r y o f Eu rope an c iv il izat ion a s wel l Thi s N orse factor was .

d est ined to be on e O f th e most im p ortan t o f al l th ose va riou s raci al

e l e m e n t s w h i c h o n t h e so i l O f Ol d G au l b l e n d e d to c re a t e th e ri c h l y
dowe red French n atio n France i s i ndebted to the adventu rou s sp i r it
.

o f the descend ants O f the s e wil d rov ers o f the sea for m any O f the most
romanti c p assage s o f h er h i stor y Th e kn ights o f N orman d y lent an .

add e d S pl e n dor to French knighth oo d an d h e l pe d greatly to make ,

France th e h ea rt O f ch ival r y an d the cente r o f the c ru sad ing movement

o f th e el eve nth an d twel fth centu rie s N or was th e influence O f th e .

incom ing o f the S can d inavi an race lo st u p on French h i st o ry No r .

man d y became th e point o f departu re O f ente r p ri s e s that had deep and

l a s t i n g c on s e q u e n c e s fo r E u rop e at l a rge T h e s e u n d e rt ak i n g s h a d .

”
for the i r a ren a Englan d an d th e M edi te rrane an l an d s ‘

Th e T u r k s wh o b e c a m e a E u rop e a n n at i o n i n t h e s e v e n th c e n t u
r
y a re n o t o f th e sa m e t ri b e a s th e A rab s w h o oc c u p i e d A rab i a i n

A s i a T h e T u rk s a re p rob ab l y o f T a rt a r o ri gi n so c o n c e d e d b y mo d
.
,

e rn w ri te r s w h i l e t h e T a rt a r s a re O f M on gol i a n o ri gi n T h e A rab s
, .

t h e m s e l v e s wh e n O f p u re d e sc e n t a re d e sc e n d e d fro m A b rah am
, ,

th ro u gh I s h m ae l an d t h ey h av e oc c u p i e d th e A rab i an p e n i n s u l a f ro m
th e e a rl i e s t kn o wn t i m e T h e l i n e ru n s b ac k i n t h i s w ay : N ah o r
.
,

Te ra h A b ram ( b y H aga r ) I s h m a e l N e b aj o th ( an d h i s s i s t e r B a s h e
, , ,
 RA C I A L B E G I N N I N G S I N E U R O P E . 43

m a t h wh o m a r ri e d E s au ) K e d a r A b d e e l M i b s a m M i s h m a D u
'

, , , , , ,

m ah M a s sa h H a d a r T e m a J e t u r N a p h i s h K e d e m ah t h e 12
‘

. , , , , , .

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I s ra e l i t e s a n d E d om i t e s ( G e n .

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.

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.

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ri gh t s S w a rm s O f u n d e r —l o rd s a n d fu n c t i o n a ri e s we re m a i n t a i n e d
. .

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.

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,

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.

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’

n e c e s s i t y t o p rov i d e h i s rap a c i o u s fo l l o w e r s w i th l an d s a n d t re a s u re
t h ro u gh a ri gi d l y s e l fi s h w h o l e sa l e c o n fi sc at i on O f al l E n gl i sh
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. fi f t h s o f t h e so i l i n t h e so u t h e rn p a rt of E n g
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.

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. .

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.

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,
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.

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 0 SURNA M E B OOK .

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,

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.
,

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m o ral s O f t h e c on q u e re d E n gl i sh b u t u p o n a l l E u rop e a n n a t i o n s
, .

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, ,

fro m t h e m sp ra n g m u c h o f t h e c u l t u re an d c h a rm O f s u b s e q u e n t
E n gl i s h l i fe I n t h e fol l o w i n g c e n t u ry t h e N o rm an k i n g s co n q ue re d
.

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c o n t i n e n t b u t w i t h i t al l t h e y m a i n t a i n e d a s e p a ra t e c o u rt f ro m
,

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, .

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.

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’
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,

kn o w n a s D o m e s d a y B oo k T h e o c c a s i o n O f t h i s b ook wa s t h e
.

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,

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. .

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.
,

w h i c h i s a n i n t e re s t i n g a n d h i s to ri c c o n d i t i on T h e fe u d a l sy s t e m .

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s h ip O f l an d A S a m att e r O f t h e o ry i n t h at sy s te m al l t h i n gs O f t h e
.

e a rt h o we d a l l e gi a n c e t o t h e ru l i n g e m p e ro r an d re l i gi o u s l y to t h e ,

p op e T h e k i n g s h e l d t h e i r d om i n i o n s i n a s o rt o f t ru s t to t h e i r e m
.

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,

p l e s o f ri g h t an d j u st i ce I f a k i n g b e c a m e w i c k e d o r d i s l o y a l t h e
.
.
,

e m p e ro r m i gh t d ep o s e h i m a n d p u t ano t h e r i n h i s p l ac e I n th e s a m e .

wa y e a c h k i n g gra n t e d t i t l e s t o h i s c h i e f m e n i n t ru s t o r fi e f o n c o n ,

d i t i o n of th e i r l o y al t y t o h i m T h e s e v a s s al s O f t h e k i n g aga i n
.

gav e t i t l e s t o s m al l e r t ra c t s o f l an d to m e n u n d e r th e m o n s i m i l a r
c o n d i t i o n s ; 50 th at n o l an d w a s h e l d i n fe e s i m p l e b u t e a c h w a s ,
’
h e l d i n l o y al t y an d s e rv i c e t o o w n e r sh i p u n d e r h i s m a s t e r s fi n al
j u ri sd i c t i o n T h e re m n an t s O f th i s l e gal s y st e m a re i n E u rop e to
.

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, ,

w i t h p rop e rt y b e c om e t h e wa rd s of t h e c ro w n T h e so c i a l c o n .

d i t i o n s p a ral l e l e d t h e l e gal S O t h a t t h e l i b e rt y O f e ac h m a n w a s h i s
on l y a s gra n te d h i m by t h e m a n i n ran k ab ov e h i m .

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,

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.

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br o e 1413 14 y e ar s
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. .

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e n Of H e n r y t h e S ev e n t h 1485 1509 24 y ea rs
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e n O f H e n ry t h e E i g h t h 1509 1547 38 y e ar s
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e n o f E d w a rd t h e S i t h x 1547 1553 6 y e ar s
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ar y 1553 1558 5 y e ars
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.

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Th e C o mrri o n w eal t h .

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men t 16 49 16 53 4 y e ar s
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yea s
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l
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m e n t re su m e d i n
,
16 59 16 60 13 m o n t h s

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.

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. .

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.

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Th e Re i g n of Vi c t o ri a . .

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. . D .

T
( o I n t rod u c t i on of S urn ames i n E n gl an d ) .

B C . .

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A D
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. .

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l R o me
.

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, ,
c ap tiv e to .
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. . . 63

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o ad c e a s o i
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.

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.

, .

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S ax o n p ir at e s i n v ade E n g l an d
.

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F amo u s e m ba ssy f r o m B rit ai n so l i c it s a i d a g ai n st t h e P i c t s an d S c o t s
.

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.

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.

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.

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.

t h ir d S ax o n k i n g d o m i n \ V e i se r
,
’
u

J u t e s c o n q u er Isl e o f W i g h t
.

K in g d o m o f D e ir a e st abl i sh e d
.

E th e l be r t o f K en t f o u n d s S t P au l i n L o n do n as a bi sh o p s se at
.

S ax o n s c o m p e ll e d t o ac c e p t C h ri sti an it y
. .

A l f r e d t h e G r e at bo r n .

E th e l w o l f d e f e at s t h e D an e s
D a n e s assau l t an d c o n q u e r E n g l an d
.

A l f r e d th e G r e at r e i g n s M ak e s tr e at y w it h t h e D an e s
.

. .

D a n e s d e f e at e d i n L o n d o n
R eviv a l o f M o n asti c i sm i n E n g l an d a f t e r D an i sh w ar s
.

S w e y n I i n v a d e s E n g l an d
.
,

S w e y n 1 bri n g s l ar g e r arm y
. .

S w e y n 1 be c o m e s ma st e r O f E n g l an d E t h e l r e d S ax o n k i n g fl e e s t o
. .

. . . .

N o r man d y t o h i s n e p h e w AV i l l i am s c o u rt t o w h o m h e p ro m i se s t h e
'
’

E n g l i sh c r o w n
,

Th e N o rt h m e n i n Ir e l an d d e f e ate d by B ri an B o r u
.

E d mu n d I I so n O i E th e l r e d fi g h t s si x batt l e s w ith th e D a n i sh k i n g
.

C an u t e t h e G re at an d fi n a ll y d ivi d e s t h e k i n g d o m w ith h i m
, .
, ,

E d mu n d s d e at h l e av e s C a n u t e so l e k i n g
. .

C an u te i s a p atr o n o f l i t
’
.

e rat u re an d t h e c h u r c h
C an u t e c o n q u e r s t h e S c o tti sh k i n g M a l c o l m
.

H ar d i c an u t e so n o f C an u t e k i n g In S c o t l an d M ac be t h m u r d e r s
, .

, ,
.

D u n c an
x l l
.

E d w a r d ( t h e C o n f e sso r) r e st o re s t h e S a o n r u e i n E n g an d y e t as h e .

i s a N o r m an at h e art t h at i n fl u e n c e p r e d o m i n at e s at c o u rt
ll k l
, .

W i i am D u e o f N o r man d y vi sit s E n g an d
l
, , .

T h e D an e g o l d ( o r D an i sh t a x ) i s abo i sh e d
l M k ll M l l k
.

S c o t an d a c be t h i s i ed a c o m I I I ( C an mo r e ) , in g
l l l
. . .

H ar o d 11 K i n g o f E n g an d : N o r man s i n v a d e E n g an d I n vit e d o v e r
ll W i i am I C o n q u e r o rl ll
.
,

B att e o f H a sti n g s
"
to q u e D an e s End
l x
. . .

o f A n g o S a o n d y n a st y -

l l ll fi k
.

Th e f e u d a sy st e m i n tr o d u c e d i n t o E n g an d A O f c e s i n th e i n g .

d o m g iv e n t o N o r man s .

P e a c e b e t w e e n N o r m an s a n d S c o t s
k l l
.

Th e D o m e sd ay B o o c o mp i e d f o r al l E n g an d sav e t h e n o rth e r n

“
c ou n tie s
i g n M ag n a C h art a
.

K in g J oh n f o rc e d t o S at R u n y me d e
A ll J ew s arr e st e d c l i p p in g c o in
.

"

f or
x p ll l
.

Al l Je w s e e ed f ro m En g an d .
 VIII .

P E R SO N AL N A M E S .

Now t h a t w e h av e c on s i d e re d i n so m e d e t a i l a l b e i t b ri e fly t h e
, ,

va ri o u s t ri b e s a n d n a t i o n s w h i c h d e s c e n d e d fro m S h e m H a m an d , ,

J ap h e t h d we l l i n g e sp e c i a l l y o n t h e T e u to n i c ra c e s w h i c h s e t tl e d u p
,

E u rop e w e sh al l n o w t u rn t o th e st u dy O f t h e i r p e rs o n a l n a m e s a n d
, ,

t h e e v o l u t i o n o f t h e i r s u rn a m e s i n t o t h e i r v a ri o u s fo rm s A s E n gl i s h
.

s u rn am e s fol l ow e d t h e s a m e l i n e o f d e v e l op m e n t s h ow n i n m o s t o f
th e o t h e r E u rop e a n n at i on s w e s h al l d we l l a t l e n gt h on o u r B ri t i s h
,

n am e c u s t o m s W e b e gi n th e re fo re w i t h an i n q u i ry i n to t h e o ri gi n
.
, ,

a n d d e v e l op m e n t O f p e rs o n a l n a m e s .

What i s my n am e ? Who gave t i t o me ? Why ? Wher e

d i d i t origin ate ? What i s its m ean in g ? Th e se are qu es
t i o n s t h a t ap p e a l to e a c h o n e o f u s so m e t i m e d u ri n g l i fe O u r n a m e s
.

h av e b e c o m e s o m u c h a p a rt o f o u r s e l v e s t h a t w e c o m m o n l y t h i n k
n o m o re o f t h e m t h a n w e d o O f o u r n o s e s o r th e l e n gt h o f o u r f e e t ;
,

yet i t wil l happen soon o r late that th e qu estio n s h e re p ropou nd ed

c om e u p i n t o ou r c o n s c i o u s n e s s a n d d e m a n d s o m e an s w e r M o s t .

pe rson s in y o uth have an earl y resentmen t w ith a subsequent pr ide

-

in the i r p ersonal o r Ch r ist ian names an d th i s m ixed f eel in g i s car

,

ri ed o n to th e su rnam e .

A s a m at t e r O f fa c t t h e n a m e g iv e n u s a t b i rt h b e c o m e s o u r
m o s t i n t i m at e po s s e s s i o n ; i t i s o u r s e l v e s fo r i t sy m b ol i z e s o n t h e
l i p s o f o u r f ri end s an d as soc iates —n ay it v i su al ize s al so when o u r
,

n a m e i s p ro n o u n c e d —o u r p e r so n al i ty t o d i st an t fri e n d s A l i tt l e
,

d i ff e re n t S p e l l i n g o r a c l e ri c a l m i s t ak e i n t h e sp e l l i n g o f o u r n a m e s
a n n oy s a n d so m e t i m e s an t ago n i z e s u s b e y o n d a l l m e a s u re o f re a so n ,

w h i c h p rov e s t h e v e ry i n t i m a t e re l at i o n b e t we e n u s an d o u r n a m e s .

O u r p a re n t s m ay h av e gi v e n u s o u r Ch ri st i a n n a m e s b e c au s e o f re
l at i o n sh i p o r O f re v e re n c e fo r a f ri e n d o r l ov e d o n e ; w e m ay b e
n a m e d fro m a c h a ra c t e r i n a b oo k o r b e c a u s e o f s om e w h i m o r ro
,

m a n t i c fan c y— i t m at t e r s l i tt l e h o w t h e n a m e c a m e to b e o u r s— i t
i s ou rs an d by eve ry l aw o f p s ychological an d sp i ritual force it be
c o m e s a v e ri t ab l e p a rt o f o u r s e l v e s f o r go o d o r f o r i l l .

Th e ea rl y patri arch s i n the d awn o f h i sto ry gave name s to the i r

ch i ld re n care fu l ly an d p raye r f ul ly S o f ar a s we know ea c h ch ild i n
.
,

t h e b e gi n n i n g h a d a s e p a ra t e n am e an d n o t u n t i l m e n b e ga n t o

“
,

m u l t i p l y a n d co n gre ga t e i n c ro w d e d c i t i e s w a s th e re n e e d fo r a n y
fu rth e r d ist inction .

’
A m on g p ri m i t i v e p e op l e s a m a n s n a m e i s re ga rd e d a s o f t h e
h igh est importan ce sa ys B arin g—
,
”
Go u l d ; it n o t m e rel y belon gs to
 PE RSO NA L NA M ES . 65

h i m b u t i t i s to so m e ext e n t i n se p a rab l e fro m h i m H e wh o ge t s

,
.

h o l d O f a m a n s s e c re t n a m e ac q u i re s a p o we rfu l b u t u n d e fi n e d c o n
’

t rO l o v e r t h e m a n h i m s e l f S O s t ron g i s t h i s fe l t t h a t t h e n a m e i s .

kept conceal e d f ro m enem i e s : i t i s n eve r utte red H e i s s p oken o f .

by a n icknam e ; h e i s all ude d to in an obl iqu e m an n e r H i s tru e .

n a m e i s k e p t f ro m a l l b u t h i s n e a re s t k i n J u s t a s a s a v age i s a fra i d .

o f h av i n g h i s p o rt ra i t t a k e n l e s t by t h i s m e a n s t h e a rt i s t sh o u l d ,

obtain contro l ove r him so doe s h e sh rink f ro m allowin g an y p e r .

so n to ge t h o l d o f h i s re a l o r s e c re t n a m e .

T h e H e b re w s ga v e t h e i r c h i l d re n n a m e s f ro m so m e c i rc u m
stan c e at t e n d i n g b i rt h S u c h n a m e s a s A d a m m e a n i n g man v o r .
, ,

a s so m e a u t h o ri t i e s say re d o r e a rt h ; E v e s i gn i f y i n g l i fe ; J o se p h , . ,

sal v at i o n o f t h e L o rd ; H a n n a h g ra c e ; M i ri a m b i t t e r ; R e b e c c a , . .

no o se d c o rd ; S a rah p ri n c e s s ; A a ro n ; l o fty e n l i gh t e n e d ; A b e l a
, . .

m e a d o w ; A b ra h a m fa t h e r O f a m u l t i t u d e ; A b ra m fa t h e r o f A ra m
, , ,

o r exa l t a t i o n ; A l e x a n d e r h e l p e r o f m e n ; B a rth o l o m e w s o n o f , .

Ptol e m y ; B at h s h e b a d a u gh t e r o f t h e oa t h ; B e t a h c on fi d e n c e ;
, .

C h ri st t h e a n o i n te d ; D e b o r ah a b e e ; D e l i l a h w e ak t e nd e r d e l . . , .

i c ate ; E l i eze r God i s h el p ing ; El ij ah J ehova h i s God ; Ham ho t

, ,
.
. .

b l ac k ; I c h ab o d n o gl o r y i n gl o ri o u s ; J a c o b s up p l an t e r ; J e re m i a h
, . .
,

exa l te d o r a p p o i n t e d b y G o d ; J e z e b e l u n m a r ri e d ; J e z re e l G o d s c at
. , .

te r s o r p l a n t s ; J o a b J e h ov a h i s fat h e r ; J o h n G o d s gi ft o r g ra c e ;
. .
’
.

J u d i t h j e w e s s ; K e t u rah i n c e n s e ; L ab a n w h i t e b e a u t i fu l ; L e a h
. . . . ,

we a ry l a n g u i d ; L e h i j awb o n e ; L e m u e l s a c re d t o G o d ; L o t c o v
, , .

e ri n g v e i l ; L o t an v e 1l i n g ; L u c i fe r l i gh t b r i n ge r ; L u k e b e l o n g i n g
, . ,
-
.

to L u c a n i a : L y d i a c o n t e n t i o n ; M a rc u s p o l i t e ; M a rt h a l a d y ; M a t
, , ,

th e w g i ft O f G o d ; M o ab t h e d e s i rab l e l a n d ; M o s e s d ra w n o u t O f
. , ,

th e w at e r ; N a o m i p l e a s a n t gra c i o u s c o m e l y ; N ap h t a l i c on t e s t s
. . ,
, .

w re s t l i n g s ; N a rc i s s u s b e n u m b i n g ; N i m ro d m i g h t y ; N O c i t y . . , ,

ab o d e ; N o ah re s t w a n d e ri n g ; N u n fi s h ; O b a d i a h s e rv an t o f J e
. . . ,

h ov a h ; P a u l l i t t l e ; P e l e g d i v i s i o n ; P e t e r a ro c k ; P h a roa h gre a t
, , ,
,

h o u s e : P h e b e s h i n i n g t h e m o o n ; P o t i p h a r gi ft O f t h e s u n go d
, . ,
-

Ra m e s e s so n o f t h e s u n ; Ra h ab ro o m y v i ol e n t t u rb u l e n c e ; R e u
,
‘
. . .

b e n 10 ! a so n o r J e h ov a h h a s s e e n ; R u t h fri e n d fri e n d s h i p ; Ru fu s
, . . . ,
‘

“
re d ; S a l e m p e a c e ; S a l o m e p e a c e a b l e p e rfe c t ; S a m so n o f o r l i ke
. , , .

t h e so n ; S a m u e l n a m e o f G o d h e a rd o f Go d ; S a u l a s k e d fo r ; S e th
. , . .

s ub st i t u t e ; S h e m n a m e ; S i l v a n u s o n e O f t h e woo d a n d S i l a s ; S i m
, , .

eon o n e t h a t h e a r s o r h e a rk e n i n g ; S o l o m o n p e a c e fu l p e a c e ab l e
, , . .
'

St e p h a n a s c ro w n e d ; S te p h e n s a m e a s S t e p h a n a s ; S u sa n n a a l i l v ;
. , .

Tab i t h a a fe m al e ga z e l l e ; T h o m a s t w i n ; T i m o t h y h o n o re d o f G od ;
,
. .

T i t u s h o n o ra b l e ; U ri ah l i gh t o f J e h o v a h ; V a s h t i b e a u t i fu l ; Z e b u
, . ,

l u m h ab i t at i o n ; Z i l l a h s h a d o w ; a l l t h e s e w e re s i m p l e a n d s i n gl e
. .

n am e s .

W h e n t h e I s ra e l i t e s w e re c ro w d e d t oge t h e r i n t h e w i l d e rn e s s
an d h av i n g c on s t a n t re p e t i t i o n o f t h e p e r s o n a l n a m e s t h e y w e re p u t .

6
66 S UR N A M E B O O K .

to t h e n e c e s s i t y O f u s i n g a s e c o n d n am e s u c h a s t h e t ri b a l n ame o r _
,
'

O f n am i n g t h e fat h e r w i t h t h e so n i n o rd e r t o d i s t i n gu i s h o n e S i
mo n fro ma n o t h e r o r on e Re u b e n f ro m a n o th e r T h i n k i f y o u c an
,
.

.
, , ,

w h a t i t wo u l d m e a n t o h a v e al l S a l t L ak e o r al l of t h e Ch i c ago .

p e op l e na m e d by s e p a ra t e n am e s T h e re a re o n l y a fe w th o u s a n d .

p e r s o n a l n am e s i n ex i s t e n c e to d a y ; n o r a re th e re e n o ugh n am e s
.

i n al l t h e l an gu age s t o e n c o m p a s s s u c h a fe at .

T h e H e b re w n am e s w e re c h o s e n w i t h gre a t s o l e m n i t y an d c a re ,

an d t h e ri t u al at t e n d i n g t h e m w a s so e mn i z e d e i gh t d a y s a ft e r b i rt h i .

E ac h n a m e w a s fu l l o f m e a n i n g a n d m i gh t b e a s i n gl e wo rd o r a
c o m p o u n d O f t w o o r m o re w o rd s S u c h fo r i n s ta n c e w a s J o s h u a .
, , ,

th e L o rd my s al v at i o n ; J e h o i a c h i n ap p o i n t e d Of t h e L o rd ; H e z e ,

kiah strength o f th e Lo rd Th e O l d Hebrew l an bguage SO ri ch in

,
.
.

th o ugh t a n d p o e t r y w a s l o s t i n t h e B ab y l o n i a n c ap t i v i t y VV h e n t h e
, .
.

J e w s re t u rn e d u n d e r E z ra a n d N e h e m i ah 400 y e a r s l at e r t h e i r ,

l a n gu age a s a wh ol e w a s p ra c t i c al l y o b l i t e rat e d y e t t h e y re t a i n e d
, , .

t h e i r p rop e r n a m e s a n d re n am e d t h e i r p l a c e s a n d l an d s w i t h t h e O l d
H eb re w t e rm i n o l ogy A ga i n an d aga i n l a n gu age h a s u n d e rgo n e
.

c h an ge s l i k e t h e E n gl i s h i t s e l f b u t w i t h s i n gu l a r p e rt i n ac i t y p rop e r
, , ,

names cl in g to th e i r i nd ivi dual iti e s an d local it ie s Th e Hebrew o r .

B i b l e n a m e s h av e i n d e e d b e c o m e t h e b e s t l o v e d an d m o s t w i d e l y
u s e d n am e s i n e xi s t e n c e C h a n ge d so m e wh at i n fo rm an d sp e l l i n g
.

i n t h e v a ri o u s n a t i on s of E u rop e t h e y st i l l re t a i n t h e i r l i fe an d h ol d
,

up o n t h e h e a rt s a n d i m agi n a t i o n s Of al l p e op l e s .

L i k e t h e H e b re w t o n gu e t h e G re e k l a n gu age h a s b e c o m e a ,

th i n g O f th e p a s t a n d i s c a l l e d a d e a d l an gu age ; y e t p rop e r n a m e s
,

fro m t h i s l an gu age a s w e l l a s l o c al i t y n am e s w e re h a n d e d d o w n
to th e Ro m a n s a n d re m n a n t s Of t h e m c o m e i n to o u r p o s s e s s i o n an d
.

re m a i n w i t h u s to d a y H e b re w G re e k a n d Lat i n a re d e a d l a n
.
,

gu a ge s b u t th e p ri n c ip l e Of l i fe i n n a m e s i s w e l l e x e m p l i fi e d by t h e
,

p e r s i s t e n c e O f t h e Gre e k H e b re w an d L at i n p rop e r n a m e s i n e v e ry
, ,

c i v i l i z e d n at i o n
.

G re e k N am es T h e G re e k s h a d on l y on e an d n o fam i l y n a m e ;
.
, ,

h e n c e t h e n a m e Of a c h i l d w a s l e ft t o th e d i s c re t i o n O f th e p a re n t s .

Th e e l d e s t so n gra d u a l l y to o k th e n a m e o f h i s p a t e rn al gran d fath e r ,

gi rl s t h a t o f t h e i r gra n d m o th e r ( E n c y c l op e d i a B ri t an n i c a ) .

R o man N ame s T o w a rd s th e e n d O f t h e re p ub l i c fre e b o rn

.
-

Ro m a n s w e re d i s t i n gu i s h e d by t h re e n am e s an d t w o ( o r e v e n fo u r )
s e c on d a r y i n d i c a t i o n s ( I b i d ) . .

P r ae n om e n ( c o rre sp on d i n g to t h e m o d e rn C h ri s t i an n a m e ) .

V a rro gi v e s a l i s t O f 32 P ra e n o m i n a o r p e r s o n al n a m e s Of wh i c h 14 ,

h a d fal l e n ou t O f u s e i n S u l l a s t i m e t h e re m a i n i n g 18 b e i n g c o n fi n e d
’
,

t o p at ri c i a n fam i l i e s S o m e O f th e s e ap pe a r t o h av e b e e n ap p ro p r i
.

i at e d by p a rt i c u l a r fa m i l i e s e g A p p i u s by t h e C l au d i i M a m e rc u s
, . .
. ,

by t h e A e mi l i i I n th e c a s e O f p l e b i a n fa m i l i e s t h e re wa s gre a t e r
.
 P E R S O N A L NA M E S . 67

l a ti tu d e a n d a l a rge r v a ri e ty o f n a m e s b u t t h o s e w h i c h b e c a m e e n ,

n obl e d fol l o we d t h e p a t ri c i a n u s a ge .

P r o p e r N a m e s A re Ta k e n F r o m
C i rc u m s t a n c e a t b i rt h : A gri p p a b o rn w i t h t h e fe e t fo re m o s t ; ,

E sa u h a i ry ; J a c ob s u p p l a n t e r
, , .

Co m p l ex i o n : B l a n c h e fa i r ; D 0 11 b row n ; E d o m re d ; F u l v i u s
, , , ,

ye l l o w .

Lo v e d q u a l i t i e s : D av i d b e l ov e d ; E ad g i f u ri c h g i f t ; P h i l l i p o s
'

, , ,

l ov i n g h o r s e s .

Fro m a n a n i m a l : D e b o rah b e e ; J o n a h d o v e ; L u p u s w ol f , , ,
.

F ro m j e w e l s : M a rgu e ri t e p e a rl ; P e t e r s to n e , ,
.

Fro m fl o w e r s Fl o ra fl o w e r ; Rh o d a ro s e S u s a n n a l i l y
.
, , , , .

R e l i gi o u s n a m e s : E l i j a h G o d t h e L o rd ; I s h m ae l h e a d O f G o d ;
, ,

Tho r t h u n d e r g o d ; Th o rv i d T h o r s c o n s e c rat i o n
, ,
’
.

S o rro w n a m e s B e ri ah s o n o f e v i l ; I c h ab o d t h e gl o ry i s d e
.
, ,

p a rt e d ; I t a t h i r s ty ; J ab e z so rro w ; U n a fa m i n e
, , , .

N at u ra l d e fe c t s : D o ren n s u l l e n ; U n c h i co n te n t i o u s , ,
.

T h e s a m e fa t e O f Ob l i v i o n h a s b e fa l l e n t h e C e l t i c a n d T e u to n i c
languages as be f el l h e r p eopl e s En gl i sh i s a m ixe d l angu age as
,
.
,

are he r p e op l e Th e Teuton ic l an g u age e spec ial ly h as been m erge d

.

an d m e l t e d i n a d o z e n c ru c i b l e s b u t n a m e s a n d s u rn a m e s s t i l l t e ,

mai n a s i i t h e y w e re t h e l i v i n g s y m b o l s o f t h e d e a d p a s t .

E a c h n a t i o n i n i t s i n fa n c y i n v e n te d o r c o n c e i v e d i t s o w n n a m e s .

Th e i n d i v i d u a l s c h o s e th o s e n a m e s o r t h e y w e re c h o s e n b y p ri e s t s
or gu a rd i an s a n d e a c h n at i o n f o r a l o n g p e r i o d fo l l o w e d t h e c u st o m
, , ,

of gi v i n g e a c h c h i l d a S p e c i a l l y c h o s e n a n d i n d i v i d u al n a m e d i f f e r
e n t fro m a n y o t h e r k n o w n a m o n g t h a t p a rt i c u l a r p e op l e A ft e r a .

p e ri o d th i s c u s to m w o u l d b e b o t h d i f fi c u l t a n d b u rd e n so m e T h e n .
,

pa re n t s wo u l d p e rh ap s n a m e a c h i l d aft e r t h e p a re n t o r gra n d p a re n t ,

or i t m igh t be for s o m e f avorite h er o or god A n d the n cam e th e .

n ec e s s i ty o f gi v i n g a n a d d e d t i t l e to a c h i l d so n a m e d T h e E n gl i s h .

n ati o n i s a c o m p o s i t e o f m a n y p e op l e s a n d a s e ac h co n q u e ri n g h o s t ,

settl e d d ow n u p o n t h e l i t t l e i s l a n d a n d too k p o s s e s s i o n t h e m ixt u re ,

of p rop e r n a m e s b e c a m e m o re a n d m o re co m p l ex I n o n e fa m i l y i n .

th e 12t h c e n t u ry f o r i n s t a n c e m i gh t b e fo u n d c h i l d re n n a m e d fo r a
, ,

Scan d i n av i a n g o d a Ro m a n s a i n t a N o rm a n b a ro n a D a n i s h re l a
, , ,

tiv e a n d a n A n gl o S axo n p a re n t S u c h i n d e e d i s n o t a n u n c o m m o n
,
-
.

p rac t i c e al l d o w n t h ro u gh th e c e n t u ri e s .

D u ri n g t h e m i d l e age s E u rop e a n s w e re p ro n e t o n a m e t h e i r
c h i l d re n f o r p a t ro n s a i n t s an d a s mo s t o f t h e s e s a i n t s w e re n a m e d
,

fo r B i b l e c h a ra c t e r s t h i s sp re a d t h e c u s to m O f B i b l e p rop e r n am e s
, ,

e sp e c i al l y i n E n gl a n d
m
.

A l o n g w i t h t h i s c u st o gra d u al l y sp re a d t h e h ab i t O f n a m i n g
the o ldest son for th e fath e r an d othe r son s f o r fav o rite
m al e re l a t i v e s w h i l e t h e gi rl s fol l o w e d t h i s s am e si mp l e f ami l y
,
‘

c u sto m T h e ge n e al ogi s t i s O ft e n g i v e n v a l u ab l e c l u e s fro m th i s

p ec u l i a r c u s to m —fo r i n s t an c e a fa m i l y o f J o n e s ru n n i n g b a c k fo r
.

,
68 S UR N A M E B OO K .

fi v e o r s ix ge n e rat i o n s m ay c on t a i n m an y J o h n s a n d W i l l i a m s
a n d J o se p h s b u t p ra c t i c al l y n o S i m o n s S t ep h e n s o r T h o m a se s
, , ,

wh i l e a n o th e r b ran c h O f t h e n u m e ro u s J o n e s fa m i l y i n p e rh ap s th e
sa m e l oc al i t y m ay c o n t a i n a n u m b e r O f S i m on s S t ep h e n s a n d ,

T h o m a s e s w i t h fe w W i l l i am s o r J o sep h s T h e p rop e r n a m e s t h u s
.

fu rn i s h a v al u ab l e b u t n o t a n i n fa l l i b l e c l u e .

I n m o st c ou n t ri e s th e c e re m o n y Of n am i n g a c h i l d w a s m a d e a
sol e m n re l i gi o u s r i t e Fe a s t s an d p re s e n t s a t t e n d e d th e s e c e re
.

m o n i e s a n d t h i s c u s t o m s t i l l Ob t a i n s i n o r i e n t al co u n t ri e s a n d i s
, ,

v e r y p op ul a r i n a m o d i fi e d fo rm i n C at h o l i c E u rop e T h e H e
, .
. .

b re w s c i rc u m c i s i o n r i t e w h i c h t oo k p l ac e o n t h e e i gh t h d ay w a s th e
’
, ,

t e s t o f m e m b e r sh i p i n t h e p a t r i a rc h al fa m i l y A m o n g t h e T e u to n s .

t h e c h i l d w a s i m m e r s e d i n w at e r wh e n n a m e d w h i c h Of c o u r s e w a s . , ,

a fo rm Of i n fa n t b ap t i sm A t t h e C a th o l i c c on fi rm a t i o n c e re m o n i e s
.
,

a n e w p rop e r n a m e i s gi v e n t o t h e c a n d i d a t e t h i s b e i n g th e n a m e ,

o f t h e p at ron s a i n t an d i s s u p p o s e d to b e a m o re s ac re d n am e t o t h e
,

i n d i v i d ua l th a n t h e o n e gi v e n a t b i rt h
A m on g th e L a tt e r d ay S a i n t s C h ri st i an n a m e s a re b e s tow
.

ed
w i t h c a re a n d c e re m o n y A fa t h e r m ay t ak e h i s b ab e o n t h e e i gh th
.

d ay a n d gi v e i t a fa th e r s b l e s si n g w i t h th e n a m e Y e t aft e rwa r d s
’
.
,

h e m u s t tak e t h e b ab e b e fo re t h e c on gre ga t io n wh e re t h e e l d e r s w i l l .

l ay t h e i r h a n d s u p o n t h e m i n t h e n am e O f J e s u s Ch ri st a n d b l e s s ,

t h e m i n H i s n am e T h e u s u a l c u sto m i s t o gi v e t h e Ch ri s t i a n
.

n am e a t t h i s t i m e ( D o e a n d Co y . .

T h e B u d d h i st s o f t h e e a s t wa sh t h e c h i l d w h i l e th e y gi v e t h e
n a m e a n d t h u s t h e Po rt u gu e se p ri e st s w h o fi r s t v i s i t e d t h e m w e re
,

l e d t o b e l i e v e t h e i r w h o l e sy st e m a d i ab ol i c a l p a ro d y Of Ch ri st i an i ty ;
A n d a s b ap t i s m a l re a dy th e s i gn o f th e a d m i s s i o n o f p ro s e l y t e s
.

to t h e J e w i s h fa i t h wa s ap p o i n t e d a s t h e m e a n s O f e n t ran c e i n t o th e
,

Ch ri st ian conven t rel igiou s p eo p l es fol lowi ng th e O l d analo gy gave

, , ,

t h e n am e a s t h e y p o u re d t h e w at e r an d s wo re i n t h e n e wl y ad,
-

mi tted membe r o f th e Chu rch .

Th ence forth th e same brie f form o f wo r d s has been sa i d ove r

ev e r y b e i n g w h o h a s b e e n a d m i t t e d t o t h e C h ri st i an p ro m i s e s
th ro u gh o u t t h e e a rth an d t h e n a m e th e n i m p o se d h a s b e e n e a c h
,

on e s i n d i v i d u a l i n a l i e n ab l e p o s s e s s i on — t h e ap p e l l a t i o n i n c h i l d
’

h oo d a n d a ft e rw a rd s u se d i n t h e m o re sol e m n m om e n t s O f l i fe
, ,

t h e m a rri age \ O w i n a l l o a th s an d e ngage m e n t s an d o n a l l o c c a ,

s i on s when th e pe rson i s dealt w 1th i n h i s in d iv idual capacit y .

T h e s i m p l e Ch r i s t i a n n am e O f k i n g s an d q u e e n s st a n d s ab ov e
al l t h e i r t i t l e s a n d fo r m a n y y e a r s i n I ta l y a s i t st i l l c o n t i n u e s t o
, ,

b e i n Ru s s i a th e s i m p l e b a p t i s m a l n a m e w i t h th e p a t ron y m i c
,

i s t h e m o s t re sp e c t fu l a d d re s s f ro m t h e s e rv a n t t o t h e n ob l e T h e .

c o n c e a l m e n t O f th e Ch r i st i an n a m e u n d e r t i tl e s a n d s u rn a m e s gra d
u al l y b e g a n to p re v a i l i n F ra n c e u n d e r t h e B o u rb on d y n a s t a n d
y ,

by t h e re i gn o f Lo u i s X I V h a d so p re v a i l e d t h at t e rri to ri a l d e si g
,

n at i on s w e re ex c l u s i v e l y u se d b y al l w h o c o u l d l ay c l a i m to ge n tl e
.
70 S UR NA M E B OO K .

c u l e t oo k a d v a n t age O f h i s c o n fi rm at i o n t o c al l h i m s e l f F ran co i s

“
, ,

t h e d e at h Of h i s e l d e r b ro th e r h av i n g l e ft t h a t fav o ri t e p l a c e O f th e
’

h ou s e Of V a l o i s v ac a n t f o r h i m .

Pop e s b e ga n b y a fe w i n s ta n c e s O f c h an ge o f n a m e o n t h e i r
e l e v at i o n i n h on o r o f so m e favo r i t e s a i n t b u t b e fo re t h e e l e v e n th ,

c e n t u r y t wo o r t h re e i n st a n c e s O f sp e e d y m o rt al i t y a m o n g t h o s e
,

w h o wo u l d n o t p a rt w i t h t h e i r o w n l e d to a b e l i e f th at t o re t a i n i t ,

wa s u n l u c ky a n d a s e t Of stoc k p ap al n a m e s wa s p rov i d e d f o r al l
,

i n t u rn b e c o m i n g fu rt h e r l i m i t e d w h e n i t b e c a m e t h e fa sh i o n t o
,

a s s u m e t h e n a m e O f t h e p o n t i f f by wh o m t h e c a rd i n a l s h a t h a d b e e n ’

gi v e n to t h e n e wl y e l e c t e d p o p e .

E n gl an d w a s a n d i s a v e ri t ab l e m e l t i n g p o t o f T e u to n i c rac e
s u b d i v i s io n s S e e t h e fol l o w i n g b ri e f i l l u st ra t i v e t ab l e :
.

B ri t i s h o r C e l t i c n a m e s : H o e l H o we l l M ad ox ( c ) G ri f fi t h , , ,

( G ru f f y d d ) 800 B C , . .

A n gl e s a n d S axo n n a m e s : E d m u n d E d m u n d s Go d w i n Goo d , , ,

ri dge GO d ri e 600 A D
, , . .

S c a n d i n av i a n n a m e s : H al fd a n ( H a l d a n e ) S way n e ( S w e yn ) , ,

876 A D . .

J u t e s : J u t e s : O sbe rn 876 , .

Fl e m i s h : Cat h B u l l e r Fl i n d e r s 1100 , , , .

Ge rm a n a n d J e w s : 1350 P ro s s e r J a c o b s , , .

N o rm an s : P e t e r s P i e rc e J a c q u e s 106 6 , , ,
.

T h e Ge rm a n p e op l e s a re d i v i d e d i n to :
H o l l a n d e r s : G o t h f ri d A d e l h ard Co n ra d , , .

H u gu e n o t s : 16 85 Ce rr i ( Ch e rr y ) P a rc ( Pa rk ) K n i gh t
.
, , ,

R o u ssal .

B av a ri a n : ( 8 844 re fu ge e s c a m e o v e r i n
,

N e t h e rl an d s I n W i l l i a m O f O ra n ge s t i m e Fu l l e r W al k e r
.
’

, , .

A l wa y s c am e t h e c h o s e n p e op l e t h e J e w s w h o a re o u r a s s o , ,

c i at e b ro th e r s O f t h e p ro m i s e .

N a m e s i n d i c at e th e h i s to ry o f a p e op l e I f th e s t u d e n t w i l l .

fol l o w d o w n t h e st re a m o f n o m e n c l at u re ( o r n a m i n g ) h e w i l l fi n d ,

th e c h i e f e v e n t o f th e n at i o n m i rro re d i n t h e p rop e r o r p e r so n al
n a m e s gi v e n t o t h e c h i l d re n o f t h e p e op l e b o rn at t h a t p e ri o d N a m e s .

al so i n d i c at e t h e t a s t e i f n o t t h e c h a rac t e r o f t h e p a re n t s w h o be
,

s to w e d t h e m F ro m f am i l y n a m e s o n e m ay e a s i l y d i s c ov e r th e
.
-

fa m i l y l oy a l ty t h e fool i s h s e n t i m e n t al i s m t h e re fi n e m e n t a n d t a st e
, , ,

o r t h e s i n c e ri ty O f an y gi v e n p a re n t by c al l i n g ov e r t h e n a m e s o f ,

th e i r c h i l d re n T h e ge n e al og y O f a n a t i o n i s t h e v i ri l e sk e l e to n o r
.

fra m e wo rk up o n w h i c h i s b u i l d e d t h e t i s s u e s a n d s u rro u n d i n g c o m
p o n e n t p a rt s w h i c h go t o m ak e u p t h e h i s to ri c a l b o d y o f an y n at i o n .

T h e p e r son a l n a m e s O f a p eop l e i n d i c a t e t h e p art i c u l a r h i s to ri c

s t ra t a w h i c h i s d o m i n a n t w h e n t h e c h i l d i s c h ri st e n e d o r n a m e d ,

an d i n d i c a t e t h e m e a su re O f fa i t h l o y a l t y ro m an c e an d re a so n wh i c h , ,

m ak e O f t h a t p eo p l e a wo rth y o r a s av age n at i o n .
 '

E V OLU T IO N O F SU R N A M E S .

A ft er w e h a v e se t t l e d f o r o u r s e l v e s t h e m att e r O f o u r p e r s o n al
) r C h ri st i an n am e s a s t h e y a re n o w c al l e d w e b e gi n t o a sk o u r s e l v e s
’
'

.
,

ho w an d w h y w e h av e a n a m e a d d e d to t h a t p ro p e r na m e s u c h a s ,

S m it h J o n e s B ro w n o r Yo u n g a n d w e wo n d e r w h e n t h e c u s to m
, . ,

wa s fi r s t i n t ro d u c e d w h e re a n d b y w h o m .
W e w o n d er i f w e .

a l w ay sh a d a su rn ame W h e n w e re a d t h e B i b l e w e fi n d t h a t n on e
‘

O f th os e w o rt h i e s w e re c a l l e d S m
.

i th J o n e s B ro w n o r Yo u n g al , ,

tho u gh we d o fi n d t h a t so m e t i m e s t h e y w e re S po k e n O f a s Of t h e
.

t ri b e o J u d a h o H u r o r o f Jo h a n W e a s k o u r s e l ve s h o w d i d
f r .
— .

S m i t h c o m e b y h i s s u rn a m e a n d J o n e s b y h i s B ro w n b y h i s a n d . .

You n g b y h i s p a rt i c u l a r s u rn a m e \V h at i s a s u rn a m e ?

M e an i n g of S u rn ame s A s u rn a m e i s a n a m e a d d e d t o t h e o ri g
.

i n al o r p e r o n a l n a m e A p e r so n m a y h av e o n e o r t w o o r fi v e C h ri s
s
s .

ti an n a m e s a s so m e O f t he ro y a l fa m i l i e s O f E u rop e h a v e b u t mo d
. .

e rn s h av e o n l y o n e s u rn a m e u n l e s s i n d e e d s o m e O f u s u s e o u r
, . ,

m ate rn a l a n d p at e rn a l s u rn a m e s — a s f o r i n s t a n c e J u l i a W a rd H o we ,
.

A su rn ame w e may say i s t h e fa m i l y o r t ri b a l n a m e w h i c h w e

.
.
,

i n h e ri t fro m o u r fat h e r w h i l e th e C h ri st i a n o r p ro p e r n a m e i s t h e
.

on e gi v e n a t b i rt h o r s oo n a fte r .

H e br e w S y st e m W h e n t h e H e b re w s fo u n d t h e m s e l v e s
.

c ro wd e d to ge t h e r i n t h e w i l d e rn e s s a ro u n d M o u n t S i n a i ( a n d i t i s
e st i m a t e d t h a t t h e re w e re ov e r Of them m e n ab l e
to b e a r a rm s e xc l u d i n g t h e t ri b e o f L e v i ) t h ey a t o n c e fo u n d t h e m
.
,

s e l v e s i n n o e n d o f d i f fi c u l t i e s i n t ry i n g t o i d e n t i f y e a c h ot h e r T h e y .

h a d ke p t t h e m s e l v e s i n t ri b a l l o c at i o n s i n t h e l an d O f G o sh e n a n d
’

i t m a tt e re d l i t t l e i f a l l o f t h e t ri b e s an d s u b t ri b e s h a d an A d a m o r a
Re u b e n o r a J o s e p h b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e s e p a ra t e d by d i s t an c e s a n d

“
p a rt i a l i s o l a t i o n ; b u t w h e n t h e y b e c a m e a u n i fi e d p e opl e a t
th e E xo d u s t h e y w e re ob l i ge d t o c h o o s e o t h e r m e a n s O f i d e nt 1fic a
.

t i on S O w e fi n d t h e g re a t Jo s h u a i s s p o ke n O f a s t h e so n O f

“
.

N u n i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e re m ay h av e b e e n m a n y o t h e r J o sh u a s i n
,

th e v a s t c on c o u r s e a n d Ca l e b e q u al l y fa m o u s h a d t o b e k n o wn a s
, . ,

th e s o n o f J e p h u n n e h a s t h e re e v i d e n t l y w e re o t h e r Ca l e b s i n
.

th e c a m p s ; a n d J a i r wa s th e so n o f M a n a s s e h Late r still in thei r .

,

h i sto ry c e rt a i n p rop er n a m e s b e c a m e m o re p op u l a r th a n o th e r s
, .

An d t h e n so m e t i m e s a l o c a l o r p l ac e n a m e w o u l d b e a d d e d to d e -

“
,

sc rib e th e i n d i v i d u a l ; fo r i n s t an c e t h e re w e re S i m o n o f C y re n e a n d
.

Si m o n t h e Z e a l ot w h o a l s o i s s p ok e n o f i n a n ot h e r p l a c e a s
.

S i m o n t h e Ca n a a n i t e
”
”
O u r S a vi o r H i m s e l f s u rn a m e d S i m o n a s
.

Pe t e r a n d t h e n l at e r i n s p e a k i n g O f h i m : . J e s u s sa i t h t o S i m o n
72 S UR N A M E B OO K .
 E V O L UT I O N OF S URNA M E S . 73

Pe te r : S i m o n so n o f J o n a s ( J o h n c h ap t e r
. A l so t h e re w e re
, ,

J u d a s I sc a rio t J u d a s B a r s ab a s a n d J u d a s o f G a l i l e e T h u s th e s e
,
.

a n c i e n t p e op l e s w e re o b l i ge d a fte r s e t t l i n g i n c i t i e s to c h oo s e so m e
fo rm o f s u rn a m e by wh i c h t o d i s t i n gu i sh t h e m s e l v e s .

R o man S ys t e m
'

I n th e m e an t i m e t h e p aga n b u t p ol i s h e d n a
.
,

t i o n s o f G re e c e a n d R o m e w e re ob l i ge d t o a d op t s i m i l a r m e an s o f
i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f i n d i v i d u al s To t h e Ro m a n s b e l on g t h e e a rl i e s t
.

s y s t e m o f n o m e n c l a t u re T h e y a d o p t e d a s y ste m m o re c a re fu l an d
.

p re c i s e t h a n a n y n a t i o n w h i c h h a s s u c c e e d e d th e m I t m u s t b e .

re m e m b e re d o f c o u rs e t h a t o n l y t h e fre e Ro m a n c i t i z e n h a d t h e
, ,

ri gh t to a s s u m e t h i s s u rn a m e s y s t e m T h e R o m a n p e op l e w e re .

v e ry st ri c t l y c l a s s i fi e d a n d t h e i r bo n d sp e o p l e a n d s l a v e s h a d l i tt l e
,

o r n o ri gh t o r p ri v i l e ge t o a n y t h i n g b u t l i fe a n d s e rv i t u d e The
Ro m a n c i t i z e n h a d a t h re e —
.

fo l d n a m e T h e fi r s t w h i c h wa s c a l l e d .
,

p ra e n o m e n w a s t h e i r p e r s o n a l o r C h ri s t i a n n a m e ; t h e s e c o n d w a s
.

t h e n o m e n wh i c h w e m i gh t c a l l a c l a n o r t ri b a l n a m e ; a n d t h e
.

t h i rd w as th e c ogn o m e n w h i c h c o rre sp o n d e d w i t h o u r p re s e n t s u r
.

n a m e T h i s c o gn o m e n w a s t h e n a m e o f t h e p art i c u l a r b ran c h o f
.

t h e t ri b e o r c l a n fro m w h i c h a n y i nd i v i d u al s p ra n g Y o u fi n d t h e m .

n am e d a s— M a rc u s T u l l i u s C i c e ro o r A u l u s L i n c i n i u s A rc h ea s I f , .

a m a n u m i t te d o r f re e d s l a v e h a d th e ri gh t o f c i t i z e n sh i p c o n fe rre d
u p o n h i m h i s o n e s i n gl e n a m e b e c a m e by l a w h i s c ogn o m e n o r
,

s u rn a m e a n d t h e t w o o th e r s w e re p l a c e d i n f ro n t O f i t o n e ge n e ra l l y
, ,

b e i n g t h e n a m e O f h i s b e n e fac to r o r e m a n c i p at o r S u c h i n d e e d h ap .

p e n e d w i th t h e s l av e A rc h e a s w h o s e e m a n c i p a to r w a s L i c i n i u s a n d
. ,

t h e n th e s l av e to o k A u l u s a s h i s n a m e W i t h t h e ov e r t h ro w o f t h e .

W e s te rn e m p i re h o w e v e r t h i s sy s t e m wa s l o s t a n d t h e b a rb a ri a n s
w h o s e t t l e d u p o n i t s ru i n s b ro u gh t b ac k t h e c u s t o m o f u s i n g a
, , ,

s i n gl e n a m e o n l y .

C h i n e se N ame Syst e m T h e re i s ex t a n t a c u ri o u s s y s t e m o f
.

s u rn a m i n g i n C h i n a wh i c h w a s rev e a l e d t o t h e m o d e rn wo rl d d u r
,

i n g th e I n t e rn a t i o n a l G e n e al o gi c al Fe d e ra t i o n a t S a n F ra n c 1sc o l n .

J u l y 1915 i n a p ap e r p re p a re d fo r th a t c on g re s s b y K 1a n g S h a o
, .
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Ch a u n K an g H u a c u l t u re d Ch i n e s e O f t h e C al i f o rm a U n 1v e rs1t y
-
,
.

I t w a s a m a rv e l o u s u n fo l d i n g Of th e c o n d i t i o n s c o n c e rmn g p e d 1
gre e s an d ge n e al o gy — ke e p i n g a m o n g s t t h i s l i t t l e k n o wn a n d y e t .

a n c i e n t p e op l e Go i n g b a c k or ev e n e a r s e d 1g re e s a re
'

. y p ,

re l i gi o u sl y ke p t by al l fa m i l i e s o f t h e b e t t e r c l a s s e s T h e g e n e al o g 1 st .

i s c h o s e n f ro m t h e c l a n on c e i n t h i rty y e a r s a n d i s mai n t ame d b y .

h i s l ab o r s H e ke e p s a n d re c o rd s e a c h b i rt h d e a t h a n d m a rri a ge
.
.

i n t h e wh o l e c l an Twe l v e h u n d re d y e a rs b e fo re C h ri s t e ac h h e a d
. ,

o f c l a n w a s c om p e l l e d t o fra m e a v e r s e Th e m embe rs of that cl an .

al l t oo k t h e fi r s t wo rd o f t h a t v e r s e a s a m i d d l e n a m e T h e se c o n d

“
.

ge n e ra t i o n al l too k t h e s e c o n d w o rd t h e t h i rd ge n e ra t i o n t h e t h l rd
.
.
.

a n d s o o n d ow n T h a t e x p l a i n s w h y n e a rl y a l l C h i n a m e n a re
.

cou sin s ”
.
O n e c an t e l l th e c l a n a n d t h e ge n e ra t i o n o f a n y p a r
 74 S UR N A M E B OO K .

t i c u l ar
Ch inam an if on e kn ows h i s cl an ver se .
S u rn a m e s w e re g i v e n
m u c h a s m E u rop e .

T e u t o n i c S u r n am e S yst e m A t t h e b i rt h O f t h e S av i o r E u rop e
‘

.
,

wa s i n h ab i t e d a s w e h av e s e e n i n fo rm e r c h ap t e r s by Ce l t i c a n d
,
,

T e u t on i c t rib e s T h e s e w e re s u b d i v i d e d t h e C e l t s b e i n g i n t h e
.

w e st e rn p a rt O f E u ro p e an d i n G re a t B r i t a i n w h i l e t h e T e u to n i c ,

t ri b e s q u a r re l e d w i t h e a c h o t h e r an d roa m e d t h e fo re s t s i n p aga n
s i m p l i c i t y i n c e n t ra l E u rop e A ft e r t h e i n t ro d u c t i o n Of L a t i n c u l
.

’
t u re i n C h a rl e m agn e s t i m e 800 A D E u rop e re sp o n d e d a l m o s t
,
. .
,

s i m u l t an e o u s l y t o t h e ge n e ra l d i f f u s i o n o f t h e ge rm s O f a rt an d
s c i e n c e T wo h u n d re d y e a rs l a t e r i n 1000 A D t h e Fra nk s a d op t e d
.
, . .
,

s u rn am e s a n d G e rm a n y fo l l o w e d s u i t S c an d i n a v i a p rop e r wa i t e d
, .

u n t i l so m e 500 y e a r s l at e r b e fo re a d op t i n g su rn a m e s t o an y e xt e n t ,

b u t E n gl an d fo u n d i t ab sol u t e l y n e c e s s a r y a ft e r t h e N o r ma n Co n

“
q u e s t i n 106 6 to a dop t s u rn a m e s .

F re e m a n d i sc u s s i n g t h i s i m p o rt a n t s ub j e c t s ay s :
, ,

I n E n gl an d b e fo re t h e Con q u e s t t h e re i s n o a s c e rt a i n e d c a s e
, ,

o f s t ri c t l y h e re d i ta r y s u rn a m e s t i l l i t ( t h e s u rn a m e ) h a s c e a s e d t o

b e p e r s on a l l y d e s c ri p t i v e T h e l i n e i s d raw n w h e n t h e s u rn a m e O f
.

t h e fat h e r p a s s e s t o t h e so n a s a m a t t e r o f c o u r s e t h ou gh i t m ay ,

n o l on ge r b e re a l l y ap p l i c ab l e to h i m I n t h e O l d e r st at e Of t h i n g s .

w e may b e s u re t h at \ V u l f re d t h e B l a c k w a s re al l y a s w a rt h y m a n ;
’
t h at S i re d ZE l f re d s so n w a s re a l l y t h e so n o f a n ZE l f re d ; th a t Go d
, ,

fre d a t Fe c h a m re al l y l i v e d at Fe c h a m \ Vh e n h e re d i t a ry si Irn ame s .

a re e st ab l i s h e d t h e s u rn a m e O f B l ac k may b e b o rn e b y a p al e m an .

t h a t O f ZE l f t e d s so n by o n e w h o s e fat h e r w a s n o t n am e d ZE l f e d r
,

t h a t O f Fe c h a m by o n e wh o n e i t h e r l i v e d a t Fe c h a m n o r ow n e d l a n d
t h e re I f t h e N o rm an Co n q u e s t h a d n e v e r h ap p e n ed i t i s al m o s t
.
,

c e rt a i n t h a t w e s h o u l d h av e fo u n d fo r o u r s e l v e s a s y s t e m O f h e re d
i t ary s u rn a me s S t i l l a s a m a tt e r O f fac t t h e u s e O f h e re d i t a r y

“
.
, ,

s u rn a me s b e gi n s i n E n gl a n d w i t h t h e N o rm a n Co n q u e st an d i t may ,

b e s e t d o w n a s o n e o f i t s re s u l t s .

A t t h e t i m e O f t h e i n v a s i o n O f E n gl a n d t h e p rac t i c e o f h e re d ,

i t ary s u rn a m e s s e e m s s t i l l t o h a v e b e e n a n ov e l ty i n N o rm a n d y ,

b u t a n ov e l ty w h i c h w a s fa s t t ak i n g roo t N u m b e r s o f t h e gre a t .

N o rm a n b a ro n s a l re a d y b o re s u rn a m e s so m e t i m e s t e rr i t o ri a l so m e

“
, ,

t i m e s p at ron y m i c s O f wh i c h t h e fo rm er c l a s s e a s i l y b ec a m e h e re d
,

i t a ry .

B u t th e p a t ro n y m i c s u rn am e s d i d n o t s o re a d i l y b e c o m e h e re d
i t a ry a s d i d t h e l o c a l s u rn a m e s W h e n a m a n t ak e s h i s s u rn a m e
.

fro m t h e ac t u a l p l ac e o f p o s s e s s i o n o r re si d e n c e i t i s v e r y h a rd t o ,

say a t w h at p a rt i c u l a r
p o i n t t h e p e r son a l d e s c ri p t i o n p a s s e s i n to t h e
h e re d i t a r y s u rn a m e T h e s ta ge s a re t h e re fo re m o re e a s i l y m a rk e d
.

i n n a m e s O f t h e ot h e r c l a s s W h e n T h o m a s t h e so n Of J o h n t h e
.
. .

s o n O f R i c h a rd c a l l s h i m e sl f n o t F i t z J O h n o r Jo h n so n b u t F i t z
.
,

Ri c h a rd o r R i c h a rd son t h e c h an ge i s a rat h e r v i ol e n t o n e
. But .
 EVO LUT I O N OF SURNAM ES . 75

w h e n o n th e o th e r h a n d a N o rm a n w h o b o re t h e n am e o f h i s b i rt h
, .

p l a c e O r p o s s e s s i o n s i n N o rm a n d y — Ro b e rt o f B ru c e o r W i l l i a m o f
Pe rc y — fo u n d h i m se l f t h e p o s s e s s o r O f fa r gre at e r e s t a t e s i n E n g
l a n d t h a n i n N o rm a n d y w h e n h i s m a i n i n t e re st s w e re n o l o n ge r
,

N o rm an b u t E n gl i sh t h e s u rn a m e c e a s e d t o b e re al l y d e s c ri p t i v e ;
, ,

i t b e c a m e a m e re a rb i t ra ry N o rm a n h o l d i n g ; i t re m a i n e d i n u s e
e v e n i f t h e N o rm a n h ol d i n g p a s s e d a way fro m t h e fa m i l y W h e n .

a B ru c e o r a P e rc y h a d l o s t h i s o ri gi n a l c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e p l a c e
‘

B ru c e o r P e rc y wh e n t h e n a m e n o l o n ge r s u gge s t e d a t h o u gh t Of
,

t h e p l ac e B ru c e a n d P e rc y b e c a m e s t ri c t s u rn a m e s i n t h e m o d e rn
.

s e n s e T h e re i s n ot h i n g l i k e t h i s i n E n gl a n d b e fo re t h e N o rm a n
.

Co n q u e s t ; t h e c h a n ge i s s t ri c t l y o n e o f t h e re s u l t s o f t h a t e v e n t .

A n d th e l i k e p ro c e s s wo u l d t a k e p l a c e w i t h t h o s e l a n d o w n e r s ,

w h e t h e r o f N o rm a n o r O f E n gl i s h b i rt h w h o to o k t h e i r s u rn a m e s

“
,

fro m p l a c e s i n E n gl a n d W i t h t h e m t oo t h e l o c a l d e s c ri p t i o n
.
, ,

gra d u a l l y p a s s e d i n t o t h e h e re d i t a ry s u rn a m e s .

”
U n d e r t h e fe u d a l sy s t e m s a y s M r L o w e r th e gre a t b a ro n s
, .
,

a s s u m e d a s s u rn a m e s t h e p rop e r n a m e s o f t h e i r se i g n o i ri e s o r p o s ,

s e s s i o n s ; t h e kn i gh t s w h o h e l d ( p rop e rt y ) u n d e r t h e m d i d t h e l i k e ,

a n d t h o s e i n t u rn w e re i m i t at e d by a l l w h o p o s s e s s e d a l a n d e d e s t at e ,

h o w e v e r s m al l Ca m d e n re m a rk s t h a t t h e re i s n o t a s i n gl e v i l l age
.

”
i n N o rm a n d y t h a t h a s n o t s u rn a m e d s o m e fa m i l y i n E n gl a n d .

“
One Of
t h e p re d i s p o s i n g fac t o r s t o t h e fo r m at i o n O f E n gl i sh
s u rn a m e s w a s t h e O f fi c i al s u rv e y m a d e by W i l l i a m i n 1086 w h i c h ,

wa s a ft e rw a r d s c o m p i l e d i n a b oo k c a l l e d T h e D o m e s d ay B o ok

“
.

M e n fo u n d t h e ms e l v e s i n t h i s s u rv e y o b l i ge d t o g i v e so m e d i s t i n

c al l e d m e an i n g a d d e d t o
.
”“
g u i sh i n g n a m e ot h e r t h a n t h e i r p e rs o n a l n a m e a n d t h u s b e ga n

-
”
t h e c u s to m o f m e n h av i n g a to n a m e a s i t w a s so m e t i m e s q u a i n t l y
.
-
,

S u rn a m e s h av e b e e n m a d e t h e s u b j e c t o f l e ga l e n ac t m e n t fo r
,

c e n t u ri e s .

S a y s t h e B ri t i s h E n c y c lo p e d i a :
Th e L e g al A sp e c t of t h e N am e
T h e C h ri s t i an n a m e i e
.
,
. .
.

t h e n a m e g i v e n t o a p e r s o n o n a d m i s s i o n t o b ap t i s m i n t o t h e Ch ri s
t i a n c h u rc h d at e s b ac k t o t h e e a rl y h i s to ry o f t h e c h u rc h I t h a s
, .

b e e n s a i d t h a t t h e p ra c t i c e O f gi v i n g a n a m e o n b ap t i s m w a s p o s s i
bl y i m i t at e d fro m t h e J e w i s h c u st o m O f gi v i n g a p e r so n a l n a m e a t
c i rc u m c i s i o n I n E n gl a n d i n d i v i d u a l s w e re f o r l o n g d i s t i n gu i s h e d
.
,

by C h ri s t i a n n a m e s o n l y a n d t h e s u rn a m e o r fa m i l y n am e i s s t i l l
,

t ot a l l y i gn o re d by t h e C a th o l i c c h u rc h A s p op u l a t i o n i n c re a s e d .

a n d i n t e rc o u r s e b e c a m e ge n e ra l i t b e c a m e n e c e s s a ry t o e m p l o y
,

s o m e fu rt h e r n a m e b y w h i c h on e m a n m i gh t b e k n o wn fro m an
o t h e r an d i n p ro c e s s O f t i m e t h e u s e O i s u rn a m e s b e c a m e u n iv e r s al
,
.
.

t h e on l y ex c e p t i o n s i n E n gl a n d b e i n g t h e m e m b e r s O f t h e ro y a l
fam i l y wh o S i gn by t h e i r b ap t i sm al n a m e s o n l y
, .
76 S URN A M E B OO K .

T h e fre e d om e n j o y e d i n E n gl a n d a n d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a s to
th e k i n d o f Ch ri st i a n n a m e w h i c h may b e gi v e n to a c h i l d i s s om e ,

w h a t l i m i t e d i n F ran c e a n d Ge rm a n y I n F ra n c e by a d e c re e Of .
,

t h e I I Ge rm i n al th e o n l y n a m e s p e rm i tt e d to b e re c o rd e d i n t h e
,

c i v i l re gi st e r a s Ch ri st i an n a m e s of c h i l d re n w e re
t h o s e O f s a i n t s i n t h e c a l e n d a r an d t h e n a m e s Of p e r so n age s k n o w n
i n a n c i e n t h i s to r y E v e n a t t h e p re s en t d ay a n O f fi c i a l l i s t i s i s s u e d
.

( rev i se d f ro m t i m e t o t i m e ) c o n ta i n i n g a s e l e c t i o n O f fo re n a m e s ,

a n d n o n a m e o f a c h i l d w i l l b e re gi s te re d u n l e s s i t o c c u r s i n t h i s

“
l i s t A l i m i t at i o n m o re o r l e s s s i m i l a r p re v a i l s i n Ge r m an y a n d
.

ot h e r E u rop ea n c o u n t ri e s .

‘
A S re ga rd s t h e s u rn a m e ( F re n c h s u rn o m n a m e i n a d d i t i o n )
’

, ,

c u s to m h a s u n i v e r s al l y d e c re e d t h a t a m a n s h al l b e kn o w n by t h e
n am e O f h i s fa t h e r B u t i n E n gl a n d a n d t h e U n i t e d S t at e s at l e a st
.
, , ,

t h i s c u s to m i s n o t l e gal l y b i n d i n g ; th e re i s n o l a w p re v e n t i n g a
m a n fro m ta k i n g w h a t e v e r n a m e h e h a s a fa n c y fo r n o r a re th e re ,

a n y p a rt i c u l a r fo rm al i t i e s re q u i re d t o b e Ob s e rv e d o n a dop t i n g a
fre s h s u rn a m e ; b u t o n t h e o t h e r h a n d i f a m a n h a s b e e n kn o w n
, ,

f o r a c o n s i d e rab l e t i m e by t h e n a m e O f h i s fa t h e r o r by a n a m e O f ,

rep u t e a n d be c h an ge s i t f o r a n o t h e r h e c a n n o t c o m p e l o th e r s to
, .

a d d re s s h i m o r d e s i gn at e h i m by t h e n e w o n e N e i th e r d o e s t h e .

E n gl i sh l a w re c ogn i z e t h e ab s o l u t e ri gh t O f an y p e r so n i n a n y p a r
t i c u l ar n am e to t h e e xt e n t o f p re v e n t i n g a n ot h e r p e r so n f ro m a s s u m
i n g i t I f h ow e v e r a p e r s o n a dop t s a n e w n a m e an d w i sh e s t o
. . .

h av e i t p u b l i c l y n o t i fi e d an d re c ogn i z e d i n O f fi c i a l c i rc l e s t h e m e t h o d ,

O f p ro c e d u re u s u al l y a d op t e d i s t h a t by ro y al l i c e n s e T h i s i s by .

p e t i t io n p re p a re d a n d p re s e n t e d t h ro u gh th e H e ra l d s O f fi c e I f
,
’
.

gran te d th e roy a l l i c e n s e i s gi v e n u n d e r t h e s i gn m a n u a l a n d p ri v y
,

s e a l O f th e s ov e re i gn c o u n t e r s i gn e d by t h e h o m e s e c re t a r y In
, .

wi l l s a n d s e t t l e m e n t s a c l au s e i s Oft e n i n s e rt e d w h e re b y a t e s t a to r o r
s e tt l e r i m p o s e s u p o n t h e t ak e r s o f t h e e s t at e a n Ob l i ga t i o n to a s s u m e
h i s n a m e a n d b e a r h i s a rm s T h e s tam p d u t y p a y a b l e fo r a ro y al
.

l i c e n s e i n t h i s c a s e i s fi fty p o u n d s b u t i f t h e ap p l i c at i o n i s m e re l y
.

v o l u n t a r y t h e s t a m p d u ty i s t e n p o u n d s \V h e re t h e re i s a m o re .

fo r m a l a d op t i o n O f a s u rn a m e i t i s u s u al f o r p u rp o s e s O f p ub l i c i t y
. .

a n d ev i d e n c e t o a d v e rt i s e t h e c h an ge O f n a m e i n t h e n e w sp a p e r s

“
,

a n d t o ex e c u t e a d e e d p o l l s e t t i n g o u t t h e c h an ge a n d e n ro l l t h e ,

n a m e i n t h e c e n t ra l O f fi c e o f t h e s u p re m e c o u rt
‘

B o t h i n F ra n c e a n d G e rm a n y O f fi c i a l a u t h o ri z a t i o n m u s t b e
Ob t a i n e d fo r a n y c h a n ge O f n a m e B y th e Ge rm a n C o d e 1900 .

i f t h e r i gh t t o a n e w n am e i s d i sp u t e d by a n o th e r o r h i s i n t e re s t i s

“
i n j u re d t h e re b y t h e p e r s o n e nt i t l e d c a n c o m p e l t h e ab a n d on m e n t
,

Of t h e n e w n a m e .

I n E n gl a n d a w i fe o n m a rri age a d o p t s t h e s u rn am e o f h e r
.

h u sb a n d d i s re ga rd i n g e n t i re l y h e r m a i d e n s u rn a m e ; i n S c ot l a n d
.

t h e p ra c t i c e u s u al l y i s f o r t h e w i fe t o re t a i n h e r m a i d e n n a m e f o r
al l l ega l p u rp o s e s a d d i n g t h e n a m e o f h e r h u sb an d a s a n a l i a s O n
. .
 P A T R O N Y M I C S O R S IR E N A M E S .

“
A m on g t h e v e ry e a rl i e s t an d c o m m o n e s t fo rm s O f s u rn a m e s
w e fi n d t h a t t h e c u s to m O f s u rn a m i n g a c h i l d b y a d d i n g
’
so n to h i s n a m e i s t h e m o s t p op u l a r a n d u n i v e r s al A d a m s S o n .
,

D av i d s so n s p ok e n O f i n th e B i b l e a s t h e so n o f A d am an d t h e
’

, ,

so n O f D av i d i s s h o rt e n e d i n m o d e rn t i m e s i h t w o w ay s ; o n e i s b y

“
.
,

h av i n g t h e so n a tt ac h e d p e rm a n e n t l y to t h e fi r s t n am e a s A d a m , ,

so n D av i d so n W i l l i am so n J o h n so n A n d e r so n M a t th e w so n e t c
, , , , , ,
.
,

e t c T h e s e c o n d c u sto m w a s s i m p l y t o k e e p t h e s o n t h e e n d o f
.
”

th e wo rd A d a m s A n d re w s e t c

“
, .
, ,

T h i s p a t ro n y m i c fo rm o f s u rn a m e s i s v a r i e d i n d i f f e re n t c o u n
t ri e s TO t h i s d ay i n Yo rk sh i re an d L a n c a s h i re a n d W a l e s y o u
.

’ ’ ’ ’
w i l l h e a r a m a n sp o k e n O f b y h i s n e i gh b o r s a s B i l l s O J a c k s O

“
”
D i c k s O H a rr y s O T o m s m e an i n g o f c o u r s e t h at t h e fi r s t m a n
’ ’ ’ ’ ’

“ “
, , ,

w a s t h e so n O f J ac k w h o wa s t h e so n O f D i c k w h o wa s th e s o n o f
”
H a rr y w h o w a s t h e so n o f To m I n W a l e s t h e t e rm u s e d i s ap . .

T h i s ap t h e W e l s h e q u i v al e n t o f o u r E n gl i s h s o n w h e n i t
, ,

c om e s b e fo re a n a m e b e gi n n i n g w i t h a v o w e l h a s i n m a n y i n s t an c e s ,

b e c o m e i n c o rp o ra t e d w i t h i t a s ap O we n ( B o w e n ) ap R i c e ( P ri c e ) , , ,

ap H o we l ( P ow e l l ) .

A p H u gh h a s gi v e n u s P ugh ; A p —
-
R e e c e h a s gi v e n u s P re e c e ;
A p E v a n B e v an ; A p — R Ob e rt P ro b e rt ; A p Ro ge r P ro d g e r ; A p

“ “
, ,

R i c h a rd P ri c h a rd ; A p H u m p h re y P u m p h re y
, , .

T h e N o rm a n p a t ro n y m i c w a s s i m i l a rl y fo rm e d b u t i n p l a c e o f ,
’’ ” ”
ap t h e y u s e d fi t z w h i c h i s a c o rrup t i o n o f th e F re n c h fi l s
,

( so n ) t h u s s u c h n am e s a s : Fi t z G i b b on F i t z G e ral d F i t z P at ri c k - - -

“
,

Fi tz W ary n F i t z R a u f F i t z P ay n F i t z —
, ,

, R i c h a rd or F i t z N e e l e
-
,
-
, ,
-
,

w e re c o m m o n e n o u gh 200 o r 300 y e a r s ag o i n E n gl a n d .

SO al s o t h e G a l l i c m a c m e an i n g so n i s p re fi xe d t o S c o tt i s h , ,

n am e s a s M ac F ad y e n M ac D o n al d M ac M a st e r M ac E w e n a n d s o
, , , , .
,

fo rt h an d al s o b e c a m e i n t i m e p e rm a n e n t a n d h e re d i ta ry a n d i s "

“
, ,

n o t u n c om m o n i n o u r p re s e n t d ay d i re c t o ri e s -
.

B u t t h e m o s t c o m m o n o f a l l t h e p a t ro n y m i c a d d i t i o n s i s t h e
—
A n gl o S axo n so n ”
T h i s ap p e a r s i n a c o u n t l e s s n u m b e r O f n a m e s
.
:

R i c h a rd so n J a m e so n W i l l i a m s on Jo h n so n H a rol d so n Goo d w i n
, , , , ,

s on B al d w i n so n o r B al d e r s o n an d s o o n ad i n fi n i t u m N o r d i d
, , . .

t h i s a f fi x fo rm p at ro n y m i c s f ro m t h e o ri gi n a l n a m e o n l y It .

h a s a l wa y s b e e n c u s to m a r y to ab b re v i a te n am e s T h u s D av i d h a s .

b e c o m e D av e o r D aw e ; I sa a c h a s b e c o m e Ik o r H i kk e ; W a l t e r h a s
,

b e c o m e W a t t ; Jo h n h a s b e c o m e J a c k a n d s o fo rt h T h e s e abbre . .

v i at e d fo rm s h av e t h e m s e l v e s gi v e n r i s e t o s u rn a m e s Th u s D awe .
 PA T R O N Y M I C S OR SI RE NA M ES . 79

gi v e s D a w s on D av e gi v e s D a v i so n W at t gi v e s VV att so n o r W at , ,

s on a n d J ac k g 1y e s J a c k so n
. .

“ “
”
T h e A n gl o S ax o n i n g si g n i fi e s so n Of o r d e sc e n d a n t s O i
-

e g A t h o l i n g m e a n t so n o f A t h o l a n d E d w a rd i n g so n o f E d wa rd ,
.

“
. .

”
,
”
I n g a s a t e rm i n a t i v e a l so h a s t h e s i gn i fi c at i o n o f d we l l e r s at .

“
A s a n i l l u st ra t i o n of t h e o u tgro w t h f ro m s i re n am e s w e h av e -

th e fol l o w i n g f ro m M i s s Yo u n g s C h ri st i a n N a m e s ’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’

F ro m S i mo n w e ge t S i m p k i n s an d S i m c ox f ro m G e o f f re‘ y
’ ’
,

‘ ‘ ‘
‘ ‘ E l ’ ’

J e ff k i n s a n d J e c o c s‘;
f f k
’
fro m M a ry M a ri o t t ; fro m E l i a s ’ ’
.

O
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l i o t t ; fro m E m m a o r E m m e
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Em mett
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o r E m m ot t ’
t h e r 111
,
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.

s ta n c e s w i l l O f f e r t h e m s e l v e s t o t h e s t u d e n t .
.

‘ ‘ ’
Ro b e rt i s o n e o f s u c h T h e d i m i n u t i v e R O byn e t i s ab so l u t e
’
.
.

‘ ‘ ’ ’

b u t o f ot h e r fo rm s t h a t s t i l l t h r i v e a m o n g u s a re R ob e rt s Rob a rt s , ,

‘
‘
Ro b e rt so n Ro b b i n s R ob i n s o n Rob i so n an d Rob s o n
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,
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i t s s h o rt e n e d Do b a re D ob b s
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a n d D ob i s o n
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so n H ob b i n s H op k i n s a n d H o p k i n so n
’
,
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’
. , ,

w e ge t a s c o n t ra c t i o n s O f A p ro b e rt a n d A p —rob i n P rob e rt a n d
.

‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’
-
,
‘ ‘ ’
P ro by n T h u s R ob e rt i s n o t l e ft w i th o u t re m e m b ra n c e
.
’
.

T h e s u rn a m e s fo r m e d fro m G i l b e rt t o o p rov e h i s p op u l a ri t y .
.

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
B e s i d e s G i l b e rt h i m s e l f w e h a v e G i b b s G i b b i n s G i bb o n s G i b
’
. , . ,

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so n .
’
Gi bbo n so n an d Gipp s A b o u t o u r L a m b e rt s t h e re i s n o
.
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.
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d i f fi c u l t y a fa i r sp r i n k l i n g b e i n g fo u n d i n e v e ry re c o r d T h i s t o o
,
.
, ,

h a d t o s u c c u m b t o th e p re v a i l i n g fa s h i o n an d t h u s i t i s w e may
, ,
‘ ‘ ’ ’
s t i l l m e e t w i t h s u c h n a m e s a s L a m p s o n a n d L am p k i n Thi s lat .

t e r wo u l d s e e m p e rh ap s t o b e b u t a s ob ri q u e t gi v e n o n a c c o u n t O f
, ,

th e M o s e s —l i k e d i sp o s i t i o n Of i t s fi r s t p o s s e s so r b u t s u c h i s n ot t h e .

‘
c a s e A L ambek y n fi l i u s E l i o c c u r s i n t h e re c o rd s O f t h e T o w e r ’

“
.

o f L o n do n a n d I h av e a l s o m e t w i t h i t e l s e w h e re i n a b ap t i s m al
,

fo rm .

‘ ’
W e h av e t h re e fa mi l i ar N o rm a n n a m e s i n R oge r R a l p h a n d , ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
H u gh F ro m t h e fi r s t w e ge t s u c h t i t l e s a s R oge r s Ro d ge r s
.
’
. ,
‘
a n d Ro d ge r s o n ; an d fro m H o d ge i t s n i c kn a m e H o d ge H o d g
‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’
e

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k i n s H o t c h k i s s H o sk i n s H o d gk i n so n H o d g s o n a n d H o d s o n
,
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,
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, , , ,

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a n d t h ro u gh t h e W e l sh P ro d g e r F ro m R al p h o r R ad u l p h o f . .
’ ’
.

w h o m t h e re w e re t h i rty — e i gh t i n D o m e s d a y w e h a v e re c e i v e d o u r ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’
Ral f s Rawe s ,
’
Raw son s Rawl in s R aw l i n g s
,
’
R a wl i n so n s ,
’
, , ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’
Ro l l i n s R o l l i n so n s
,
’
R aw k i n s R ap ki n s a n d R ap so n s ,
Th i s , ,
.
,

fro m o c c u p y i n g a p l a c e i n t h e fo re m o s t ra n k o f e a rl y fa vo r i t e s h a s ,

b e c o m e w e l l n i gh Ob so l e t e W e re i t n o t fo r t h e W e l s h w e m i gh t .

al m o s t h av e s a i d t h e sa m e o f H u gh T h e s p e l l i n g s o f t h i s l a t t e r .

‘ ’
n a m e w e re v a ri o u s W i t h N o rm an w ri t e r s i t i s H u gu e s w i t h .
,
‘ ‘ ’
C h a u c e r i t i s H u e a n d w i t h H e y wo o d l at e r o n i t i s H e w e T h e s e
’
.
. ,

se v e ral d i ff e re n c e s a re w e l l m a rk e d i n t h e p a t ro n y m i c s fo rm e d fro m
‘ ‘ ’
t h e m A m o n g t h e m o re ge n e ral w e m a y m e n t i o n H u ggi n s H u tc h
. .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
H u g g i n so n
’ ’ ’ ’
1n s ,
H u t c h i n s on H o wl e t t H u l l et
,
H e wl e tt , , . ,
 0 S UR N A M E B OO K .

“
‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
Huet H ewet ,
"
H ow i t t H o w so n H u gh e s an d
, ,
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,
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,
‘ ’
H e w so n .

‘ ‘
F ro m t h e n am e p rop e r w e ge t R i c h a rd a n d R i c h a rd so n ’
,
’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
R i c k s a n d Rix R i c k so n a n d R ixo n o r R i t so n R i c h a rd s a n d
’
,
’

,
’

‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
R i c ke tt s Fro m t h e c u rt e r D i c k o r D i c c o n w e d e ri v e D i c k s o r
.
,
’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ’
D ix D i c k so n o r D i xo n D i c ke n s o r D i c c o n s a n d D i c k e n s o n
,
’

, ,
’

‘ ‘ ’
or F ro m H i tc h i n o n c e n e a rl y a s fa m i l i a r a s D i c k , ,
’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’
w e ge t H i t c h i n s H i t c h i n so n H i t c h c o c k a n d H i t c h c ox , , , .
’

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H a rr y gi v e s u s H e n ry s H arri se s H a rr i so n s H al l et s
,
’

, ,
’

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’ ’

‘ ‘

“
‘
H aw k i n se s a n d H aw k i n so n s ; to s ay n ot h i n g O f t h e
’ ’ ’
H al k e t s , ,
‘ ‘ ’
W e l s h Pa rr y s an d P e n ry s ’
.

‘ ’
T h e s u rn a m e s t h at h a v e d e s c e n d e d to u s fro m W i l l i a m a n d
‘
J oh n a re w e l l n i gh n u m b e rl e s s— fa r t oo m a n y f o r e n u m e rat i o n
’

h e re TO b e gi n w i t h t h e fo rm e r h o w e v e r we fi n d t h a t t h e s i m p l e
.
, ,
‘ ‘
W i l l i a m s a n d W i l l i a m so n o c c u p y wh o l e p age s o f o u r d i re c to ri e s
’ ’
.

‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
B es i d e s t h e s e w e h a v e fro m t h e c u rt e r W i l l W i l l s W i l l i s a n d ’
, ,
‘ ‘ ’ ’
W i l s o n fro m t h e d i m i n u t i v e G u i l l e m o t o r G w i l l o t a s i t i s o ft e n ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
s p e l t i n Ol d e n re c o rd s G i l l ot G i l l o t t an d G i l l e t t ; o r fro m W i l ’ ’ ’

“
, , ,
‘ ‘
l i amo t t h e m o re E n g l i s h fo rm Of t h e s a m e V i l l m o t W i l mo t
,
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W i l l o t W i l l et t a n d V i l l e rt I n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h th e p e t a d
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d e n d a O f S w e ge t W i l k s W i l k i n s a n d W i l k i n so n a n d Wi l
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’

,
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c ox W i l c o c so n a n d W i l c o c k so n
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,
’
.
’
,
‘ ‘ ’
t i v e s O f t h e m o re c o rru p t fo rm s i n s u c h n a m e s a s W e e k s Wick ,

i n s W i c k en so n an d B i l l an d B i l s o n
’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
,
M r L o w e r w h o do e s n o t
,
’
.
’
.
,

q uo t e a n y au t h o ri ty fo r th e s t a t e m e n t a l l e ge s t h at t h e re wa s a n Ol d ,

p ro v i n c i a l n i c k n a m e f o r W i l l i a m — v i z T i l w h e n c e T i l so n T i l
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
.
, ,
’

’ ‘ ‘ ‘
l ot T i l l o t so n an d T i l l y
, T h a t t h e s e a re sp ru n g fro m T i l l i s
,
’
.
’ ’

e v i d e n t but t h e re c a n b e n o re a s o n ab l e d o u b t t h a t t h i s i s b u t t h e
,
‘
s t i l l ex i st i n g c u rt a i l m e n t O f M at i l d a w h i c h a s th e m o s t fa m i l i a r ,
’
,

fe m a l e n a m e O f t h a t d ay wo u l d o ri gi n at e m a n y a fa m i l y s o e n t i t l e d , .

‘
Ty l l o t t T h o m p s on i s a n a m e o c c u rri n g i n Yo rk i n 1414 T h u s i t
’
.

’
i s t o t h e c on q u e ro r s w i fe a n d n o t h i m s e l f th e s e l at t e r o w e th e i r , ,
’
ri s e I t i s n o t t h e fi r s t t i m e a w i fe s p rop e rt y h a s t h u s b e e n ru d e l y
.

’
w re n c h e d fro m h e r fo r h e r h u sb a n d s b e n e fi t T h e s u rn a m e s fro m .

‘
J o h n a re a s m u l t i fa ri o u s a s i s p o s s i b l e i n t h e c a s e Of a mo n o syl l a
’

“
b l e i n ge n u i t y i n t h e c o n t rac t i o n t h e re o f b e i n g th u s m a n i fe st l y
,

limited .

J oh n a s a s u rn a m e i s v e r y ra re ; b u t t h i s h a s b e e n w e l l at o n e d ‘

‘ ‘
fo r by Jo n e s w h i c h a d d i n g J o h n aga i n a s a p rae n o m e n wo ul d b e
,
’
,
’
,

( a s h a s b e e n w e l l s a i d by t h e R e gi s t ra r —
Ge n e ral ) i n W a l e s a p e r
e t u a l i n c ogn i t o a n d b e i n g p roc l a i m e d a t t h e c ro s s o f a m a rk e t tow n
p ,
‘ ’
wo u l d i n d i c a t e n o o n e i n p a rt i c u l a r C e rt a i n l y J o h n Jo n e s i n t h e .
, ,

P ri n c i p a l i t y i s b u t a l i v i n g c o n t ra c t i o n t o t h e p u rp o s e s fo r wh i c h
,

n a m e s a n d s u rn am e s c am e i n to ex i st e n c e B e s i d e s t h i s h o w ev e r . ,
.

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’
w e h av e Joh n so n a n d J o n so n J o h n c o c k an d J e n k i n s J e n n i n g s ’
,
’
,

a n d J e n ki so n J a c k so n J e n k s a n d G i n x
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
,
’
B e s i d e s se v e ra l O f t h e ,
’ ’
.
’
 PA T R O N Y M I C S OR S IR E NA M ES . 81

‘ ’
ab ov e i t i s t o th e W e l sh a n d S c o tc h a l s o w e o we o u r I v e n s ( ap
. , , ,
‘ ‘ ‘
J oh n ) E v a n s I v a n I v i n s a n d B e v a n s ( i e ap E v an ) w h i c h
. . ,
’
,
’ ’
. .
,
-
,

a re b u t sp ru n g f ro m t h e s a m e n a m e T h e Fl e m i n g s to o h a ve n o t .
, ,
.

s u ff e re d t h e i r fo rm o f i t t o d i e o u t f o r l a c k O f s u p p o rt ; f o r i t i s w i t h
‘ ‘ ‘ ’
th e s e t t l e m e n t o f H a n s o r J o h n a m e re ab b re v i a t i o n o f J oh a n n e s .
’
,
’

‘ ‘ ‘
we a re to d a t e t h e ri s e O f o u r fa m i l y H a n so n s H a n k i n s H an k i n ,
’
,
’

’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
so n s an d H a n c oc k s o r H an d c o c k s N o r i s t h i s al l J o h n e n j oy e d
. , .
’

'
.

t h e p e c u l i a r p re ro ga t i v e o f b e i n g ab l e to a tt a c h t o i t s e l f a dj e c t i v e s
o f a fl a t t e ri n g o r a t l e a st h a rm l e s s n at u re a n d i s s u i n g fo rt h a n d
b e c o m i n g a c c e p t e d by t h e wo rl d t h e re w i t h T h u s —t h o ugh w e sh a l l
, ,

h av e t o n ot i c e i t aga i n — from t h e p ra i s e w o rt h y e f f o rt t o d i s t i n gu i s h
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‘ ’

,
‘ ‘ ‘
m i n d s s u c h n a m e s a s P ru j e an a n d G ro s j e a n M i k el j o h n an d
’ ’ ’

,
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t h e e s t i m a b l e B on j oh n A l t oge th e r w e may c l a i m fo r J o h n a .
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p ro m i n e n t i f n o t d i s t i n gu i sh e d p o s i t i o n i n t h e an n a l s O f E n gl i s h
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n o m e n c l a t u re .

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w h e n c e c o m e A d a m A d a m s o n A d ye A d c o c k A d
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d y m a n ( s e rv a n t O f A d a m ) A d i so n A d k i n s A t k i n s o n
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A g i l w ard ; w h e n c e c o me A y d w ard
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‘ ‘
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Saunde rs
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S an d e rc o c k M c A l l i st e r P al i st e r ( ap A l i s t e r )
‘ ‘
,
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“
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A n d re w ; w h e n c e c o m e A n d e r s o n A n so n A n d re w s H e n , , ,

d e r so n H e n so n A n d e rto n
‘
,
’ ‘
,
’
.
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‘ ‘
A n t h o n y ; w h e n c e c o m e To n s o n T e n n i s o n ( o r fro m D e n ,
’ ’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
n i s ) To wn s o n To n k i n s T o n e y To n k s ’ ’ ’ ’

“
.
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‘
A n se l m ; w h e n c e c o m e A n s e l l ( o r fro m A n c e l o t c o n t ra c t i on
’
,

Of Lancelot .

‘ ‘ ‘ ’
A r c h i bal d ; w h e n c e c o m e A rc h i so n B al d e r so n A rc h bu t t ,
’
,
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‘ ‘ ‘
M c A rt h u r B a rt h
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A rt h u r ; w h e n c e c o m e A t ty
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B ar t h o l o me w ; w h e n c e c o m e B a rt l e t t
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B e n e d i c t ; w h e n c e co m e B e n n e t t B en son B en n ie B en n , . ,
‘ ‘ ’ ’
B e n n e st o n B en i son . .

‘ ‘
B ri c e ; w h e n c e c o m e B ry s o n B ry c e b u t ge n e ral l y fo r A p ,
’
,
’

‘ ’ ‘ ’
C aesar ; w h e n c e c om e K ey sar C ayz e r

“
.
,
‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘
C h ar l e s ; w h e n c e c o m e C h a rl e y C a r ro l l O C arro l l ( o r f ro m
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C e a rbh o i l ) K e l so n ( b u t K e l so n m ay c o m e f ro m N i c h ol s o n )
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.
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‘ ‘ ’
C h r i st o p h er ; w h e n c e c o m e C h ri sto p h e rso n ’
C h r i st i s o n . ,
‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’
Ch ri s t i e K i tt s K i t so n K e at e s K i t t o
, , , , .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
D av i d ; w h e n c e c o m e D av i d s o n
’ ’
D ay s o n , , Davi s ,
’
D av i e s ,
’
l 82 S UR N A M E B O O K .

“
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
D u f f y D ak i n s ’ ’ ’
D av e y D awe D aw k i n s
,
D aw e s D av i dge ,
’
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D av i tt D a w s o n D aw k e s
, ,
.
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‘ ‘
D a n c e D an so n Tan c o c k
’
D an i e l ; wh e n c e c o m e D an c et
’
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, , ,

‘ ‘
D e n n i s ; w h e n c e c o m e D e n n i son T e n n y s o n ( o r fro m A n ,
’ ’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
t h on y s s o n )
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D e n s o n D y so n D e n n y D yat t D y e t t
, ,
’

,
’

, ,
’
.

‘ ‘ ’
D o n a l d ; w h e n c e co m e D on al d s on Don ki n ,

“
‘
E d w a r d ; wh e n c e c o m e E d wa rd e s E d k i n s E d es B e d d o e , , .
’

‘
( ap E d wa rd s ) E d d i so n
’
.
,
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E dm u n d ; w h e n c e c o m e E d m u n d s E m so n
’ ’ ’
E d m u n d so n , , ,

E m p s on
-
.
’

‘ ’
E d w i n ; w h e n c e c o m e W i n so n W i n s to n

“
.
,
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E l i as ; w h e n c e c o m e E l l i s E l l i so n E l l i o t E l l i o t so n E l l e t ,
’
,
’
, ,
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E l k i n s E l l i c o c k E l l i ot t E a l e s E e l e s
, , , . .

‘ ‘ ’ ’
F r an c i s ; w h e n c e c o m e F ra n k s F ra n so n

“
.
,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
G e o f f r e y ; w h e n c e c om e J e f f so n J e f f e r s on J e f f s J ef f r1e s , , . .

‘ ‘
J ep so n J e f c o c k

“
, .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
G e r ar d ; w h e n c e c o m e G a rro d
’ ’
Ga rre tt G a rri c k J a rre d , , , ,
‘ ‘
Je rol d J a r ra t t ’ ’

“
, .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
G i l be r t ; w h e n c e c o m e G i l b e rt so n
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G i b so n Gibb s Gib , , ,
‘ ‘ ‘
b i n gs G i bb on G i l bard G i l p i n ( f ro m G i bb —k i n )
,
’
,
’

,
’ ’
.

‘ ‘ ‘
G o d ri c k ; wh e n c e c o m e Go o d ri c h
’
Go d ri c h G O O d ri d g e s , .
’

‘ ‘
G o d w i n ; w h e n c e c om e Goo d w i n Go d d e n Go d d i n g Go do n ~
’

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, , , .

‘ ‘ ‘ '

G r e g o r y ; wh e n c e c o m e G re gs o n
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’

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‘
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’

“
.

‘ ‘
H arm o n o r A y mo n ; w h e n c e c o m e H a m o n d H amp son ,
’
,
7

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
H a m m e t t H amm i c k al s o a s d i m i n u t i v e H a m l y n H a m l e y
,
’

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’
,
’
.
’

‘ ‘ ‘ ’
H en r y ; wh e n c e c o m e H a rri so n H a r ri s Haw ’ ’
H a w so n

“
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‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
k i n s H al s e H a we s H al l e t H al k et H ac ke t A l l c oc k P a rry
,
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’
, , , ,
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H a rri m an ( s e rv a n t O f H a rr y ) H a l l ’
,
.
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‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
H ugh ; w h e n c e c o m e H u gh e s H e w so n P ugh H u t c h i n s ’ 3

“
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‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
H u gg i n s H o d gk i n s H o sk i n s o n
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Isaa c ; w h e n c e c o m e I s a ac so n an d p o s s i b l y H i c k s H i gg s ’ ’

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a n d H u gh t h e n e d l e rs , .
’

‘
Iv o a n d Iv ar ; w h e n c e c o m e I v i s o n I v e r s M ac Iv e r ’

“
. .

‘ ‘ ‘
J am e s ; w h e n c e c o m e
’
Jame son J i m s on J e am e s J a c ox , , ,
’

‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’
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, , , . ,
’
.
’
.
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‘ ‘ ‘ ’

J o h n ; w h e n c e c om e J oh n s on J o n so n Jenkin s ’ ’

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’
.
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,
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I a n s J e v on s Jo y n e s J e a n s H an s ’ ’

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, , , , .

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J o se p h w h e n c e c o m e J o s e p h s J o sk i n
, Jo se Jeph son ,
’
,
’
,
’

,
’

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J e s s o p ( G u i s ep p e ) .

‘ ‘
K e n n e t h ; w h e n c e c o m e K e n n e d y an d M c K e n z i e
’ ’
.

‘ ‘ ‘
L amb e r t w h e n c e c om e La m p so n La m b k i n
, L ambet t , ,
’

‘
( wh e n c e L a m p e rt ’
.
 PA T R O N Y M I C S OR S I RE NA M ES . 83
l

“
‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘
L e w so n
’
L ev i ; wh en c e com e Levi son L a w so n L e e so n , , , ,

‘
L e w i s a s i f fo r L o u i s
,
’
.

“
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
M arc oc k
’
M ar k ; w h e n c e c o m e M a rk s
’ ’ ’
M a rson M a rk i n , , , ,

‘ ‘
M arc h e so n
’ ’
M a rc e t , .

‘ ‘ ‘
M at t h e w ; w h e n c e c o m e
’ ’
M a th e son M at h e w s M at s o n , , ,

“
‘ ‘ ‘
a h e u ) M ay f o r M a h e u M a t k 1n
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Vl a d d 1s on M a h e w F re n c t ’
1 , ,
1 , ,

‘ ’
Makin .

“
‘
M au r i c e ; w h e n c e c o m e M o r r i s M o rr i s on M a w s o n M ox , , ,
‘ ’ ’
on , M o r s on M o rs e , .

‘
M i c h ael ; w h e n c e c o m e M i t c h e l l M i t c h e so n K i l so n , ,

‘ ’
N i c h o l as ; w h e n c e c o m e N i c h o l s N i c ho l so n N ixon C o l e s

“
, , , ,

‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’
Col l i s ,
Col l i son Co l l i n s Col s o n C ol l i n ,
Co l l e t t
’
Cl o s e ,
’
, , , ,
‘ ‘ ’ ’
C l ow e s G l a s c oc k , .

‘
P a t r i c k ; w h e n c e c o m e P at ri c k so n P ad so n P a t t i so n G i l

“
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‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
p a t ri c k K i l p at ri c k
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‘ ’ ‘
P et h i c k
’
T h e s e l a s t t w o a re f ro m P e t ro c k
. .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
P et e r ; w h e n c e c o m e P e t e r s o n
’
P e t e rs P ierson P i e rc e ’

“
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‘ ’
P h ili p ; whence come Ph il lip s P h i l l ip s o n P h i p so n P h i p p s , , , ,
‘
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‘ ’
R al p h ; w h e n c e c o m e R aw l i n s R a w l i n s o n Ro w e Ra p so n

“
, , , ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’
Ra w so n Rawe s Ro l fe R aw ki n s R aw l e Rol l e
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, , , , , , ,
‘ ’
Ro l e y .

‘
‘
R i c h a rd s ‘
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’ ’
R i c h ard ; wh e n c e eo m e
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D icks , , ,
‘
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’
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D i c k e n s ( w h e n n o t fro m D i go ry )
’ ’ ’

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’

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‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
R i c h a r d s R i c k e t t s R i c k so n
, , .
’

‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’
R obe r t ; w h e n c e c o m e Rob b i n s Rob e rt s o n Rob s o n , , ,
‘
D ‘ ‘
ob b s D o b so n D ob i e H o b b s H o b s o n H op k i n s Rob e rt s ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’

“
, , , , , , ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
R o bart e s H op k i n so n P rob e rt ( ap R ob e rt ) P ro by n ( ap Rob i n ) ,
’ ’
,
’
,
‘ ’
H ob b i n s H ob b e s , .

‘
R o g er ; w h e n c e c o m e Roge r s Roge r s on H o d ge H o d ge s , , , ,
’

H o d gs o n H o d gk i n s H o s k i n g H o s k i n s o n H o d gm a n D o dge
‘ ‘
‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’
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‘ ‘
P ro d g e r D o d s o n D u d ge o n
,
’‘
,
’
.
’

‘
Samso n ; w h e n c e c o m e S a m p s o n
’
S a m s o n S am m s , , .

‘ ‘ ‘
Sam u el ; w h e n c e c o m e S a m u e l s o n
.

’ ’
Sam wel l S mol lett ’

“
, , .

S i mo n ; wh e n c e c o m e S i m o n d s
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
Symon d s Sim mon s Sim s , ,
’

,
’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
S y m e s S i m s on S i m p ki n S i mk i n son S i m c o e S i m c ox
,
’

,
’

,
’

,
’
,
’
.
’

‘ ‘ ‘
S o l o mo n ; w h e n c e c o m e S a l m a n S al m o n S ammo n d s ’ ’ ’
, , .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
S w eyn ; wh e n c e c o m e S w a i n e
’ ’
S w a n so n S w i n s o n S w ay n , , ,
’

‘
Th omas ; w h e n c e c o m e T h o m s Tom s T h o m p so n T h o rn , , ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
To ml y n To mk i n so n
’ ’ ’
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’

,
’

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’

‘ ’ ‘ ‘
Tho m s e tt To mbl mg Ta p s o n Tap l i n g
,
’
, ,
’
.
84 S URN A M E B OO K .

“
‘
Ti mo t h y ; wh enc e come Tim m s ,
’ ‘
Timb s ,
’

mi n s , T1mc o c k .

W al t e r ; wh e n c e c om e W a l t e r s ‘
W a t t s W a t so n W at k i n s , , , ,
’

‘ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ‘
V au t i e r Goo d y e a r ( fro m F re n c h Ga u t i e r ) W at e r so n W at ’
, , ,

kin son ’

W i l l i am ; wh e n c e co m e Will iam s ‘
W i l l i a m so n W i l so n ,
’ ‘
,
’ ‘
,
’

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’
Will s .
’
Wilkin s ,
’
W yl i e ,
’
W i l l e tt G i l l o tt W e l l i n g s B i l l B i l
, ,
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’

’
son .

TO
th i s l i s t O f p at ro n y m i c s m u s t b e a d d e d o n e o f m e t ro n y m i c s

“
.

’
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n a m e s an d n o t t h o s e O f th e i r fat h e r s w e re b a s eb o rn
, , .

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.
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c ep ted p o i n t t o a s t at e o f d e m o ra l i z a t i on i n E n gl a n d a t t h e t i m e
, ,

wh e n s u rn a m e s we re a s s u m e d t h at i s t ru l y ap p al l i n g ; n ot o n l y so , ,

b u t to t h e i n d i f f e ren c e E n gl i s h p e op l e s h ow e d t o b e i n g p ro c l ai m e d
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, , ,

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.
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B a rd sl ey s l i s t
’
I w i l l gi v e s om e o f w h a t h e c al l s m e t ron y m i c s :
.

‘ ‘ ’
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‘ ‘ ‘ ’
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“
.
, .
,

B u t w h y may n ot t h e n a m e o f S t E t h e l re d a h av e b e e n a s s u m e d by .

so m e re s i d e n t l n th e I sl e Of E l y ou t O f d ev o t i o n to t h e s a i n t ? ,

‘ ‘
B ab b a n d B a rb e f o r B a rb a ra ’
P o s s i b l y e n o u gh rat h e r ,
’
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‘ ‘ ‘
fro m S t B a rb e a N o rm a n p l ac e n a m e
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.
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.

‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
i s f ro m B e t h u n e ; s o B e at i e a n d B e t t s a n d B e t s o n a re m e re So ft ’

‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
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‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
E p p s I sb e l L i b b y N i b b s K n i bb a re al l s up p o s e d to re p re s e n t
, , , , .
’

th e O f f s p ri n g o f I s ab e l l a o r I s o l t i t s d i m i n u t i v e .

‘ ‘ ’ ’
B e l l an d B e l l o t m ay m o re p ro b ab l y c o m e fro m t h e sh op o r
tav e rn s i gn .

‘ ‘ ’
Ca s s t h e s o n O f Ca s s an d ra ,
’
I t i s an ot h e r fo rm O f Ca s e .

‘ ’
C at l i n fro m Ca th e ri n e a N o rt h Co u n t ry fo rm
. , .

‘ ’
C e c i l t h e i l l e gi t i m at e so n O f C i c e l y P rob ab l y a p l ac e n a m e -

— Ch e s se l i n E s s ex
, .

, .

‘
C l ari d g a s o n o f C l a ri c e
’
, .

‘ ‘ ‘
Cu st a n c e C o se n s C u st e so n s on O f Con st a n c e I t i s t ru e
.
’
.
’

,
’
.

t h at C h a u c e r u s e s Cu st an c e an d Co n sta n c e a s form s O f t h e s a m e
n a m e b u t C u s t a n c e a c t u al l y s t an d s fo r Co u st ac e
, .

‘ ’
D e u c e s on O f D i on i s i a T h e n a m e w h i c h i s c o m m o n i n
, .
,
86 S URN A M E B OO K .

o r fro m Mo rri s M a u d e i s al so L e M au d i t ( s e e B a tt l e A b b e y Ro l l )
.
.

‘ ‘
Pa rn e l l an d P e rn e l l c o m e fro m P e t ro n e l l a an d t h e wo rd
’ ’
,

wa s u s e d t o d e s c ri b e a l i gh t — c h a ra c t e re d w e n c h .

‘
S i s so n fro m C i c e l y V e ry d o ub t fu l
,
’
. .

‘ ‘
Tag g et t f ro m A gn e s
’

,
’
T e gg h o w e v e r i s fro m .
, ,
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ’
T e agu e an d T agg i s i t s d i m i n u t i v e
,
’
,
’
T i l l e t t a n d T i l l ot son
.
,

fro m M a t i l d a .

I n t ra c i n g a t t h e p re s e n t d ay t h e ge n e al ogy O f a p at ro n y m i c
, , .

w e s h al l p a s s b a c kw a rd t h ro u gh s e v e ra l d i s t i n c t s t age s F i r s t i n .
,

t h e p e ri o d n e a re s t t o o u r ow n t i m e w e S h a l l fi n d a l i n e o f n am e s i n
,

w h i c h b o t h sp e l l i n g a n d u s e a re u n i fo rm a n d c on s t an t N ext w e .
,

s h al l p rob ab l y fi n d a n u m b e r Of n a m e s t h e sp e l l i n g o f w h i c h i s n o t
u n i fo rm T h e n w e s h al l p a s s t h ro u gh t h e s t age i n w h i c h t h e s u r
.

n a m e c h an ge d i n s u c c e s s iv e ge n e rat i o n s T h e n w i l l co m e p rob ab l y .

t h e p e ri o d wh e n c h i l d re n w e re c a l l e d i n fu l l t h e s o n o f o r t h e ,

d a u gh t e r o f th e fat h e r A n d fi n al l y i f w e h av e s u c c e e d e d i n t ra c
.
,

i n g t h e n a m e s o fa r w e s h al l c o m e a t l a s t t o t h e fi r s t p e rio d w h e n ,

e a c h p e r s o n h a d b u t a s i n gl e n a m e w i th o u t re fe re n c e t o t h e p a re n t
,

n a m e W e n e e d n ot fe e l b affl e d i f t h e fa m i l y n a m e o f R i c h a rd
.

W i l l i a m s d rop s s u d d e n l y f ro m t h e regi st e r an d t h e re ap p e a r s i n i t s
s te a d t h e n a m e o f W i l l i a m R i c h a rd s W e h av e p rob ab l y m e re l y .

re ac h e d th e u n st ab l e p e ri o d w h e n s u rn am e s c h an ge d f ro m ge n e ra
t i o n t o ge n e ra t i o n N o r n e e d w e fe e l al a rm e d i f th e n am e s B row n
.

an d G re e n d i s ap p e a r s u d d e n l y an d t h e re ap p e a r i n t h e i r s t e ad t h e
,

n a m e s B row n e a n d G re e n e ; o f i f G al l i c h er i s rep l a c e d b y G al l ac h e r ,

o r by G al l agh e r So m e t i m e s t h e s e d i f f e re n c e s a re d u e to d i f f e re n c e
.

O f d e ri va t i o n ; b u t Oft e n t h e y a re d u e t o t h e u n c e rta i n o rth ograp h y

o f p a ri s h c l e rk s o r s c ri v e n e r s W e s h o u l d b e s u re h o we v e r t h a t
-

.
, ,

t h e c o n n e c t i o n b e t we e n n a m e s i s c om p l e t e th a t th e d i f f e re n c e s a re ,

n ot d u e t o fam i l y d e r i v at i o n s .

Wi ll i am th e C on q u e ro r .
 B A TTL E A B B E Y N A M E S .

V\h e n W i l l i a m t h e Co n q u e ro r a c h i e v e d h i s gre a t v i c t o ry i n 1066

h e fo u n d e d a m on a s t e r y o n t h e s i t e w h e re wa s fo u gh t t h e B at t l e o f
H a st i n g s Th i s w a s k n o w n a s B at t l e A b b e y
b
.

Th e m o rn i n g a ft e r t h e b at tl e W i l l i a m s u m m o n e d a c l e rk to
,

h i s t e n t a n d b a d e h i m e n ro l l t h e n a m e s o f a l l t h o s e w h o h a d ae c o m
p an i e d h i m t o E n gl an d an d t h e n re a d t h e l i s t a l o u d t h a t h e m i gh t
.

l e a rn w h o h a d fa l l e n a n d wh o we re s t i l l al i v e H e t h e n s u m m on e d .

O d o B i sh op o f B a y e u x a n d c o m m an d e d h i m t o c e l e b rat e m a s s f o r
, ,

t h e so u l s O f h i s d e a d fo l l o w e r s A t th e c l o s e o f t h i s c h a p t e r W 111
.

b e fo u n d a l i s t o f t h o s e b a ron s w h o a tt e n d e d W i l l i a m t h e C o n q u e ro r
to E n gl an d a s gi v e n b y L e l a n d
B a t tl e A b b e y wa s b u i l t n o t o n l y a s a m e m o ri a l O f W i l l i a m s v i c
. .

t o ry b u t t o s e rv e a s a c h u rc h m w h i c h m a s s c o u l d b e s u n g a t st at e d
,

t i m e s fo r t h o s e N o rm a n b a ron s wh o h a d p e ri sh e d 111 t h at b att l e

“
.

T h e ro l l O f s ol d i e r s n a m e s w a s p re s e rv e d i n t h e A b b e y I t
’
.

wa s w ri t t e n o n p a rc h m e n t w i t h t h e L at i n i n sc r1p t 10 n w h i c h m ay
, .

b e t h u s t ra n s l a t e d : Th i s p l ac e 1 5 n a m e d B at t l e o n a c c o u n t O f a
b a t t l e fo u gh t h e re i n wh i c h t h e E n gl i s h w e re d e fe at e d a n d l e ft d e a d
’
u p o n t h e fi e l d T h e y fe l l o n th e Fe s t i v al O f C al ix t u s C h ri s t s m a r
.
,
”
ty r. I n t h e y e a r 106 6 t h e E n g l i s h fe l l wh e n a c om e t ap p e a re d .

F o r n e a rl y 500 y e a r s t h e A b b e y s too d a n d m a s s e s w e re s a i d
.

f o r t h e E n gl i s h w h o h a d fa l l e n t h e re b u t i n t h e y e a r 1538 t h e A b b e y
.

wa s d i s so l v e d by t h a t i c o n oc l a s t H e n r y t h e E i gh t h w h o gav e i t
. .

t o h i s m a s t e r O f h o r s e S i r A n th o n y B ro w n T h e re i s a s to r y t h a t
. .
,

wh e n S i r A n th o n y w a s p u l l i n g d ow n th e A b b e y fo r t h e e re c t i on O f
h i s o w n m an s i on a d i s p o s s e s s e d m o n k a p p roa c h e d a n d c u rs e d h i m
a n d h i s fa m i l y p rop h e sy i n g t h at al l sh o u l d p e ri s h by w a t e r o r fi re
, .

W e h a v e th e t e s t i m on y o f h i st o r y t h at t h e p rop h e c y w a s fu l fi l l e d
W h e n t h e A b b e y w a s p u l l e d d o wn t h e B at t l e Ab b e y Ro l l o f
.

N o rm a n B a ron s p rob ab l y p e ri sh e d by fi re o r wa s l o s t Fo rt u n a t e l y .
.

h o w e v e r a n E n gl i sh a n t i q u a ri a n n a m e d L e l a n d p re v i o u sl y h a d
.

m a d e a c a re fu l c op y o f th e R O 11 m ak i n g gap s w h e re gap s h a d b e e n
.

m a d e i n t h e o ri gi n a l an d c o p y i n g e v e r y d o t an d d a s h U n f o rt u
. .

n at el y t h e o r i gi n al l i s t h a d b e e n a d d e d t o at t i m e s d u ri n g t h e fi v e

c e n t u ri e s O f i t s e x i st e n c e b y v a ri o u s m o n k s wh o w i sh e d t o gra t i fy
.

th e a m b i t io n s O f w e a l t h y p e op l e w h o e v e n th e n th o u gh t i t s u p e ri o r
. .

to t rac e b a c k d e s c e n t t o t h e c o m p an i on s O f W i l l i a m .

D u gd al e w rot e : S u c h h a th b e e n t h e s ub t l e t y o f so m e M o n k s
o f O l d t h a t fi n d i n g i t a c c ep t ab l e u n t o m o s t t o b e re p u t e d d e s c e n d
.

an t s o f t h o s e w h o w e re c o m p a n i on s w i t h D u k e W i l l i am i n t h a t
88 S UR N AM E B OO K .

m e m o rab l e Exp e d i t i o n w h e re b y h e b e c am e C on q u e ro r o f t h i s
.

“
Re a l m a s t h at to gra t i f y t h e m ( b u t n ot w i th o u t t h e i r ow n ad
, ,
”
_

v an ta ge ) th e y i n s e rt e d t h e i r n am e s i n to t h a t A n c i e n t Ca t al ogu e
,
.

C am d e n a l so S p e ak s O f th e se i n t e r p ol at i on s : W h o s o e v e r c on
s i d e r s w e l l sh al l fi n d t h e m a l wa y s t o b e fo rge d an d th o s e n a m e s .

i n se rt e d w h i c h th e t i m e i n e v e ry age fav ou re d an d we re n e v e r ,

“
m e n t i on e d i n t h a t au th e n t i c a te d re c o rd .

T h e l i s t do e s n o t a l to ge th e r agre e w i t h t h a t of W ac e W ac e .

wa s b o rn i n J e r s e y ab o u t th e y e a r 1100 H i s t ra d i t i o n s Of t h e .

Con q u e s t t h o u gh n o t p u t i n to w ri t i n g t i l l a ft e r th e m i d d l e Of th e
—
,

t w e l ft h c e n t u r y p rac t i c a l l y d ate d fro m h i s e a rl y y e a r s t h e y e a r s

.

O f h i s b o y h oo d a t Ca e n H e i n d u l ge s i n n o rh e to ri c al e m b e l l i s h
.

m e n t s ; i n t h e h i sto ri c a l p a rt s o f h i s gre at e s t wo rk h e re fu se s to s e t
d ow n an y th i n g f o r wh i c h h e h a s n ot a u t h o ri t y ; an d wh e n h i s au
”
t h o ri t i e s d i f f e r h e freq u e n tl y gi v e s t w o al te rn at i v e v e r s i on s
. (D .

N B )
.

W a c e n a m e s ab o u t 115 n ob l e s b u t c u ri o u s l y e n ou gh o m i t s . . ,

R i c h a rd d E v reu x a n d h i s s o n W i l l i am an d h e m ake s a fe w S l i p s
’
.

i n t h e C h ri st i a n n a m e s H e d o e s n o t p ro fe s s t o h av e re c o rd e d a l l
.

”
wh o a tt e n d e d W i l l i a m t o H a st i n g s ( P age 205 B a ri n g Go u l d ) .
.
-
.

W e m u st re m e m b e r th at b ot h o f th e s e l i st s h av e o m i s s io n s ,

a n d a ga i n t h e sp e l l i n g o f n a m e s wa s n o t fixe d T h e l e t t e r 11 i s O fte n .

i n t e rc h an g e d w i t h n w w i t h m t h e l on g 5 w i t h 1 a n d th e s h o rt s
, , ,

w i th r W e m u s t al so ad d m i st ak e s O f th e p ri n t e r s c on s e q u e n tl y
.
.

i d e n t i fi c a t i on i s n o t a l wa y s e a s y W h a t a gri e v o u s c ri m e t h at t h e .

p re c i o u s l i s t s w e re b u rn e d ! A t l e a s t t h re e a n t i q u a ri an s L e l an d , ,

H ol i n s h e d a n d Fo x c op i e d t h e se rol l s Joh n L e l an d w e a re tol d

. .
.

by L o w e r s a w an d t ran sc ri b e d t h e o ri gi n al an d we gi v e t h i s l i s t
. .

a s i t i s giv e n b y L o we r a s al so d i d H o l i n sh e d a n d Fox ,
The se .

l i st s a re n e c e s s a ri l y m o re o r l e s s i n a c c u rat e b u t at l e a s t t h e y gi v e ,

a v e r y c on s i d e rabl e i d e a o f t h e s u rn a m e b e g i n n i n g s i n t h at e a rl y
d ay . S t i l l a n o th e r l i st wh i c h i s m e n t i on e d by B a ri n g— Goul d i s
W ac e s Ro m a n d e Ro u b u t Go u l d t e l l s u s th i s i s si m p l y a t ra n
’ ‘ ”
,

s c ri p t O f L e l an d .

Th e fol l ow i n g i s th e l i s t O f n am e s i n L e l an d s c op y O f th e rO l l ’

w i t h a fe w i n c l u d e d th at p e rt a i n to rep re s e n t a t i v e s w h o w e re a t
H a st i n g s u n q u e s t i on ab l y b u t w h o we re n ot i n c l u d e d i n t h e rO l l
. .
,

p o s s i b l y e n ou gh b e c a u s e t h e fe e w a s n o t fo rt h c o m i n g a s l a te r i n .

’
th e c a s e O f H e ral d s V i s i t a t i o n s f ro m wh i c h fa m i l i e s o f u n d o ub te d .

a n t i q u i t y an d w i th ri gh t t o b e a r a rm s we re exc l u d e d b e c a u s e t h e y ,

d i d n o t c a re t o p ay f o r i n s e rt i o n :
A rd y e l l e .

A i gu i l l o n .

A i me ri S— a p e r s on a l n a m e A m a u ri
. . now E m e ry a n d A m o ry
an d A m e r y .

A i n c o u rt .
90 S UR NA M E B OO K .

m at e son o f t h e Con q u ero r an d re c e i v e d fro m h i s fa th e r a b a ron y ,

i n D e vo n sh i re T h e fa m i l y i s s t i l l re p r es en te d t h e re
. .

B a y e ux .

B e a c h am p I n D o m e s da y B e l c h a m p h e l d a l a rge b a ro n y i n
.
,

H e rt fo rd sh i re B u c k i n gh a m s h i re a n d B e d fo rd s h i re N o t a s i n gl e
, .
.

m al e re p re se n t at i v e re m a i n s O f th i s h i sto ri c h o u s e .

B ea u fo rd d e B e l l e Fago , .

B e a u m on t .

B e c a rd .

B e l l e w Pe l l o w an d P e l l e w a re c o rru p t i o n s
. .

B elvill e .

B e rn ev i l l e i n D o m e s d ay B e rn ev i l l e ; a b a ro n
, ,
.

B e nny .

B e rt i n .

B e rt ra m t h e H u n c h b ac k i s m e n t i o n e d by W ac e
, ,
.

B eve rs .

B a i rd .

B i go t o r W i g o t .

B i ron .

B l uett .

B l ey n o r D e E l o i n n a m e n o w B l a i n e a n d B l o y n e
, . . .

B l ou n t o r B l u n t d e sc ri p t i v e l e B l o n d t h e fa i r —h a i re d T wo

“
, . , .

n a m e d i n D om e s d a y s o n s o f th e S i e u r d e G u i sn e s . .

B l on d e l c am e t o E n gl a n d w i t h t h e Co n q u e ro r Th e n a m e i s
, .

d e s c rip t i v e a n d d i m i n u t i v e — t h e l i t tl e fa i r h a i re d fe l l o w ” -
.

Bodin .

B oh u n i n L e l an d B oo w n T h e n am e i s st i l l ex ta n t a s B o n e
, , .

a n d B oo n e .

B o i s o r D u B o i s B o y s i s s t i l l fo u n d a s a s u rn am e . .

B e n n e t t a p e r son al n a m e
,
.

B on v i l l e .

B o sk erv il l e .

B o t e l e r t h e n am e i s e n t e re d t h ri c e i n D om e s da y I t by n o
,
.

m e an s fol l o w s th a t e v e r y B u tl e r i s a d e sc e n d an t O f H u go P i n
c e rn u s w h o c a m e ov e r w i t h t h e Con q u e ro r a s e v e ry n ob l e m a n a s
, , ,

we l l a s W i l l i a m I ke p t h i s b u tl e r ,
.

B o u rn av i l l e .

B o u t e v i l ai n .

'

B o yv i l l e f ro m B e u v i l l e n e a r Ca e n T wo O f t h e n am e o c c u r i n
, , .

D o m e sd a y i n H e re ford sh i re a n d S u f fol k H e n c e B e v i l l e
, . .

B rab a z o n .

B ra c y .

B ra u n d W i l l i a m B ran t wa s a n u n d e r t e n an t i n N o rfol k
.
-

( D o m e s d ay ) N O e v i d e n c e t h a t B ra n d o r B ra u n d wa s n ot a S axo n
.
.

B ray .

B re t t ev i l l e .
 B AT T L E A B B E Y N A M E S . 91

B re boeu f .

B re t o n N O l e s s t h a n n i n e B re ton s a p p e a r i n D o m e s d a y N o t
.
.

a s u rn a m e b u t a d e s i gn at i o n o f s u n d r y B re to n a d v e n t u re r s w h o
.

fol l o we d A l a n F e rg e an t T h e n a m e i s s t i l l fo u n d a l so a s B re t t .
, .

B ri an c o n .

B ri c o u rt o r B ri e n c o u rt .

B ri o n n e H e n c e th e B r y a n s a n d B ri a n t s i n E n gl an d
. .

B ro wn e i n L e l a n d B o ro u n ; a n i n t e rp o l at i on
, ,
.

B roy .

B ru y s fo r B ri x o r B ru c e N a m e d fro m t h e c a s tl e o f B ruy s .
,

n o w B ri x n e a r C h e rbo u rg
.
Rob e rt d e B ru y s h e l d a b a ro n y O f .

n i n e ty fo u r m a n o r s i n Yo rk sh i re ( D o m e s d a y ) H e wa s th e ah
-
.

c e st o r o f t h e S c ot t i s h B ru c e s .

B u rdo n .

B u rgh T h e fa m i l y h a s b e c o m e B u rke i n I re l a n d
. .

S o m e su rp ri s i n g o m i s s i o n s — a s B e c B e l vo i r an d B ag o tt ; b u t , ,

t h e s e t w o l a s t c o m e i n u n d e r To d e n i a s w e s h a l l s e e l a t e r on T h e re ,
.

a re s om e — n o t m a n y a n d p e rh ap s n o t O f m u c h i m p o rt a n c e — n a m e d
,
’
b y W a c e t h at d o n o t o c c u r i n L e l a n d s c op y o f th e rol l .

C ai l l ey Rob e rt B o rd e tt o r B u rd e tt wh o c a m e t o E n gl an d at
.
, ,

th e Co n q u e s t w a s S i e u r d e C a i l l y T h e s u rn a m e i n t i me d e ge n e r
, .

a t e d i n to Cu l l y .

C ame v i l l e o r Ca m p v i l l e .

C amoy s .

Ca n t e l o u p .

C h al l o n s .

C h al l e y s . B e s i d e s t h e fo rm S c a l e s t h e n a m e re m a i n s a s Ch a l
,

ly s and Challi s .

C h a m be rl a i n . A n O f fi c i a l t i t l e a n d n ot a t t h e t i m e a s u rn a m e .

Champney .

C h amp e rn o w n . T h e p re s e n t C h amp e rn o w n e s a re re a l l y H a r
r1n g t o n s .

Ch an c e u x T h e n a m e h a s gon e t h ro u gh m a n y c h an ge s
.
,
as
K ey e s Ch e s n ey C h ey n ey
, , .

C h an d u i t .

Chan do s .

C h amberay .

Ch ap e s fro m C h ap p e s i n No rm a n d y
, . .

C h art e re s T h e n a m e i s fo u n d i n S c ot l an d a s Ch a rt e ri s
.
. It is
fo u n d al s o a s C h ayt e r .

Ch au m o n t T h e n a m e b e c am e Ch a m o n d . .

C h au n ey .

C h av e n t .

Ch a wo rth . L e l a n d gi v e s th e n a m e C h aw ard .

Ch e n i l .

C h e rc o u rt o r C h e v rc o u rt .
92 S UR N A M E B OO K .

C l are l l .

C l ai rv al s .

C o i g n i e rs . T h e a n c e s to r Of t h e Co n y e r s fa m i l y l on g s e at e d i n ,

Yo rk s h i re .

Co l ev i l l e .

Co l o m b i e r s T h e n a m e re m a i n s a s C o l u mbel l a n d C o l u m b
. .

C o m i n e s Fro m Com i n e s i n Fl an d e r s R ob e rt d e C o m i n e s wa s
. .

c re ate d E a rl Of N o rt h u m b e rl an d by t h e C o n q u e ro r b u t o n a c c o u n t ,

Of h i s i n sol e n c e an d v i ol e n c e w a s k i l l e d b y th e p eop l e o f D u rh a m ,

i n 1069 H e m u s t h ow e v e r h av e l eft k i n s m e n i n th e n o rt h fo r t h e
.
, , ,

n a m e wa s c o n t i n u e d a s h i s to ri c a l i n S c ot l a n d ; b u t fo rm s O f i t a re
f o u n d i n al l p a rt s O f E n gl an d a s Co m i n g s C u m m i n s C u m m i n g s , , , ,

C oo m i n g Co m y n s ,
.

Co rb e t t S p o ke n O f by O rd e ri c u s a s th e fa i th fu l a n d v e r y v al
.

”
i an t m e n 1 e Co rb e t t an d h i s t wo so n s w h o w e re e m p l o y e d b y
, . .
, ,

R o ge r d e M o n t g o m e ri e i n t h e gov e rn m e n t O f h i s n e w e a rl d o m O f
S h re w sb u ry .

’
Co rb y n I n Lel an d s l i st
. Co rb y e t Co rb e t Fo u r of th e ,
.

n a m e s e n t e re d i n D om e s d a y a l l O f t h e m u n d e rt e n a n t s , .

C o u bray .

Co u r so n N ow Cu rz o n .

Co u rt e n a y .

Co u rt e v i l l e .

C re v e c o e u t .

C re s s y N ow Cre a sy . .

C ri q u e t C ri q u e to t h a s b e c o m e C ri c k e t an d C ryt o f t
. .

D ab e rn on .

D am ot A c t u al l y D A mi o t
.
’
.

D au ben y .

D a re l l .

D au t re N ow D aw t re y . .

D e l a H ay n am e d b y W a c e N i e l so n Of H u m p h ry d e l a
,
. .

.
—
H a y e i s n a m e d i n a d e e d o f 1060 F ro m L a H a y e d u P u i t s i n t h e .
-
,

a rron d i s se m e n t Of C o u t an c e H e n c e t h e fam i l y n am e o f H ay an d .

H a ye .

D e l a H u s se H e n c e H u s s e y .
,

“
D e l a M a rc h e .

D e l a M a re T h e n am e h a s b e c o me D e l a m a re D el amo re an d
. , ,

Del mar .

D e l a Po l e .

D e l a V al e t .

D e l a W a rd e o r L av ard e T
a rd o r G u a rd a re n am e s d e sc ri p .

t i v e O f O f fi c e L e l an d g 1v e s t h e n a m e a ga i n a s W a rd e
.
.

D e l Isl e f ro m L i sl e i n N o rm an d y H e n c e t h e n a m e L i sl e
’
,
.
,

L e sl e y a n d L i l l y
,
.
 94 S URN A M E B OO K .

F e rmbau d
Fi c h en t fo r Fe c a m
.

“ “
.

F i e n n e s i n L e l an d Fe n e s , , .

F i l l i o l Ral p h d e F i l l i o l wa s o n e o f t h e b e n e fac to r s o f B a ttl e

.

” ”
A b b ey T h e n a m e s i gn i fi e s l i tt l e s o n o r go d so n b u t wh o s e
.
,

go d so n h e wa s i s n ot kn o w n .

F i t z al an F i t z bri an e t c A s t h e s e n am e s a re p a t ro n y m i c an d
, , .
,

d i d n o t n e c e s s a ri l y p a s s i n t o s u rn a m e s w e m a y p a s s t h e m ov e r ,
.

Fo l l ev i l l e fro m t h e n am e O f a p l a c e i n P i c a rd y
, P rob ab l y .

Fo l e y a n d Fol l y c o m e fro m t h at n a m e T h e a n c e s to r o f L o rd Fo l e y
wa s b u t a c o m m o n w o rkm a n y e t h e may h av e b e e n d e s c e n d e d ,

fro m th e S i e u r d e Fo l l ev i l l e .

F re sse l o f t h e S c o tt i s h Fra z e r fam i l y

, .

F rey v i l l e .

F ri s so n T h i s n a m e i m p l i e s n o m o re t h a n t h at a F ri s i a n ad v e n
t u re r s h a re d i n t h e ex p l o i t O f t h e Con q u e ro r F ro m i t c ome s t h e
.

n a m e F ri z e a n d F ri e z e , .

Fu rn e aux .

F u rn i v e l .

G al o f e r ( D o m e s d a y )
H e n c e G u l iv e r
. .

G au sy The name has b e c o m e G az e

. .

Ga u n t from Gh e n t b u t p e rh ap s a m i s p ri n t
, ,
f or G ra u n t .

G e rn o u n .

G i f f a rd T h re e b rot h e r s Of th i s n a m e a re e n t e re d a s h ol d i n g
.

b a ro n i e s i n E n gl an d a ft e r t h e Co n q u e s t Th ey w e re t h e s o n s o f .

O sbern B a ro n o f B o l b e c
, .

G l an c o u rt .

G obau d .

Go rge s .

Gow e r .

G i l ebo t . T h e n am e b e c a m e W al be o f f e an d st i l l m o re re c e n t l y
Gilby .

G rac y T h e m o d e rn fo rm Of th e n am e i s p o s s i b l y G rac e
. .

G ra n d i s o n .

G ra y G ra y o r G re y w a s a d e s c r i p t i v e n a m e an d w e c a n n o t
.
,

b e s u re t h a t al l G re y s o r G ra y s b e l o n ge d t o t h e d e s c e n d a n t s O f
A rc h i t el d e G re y .

G ra u n t o r G ran t fro m L e G ran d T h e y m ay b e t rac e d b a c k

,
.

i n N o rm a n d y t i l l 985 b u t s u c h p e d i gre e s a re s u s p i c i ou s a s t h e n a m e
. ,

i s d e s c ri p t i v e O f h e i gh t O f st at u re a n d w a s n o t a s u rn a m e T h e re ,
.

i s n o m e n t i o n O f a G ran t i n D om e s d ay u n l e s s t h at o f H u go G ra n d o
d e S e o c a a n u n d e r—
,

,
t e n an t i n B e rk sh i re b e t ake n a s o n e ; b u t G ran t ,

d e E v e rw i c k i s fo u n d i n t h e re i gn o f H e n ry I I n t h e p ri n t e d .

e d i t i o n O f L e l a n d t h e n am e i s G a u n t .

G ran d y n .

G re sl e y . T h e n a m e h a s a s s u m e d t h e fo rm Of G re d l ey and
G re el y .
 B A TT L E A B B E Y N A M E S . 95

G re n v i l l e .

G re v i l l e .

G u rd on .

G u bbi o n . Th e nam e h a s becom e Gibbon an d Gubb in s .

G u rn e y .

H a m e l i n a p e r s o n a l n a m e a n d n o t a s u rn a m e
, S e v e r al a re , .

n a m e d i n D o m e s d a y I n Co rn w al l H a m e l i n h a d t we n t y m an o r s
'

. .

u n d e r t h e E a rl o f M o rt ai n e H e i s s u p p o s e d t o h av e b e e n t h e an .

c e st o r O f t h e T re l aw n e y fam i l y ; b u t th e n a m e H a m l y n re m a i n s i n

D e vo n a n d Co rn w al l .

H a n s a rd .

H a rc o u rt .

H a re v i l l e .

H a st i n g s Rob e rt d e V e n o i x w a s t h e fi r s t M a re s c h al o r P o r
.

t ree v e o f H a s t i n gs H e c a m e f ro m V e n o i x n e a r C a e n
. . Rob e rt i s , .

n a m e d i n D o m e s d a y a s F i t z R al p h a n d d e H a s t i n g s a n d l e M a re
s c h al I t m u s t n o t h a s t i l y b e c o n c l u d e d t h at e v e ryo n e b e a ri n g t h e
.

n a m e Of H a s t i n g s i s d e s c e n d e d fro m Rob e rt d e V en o i x ; m a n y a
m an w a s s o n am e d s i m p l y b e c a u s e a n a t i v e O f t h a t p l a c e .

H a wa rd o r H ay w a rd a s L e l a n d h a s i t T h i s i s n o t a N o rm a n . .

F re n c h n a m e ; i t i s fro m t h e N o r s e H av a rd a n d h a s t h e s a m e o ri gi n ,

a s H o wa rd .

H a u l e y ( 1408) P o s s i b l y t h e o ri gi n O f t h e n a m e H o l l e y
. .

H au t en ey .

Hauteville .

H e rn o u r .

H e rc y .

-
H e ro n Fo rm of H e ro n a n d a s H e rn e
. .

H e ry c e T h e n a m e h a s b e c o m e H e r s e e H e rri e s
.
, .

H o w e l l A p o s s i b l e c o m p an i o n O f A l a n t h e Re d D u k e O f B ri t
.
, ,

t a n y b u t p rob ab l y t h e sa m e a s t h e fa m i l y o f L eTo u rn eu r n e a r
, ,

V i re .

H u rel l .

J a rd i n e I n E n gl an d t h e re h av e b e e n Ga r d e n s f ro m t h e e n d
.

Of t h e t w e l ft h c e n t u r y .

J ay o r Ga i n o t i n D o m e s d ay b u t t h e n a m e i s fo u n d i n th e fi r s t
. .

h a l f O f t h e t w e l fth c e n t u ry p rob ab l y a d e s c ri p t i v e ap p e l l a t i on T h e
, .

m o d e rn fo rm o f th e n a m e i s G ay e a n d J ay e .

K an c e i s T h e n a m e h a s c o n t i n u e d n o t on l y a s C h aw n c ey b u t
.
,

a l so a s Ch a n c e .

K y ri el s t a n d s fo r C ri o l
. T h e n am e b e c a m e C real e a n d C ro l e .
.

C u rl l e a n d K y rl e .

Lacy .

L a se l s i n L e l a n d L asc e l s
. . .

L at yme r .

L a M u i l e i n L e l an d i s n o n e o th e r t h an M o al s o r M e u l e s . B al d
96 S UR NA M E B OO K .

w i n d e M o e l s— fro m M u e l l e s n e a r O rb e c a rro n d i s s e m e n t O f L i , ,

si e u x h a d e st at e s i n D e vo n sh i re fi l l i n g e l e v e n c ol u m n s i n D o m e s
,

d ay .

L ev e t o t
I n L e l an d L ev ec o t e F ro m L ev e t ot i n L ow e r N o r
.
,
.

m an d y N ot i n D o m e sd a y b u t s h o rt l y a ft e r
.
,
.

L i f f ard a m i s re a d i n g f o r O l i f f ard
L i o f E t L i me rs a n ot h e r m i s re a d i n g o r m
, .

i s p ri n t L i o f w a s a, .

S axo n w h o h e l d u n d e r E d wa rd th e C o n fe s so r .

L i so u rs .

L o n g c h amp
l
.

A m e re n i c kn a m e ; p o s s i b l e e n ou gh an i n t e rp ol at i o n
L o n g e sp ee .

fo r t h e b a st a r d so n o f H e n r y I I an d th e fa i r Ro sa m o n d .

L on gv al an d L on gv i l l e p e rh ap s t h e s am e a b ran c h Of t h e h o u s e , ,

of G i f f a rd b a ron s O f Lo n gu e v i l l e a n d B o l b e c n e a r D i ep p e T h e
, ,
.

n a m e Lo n gv i l l e s t i l l ex i st s i n E n gl an d L e l an d gi v e s a l s o L on g .

villers .

L o ri n g f o r L orra i n e a n at i v e O f t h a t p rov i n c e T h e n a m e
,
.

L ov e ri n g ex i s t s .

L ov e d ay .

L ov e l l a n a m e th e W o l fi n g gi v e n t o A sel i n e d e B reh e rv al
, , , ,

w h o b e c am e L o rd o f Ca st l e C a r y 1n E n gl an d H e re c e i v e d t h e n i ck .

n a m e o n ac o u n t o f h i s fu ri o u s c h a rac t e r .

Lo u v a i n .

L o v e rac .

L o wn e y .

L u c y f ro m a p l a c e O f t h a t nam e n e a r Ro u e n T h e L u c y s p e r
,
.

’
fo rm e d t h e o f fi c e O f C a s tl e G u a rd a t D ov e r f o r s e v e n k n igh t s fe e s -

i n K e n t N o rfol k a n d S u f f o l k T h e n am e re ma i n s i n i t s o ri gi n al
, .

fo rm a n d a s L u c e a y e o m a n n a m e i n D e v o n
. , .

L y me say fro m a p l a c e o f t h a t n a m e o f t h e P ay s d e Ca ux n e a r

“
, ,

P a s i l l y T h e an c e sto r O f t h e L i n d s ay s
. .

M al h e rmer sh o u l d b e M o n t h erme r A n i n t e rp ol at io n The . .

n a m e fi r s t o c c u r s i n 1296 wh e n R al p h d e M o n t h e rme r a p l a i n e s
q u i re m a d e a l ov e —
. ,

. m a tc h w i t h Jo a n d a u gh t e r Of E d wa rd I ,
.

M a i n a rd a n u n de r t e n an t i n E s s ex a n d L i n c ol n s h i re b u t th e
,
-
,

n a m e o c c u r s a s h o l d i n g i n W i l t s H a n t s a n d N o rfo l k i n t h e re i gn , , ,

O f E d wa rd t h e C on fe s so r I t i s a T e u ton i c n a m e M e g i n h ard a n d .
, ,
’
h e h a s n o ri gh t t o ap p e a r as o n e o f W i l l i am s a s s i st a n t s a t H a s t i n g s ,

u n l e s s i n de e d h e we re a t ra i to r N o w M a y n a rd
, , . .

M ai n g u n i s a m i s rea d i n g f o r M a y e n n e Now M ai ne an d .
,

M ayn e .

M al e bu rg h T h e n a m e b e c a m e M al e bu rg an d M al bo rou gh
. .

M al ebo u c h e a n i c kn a m e fo r a fo u l — m o u t h e d fe l l o w T h e re a re
, .

p l e n ty O f t h e k i n d n o w b u t n o t d e s c e n d a n t s , .

M al e by s t h e n a m e b e c a m e M al b y , .

M al e t a gre a t fav o ri t e w i t h t h e Con q u e ro r w h o ap p o i n te d

. ,

W i l l i am M al e t t o h ol d h i s n e wl y— b u i l t c a st l e i n Yo rk .
98 SURNAM E B OO K .

H e n r y s c o m m an d a s s u m e d t h e n a m e O f M owb ray an d f ro m h i m
’

, ,

“
th e l at te r M o wb ra y s are d e sc e n d e d . .

M oh u n i n L e l a n d M o o u n F rom M o i o n n e a r S t LO i n N o r
,
.
,
.

m a n d y W a c e te l l s u s t h a t O l d W i l l i a m d e M o i o n h a d w i t h h i m
. .

m a n y co m p a n i o n s a t t h e B a tt l e O f H a s t i n g s H e w a s re wa rd e d .

f o r h i s s e rv i c e s by th e g ra n t O f n o t l e s s t h a n fi f t y fi v e m an o r s i n -

S om e rs e t b e s i d e s t wo i n W i l t s a n d D o rs e t T h e n a m e re m a i n s
,
-
.

n e a re r t o t h e e a rl y sp e l l i n g th a n M oh u n a s M oo n w h i c h i s t h at , ,

of a m u s i c s e l l e r i n P l ym o u t h
-
.

M on c e a ux .

M o n t ai g u e fro m a p l ac e O f th e n a m e i n t h e arro n d i sseme n t o f

'

'

C o u st ac e s Tw o Of th e n a m e ap p e a r i n D o m e s d a y b ot h ri c h l y e n
.
,

d o w e d b u t O f th e s e o n e l e ft n o h e i r D rogo d e M o n t ai g u e c a m e i n
,
.

th e t ra i n O f t he E a rl o f M o rt ai n e .

M o n t bu rg h . M o n t fi ch et .

M o n t fo rt fro m a p l ac e o n t h e R i l l e n e a r B ri on n e a rro n d i s s e
, , ,

m e n t o f Po n t A u d em e r H u gh s ay s W ac e w a s o n e o f t h e fo u r .
, ,

kn i gh t s w h o m u t i l a t e d t h e b o d y O f H a rol d a ft e r t h e b a tt l e ; be re
c e i v e d a b a ron y O f 113 E n gl i s h m an o r s T h e na m e re m a i n e d o n a s .

M o u n t fo rd a n d M u m fo rd .

M o n tc h e sn ey M o n t i gn y M o n t p i n so n M o n t re v e l
. M on t . . .

s o re l M o n t rav e r s o r M al t rav e r s
. .

M o rl e y T h e n a m e d oe s n ot oc c u r t i l l th e re i gn O f H e n ry I ;
.

p rob ab l y from M o rl a i x i n B ri tt an y a n d t h e fi rs t w h o c a m e o v e r wa s ,

a re t a i n e r Of A l an F e rg e an t Th e n a m e i s gi v e n a ga i n by L e l a n d a s .

M e rl e y .

M o rt ai n e R ob e rt E a rl O f M o rtai n e w a s t h e so n o f H e rl u i n d e
.
, ,

Co u t e v i l l e w h o m a rri e d H arl e v a t h e c a s t O f f m i s t re s s o f D u ke
, .
-

Rob e rt a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y w a s u t e ri n e b roth e r O f t h e C o n q u e ro r
, .

W h e n W i l l i a m b e ca m e D u k e o f N o rm a n d y h e l o s t n o Op p o rt u n i ty ,

o f ra i s i n g h i s k i n s fol k fro m t h e i r h u m b l e e s ta t e t o th e d i sgu s t an d ,

i n d i gn a t i o n O f h i s n ob l e s a n d ab ov e al l o f h i s re l at i v e s o n t h e S i d e
.
,

O f h i s fat h e r R ob e rt wa s re wa rd e d f o r h i s se rv i c e s i n th e Co n q u e s t
.

O f E n gl a n d by be i n g gi v e n t h e wh o l e o f Co rn wa l l c o m p ri s i n g 248 ,

m an o r s 52 i n S u s s ex 75 i n D e vo n 10 i n S u f fo l k 29 i n B u c k i n gh am
, . . ,

sh i re 99 i n N o rt h am p to n sh i re 196 i n Yo rk s h i re b e s i d e s ot h e r s i n
. . ,

othe r countie s T h e n a m e i n E n gl a n d h a s b e c o m e M o rto n b u t al l

.
,

M o rton s d o n o t d e ri v e fro m h i m a s t h e re a re p l ac e s n a m e d M o rt o n .

i n E n gl an d th a t h av e gi v e n ap p e l l at i o n s to i n d i v i d u a l s i s s u i n g from
them .

'

M o rri c e a Ch ri s t i an n a m e . .

M o rt i m e r d e M o rt u o M a ri Fro m M o rt e m e r i n t h e Pa y s d e
, .
,

C a u x Roge r d e M o rt e m e r fu rn i sh e d fo rt y v e s s e l s fo r t h e i n v a d i n g
.

fl e e t H e wa s t oo Ol d h i m se l f to j o i n t h e exp e d i ti on b u t h e s e n t
.
,

h i s so n Ral p h t h e fo u n d e r O f th e s p l e n d i d E n gl i sh l i n e age t h a t c on
.

v e y e d to t h e H o u s e O f Yo rk i t s t i tl e t o th e C ro w n Th e n am e s t i l l .

c on t i n u e s .
 B AT T L E A B B E Y N A M E S . 99

M o rt i v au x or M o rt i v al .

M o rv i l l e fro m a c a s t l e O f t h a t n a m e i n t h e Co t e n t i n T h e fi rs t
,
.

n a m e d i s H u gh d e M o rv i l l e t h e fo u n d e r O f t h e E n gl i s h h o u se i n ,
’

1 158 . H e w a s o n e O f th e fo u r k n i gh t s w h o we n t fro m N o rm a n dy
t o S l a y T h o m a s a B e c ke t T h e fa m i l y Ob t a i n e d a h i gh p o s i t i o n i n .

th e N o rt h I t b e c a m e O f gre a t ac c o u n t i n Sc ot l a n d T h i s i s c e r
. .

t a i n l y a n i n t e rp o l a t i o n T h e n a m e i n S c ot l an d b e c a m e M a rv e l l
. .

M o n n ey f ro m M o n c h y n e a r A r ra s M oyn e i n L e l a n d 5 c o p y
, ,
.
,
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M ao u i n ( i e M o n k ) M o y e t M au f e M u s a rd M u s e
. .
,
.
,
. . .

M u s s e t a n a m e f ro m t h e b a gp i p e s t h e man p l ay e d
. L e l an d .

gi v e s M u sc h e t N o t m e n t i o n e d i n D o m e s d a y P rob ab l y o n l y th e
,

p i p e r t h at p l ay e d b e fo re Wi l l i a m T h e n a m e re m a i n s
. .

. .

M u st e y s fo r M o u t i e r s . T h e n a m e re m a i n s a s M u st e r s . .

M u seg ro s f ro m M u c e g ro s n e a r E c o u e n w a s a t e n a n t i n c h i e f
, , .
- -

i n H e re fo rd s h i r e ( D o m e s d ay ) T h e a n c e s to r O f t h e M u sgrav e s
'

. .

M u sg ro v e s .

M y ri e l do e s n o t o c c u r t i l l th e e n d o f t h e t w e l ft h c e n t u ry . The
n a m e i s p rob ab l y a n i n t e rp o l at i on N o w M u r re l l .
. .

N ai rme re .N e n e rs N erev i l l e . .

Nevill e . f ro m N e u v i l l e su r—
_
To u q u e
Th e fi rst who cam e to ~
.

E n gl a n d wa s G i l b e rt d e N e v i l l b u t h e i s n o t n a m e d i n D o m e s d ay
'

.
,

Th e fa m i l y w a s e a rl y e s ta t e d i n L i n c ol n b u t b y m a rri age w i t h a n ,

h e i re s s mov e d i n t o t h e N o rt h T h i s l i n e d i e d o u t s a n s m a l e i s s u e .
,

an d t h e l a n d s O f t h e h e i re s s p a s s e d t o a S axo n h u sb a n d a n d w i t h ,

t h e l an d s t h e N o r m a n n a m e w a s a s s u m e d .

N e w be t o r N e rbe t T h e s am e o c c u r s fi r s t i n G lo u c e st e r s h i re
.
,

wh e re W i l l i a m d e N e rbe rt i n 116 5 h e l d fo u r k n i gh t s fe e s o f t h e ’
’

Ea rl O f G l o u c e s t e r T h e n a m e h as b e c o m e N e wb e rt . .

N e wb u rgh f ro m N e u fbo u rg i n N o rm a n d y H e n r y d e N e w
.
.

b u rgh Ob t a i n e d th e e a rl d o m o f W a rw i c k h i s b ro t h e r Rob e rt t h a t O f ,

L e i c e s t e r T h e n a m e b e c a m e N e w bu rro w
. .

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n a rd N e w m arc h w a s o n e O f th e C o n q u e ro r s c o m p an i o n s at—
, .

’
a rm s -

an d Ob t a i n ed a s h i s S h a re O f t h e sp o i l a W e l sh p ri n c i p al i t y w o n by
h i s o w n go o d s wo rd .

N o v e r s f or N oye r s . W i l l i a m d e N O i e rs o r N u e r s wa s a n .
. .

u n d e r t e n a n t i n N o rfol k ( D o m e s d a y ) w h e re h e h a d t h e c u st o d y O f
-
.

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th i rt y t h re e o f t h e C o n q u e ro r s m a n o r s
-
.

O l i f ard n ot h e a rd o f b e fo re 1130 w h e n t w o H u gh a n d V Vi l
. . .

l i a m o c c u r i n H a m p sh i re an d No rt h a m p t o n s h i re I t a p p e a r s i n
. .

Sc o tl an d u n d e r D av i d I 116 5 T h e n a m e t h e re b e c o m e s O l i p h a n t . . .

L ‘
Po s s i bl y i fi o rd d e ri v e s fro m O l i f ard .

O n at u l l e i s p rob a b l y a m i s re a d in g o f O sse v i l l e .

P ag an el o r P ai n e l l a g r eat b a ro n i a l fa m i l y i n N o rm a n dy .
The .

n am e wa s p rob a b l y gi v e n t o t h e O 1 i g i n al N o rm a n fo u n d e r O f t h e
fa m i l y w h o c a m e ov e r w i t h R ol l o an d ob st i n a te l y re fu s e d t o b e
.

b ap t i z e d S o h e w a s c a l l e d t h e P aga n an d p o s s i b l y h i s s on s an d
. .
 S U R NA M E B O O K .

gra n d so n s w e re p oo r C h ri s t i an s i f C h ri s ti an s a t al l s o t h at t h e , ,

n a m e O f Paga n a d h e re d to t h e fa m i l y I t st i l l re m a i n s a s P a y n e .

an d P e n n e l l .

P ai f re r P ai t e n y Pav i l l y P av i l l on
. . . .

P e c h e T h i s n i c kn a m e O f a m an o f s i n o c c u r s i n D o m e s d a y
. .

W i l l i a m P ec at u m w a s a n u n d e r te n an t i n N o rfol k S u f f o l k an d -
, ,

E s s ex T h e n a m e m a y h av e b e e n al t e re d t o B e ac h a n d B e ac h y I t
.

'
.

h a s a l s o b e e n fo u n d a s P e ac h an d P e a c h y .

P e rc v from P e rc i a fi e f n e a r V i l l e d i e u n e a r Ca en . de .

P e rc i w a s a t e n a n t O f t h e D u k e O f N o rm an d y H e a n d S e rl o d e
. .

P e rc i c a m e ov e r i n t h e t i m e O f t h e Con q u e ro r b u t n e i t h e r o f t h e m ,

i s m e n t i o n e d a s h av i n g b e e n p re s e n t a t H a s t i n g s .

P e re c h ay Ral p h d e P e rec h ai e i s n a m e d a s a t e n a n t —
. ih chief in -

B e rk sh i re ( D o m e s d ay ) .

P e ro t fo r P i e rro t P e te rk i n
,
P e re t t h e Fo r re s t e r oc c u rs i n ,
.

D o m e s d a y a s a H am p s h i re b a ron b u t n ot h i n g c a n b e c o n c l u de d
fro m t h i s S i r J oh n P e rro t t d ep u t y gov e rn o r O f I re l a n d w a s a n
. .
-
.

i l l e gi t i m at e son O f H e n r y V I I I H e got i n t o t ro u b l e w i t h E l i z .

abe t h w h o m h e t re a t e d w i t h i m p e rt i n e n c e
,
T h e n a m e s t i l l ex i st s . .

I t i s t h a t O f th e w e l l k n o wn fa m i l y O f gu i d e s o f D a rt m oo r l i v i n g a t
-

Ch agfo rd .

F e rre r s fro m P e ri e r s n e a r E v re u x
. N ot i n D o m e s d a y b u t t h e . .
,

n a m e fo u n d i n 1156 A l i c e P e rre rs O f t h i s fa m i l y w a s m i st re s s o f
.
,

an d t h e n w i fe to E d w a rd 111 S h e a ft e rwa rd s m a rri e d L o r d V Vi n d

. .

so r . A n ot h e r fam i l y O f e n t i re l y d i f f e re n t o ri gi n d e ri v e d f ro m ,

Pe ri e r s i n B ri tt a n y i s n o w re p re s e n t e d b y P e rry i n D e vo n s h i re
, .

I t wa s se at e d i n D e v on i n 1307 N o w a wo rt h y y e o m an fa m i l y . .

P e re si s i s p rob ab l y a m i s t ake fo r P rae re s o r P rae rs n ow .

P re a ux T h e re w a s a b a ro n y O f t h e n a m e i n t h e a r ron d i s se m e n t of
.

Ro u e n P ro babl y so m e P ri o r s a n d P r y o r s d e ri v e h e n c e a n d n o t
'

.
,

f ro m a P ri o r w h o a b an d on e d h i s v oc a t i o n .

P e v e re l l P i c a rd . .

P i e rrep o n t f ro m a p l ac e o f t h a t n a m e n ea r S t Sav e u r i n t h e
, .
,

Co t e n t i n T h re e b roth e r s O f t h a t n am e oc c u r a s u n d e r t e n an t s i n
.
-

D o m e s d ay .

P i n kn ey P l a c y P l ayc e o r D u P l ai z
. . .

P l u n ke t fro m P l o u q u e n e t n e a r R e n n e sx N ot i n D o m e s d a y
. .
,

b u t oc c u r s i n 1158 .

P ow e r fro m Po h e r i n B ri tt an y a c o u n t y O f wh i c h Ca rh a i x w a s
,
'

c ap i t a l ; p rop e rl y P o u c ae r P o u i s t h e L a t i n P agu s A b ran c h s e t . .

t l ed i n D evo n i n 1066 w i th A l u re d d e M a y e n n e .

P o i n z o r D e P on s th e a n c e s to r Of t h e C l i f f o rd s ; f ro m Po n s i n . .

t h e S a i n to n ge P on s h a d fo u r son s w h o w e n t to E n gl an d o f w h o m
.
.

D rogo F i t z P o n c e a n d W al t e r F i t z P o n c e h e l d i m p o rt an t b a ro n i e s
( D o m e s da y ) T h e yo u n ge r b ro t h e r s w e re an c e s to r s o f t h e V e sey s
an d B u rgh s T h e n a m e i s s t i l l t o b e fo u n d a s B o u n c e a n d B u n c e
.
.

P u n c h a rdo n P u g o y s P u t e re l P y g o t o r P i ggo t
.

Qu e rru . . . .
 02 SURNA M E B O O K .

Po n t l E v eq u e ’
Th i s N o rm a n v i l l age h a s b e st o we d i t s n a m e up o n
.

a S c o t t i s h fa m i l y a n E n gl i s h to wn a n I ri s h c o u n ty a C a m b ri dge
, , ,
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c ol l ege a roy a l d u ke d o m a n d a K i n g at A rm s ( L T a y l o r ) T h e
, ,
- -
. .

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. .

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'

.
,

d ay ) H i s b ro th e r B ri t e l h e l d l a n d s i n So m e r s e t
. N ow
S i n c l e re o r S i n c l a i r .

S al aw y n J o c e u s l e F l a m a n g h — i.e t h e Fl e m i n g — c a m e to . .
,
’
E n gl an d w i t h t h e Co n q u e ro r a n d h e l d a t h i rd p a rt o f t h e k n i gh t s ,

fe e i n C u k e n e y N o t t i n gh a m s h i re a n d t w o p l ou gh l a n d s o f th e k i n g
, ,
-

by t h e s e rv i c e Of s h oe i n g t h e k i ng s p al fre y ; i n fa c t h e w a s a fa r
’
»

.
,

r i e r H i s b ro th e r R al p h l e S i l v a n Of W oo d h o u s e w a s an c e s to r o f
.
, ,

th e S i l v an s o r S al v i n s o f W oo d h o u s e T h e y t oo k t h e n a m e fro m .

t h e fac t o f l i v i n g i n S h e rwo o d Fo re s t T h e n a m e re m a i n s a s S a l v i n .

a n d S al v y n .

S an fo rd G e ra rd d e To rn a i — i e T o u rn a y — h e l d S a nd fo r d i n
. . .
,

S h rop s h i re u n d e r E a rl Roge r a n d t h e fa m i l y too k t h e n a m e fro m

, ,

the place .

S au v ay S au n z av e r o r S a n s A vo i r
. S an sp e u r o r S au n sp o u r -
. .

S age v i l l e .

S a y e m e n t i on e d by W a c e Fro m S ay n i n e m i l e s to th e w e s t
, .
,

o f Ex i m e s t h e c h i e f p l ac e o f th e v i sc o u n t y of Roge r d e M o n tgo m e ry
,

i n N o rm an d y P i c o t d e Say i s n am e d i n D o m e s d ay. .

S e s s e : S e n g ry n o r S e gu i n S o l e r s So me ro y S o rel l Su yl l y . . . . .

S o u l e s So v e re n y S u rd ev al T ak e l o r Ta c h e l
. .

’
. .

S t J oh n fro m S t J e a n l e T h o m a s n e a r A v ra n c h e s T h e m e n
.
, .
- -

,
.

o f S t Joh a n a re sp ok e n O f a t H a s t i n g s b W ac e N ot n am e d i n
.
y .

D o m e s d a y b u t i n t h e re i gn o f W i l l i a m R u fu s J oh n d é S t J oh n
,
.

wa s o n e o f t h e t w e l v e k n i gh t s t h a t i n v a d e d Gl a m o rga n a l on g w i th
Rob e rt F i t z H amo n T h e n am e re m a i n s . .

S t J o ry n o t i d e n t i fi e d
.
, .

S t L e ge r f ro m a p l ac e o f t h a t n am e n e a r A v ran ch e s R ob e rt
.
, .

d e S t L e ge r w a s e s t at e d i n S u s s e x ( D o m e s d a y )
. .

S t L e o o r S t L o fro m a p l ac e n e a r Co u st ac e s ; a b a ro n y
. .
,
.

S i m on d e S t L a u d h a d gran t s a t t h e Co n q u e st
. .

S t M a rt i n n o t i n D om e s d a y b u t Roge r d e S t M a rt i n wa s L o rd
.
, ,
.

o f H ampton N o rfo l k i n t h e re i gn o f H e n ry I
, , .

S t M a u r f ro m a p l a c e O i t h at n a m e n e a r A v ra n c h e s W i d o d e
.
,
-
.

S t M a u r c a m e t o E n gl a n d i n 106 6 b u t d i e d b e fo re D o m e s d a y wa s
.
,

c om p i l e d H i s s o n W i l l i a m F i t z W i d O h e l d a b a ron y i n S o m e r s e t
.
, ,
.

T h e n am e b e c am e S e amo re an d S e y m o u r .

S t O m e r i n L e l a n d s l i s t S t T h o m e r A b ran c h o f t h e h o u s e
.
,
’
. .

o f th e B a ron s o f B e th u n e N ot i n D o m e s d ay b u t W i l l i am c a s t e l l a n .
, ,

Of St O m e r i s m e n t i on e d i n t h e re i gn o f H e n ry I T h e n a m e i s
.
, .
‘

fo u n d n o w a s S t o me r .

S t P h i l i b e rt S t Q u i n ti n S t Te s fo r S a i n te s
. . . . .
. .

T a l b o t ; W i l l i am T a l b o t c a m e t o E n gl an d i n 1066 an d h a d
.
‘

,
 B A TT L E A B B E Y N A M E S . 103

t wo so n s R i c h a rd a n d G o d fre y wh o a re m e n t i o n e d a s u n d e r —
, tenant s .

i n E s s e x a n d B e d fo rd s h i re ( D o m e s d a y ) A n i c k n a m e . .

T a l l y p e rh ap s s ta n d s f o r T i l l y F ro m t h e c a s t l e a n d b a ro n y .

o f T i l l y n e a r Ca e n Ra l p h d e T i l l y h e l d l a n d s i n D e vo n ( D o m e s
. .

d ay ) T h e n a m e o i T i l l y re m a i n s b u t i t a l so s i gn i fi e d a l ab o re r
.
. .

T a n y fro m T an i i n N o rm a n d y
. .

Ta y a n d T h a y s a re p rob a b l y t h e s a m e D e ri v e d f ro m a c e rt a i n .

B a l d ri c Teu t o n i c u s H e w a s c al l e d l at e r D e T y a s an d w a s s e at e d
.
.

i n Yo rk sh i re E s s ex a n d m a n y o t h e r c o u n t i e s
. Th e m o t t o o f th e

“
. .

fa m i l y wa s T a y s e n t e m p s ( kn o w w h e n to h ol d y o u r t o n gu e ) .

Rob e rt Tay w h o w a s e n ga ge d i n t h e W a r s o f t h e Ro s e s h a d a
. .

”
v a ri an t o f t h i s : N o t t o b e h a n ge d f o r t a l k i n g .

Tart e ray T h o rn y T i bo l . . .

T i n ge y n o t t o b e i d e n t i fi e d ( m e a n i n g a j u d ge
, ,

T i n e l Th u r s t a n T i n e l a n d h i s w i fe a p p e a r i n D o me sd av a s
.

under ten ant s i n Kent

-
.

T i p i t o t f ro m T h i b o u t ot i n t h e P a y s d e Ca u x
. Th e n am e d o e s . .

n ot o c c u r i n E n gl an d t i l l 116 5 I t got c o r ru p t e d t o Ti p t o f t

“
. .

Ti so u n . To u ry s . Tre g o z .

T ra c y I t i s u n c e rt a i n wh e th e r T ra c y i s i n t e n d e d i n t h e e n t r y
.

”
in Leland H e gi v e s G rau n so n e t T ra c e y a n d i n ac c o rd a n c e
.
, ,

w i t h t h e s y s t e m a d op t e d i n t h e ro l l t h e n am e sh o u l d b e G ra c y ,

T h e S i re d e T ra c i w a s h o w e v e r a c c o rd i n g to YV ac e i n t h e B at tl e
, . .

Of H a s t i n g s T h e fa m i l y d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o h av e b e e n o f m u c h
.

i m p o rt a n c e i n E n gl an d b e fo re t h e t i m e O f S t e p h e n wh o b e st o w e d .

u p o n H e n ry d e T ra c y t h e H on o r o f B a rn s tap l e W i l l i a m d e T ra c y .
.

o n e o f t h e m u rd e re r s o f T h o m a s a B e c k e t h a d e xt e n s i v e e s t at e s i n ,

D ev o n s h i re and Gl o u c e s t e r s h i re .

Trav i l l e T re v i l l e T ru s s e l l S t Cl o y e s
. . . . .

T u rl e y fo r To rl ai o r T h o rl e y
, N o t n a m e d b e fo re 1272 It . .

m ay b e d o u b t e d w h e th e r t h e T h o rl e y s O f t h e M i d d l e A g e s we re o n e
q u a rt e r a s w e l l k n o w n i n E n gl a n d a s i s t h e n a m e o f T h o rl e y n o w
f o r p rov i d i n g fo o d f o r c a t t l e .

Tu c h et fro m N o t re D a m e d e T o u c h e t n e a r M o rt ai n e i n N o r
, ,

mandy .

T y re l l p ri n t e d i n L e l a n d Ty ri e t b u t c e rt a i n l y a m i s t a ke f o i
, ,

Ty re l l ”
. F u l k S i e ru d e G u e rn av i l l e a n d D e a n o f E v re ux m a r ri e d
. .

a l a d y na m e d O n e l d a a n d h a d b y h e r t wo c h i l d re n O f wh o m t h e
. .

y o u n ge s t — W al t e r — a s s u m e d t h e n a m e o f T y re l l H e i s e n t e re d i n .

D o m e s d a y a s W al t e r Ti rel d e t e n an t o f R i c h a rd F i t z G i l be rt L o rd , .

o f C l a re O f w h o m h e h e l d L a n gd o n i n S u s s ex
. .

U mf rav i l l e f ro m A m frev i l l e n e a r Ev re ux
. Rob e rt U m i ra , .

v i l l e w i t h t h e B e a rd L o rd o f To u r a n d V i a n i n N o rm a n d y h a d a
, . .

gra n t fro m th e C o n q u e ro r o f t h e b a ro n y o f P ru d h o e an d t h e l o rd
sh i p o f R e d e s d a l e T h e n a m e st i l l ex i s t s . .

V a l e n c e fro m a p l a c e o f th a t n a m e i n N o rm a n d y
, .
 104 SURNAM E B OOK .

V a l l o n i s,
fo r V a l ogn e s i n th e Co t e n t i n ,
.

V a va s o u r A v a v a so u r i s a v a s s a l O f a v a s s al o r t h e h ol d e r
.
,

u n d e r a m e sn e l o rd B u t t h e b a ro n i a l V av a so u r s w e r e d e s c e n d e d
-
.

fro m S i r M a uge r d e V av a so u r p o rte r to W i l l i a m t h e C o n q u e ro r ,

H e i s n o t t o b e fo u n d i n D o m e s d ay b u t h i s gran d so n w a s a l an d ,
'

o wn e r i n Yo rk sh i re .

V av i l l e p rop e rl y \ Vi v i l l e o r G u i d e v i l l e h e l d i n N o rm an d y n u
.
,

d e r t h e To e n i s .

V e n abl e s fro m a p l a c e b e t we e n S t P i e rre a n d V e rn o n o n th e

. .

S e i n e I t wa s t h e s e a t o f th e V e n e u r s o r H e re d i ta ry H u n t s m e n
.
, ,

o f t h e N o rm a n d u k e s G i l b e rt d e V e n ab l e s o r V e n a to r w a s o n e
.
. ,

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V e n o u r al so a h u n t s m an . T h e G ro sv e n o u r o r h e a d h u n t s m a n .
,
-
,

wa s th e an c e st o r o f t h e G ro sv e n or fam i l y T h e re w e re se v e n V e n a .

t o re s m e n t i o n e d i n D o m e s d a y so m e b e a ri n g S axo n n a m e s ; b u t th e ,

a n c e s to r o f t h e G ro sv e n o rs w a s Ral p h V e n a to r o n e o f th e at t e n d an t ,

b a ro n s o n H u gh L up u s w h o h e l d S t ap l e fo rd u n d e r t h e e a rl . .

V e rb o i s V e rd e rs V e rd o n V e re
. . . .

V e rn o n fro m V e rn o n i n t h e a rro n d i s s e m e n t O f E v re ux R i c h a rd
. .

and a p p e a r i n D o m e s d a y R i c h a rd w a s o n e o f t h e b a ro n s .

of th e p al a t i n a t e o f H u gh L u p u s i n Ch e sh i re an d h a d a c a s tl e a t ,

S h i p b rook on t h e VV e v e r .

V e s e y V ey l an d V i l l a i n V i n o n V i po n t V au st e n e y s o r

“
. . . . .

G ast i n ay s \ Va c e \ V ac e l ay
. VV al an g ay .

W al o y s v a ri o u s l y S p e l t L e Y Val l ey s YV al l ai s an d L at i n i z e d
. .

. .
.

”
VV al l o n i s m e a n s th e Y el sh man ; n o w W al s h an d W e l sh al so
V

.
,

W al l a c e .

\ V ame rv i l l e fo r \ V an n e rv i l l e W a rd e .
r
. .

W a re n n e d e W a re n n e o r d e G a re n n e fou gh t a t H a s t
. .
,

i n g s a n d fe w o f t h e d u k e s fol l o we r s w e re a s m u n i fi c e n t l y d e al t
,
’

w i th H e h e l d t h e gre at b a ro n i e s o f C a s t l e A i re i n N o rfol k L e we s
. .

i n S u s s e x an d C o n i n g sbu rg h i n Yo rk s h i re Th e l a s t E a rl W a rre n
,
.

h a d d u ri n g t h e l i fe t i m e o f h i s w i fe l i v e d i n op e n c o n c ub i n age w i t h
M a u d d e N e re f o rt by w h o m h e h a d a so n wh o b o re h i s a rm s an d
,

w a s k n i gh t e d a n d i n h e ri t e d t h ro u gh h i s w i fe t h e Ch e s h i re b a ro n y
,

O f S to c k p o rt a n d t h e i r d e sc e n d a n t s re m a i n e d i n t h e c o u n t y fo r fo u r
,

t e e n ge n e ra t i o n s I t wo u l d b e u n w i s e t o a s s u m e th a t al l V arre n s
. .
V

a re d e sc e n d an t s o f W i l l i a m d e VY are n n e M o s t d ou b t l e s s d e ri v e
'

.
. .

t h e i r n a m e from so m e w a rre n o f w h i c h t h e a n c e s to r wa s Wa rre n e r . .

W a rl e y V Vat e rv i l l e . YV au n c y . .

W e me rl ay n o t t rac e d b u t p rob ab l y t h e E n gl i s h Wame rsl ey

, .

a n d W al m sl e y ; a n i n t e rp o l at i o n .
106 SURNA M E B O O K .

n e c e s s a r y i s i h t h e i n s t an c e O f s o m e c l a i m a n t t o a b a ro n y o r e a rl
,

d o m by t e n u re — t h e v e r y ex i st e n c e O f wh i c h sp e c i e s O f t i t l e i s n o w
ge n e ra l l y d e n i e d To th e d e s c e n t O f p ro p e rty h o we v e r D o m e s d a y
.

, ,

i s m o re v al u ab l e T h e p roo f Of a n c i e n t d e m e sn e st i l l re s t s w i t h
.

D o m e s d a y S u rv e y ; i t s e v i d e n c e i s al s o ap p e al e d t o i n o u r c o u rt s .

O f l a w i n p ro v i n g t h e an t i q u i t
y O f w i l l s an d i n s e t t i n g u p p i e sc ri p
'
.
.

t i on s i n n o n d e c i m an d o ; an d i t i s f re q u e n tl y t h e o n l y e v i d e n c e
wh i c h c a n b e a d d u c e d o f t h e d i s c h a rge Of ab b e y l an d s f ro m t i th e s ,

a n d p l a c e s fro m to l l .

B u t t h ou gh th e l e gal u t i l i t y O f D o m e s d a y a s c o n fi n e d t o p e d i .

gre e s i s s m a l l t h e a n t i q u a ry a s w e l l a s t h e fa m i l y o r n at i o n a l h i s
. . ,

t o ri an w i l l fi n d m u c h a s s i st an c e an d gra t i fi c a t i o n i n c on s u l t i n g a
.

re co rd c on t a i n i n g th e n a m e a n d t i t l e o f e v e r y p e r so n o f i m p o r t a n c e
i n t h i s k i n gd om n e a rl y e i gh t c e n t u ri e s b a c k ; t h e s i t u a t i on n at u re . .

a n d ext e n t o f al l th e i r e s t a t e s a n d i n so m e i n s ta n c e s t h e n am e s Of
.

t h e i r fa th e r s w i v e s an d c h i l d re n A l m o s t e v e r y p a ge O f D u g d al e s
. . .
’

B a ron age may b e re fe rre d t o a s e v i d en c e o f t h e i m p o rt an c e of t h i s

c e n su s t o th e gen e a l ogi st .

T h e a u t h o ri ty o f t h i s bo o k i s n e v e r p e rm i tt e d t o b e c a l l e d i n
q u e s t i on — th e re i s n o ap p e a l f ro m i t ; h e n c e s o m e s up p o s e i t s n a m e ;
oth e r s fro m i t s p l a c e O f p re s e rv a t i o n t h e C h ap t e r H o u s e o f t h e
.

c h u rc h ( D om u s D e i ) a t \ Y e st mi n st e r I n q u e st i o n s re l at i v e t o .

t e n u re th e Co n q u e ro r h i m se l f o ft e n s u b m i t t e d to i t ; a n d f o r a l on g
.

t i m e a ft e r n on e w e re p e rm i tt e d t o m a ke c l a i m o r t i tl e t o l a n d s be
.

v on d t h e C o n q u e s t .

D o m e s d a y B ook c o n s i s t s o f t wo v ol u m e s w ri t te n i n L at m o n .

p a rc h m e n t an d i s n o w i n e xc e l l e n t p r es e rv a t i o n
. A 11 ab ri d gm e n t . .

i n on e v ol u m e — a v e r y b e a u t i fu l m an u s c ri p t ap p a re n t l y c o m p i l e d .

e a rl y i n t h e re i gn o f E d wa rd I i s i n th e s am e c u s to d y -
.

I t w i l l b e s e e n t h at W i l l i a m fo u n d h i m s e l f ob l i ge d t o a d op t
m e a s u re s wh i c h w o u l d fa st e n t h e h o l d i n g s h e h ad b e sto w e d fi rm l y . .

to h i s fav o ri t e s a n d t o t h e i r c h i l d re n a ft e r t h e m Th e s i m p l e c u s .

tom s o f th e Saxo n s h a d p e rm i t t e d t h e m t o h ol d t h e i r p rop e rt y w i t h

ou t m u c h p roc e s s O f l a w M i gh t w a s ri gh t an d d e e d s O f l an d w e re
. .

p ra c t i c al l y u n kn own .

Th e s h re wd N o rm an k i n g h i t u p o n a n exc e l l e n t p l an t o ae c o m
p l i sh h i s p u rp o s e H e s e n t a
. gro up O f ro y a l h e ra l d s o r s up e r —
c l e rk s
ou t i n to e v e r y sh i re O f th e k i n gd om w i t h p o we r t o c al l e v e r y l a n d
.

o wn e r an d p rop e rt y h ol d e r i n t o t h e c o u rt a n d th e re gi v e an a c c ou n t .

o f e v e r y foot o f l an d wh i c h h e c l a i m e d b e s i d e n am i n g e v e ry bi t O f
.
'

p rop e rt y d own t o t h e l a s t p i g a n d h a rro w T h e l o rd o f t h e m a n o r .

n e c e s s a ri l y n a m e d h i m s e l f a s o w n e r i h c h i e f o f al l o f h i s d e m e s n e
- -
.

b u t h i s t e n an t s an d u n d e r t e n a n t s w e re al so ob l i ge d t o ap p e a r an d
-

re c o u n t th e i r o w n h ol d i n g s i n t e n u re w i t h a l l O f t h e ap p u rt e n a n c e s
a n d p ro p e rt i e s e v e n d o wn t o th e p o o re s t c ot t e r of t h e v i l l age T h e
. .

n am e o f e a c h p rop e rt y h ol d e r wa s re c o r d e d w i t h t h e a m o u n t s fo l .
 —
M S S U RV E Y I N T H E D O M E S D A Y B O O K 107
’
\ .

l o w i n g o wn e d by e a c h i n d i v i d u a l T w o p u rp o se s w e re s e rv e d by
.
.

t h i s c e n s u s o f s u rv e y W i l l i a m t h u s l e a rn e d h o w m a n y fi gh t i n g
.

m e n h e h a d i n t h e k i n gd o m i n c l u d i n g h i s N o rm a n n ob l e s a n d
,

f ri e n d s ; a n d al l o f t h e o ri gi n a l A n gl o S axo n a n d D a n i sh c o m m o n
-

p e op l e we re n o w d i sp o s s e s s e d O f th e i r l an d s a n d p ro p e rty an d m a d e ,

t h e h e w e r s O f wo o d an d d raw e r s o f wa te r f o r t h e n ob l e s T h e s e c .

o n d p u rp o s e ac q u a i n t e d W i l l i a m w i t h t h e a m o u n t O f t axa b l e p rop
e rt y i n h i s n e w l y a c q u i re d k i n gd o m T h e re s u l t s o f th i s s u rve y
.
,

t h a t i s al l t h e s e n a m e s s o c a l l e d we re c a re fu l l y c op i e d i n a b oo k
. .
~
.

a ft e r t h ey h a d b e e n b ro ugh t t o W i l l i a m a n d t h i s m a n u s c ri p t b o ok
,

wa s c a re fu l l y b o u n d i n l e a th e r an d d e p o s i te d i n t h e ro y a l a rc h i v e s .

D o m e s d a y B o o k wa s o ri gi n al l y p re s e rv e d a t W i n c h e s t e r i n t h e
roya l t re a s u ry Wh e n t h e t re a s u ry w a s re m ov e d t o W e s t m i n s t er
.

A b b ey p rob ab l y u n d e r H e n ry t h e S e c o n d t h e B oo k we n t w i t h i t
, , . .

D O M E SD A Y B OO K AND C H E ST .

H e re i t re m a i n e d u n t i l t h e d a y s O f Q u e e n V i c t o ri a w h e n i t w a s ,

e v e n t u a l l y p l a c e d i n t h e p u b l i c re c o rd O f fi c e i n L o n d o n w h e r e i t .

c a n n o w b e s e e n i n a gl a s s c a s e i n th e R e c o rd s M u s e u m H a l l I n
. .

186 9 i t re c e i v e d a m o d e rn b i n d i n g
,
T h e a n c i e n t D o m e s d a y Ch e s t
.
,

w h i c h i s e l ab o ra t e l y c a rv e d a n d wa s s o l a rge t h a t i t s u gge s t s t h e
fa c t th at o t h e r re c o rd s w e re k e p t t h e re i s a l s o i n t h e Ro y a l M u
.

s e u m T h e re h av e b e e n s e v e ra l b oo k s p u b l i sh e d gi v i n g t h e c o n
.

t e n t s o f D o me sd av an d a n i n d e x w a s p u b l i s h e d i n 18 16 T h e B oo k .
 108 SU RNA M E B O O K .

i t se l f i s n o t l a rge — n o l a rge r t h an th e fa m i l y B i b l e an d n o t s o l a rge ,

a s s om e — b u t t h e w ri t i n g o n t h e l e av e s i s e xc e e d i n gl y fi n e a n d d e l i
c at e a n d v e ry m u c h c ro w de d toge t h e r
. .

T h e v al u e o f t h i s B oo k t o t h e ge n e al ogi s t i s w i th ou t p ri c e f o r ,

h e re i s fo u n d p ra c ti c al l y al l o f t h e h e a d s O f fam i l i e s l i v i n g i n E n g
l a n d i n t h e t we l ft h c e n t u r y E v e r y o n e w h o b e gi n s a s e a rc h fo r
.

E n gl i s h ge n e al og y c o m e s n a t u ral l y an d w i th o u t fa i l to th i s D om e s
. ,

d ay B o ok a s t h e fo u n ta i n h e a d o f h i s s u rn a m e h i s t o ry
-
W e gi v e i n .

th i s c h ap t e r a l i s t O f t h e n a m e s fo u n d t h e re wh i c h a re fa m i l i a r to

“
.

o u r U ta h re a d e r s a n d s t u d e n t s T h e fol l o wi n g d e s c ri p t i o n O f th e
.

B oo k by G e o rge M i n n s 1s e n l i gh t e n i n g .

A F re n c h m a n a B ri to n a D a n e a n d a S axo n m ak e a n E n gl i sh
. ,
” —
.

man — H i s to ry o f Fo re i gn R e fu ge e s B u rn . .

T h e n u m b e r O f p e r so n s a t t h e p re s e n t d ay m u st b e fe w i n d e e d ,

wh o— i f th e y kn o w a n y t h i n g a t al l ab o u t h i st o ry — h av e n o t h e a rd
o f D om e s d a y B ook ; t h at W i l l i a m t h e C o n q u e ro r w a s i n so m e w ay
re sp on s i b l e fo r i t s p rod u c t i o n an d t h a t i t i s ge n era l l y ac k n o wl e d ge d
.

t o b e o n e o f th e m o st p ri z e d o f al l o u r a n c i e n t re c o rd s : b u t O f i t s
c o n t e n t s i t s Ob j e c t i t s u t i l i t y I p re s u m e v e ry l i t t l e i s kn o w n b y t h e
. . ,

m an y ; i n d e e d u n t i l c o m p a rat i v e l y re c e n t t i m e s n o o n e h a d t ak e n
. ,

t h e ta sk 1n h a n d t o s t u d y t h e wh ol e O f i t s p age s s e ri o u s l y ; e v e n t h e
s c ri b e s o f 6 00 y e a r s ago w e a re t ol d fa i l e d t o c op y i t ac c u ra t e l y , ,

wh e n i t w a s n e c e s sa r y to re fe r t o i t i n t h e c o u rt s o f l a w .

T h i s may i n s om e m e a s u re b e a c c o u n t e d fo r a t t h e o u t s e t b y . .

t h e d i f fi c u l t i e s O f t h e t e xt ; wh i c h fo r t h e m o s t p a rt i s w ri t t e n i n a n
,

a rc h a i c h a nd i n c on t rac t e d L a t i n fo rm s a n d ab o u n d s i n m a n y u h .

fa m i l i a r n a m e s b ot h o f p l ac e s a n d t h i n g s e xp re s se d i n t e rm s
. .

p e c u l i a r t o th a t re m ot e p e ri o d O f t i m e T h e re i s al so a c e rt a i n.

a mo u n t O f S ax o n i n t e r sp e r s e d
‘
.

A l l t h i s i s u n i n v i t i n g c e rt a i n l y t o t h o s e w h o a re i n exp e ri e n c e d
,

i n d e c i p h e ri n g an c i e n t d oc u m e n t s t o m a k e a n a t te m p t t o u n rav e l
.

th e m e an i n g o f so m an y m y s t e ri o u s l ook i n g c h a rac te rs i n a M S S . .

ex t e n d i n g ov e r s e v e ra l h u n d re d s o f p age s o f fo l i o ; b u t th e i n i t i at e d
— t h e an t i q u a ri an a n d h i s to ri a n a re n o t s l o w t o c on s u l t i t f o r i n
,

fo rm a t i on i t wo u l d p rob ab l y b e i n v a i n t o s e e k fo r e l s e wh e re W i t h .

al l i t s d i f fi c u l t i e s i t n e e d n o t c a u s e u s t o re m a i n w h o l l y u n i n fo rm e d
.

o f w h a t i t c on s i s t s f o r th e re are s e v e ral p ri n t e d wo rk s o n th e s ub
.

j c et by va ri o u s w ri t e r s fro m w h i c h e n te rt a i n i n g a n d i n s t ru c t i v e
. ,

m at t e r c a n b e d ra wn ; m o re ov e r w e c a n n o w Ob ta i n fac —s im i l i i n
,

z i n c o p h ot ogra p h y o f t h e wh ol e o r o f an y s i n gl e c o u n t y d e c i p h e re d
-

, , ,

a n d to so m e e xt e n t t ran sl a t e d i f w e d e s i re t o s t u d y i t a t h o m e
, .

Th e y a re so m e wh a t exp e n s i v e to p u rc h a se ; a n d th e u s u a l ex p e ri e n c e
o f re a d e r s i s a ft e r d ev ot i n g y e a r s o f s t u d y to i t s p age s t h a t t h e y
. .

h a ve o n l y ga i n e d j u st a b a re k n o wl e dge O f t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h i s wo n
110 SURNA M E B O OK .

SA M P LE P A GE O F D O M E SD A Y B OO K .
 \ V IL I IA M S S U R \ E Y
.
’ '

I N TH E D O M ES DAY B O OK . 1 11

a n d t h e c o n te n t s of a no t h e r vo l u m e d e v o t e d t o C a m b ri d ge s h i re a l o n e
— t l1 e In q u i si t i o Co m i t at u s C an t abri e n si s —
‘

a re t h o u gh t t o h av e
b e e n c op i e d f ro m t h e o ri gi n a l re t u rn s i n t h e i r e n t i re t y I n th e l at .

t e r v o l u m e t h e re i s a re m a rk ab l e d i f f e re n c e t o b e o b s e rv e d i n i t s
ge n e ra l a rra n ge m e n t w h e n c o m p a re d w i t h D o m e s d ay S O m u c h s o .
,

t h at o n e w ri t e r s u gge s t s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a n i n t e rm e d i a t e v ol u m e ,

f ro m w h i c h b o t h i t an d t h e E l y v ol u m e s w e re t ra n s c ri b e d A S

“
.

p a rt o f t h e o ri g i n a l re t u rn s w e re l o s t an d o t h e r s p o s s i b l y d e s t roy e d
,

a s b e i n g o f 110 fu rt h e r u s e a ft e r t h ey h a d b e e n c op i e d i t i s d i f fi c u l t ,

t o d e t e rm i n e th i s M r J H Ro u n d d e c l a re s t h e I C C t o b e
. . . . . . .

t h e t ru e K ey t o t h e D o m e s d ay S u rv e y .

T h e re a re al s o t h e E xe t e r a n d t h e W i l t s h i re D o m e s d ay B o ok s ,

a n d D o m e s d ay B oo k s o f a l a t e r d a t e a s t h e B ol d e n B o o k w h i c h , ,

c o n t a i n s t h e re t u rn s fo r D u rh a m d a t e d 1183 , .

E a c h o f t h e B ook s h a s b e e n fo u n d t o c On t ai n o m i s s i o n s e rro r s , ,

a n d d o u b l e e n t ri e s I t i s t h e re fo re n e c e s s a ry fo r t h e S t u d e n t t o
. .

c om p a re t h e v o l u m e s t oge th e r a n d b y e n d e a vo r i n g to d i s c e rn th e
,

o ri gi n a l t ex t Ob t a i n a m o re p e rfe c t u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f i t s v a ry i n g
’

p a rt s a n d a d d i t i o n a l l i gh t o n ob s c u re p a s s age s A n d t o e n ab l e h i m
, ,
.

t o fa th o m t h e d e p t h s O f D o m e s d a y s t i l l m o re c o m p l e t e l y t o fi n d ,

t h e n at u re o f t h e R e c o r d an d t h e k n o w l e d ge o f w h at i t s m an y
Ob s ol e t e w o rd s a n d exp re s s i o n s re al l y m e a n t ; t o c o m p re h e n d i t s
v a l u e i t s t h e o re t i c a l a n d p ra c t i c a l u s e s i t i s a l s o n e c e s s a ry t o s e a rc h ,

c o n t e m p o ra r y an d s o m e w h a t l a t e r re c o r d s a s t h e y h el p t o s i m p l i f y

“
,

w h a t w ou l d o th e rw i s e b e a v ery gre a t t a s k t o a rr i v e a t a s j u s t c o n

“
e l u s i o n s R e fe r ri n g t o t h e e rro r s a n d o m i s s i o n s S i r H e n r y E l l i
.
,
s

s ay s T h e gre at n e s s o f t h e d e s i gn m i gh t i t s e l f b e exp e c t e d t o o c c a
,
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s i o n s o m e o m i s si on s A n d t h e R e v E y t on T h e s c r ib e s h a d t o
. . ,

p e rfo rm a t a s k n o t o n l y Of m a n u a l l ab o r a n d i m i ta t i v e a c c u ra c y ,

b u t a t a s k re q u i ri n g i n t e l l e c t — i n t e l l e c t c l e a r we l l b al a n c e d an d ,
-
,
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t ra i n e d w i t h al .

I t w i l l n o t b e u n i n t e re st i n g t o Ob s e rv e w h a t t h e g re a t p re c u r so r

“
O f D o m e s d a y— t h e S axo n C h ro ni c l e — h a s t o s ay ab o u t i t T h e .

t ra n sl a t i o n o f t h e e xt ra c t i s by M r B e n j a m i n Th o rp A D m l xxxv
'

. . .
,

( 085)
1 I n t h i s y e a r m e n d e c l a re d a n d fo r s o o t h s a i d t h a t C n u t , , .

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, . ,

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.

, ,

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’

wh o w a s t h e n i n N o rm a n d y —b e c a u s e h e o w n e d bo t h
,

o f E n gl an d ,

E n gl a n d a n d N o rm a n d y— w a s ap p ri s e d O f t h i s h e w e n t i n t o E n g
l a n d w i th so l a rge a n a r my O f h o r s e m e n an d fo o t f ro m F ra n c e an d
,

fro m B ri t t an y a s n e v e r b e fo re h a d s o u gh t th i s l a n d so t h a t m e n
, ,

wo nd e re d h o w t h i s l an d c o u l d fe e d al l t h a t a rm y B ut the king .

c a u s e d t h e a rm y t o b e d i s t ri b u t e d t h ro u gh al l t h i s l a n d a m on g h i s ,

v a s s a l s an d t h ey fe d t h e a rm y e ac h a c c o rd i n g t o t h e m e a s u re O f h i s
, ,

l an d A n d m e n h a d g re a t a ffl i c t i o n t h i s y e a r ; a n d t h e ki n g c a u s e d
‘
.
112 SURNAM E B OOK .

t h e l an d ab o u t t h e s e a t o b e l a i d w a st e so t h at i f h i s fo e s s h o u l d ,

l a n d t h e y m i gh t n ot h av e w h e re o n t h e y m i gh t s o re a d i l y s e i z e
, .

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d e re d a n d c o u l d n o t fu rt h e r t h e i r exp e d i t i o n h e l e t so m e o f h i s
, ,

a rm y g o t o t h e i r o w n l an d ; a n d so m e h e h e l d i n th i s l a n d ov e r th e
w i n te r Th e n at m i d w i n t e r t h e k i n g w a s a t G l o u c e s t e r w i t h h i s
.
-

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VV i t an ( l o rd s i n a s s e m b l y ) a n d t h e re h e l d h i s c o u rt fi v e d a y s a n d
’

a fte rw a r d s t h e a rc h b i s h op a n d c l e rg y h a d a S y n o d t h re e d ay s A ft e r .

t h i s t h e k i n g h a d a g re a t c o u n c i l a n d v e r y d e e p sp e e c h w i t h h i s .

‘ ’
VV i t an ab o u t t h i s l an d h o w i t w a s p e op l e d o r by w h at m e n ; t h e n
, ,

s e n t h i s m e n ov e r al l E n gl an d i n t o e v e r y s h i re a n d c a u s e d t o b e , ,
‘ ‘
a s c e rta i n e d h o w m a n y h u n d re d h i d e s ( a s s e s s e d l a n d ; t h e h i d e ’ ’

v a ri e d i n a re a b u t w a s u s u al l y 120 ac re s ) w e re i n t h e s h i re o r w h at
, ,

l an d t h e k i n g h i m se l f h a d a n d c a t t l e w i t h i n t h e l a n d o r wh a t d u e s
, ,

h e o u gh t to h av e i n t w el v e m o n t h s fro m t h e sh i re A l so h e c a u s e d
, , .

t o b e w ri tt e n h o w m u c h l a n d h i s a rc h b i s h op h a d a n d h i s s u f f raga n ,

b i s h op s a n d h i s ab b o t s a n d h i s e a rl s ; a n d wh a t o r h o w m u c h e a c h
,

m a n h a d wh o w a s a h ol d e r o f l a n d i n E n gl an d i n l a n d o r i n c a t t l e , , ,

a n d h o w m u c h m o n e y i t m i gh t b e wo rth S O v e r y n a rrow l y h e .

‘
c a u s e d i t t o b e t ra c e d o u t t h a t th e re w a s n o t o n e s i n gl e h i d e n o r
, ,
’

o n e y a rd O f l a n d n o r e v e n — i t i s sh a m e t o t e l l
,
t h o ugh i t s e e m e d ,

to h i m n o s h a m e t o d o— an o x n o r a c o w n o r a s w i n e wa s l e ft ,
.
, ,

t h a t w a s n o t s e t d ow n i n h i s w ri t :

A n d al l t h e w ri t i n g s we re .

b ro u gh t t o h i m a ft e rwa rd s .

I t i s th o u gh t p o s s i b l e t h a t th o s e w h o h a d th e m att e r i n h a n d
’
we re m o re exac t i n g t h a n w a s re q u i re d by t h e k i n g s p re c e p t ; y e t ,

o n th e o t h e r h an d u n l e s s t h e y t oo k a c c o u n t o f th e s toc k t h e y c o u l d
, ,

n ot a rri v e a t th e t ru e v a l u e Of a m a n o r ( l a n d b e l o n gi n g t o a l o rd ,

a l o rd s h i p ) .

“ “
For t h e d u e exe c u t i o n o f t h e S u rv c v c e rt a i n c o m m i s s i on e rs i h . .

q u i si to rs j u st i c e s a n d l e gat e s o f t h e k i n g w e re ap p o i n te d t o go i n t o
, ,

e ac h c o u n ty T h e I n q u i s i to r s sa y s S i r H E l l i s u p o n th e o at h s
.
,
. .

o f t h e S h e ri f f s t h e L o rd s o f e a c h m a n o r t h e P re sby te r s o f ev e r y
, .

Ch u rc h t h e R ev e s ( S h e ri f f s o r S t e wa rd s ) of e 1 e r y H u n d re d ( d i
, .

v i s i o n O f a c o u n t y ) t h e B a i l i f f s a n d S i x V i l l an s ( v i l l age r s o r to wn s
, . .

m e n ) w e re t o e n q u i re i n t o t h e n am e O f t h e p l ac e ; wh o h e l d i t i n
,

t h e t i m e o f K i n g E d wa rd ( 1041
. w h o wa s t h e p re se n t p o s
se sso r h o w m a n y h i d e s 1n t h e m a n o r h o w m a n y c arac u t e s ( p l o u g h
, ,

l a n d 120 ac re s ) i n d e m e s n e ( d o m a i n l an d s a dj ac e n t to th e m an o r
h o u s e ) h o w ma n y h om a ge rs ( t e n a n t s wh o p a i d h o m a ge to a s up e
. . ,

, ,

ri o r ) v i l l a n s c ot ari i ( c ot ta ge r s ) s e rv i ( s l av e s ) w h at f re e m e n h ow
. . , , ,

m an y t e n a n t s i n s oc a ge ( fre e h o l d e r s ) wh a t q u an t i t y o f w oo d h o w . ,

m u c h m e a d ow a n d p a st u re wh at m i l l s an d fi sh p o n d s h o w m u c h . ,

a d d e d o r t a ke n a w a y w h a t t h e gro s s v a l u e I n K i n g E d wa rd s t i m e
’

, ,

wh at t h e p re s en t v al u e an d h o w m u c h e ac h fre e m a n o r s o c k m an,
-

h ad o r h a s A l l th i s w a s to b e t ri p l y e st i m a t e d ; fi r st a s t h e e s ta t e
. .
 SU RNA M E B O O K
'

114 .

s u m i n t h o e d a y s O f t e n a n t s i n c h i e f th e re w e re abo u t
s .
-
Of
-

u n d e r te na n t s
-
.
A l l a re n a m e d a s w e l l a s t h e i r ap p rop ri at e .

t i tl e s an d l o c a t i on toge th e r w i t h t h e v al u e t e n u re an d s e rv i c e s at
, .

t ac h e d t o th e i r s ev e ra l p o s se s s io n s E n u m e rat e d w i t h t h e s e a re .

p e r s o n s o f m o re o r l e s s i m p o rt an c e w h i c h a c c o rd i n g t o S i r H E l l i s . , .
’

s u m m a r y re a c h th e tot al O f
. A n al p h ab e t i c al l i st i s gi v e n
i n h i s wo rk —O f th e c h i e f p e r so n s w h o we re o wn e rs o r o c c u p i e r s O f
l a n d i n t h e t i m e O f K i n g E d w a rd a s w el l a s a t t h e S u rv ey I t i s . .

on l y th e E l y a n d C a m b ri d ge vo l u m e s w h i c h c o n ta i n th e l i st s O f
j u ro r s i n th e i r re sp e c t i v e h u n d re d s T h e se w e re d o u b t l e s s c h o se n .

fo r th e i r l oc a l a n d p e r s on a l kn o wl e d ge T h e v a l u e O f th e i r t e st i .

m on y a n d th e i n fo rm at i on a f f o rd e d by t h e s e l i s t s i s t h e re fo re i n e s ,

t i m ab l e D o m e s d ay B ook i s al s o k n o w n a s t h e L i b e r d e W i n
.

”—
toni a t l1 e W i n c h e s t e r B oo k T h e O f fi c i a l re t u rn s o f t h e I n q u i s i
’

t i o n w e re se n t t o th a t p l a c e t o b e p re s e n t e d t o th e k i n g ; a n d t h e
.

b ook i n to w h i c h t h e s e we re a ft e rwa rd s c op i e d wa s fi rs t d e p o s i t e d
i n t h e D om u s D e i o r D o me sd e i a c h a p e l i n th e C at h e d ra l o f \Vi n
. .

C h e st e r — Go d s H o u s e
’
.

A n d aga i n a s t h e L i b e r d e T h e sau ro A t th a t t i m e th e ro y al

“
.
.

“
t re a su r y wa s a t W i n c h e st e r c a s tl e w h e re i t wa s a fte rwa rd s d e

“
.

“
p o s i t e d a n d w h e re i t re m a i n e d fo r s e v e ra l y e a r s b e fo re i t wa s
.

t ra n s fe rre d to \ V e st m i n st e r T h e G re a t R a t e B oo k th e B ook O f
. .

J u d i c i al V e rd i c t th e L a w B oo k
” — ”
D o m B o k ( S axo n ) e t c a re
“
. .
, .
,

a p p l i e d t o D om e s d a y by c e rt a i n w ri t e r s O n e o f th e s e i n th e fi f .

t e e n t h c e n t u ry s a y s It i s c al l e d D om e sd a y b e c a u s e l i ke t h e gre a t
. .

“
D ay o f J u d gm e n t i t s p a re s n on e ,
.

H i sto ri a n s h av e a s a ru l e fol l o wi n g t h e A n gl o S axon C h ro n

. .
-

i c l e r s g ro w l c h a rge d th e Co n q u e ro r w i th wan t on c ru e l t y gre e d

’ ’
. .

an d t y ran n y i n o u st i n g t h e S axon l an d o wn e r s to ge th e r wi t h th e i r
. .

l aw s a n d c u sto m s i n o rd e r t o i n t ro d u c e n e w on e s a n d e st ab l i sh h i s
. .

own p e c ul i a r m o d e o f go v e rn m e n t L at e r w ri t e r s h ow e v e r re co g . . .

n i z e h i m a s t h e gre a t o rgan i z e r a n d fo u n d e r o f th e k i n gd om ; a l o ve r
O f j u st i c e a n d o rd e r wh o so t h o ro u gh l y e x a m i n e d t h e s y st e m s O f h i s
.

re d e c e s so r s — re v 15m so m e an d re j e c t i n g oth e r s wh i c h we re fa u l t
p g .
y
a n d u n t e n a b l e ; th a t h e m a d e i t p o s s i bl e by h i s w i s e l e gi sl at i o n a n d .

so u n d fo rm O f a d m i n i s t ra t i o n fo r t h e c o u n t rv t o d e v el op i n to wh at
.

i t i s — a gre at e m p i re .

T h e m o re D o m e sd a v i s st u d i e d th e m o re w i l l th i s b e c o m e ap .

l l i am s s aga c i t y an d
’
p a re n t E 1 e n t h e S axon Ch ro n i c l e r a d m i t s
.

t h o ro u gh n e s s a s a m on a rc h I t i s c e rt a i n t h a t t h e Con q u e ro r d i d
.

n ot d i sp o s s e s s a l l b u t 0 11 1} t h o se wh o w e re h i s g re a te s t op p o n e n t s
.
,

a n d wh o fo u gh t aga i n st h i m a t t h e b a tt l e o f H a st i n g s U n d o u b t .

e d l y t h e re w e re m am Th an e s o r S axo n n ob l e m e n w h o d i d n o t .

o p p o s e th e k i n g w h o re t a i n e d th e i r h e re d i ta r y p o s se s s i on s u n d e r th e
.

n e w re gi m e s u b j e c t t o t h e G e l d o r l an d t ax w h o s e i l l u st ri ou s
. . .

n a m e s a re re c o rd e d 1n h i st o r1 an d wh o a re u n d o u b t e d l y rep re se n t e d
,
 S URV EY IN TH E DO M ES DAY BOO K . 115

“
a t t h e p re s e n t d ay Fu rt h e r re s e a rc h wo u l d p ro ba b l y r e v e a l m o re
.

t h a n a re n o w k no w n t o h a v e d e s c e n d e d fro m b ot h c h i e f an d u n d e r
tenant s T h e Re v M u m fo rd sa y s
. .I n th e secon d vol um e Of .

D o m e s d a y u n d e r a s ep a rat e h e a d a re s u c h l a n d s a s w e re p o s s e s s e d
. .

w i t h o u t a t i tl e fro m t h e Co n q u e ro r T h a t i s t h e y t h a t h e l d t h e m

“
. .

w e re n e i t h e r p u t i n p o s s e s s i o n b1 t h e s h e ri f f w i t h a u t h o ri t y f ro m
t h e k i n g n o r b y h i s l e ga l o r s p e c i a l c o m m i s s i on e r s n o r by h i s w r i t
.

”
o r b ri e f A n o t h e r w ri t e r s t at e s A l th o u gh t h e c on fi sc a t i o n o f t h e
. .

l a n d s o f t h e l a y m e n fe l l m o re l i gh t l y 0 11 S o m e r s e t t h a n o n m an y
c o u n t i e s a l l t h e l a rge r l ay t e n a n t s i n c h i e f i n 1086 w i th on e e x c ep
,
- -

‘
t i on w e re F re n c h m e n a s fo re i gn e r s w h e t h e r F re n c h o r N o rm a n
. .
’
. .

”
a re s ty l e d i n D o m e s d a y I t i s re c o rd e d t h a t t h e re w e re b u t fe w
.

O f t h o s e w h o w e re e st ab l i s h e d i n E n gl a n d by t h e Co n q u e ro r w h o s e

d e s c e n d a n t s i n t h e m al e l i n e h e l d t h e i r e s ta t e s fo r a n y gre a t l e n gt h
.
,
‘
of time M r J H Ro u n d exp re s s e s h i m s e l f t h u s :
. . . . H ow c a n i t
h a 1 e b e e n p o l i t i c fo r W i l l i am n o t o n l y t o p rO 1 O k e H a rol d b u t t o
’

. .

o u t ra ge t h e E n gl i s h p e O p l e ? I t w a s H a ro l d w i t h w h o m h i s q u a rre l
l ay a n d a s to t h o s e h e h op e d t o m ak e h i s fu t u re s ub j e c t s t o ra v age
. .

th e i r l a n d s w i l fu l l y a n d w a n to n l y wa s s c a rc e l y t h e way to c o m m e n d
h i m s e l f to t h e i r f a1 o r ; i t wo u l d ra t h e r i m p e l t h e m i n d re a d o f h i s .

”
11 a v s to re s i s t h i s d o m i n i o n t o th e d e at h
, .

R e sp e c t i n g t h e p ri n c i p l e b y w h i c h W i l l i a m w a s gu i d e d i n t h e
d i s t ri b u t i o n O f t h e l a n d a n d a p p o i n t i n g t h e c i v i l a n d e c c l e s i a s t i c a l
.

O f fi c e r s t h e re i s v e r y l i t t l e re l i a b l e i n fo rm a t i o n S o m e ap p ea r t o
, .

h a v e h a d e n o rm o u s g ra n t s O f l a n d O th e r s i n t i m e i n c re a se d t h e i r .
. .

h ol d i n g s by m a rri a ge a n d p ro b ab l y b y p u rc h a s e A l l s e rv i c e s w e re
. .

p a i d b y g ra n t s O f l a n d b ot h b e fo re a n d a ft e r t h e Con q u e st I t wa s
. .

a u n i v e r s al sy st e m o f t e n u re w h i c h w a s i n t ro d u c e d by W i l l i a m .

c a l l e d Fe u d a l i s m t h e e l e m e n t s O f wh i c h e x i s t e d p ri o r t o h i s i n
.

v a si o n .R ob e rt d e B u rgh Co u n t o f t h e M o rt ai g n e i n N o rm a n d y. . .

i s s a i d t o h av e h a d 793 m a n o r s P e t e r t h e N o rm a n B i s h o p O f L i c h .
,

fi e l d ( 1072 o w n e d ov e r o n e h u n d re d t h o u s a n d a c re s .

TO s u p p o rt h i s d i gn i t y O d o B i s ho p o f B ai eu x a s E a rl o f K e n t. . . .

h a d 439 m a n o r s gra n t e d h i m O d o w a s W i l l i a m s h a l f b ro t h e r a n d .
’
-

fo u gh t w i th h i m a t H a s t i n g s H e becam e i m men sely rich but .

,

fi n a l l y al l h i s p rop e rty wa s c o nfi s c a t e d a n d h e wa s b an i s h e d fro m

t h e k i n gd o m A l a n E a rl o f R i c h m o n d w h o m a rri e d Co n s t an c e
. . . .

d a ugh t e r o f t h e Co n q u e ro r Ob t a i n e d a gra n t O f 142 m a n o r s I n t h e. .

c o u n t y O f N o rfol k m a n o r s w e re h e l d by 6 2 p e r so n s I n S u f .

fo l k 6 29 m a n o r s w e re h e l d b y 19 p e r s o n s — L o rd s o r B a ron s w h o . .

a ft e r th e B i s h op s w e re t h e h i gh e s t O f ran k
. .

“
Fo l l o w i n g a re a fe w b ri e f ex t rac t s t ra n sl a t e d w h i c h w i l l s h o w . .

t h e fo rm s o m e o f t h e e n t r i e s t a k e i n D o m e s d ay :
I n t h e c i t y O f Ex e t e r t h e K i n g h a s c c c h o u s e s m i n u s x v re n d e r
i n g c u sto m T h i s re n d e r s xv i i i p o u n d s a y e a r O f t h e s e B a l d w i n
. .

‘
t h e sh e ri fi h a s v i p o u n d s by w e i gh t a n d a s s ay a n d Co l v i n x i i p o un d s .
116 SURNA M E B O OK .

by t a l e fo r th e s e rv i c e o f q u e e n E ad g y t h [ E d i t h ] T h i s c i ty i n t h e .

t i m e o f K i n g E d wa rd d i d n o t p ay ge l d exc e p t w h e n Lo n do n Yo rk ,

an d W i n c h e st e r p a i d a n d t h i s w a s h a l f a m a rk O f s i lv e r f o r t h e u s e

“
.

o f t h e m e n at — a rm s W h e n a n exp e d i t i o n we n t b y l a n d o r by s e a
.

,
”
th i s c i t y d i d s e r 1 1c e t o t h e s a m e a m o u n t a s v h i d e s O f l a n d .

T h e sa m e Tu ro l d h e l d D rai t o n T h e Co u n t e s s Go d e v a fo rm e r .

ly hel d it . T h e re w a s o n e h i d e O f l an d s ub j e c t t o a t ax T h e c u l t i .

v at e d l an d e m p l o y s v p l o u gh s [ e q u al to 6 00 a c re s ] I n t h e L o rd s ’
.

d e m e s n e i s o n e p l o u gh w i t h t w o h e rd s m e n a n d o n e V i l l e i n I n t h e
, .

t i m e o f K i n g E d w a rd i t w a s wo rt h v i i i sh i l l i n g s n o w o n l y v i ,

sh i l l i n g s.

T h e K i n g h o l d s A x e mi n st re I n t h e t i m e O f K i n g E d wa r d i t .

wa s a n s w e rab l e fo r o n e h i d e T h e re i s l a n d fo r xx p l o u gh s . .

I t re n d e r s v i i i p o u n d s O f t h e l a n d O f t h i s m a n o r W i l l i a m d e
.

O w ho l d s h a l f a v i rga t e [ 15 a c re s ] Of l an d wh i c h b e l on ge d t h e re to
'
‘

i n th e t i m e O f K i n g E d wa rd a n d E c c h a t h e re e v e p e rm i t te d a c e r

“
,

t a i n p ri e s t t o h o l d o n e fe rl i n g O f l a n d i n t h e t i m e O f K i n g E d wa rd .

”
N o w t h e m on k s O f L abat ai l g e h ol d i t .

T h e K i n g h o l d s A l se mi n i st re T h e re i s l a n d f o r X ] p l o u gh s .

[ 40 C arac u t e s] I n d e m e s n e a re i i p l o u gh s i i i i s e rf s xxx v i l l e i n s
.
, , ,

a n d xx b o rd a r s h u sb a n d m a n ] w i t h xv i i i p l o u gh s I t re n d e r s
,
.

xxv i p o u n d s by w e i gh t a n d a s sa y To t h i s m a n o r a re d u e x v p e n c e .

f ro m C h e rl et o n e a m a n o r of t h e b i s h op O f Co u t an c e s ; a n d fro m
,

H o n e t o n e a m an o r O f t h e E a rl O f M o rt a i n xx x p e n c e ; an d f ro m
, ,

S mau ri g e a m a n o r O f R al p h d e R o m e re i xxx p e n c e ; a n d f ro m
, ,

M an ebe ri e a m a n o r O f W i l l i a m Ch i e v re xxx p e n c e ; a n d f ro m R ov
, ,

e ri ge a m an o r o f S M a r y O f Ro u e n xxx p e n c e T h e s e p e n c e t h e
,
.
,
.

K i n g h a s n o t h a d n o w fo r s e v e ral y e a r s A d j ac e n t to t h e s a m e .

m a n o r i s O d e sc l i v e E d ri c t h e c ri p p l e h e l d i t i n a l m s f ro m K i n g E d

“
.

w a r d N o w E d wa rd 50 11 o f E d ri c h o l d s i t a n d i t p a i d ge l d f o r o n e
.
, , ,

v i rga t e o f l an d ”

U l f a f re e —
.

,
man u n d e r th e p ro t e c t i o n o f G u rt h h o l d s i i c a ru ,

c u t e s o f l a n d i n Su me rl e d e t u n fo r a m a n o r th e re w e re al w a y s i i i i ,

“
v i l l e i n s a n d i i i i b o rd a r s
, I n t h e Co n fe s so r s t i m e a n d n o w i i
.
’

, ,
”
p l o u gh s w e re k e p t .

T h e s a m e W i l l i a m P an t u l p h h o l d s T i re l i re U l u ri c an d R av e s .

v a rd h e l d i t f o r i i m a n o r s an d w e re f re e H e re 1 h i d e ge l d ab l e T h e . .

l a n d i s fo r i i Ox t e a m s H e re i i i v i l l e i n s an d i s e rf w i t h i t e a m I t
.

“
.

”
wa s wo rt h xv i i sh i l l i n g s n o w xx s h i l l i n g s , .

D o m e s d a y re c o rd s s e v e ra l s i n gu l a r a n d h e av y fi n e s p a y ab l e t o .

t h e B i s h op I f an y fre e m a n d o e s wo rk o n a h o l y d ay t h e b i s h op
.
-

h a s a fo rfe i t O f e i gh t sh i l l i n gs A s l av e o r m a i d s e rv an t so t ra n s
.
-

gre s s i n g p ay s fo u r s h i l l i n g s A m e rc h an t c o m i n g i n t o th e c i t y a n d
.

c a rry i n g a s t al l sh a l l p ay fo u r s h i l l i n g s i f h e t a ke i t d o w n b e t we e n
,

t h e n i n t h h o u r O f t h e S ab b at h a n d M on d ay w i t h ou t l i c e n s e fro m ,

th e b i s h op s O f fi c e r
’
.
118 SU RNA M E B O O K .

t h a t th e No rm an n a m e s a re p l a i n l y se p a ra te d f r
o m t h e A n gl o S ax on -

b ot h i n fo rm a n d m e a n i n g .

L i st of Th o se Wh o A t t e n d e d W i l l i am t h e C o n q u e r o r t o E n gl a n d ,
A c c or d i n g t o W ac e R o ma n d e R o u ”
,
“ .

A b b e v i l l e E u s tac h e d 8453 [ C a rte re t H u m fre y a n d M a u ge r

,
’

, .
.

A l a n F e rg an t D u k e O f B ri tt a n y d e 847 , , .

86 80 87 15 8721 , Ca u x kn i gh t s O f 86 25
,
.
.
,
.

A n i s i t h e m e n O f 8442
,
C ay l e I n gu l f d e 8483 ,
.
. ,
.

A n n e b a u l t S i re d 8643 C o i sn i e rs
,
S i re d e ( C on y e r s ) ’

,
.
. ,

A rge n t a n , t h e m e n O f 844 1 8558 ,

. .

A s n i e re s G i l b e rt d 8557 C i n g l a rs R o d u l f d e 8513
’
. .
, , , .

A u b i gn y S i re d ( D au be n y ) C i n t h e a u x S i re d e 8547
,
’
, , , .

8494 . Col o m b i e r s W i l l i a m d e 8556 , . .

A u m a l e S t e p h e n S i re d ( A l b e Co m b ray S i re d e 8669
, .
’

, . .

m a rl e ) 8443 Cot e n t i n B a ro n s o f 8378 8379

. .
, , , ,

A u n ay S i re d ( D a wn e y ) 866 9 8517
’
. .
, ,

A u n o u S i re d 8450 ,
C o n c h e s R ad o l f d e 7602’

, .
. , .

A u v i l l a r s S i re d 86 42 C o u rc y S i re d e ( m i st ak e f o r
,
’
. .
,

A v e n e l O f L e s B i a rd s S i re d T o rc y ) 8505 8550 ,
’

, , ,
.

8523 . C re v e e o u e r S i re d e 866 6 , ,
.

A v ran c h e s R i c h a rd S i re d E p i n a y ( fo r P i n s ) o r E sp i n e s
, .
’
, , ,

8491 . 8504 .

B ag u e v i l l e M a rt e l Fo u ge re s S i re d e 8387
,
de ( B a ske r , ,
.

v i l l e ) 8545 ,
Ga c e C h e v a l i e r d e 8552
.
, , .

B e a u fo u Ro b e rt d e ( B e a u fo rt ) G a e l R u d ol f d e 6393 8518
, , . , ,
.

8449 . E s t o u te v i l l e 8452 . .

B e a u m o n t Roge r ( m i st a k e n fo r E u R o b e rt Co u n t o f 8726
, . .
,
.

Ri c h a rd ) d e 8353 8356 Fa l a i se m e n O f 8441 , , . . , .

B e rt ra m Ri c h a rd 8525 ,
Fe rt e L a S i re d e 860 1 , . . . , .

B i e n fa i t e R i c h a rd d e 8560 Fi t z E rn e i s R ob e rt 8645
, , . .
, .

B i got Roge r 8571 ,

Fi t z O sbe rn 7511 76 73
, .
, , .

B a i rd s L e s ( s a m e a s A v e n e l ) Fo n t e n ay S i re d e 86 70
, , , , .

8492 . G l o s S i re d e 856 2 , ,
.

B o h u n H u m f re y d e 8474
,
Go u rn a i H u gh d e 8479 , .
, , .

B ol b e c H u gh d e 8559
,
G o uv ix S i re d e 8547 , .
, , .

B o n n e bo sq u S i re d e 856 1 G ra n d m e s n i l S i re d e o r d e L i s
, ,
. , ,

B ou t e v i l ai n ,
8605 .
i e u x 846 l . .
o

B ra y t h e m e n O f 8580
, H a i e L a S i re d e 8505 , . . .
,
.

B re h a l S i re d e 8536
, H a rc o u rt S i re d e 866 3 , .
.
,
.

B re t eu i l l t h e m e n O f 8531
H o m m e t L e t h e m e n O f 8537
, , .

B rix o r B ru i s ( B ru c e ) th e m e n
, , , .

.
,
J o rt S i re d e 8 50 5
Of , 866 7 .
.

'
, .

L A i g l e I n gu l f d e 8483
’

Ca e n m e n O f 8440
, , . , , .

C ah agn e s S i re d e 8558 L a L a n d e W i l l i a m Pa t ri c d e
, , .
. ,

C a i l l y S i re d e ( C ai l ey) 8543
.

, 86 09 86 23 , , .
 SURV EY IN T H E D O M E S DA Y B O O K . 119

L a s sy . Cheval ie r de ( Lacy) , Rol lo ( R ou le of

8551 . Th u st an . t h e st an d a rd b e a re r
L i t h a i re S i re d e 8545 . 76 57 86 98
. .
. f . .

Luc y S i re de 8495
. R o u e n c i t i z e n s o f 8439
. .
, . .

M agn evil l e S i re tl e . S i re d e 86 7 1 . . ,

8454 . R o u m a re (l e 8447 . .
.

M ay e n n e G e o ffre y d e 8473 .
S a c y D e C h e v al i e r 8553 . .
. . . .

M a l l e t W i l l i a m 836 3 8375
. S a i S i re d e 86 00 . . .
. . .

M a re L a S i re d e 8446
. .
S a i n t C l a i r S i re d e ( Si n c l a i r )
. .
.
.

M a rm i o n Ro ge r 8514 . 86 43 . . .

f 844 7
Mathi eu th e men o . S a int J ean De 8536 . . . .

M o n c e a u x S i re d e 8548 S a i n t M a rt i n S i re d e 8456
, . .
. . .

M o n t f ray G i f fa rd S i re ( 16 8600 83 i n t 5216 118 S i re d e 8543

. . . .

, ,

M o n t fi q u e t S i re d e 856 9 Sa in t Val e r y S i re de 8725

. , . . .

M o n t fo rt H u gh d e 8370 , sap L e S i re d e 856 2 . .

. ,
.

M o n tg o me ri e Ro ge r d e 8306 S e m i l l y S i re d e 8544
,
. , . , ,

8727 . S o l e m e n O f 8535 . , .

M o rl a i S i re d e 86 7 1
, S u b l i gn y S i re o f 8493
. . . .

M o rt a i n Ro b e rt Co u n t . Ta i so n R u d o l f d e o r d e C i n g
, .
,

10514 . l a i s 8513 .

M o rt e m e r H u g h ( C h r i s t i a n T a n c a rv i l l e S i re d e 8453
.
, ,
.

n a m e w ro n g ) 86 41 T e l l i e re s G i l b e rt C ri s p i n c o m
,
.
. . ,

Moulin s Wi lliam de ( M ull ins) , m a n d e r o f 8390 , , ,

8457 .
To u q u e s S i re d e 8446 , . .

M o y o n W i l l i a m d e ( M o h u n ) T ra c y S i re d e 8496
, , . . .

8511 . T o u rn e u r L e S i re d e 8555 , . .

N e h o u S i re d e 8447
, T ro u g o t s S i re d e 856 3
,
.

. ,
.

O rv a l t h e m e n O f 8535
, T ro u sse bo t 8605 ,
.
. .

O u i l l y Ch e v a l i e r d e
, Th u rst i n o r Th u st an s t an d a r d , .

8553 . b e a re r 76 56 86 98 8701 , , , .

P a c y S i re d e ( P a c e ) 8549
, U ri n e S i re d e ( O ri gn y ) 8599 ,
.
. , .

P a i sn e l d e s M o u t i e r s H u m b e rt \ al d ai re S i re d e 8496
'

, .
.

( P ag an e l ) 8524 V a re n n e d e
, 8477 .
. . .

P ee l e i t d e ( B e l l e t ) 6 39 1
, Va s s y Si re d e ( V e y s e y ) 8535 .
. ,
.

P i n s S i re d e s ( s a m e a s V a u d re u i l t h e c ro s s b o w m e n of
, .

8458 .

P i ro u C h e v a l i e r d e 8448
. ,
. V i e z M o l e i S i re d e .

Po rt S i re d e 8504 B a c o n 8548
'

, ,
.
. .

P rea ux S i re d e 8546 \ i t re S i re d e 8495

'

. .
, , .
,

P re s l e s S i re d e 8555 , , . V i e u x Po n t \V i l l i am d e , . 837 1 .

Re v i e r s S i re d e R i c h a rd
. . , 8507 .

A n gl o S ax o n -
an d D an i s h N a m e s in D o me s d a y .

Aben A b o ( Yo rk s )
( L i n e s) . . FE d ri c G rim ( S ti f f ) .

Achi Ch esh S uff etc ) . . . . .E l f ag ( N otts ) E l f ag .

A c u m ( L i n e s ) A c u n ( Yo rk s ) .
. E rg rnn ( S a lop )
. .
120 S U RN A M E B O O K .

Ail m ( Co rn A i l me r m el c ( L i n es . a n d s e v e ra l ot h e r c o u n
ties) .

Aki C h e t e l be rn ( Nott s Lin c s ,

.
,

A l d e n e t op e ( L i n c s ) . p rop e rl y K e ti l bj o rn .

A l g ri m ( Yo r k s ) . C l ac ( L i n e s) .

A l l i ( B uc k s B e d s ) . . Co l ( L i n e s) Co l a , Col e
A l n o d G ru t t ( H e rt s ) . Su ss C ol l e
A l ri c ( B u c k s S u f f B e d s ) . . . Col o ( m a n y c o u n t i e s ) C oo l e ,

A l s i B ol l a (Wilts) .

A l u re d b i ga ( K e n t ) . C ou t a
A l u ri c ( H e rt s C an 1 b s D ev .
.
. . C ri n ( Y o rk s ) .

Oxf E s s S u f f H ert s )
. .
.
.
. . D ed o l ( Ch e sh ) D oda D ode , ,

“
A l wa rd ( m a n y c o u n t i e s ) D o d o ( v a ri o u s c o u n t i e s ) .

A l w i n ( m an y c o u n t i e s ) . D on D o n e D o n n e D o n n u s e t c
. . , , .

”
A m o d fe m .
.
( v a ri o u s c o u n t i e s ) .

A n d rae ( H a n t s ) E d l ou ed i ef

“
.
.

A n u n t d ac u s p rop e rl y E d m e r ( H e rt s , M iddx .
,
B uc ks ,

O n u n d the D ane .

A p e ( So m e r s ) A p p e ( W i l t s ) . . E d ri c ( i n n u m e ro u s c o u n t i e s ) .

A rc h i l ba r ( L i n e s) . Edwin ( Leic s .

A rd e g ri p ( L i n e s Y o rk s ) .
, E d w a rd w i t ( B e d s ) .

A re g ri m ( C 11 p rop e rl y E l d i l l e
A rn gri m . El si j il l i n ge ( Nott s) . a n at i v e o f
A sc h i l ba r ( L i n e s) Jutland . .

A se l o c ( N o t t s ) E py ( B u c k s )
. .

A u t i ( s e v e ra l c o u n t i e s ) E rg ri m .

A z o r ( s e v e ra l co u n t i e s ) . E sbe r b i ga ( K e n t ) ,
p rop e rl y
B a c o ( L i n es ) . O sbe rn .

B ar ( Y o r k s Suf f M i ddx . .
, E u e w ac re
. N o rf ) al so B e r ( Yo rk s ) . F e l ag a
B a i n ( Yo rk s )
s
Fo t ( Ch e sh
.

Bi a g
. Fu g l o ( Bed s) .

B il G a m ( Yo rk s ) G am e ( L e i c s , .

B oda ( Hants ) Bod e ( W ilts ) Yo rk s ) Ga m e ] ( i n v a ri o u s

. , .

B od d u s countie s) .

B o u ( N o r f ) B u ( Yo rk s ) B o u i G ame l c arl ( Yo rk s ) G ami l bar

. . .

( s e v e ra l c o u n t i e s ) G u m e l bar Ga mi l t o rf ( Yo rk s ) .
. .

B ri c st o w a rd ( S om e r s ) Geth n e ( S a l o p ) . .

B ri c t u ar B u b b a G i l e p at ri c ( Yo rk s ) .

B ri h t u o l d G l u n i e r ( Yo rk s ) .

B u n d a B on d e B on d i B u n d i G o d to v i
. . .
,

B o n d o ; e t c ( i n v a ri o u s c o u n G o l e at h eg n
.

tie s) . Gol d ( Ca m b s ) .

C a fl o ( So m e r s ) Go l n i l ( B u c k s )
. .

C a v a C a v e C av o C av u s
.
.
Gos ( Hunts) . .

Cel c ott G ri bo l ( L i n c s) .

C h et ebe r ( Yo rk s ) Ch et t el ber G ri mu l f .
 XIII .

B O O K O F L IF E O F D U R H A M M IN S TE R .

L i be r V i t a e .

A n o t h e r v a l u a b l e a n t i q u a ri a n re l i c i s t h e so c a l l e d B oo k o f L i f e
-

o r L i b e r V i t a e o f t h e C h u rc h o f D u rh a m T h i s l i s t i s a rol l o f
.

b e n e fa c to r s o r d o n o r s w h o c o n t ri b u t e d l i b e ral l y t o t h e C h u rc h o f
D u rh a m i n o rd e r t h at t h e i r n a m e s m i gh t b e i n s c r i b e d i n t h at b o ok

“
.

wh i c h w a s l a i d u p o n t h e al t a r a n d re c e i v e d e s p e c i a l p ray e r s f ro m
t i m e to t i m e .

A w ri t e r i n 16 72 o n T h e A n c i e n t R i te s a n d M o n u m e n t s O f th e
‘

M o n a s t i c a l a n d C at h e d ra l Ch u rc h o f D u rh a m t h u s d e sc ri b e s t h e ’

‘
b oo k : T h e re d i d l i e 0 11 t h e H i gh A l t a r a n exc e l l e n t fi n e b o o k .

ve r y richl y cove red with gol d an d s ilve r conta in in g th e name s o f

a l l t h e b e n e f a c t o rs t o wa rd S t C u t h b e rt s C h u rc h fro m t h e v e ry
.
,

o ri gi n a l fo u n d a t i on t h e re o f t h e v e ry l e t t e r s o f t h e b ook b e i n g f o r
. ,

th e m o s t p a rt al l gi l t ; a s i s a p p a re n t i n t h e s a i d b o ok t o th i s d ay
,
.

T h e l a y i n t h at b o ok o n t h e H i gh A l t a r d i d s h o w h o w h i gh l y t h e y
g
e s te e m e d t h e i r fo u n d e r s a n d b e n e fa c to r s a n d t h e q uo t i d i a n re m e m
.

b ra n c e t h u s h a d o f th e m i n t h e t i m e of M a s s an d d i v i n e s e rv i c e .

A n d th u s d i d ap p e a r n o t o n l y t h e i r gra t i t u d e b u t a l so a m o st d i v i n e
.

a n d c h a ri t ab l e a f f e c t i o n t o t h e s o u l s o f t h e 1r b e n e fac to r s a s we l l

“
,

d e a d a s l i v i n g ; w h i c h b o o k i s s t i l l ex t an t d e c l a ri n g th e s a i d u s e o f
,
’
t h e i n sc ri p t i on s th e re o f. B a ri n g Go u l d s a y s :
-

T h e v ol u m e i s d e s c ri b e d o n t h e t i t l e a s t h e L i b e r V i t a e o f
‘ ’

t h e C h u rc h o f D u rh am Th e fac t o f t h e b e n e fa c t o r s n a m e s b e i n g
.
’

re c o rd e d i n t h e b oo k w a s c o u p l e d w i t h t h e h op e an d t h e p ra y e r

“
‘
t h a t t h e s a m e m i gh t a t t h e l a s t fi n d a p l ac e i n t h e B oo k o f L i fe i n .
’

wh i c h a re re c o r d e d t h o s e w h o sh al l b e e n t i t l e d t o e te rn a l s a l v a t i o n
'

T h e m an u sc ri p t i t se l f i s on e o f p e c u l i a r i n t e re s t fro m t h e m a n .

n e r i n wh i ch i t i s w ri t t e n . F ro m t h e c o m m e n c e m e n t a t fo l i o 12 t o .

fol i o 42 i t i s e xe c u te d i n a l t e rn at e l i n e s o f gol d an d s i l v e r w ri tt e n
. ,

i n h a n d w ri t i n g o f p e c u l i a r e l e ga n c e t h e p re c i s e age of wh i c h i t i s
.

n o t e a s y t o d e c i d e b u t w h i c h m ay p rob ab l
, y b e re fe rre d t o t h e n i n t h
c e n t u r y F ro m th a t p e ri o d d o wn w a rd s t o t h e D i s sol u t i o n i t i s c o n
.

t i n u e d i n v a ri ou s h an d s e ac h l e s s e l e gan t t h a n t h at w h i c h p re c e d e d
.

i t W h e n t h e v ol u m e w a s c o m m e n c e d i t wa s s o p re p a re d a s t o
. .

ad m i t th e n a m e s o f b e n e fac t o r s b e i n g a r ra n ge d a c c o rd i n g to ra n k ;
b u t a t a s u b s eq u e n t p e ri od a s u n o c c u p i e d p a rc h m e n t g re w s c a rc e r
.

i n t h e v ol u m e t h e s c ri b e s fro m t i m e t o t i m e took a d v a n t age o f an y

.

b l an k S p a c e s t h a t m i gh t oc c u r an d e n t e re d t h e re t h e n a m e s o f t h o s e
. .

b e n e fa c to r s w h o w e re fa r m o re re c en t H en c e t h e l i s t i s n o t
.

c h ron o l ogi c a l l y s eq u e n t a n d to re a d i t a ri gh t dem an d s th at t h e s e

.
 BOOK OF LIFE OF D U RH A M M I N S T E R . 123

a d d i t i o n s s h o u l d b e d i s t i n gu i s h e d fro m th e t e xt o f t h e e a rl i e r w ri t e r .

T h i s h o we v e r c a n b e d o n e b e c a u s e t h e st v l e o f w ri t i n g i n t h e
, , ,

d i f f e re n t c e n t u ri e s v a ri e d c o n s i d e rab l y .

T h e e a rl i e r n a m e s a re a l m o s t a l l e i t h e r A n gl e o r S c a n d i n av i an ,

w i t h a sp ri n k l i n g o f C e l t i c A re c e n t s t u d e n t h a s e xa m i n e d t h e l i s t
.
,

a n d h a s s o u gh t t o d i s c ri m i n at e b e t w e e n t h o s e t h a t a re A n gl o S axo n -
.

t h o s e t h a t a re D a n i s h a n d s u c h a s a re N o rwe gi a n T h o se w h i c h
. .

a re Ce l t i c c a n a t o n c e b e d e t e c t e d b u t i t i s v e r y d o u b t fu l w h e t h e r ,

i t i s p o s s i b l e s o n i c e l y t o s e p a ra t e s u c h a s a re N o r s e fro m s u c h a s
a re D a n i s h .

A ft e r t h e N o rm a n Co n q u e s t oc c u r oc c a s i on a l N o rm a n n a m e s .

a n d t h e s e b e c o m e m o re fre q u e n t a s t i m e go e s O 11 T h e s e l at t e r a re .

t h e s o l e t h a t c an b e c a l l e d s u rn a m e s t i l l a m u c h l a t e r p e ri o d 111 .

t h e e a rl i e r c e n t u ri e s t h e n a m e s a re s i n gl e a n d s i m p l e a n d w i t h gre a t .

ra ri t y do e s a m a n b e a r a B i b l i c a l n a m e o r o n e d e ri ve d f ro m t h e
c a l e n d a r o f t h e C h u rc h E v e n m o n k s a n d c l e rgy c l u n g to th e O l d
.

n a m e s s o e a s i l y a n d s o ri c h l y fo rm e d o u t o f t h e n a t i ve t on gu e a n d
,

“
.

s h ra n k f ro m t h e b a n a l i t y o f t u rn i n g t o th e c a l e n d a r f o r t h e n o m e n
c l at u re o f t h e i r c h i l d re n H e re fo r i n s t a n c e i s t h e l i s t o f th e au
.
, .

’
t h o ri t i e s i n p ri e s t s o rd e r s :

( E d i l 1v al d V e rm u n d B al d h e l m P el i g e l d H ae m g i l s
"
. .
, . ,

F ro n k a A l d be rt E c h h a T i l f ri t h A l h ae t h
. . A u gu s t i n u s B i l f ri t h
. . . .

H a d u f do G arw u l f ( i e C u t h re d

“
. . .
. .

H ad u m u n d f
i g be rt
. B u t a s i n gl e s a i n t l y n a m e a m o n g s t t h e m
.

A ugu s t i n u s .

’
A m o n g t h e A b b ot s i n p ri e s t s o rd e r s a re gi v e n s i xt y s e v e n -

“
n a m e s : o n e a l o n e a m on g t h e m i s S c ri p t u ra l — E l i a s ; n on e fro m t h e ‘

“
calen dar .

I f t h i s 11 e re s o a m o n g m o n k s an d c l e rgy i t m ay w e l l b e s up .

p o s e d t h a t t h e l a i t 1 c l u n g t o t h e i r t ra d i t i o n a l 1 e rn ac u l ar n a m e s .

O n fo l i o 24B 11 e h a 1 e s ix t y—t h re e p u re A n gl e o r S c a n d i n av i a n t3

n a m e s a n d th e n c o m e t h e s e : O sb e rt so n o f W i l l i am M at t h i l d
, , .

Ro b e rt a n d H u go I s ab e l T h o m a s E m m a J o h n U l a rd D e c i l i a
. . . . . . .

J o h n R i c h a rd A l i c e
. . a l t e r Ro b e rt N i c o l a s T h o m a s W e k n o w
.
"

. . . .

“
a t on c e t h a t t h e s e b e l o n g t o a l a t e r p e ri o d : i n fa c t t h e y a re a n i n
s e rt i o n o f t h e t h i rt e e n th c e n t u r y .

O b s e rv e t h a t a m o n g a l l t h e s e e v e n t h e n t h e re i s n o t rac e o f a
s u rn a m e .

i n t h e l i s t o f b e n e fa c t o rs o f th e t w e l ft h c e n t u r y w e fi n d
t h a t B i b l i c a l a n d F re n c h Ch r i st i a n n a m e s a re c re e p i n g i n a n d d i s

“
p l a c i n g th o s e t h a t a re m o re a n c i e n t a n d v e rn a c u l a r t h e n al s o w e .

s e e th a t th e ge rm s o f su rn ame s a p p e ar H e re i s t h e l i s t o f a s s i st a n t .

m on k s ( fol 5 .

i d o R o b e rt t h re e W
. V i l l i am s H e n r y o f A d d i n gt o n G al f ri d
. . . .

B e n i g n u s a n d E v a h i s w i fe ( t h i s a E d wa rd J o h n . ,

Ro b e rt R i c h a rd M a r g a re t ( h o w c o m e s s h e e n c e t t e
. .

S we y n O l a f H e d bal d. d e G re n v i l l e
. f al t e r . .
124 SURNAM E B OO K .

C a rv i P a t ri c o f P ax to n a n d P at ri c k o f H o v e d e n R i c h a r d G a m e l
, , ,

( p ri e s t o f Col d i n gh a m ) W a l t e r o f Q u e r e n d on Rob e rt th e P
,
ro v o s t , ,

B ro th e r ZE l w ard T h o m a s o f B i s h op t o n A l b e rt o f M a n d e v i l l e
, , ,

Rob e rt o f B ol l e sd o n U l ki l l C o l ban H y u n H e n ry t h e S e w e r A d am , ,

“
, , , ,

A l fi n R i c h a r d Gu r G i l ebe rt H al sa rd W i l l i a m t h e P i st o r A u gu s
’
, , , ,

t i n e H u gh Roge r D av i d S t e p h e n t h e M e d i c i n e M a n e t c
, , , , , .

W e h av e t h re e W i l l i am s e n t e re d o n e a ft e r t h e ot h e r w i t h o u t . ,

any di stin ction W e h av e a l s o s e v e ra l Ro b e rt s Cl e a rl y i t wa s

“
. .
,

exp e d i e n t t o gi v e t h e m d i s t i n gu i sh i n g n a m e s e i th e r n i c k n a m e s o r ,

s u rn a m e s .

O n fol i o 53 a re 193 n a m e s an d t h e w ri t i n g i s o f t h e t h i rt e e n th ,

c e n t u ry w i t h so m e ex c ep t i o n s t o b e n o t e d p re se n t l y t h a t a re o f t h e
, ,
‘
fi ft e e n th A m o n g a l l t h e s e t h e re a re fo rt y t h re e d e s c ri b e d a s Of f
.
’

‘ ’
s u c h an d s u c h a p l ac e b u t som e of t h e s e a re on l y P r 10 1 s o f a n d ,

tw o a re e n t e re d a s s o n s o f So — an d — so b u t t h e re i s n o i n d i c a t i on t h a t ,

s u c h w a s a s u rn a m e B u t t h e re a re a fe w s u rn a m e s— R oge r M u re f
. .

W i l l i a m W al ai s ( i e W a l l a c e ) Roge r P a u p e r ( P oo r ) H u gh B a rd
. .
, , , .

Rob e rt W atk y n so n B arth ol o m e w P e c k M a s t e r J o h n A be g e i s W i l

. , .

l i a m E a rl M a r s h a l l a n d A l ex a n d e r a n d G i l b e rt M a r s h a l l R ob e rt
, , ,

G e rn e t o f H a wt o n an d Ro ge r K e rn et O f B u rc h W i l l i a m T re d w e u g e , ,

A l an M at i l d a H e n ry a n d J o h n C o l st an W i l l i a m Fab e r ( t h e s m i t h )
. , , .

W i l l i a m H al y w e l l a n d W i l l i a m W arc w o rt h ,
I n th i s sam e l i st i n .

w h i c h t h e fa m i l y o f C o l st an ap p e a r s w i t h a d i s t i n c t s u rn a m e at .

t ac h i n g t o e ac h m e m b e r o c c u r t h re e J o h n s w i t h o u t a n y t h i n g t o

“
,

a rt i c u l a ri z e t h e m o n e a fte r t h e o t h e r Fo u rt e e n ge n u i n e s u rn a m e s
‘

p ,
.

a m o n g 193 i n d i v i d u al s w i th o u t .

L e t u s n ext t ak e fo l i o 56 wh i c h i s o f t h e t h i rte e n t h an d fou r .

t e e n t h c e n t u ri e s H e re w e p rog re s s so m e w h a t
. W e ge t t h e s e : .

‘
T h o m a s H e n k n o l l H u gh M u c h an t e ( i s t h i s a m i s p ri n t f o r m e r
.

W i l l i am R o d u m R ob e rt B u t t T h o m a s t h e D i tc h e r , ,

T h o m a s K e y l g a rn T h o m a s L au c e l H e n ry L ov e c h i l d . , ,

( i e b a st a rd ) T h o m a s D ay l l e Rob e rt J o h n so n R i c h a rd A t k y n so n
. .
, , , . ,

R ob e rt H u g h al t G i l b e rt H a n s a rd O sb e rt G i ff a rd W i l l i a m D e u
. . , .

U l k i l l t h e Fu l l e r G e o f f re y P i c o t J oh n C u t l e r J o h n B i l l e rby a n d
, . . ,

J oh n T h i rl w at h T h e s e t h re e l a s t a re a d d i t i on s o f t h e fi ft e e n th
.

c e n t u r y N o w h e re w e h a v e J oh n s o n a n d A t k y n so n b e c o m e s u r
.

‘ ’
n a m e s d i s t i n c t f ro m t h e e n t ri e s o f fi l i u s
. I n t h i s s e ri e s t h e n u m .

b e r o f re fe re n c e s t o p l ac e s w h e n c e th e b e n e fa c to r s c a m e i s l a rge l y

“
i n c re a s e d b u t t h e re s t i l l re m a i n s a re s i d u e o f Jo h n s a n d H e n ri e s
, .

o f N i c o l a s e s an d W i l l i a m s w i t h o u t i n d i v i d u a l i z at i o n . .

W h e n h ow ev e r w e a r ri v e a t th e fi fte e n t h c e n t u ry t h e n u m b e r
. , .

of s u rn am e s h a s v a s t l y i n c re a s e d H e re i s a s c rap o f t h a t p e ri o d .

i n t h e re gi s t e r ; Jo h n B l y e t a n d h i s w i fe W i l l i a m a n d h i s w i fe M a r

“
,

ga re t B l y e t F ran c i s Fo s t e r J o h n B l y t h e Rob e rt B l u e t t R ob e rt

“
, , . .

Ro u s s e B r y a n T el l e r T h o m a s F e n w y k e Ro b e rt B al l a rd
, , , .

I n t h e h a n d o f t h e th i rt e e n th o r m o re p rob ab l y t h e fo u rt e e n th , .

‘ ”
c e n t u ry ap p e a r s t h e e n t r y : W i l l i a m Ch e p e c o c u s d e o r c o ok o f
, .
 126 SU RNA M E B O OK .

m e rc h a n t a s m i t h a t av e rn e r a fu l l e r a n d t h a t i s abo u t a l l T h e
. , , , .

t ra d e s m e n o f D u rh a m s e e m t o h av e b u t t o n e d up t h e i r p o c k e t s o r ,

e l s e t h e s m a l l n e s s of t h e i r d o n at i o n s d i d n o t e n t i t l e t h e m t o c o m
me n d at i o n i n t h e B oo k o f L i fe .

O n t h e fly l ea f o f t h e t e n t h c e n t u r y m a n u s c ri p t‘ b oo k o f t h e
-

Go s p e l s i n t h e l i b ra r y of Yo rk M i n i s t e r 1 s a l i s t of t h e f e st e rme n a t ’

th e e l e c t i o n o f A rc h b i s h op ZE l f ri c o f Y o rk 1023 I t h a s b e e n p ub ,
.

l i sh e d by D r J o n S t e f e n se n S ag abo o k o f t h e V i k i n g C l u b ’
.
,

T h e n a m e s a re m o s t l y N o r s e a n d D an i s h ( B a ri n g Go u l d ) .
-
.

S c an d i n av i an N am es i n t h e L i b e r V i t ae .

( I t d o e s n ot fo l l o w t h a t t h e s e s u rn am e s c e rt a i n l y d e ri 1 e fro m

t h e N o rs e o r D a n i s h S o m e a re c o m m o n t o t h e A n gl o Saxo n s .

B u t a l s o s o m e o f o u r fam i l y n a m e s m ay d e r i v e f ro m t h e Sc a n
,

d i n av i an w h e n e n c ou n t e re d i n a n c i e n t N o rt h u m b ri a w h e re a s th e
, .

s a m e n am e may h av e a d i f f e re n t o ri gi n e l s e w h e re H o z i e r may d e .

ri v e f ro m a h o s i e r o r f ro m O z z u r an d Bru s i may h av e o r i gi n at e d
, .

s o m e B ru c e s a s w e l l a s t h e N o rm an p l ac e —n a m e B ru i x Som e

“
.

B u rn s may d e d u c e t h e i r n a m e f ro m B j o rn o t h e r s fro m a b ro o k . .

F re e m a n may i n so m e c a se s b e a n a n gl i c i z i n g o f F re i m u n d i n ,
”
o th e r s d e sc ri b e s t h e q u a l i t y i s a Fra n k l i n T h e t e rm i n a l l e t t e r r .

i n a N o rs e n a m e wa s sh e d a t on c e o n E n gl i sh so i l ) .

A l fo rd fro m H al l v aro r . 1ti m f ro m B j o rn .

A l ston e fro m H al l ste i n . ( a r r fro m K a r r .

A l t fro m H j al t i ( f o i bu rn fro m K o l bj o rn
’

. .

A i rey f ro m E v arr . Co l e an d Col l e y fro m Kol l i a n d

A l ga r fro m A l f g ar . K ol l r .

A ge r f rom A l f g ar . C u rt a i n f ro m K j art an .

A rk e l l fro m A rn k e t i l l . D ay fro m D ag r .

A rn ot t f ro m A rn o o r . E agl e fro m E g i l l .

A sk e l l fro m A sk u l f r . El ga r fro m A l f g arr .

H a s ke l l from A sk u l f r . E w i n s f ro m E y v i n d .

A sk e w f ro m H o sk u l d r . E a s to n f rom E y st e i n .

A t l ay fro m A t l i . Fe a t h e r sto n e fro m F ri d e st an .

B a rt h fro m B a r r . Fre e m a n f ro m F re i mu n d r .

B e al e fro m B j ol i i . F re e s ton e fro m F re y st e i n n

B l i gh fro m B l i g r . F ro u d e f rom F ro d i .

B l y t h e f ro m B l i g r . Ga l t f ro m G al t i .

B l u n d f ro m B l u n d r . G am e l l fro m G a m e l .

B o d d y f ro m B o s i G ay e r f m G e i rr
‘

. ro .

B ow l e s fro m B Ol l i . G e e r G e r r y fro m G e i rr
. .

B ra n d f ro m B ran d r G e l l fro m G e l l i r .

B ro a d from B ro d d i . G oo d l y f ro m G u d l e i f r .

B ru c e f ro m B ru s i Goo d l ake fro m G u d l e i k r .

B u rk f ro m B o rk r . G oo d m a n from G u d m u n d r .
 BOOK O F L IF IZ O F D U R HA M M IN S TE R . 127

G o rm a n f ro m G o rmu n d r . ( ) sn 1 u n fro m A sm u n d r
d .

G oo d ri c h f ro m G u sd rek r . O s wa l d fro m A sv al d r .

G ru n d v fro m G ru n d i o r G u n d ro d . Ra v e n fro m H raf n .

( i ry me s f ro m G ri m r . R ay n e r fro m Ragn a r .

G ra i n fro m G ran i . Ra y n e fro m H ra n i .

G u e s t f ro m G e st r . Ro l f f ro m H ro l f r .

G u n n f ro m G u n n a r . R on al d from R o g n v al d r .

G u n st on e fro m G u n n st e i n n . Re y n o l d s fro m R o g n v al d r .

G u t h ri e fro m G u sro d r . S a l m o n fro m S al mu n d r .

H ak e fro m H a k i . S c h o l e y f ro m Sk u l i a so n o f E a r 1 .

H o l d an e fro m H a l fd a n . To st i g .

H a l l f ro m H al l r . S c o re y fro m Sk ari u
H a m m o n d f ro m H amu n d r . S e a wa rd fro m S i g u rd r .

H a rv e y fro m H a v a r . S mal ey fro m S m al i ( a sh e p h e rd ) .

H a s s e l fro m A sc u l f r . S m a l e fro m S mal i ( a s h e p h e rd ) .

H a l fo rd fro m H al l v ard r . S n e l l fro m S n j al l .

H e m m i n g fro m H e mmi n g r . S o l e y fro m S o l v i .

H e rm a n f ro m H e rmu n d r . S t i g g i n s fro m S t i g an d i .

H o l k e r f ro m H al l k arr . S to n e f ro m S t e i n n .

H o l y bo n d f ro m H al l bj o rn . S t on e r f ro m S t e i n arr .

H o z i e r f ro m O z z u r . S o m e rl e y f ro m S o m e rl i .

H y d e fro m H i d e . S t e e r f ro m S t y rr .

H u m p h ry fro m H o l mf ri . S t u rge s s fro m Th o rg i sl .

In c h bal d fro m In g i bal d r . S y m o n d s fro m S i g mu n d r .

I n gl e fro m In g o l f r . S w i n b u rn f ro m S v e i n bj o rn .

I n gl e d e w f ro m In g j al d r . S w ay n e fro m S v e i n .

I n gra m f ro m In g i ramr . T a i t e f ro m H ai t r .

J e k y l l fro m J o k u l l . T h o rb u rn fro m T h o rb j o rn .

_
Ie l f fro m J o l f r . T h o rl e y fro m Th o rl e i f r .

K e tt l e fro m K et i l l . Th u rk e l l f ro m T h o rk e l l .

K i d d l e fro m K e t i l l . T h o ro l d f ro m Th o rv al d r
Kn o t t N o t t f ro m K n u t r
. . T h u rs t a n fro m T h o r s t e i n n .

La m b f ro m L a m b i . To o k e t ok e fro m T o k i
. .

L e e fe L e v e r f ro m L e i f r
. . T ri gg s fro m T ryg g v i .

L o v e r fro m H l o v e r .
T ru p i n fro m Th o rfi n n
L u ard fro m L a y a rd .
U h t re d fro m U t ry g g r .

M a gn u s fro m M a gn u s . U s sh e r fro m O z z u r .

M a u l e M o l l f ro m M a u l l D an V i c k ary f ro m V i k arri
'

. . . .

M o l l o c c u r s 1209
. . from V e bj o rn .

O d g e r fro m O d d g e i r .
\V rat h . fro m R au d r .

O rm e fro m O rm r . \ Vay m a n d fro m V e mu n d r .

O sb o rn e fro m A sbj o rn .
\ Va y l a n d fro m V i g l u n d r .

O seg oo d fro m A sg au t r . fro m V i fi l l .

( N ot e : Th e Sc a n d i n av i a n acc ent s h av e n ec e ssari l v been

o m i tt e d ) .
128 S U R NA M E B O O K .

S u r n am es of th e F i f t ee n t h C en t u r y i n th e L i be r V i t ae .

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Dom in u s C h ri s top h e ru s Wy l l n . J oh an n e s B ay l ay .

Dom in u s J o h a n n e s Ca rt e l l e . T h o m a s B ay l ay .

Dom inus Ch ri s t op h e ru s H e my n \ V i l l e l mu s Fo s t e r .

b o rogh .

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p h e ru s W a rd e l l W i l l e l mu s H u c h e n so n A l y s on E d m u n d u s e t
, . .

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. . ,

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e s s o n J o h an n a R y c h ard so n J o h a n n e s R yc h ard so n Jo h n P ay rn e l l
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et K at e ry n a e t T h o m a s H e l e n a M ay re T h o m a s Co ky e t Th o s , , .
,

j u n i o r VV y l l ms e t G e n e t t Co k y T h o m B ry n t l ay
. , . .

T h e re s t o f t h e s u rn a m e s I w i l l gi v e w i th o u t t h e Ch ri s t i a n
n a m e s T h e y a re : R i c h a rd s on B e l l e W e l d o n Fe l to n P e y rso n
.
. . , ,

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. . , , , , ,

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t o n E y sd o n S t ro d e r Ca rr W y l e m B a rn e s P u l e K e n d al l H o m e
. . , . . , . ,

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 A N G L O SA XO N SU R -
NAM E S .

T h e fa m o u s a n t i q u a ri a n C a m d e n h a s t h i s to s ay ab o u t t h e a d o p
t i o n o f s u rn a m e s :
A b o u t t h e y e a r o f o u r L o rd 1000 ( t h at w e m ay n o t m i n ut e ,

o u t t h e t i m e ) s u rn a m e s b e c a m e t o b e t a ke n u p i n F ra n c e ; a n d i n
E n gl a n d ab o u t t h e t i m e o f t h e C o n q u e s t o r e l s e a v e ry l i t t l e b e fo re. ,

u n d e r K i n g E d wa rd t h e C o n fe s s o r w h o w a s a l l F re n c h i fi ed , .

T h i s w i l l s e e m s t ra n ge t o s o m e E n gl i s h m e n an d S c o t ‘

t i sh m e n w h i c he l i k e t h e A rc a d i a n s th i n k t h e i r s u rn a m e s a s a n c i e n t
, , .

a s t h e m oo n e o r a t t h e l e a s t t o re ac h m a n y a n a ge b e y on d t h e C o n
.

q u e s t B u t t h e y w h i c h t h i n k e i t m o s t s t ra n ge ( I sp e ak u n d e r c o r
.
,

re c t i on ) I d o u b t t h e y w i l l h a rd l y fi n d e a n y s u rn a m e w h i c h d e
.

s c e n d e d t o p o st e ri t y b e fo re t h at t i m e : n e i t h e r h a u e t h e y s e e n e ( I
fe a re ) an y d e e d e o r d o n at i o n b e fo re t h e C o n q u e s t b u t su bsi g n e d ,

w i t h c ro s s e s a n d s i n gl e n a m e s w i t h o u t s u rn am e s i n t h i s m an n e r :
m
,

E go E ad re d u s c o n fi r au i X E g o E d mu n d u s c o rrobo rau i X E go
. .
,
.

’
S i g ari u s c o n c l u s i X E go O l f st an u s c o n so l i d au i X e t c
.
( Lowe r s . . .

H i s t o r y p p 38
,
.

T h e A n gl o — S ax o n p e op l e a s w e h a v e s e e n w e re a b ra n c h Of
.

t h e gre a t T e u to n i c fa m i l y w h o s e h ab i t s a n d c u sto m s we re l a rge l y

p a t ri a rc h a l a n d t rib a l T h e go v e rn m e n t o f t h e p e op l e re s t e d i n a
.

t ow n c o u n c i l t h e c h i e f m e n o f t he v il l a g e g a th e ri n g t o t ak e p a rt
i n t h e ru d e l e gi s l at i o n w h i c h b e c a m e n e c e s s a r y fro m t i m e t o t i m e .

I t m u s t b e re m e m b e re d h o w e v e r t h a t t h e y w e re p a ga n i n re l i gi o n
. .
.

fi e rc e i n c o n d u c t b ru t a l i n w a r a n d w i t h t h e e xc e p t i o n o f t h e t w o
. .

s t ri k i n g v i rt u e s c o u rage a n d c o n s ta n c y— t h e y w e re a h a r s h a n d
b l oo d t h i rs t y p e op l e ; y et t h e y h a d a gre a t re ga rd fo r i n d i v i d u a l fre e

“
d o m a n d t h e i r o n l y s l av e s w e re c ap t i v e s o f w a r
,
.

S u c h a gri c u l t u ra l p u r s u i t s a s w e re c a r r i e d o n w e re i n d e p e n d e n t '

”
o f t h e go ve rn i n g o f fi c e r s E ac h th e gn o w n e d h i s o w n l a n d an d
.

t i l l e d i t w i t h t h e a i d o f h i s v i l l e i n s a n d c ott e r s T h e s e rf wa s .

u s u a l l y a c ap t i v e a n d h e o w n e d n o th i n g b u t h i s w i fe a n d c hi l d re n .

W e s h al l h av e m o re t o say c o n c e rn i n g t h e oc c u p a t i o n s o f t h e o ri g
i n al A n gl o S ax on s w h e n w e sp e a k O f t h e o u tg ro wt h i n s u rn a m e s
-
.

fo u n d i n t h e t ra d e s a n d v i l l age o c c u p a t i o n s wh i c h ga v e t h e i r n a m e s
t o t h e m e n w h o e n ga ge d i n t h e w o rk .

T h e k i n g w a s c h i e ft a i n a n d h i s ru l e w a s b y fo rc e o f a rm s rat h e r
t h a n b y b l oo d i n h e ri t an c e T h e A n gl o S axo n s h a d c o n q u e re d t h e
.
-

P i c t s a n d S c o t s a n d w e re i n c o n t i n u a l w a rfa re W i th t h e n o rt h e rn
10
130 .
SU R N A M E B O O K .

t ri b e s a s w e l l a s e n gage d i n o c c a s i on a l s t ru ggl e s W i t h th e J u t e s an d

“
D a n e s o n t h e e a s t an d s o u t h T h e l i fe Of t h e p e op l e i s fou n d i n .

th e i r n a m e s .

T h e A n gl o S axo n s w e re v e ry i n d i ff e re n t gi ve r s o f s u rn a m e s ;
-

ab o u t th e y e a r 800 w e fi n d t h e n am e s o f A et h e l w e rd St ame ran

t h e s t am m e re r ; G od w i n e D re fl an —t h e d ri v e l l e r ; t h e y m a d e l i ttl e o r
n o u s e Of s c ri p t u re n am e s J oh n T h o m a s e t c s o t h at th e i r ( gi v e n )
. . , . ,

n a m e s a re ex t re m el y n u m e ro u s wh i c h o c c a s i on s t h e m at t i m e s to ,

b e ta k e n fo r s u rn a m e s m u c h m o re so t h a n o u r s ; an d t h e y s e l d o m
,

c al l e d a so n by t h e n a m e o f h i s fa th e r a s i t c a u se d c o n fu s i o n o f ,

p e r s on s — wh i c h t h ey p a rt i c u l a rl y gu a rd e d aga i n s t b u t wh e n t h ey .

d i d d o s o t h ey gav e a n ot h e r ( a d d i t i o n a l ) n a m e p e c u l i a r t o t h e p e r
s on b e s i d e s t h a t o f d e sc e n t o r t h e s u rn a m e wh i c h C a m d e n n o t e s
, .

— as th e son of Edm un d wa s
( an d c i t e s W i l l i am o f M al m e sb u r y)
c al l e d E d mu n d i n g w h i c h w i t h u s i s c a l l e d E d m u n d son ; E d ga r
,

E d g ari n g — E d g arso n e t c — R e m p 106 ( Fi n l a y so n s S u rn am e s

’
. . .
,

a n d S i re n am e s p , .

I t wo u l d h o w e v e r b e p re p o s t e ro u s t o i m a gi n e t h at s u rn a m e s
, ,

u n i v e r s al l y p re v a i l e d s o e a rl y a s th e e l e v e n t h c e n t u ry : w e h av e
ov e rw h e l m i n g e v i d e n c e t h a t t h ey d i d n o t ; an d m u s t a d m i t th a t
a l t h o u gh th e N o rm a n c o n q u e s t d i d m u c h to i n t ro d u c e t h e p ra c t i c e
o f u s i n g t h e m i t wa s l o n g b e fo re t h e y b e c a m e v e r y c o m m o n A l l

“
.
,

I a m a n x i o u s t o e s t ab l i s h i s t h a t t h e oc c a s i o n al u s e o f s u rn am e s i n
.

E n gl a n d d a t e s b e yo n d t h e i n gre s s o f t h e N o rm an s .

S u rn am e s w e re t ak e n u p i n a v e ry gra d u a l m an n e r by t h e
g re a t ( b ot h o f S axo n a n d N o rm a n d e s c e n t ) d u ri n g t h e e l e v e n th , .

tw e l ft h a n d t h i rt e e n t h c e n t u ri e s B y th e m i d d l e o f t h e t w e l fth
,
.
,

h o we v e r i t a p p e a rs t h at t h e y w e re ( i n t h e e st i m at i o n o f so m e )
,

n e c e s s a r y ap p e n d a ge s t o fa m i l i es o f ra n k t o d i s t i n gu i s h t h e m f ro m ,

th o s e o f m e a n e r ext rac t i o n .

T h e u n s e t t l e d st a t e o f s u rn a m e s i n th o s e e a rl y t i m e s re n d e r s
i t a d i f fi c u l t m a t t e r t o t ra c e th e p e d i gre e o f a n y fa m i l y b e y o n d t h e .

”
t h i rt e e n t h c e n t u ry ( Lo we r s H i st o ri c a l E s s a y s o n E n gl i sh S u r
.
’

n am e s p p 42
, .

T h e T e u to n i c w av e o f p op u l at i o n p u r s u e d t h e K e l t i c S c a t .

t e re d gl e a m s o f th e l i gh t o f h i sto r y o c c a s i o n al l y fl a sh e d u p o n th e
Ob s c u ri t y o f t h e i r to s s i n g s t o a n d fro w h i c h a re e v e n d a rk e r t h a n ,
‘
t h e d a rk C i m m e ri a n d e s e rt w h i c h t h e y i n u n d a te d ; a n d w e a re
.
’

e n ab l e d n ot t o t rac e t h e i r p rogre s s b u t oc c a s i on al l y t o n o t e th e i r
, ,

st a n d i n g gro u n d a s fam il i a r n am e s o c c u r a m on g t h e b arb a ri a n s c on

,

t e mp t u o u sl y m e n t i on e d by G re ek s an d Ro m a n s .

‘
T h e T e u to n s w e re d i v i d e d i n t o l a rge c on fe d e ra t i o n s o f t ri b e s ,

ow n i n g on e h e ro fo re fa th e r c a l l e d by o n e g e n e ra l n a m e a n d t h e n
. ,

p a rt i n g i n to l e s s e r t ri b e s e a c h w i t h i t s o w n an c e s to r
.
.

‘
T h e c h a ra c t e r o f t h e rac e w a s l e s s fi e r y b u t m o re p e r s e v e ri n g ,

t h an t h at o f t h e Ke l t w i t h l e s s o f h e i gh t o f s t a t u re b u t w i th
, ,
132 SURNA M E B O O K .

c y c l e s o f m y t h i n w h i c h t h e T e u t o n i m a gi n a t i o n re v e l l e d a n d

“
, ,

w h i c h fo r t h e m o s t p a rt ti n d e r C h ri s t i a n i n fl u e n c e d e s c e n d e d fro m
, , ,

t h e d i v i n e t o t h e h e ro i c a n d t h e n t o t h e fa i ry t al e , .

I n t h e A n gl o S axo n ge n e al ogi e s t h a t a re a so rt o f rep re se n t a

-

,
a

t i o n o f t h e s u p p o s e d c o n n e c t i on o f t h e t ri b e s G re a t s t a n d s s ev e n
a b o v e S e ax n o t w h e re o u r o w n s t e m b ran c h e s of f ; an d h i s so n i s
,

Go d w u l f w h i c h i s s t i l l a s u rv i v i n g n am e i n N o rw a y a s G u d o l v
, ,
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d i v i n e wo l f ( H i s t o r y o f C h ri st i a n N a m e s Ch a rl ot t e Y o u n g p p
.
.
,

16 2 3 5 8 9 70—
.

- - -
73 V o l
- -

“
, .

L e t u s q u o t e a l so o f t h e h a b i t s o f t h e v a ri o u s p e op l e s w h o s e t
t l e d i n E n gl a n d f ro mV ol u m e I o f t h e sa m e h i st o r
,

.
y a s ab ov e :

T h e T e u ton i c n a m e s a re t ake n fro m t h e e l d e r b ra n c h e s O f t h e

T e u t o n l an gu age s b e fo re t h ey b e c a m e c o m m i n gl e d i n d i f fe re n t d e
,

gre e s w i t h t h e l a t e r p roge n y o f L a t i n a n d w i t h o n e a n o th e r W e , .

h e re u s e t h e wo rd T e u to n i c b e c a u s e i t i s t h e m o s t c o n v e n i e n t t e rm ,

by wh i c h t o exp re s s t h e c l a s s o f l an gu age s sp ok e n b y t h e gre a t

G e rm a n i c fa m i l y t h o u gh w e a re a wa re i t i s n o t ab sol u t e l y c o rre c t
.

a s a c l a s s a pp e l l at i o n i n c l u d i n g a l l I c el an d a n d S c a n d i n av i a u s e
-
.

t h e i r a n c i e n t to n gu e b u t s l i gh t l y a l t e re d a n d th e re may b e fo u n d
. .

t h e t ru e fo rm s a n d i n t e rp re t at i on s o f t h e gre at e r n u m b e r o f t h e
a p p e l l a t i o n s i n c o m m o n u s e Ge rm a n c o n t i n u e s t h e H i gh Ge rm a n .
,

b u t i s n o s a fe gu i d e t o t h e m e a n i n g o f n a m e s wh i c h b e l o n g t o a
m u c h e a rl i e r fo rm t h an t h a t i n wh i c h w e n o w s e e i t a n d i t h a s o n l y ,

c re a t e d a fe w m o d e rn o n e s o f i t s o w n A n gl o —S axo n e xp l a i n s m o s t .

o f i t s o w n n am e s b u t n o t re l i ab l y w i t h o u t c o m p a ri so n w i t h t h e
,

o th e r b ra n c h e s I t w a s a l an gu age k i l l e d b y t h e N o rm a n c o n q u e s t
.
.

j u s t a s t h e N o rs e o f t h e i n v a d e r s h a d b e e n p re v i o u s l y s m o t h e r ed
by t h e i r c o n q u e s t o f N e u s t ri a a n d t h e E n gl i s h w h i c h gre w u p
.
.

a m on g t h e m u s e d m o re o f t h e F ra n k n a m e s a d op t e d by t h e N o r
m a n s i n F ra n c e t h a n o f i t s o w n A n gl o — . S axo n o n e s ; a n d o n l y a ft e r
t h e Re fo rm at i o n w a s t h e re a n a t t e m p t a n d th at n o t a v e ry s u c c e s s .

fu l o n e a t th e fab ri c a t i o n o f n a t i v e E n gl i s h n a m e s F ran c e k e p t
,
.

F ra n k n a m e s a n d c l i p p e d t h e m w h i l e c e a s i n g to sp e a k F ran k i sh
, .

a n d u s i n g m i n c e d L at i n L o m b a rd y t o o U s e d t h e ol d h e ro i c n a m e s . .

o f t h e fa i r h a i re d b a rb a ri a n s e v e n w h i l e i t s sp e e c h wa s c o n st an t t o
.
-
.

t h e fl ow i n g L a t i n ; an d S p a i n h a s m u c h m o re O f t h e n o m e n c l at u re

“
.

”
th a n o f t h e t on gu e o f t h e Go t h s ( Page s 5 a n d
B a ri n g —
.

Go u l d h a s t h i s t o say :
A t C h ri s t m a s 1171 H e n r y C o u rt h o se so n o f H e n r y 11 h e l d
,
-
, . .

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. ,

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h a l l ev e r y gu e s t wh o w a s n o t n a m e d W i l l i a m a n d t h e y w e re abl e .

t o a d m i t 117 k n i gh t s o f th a t n a m e an d t h i s wa s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e .

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,
.

p op u l a r a s i n gl e n a m e h a d b e c o m e a n d h o w m e n h a d g o t t o fol l o w ,
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fol l o w i n g ext ra c t s i n G re e n s H i s to r y o f th e E n gl i s h p e op l e :
’

O f t h e t e m p e r an d l i fe o f t h e fo l k i n t h i s o l d e r E n gl an d
w e k n o w l i t t l e B u t fro m t h e gl i m p s e s t h at w e c at c h o f i t w h e n
.

c on q u e s t h a d b ro u gh t t h e m to t h e s h o re s o f B ri t a i n , t h e i r p ol i t i c a l
a n d s o c i al o rga n i z a t i o n m u s t h av e b e e n th a t o f t h e G e rm a n rac e t o
w h i c h t h ey b el o n ge d I n t h e i r v i l l age s l ay r e a d y fo rm e t h e so c i al
. d
d
a n d p o l i t i c a l l i fe w h i c h i s a ro u n u s i n t h e E n gl a n o f t o ay A d d .

b e l t o f fo re s t o r w a s t e p a rt e d e a c h fro m i t s fe l l o w v i l l age s , an d w i th -

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i n t h i s b o u n d a ry o r m a rk t h e t o w n sh i p a s t h e v i l l age w a s t h e n
,
’

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c a l l e d f ro m t h e t u n o r rou gh fe n c e an d t re n c h t h a t s e rv e d a s i t s
, ,
’

s i m p l e fo rt i fi c at i o n fo rm e d a c o m p l e t e a n d i n d e p e n d e n t b o d y
, ,

t h o u gh l i n k e d by t i e s w h i c h w e re s t re n gt h e n i n g ev e ry d ay t o t h e
t o w n s h ip s ab ou t i t a n d t h e t r i b e o f wh i c h i t fo rm e d a p a rt I t s .

s o c i a l c e n t e r w a s t h e h o m e s t e a d w h e re t h e a e th e l i n g o r e o rl a d e ,

sc e n d an t o f th e fi r s t E n gl i s h s e t tl e r s i n t h e w a st e s t i l l h a n d e d ,

d o wn t h e b l oo d a n d t ra d i t i o n s o f h i s fa th e r s A ro u n d t h i s h o m e .

s t e a d o r aet h el e a c h i n i t s l i t t l e c ro ft s t oo d t h e l ow l i e r d we l l i n g s o f
, ,

f re el i n g s o r c e o rl s m e n sp ru n g i t may b e f ro m d e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e
, , ,

e a rl i e s t s e t tl e r w h o h a d i n v a ri o u s w ay s fo rfe i t e d th e i r c l a i m t o a
sh a re i n t h e o ri gi n a l h o m e st e a d o r m o re p rob ab l y f ro m i n c o m e r s
,

i n to t h e v i l l age wh o h a d s i n c e s e t tl e d ro u n d i t an d b e e n a d m i tt e d
t o a s h a re i n t h e l a n d a n d f re e d o m o f t h e c om m u n i t y T h e e o rl w a s .

d i s t i n gu i sh e d fro m h i s fe l l o w v i l l a ge r s by h i s w e al t h an d h i s n ob l e r
-

b l o o d ; h e w a s h e l d b y t h e m i n a h e re d i t a ry re v e re n c e ; a n d i t w a s
fro m h i m a n d h i s fe l l o w aet h e l i n g s th a t h o s t l e a d e r s w h e t h e r o f -
,

t h e v i l l age o r t h e t ri b e w e re c h o s e n i n t i m e s o f w a r B u t th i s c l a i m
,
.

t o p re c e d e n c e re st e d s i m p l y o n t h e f re e re c o g n i t i on o f h i s fe l l o w
v i l l age r s W i th i n th e t ow n s h i p e v e r y fre e m a n o r e o rl w a s eq u al
. .

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t h e fre e n ec k e d m an wh o s e l o n g h a i r fl o a t e d ov e r a n e c k w h i c h h a d
‘ -
’

n e v e r b o w e d t o a l o rd H e w a s t h e we ap o n e d m an w h o al o n e
.
‘ ’

b o re s p e a r a n d s wo rd a n d wh o al o n e p re s e rv e d t h a t ri gh t o f s e l f

“
,

re d re s s o r p ri v a t e wa r w h i c h i n s u c h a s t at e o f s oc i e ty fo r m e d t h e
m a i n c h e c k u p o n l a wl e s s o u t rage .

A s th e b l oo d — b o n d gav e i t s fi r s t fo rm t o E n gl i s h j u s t i c e ,

s o i t gav e t h e i r fi rs t fo rm s t o E n gl i sh so c i e t y a n d E n gl i s h w a rfa re .

K i n s m e n fo u gh t s i d e b y s i d e i n t h e h o u r o f b at tl e a n d t h e fe e l i n g s ,

o f h o n o r a n d d i s c i p l i n e w h i c h h e l d t h e h o s t t oge t h e r w e re d raw n

fro m th e c o m mo n d u ty o f e v e ry m a n i n e ac h l i t tl e g ro u p o f w a rri o r s
t o h i s h o u se A n d a s th ey fo u gh t s i d e b y s i d e o n th e fi e l d s o th ey
: ,

d we l t s i d e by s i d e o n t h e so i l H a rl i n g ab o d e b y H a rl i n g an d
.
,
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B i l l i n g by B i l l i n g ; a n d e a c h w i c k o r h a m o r s t e a d o r t u n too k
’ ’ ’

i t s n am e f ro m t h e k i n s m e n w h o d w e l t t oge th e r i n i t I n t h i s w ay .

‘ ‘
t h e h o m e o r h a m o f t h e B i l l i n g s w a s B i l l i n g sh am a n d t h e t u n o r
’
,
’

t ow n sh i p o f th e H a rl i n g s w a s H a rl i n gto n B u t i n s u c h s e t tl e m e n t s
.

th e t i e o f b l oo d w a s w i d e n e d i n to t h e l a rge r t i e o f l an d L a n d w i th .
136 SURNAM E B OOK .

to w n s h i p by l aw s fram e d a n d h e a d m e n a n d t i th i n g m e n c h o s e n f o r
- -

i t s go v e rn an c e H e re p l o wl a n d an d m e a do wl an d w e re sh a re d i n d u e
,

l ot a m on g t h e v i l l age r s a n d fi e l d an d h o m e s t e a d p a s s e d f ro m m an to
.

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m e r w i t h fa rm e r wa s s e tt l e d ac c o rd i n g t o t h e c u s to m s o f t h e to w n
‘ ’
;

s h i p a s i t s e l d e r m e n s t a t e d t h e m an d fo u r m e n w e re h i re d t o fo l
.

l ow h e a d m e n o r e al d o rm e n t o h u n d re d — co u rt o r w a r It .

‘ ’
wa s h e re t h a t E n gl an d l e a rn e d t o b e a m o t h e r o f p a rl i a m e n t s It .

w a s i n th e s e t i n y k n o t s o f fa rm e r s t h at t h e m e n f ro m w h o m E n g
l i sh m e n w e re t o sp ri n g l e a rn e d t h e wo rt h o f p u b l i c op i n i on o f p u b ,
‘ ’
l i c d i s c u s s i o n t h e wo rt h o f t h e agre e m e n t t h e c o m m o n s e n se t h e

“
. . ,

ge n e ral c on v i c t i on t o w h i c h d i s c u s s i o n l e a d s a s o f t h e l aw s w h i c h .

d e ri v e t h e i r fo rc e f ro m b e i n g exp re s s i o n s o f th at ge n e ral c o n v i c t i o n .

S m al l th e re fo re a s i t m i gh t b e t h e to w n s h i p o r v i l l age
. .
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w a s t h e p ri m a ry a n d p e rfe c t t y p e O f E n gl i sh l i fe d o m e s t i c s oc i a l , ,

an d p o l i t i c al A l l t h a t E n gl a n d h a s b e e n s i n c e l ay t h e re
. B ut .

c h an ge s o f wh i c h w e kn o w n o th i n g h a d l o n g b e fo re t h e t i m e a t
w h i c h o u r h i s to r y op e n s grou p e d t h e s e l i t t l e c o m m o n we a l th s to
’

ge th e r i n l a rge r c om m u n i t i e s w h e t h e r we n a m e t h e m t r ib e p eop l e
. , ,

o r fol k . T h e fo l k m oo t w a s i n fa c t t h e w a r — host th e ,

ga t h e ri n g of e v e r y fre e m an o f th e t r i b e i n a rm s T h e h e a d o f t h e .

fol k a h e a d wh i c h ex i st e d on l y s o l o n g a s wa r we n t o n w a s t h e
'

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l e ad e r w h o m t h e h o s t c h o s e to c o m m an d i t I t s w i t e n a ge m o t e o r .

’
m e e t i n g o f w i s e m e n w a s t h e h o s t s c o u n c i l o f wa r t h e ga th e ri n g ,

o f t h o s e e a l d o rm e n w h o h a d b ro u gh t t h e m e n o f t h e v i l l age s t o t h e
fi e l d T h e h o s t wa s fo rm e d by l e v i e s f ro m th e v a ri o u s d i s t ri c t s o f

“
.

‘
th e t ri b e ; t h e l a rge r o f w h i c h p rob ab l y o w e d t h e i r n a m e o f h u n
’
d re d s t o th e h u n d re d wa rr i o r s e a c h o ri gi n a l l y s e n t t o i t .

Th e m i l i t a r y o rga n i z a t i o n of t h e t ri b e th u s gav e f ro m t h e
fi r s t i t s fo rm t o th e c i vi l o rga n i z at i o n B u t th e p e c u l i a r sh ap e
.

w h i c h i t s c i v i l o rga n i z a t i o n a s s u m e d w a s d e t e rm i n e d by a p ri n c i p l e
fa m i l i a r t o t h e G e rm an i c rac e s an d d e s t i n e d t o exe rc i s e a v a s t i n
fl u e n c e o n t h e I u t u re o f m an k i n d T h i s w a s t h e p ri n c i p l e o f re p re
.

se n t at i o n T h e fo u r o r t e n v i l l age r s w h o fol l o w e d th e re e v e o f e ac h
.

to wn sh i p t o t h e ge n e ral m u s te r o f t h e h u n d re d w e re h e l d t o rep re
s e n t th e wh o l e b o d y o f th e t o w n s h ip fro m w h e n c e t h e y c a m e .

T h e i r v o i c e wa s i t s v o i c e th e i r d o i n g i t s d o i n g t h e i r p l e d ge i t s
. ,

p l e d ge . T h e h u n d red m o o t a m oo t wh i c h w a s m a d e by t h i s ga th
~
.

e ri n g o f t h e re p re s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e t ow n s h ip s th a t l ay w i th i n i t s
bo u n d s t h u s b e c am e a t o n c e a c o u rt o f ap p e a l f ro m t h e m oo t s of
,

e a c h s e p a ra t e v i l l a ge a s w e l l a s o f a rb i t ra t i o n i n d i s p u t e b e tw e e n
tow n sh i p a n d to w n sh i p T h e j u dgm e n t o f grav e r c ri m e s a n d o f
.

l i fe o r d e at h fe l l t o i t s sh a re ; w h i l e i t n e c e s s a ri l y p o s s e s s e d t h e s a m e
ri gh t o f l a w m a k i n g fo r t h e h u n d re d th at th e v i l l age m oo t p o s
s e s s e d f o r e a c h s e p a rat e v i l l age A n d a s h u n d re d m o o t s too d ab ov e
.

to w n m o ot t h e ge n e ral m u s te r o f t h e p e op l e i n a rm s w a s a t o n c e
-

, ,

w a r h o s t a n d h i gh e s t l a w c o u rt an d ge n e ral p a rl i a m e n t o f t h e t ri b e
- -
.
 A N G LO SA X O N SU RNA M ES -
. 137

B u t wh e t h e r fo l k m o o t o r h u n dre d m oo t t h e p ri n c i p l e o f re p re se n
-
.

t at i o n w a s p re s e rv e d 111 b ot h t h e c o n s t i t u t i on a l fo rm s t h e fo rm s
.
,

of d e l i b e ra t i o n a n d d e c i s i o n w e re t h e s a m e I n e a c h t h e p ri e s t s .

p ro c l a i m e d s i l e n c e t h e e al d o rm e n o f h i gh e r b l oo d s p ok e gro u p s
. ,

o f fre e m e n fro m e a c h t o wn s h i p st oo d ro u n d s h ak i n g th e i r sp e a r s .

i n a s s e n t c l a s h i n ag s h i e l d s i n ap p l a u s e se tt l i n g m a t t e r s i n t h e e n d
. .

‘ ‘
bv l o u d s h o u t s o f A y e o r N ay
’
.

T h e y w e re fi e rc e w a rri o r s b u t t h e y w e re al s o .

b u sy fi s h e rs a n d t i l l e r s o f th e s o i l a s p ro u d o f t h e i r sk i l l i n h a n d l i n g .

p l o w a n d m at t o c k o r st e e ri n g th e ru d e b oa t w i t h w h i c h t h ey
h u n t e d w al ru s a n d w h a l e a s o f th e i r sk i l l i n h a n d l i n g s wo r d a n d
spear . T h e y w e r e h a rd d ri n k e r s n o d o u b t a s t h e y w e re h a rd .
,
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to i l e r s a n d t h e a l e fe a s t w a s t h e c e n te r o f t h e i r so c i a l l i fe B u t
,
-
’
.

c o a r s e a s th e re v e l m i gh t s e e m t o m o d e rn e y e s t h e s c e n e w i t h i n th e
t i m b e re d h a l l wh i c h ro s e i n t h e m i d s t o f t h e i r v i l l age s wa s o ft e n
H o m e ri c i n i t s s i m p l i c i t y a n d d i gn i t y Q u e e n o r e o rl s w i f e w i t h a .
’

t ra i n o f m a i d e n s b o re al e b o w l o r m e a d b ow l ro u n d t h e h al l fro m
- -

t h e h i gh s e t t l e o f k i n g o r e al d o rm a n i n t h e mi d s t to t h e m e a d
b e n c h e s ran ge d a ro u n d i t s wa l l s w h i l e t h e gl e e m a n o r b a r d sa n g .

th e h e ro s on g s o f h i s ra c e D re s s a n d a rm s s h o we d t ra c e s o f a l o v e
-
.

of a rt a n d b e a u t y n o n e t h e l e s s re a l i n t h at i t wa s r ud e a n d i n c o m
,

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.
t s p ro v e d i n t h.e i r .

w o rk m a n s h i p t h e d e ft n e s s o f t h e go l d s m i t h s a rt C l o ak s w e re ’
.

o ft e n fa s t e n e d w i t h go l d e n b u c k l e s of c u ri o u s a n d e x q u i s i t e fo rm
“
s e t so m e t i m e s w i t h ro u gh j e w e l s a n d i n l a i d w i t h e n a m e l The .
,

b ro n z e b oa r c re s t o n t h e w a rri o r s h e ml e t t h e i n t r i c at e a d o rn m e n t ’

“
-

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o f th e w a rri o r s s h i e l d t e l l al i k e t h e h o n o r i n w h i c h t h e s m i t h w a s
.

h e l d i n t h e i r t a l e o f i n d u s t ri a l a rt .

Th e rel igi on o f th e se m en wa s th e same a s th at o f th e

re s t o f t h e G e rm a n p e op l e s C h ri s t i a n i ty h a d by t h i s t i m e b ro u gh t
.

ab o u t t h e c o n v e r s i o n o f t h e Ro m a n E m p i re b u t i t h a d n o t p e n e .

t rat e d a s y e t a m o n g th e fo re s t s o f t h e n o rth T h e c o m m o n g od o f .

t h e E n gl i s h p e op l e w a s V Vo d e n t h e w a r — god t h e gu a rd i a n o f w ay s
, .

a n d b o u n d a ri e s t o w h o m h i s w o r s h i p e rs at t ri b u t e d t h e i n v e n t i o n
,

o f l e t t e r s a n d w h o m e v e r y t ri b e h e l d t o b e t h e fi rs t a n c e s to r o f i t s
,

k i n g s O u r o w n n a m e s fo r t h e d ay s o f t h e w e e k s t i l l re c al l t o u s
.

t h e go d s w h o m o u r fat h e r s wo r s h i p e d i n t h e i r G e rm a n h o m e l a n d .

\ V e d n e s d a y i s W o d e n s —
d ay a s T h u r s d a y i s t h e d ay o f T h u n d e r
’
.

th e go d o f a i r a n d s t o rm an d ra i n F ri d ay i s F rae s—d ay t h e d e i ty .
’

o f p e a c e an d j oy an d fru i t fu l n e s s w h o s e e m b l e m s b o rn e al o ft by . .

d a n c i n g m a i d e n s b ro u gh t i n c re a s e t o e v e r y fi e l d an d st al l t h e y v i s i t
.
.

ed . S a t u r d a y c o m m e m o ra t e s a n ob s c u re g o d Sae t e re ; T u e s d a y t h e .

d a rk go d Ti w t o m e e t w h o m w a s d e a th E o st re t h e go d O f th e
, ,
.
.

d a wn o r o f t h e sp ri n g l e n d s h i s n a m e t o t h e C h ri s t i a n fe s t i v a l o f
.

t h e R e s u r re c t i o n B e h i n d t h e s e fl o at e d t h e d i m sh ap e s o f a n o l d e r
.

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m y th ol og y : V y rd t h e d e a t h go d d e s s wh o s e m e m o r y l i n ge re d
V
.
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.

l o n g i n t h e W e i r d o f n o rt h e rn s u p e r s t i t i o n ; o r t h e S h i e l d M a i d e n s
‘ ’
-
.
 38 SURNAM E BO OK .

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t h e m i gh t y wo m e n w h o a n o l d rh y m e t e l l s u s w ro ugh t o n t h e
’

, ,
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-
N e a re r t o .

th e p op u l a r fan c y l ay d e i t i e s o f w oo d a n d fe l l o r h e ro g o d s o f l e ge n d -

a n d s on g ; N i c o r t h e w a t e r sp ri t e w h o s u rv i v e s i n o u r n ix i e s o f
,
-

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O l d N i c k VV e l an d t h e fo rge r o f th e w e i gh t y sh i e l d s a n d sh a rp
.

b i t i n g s wo rd s w h o fo u n d a l a t e r h o m e i n t h e W e yl an d s
,
’

s m i t h y o f B e rk s h i re ; E gi l t h e h e ro —a rc h e r w h o s e l e ge n d i s o n e
, ,

w i t h t h a t o f C l o u d e sl y o r T e l l A n at u re wo r s h i p o f t h i s s o rt l e n t .
-

i t s e l f i l l t o t h e p u rp o s e s o f a p ri e st h oo d ; a n d th o u gh a p ri e s t l y c l a s s
ex i s te d i t s e e m s a t n o t i m e t o h av e h a d m u c h w e i gh t a m on g E n g
l i sh m e n . A s e a c h fre e m a n w a s h i s o wn j u d ge a n d h i s o w n l aw
m a ke r so h e w a s h i s o wn h o u se p ri e st ; a n d E n gl i s h wo r sh i p l ay
,

c o m m o n l y i n t h e s a c ri fi c e w h i c h t h e h o u s e fa t h e r o f f e re d t o t h e -

go d s o f h i s h e a rth .

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S
. , ,

l i k e a l l su c h p e op l e s t h e n a m e w a s gi v e n b e c a u s e o f s o m e b o d i l y
.

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b l e m i s h o r p e rfe c t i on so m e c o n d i t i o n o f t h e p a re n t s m i n d w h e n
, ,

t h e c h i l d wa s b o rn o r b e c a u s e o f so m e w h i m o r i m p u l s e w h i c h a c
’

t u at e d th e p a re n t s o r gu a rd i a n i n g i v i n g t h e n a m e I n e v e ry i n

“
.

t e l l i g e n t c o m m u n i t y th e gi v i n g o f th e n a m e al w ay s h a d b e e n r e
ga rd e d a s a s o l e m n i t y o ft e n ac c om p an i e d w i th a re l i g i o u s ri t e
'

.
,

P e r son al n a m e s l a t e r c al l e d Ch ri s t i a n n a m e s — th o s e s i m p l e i n
.

d i v i d u a l n am e s w h i c h w e re gi v e n b y t h e S axo n s t o t h e i r c h i l d re n ,

we re b u t fo r th e l i fe o f h i m t o w h o m t h e y w e re a t t a c h e d — t h e y d i e d
'

wi t h h i m a n d we re n o t p a s se d o n t o h i s d e s c e n d an t s T h e S axon s .

kn e w n o th i n g o f s u rn a m e s a s s u c h M a n y S axo n n a m e s b e c am e .

m ol d e d i n t o s u rn a m e s a ft e r \ V i l l i am th e Co n q u e ro r i n t ro d u c e d t h e
fo u n d a t i o n h ab i t o f m a k i n g s u rn a m e s S u c h n a m e s a s H a rol d .
,

E t h e l re d a E d i t h an d E rm e n t ru d e a re a l l S axo n n a m e s O sbe rn
.
'
.
,

wh i c h c a m e ov e r f ro m J u t e l an d J al f J u i n o r J u i n g w h i c h w a s th e .
, ,
’
No rm a n s c ri b e s sp e l l i n g o f Y o u n g we re c o m m o n i n t h o s e d ay s . .

Gam e l m e an i n g s e n i o r w a s t h e fa th e r A y l w a r d A l ru i c L eo f w i n
, , .
. , ,

F i n n m e a n i n g D a n e ; S y w ard T h o rl o g To v i e U l w ard c o r ru p t e d
, , . , ,

l a t e r i n to an d D o l fi n T h e s e a re s o m e o f t h e n a m e s w h i c h .

w e re gi v e n b y t h e A n gl o S axo n s Ch i l d e w a s o ft e n g i v e n t o t h e
-
.

y o u n g e s t m e m b e r o f t h e fa m i l y b u t t h e A n g l o S axo n s h a d n o
- -

kn o w n s u rn a m e s w h a t e v e r ex c e p t i n th e w ay o f a d d e d n i c k n a m e s
o r s ob ri q u e t s T h e re w a s H a rol d t h e U n re a d y O sbe rn th e R e d

“
.
, ,

s i gn i f y i n g t h e c o l o r o f h i s h a i r a n d E ri c t h e B l ac k o r B l a c k E ri c . , ,

m e an i n g th e e y e s a n d h a i r c ol o r O f t h e p o s se s so r .
.

A m on g th e A n gl e s S axon s T e u to n s o f G e rm an y a n d S c an
. , .

d i n av i an s a n al m o s t u n l i m i t e d v a ri e t y o f p e r s on a l n a m e s e x i s t e d
, .

T h e s e c o u l d b e fo u n d w i t h fa c i l i t y by c o m b i n a t i on s i n w h i c h t h e ,

d e s i gn at i on s o f go d s b e a st s a n d b i rd s e v e n o f i n a n i m at e o b j e c t s
. . , ,

c o u l d b e m a d e u s e o f w i t h exp l e t i v e s a d d e d . .

Th e d e i t i e s fro m wh o m th e y d re w t h e i r o ri gi n wh o re i gn e d .

in al h al l a a n d ru l e d t h e c o u r se o f e v e n t s
. we re t h e A e s i r t h e ,
,
140 SURNAM E B OO K .

A re g ri m p rop e rl y A r n E l dil l e ( D ev ) .

gri m . E l s i j i l l i n g e ( N o tt s ) , a n a t iv e of

A sc h i l bar ( L i n c s ) J u t l an d . .

A se l o c ( N ot t s ) Epy ( B uck s) . .

A n t i ( s e v e ra l c o u n t i e s ) E rg ri m ( H e re f ) .

A z o r ( s e v e ral c o u n t i e s ) E sbe r b i ga ( K e n t ) p rop e rl y O s .

,

B a c o ( L i n e s) b e rn . .

B a r ( Yo rk s S u f f M i d d x N o rf ) E u re w ac re ( D e c )
,
.
,
.
, . .

a l so B e r ( Y o rk s ) P e l a ga ( E s s ) . .

B a s i n ( Yo rk s ) F o t ( Ch e sh Kent) .
,
.

B i ga ( S u s s ) . Fu g l o ( B e d s ) .

B i l ( Gl ou c ) . G a m ( Yo rk s ) G a m e ( L e i c s ,

B oda ( H ant s) B ode ( W il t s) Yo rk s ) G a m e l ( i n v a ri o u s

, , .

Bodu s ( E ss ) coun tie s) . .

B ou B u ( Yo rk s ) B o u i G am e l c arl ( Yo rk s ) G ami l bar , , ,

( s e v e ra l c o u n t i e s ) G u m e l ba r G a m i l t o rf ( Yo rk s ) .
. .

B ri c sto w a rd ( S o m e r s ) G e t h n e ( S al op ) . .

B ri c t u ar B u b b a ( S u f f ) G i l e p at ri c ( Yo rk s ) . .

B ri h t u o l d ( S u f f ) G l ti n i e r ( Y o rk s ) .

B u n d a B o n d e B o n d h B u n d i Go d tov i
. . ,

B o n d o e t c ( i n v a ri o u s c o u n G o l e at h e g n ( D e v )
. . .

ties) . G ol d ( Ca m b s ) .

C aflo ( S o m e r s ) Go l n i l ( B u c k s )
. .

C av a Cav e C av o C av u s ( S u s s ) G o s ( H u n t s )
'

. . , , . .

C e l c o tt ( S u f f ) G ri bo l ( L i n e s)
. .

C h e t e be r ( Y o rk s ) C h e t e l be r G ri mu l f ( W a rw ) , .

( L i n c s an d se v e ra l ot h e r c o u n H al t o r H e l to r ( Y o rk s )
, , .

ties) . Huna Hunus Hune ,

C h e t e l be rn ( N ot t s L i n c s ( Yo rk s ) H u n i H u n i c H u n n i , . . .
, ,

p ro p e rl y K et i l bj orn H u n n e t e t c ( S al op ) .
, . .

Clac ( Linc s) J a l f ( L i n e s)
. .

Col ( L i n e s) Co l a C o l e Ia u l ( Co rn w )
. .

( Su ss D e rb ) ,
Co l l e Dev Juin Juing , , .

C ol o ( m a n y c o u n t i e s ) Co ol e
.
( Yo u n g ) , .

( Wilts) . K e e ( No rf ) .

Co u t a ( S u f f ) K e t t e l be rn K e t t e l be rt ( W o re
.

) .
.

C ri n ( Yo rk s ) S e e a b o v e C h e t e be r
.
. .

Dedol ( C h e s h ) D o d a D o d e L ambe rc arl ( L i n c s ) . , , .

D o d o ( v a ri o u s c o u n t i e s ) L e sw i n c ro c ( S u ff ) . .

D o n D on e D o n n e Do n n u s e t c L e w ri c c o c c u s ( S u f f )
, . .
,
.
.

( v a ri o u s c o u n t i e s )
. L e w i s c al v u s ( S u f f ) .
.

E d l o u ed i e f ( D e v ) L u re ( S u f f ) . .

E d me r ( H e rt s M i d d x B u c k s M ab a n ( Yo rk s ) , .
, , .

D ev ) . M an n i u s s we r f M agn o
E d ri c ( i n n u m e ro u s c o u n t i e s ) S u e rt ( S u r r ) .

E d w i n ( L e i c s H e re f ) M o i t h ar ( N o r f )
. .
.

E d wa r d w i t ( B e d s ) O f f a ( S u n S ti f f ) .
, .
 A N G LO SA X O N SU RNA M E S -
.
141

O s b e rt S t a i n ( Yo rk s )
M asc u l u s ( S u f f ) .
.

O sl ac al b u s ( N o rt h a n t s ) S t an k e r ( S u f f )

“
.
.

Ph i n ( S uf f P h i n d ao.
u s
,
S t e r S t e r r S t e r re S t u r S t ru i
, , , ,

Pin p rop e rly ( m an y counti e s) .

Finn dacu s s i gn i fi e s t h e S u art c o l ( Yo rk s ) .

D ane .
S w e n u s S ti art a Dane .

T 1
"

Ra m ( Y o rk s) R a m ec h i l T h o l i 0 1 1 0 1
, T hol e , , ,

i ou s cou nti e s)
.

R o c ( W i l t s ) a N o rm a n L e R o u x (
,
v a r ,
.
.

R o z o ( W i l t s ) a N o rm a n L e R o u x Th o r ( N o rt h a n t s ) To r ( Yo rk s
, , , ,

S al o man ( Y o rk s ) L i n c s N o rf ) . ,
.

S al p u s ( S u f f ) T o .
u T o u l T o v 1 T o w i ( v a r i ous
, , ,

Sbe rn ( m a n y c o u n t i e s ) s h o u l d countie s) ,
.

b e O sbe rn Tu rl o g a ( Y o rk s ) p rop e rl y T h o r
. ,
”
S c h e i t S c e t t ( N o rf )
,
l aug .
.

Sc o tc o ( l Y o rk s ) U l w a r d W i t (.
D o r s ) .

S e i a r S e i ard b a r ( N o r f U n f ac ( N o t t s ) .
,
.

W a d e l ( Ke n t D e rb Co rn w al l ) ;
,

S i w af d B a r ( Yo rk s L i n c s )
’

, ,

W ad h e l
.

W ad e l s
, ,

S i w a rd b a rn fo r B j o rn ( W a rw
W
,
.
, ,

N o rf L i n e s) . ( Co rn w a
.
l l ) a d e l o ,
,

S e s s i ( S a l op ) W e l p ( Y o rk s )
.
.

S i n d i ( Y o rk s ) W i l eg ri p ( S u f f S al op )
. .
,

S n el l i n c ( C a m b s ) W i t ( a s a s u rn a m e r ep e at e d ly i n
.

Snode Snot ( D ev ) .
m a n y CO u n t i e s )
.

So l ( H e re f )
W ard L e v e t ( B e d s )
.

S p i ri t e s a n d S p i rt e s ( m a n y c o u n l w .

t i e s ) S p e rt ( Y o rk s)
,
W ard ro u ( D e rb ) .
.

Th e H ou se of H an ov e r , —9 4 1 76 0 1 1

G e org e III . C h ar l ot t e of M kl b S l i
ec en u rg - t re tz

—
.

—fi
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.

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G eorg e IV
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. .

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A d of
of ga
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. . . . . . . .
‘
1 Wi t h ou t 1 Wi t h ou t l
‘’
1 82 7 . 1 1 82 0 ber a n d ; k bri d g e
’

H
i ssu e. i ssu e . . .

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1 1 850
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. of a n ov er . .

1 837 1 85 1 -
.

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Al bert of Vi c tori a,
1 83 7 —9 1 0 1.
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m G er m d Ed of m
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. .
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man E u '
m A1e xan d ra d of i n bu rg h is of C on ba n y e n ry of
H
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H l
aror. . . esse . , . .

1 90 1 . D en mark .
11 878 . as d . o st ei n . berg .

of Saxe
C obu rg
G oth a .

Ji t I I l 1
l
A bert or, G e org e V L o u i se V i c tori a M au d
l lD
c . , . .

d of C ma d of m C h a r es
M
. aren c e , ioi o . .
,

11 892 . m . ary of Te c k . Fi f e .
pr . of en
mark .
 P L A C E O R L O CAL N A M E S .

I t i s n Ot s u rp ri s i n g t h a t m an y p e op l e al l o v e r E u rop e a d op te d

“
th e e a s y c u s to m of s u rn a m i n g t h e m s e l v e s a ft e r e s t a t e s o r fa rm s o r

“
, ,

to w n s o r an y d we l l i n g p l a c e w h e re t h e y re s i d e d p e rm a n e n t l y T h e
,
.

”
F re n c h m a n re t a i n s t o t h i s d ay t h e l i t t l e p re p o s i t i o n d e w h i c h
,
”
m e an s o f a t t ac h e d t o h i s s u rn a m e a n d e v e n t o h i s t i t l e Fo r i n ,
.

s t an c e D A rc y a n d D e V e sc i a re s t i l l fa m o u s F re n c h n a m e s D e
,
’
.

Ru d e v i l l e i s a n ot h e r D e P o m e ro y i s s t i l l a n o th e r n a m e w h i c h w a s
.

t ra n s p l a n t e d t o E n gl a n d T h e s e n a m e s s i m p l y m e a n t t h a t W i l l i a m
.

D e P o me ro y o r J o h n D A rc y o n c e l i v e d o r o w n e d e s t a t e s w h i c h b o re
’

th e n a m e A rc y a n d P o m e roy .

I n E n gl a n d a m a n w h o l i v e d n e a r a w o o d e d v al l e y o r d e a n
wo u l d b e sp ok e n of a s J oh n o f D e a n o r J o h n A t t e D e n e fo r i n st a n c e , .

I f h e l i v e d n e a r a c h u rc h h e m i gh t b e c al l e d J oh n o f E c c l e s If 11 e .

wa s a t ol l ga t e k e e p e r h e m i gh t b e c al l e d G at e s o r Y at e s t h e G at e
-

k e e p e r O n t h e ot h e r h a n d i f h e l i v e d n e a r a h i l l o r b o u n d a r y h e
.
,

m i gh t b e c al l e d Ly n c h t h e A n gl o —S axo n sp e l l i n g o f w h i c h w a s

“
,

H l inch .

M r L o w e r i n h i s bo o k ab o u t s u rn a m e s t e l l s u s :
.
, ,

T h e S axo n s an d A n gl e s c a l l e d p l a c e s a ft e r t h e i r n a m e s W i gh t . .

‘ ‘
i n h i s H i s t o ry o f L u d l o w s a y s : M a n y o f t h e n a m e s o f p l a c e s o f
.
’
,

wh i c h t h e m e a n i n g s e e m s m o s t d i f fi c u l t to exp l a i n a re c o m p o u n d e d ,

of t h o s e o f A n gl o —S axo n p o s s e s s o r s o r c u l t i v at o r s a n d t h e o ri gi n a l ,

form s o f s u c h w o rd s a r e re a d i l y d i s c ov e re d by a re fe re n c e t o D o m e s
d ay B o ok . N a m e s o f p l a c e s h av i n g i n g i n t h e m i d d l e
‘ ’

a re ge n e ra l l y fo rm e d f ro m p at ro n y m i c s w h i c h i n A n gl o S axo n h a d ,
-

th i s t e rm i n at i o n T h u s a so n o f A l fre d w a s ZE l f re d i n g ; h i s d e
.

sc e n d an t s i n ge n e ra l w e re ZE l f re d i n g s or ZE l f re d i n g a s These .

‘ ‘ ’ ’
p a t ro n y m i c s a re ge n e ra l l y c o m p o u n d e d w i t h h a m t u n e t c ; a n d , , .

wh e n e v e r w e c a n fi n d t h e n a m e of a p l a c e i n p u r e S axo n d o c u m e n t s ,

we h av e t h e p a t ro n y m i c i n t h e ge n i t i v e c a s e p l u ra l T h u s B i rmi n g .
,

h a m w a s B oe rm — i n ge —h am t h e h o m e o r re s i d e n c e o f t h e so n s a n d
'

“
d e s c e n d a n t s o f B o e rm .

\ V i d t so e s ay s :
‘
I n h i s d e l i gh t fu l o l d t i m e t a l e T h e H o u s e o f th e VV o l fi n g s
-

,
’
.

‘
W i l l i a m M o rr i s t e l l s o f a fo re s t c l e a ri n g o n t h e b a n k s o f t h e M i rk
woo d w at e r A b ov e a n d b e l ow t h i s c l e a ri n g i n th e w oo d we re ot h e r
.

two c l e a ri n g s l i k e t o i t T h e y w e re n a m e d re sp e c t i v e l y M i d m a rk
.
-
.

Up p e r m a rk a n d N e t h e r m a rk a n d t h e Ol d t i m e fo l k w h o l i v e d t h e re
- -
.
-

we re c a l l e d t h e M a rk m e n N o w a v i l l age b u i l t n e a r t o t h e Ol ea r
-
.
’

i n g o r i n i t w o u l d h av e b e e n c al l e d w i t ho u t d o u b t t h e M a rk v i l l age
, , ,
-
.
144 S U R NA M E B O O K .

“
m i gh t b e a s g re a t a s t h e n u m b e r o f p o s s ib l e c o m b i n at i o n s o f p re p o
si t i o n s a n d ge og rap h i c a l s i t u at i o n s .

F ro m t h e p rep o s i t i on a l na m e p h ra s e s t h e re h av e a r i s e n a n u m -

b e r o f fam i l y n a m e s w o rt h y of s p e c i a l a t te n t i on A s t h e Fre n c h .

‘
u s e d d e l a ( of t h e ) i n s u c h a n a m e a s Jo h n d e 13 B r0 k 6 so t h e
’
1
,
‘ ’
A n gl o S axon s u se d t h e p a rt i c l e s a t t h e
-
To t h e m t h e n t h e m a n .
, ,
‘
m i gh t b e kn o w n a s J oh n a t t h e B roo k B u t a t t h e be c a m e c o n .
’

‘ ’
t ra c t e d soo n t o at t e a n d t h e m a n b e c a m e kn o w n a s J o h n a t te
,
‘
B roo k . T h i s fo rm w a s s t i l l t o o l o n g h o w ev e r s o a t t e b e c a m e , ,
’

‘ ’
c o n t rac te d t o a t a n d J o h n b e c a m e kn o w n a s J o h n a t B roo k
,
‘
( A t bro o k )
’
. T h e n t h e t o f t h e re m a i n i n g p a rt i c l e wa s d rop p e d
a n d t h e n a m e b e c a m e J oh n a B roo k T h e wo rk o f c o n t rac t i o n h a v .

‘
i n g gon e s o fa r i t b e c am e e a sy t o d ro p t h e p a rt i c l e a l toge t h e r T h e n
, .

ap p e a re d t h e m o d e rn fo rm J o h n B roo k I n b ri e f t h e n t h e h i s to r y .

“
, ,

o f t h e n am e ma
y be shown thu s : J o h n a t t h e B roo k J oh n a tt e ,

B r o ok J oh n at B r o ok J oh n a B roo k J oh n B rook
, , ,
'

I n l i k e m a n n e r h av e b e e n d e ri v e d s u c h n a m e s a s t h e s e : W i l l i a m

“
at t h e W oo d W i l l i a m a t t e W oo d W i l l i a m a t W oo d W i l l i a m a
, , ,

W oo d W i l l i a m W o o d
, .

O r aga i n : J o s e p h a t t h e W e l l J o s e p h a t t e W e l l J o s e p h a t , ,

W e l l J o s ep h a W e l l J o s e p h W e l l
, ,
.

“
O r aga i n : T h o m a s a t th e B e c k e t ( l i t tl e s t re a m ) T ho m a s at t e ,

B e c ke t T h o m a s a t B e c ke t T h om a s a B e c ke t T h o m a s B e c k e t
, , , .

A n d s o w e m i gh t c on t i n u e m u l t i p l y i n g e xa m p l e s i n d e fi n i t e l y ,

e m p l o y i n g s u c h n a m e s a s R i d ge F i e l d H i l l W at e r C l i f f H o u s e , , , ,

“
, ,

S e a S h o re W ay P i k e an d s o fo rth
, , , I n e v e ry c a s e t h e s t e p s i n t h e
,
.
,

d e v e l op m e n t o f t h e n a m e w o u l d b e th e s a m e .

I t w i l l b e ob s e rv e d h o we v e r t h a t w h i l e th e o u t c om e o f su c h a
'

, ,

n a m e d ev e l op m e n t i s a l wa y s t h e s i m p l e o ri gi n a l p l a c e wo rd w i th o ut -

t h e p re p o s i t i on n o t a l l n a m e s o f t h i s k i n d h a v e d e v e l op e d t o t h e
,

e n d O n t h e c o n t ra r y m a n y — v e r y m a n y — n a m e s h av e c e a s e d t o
.

‘ — ’
s i m p l i f y w h e n th e y h av e re ac h e d t h e at s t age T h u s t h e re re .

m a i n i n t h e m o d e rn re gi s t e r s s i d e b y s i d e w i t h th e fu l l y s i m p l i fi e d
,

fo rm s s u c h n a m e s a s A t woo d A t w el l A t ri d g e A t fi e l d A t h i l l A t
, , , , , ,

w a te r A t c l i f f e A t h o u se A t se a A t sh o re A t w ay A tpi k e A t bro Ok
, , , .
, , , ,

a n d m an y ot h e r s A n d t h e s e n a m e s i n b o t h t h e s i m p l e a n d th e
.
,

c o m p o u n d fo rm s a re o ft e n fu rt h e r v a ri e d b y p a rt i c u l a rs o f s p e l l i n g
,
.

‘
O n e o t h e r d e v e l op m e n t fro m t h e p a rt i c l e s a t t h e s e e m s ’

wo rth y o f sp e c i al c on s i d e ra t i on T h e m e d i e v a l fo l k h ad i t ap p e a r s .
, ,

a n e a r f or e u p h o ny W h e n t h e d e s c rip t i v e n a m e a d op t e d b e ga n
.

‘ ‘ ’
w i t h a v ow e l t h e y a d d e d a n n t o t h e s i m p l i fi e d fo rm at t e
,
’

m e re l y f o r t h e sa k e o f t h e b e tt e r s o u n d N o w b y a k i n d o f p ro st h e . .

‘ ’
s i s o r p re fi x i n g o f a l e t t e r t o t h e b e gi n n i n g o f a wo o d t h i s n c a m e
i n t i m e t o b e l oo k e d u p o n a s a p ar t o f th e o ri gi n al p l ac e —
, ,

wo rd a n d ,

t h u s wa s d e ri v e d a n e w s u rn a m e R i c h a rd f o r e xam p l e l i v e d n e a r .
, ,
 P LA C E OR L O CA L N A M E S . 145

a c l u m p o f o ak t re e s H e b e c a m e kn o wn a s R i c h a rd a t t h e O ak s ;
-
.

t h e n R i c h a rd a t t e O a k s B u t t h e l at t e r fo rm w a s n o t e u p h o n i o u s . .

H e w a s c a l l e d t h e re fo re R i c h a rd a tt e n O ak s N o w by p ro sth e s i s
, , .
, ,

t h e 11 b e c a m e p re fi xe d t o O a k s a n d R i c h a rd b e c a m e k n o wn i n
‘ ’
,

t i m e a s R i c h a r d N o ak e s o r N o k e s I n l i ke m a n n e r h av e b e e n d e . .

ri v e d s u c h c o m m o n n a m e s a s N a s h N a l d e r N o rc h ard N al l ( a tt e n , , ,

“
,

H a l l ) a n d m a n y o t h e r s T h e s e t oo m ay b e fou n d i n m o d e rn re g
,
. . .

i st e rs s i d e by s i d e w i t h o t h e r fo rm s .

‘ ’
B e s i d e s a t o t h e r p re p o s i t i o n s a l so we re u s e d i n t h e m ak i n g
.

—
o f n a m e p h ra s e s P e rh ap s t h e m o s t i m p o rta n t o f t h e m i s by
.
‘
.
’

c o m b i n at i o n s o f w h i c h m ay s t i l l b e fo u n d i n m o d e rn re gi st e r s T h e re .

o c c u r f re q u e n t l y t h e c o m m o n n a m e s B y wa t e r B y woo d B y th e way . . ,

B y g at e s o r B y a tt s an d so fo rt h
,
T h e s e a re a l l c o n t rac t i o n s o f s u c h
, .

n a m e p h ra s e s a s B y th e wa t e r ; B y —
-
t h e—woo d ; a n d B y t h e gat e
- - - -
.

“
O th e r p re p o s i t i o n s l i k e ab ov e u n d e r i n a n d t o h av e ra re l y i f e v e r
.
, , , ,

b e e n p re s e rv e d i n m o d e rn n a m e f o rm s -
.

B u t t h e u s e o f p rep o s i t i o n a l d e sc ri p t i 1 e p h ra s e s w a s n o t t h e
o n l y m e t h o d b y w h i c h m e n s o ug h t fo r i n d i v i d u al i t y d u ri n g t h e
n a m e fo rm i n g p e ri o d
-
I n s t e a d of p re p o s i t i o n s o r p re fi x e s t h e y
.
,

a d d e d o ft e n a p a rt i c l e to t h e p l a c e — n a m e — a p a rt i c l e t h a t s h o u l d
e q u a l l y w e l l s i gn i f y r e s i d e n c e T h e m o s t c o m m o n s u f fixe s u s e d .

‘ ’‘ ’
w e re e r a n d m a n T h u s i f o n e d we l t i n th e fi e l d o r i n th e
.
,

m e a d o w s h e b e c a m e k n o w n a s F i e l d e r or F i el d m a n O n e wh o
, ,
‘
.

l i v e d n e a r a b ri d ge b e c a m e k n o w n a s B ri d ge r o r B ri d gm a n O n e
, ,
.

w h o h a d h i s a b o d e n e a r a w e l l b e c a m e k n o w n a s \Ve l l e r o r \Ve l l , ,

m a n O n e w h o s e h o u s e w a s m a rk e d b y a gro v e o f b e e c h e s b e c a m e
.
,

k n o w n a s B e e c h e r o r B e e c l 1 m an A n d s o w e re fo rm e d a c o u n t l e s s
. .

n u m b e r o f n a m e s T h e p re s e n c e o f a c h u rc h n e a r o n e d we l l i n g
.

p l a c e m i gh t d i s t i n gu i s h o n e a s C h u rc h e r o r C h u rc h m a n ; o r a s i n
, . .

t h e n o rt h o f E n gl a n d K i rk e r o r K i rk m a n O r t h e p rox i m i t y of a ,
‘
.

c ro s s m i gh t n a m e o n e a s C ro s s e r o r C ro s s m an o r C ro u c h e r o r
, . . ,

“
C ro u c h man A ga i n th e n u m b e r o f p o s s i b l e n a m e s fro m t h i s m e t h od
.
,

i s al m o s t w i t h o u t l i m i t .

A n o t h e r s u f fi x al s o c o m m o n l y u s e d d e n o t e d th e p o s i t i o n o f t h e
‘ ‘
d we l l i n g p l a c e I t w a s e n d o r h e n d
-
. Th u s o n e w h o l i v e d a t t h e ’
.
’

e n d o f t h e to w n w a s c a l l e d T o w n s e n d o r T o wn s h e n d O n e w h o . .

l i v e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e s t re e t w a s c a l l e d S t re e t se n d o r S t re e t sh e n d . .

Co m b i n a t i o n s l i k e t h e s e m i gh t b e m a d e w i th o u t n u m b e r : B u re n d
’

“
B u rg h e n d G ra v e sh e n d F o o d se n d \V o o d sh e n d P o u n d se n d L a n e s
, . . . .

e n d B ri d ge n d a n d so o n h a v i n g a l l b e e n p re se rv e d t o m o d e rn t i m e s
. . , .

I t ap p e a rs th e n th at i n t h e q u e s t f o r d i s t i n c t i v e o r i n d i v i d u a l
n a m e s m e n a d op t e d fre e l y t h e n a me s o f th e p l ac e s wh e n c e t h e y
. .
. ,

c am e o r n a m e s d e sc ri p t i v e o f th e p a rt i c u l a r s i t u at i o n s o r t h e
, ,

p e c u l i a ri t i e s o f t h e i r ab o d e s
,
T h e s e n a m e s h a v e m o re ov e r a s . . .

s u m e d s t ra n ge fo rm s t h ro u gh t h e u s e o f p re p o s i t i on s o r ot h e r p a r
.

t i c l e s t o s i gn i fy re s i d e n c e I t w i l l b e i n t e re s t i n g n o w to c on s i d e r .

0
146 SURNA M E B O O K .

“
b ri e fl y so m e o f th e n at u ra l fe a t u re s o f c o u n t ry t h a t h a v e c o n t rib u t e d
to t h e m ak i n g o f t h e s e s u rn a m e s .

F i r s t app e a r b e fo re u s n am e s o f woo d and fo re s t ; woo d h u r s t , ,

h ol t s h aw f ri th d e n l ey ro y d grav e t h w a i t e s l a d e l a u n d e , h o l m
, , , , , , , , , ,

p l a tt k n o wl e s l y n c h e s W oo d w e h av e a l re a dy c o n s i d e re d J u s t
, ,
.
.

l i ke t h e woo d wa s t h e h u r s t o r h i r s t ; a n d a s t h e o n e h a s gi v e n
, ,

W oo d an d A t woo d a s fa m i l y n a m e s s o t h e o th e r h a s gi v e n H u r s t ,

a n d A t h u rst M o re ov e r th e c o m b i n at i o n s w i t h h u r s t a re m a n i fol d
.
,
.

I f o n e l i v e d o n a p a s t u re n e a r i t t h e fa m i l y n a m e m i gh t b e H u r s l ey ,
-

( h u r s t l e a ) ; i f i t w e re a fo re s t o f h a z e l n u t s t h e n a m e m i gh t b e ,

H a z e l h u r s t i f a fo re s t o f a s h t re e s A sh h u r st o r a fo re s t o f e l m s
, , , ,

“
E l m h u r s t I f h a w k s ab o u n d e d i n t h e woo d t h e n a m e m i gh t b e
.
,

H a wk h u r s t ; i f b a d ge r s B l o c kh u rst ; i f goa t s G o at h i rst an d so o n , , . .

‘ ’
T h e h o l t w a s a s m a l l e r woo d o r a t h i c k e t a n d i t h a s gi v e n ,

s u c h fa m i l y n a m e s a s H o l t A l d e r sh o t ; an d B ag s h o t ( b a d ge r h o l t ) ,
.

T h e s h a w ( se h a w ) wa s a s m al l woo dy c ov e rt F ro m i t a re d e ri v e d .

s u c h s u rn a m e s a s S h a w B ag s h a w H i n d sh aw R a m s h a w B rad s h aw , , , , ,

a n d O p e n s h aw I n f ri t h a re re p re se n t e d t h e w i d e r m o re th i c kl y
‘
.
’

woo d e d v al l e y s u n d e rl y i n g s t e e p m o u n t a i n s i d e s T h e n a m e F ri th
,
-
.
,

th o u gh p e rh ap s n o t c o m m o n i n w e s t e rn A m e ri c a i s n e v e rt h e l e s s ,
‘ ’
st i l l a s t ro n g fa m i l y n am e T h e wo rd d e n d e n ot e d a n c i e n t l y a .

s u n k e n woo d e d v al e i n w h i c h an i m al s m i gh t fi n d b ot h p a s t u re a n d
,

sh e l t e r W h e n i t c a m e t o b e u se d by m a n i t w a s gi v e n ov e r m a i n l y
.
,

to h i s h e rd s o f s w i n e I n re m e m b ra n c e o f t h e a n i m al s t h a t o n c e .

f re q u e n t e d th e d e n h o w ev e r we h a v e st i l l s u c h n a m e s a s t h e se :
. ,

W o l f d e n VV ol f e n d e n B rogd e n F o x d en H ard e n ( h a re d e n ) D e e r
, , , , ,

d e n B u c k d e n Ro w d e n ( ro e d e n ) o r e v e n H o rse d en O x e n d e n
, . , , ,

Co w d en L ambd e n B o rd e n S u gd e n o r S o w d e n an d S w i n d e n
, . , , .

O gd e n may i n som e c a s e s b e h og d e n s i n c e t h e e n t ry d e H og
‘ ‘
,
’

d e n e o c c u r s ; b u t u s u a l l y t h e fa m i l y n a m e O gd e n i s t o b e re fe r re d
’

‘ ‘ ’
to oa k d e n S o m e wh a t l i ke t h e d e n w a s th e l ey b u t i t w a s
.
,
’

gi v e n u p m a i n l y t o d o m e s t i c l i ve st oc k F ro m c o m b i n a t i o n s w i t h .

l ey a re d e ri v e d t h e n m a n y c o m m o n fa m i l y n a m e s a s H o r sl ey
’
, , , ,

Co wl e y K i n l e y O xl e y a n d S h i p l e y o r H a rt l e y Ro wl e y B u c k l e y
, , . , , ,

Fo x l e y H a rl e y A n d d e ri v e d f ro m t h e c h a ra c t e ri s t i c t re e s o f t h e
, .

l e y a p p e a r s u c h n am e s a s A sh l e y E l m sl e y O ak l e y L i n d l e

“
‘ ’

y , , , ,

B e rke l e y a n d so fo rth , .

Th re e wo rd s t o b e fo u n d u se d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h wo o d t e rm s
i n d i c at e c l e a ri n g s o r c ut t i n g s i n t h e fo re st T h e fam i l y n a m e s R i d d . .

Ro y d Ro d d R o d e s e e m a l l t o s p ri n g f ro m so m e fo re s t p l ac e ri d d e d
, , ,

o f i t s w a st e wood o r i t s t re e s T h e p u rp o s e o f th e ri d d in g o r th e
,
.
,

k i n d o f t re e s ri d d e d may al so i n c om p o u n d fo rm s gi v e ri s e t o fa m i l y
,

n a m e s I n t h i s w ay c o m e n a m e s l i k e H u n t ro yd H al ro y d an d
.
, .

A c roy d ( oak ro y d ) A grav e i n Ol d e n t i m e s w a s a woo d l an d av e

.
.

n u e c u t o r g rav e d O ti t o f t h e fo re st F ro m t h i s wo rd t h e n sp ri n g
, . .
, ,

th e n am e s G re av e s G ra v e s G rov e s G rav e sh e n d an d t h e l i ke I n . . . .
148 SURNA M E B O O K .

th e h o u s e t h at l o n e t re e m i gh t i m p a rt i t s n a m e t o th e fa m i l y f o r
,

e v e r T h e re ap p e a r t h e n c o m m on l y i n o u r re gi s t e rs fam i l y n a m e s
.
, ,

“
d e ri v e d fro m t h e oa k t h e a l d e r t h e b e e c h t h e b i rc h t h e l i n d e n th e
, , , , ,

a sh a n d m a n y o t h e r t re e s i n b ot h s i m p l e a n d c o m p o u n d fo rm
, , .

W h a t re m a i n s n o w o f th e s to r y may b e t ol d i n b ri e f H av i n g .

ex h a u s t e d th e n at u ra l re s o u rc e s o f fo re s t an d h i l l an d t re e i n t h e
q u e s t fo r i n d i v i d u al i t y m e n t u rn e d fo r s u gge s t i o n t o t h e re s u l t s o f
,

t h e i r ow n l ab o r A t t h e h e a d o f e v e ry c o u n t r y l an e w a s p l ac e d a
.

ga t e o r h at c h t o c o n fi n e t h e d e e r F ro m t h e s e c o m m o n l y k no w n
, , .

ob j e c t s a re d e ri v e d t h e n a m e s G a te s Y at e s B yg at es B y a t t s an d , , , ,

m a n y o th e r c o m p o u n d fo rm s F ro m t h e woo d e n c ro s s o r roo d t h a t .

s too d by t h e w ay s i d e c o m e th e n a m e s Ro o d a n d R u d d F ro m t h e ,
.

c ro ft o r e n c l o s e d p a s t u re s p ri n g t h e n a m e s R y ec ro f t B a n c ro ft
'

, ,

( be an c ro f t ) B e rec ro f t ( b a rl e y c roft ) H ayc ro f t S c o w c ro f t a n d s o

,
-

, , ,

fo rt h A n d i n l i ke m a n n e r n a m e s w i t h o u t n u m b e r h a v e be e n
.
,

fo rm e d fro m t h e ga rt h o r y a rd t h e h ay o r h e d ge t h e a c re o r t i l l e d , ,

gro u n d t h e w o rt h o r s m al l fa rm s t e a d t h e gran ge o r gra n a ry t h e

, , ,

b oo t h t h e b o w e r t h e s t e a d th e h al l t h e t h o rp e t h e to w n a n d t h e
, , , , , ,

b o ro ugh T h u s h av e c o m e i n to b e i n g H oga rt h H aywo o d H a wo rth

.
, ,

“
,

G ra n ge r B oot h B oo t h man B o w e rs St e a d m a n H a l l T h o rp To w n e
, , , , , , , ,

a n d B o ro ugh s i n c o u n t l e s s fo rm s , .

B u t al l t h e s e m e t h o d s of d e ri v i n g i n d i v i d u al i s t i c n a m e s d i d n o t
to u c h t h e t ra d e s m a n n e a rl y H e h a d o th e r m e an s I n a d ay w h e n . .

b u t fe w c o u l d re a d a n d w ri t e t h e t rad e s m a n h u n g p i c t u re s i gn s be ,
-

fo re t h e s h op Th e p i c t u re s h e a d op t e d m i gh t o r m i gh t n o t h av e
.

b e a ri n g o n h i s t ra d e — o ft e n t h e y h a d n o t A l l k i n d s of e n s i gn s . ,

v a ri o u s s t y l e s o f d re s s i n s t ru m e n t s i m p l e m e n t s a n d u t e n s i l s o f
, , ,

e v e ry k i n d w e re ru d e l y c a rv e d o r p a i n te d a n d h u n g b e fo re t h e d oo r
,

t o c at c h th e e y e o f th e w a y fa re r E s p e c i a l l y p op u l a r a m on g t h e .

s i gn se e k e r s h o we v e r w e re t h e a n i m a l s o f th e fi e l d a n d t h e fo re s t
-

, . ,

an d th e m o n st e r s o f h e a t h e n t ra d i t i o n A b ov e th e doo rw a y s a n d .

t h e h a t c h e s ap p e a re d gru e so m e p i c t u re s o f g ri f fi n s u n i c o rn s an d , ,

c e n t a u r s o r c ru d e e m bl az o n i n g s of l i o n s t i ge r s b e a r s a n d b u l l s
, , . , .

I t i s u n d ou bt e d l y fro m t h e s e e a rl y s i gn s t h at a re d e r i v e d s u c h n am e s
a s B u l l Ro s e Li o n C row a n d H o rn e M a n y n am e s s o d e r i v e d
, , , . ,

h o w e v e r c a n h a rd l y b e d i st i n gu i sh e d f ro m t h o s e d e ri v e d fro m
,

p e c u l i a ri t i e s o f s i t u a t i o n .

S u c h i n b ri e f i s th e s to ry o f t h e o ri gi n o f l oc a t i v e o r p l a c e s u r
, ,

n am e s T o s u m m a ri z e i t ap p e a r s t h at e v e ry p o s s i b l e n at u ra l
.
,

fe at u re h a s c o n t ri b u t e d t o th e m ak i n g o f fa m i l y n am e s T h e s i m .

p l e st fo rm o f t h e l o c at i v e n am e s i s th at i n w h i c h p l a c e w o rd i s p r e
-

c e d e d b y a p re p o s i t i o n i n d i c a t i n g re s i d e n c e o r i s fol l ow e d b y a ,

s u f fi x e q u al l y i n d i c at i n g re s i d e n c e B y c o n t rac t i o n o f t h e n a m e .

p h ra s e s n e w fo rm s o f s u rn a m e s h av e b e e n c re a t e d ; a n d b y c o m
b i n i n g p l ac e wo rd s c o m p o u n d fo rm s h av e b e e n d e ri v e d T h e n u m
-
.
.

b e r o f l oc at i v e s u rn a m e s c an h a rd l y b e e st i m at e d T h e p o s s ib i l i t i e s .
 P LA C E OR L O CA L N A M E S . 149

a re e n d l e s s E ti t i n e v e ry c a s e t h e l o c a t i v e s u rn am e w i l l p rob ab l y
o r t we l ft h c e n t u ry —t o th e t i m e wh e n
.
,

g o ba c k o n l y t o t h e e l e v e n t h
s u rn a m e s b e c a m e c o m m o n B e fo re t h at t i m e o u r a n c e s to r s m ay .

o ft e n b e t ra c e d on l y b y t h e i r p at ro n y m i c d e sc ri p t i v e s ”
.

T h e fo l l ow i n g l i s t i s f ro m B a ri n g Go u l d : -

T h e re w e re a n u m b e r o f wo rd s wh i c h i n d i c at e d re s i d e n c e o n o r

“
n e a r ri v e r s l a k e s w oo d s o r t o w n s
,
T h e fol l o w i n g l i s t i n d i c a t e s
, ,
.

t h e s e p re fi xe s an d s u f fi x e s w h i c h a ft e rwa rd s b e c a m e a p a rt o f a

“
”
s u rn a m e I n g w a s A n gl o —S axo n m e a n i n g d e sc e n t ; A t h o l i n g

“
.
,

m e a n s so n o f A t h o l ; E d w ard i n g m e a n s so n o f E d wa rd T h e A n gl o

“
.

S ax on a t t e m e a n s a t t h e o r a dj o i n i n g t h e T h e F re n c h p re p o s i .
.

”
t i o n d e ( o f) h a d s o m e t h i n g t h e s a m e m e a n i n g T h e F re n c h .

”
l e ( t h e ) w a s fre q u e n t l y u s e d b y t h e N o rm a n s w h e n sp e a k i n g o f
t h e o f fi c e o f a n i n d i v i d u al .

I n t h e o l d A n gl o S axo n h u s w a s h o u s e ; c o t i s w e l l k n o wn ;
-

”
b u rh w a s a fo rt i fi e d p l a c e fro m w h i c h c a m e Ca n t e rb u ry S a l i s ,

b u ry A m e s b u ry S h a ft e s b u ry
. ,
.

A c re a l w ay s m e a n t t h e c o rn l a n d p l o u gh e d o r s ow n I t e n t e r s , .

i n t o m a n y c o m b i n a t i o n s : H o o d ac re O l d ac re L on ga c re VV i t ac re
.
, , ,
.

A n gl e a c o rn e r A t t e n A n gl e h a s gi v e n u s N an gl e Jo h n d e
, ,
-
.

A n gu l o w a s i n t h e ( 1273) H u n d re d Rol l s .

B a r ro w ( A S B e arw ) ; a w oo d e d h i l l fi t fo r p a s t u ri n g s w i n e
. . .

B e c k i s a n O l d E n gl i s h n a m e fo r a h i gh p a s t u re o r sh e l v i n g
p i e c e o f m o o rl a n d ; t h e n c e t h e n a m e B ro ad be n d an d B e n t l e y

“
.

B ot h ( A a b o ot h o r w o o d e n h o u s e A l s o C e l t i c h o d d a
. . .
,

s e t t l e m e n t a s B o d m i n t h e m o n a s t i c s e t tl e m e n t ; F re e bo d y a n d
, ,

o t h e r n a m e s e n d i n g i n b o d an d b o d y ”
.

B o tt l e ( A S B o l t ) a d i m i n u t i v e o f b ot h I n t h e H i gh l an d s a

“
. .
,
.

b o t h i e i s s o u s e d ; i n G e rm a n w e h av e W-o l fe n b u tt e l I t o c c u r s i n -
.

H a rb o t t l e ( t h e h i gh l y s i t u a t e d b o t t l e ) N e wb ot tl e B o l to n i s t h e
-

, .

t u n c on t a i n i n g a b ot t l e ; B o t h we l l a n d Cl a y p o l e th e b ott l e i n t h e
”
.

c l ay.

B o tt o m ( A S b o t n ) t h e h e a d o f a v al l e y
. .
,
.

B u rg ( A S b u rh i n O N bj o rg D b o rg G b u rg ) to w n
. .
,
. .
, .
,
.
, .

B roo k o ri gi n a l l y a mo ra s s t h e n a s t re a m w a s a v e ry c o m m o n
, , ,

n a m e I t o c c u r s ov e r a n d ov e r aga i n i n t h e H u n d re d R ol l s
. .

B y ( O N b a e r by r ; D a n i s h b y a fa rm ) o ri gi n a l l y a s i n gl e
. .
. , .

h o u s e t h e n c a m e t o b e e m p l oy e d o f a g ro u p o f h o u se s
,
.

C ot ( A a t h a t c h e d c o t t age w i t h m u d w a l l s D ray c ot t i s
. ,
.

th e d ry c o t t age .

C ro ft a s m al l p i e c e o f gro u n d e n c l o s e d
,
B e e c ro ft B o c ro f t . . . ,

L e n c ro f t .

D i n gl e w o o d ( A l l p re fix e s a n d s u f fi xe s )
,
a depth of . .

w a s a c h u rc h ; E gl o sk e r r y E gl o sh ay l e . . Ec
c l e s i n N o rfol k a n d L a n c a s h i re E c c l e sfi e l d i n Y o rk s h i re an d . .
Ec
c l e st o n .
 150 SURNAM E B OOK .

F i e l d i s p rop e rl y a c l e a ri n g wh e re t re e s h av e b e e n fe l l e d , .

Fo rd ( Ce l t i c f o rd d ; A n gl o S axo n fo rd ) a w ay ; o n l y i n a s e c -

o n d ary s e n s e s i gn i fi e s a fo rd a c ro s s a r i v e r .

G a rt h ( A a n e nc l o s e d p l a c e ; h e n c e ga rd e n y a rd
.
, .

G at e may m e a n a ro a d a s B i sh op sga t e ; b u t a l so a b a rr i e r ,

So m e t i m e s c o r ru p te d to y a t ; R am sg at e M arg at e VV e st g at e ; s u r , ,

n a m e s G at e s a n d Ya t e s Y e a m a n ( t h e gat ek e e p e r )

“
,
.

H at c h a n d H ac k e t a gat e o r b a r t h ro w n a c ro s s a ga p

“
, .

H all an d H eal (A a s l op e . .

H am (A — ”
h a s t wo si g n i fi c at i o n s w i t h t h e a l o n g i t s i g
.

”
n i fi es hom e ; wi t h t h e a s h o rt i t s ign i fi e s a fi e l d e n c l o se d B u rn .

h a m i s t h e e n c l o s u re by t h e b roo k .

H ay a h e d ge t o a n e n c l o s u re ; o ft e n a s m al l p a rk F ro m th i s
, .

s i m p l e roo t w e h av e t h e s u rn a m e s H ay H a y e s H a igh a n d H aw i s , , ,

a n d H aw e s ; an d i n c o m b i n at i o n H ay woo d H a w o rt h H a u gh to n

“
. , .

H ol m ( O a fl a t i s l an d . .

H o l t i s t h e n a m e a s t h e G e rm a n H o l z a woo d o r c op s e , .

Hou se (A S and O . .
”
o ft e n c on t ra c t e d to u s a s A l d u s .
,

( t h e ol d h o u s e ) M a l t h u s ( t h e m a l t h o u se ) L o ft u s ( th e h o u s e w i t h
,
-

a l o ft ) .

Hurst (A a w oo d v e ry c o m m o n i n S u s s e x
.
, .

In g ( O N E n g ) a m eadow b y th e ri ve r
. .
, , .

L a n e O n t h e H u n d re d Ro l l s a re n u m e ro u s e n t ri e s s u c h a s
.

t h e s e : Ce c i l i a i n t h e L a n e E m m a a l a L an e J oh n d e l a L a n e P h i l , , ,

l i p p a a t t e L a n e Th o p as s u p e r L a n e ; s o t h a t a l th o u gh a N o rm an
, ,

fa m i l y o f L A n e c a m e o v e r w i t h t h e Co n q u e ro r w e c a n n o t s e t d ow n
’

,
-

a l l t h e L an e s a s h i s d e s c e n d a n t s .

L e e L egh L e i gh L e y L e a ( A S l e a h
, ,
a fal l o w p a s t u rage
, , , . .
, .

P i t t a sa wp i t c o al p i t o r p i t fal l
, , , .

P l at t l o w l y i n g gro un d
,
-
.

Ro s s ( C rh o s ) a h e a t h ; R o sk e l l y P e n ro s e R o se d u e
.
, , , .

R oy d ( O a c l e a ri n g i n a woo d
. .

S h a w ( O N s kog ) i s— ( l ) a s m al l woo d o r c op p i c e ; ( 2) a fl at
. .
,

a t th e foo t o f a h i l l ; ( 3) a b oggy p l a c e b y a ri v e r .

Stead ( A a h om e . .

T h o rp e ( A S ; D a n i sh to rp ; G e rm a n d o rf ) a h am l e t
. .
, .

T u n ( O N s k og ) t h e e n cl o s u re ab o u t a fa rm e n t e r s i n t o m an y
. .
, ,

c o m b i n at i on s a s t o n a n d t o wn B ri gh to n i s B ri g h t h el m st o n Wo l
, .

v e rh am p t o n i s W o l f ard e s h o m e fi e l d
,

- -
.

W i c k W y k e W e e k ( L a t v i c u s ) a s e t t l e m e n t ; W a rw i c k
. , .
,
,

G re e n w i c h B e rw i c k G e rm a n s we e k W e e k S t M a ry H a rd w i c k , , .
,

N o rw i c h an d m an y o th e r s c o m e f ro m t h i s ro ot
. .

W i t h ( O N v i o i ) a woo d : B e c k w i t h S k i p w i th
. .
, , .

W oo d b e c o m e s s o m e t i m e s i n c o m b i n at i o n H oo d so m e t i m e s ,

Goo d .

Yat fo r G at e a s t i l l c o m m o n p ro n u n c i a t i on ; h e n c e t h e s u rn a m e
, ,

Ya t e s .
152 SURNA M E B O O K .

m a d e i t c l e a r t h a t e 1 e r y f re e m a n w a s b e fo re al l t h i n gs e l s e t h e . ,

‘
ki n g s m a n
’
I n m an y w a y s h e e st ab l i s h e d a ri gi d y e t a S p l e n d i d
.
’
. , ,

fe u d al o rga n i z a t i on A n d fro m t h e v e r y n a t u re o f t h i n g s t h i s
. ,

fe u d al o rgan i z at i on w i th t h e m a n y o f fi c e s t h a t gre w i n i t a n d o u t
.

o f i t b e c am e a fru i t fu l so u rc e o f s u rn am e s w h e n t h e k i n g o rd e re d
,
‘
t h e gre a t D o m e s d a y s u rv e y T h ro u gh th i s i n q u e s t t h e l a n d e d . .

p rop e rt y o f t h e k i n gd o m wa s m i n u t e l y a sc e rt a i n e d d e s c ri b e d a n d ,

v a l u e d t h e t e n u re d e fi n e d th e h ol d e r s n a m e d a n d t h e i r d ep en d e n t s
. . ,

“
’
n u m b e re d a n d c l a s se d .

Fre e m an t e l l s u s :
T h e re c a n b e l i t tl e d o ub t t h a t i t wa s to th e gre a t t ra n s fe r O f .

l a n d s fro m E n gl i sh m e n t o s t ra n ge r s th a t th e N o rm a n Co n q u e s t Of
E n gl a n d o we s i t s d i st i n gu i sh i n g c h a rac t e r T h i s w a s th e c a u s e . .

m o re th a n an y o n e c a u se wh i c h m a d e th e N o rm a n Co n q u e s t so ,

th o ro u gh a n d l a s t i n g i f w e l ook a t i t from on e p o i n t o f 1 i e w s o
. .

t ra n s i to r y i f w e l o ok a t i t f ro m a n o t h e r \V i l l i a m s f o r
’
.
.

i
e g n kn i gh t s a n d m e n —at —a rm s w e re c h a n ge d i n to E n gl i s h l an d
o wn e r s h ol d i n g t h e o i l o f E n gl a n d a c c o rd i n g t o E n gl i s h l a w H e
,
s
.

h a d h i s ga rri son s i n e v e rv c o rn e r o f th e l a n d b u t h i s ga rri son wa s .

fo rm e d of t h e c h i e f l o rd s o f th e s o i l an d t h e c h i e f te n a n t s w h o h e l d

“
”
under them .

A ga i n w e q u ot e fro m V i d t so e : V

I n o u r p re s e n t — d ay d e m oc rat i c go ve rn m e n t w e re c ogn i z e .

n e i t h e r d u ke n o r b a ro n n o r l o rd n o r t h a n e A l t h ough t h e s o c i a l
.

. . . .

d i s t i n c t i o n o f l o rd a n d l a d y may st i l l b e fo u n d i n l an d s wh e re th e
a n c i e n t a ri s toc ra c y p e rs i s t s t h e o l d t i m e a u th o ri ty o f t h e t i t l e i s .
-

l a rge l y i f n ot w h o l l y l o s t
,
Y e t t h e s e m e n o f h o n o rab l e d i s t i n c t i o n
.
.
.

a re st i l l t o b e fo u n d i n t h e m o s t d e m oc rat i c o f l an d s T h e a n c i e n t .

d u ke w a s o ri gi n a l l y a l e a d e r ( L a t i n d ux ) a n d t h e n c e b e c a m e a t i t l e . .

A s a fa m i l y n a m e D u k e D u k e s w i th v a r i at i on s an d c o m p o u n d s
. . . .

m a rk th e d e sc e n d an t s o f n ot a bl e m e n o f ol d S o al so t h e fa m i l y .

B a ro n B a ron s ( o ri gi n u n k n ow n ) p o i n t s b a c k to a n ob l e a n c e s to r o f
, .

fe u d a l t i m e s T h e L o rd s o f wh o m t h e r e a re m an y c o m e f ro m t h e
. . .

m a st e r s o f o l d ( A n gl o — S axon h l af o rd h l af w e ard t h e ke e p e r o f t h e .
,

l oa f ) A n d t h e T h a n e s o r T h a i n e s o r T h e gn s o r Th e i n e s wh o ap
. . . . .

p e a r fre q u e n tl y i n o u r re gi s t e r s a re d e ri v e d f ro m t h e t h an e s — d ig n i .

— —
ta ri e s o f o l d E n gl i s h so c i e ty ( A n gl o S axo n th e gn l i te ral l y c h i l d ‘

“
’
~

, ,

or
T h e fe u d al s y st e m a s s oc i a t e d w i th t h e i d e al s o f t h e age o f
.

c h i v al r y i n v o l v e d n e c e s sa r i l y a n e l ab o rat e m i l i t a r y o rga n i z at i on
, .

F ro m t h e ra n k s o f m i l i t a r y o f fi c e a n d f ro m t h e w a rl i k e oc c up at i o n s .

d e ri v e d h av e c o m e al so man y w e l l k n o w n fa m i l y n am e s H e re al so
.
-
.

m ay b e re c o g n i z e d th e a n c e sto r o f m a n y a wo rth y m o d e rn The .

ol d w a s a s h i e l d —b e a re r ( l a t e L a t i n sc u t ari u s O l d
‘ ’
sq u y e r of . .

F r en c h e sc u p e r) a n d fo l l o we d t h e kn i gh t t o w a r
. . H e wa s an .

a sp i ra n t t o kn i g h th oo d a n d o ft e n a wa rri o r h i m s e l f o f n o m e a n
.
 O F F I C I A L O R O C C U P AT I V E S U R N A M E S . 153

re p u t e F ro m h i m h av e s p ru n g th e m an y S q u i re s Sq u ye rs S q u i e r s
a n d s o fo rt h i n t h e m o d e rn fa m i l y re c o rd A n d f ro m h i m t oo —a s
. , , ,

.
, .

‘
a l u s ty bac h e l e r — h av e S p ru n g th e B ac h e l o r s B at c h e l e rs o f t h e
’

“
. ,
‘
p re s e n t d ay B ti t t h e l u s ty bac h e l e r w a s n o t t h e w o rt h l e s s b a c h
.
,
’

e l o r o f to d a y H e w a s v al o ro u s b o t h i n l o v e a n d i n w a r
.
,
.

‘ ’
I t i s n o t o n l y w a rri o r s b i t t m e n o f p e ac e wh o ri d e h o b b i e s
. ,

n o wa d a y s I n d e e d w e sh o u l d h a rd l y exp e c t M r H ob b l e r t o b e
. . .

ri d i n g a n y h ob b y a t a l l Y e t h e re t o o w e d i s c ov e r i n a fa m i l y
.
, ,
‘
n a m e th e c u s to m s o f a b y g o n e t i m e A h ob l e r wa s o n e w h o i n .
’

t h e fe u d a l s y s t e m m a i n t a i n e d fo r s e rv i c e a h ob i n o r n ag T h e h ob ‘
, .

’
b e r i s o ft e n m e n t i o n e d i n t h e k i n g s w ri t s H e ro d e h i s h ob by i n
’

“
.

th e s e rv i c e o f t h e k i n g U n d o u b t e d l y m an y m o d e rn H ob b l e r s a re
.

t h u s d e r i v e d fro m t h e h o b b y h o rs e -
.

R i d i n g b e fo re o r w i t h t h e a rm y th e s tan d a rd b e a re r p ro u d l y
, ,
-

u p h e l d t h e e n s i gn o f h i s c h i e f T h e B e n n e rman s t h u s fi n d t h e i r .

a n c e st o r s i n t h e ran k s o f s e rv i c e T h e R y d e rs R i t e rs R i t t e r s .
. , ,

R u t t e r s a n d o t h e r s o f s i m i l a r fo rm h av e n o do ub t re c o gn i z e d i n
. ,

t h e i r n a m e s t h e m e rc e n a ry s ol d i e r s — ri d e r s — e m p l o y e d e xt e n s i v e l y
i n th e M i d d l e A ge s B u t p o s s i b l y t h e Ch i l d s h av e d i s c o v e re d 110 th
.

‘ ’
i n g w a rl i k e i n t h e i n n o c e n t l oo k i n g s u rn a m e C h i l d Y e t c h i l d
-
. .

t o o w a s an c i e n t l y s o m e wh a t o f a m i l i t a ry t i t l e
, I t w a s ap p l i e d t o .

y o u t h s o f n ob l e b i rt h o ft e n t o t h o s e w h o h a d n o t y et w o n t h e i r
,

s p u r s T h e t i t l e s e e m s a l so t o h av e b e e n o c c a s i o n al l y ap p l i e d t o
.

m e n w h o h a d b e e n a l re a d y m a d e k n i gh t s I n an y c a s e th e p e a c e fu l .

C h i l d s o f t o d a y a re d e r i v e d f ro m t h e c u s to m s o f fe u d a l l i fe A n d .

w h a t i s t ru e o f C h i l d i s l i k e w i s e t ru e o f B a rn e s ( S c b a i rn )
, . .

T h e m e m o ry o f t h e a n c i e n t fi g h t i n g s ol d i e rs t h e m se l v e s w e -

fi n d p re s e rv e d al so i n Ou r fam i l y re gi s t e r s J a c k m a n an d J ak e m a n
, , .

p re s e rv e t h e m e m o ry o f t h e s o l d i e r w h o wa s d re s s e d i n th e j a c k ‘
.
’

or c o a t o f — -
m a i l T h e S p e a r m a n s c o m e f ro m t h e fe a rl e s s so l d i e r s
.

w h o ru s h e d i n to b a tt l e w i t h t h e sp e a r T h e P i ke s a n d th e P i k e .

m a n s l oo k b a c k t o t h e fo o t — s o l d i e r s wh o fo u gh t w i t h t h e b a y o n e t
l i ke p i k e A n d t h e B i l l s a n d t h e B i l l man s re c a l l h o w b l o o d y a n d
.

“
.

fi e rc e w e re t h e o n sl a u gh t s o f t h e i r f o re f at h e rs as t h e y ru sh e d t o o

b at tl e wi t h t h e n a k e d k e e n e d ge d s wo r d .
-
.

S o e l a b o rat e a m i l i ta r y l i fe a s th a t m a i n ta i n e d d u ri n g t h e fe u
d a l a ge i n 1 o l 1 e d n e c e s sa ri l y t h e p e rf ec t i i b o f m a n y o c c u p a t i on s .
0

b e a ri n g d i re c t l y u p o n m i l i t a ry n e e d s I t w a s a n age w h e n w a r ri o r .

d re s s e d i n a rm o r T h o s e w h o m a d e t h e a rm o r a re p re s e r 1 e d t o t h e
.

p re se n t d ay i n t h e fa m i l y n am e s A rm o r A rm o u r a n d s o fo rt h Th e , . .

a rm o r n e e d e d h o w e v e r t o b e c a re fu l l y b u rn i s h e d fro m t i m e t o t i m e
, , .

F ro m t h o s e w h o a t t e n d e d t o t h i s d u t y a re d e r i v e d t h e F u rb i s h e s ,

t h e Fu rb i s h e r s t h e F u rbi sc h e rs o f th e p re s e n t d ay
. E v e ry ful l. .

c l a d k n i gh t m u s t w e a r a h e l m e t T h i s h el m e t wa s c a l l e d i n O l d .

F re n c h h e al me o r h e a u m e F ro m h i m wh o s e oc c u p at i o n i t w a s
.

to m ak e th e h e a u m e h av e sp ru n g t h e c l a s s i c a l l ook i n g H o m e r s o f
.
-
154 SURNA M E B O O K .

o u r o w n d ay I n l i k e m an n e r o u r Sp u r ri e r s we re o r i gi n al l y m a k e r s
.
,

m ak e r s o f s l i n g s ; o u r B o w y e r s a n d B ow
.

o f ro w e l s ; o u r S l i n ge rs , ,

m a n s a n d A rc h e r s m ak e r s o r u se r s o f b ow s ; o u r S t ri n ge r s an d
, ,

S t ri n g f e l l o w s m ak e r s o f fau l t l e s s s t ri n g s f o r b o w s ; o u r A rrow
,

s m i th s an d S e tte rs an d T ri p p e r s a n d Fl e t c h e r s a l l m an u fa c t u re r s

“
, , , ,

o f a rrow s ; an d e v e n o u r s w e e t —s c e n t i n g F l ow e r s w e re m ak e r s of
a rro w s ( M E fl o A S fl a a n a r ro w )
. .
, . .
,
.

M an y oth e r c o m m o n n a m e s may b e t ra c e d t o a n c e s to r s i n
fe u d al m i l i ta ry s e rv i c e Sp a c e w i l l n o t p e rm i t a fu l l d i s c u ss i o n o f
.

an y o n e d i v i s i o n o f t h e s u b j e c t h o w ev e r W e c a n h op e o n l y t o ,
.

i n d i c a t e h o w th e s e c o n d i t i o n s o f so c i e t y c o n t ri b u t e d t o t h e m o d e rn
re gi s t e r o f fam i l y n am e s A n d s o w e h u rry fro m wh a t m i gh t b e .

’
c a l l e d t h e fe u d al l o rd s p ro fe s s i o n t o h i s p a s t i m e .

E v e r y l a rge e s t a t e i n t h e t i m e o f W i l l i a m i n c l u d e d e xt e n s i v e
fo re s t p re s e rv e s I n t h e fo re s t s ro a m e d th e k i n d re d o f th e w i l d
.
,

a f f o rd i n g t o t h e l o rd o f t h e e s t a t e e n d l e s s p l e a s u re a n d e xc i t e m e n t ,

i n th e c h a s e B u t t h e fo re s t p re s e rv e s a n d t h e ga m e t h e p a rk s a n d
.
, ,

t h e fi e l d s h a d al l t o b e c a re d f o r a n d gu a rd e d ; a n d fro m t h o s e w h o
.

b e c am e th u s d e p e n d e n t s o f t h e l o rd o f t h e c a st l e h av e S p ru n g m a n y
o f o u r i n t i m a t e fri e n d s I n Fo st e r Fo r s t e r Fo re s t e r a n d o th e r .
, , ,

fo rm s i s p re se rv e d th e o c c u p a t i o n o f t h e fo re s t e r — th e ke e p e r o f t h e
,

fo re st I n l i k e m a n n e r P a rk P a rk e r P a rk m a n p re s e rv e t h e m e m
. .
, ,

o ry o f th e ke e p e r o f th e p a rk ; W a rre n W a rn e r W a r re n e r th at o f , . ,

t h e k e e p e r o f t h e w a r re n s ; W o o d wa rd W o o d a rd W oo d raf W o o d , , ,

ro w W o o d ro f f W o o d ru f f t h a t o f t h e wa r d re e v e o r gu a rd o f t h e
. , , , ,

w oo d ; M oo rw ard t h a t o f t h e m o o r gu a rd ; B a i l e y B ai l l i e t h a t of
th e p ri v at e o r l e gal bal i f f ; H ay wa rd t h a t o f t h e h e rd e r o f c a t t l e o n
, , ,

t h e c o m m on w i th i n th e h e ge o r h e d ge ; Po u n d e r P i n d e r P i n d a r
.
, , ,

th a t o f th e i m p o u n d e r o f s t ra y c a t tl e ; a n d s o fo rt h al m o s t w i t h o u t
e n d A n d fro m t h o s e w h o s e s p e c i al d u t y i t w a s t o c a re fo r t h e
.

p a rt i c u l a r q u a rr y t h e m a s t e r l o v e d t o c h a s e h av e sp ru n g s u c h ,

n a m e s a s S ta gm a n B u ck m a s t e r H a rt m a n D e a rm an H u n t e r , , , , ,

H u n t s m a n H u n t B i rd B i rd e r Fo w l e r a n d s o fo rt h A n d e v e n
, , , ,

“
.
,

fro m t h e c u s to m of h u n t i n g w it h fal c o n s a re d e ri v e d n a m e s l i k e
F au l k e n e r Fal k n e r an d Fa u l kn e r
, , .

T h e s e t h i n gs h av e al l t o d o h o w e v e r w i t h t h e o u t d oo r l i fe o f , ,

m e d i e v al fol k T h e i n d oo r o r ga n i z a t i o n t oo h a s co n t ri b u t e d m u c h
.
, ,

t o th e m ak in g o f d i s t i n c t i v e fam i l y n a m e s T h u s Co n s tab l e Ca s tl e .
,

m an Ca s t e l a n Ch at e l a i n a n d o t h e r fo r m s p o i n t to t h e a n c e s t o r w h o
, , , ,

s e rv e d h i s l o rd a s gov e rn o r o f t h e c a s t l e M a r s h al l i s d e ri v e d fro m .

—
m a re s c h al k a h o r s e groo m o r h o r s e s e rv a n t A n d s i m i l a rl y a re
,
-

.
-
.

d e ri v e d o th e r n a m e s th a t exp l a i n t h e m s e l v e s ; a s Po rt e r U s h e r , , ,

D oo rw a rd a n d D u rwa rd D o re man D o rm a n a n d D o m an Ch am b e r , , ,

l a i n C h am b e rs W a rd rob e an d W a rd rop B a rb o u r an d B a rb e r Cook

. , , .

C oo ke an d Co ke m a n K i t c h e n s a n d K i t c h e n e r Po tt i n ge r Sp e n c e
, , , ,

a n d S p e n c e r ( f ro m P an te r a n d Pa n t l e r ( p a n t r y ) B u t ,
156 S U RN A M E B O O K .

V i c k s o r s o m e c o m p o u n d o f o n e o f t h e s e i s fo u n d T h e n am e
, , .

d o e s n ot l oo k c h u rc h l i k e ; yet i t i s d e ri v e d fro m t h e Fre n c h e v e q u e

-
,
.

T h e v i c a r m ay o ft e n b e fo u n d i n V i c k e rm a n an d s i m i l a r fo rm s ; a n d
t h e p a r s o n i n P a r s on s I t h a s b e e n s u gge s t e d h o w e v e r t h a t P a r
.
, ,

s o n s may b e d e ri v e d f ro m P i e r s s on P ri e s t P ri e st man D e ac on ’
.
, , ,

D e a k i n C h ap l i n Ch a n c e l l o r C l e rk a n d S axto n al l re v e a l e a s i l y
, , . , ,

t h e i r e c c l e s i a st i c a l o ri gi n T h e so u rc e o f C o l l e t i s n o t so e a s i l y
.

s e e n T h e ac o l y t e — s o m e t i m e s c al l e d t h e c ol e t — w ai t e d u p o n t h e
.

p ri e s t H e a s s i s t e d i n c a rr y i n g t h e b re a d a n d w i n e i n l i gh t i n g t h e
. .

c an d l e s a n d p e rfo rm i n g o t h e r s ub o rd i n a t e d u t i e s H e i s th e fa t h e r .

“
.

o f th e Co l l e t s o f o u r m o d e rn d i re c to r i e s S o al s o t h e fi rst B e n n e t s
'

w e re e xo rc i st s ; an d t h e C ro z i e r s b e a re r s o f t h e p a s to ral s t a ff , .

B e s i d e s t h e n am e s d e ri v e d fro m t h e c h u rc h p rop e r t h e re a re ,

m an y th at s p ri n g f ro m t h e m on a s t i c o r d e r s o f t h e m i d d l e age s .

A b b ot t A b b e y P ri o r P r y o r F r y e F ri e r F ri a r C a n o n Ca n n o n
, , , , , , , , ,

M oyn e M u n n M o n k N u n n a n d a h o s t o f o t h e r s n e e d n o c o m m e n t
, , , ,
.

T h e i r p o s i t i o n s a re e s t ab l i s h e d e v e n t o t h e p re s e n t B a d m an an d .
,

B i d man re c al l t h e t e l l e r o f b e a d s ; a n d P a l m e r rev i v e s t h e m e m o r y
.

o f t h e e l a t e d p i l gri m w h o c a rr i e s t h e p al m l e a f i n e v i d e n c e o f h i s
s u c c e s s fu l p i l gri m age to t h e H o l y L a n d T h u s t h e c h u rc h t oo h a s .
, , ,

h e l p e d t o m u l t i p l y t h e n u m b e r o f s u rn a m e s E v e r y o f fi c e p a s t a n d .
,

p re s e n t a n d e v e ry d u ty k n o w n t o m an i s s a fe l y p re s e rv e d i n f a m i l y
, ,
”

“
nam e .

B a ri n g — Goul d add s th e se com m en t s :

A ft e r t h e c o ro n a t i on o f W i l l i a m no m a n c o u l d ho l d a n a c e by
an a n t e N o rm a n t i tl e A l l w e re o b l i ge d t o ob t a i n a d e e d fro m t h e
-
.

k i n g and i t w a s e xc e p t i on a l t h a t a t h egn o f t h e t i m e o f K i n g E d
.

w a rd sh o u l d re t ai n h i s p o s s e s s i on s u n d e r K i n g W i l l i am D i spo s .

s e s s e d h e m u s t s i n k t o b e a t e n a n t fa rm e r o f t h e v i l l e i n T h e f re e
,
-
.
.
-

h o l d e r o f h i s a l l o d i a l l an d h ad b e c o m e e xt i n c t an d a n e t wo rk of ,

o f fi c i al s w a s c a s t ov e r E n gl a n d h ol d i n g t h e p e op l e i n v o l v e d i n i t s
,

to i l s
S om e o f t h e b a ro n s h e l d a gre a t n u m b e r o f m a n o r s Th e y .

c o u l d n o t re s i d e o n t h e m a l l an d w e re c o n s t ra i n e d t o p l a c e s ub
,

t e n an t s i n t h e m M a n y o f t h e s e we re m e n o f fo re i gn ra c e — N o r
.

m a n s B re t o n s Fl e m i n gs ; b u t so m e w e re ac t i v e E n gl i sh m e n T h e s e
, , .

l a t te r c o u l d n o t h o w ev e r re c ko n o n p e rm a n e n c y of t e n u re f o r th e y
, , ,

w e re a l w a y s l i ab l e t o b e d i sp l ac e d t o m a k e w ay fo r t h e s u p e ran ,

“
n u at e d d e p e n d e n t o f t h e l o rd fo r w h o m a h o m e h a d t o b e fou n d .
,

t h at h i s p l ac e m i gh t b e fi l l e d b y o n e y ou n ge r a n d m o re a c t i v e .

T h e o r d i n a ry a rra n ge m e n t i n e v e r y m a n o r w a s t h i s : I t w a s
d iv i d e d i n to t wo p a rt s O n e p o rt i o n w a s t h e gre at h o m e —
. fa rm ab o u t
th e s e i gn e u ri al m a n o r h o u s e h e l d d i s t i n c t fro m t h a t o f th e t e n a n t s
-

, .

T h e re s t o f th e m an o r c al l e d th e t e n an t ry p a rt w a s d i v i d e d i n to
"

, ,

s m al l c o p y h o l d i n g s o f ab o u t n e a rl y e q u al v al u e a n d e n j oy i n g e q u a l
, ,

ri gh t s o f c o m mo n age T h e re w a s h o we v e r a c on s t a n t p re s s u re
.
, ,
 O F F I C I A L O R O C C U PAT I V E SU RNA M ES . 157

b ro u gh t t o b e a r u p o n t h e t e n a n t r y t o re d u c e t h e i r p r i v i l e ge s a n d ,

t h e fu n c t i on a ri e s o f t h e l o rd we re o n t h e al e rt t o p a re d o w n t h e i r
ri gh t .

H e re i s a l i s t o f t h e t e n l a rge s t h ol d e r s o f l a n d a ft e r th e
Co n q u e s t :

T h e K i n g h e l d a s m an y a s
T h e E a rl O f M o rt ai n e h e l d
A l a n E a rl o f B ri t t a n y h e l d
. ,

O d o B i sh op o f B ay e u x h e l d
, ,

G o sf ri d B i s h op o f C o u t an c e h e l d
. ,

R oge r d e B u s l e h e l d
I l b e rt d e L a c i h e l d
W i l l i a m P e rv e rel h e l d
R ob e rt d e S t ra d fo rd h e l d
Roge r d e L a c i h e l d .

A s m ay w e l l b e c o n c e i v e d t h e g re a t b a ro n s fo l l o w i n g VV i l
, ,
’
l i a m s exa m p l e m u s t h av e e m p l oy e d n u m e ro u s o f fi c i al s n ot o n l y
. ,

a b o u t t h e i r o w n p e rs o n s b u t i n s u p e rv i s i o n o f t h e i r m a n y a n d s c a t
,

t e re d e s t a t e s ; a n d t h u s t h e re a ro s e a wh o l e c l a s s of fu n c t i o n a ri e s ,

a s h a s b e e n s a i d w h o h a d t o b e m a i n t a i n e d o u t o f t h e l a n d so t h at
, .

t h e u n fo rt u n at e u n d e r t e n a n t s a n d c op y h o l d e r s w e re opp re s s e d w i t h
-

“
t h e b u rd e n n o t o n l y o f t h e k i n g s t ax e s b u t al s o o f re n t t o t h e o v e r
.
’

l o rd a n d d u e s fo r t h e s u p p o rt of t h e s w a r m o f o f fi c i a l s
. .

“
T h e No rm a n Co n q u e s t i n t ro d u c e d in to E n gl a n d b u m b l e d o m
a n d fl u n k e v i sm .

E v e r y gre a t o w n e r o f m a n o r s m u s t h av e h i s b a i l i f f h i s s t e w ,

a rd h i s re e v e s h i s ra n ge r s h i s fo re st e r s b e s i d e t h e m an y o flflc i al s
, , , ,

“
ab o u t h i s p e rs o n A n d t h e s e l a t t e r w e re m e n o f c o n s i d e ra t i o n w h o
.
-
,

h a d t o b e w e l l p a i d n at u ra l l y a t t h e c o s t of t h e t e n an t s
, .

Ch a rl e s t h e G re a t h a d i n s t i t u t e d i n F ran c e t h e o rd e r o f m i n
i st ral e s A b o u t h i s s a c re d p e r s o n w e re gro up e d fu n c t i on a ri e s w h o
.

w e re h e re d i t a ry s e rv e r s a t h i s ta b l e — b u tl e r s sh o e r s o f h i s h o r se s . ,

d i s p e n s e r s o f t h e p ro v i s i o n s i n h i s h o u s e h o l d H i s c o u rt w as .

c ro w d e d w i t h o f fi c e r s o f e v e ry ra n k s o m e o f t h e m o s t e m i n e n t o f .

th e m e xe rc i s e d fu n c t i o n s ab o u t t h e ro y a l p e r s o n w h i c h wo u l d h a v e
b e en t h o u gh t fi t o n l y fo r s l av e s i n t h e p al a c e o f A u gu st u s o r A 11
t on i n e To c a r ry h i s b an n e r o r h i s l a n c e l e a d h i s a r ray t o b e h i s
.
, ,

m a r s h a l o r c o n s t ab l e o r s e we r o r c a rv e r ; t o d o i n fac t s u c h s e r
, , , , ,

v i c e s t ri v i a l o r o t h e rw i s e a s h i s l o rd m i gh t h av e d o n e f o r h i m s e l f

“
, ,

i n p rop e r p e r s o n h a d i t s o p l e a s e d h i m — t h i s w a s t h e p o s i t i o n c o v
,

e t e d b y y o u t h s o f b i rt h a n d d i s t i n c t i o n a t s u c h a p e ri o d a s t h i s .

F ro m t h e c o u rt of t h e e m p e ro r t h e sy s t e m d e s c e n d e d t o th a t
o f d u k e s a n d e a rl s \V i l l i am th e Co n q u e ro r h a d h i s m a r s h a l a n d h i s
.

d i s p e n s e r A n d t h e s e o f fi c e s w e re by n o m e a n s s i n ec u re s a s may b e
.
.
 158 S U RN A M E B O O K .

ga t h e re d fro m t h e st o ry o f t h e t ran s fe r o f th at o f h i gh st e wa rd t o
th e c o n q u e ro r f ro m W i l l i a m F i t z O sbe rn t o E u d o d e R i e A t d i n n e r .

o n e d ay F i t z O sbe rn w i t h h i s h an d s h a d p l a c e d b e fo re t h e k i n g a
c ra n e t h at w a s b u t h a l f ro a s te d ; w h e re a t W i l l i a m ra i se d h i s fi s t t o
s t ri k e h i m i n t h e fa c e b u t E u d o w a r d e d o f f t h e b l o w F i t z O sbe rn
,
.
,

“
v e r y a n gry a sk e d t o b e re l i e v e d o f h i s fu n c t i o n a n d i t w a s gi v e n
, ,

to E udo .

T h e S t u a rt s w e re t h e h e re d i t a ry S t e w a rd s o f t h e C ro w n o f
S c o t l a n d T h e M a r sh a l l s w h o m t h e C o n q u e ro r e l e v at e d t o b e c o m e
. .

E a rl s o f P e m b rok e w e re h i s s t ab l e k e e p e r s an d s a w t o t h e c u rry
,
-
,

c om b i n g o f h i s h o r s e s a n d th e p i t c h fo rk i n g o u t e v e ry d ay o f t h e i r
,

d u n g to t h e h e ap T h e d i sp e n s e r s we re roy a l o f fi c i al s p l ac e d i n
.

‘
c h a rge of th e b u tt e ry o r s p e n c e w h e re th e st o re o f m e at a n d b re a d
, ,
’

wa s ke p t ; s u c h w a s t h e o ri gi n o f t h e fa m i l y o f Sp e n c e r D u k e o f ,

M a rl b o ro ugh T h e a n c e s t o r o f th e G ro sv e n o rs D u k e s o f W e st mi n

“
.
,

ste r w a s t h e c h i e f h u n t s m a n o f t h e D u k e o f N o rm an d y
,
.

T h e m o d e s t L e B o t el e r w a s t h e p ro t o p a re n t o f t h e fa m i l y o f -

B u tl e r J am e s B u tl e r D u k e o f O rm o n d d e ri v e d i n l i n e a l d e sc e n t
.
, ,

fro m a gra v e i n d iv i d u a l b ot t l e i n h an d w h o s too d b e h i n d so m e

, .

p ri n c e o r p e rh ap s on l y p e t ty s q u i re an d s a i d d e fe re n t i al l y i n t h e
, , ,
‘ ? ’
c o rre sp o n d i n g t e rm s o f t h e d ay : P o rt o r s h e r ry s i r Earl Fer ,

re rs w h o s h o t h i s v a l e t fo r s h o w i n g l a c k o f p rop e r re sp e c t
,
m i gh t ,

w i t h a d v a n t a ge h av e l o oke d b a c k t o t h e fo u n d e r o f h i s fa m i l y i n a

“
l e a t h e r ap ro n s h oe i n g t h e B a s t a rd s h o r s e b e fo re th e b at t l e o f
,
’

H a st i n g s .

T h e C h ambe rl ay n e s d e r i v e a l s o f ro m t h e ra c e o f mi n i st ral e s ,

o f wh o m B o y e t a n d M a l v ol i o a re t h e t y p e s p a c i n g b a c k wa rd m ak , ,

i n g l eg s k i s s i n g th e h a n d c ap l o we re d a n e t e rn a l s m i l e o n t h e fa c e
, , , ,

p ro u d o f t h e i r ch a i n o f o f fi c e t h a t w a s al so a b a d ge o f s e rv i t u d e ,
.

L o rd N ap i e r o f M a gd al a d e ri v e s h i s d e s c e n t fro m t h e fu n c t i o n a r y i n
c h a rge o f t h e n ap e ry sh e e t s p i l l o w c a s e s t ab l e l i n e n — th e m an w i t h
, ,
-

,
-

a t o we l ov e r h i s a rm l i k e th e m o d e rn ga rc o n o r k e l l n e r re a d y t o
, ,

w i p e h i s m a s t e r s fi n ge r s a ft e r h e h a d w a sh e d t h e m i n t h e e we r
’

h av i n g fi n i s h e d t e a ri n g h i s foo d w i t h h i s h a n d s A n d c o n s i d e r t h e .

‘ ’
fam i l y m o t to i m p l y i n g t h a t t h e ra c e w a s w i t h n a n a p e e r ! W h a t
,
- -

d ext e ri t y i n w i p i n g g rav i e d fi n ge rs a n d a d i rt y m o u t h i t m u s t h av e
d i s p l a y e d o r i n i ron i n g a n d fol d i n g b e d —
“
, l i n e n t h a t c o u l d b o a s t of ,

h av i n g n o e q u a l !
T h e E a rl o f M o rl e y i s a P a rk e r an d t h e o f fi c e o f t h e p a rk e r ,

w a s t o s e e to t h e p a l i n g s o f t h e s e i gn e u ri a l p a rk l e s t t h ey s h o u l d ,

ro t a n d al l o w th e d e e r t o b re ak fo rt h — t h e s a m e o f fi c e a s t h a t h e l d
b y t h e P al l i se rs .

A ft e r al l i t m a y b e t h o u gh t t h a t t h e m o re h on o rab l e a n c e s t ry
.

“
i s t h at o f a fre e b o rn h o n e s t i n d e p e n d e n t y e o m a n rat h e r t h a n t h a t
, , ,

of o n e o f t h e fl u n k e y s w h o c ap e re d a t t e n d a n c e o n t h e gre a t .

T h e O f fi c i al l i fe o f fe u d al t i m e s h a s l e ft i t s ex i st i n g re co rd i n
16 0 SURNA M E B O OK .

“
‘
A c h at o u r m i g h t e n t ak e ex am p l e A m o n g O xfo rd U n i v e r s i ty ac .
’

‘
c o un t s fo r 1459 m e n t i o n i s m a d e o f t h e c ato u rs
’

“
.

H i n d t h e m a n w h o l o ok e d a ft e r h i s m a s t e r s a f fa i rs i n t h e
,
’

h o m e fa rm H e n c e t h e s u rn a m e H y n d e a n d H y n e
-

“
. .

H u n t s m a n A s H u n t e r t h e n am e o f t h e o f fi c e re m a i n s a s u r
.
,

n a m e S h o rt e n e d al slo t o H u n t
. .

K n i gh t by n o m e a n s i n v a ri ab l y m e an s o n e w h o h a s re c e i v e d
kn i gh t h oo d A k n igh t i s a k n e c h t a s e rv a n t T h e s u rn a m e M i d
.
, .

n i gh t p e rh ap s m e a n s t h e m e a d —
, ,
e n i h t t h e m a n wh o p o u re d o u t t h e ,

mead

“
.

J a c k m a n a m a n at—a rm s i n a c o a t o f m a i l o r j a c k e t a n d w e a r
,
-
,

in g j a c k b oot s
-

“
.

M a r s h a l l o ri gi n al l y t h e h o r s e groom H e ro s e i n to c o n s i d e ra
,
-
.

t i on an d b e c om e a re gu l a to r o f c e re m o n i e s .

M i l l e r T h e m i l l b e l on ge d t o t h e l o rd o f th e m an o r a n d t h e

“
.
,

t e n a n t s w e re n o t a l l o we d t o gri n d t h e i r c o rn a t an y o th e r H e n c e .

M i l n e r a n d M i l w a rd ( A n gl o S axo n fo r a m i l l e r ) M i l l m an -
,
.

P a ge ; o f t h i s P a ge t i s t h e d i m i n u t i v e .

P a rk e r t h e o f f i c i a l i n c h a rge o f t h e d e e r p a rk H e n c e P a rk
,
-
.

m a n P a rk e s .

Po rte r t h e ga t e k e e p e r T h e fa m i l y o f Po rt e r o f S al t a s h i s o n e
,
.

“
of h e re d i t a r y ga t e k e e p e r s o f T re mat o n Ca s t l e T h e E n gl i s h O f .

Po rt e r i s D u rwa rd .

R an ge a ke ep e r r
,
.

Re v e fo r G e re fa T h e re we re re e v e s o f v a ri o u s k i n d s l ook i n g

“
.
, ,

a ft e r t h e m a n o ri al ri gh t s : \ V o o d k ee p e rs w h e n c e th e s u rn a m e s .

W oo d wa rd W o o d ro w a n d VV o o d ru f f
, , .

R i d e r T h e B a ro n s m a i n t a i n e d G e rm a n m e rc e n a ri e s a s h o r s e
.

m e n T h e se we re t h e Re i te r o r a s th e E n gl i s h c a l l e d t h e m R e u
.
'

, , ,

t e r s T h e y so o n h o we v e r c h a n ge d Re u te r i n to R i d e r an d R y d e r
.
.
,
.

‘
S e w e r i s s i m p l y a s e rv e r a w a i t e r T h e B ok e o f S e rv y n g e , .
’

‘
s a y s : T h e s e rv e r m u st s e rv e a n d f ro m t h e h o rd e c o nv e y al l m a n

“
,

n e r o f p ot t a ge s m e t e s a n d sa u c e s , A s a s u rn a m e i t h a s b e c o m e
, .
’

So u r an d S h o w e r .

‘
U s h e r fro m th e F r en c h h u i s s i e r
, T h e B ok e o f C u rt a sy e .
’

s ay s :
‘
U s h e r b e fo r e th e d o re
I n ou t e r c h a m b e r l i e s o n th e fl oo r .
’

“
W a r re n e r t h e o f fi c i a l i n c h a rge o f t h e w a rre n Co n t rac t e d t o
, .

VV arn e an d W a rre n .

S t e w a rt d e ri v e s fro m t h e c a st l e st e w a rd \V ard ro p e r i s n o w .

”
W a rd rop Fo re st e r i s Fo rre s t
. .
 XVII
.

TR A D E N A M E S—C O U N T R Y A N D T O W N
-
.

I t i s u n q u e s t i o n ab l y t ru e t h at t h e fi r s t m a n w a s a t i l l e r o f th e
’
s o i l E v e n w h i l e h e l i v e d i n t h e c a re f re e G a rd e n o f E d e n A d a m s
.
-
,

o c c u p a t i o n w a s t o t e n d t h e ga rd e n a n d d re s s i t \Vh e n th ro u gh .
.

h i s fa l l f ro m grac e h e w a s c a s t o u t o f t h e ga rd e 11 h i s oc c u p a t io n
, .

w a s p re s c ri b e d fo r h i m ; t h e gro u n d w a s c u r s e d fo r h i s sak e — i n to i l
s h o u l d h e e a t o f i t al l t h e d ay s o f h i s l i fe A n d f ro m A d a m s d ay t o .
’

o u r s m e n h a v e fo u gh t t h e t h i st l e a n d th e t h o rn ; i n t h e s we at o f

“
,

t h e i r b ro w h a v e t h e y e at e n b re a d ; t h e grou n d h a s y i e l d e d u p i t s
s t re n gt h o n l y t o c a re fu l l ab o r .

N o w i t w o u l d b e i n d e e d re m a rk ab l e i f a n oc c u p at i o n s o ge n e r
,

a l l y fo l l o w e d a s t h at o f so i l — c u l t u re — w i t h t h e m a ny a c c e s s o ry o c c u
p a t i o n s t h at w o u l d sp ri n g u p w i t h i t i n b o t h c ou n t ry a n d to w n

s h o u l d l e a v e n o i mp re s s i n t h e m a k i n g o f fa m i l y n a m e s O n th e
'

c o n t ra r y w e s h o u l d exp e c t t o fi n d i n o u r d i re c to ri e s m a n y n a m e s
,

d e ri v e d fro m t h e p u r s u i t s o f fa rm l ab o r f ro m t h e o c c u p a t i o n s o f t h e
ru s t i c v i l l a ge A n d o u r exp e c t a t i o n s m ay b e re a l i z e d A p p e a ri n g
. .

f re q u e n t l y a n d n u m e ro u s l y i n t h e re g i st e r s a re n am e s o f ru ra l d e
sc ent . I n d e e d t h o s e fa m i l y n a m e s a re a n i n te re s t i n g rev e l at i o n
,

o f t h e a rt l e s s s i m p l i c i t y t h e re t i re m e n t a n d t h e c a l m o f a n c i e n t

“
.

ru ra l l i fe T h e b oo k o f ru ral su rn ame s b e c o m e s i n d e e d an i n v al u
.
'
.

ab l e s o u rc e b oo k f o r t h e s t u d y o f t h e c u st o m s o f t h e c o u n t ry
-
.

I n t h e c o n s i d e rat i o n o f ru ra l s u rn a m e s l e t u s b e gi n t h e n w i t h .

t h e v e ry m e n w h o s e b u s i n e s s i t wa s to d ra w n o u ri s h m e n t f ro m t h e
so i l A fa rm w a s a n c i e n t l y a t ra c t o f l an d l e a s e d o u t fo r a gri c u l t u ra l
.

p u rp o s e s ; o r i t w a s t h e re n t i t s e l f p a i d i n p ro d u c t s f o r t h e u s e o f
l a n d ( c o m p a re L at i n fi rma fi rmu s) A fa rm e r w a s t h e n o n e w h o
, .

h i re d a n d c u l t i v a t e d a fa rm W e a l l kn o w t h e p op u l a rl y a c c e p t e d
.

m e a n i n g at t h e p re s e n t t i m e T h e fa rm e r to d ay m a y o w n h i s o w n
.

fa rm o r h e m ay re n t i t I n e i t h e r c a s e h o w e v e r t h e fa rm e r o f l on g
. . .

ag o l e ft h i s o c c u p at i v e n a m e a s t h e h e re d it a r y fa m i l y n a m e o f h i s
de scendants Fa rm e r i s n o t an u n c o m m o n s u rn a m e a n d i t h a s
.
,

many compound s .

I t m u s t b e a d d e d t h a t fa rm e r m e a n t a l s o o n e w h o p a i d a fi xe d
a n n u a l re n t fo r t h e p ri v i l e ge o f c ol l e c t i n g t ax e s c u st o m s exc i s e o r . . .

o t h e r d u t i e s o r re c e i v e d a c e rt a i n p e rc e n t age o f t h e s u m s c ol l e c t e d

“
.
.

N a t u ra l l y s o m e o f t h e Fa rm e r s i n o u r m i d s t m ay b e d e ri v e d f ro m
.

a n c e s t o rs w h o fa rm e d i n t h i s l a t t e r s e n s e .

T h e ga rd e n e r t oo i s a n i m p o rt a n t m a n i n t h e c o u n t ry d i st ri c t
. . .

H e w a s s o a ge s ag o A t fi r s t t h e ga rd e n m a y h a v e b e e n n o m o re
. .
16 2 SU RNA M E B O OK .

th a n a y a rd o r ,
—
a n e n c l o s u re ( c o m p a re t h e c ogn a t e A n gl o S axo n
I n t i m e h o w ev e r i t b e c a m e t h e p a rt i c u l a r p i e c e o f g ro u n d
g e a rd ) .
, ,

ap p rop r i at e d t o t h e c u l t i v at i o n of h e rb s fru i t s fl o w e r s o r v e g e , . ,

tab l e s T h e n t h e ke ep e r o f t h e ga rd e n — t h e ga rd e n e r w h o t e n d e d
.

i t— b e c a m e i m p o rta n t i n th e c om m u n i ty an d w a s d i s t i n gu i s h e d b y .

“
th e n a m e o f h i s oc c u p at i o n F ro m h i m th e n c a m e t h e n a m e s G a r d
. . ,

n e r G a rd i n e r a n d m a n y o th e r s
, ,
.

T h e fa rm e r o r t h e ga rd e n e r w a s h i m s e l f v e ry ge n e ral l y a p l o w
m an O ft e n h o w e v e r t h e re wa s o n e w h o s e s ol e o c c u p a t i o n w a s t o
.
, ,

p l o w H e w a s k n ow n a s t h e p l o w m a n a n d h a s g i v e n h i s o c c u p at i v e
.
,

n a m e t o a l o n g l i n e o f l a t e r P lo w m a n s Fol l o w i n g h a rd u p o n t h e .

p l o w m a n c a m e h e wh o s e d u ty i t w a s t o c l e a v e t h e f u rro w H i s
. .

w a s t h e l ab o r o f f i l l i n g t h e so i l h e n c e h e w a s c a l l e d t h e t i l l e r o r t i l l
, ,

“
m a n A n d f ro m h i m s p ru n g t h e T i l l e r s t h e Ti l l y e rs t h e T i l l m a n s
. . . ,

a n d al m o s t c o u n t l e s s o t h e r s n o w u n k n o wn t o agri c u l t u re . .

T h e l a t e r ag ri c u l t u ra l s e a so n c o n t ri b u t e d t o o t o th e m ak i n g , ,

o f s u rn a m e s A t t h e h a rv e s t c a m e t h e m o we r s a n d t h e c rop p e r s
.
, ,

w i t h t h e i r s c y th e s a n d th e i r s i c k l e s t o ga t h e r t h e ri p e n e d c rop s ,
.

M owe r C rop p e r M o w m an C rop m a n an d o th e r n o m i n a l fo rm s i n

, , . ,
'

o u r m o d e rn d i re c to ri e s t e s t i f y t o t h e i n fl u e n c e o f t h e s e e a rl y o c
.

c u p at i v e n a m e s A n d e q u a l l y i m p o rt an t w i t h th e m o we r s a n d t h e
.

c rop p e r s w e re t h e d i gge r s a n d th e d ra i n e r s T h e fi r st h av e l e ft u s
,
.

“
such name s a s Dyke r D icker Dykeman D ickman k ,
es a n d t h e
, , . ,

l a tt e r D ray n e r a n d D ray n e s .

T h u s w e m i gh t c o n t i n u e t o n a m e t h e sp e c i al l ab o rs o f fa rm
a n d ga rd e n an d sh o w h o w e ac h h a s c o n t ri b u t e d t o t h e fa m i l y re g
i st e r I t i s n o t n e c e s sa r y h o we v e r t o g o fu rt h e r i n t o d e t a i l I t
.
. . .

w i l l su f fi c e m e re l y to say t h at o u r H e d ge r s a n d H e d g e man s a re d e ’

ri v e d fro m a n c e st o r s w h o oc c u p i e d t h e m s e l v e s i n s e tt i n g u p th e
h e dge ro w s be t we e n ga rd e n s a n d fa rm s O u r M a rl e rs C l ay s Cl ay . . ,

e r s a n d C h al k e rs a re d e sc e n d e d fro m m e n wh o d e al t i n a rt i fi c i a l
f e rt i l i z e r s O u r A i k man s A c k e rm a n s a n d A k e rman s a re d e s c e n d e d
.
, .

f ro m fo re fa t h e r s w h o t i l l e d th e ac re — th e u n m e a s u re d l a n d o f op e n
“
t i l l a ge .

T u rn i n g a s i d e b u t a st e p i n to t h e o rc h a rd w e sh al l fi n d t h e re . ,

t oo so m e i n t e re s t i n g c o n t ri b u t i o n s T h e V i n e r s a n d V y n o u rs p re
. .

se rv e t h e n a m e o f t h e v i n e —d re s s e r s o c c u p a t i on a n d t h e fa c t t h at ’

th e v i n e d re s s e r w a s a l s o so m e t i m e s c a l l e d t h e w i n e t e r s u gge s t s th e
-

t h o u gh t t h at o u r \ V i n t e rs m ay i n so m e c a se s b e d e s c e n d e d fro m
so m e w h o d ea l t i n th e fru i t o f t h e v i n e T h e fa m i l y n a m e s A p e l .

y a rd .P e a c h m an P e rri man P e arsman P e rre r a n d t h e l i k e al so

. . . ,

t e s t i f y t o t h e i n fl u e n c e o f th e o rc h a rd A n d c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d u s u .
,

a l l y w i t h t h e o rc h a rd w as a n o t h e r i n d u s t ry c o m m o n a m o n g o u r
,

fo re fa t h e r s a s am o n g o u r s e l v e s I t wa s b e e c u l t u re ; a n d th e b e e .
-

k e e p e r h a s c o m e d ow n t o p o s t e ri ty i n s u c h fo rm s a s B e m an B e e ,

m an a n d B e a m a n
, .
 164 SURNAM E B O OK .

s u m e d i s t i n c t i v e s u rn a m e s w e s h o u l d exp e c t t h a t th e n a m e s o f
.

“
t h e s e e a rl y t ra d e s wo u l d b e p re se rv e d i n fa m i l y n a m e s A n d t h i s i s .

fo u n d t o b e re a l l y t h e c a s e .

N e a rl y a l l t h e h a b i ta t i o n s o f o u r ru ra l fo re fat h e rs w e re c o v e re d
w i t h t h a c k o r t h a t c h T h e m e n wh o se sp e c i al oc c u p at i o n i t w a s t o
.

p re p a re t h e t h a t c h a n d p l ac e i t i n p o s i t i o n w e re c a l l e d t h a c k e r s o r
thatchers F ro m th e m h av e d e sc e n d e d th e su rn a m e s T h ac k e r , .

“
.

T h at c h e r T h a c k e r y a n d T h a c ke ra y w i t h m an y o th e r v a ri at i on s i n
. , .

spel l in g .

S o m e t i m e s t h e t h a t c h e r w a s c a l l e d t h e re d e re o r re a d e r T h e n . .

wa s d eri v e d t h e m o d e rn s u rn am e R e a d e r w h i c h h a s n ot h i n g t o d o
.
.

wi t h b oo k s O r so m e t i m e s t h e ro o fe r w a s c a l l e d t h e h i l l i e r o r
.
,

h i l y e r d e ri v e d f ro m th e A n gl o S a xo n v e rb h e l a n t o c o n c e a l T h e n
,
-
. .

c am e i n to e x i st e n c e t h e s u rn a m e s H i l l y e r H i l l i e r H e l m a n a n d , . .

o th e r s o f d i f f e re n t s p e l l i n g O r so m e t i m e s a ga i n t h e a rt i s an wh o
. .
,

p l ac e d t h e p ro t e c t i 1 e c 0 1 e ri n g o 1 e r t h e h o u s e w a s c a l l e d t h e t y l e r
o r th e sh i n gl e r T h e n a ro s e t h e s u rn a m e s Ty l e r an d Sh i n gl e r t h e
. . .

l at t e r o f wh i c h i s n ow al l b i t t u n kn o w n H e re t o o m ay b e n am e d .
. .

“
th e S l a te r s a n d S l at t e r s s e l f e xp l an a t o r y w h o h av e t ak e n th e p l a c e
. .
-
.

o f t h e s h i n gl e r s .

T h e o t h e r p a rt s o f t h e o l d — t i m e d w e l l i n g h a v e a l so c o n t ri b u t e d
to th e m a k i n g o f fa m i l y n a m e s T h e m a son w h o d i d t h e s t on e .
'

wo rk a n d t h e b ri c k h a s b e en fo l l o we d by a l on g l i n e o f d e s c e n d a n t s
. .

A s a fa m i l y n a m e M a so n i s q u i t e c om m o n i n o u r re gi s t e r s S o a l so .

th e wo rk m a n w h o ra i s e d t h e w al l of t h e st ru c t u re l e ft h i s n a m e t o
‘

p o s t e ri t y H e w a s c a l l e d t h e wa l l e r ; a n d a s a fa m i l y n am e i t h as
.
,

b e e n m a d e i m m o rt a l by t h e p o e t E d m u n d \ Va l l e r A n d so a ga i n .
,

th e l i m e b u rn e r s t h e l at h e r s th e p l a st e re r s t h e p a i n t e r s t h e st a i n
. . . .

“
e r s a n d a l l t h e r e s t h a v e c o n t ri b u t e d t h e i r Sh a re i n p rov i d i n g d i s
. .

t i n c t i v e fa m i l y n a m e s fo r th e i r p o st e ri t v .

N ot on l y t h o s e wh o b u i l t t h e h o u se s h o we v e r b u t a l s o th o s e . .

wh o l iv e d i n th e m c on t ri b u t e d t o m ak i n g o f fa m i l y n a m e s T h e
. .

t i m e w h e n s u rn a m e s b e c a m e h e re d i t a r y w a s a t i m e wh e n t h e f re e
b o rn o f th e l a n d gu a rd e d t h e i r a n c e st ra l fre e d o m j e a l o u s l y F ro m .

th o s e t h e n t h a t h a d n ev e r b e e n e n c u m b e re d w i t h i rk som e se rv i
. .

t u d e h a v e c o m e F re e F re e m a n F r y s F r y e a n d o th e r fo rm s a s
. . . . .

fa m i l y n a m e s 111 l i ke m a n n e r t h e fre e l an d e d p rop ri e t a r y fa rm e r

.
. . .

‘
wa s a fran k l y n ( c om p a re l o w La t i n f ran c u s fre e ) F ro m h i m h a v e .
’
.

c o m e t h e n o b l e F ran k l i n s a n d F ra n kl y n s o f m o d e rn h i s to r y T h o s e .

w h o w e re i n s e r 1 i c e t o m a st e r s w e re on t h e o t h e r h a n d b ra n d e d b y . .

d e sc ri p t i 1 e n a m e s b e t ok e n i n g t h a t se r1 1t u d e T h u s t h e re o c c u r i n .

t h e fam i l y re gi st e rs s u c h n am e s a s B on d a n d B o n d e s t h o u gh t h e .

fa m i l i e s w h o b e a r th e m n o w a re fa r f ro m b e i n g s e rf s O th e r n a m e s .
.

“
al s o l i k e S wa i m a n d H i n e s ( f ro m i n d i c a t e e arl y m e n i al
'

c o n d i t i o n s o f l i fe .

E v e n th ou gh a m an w e re a f re e m a n h ow e v e r h i s s t a t i on i n . .
 T RA D E NA M E S — C O U N T R Y A N D TO \ V N
-
. 16 5

l i fe b e i t h i gh o r l o w m i gh t d e t e rm i n e t h e h e re d i ta ry fa m i l y n a m e
, .

t o b e b e s t o w e d u p o n h i s p o s t e ri ty T h u s i f a m a n w e re h u m b l e i n . .

s t a t io n a n d p o o r t h o u gh fre e — l i k e t h e c ot t er i n B u rn s i m m o rta l
.
’

p o e m — h e m i gh t b e n a m e d fro m th e u n p re t e n t i o u s d we l l i n g i n
w h i c h h e l i v e d T o h i s c o n t e m p o ra ri e s a n d e v e n aft e r t h e s u c c e e d
.
.

i n g ge n e ra t i o n s l i e w o u l d b e Co t t e r o r C o t m a n o r Co t te re l o r
. . . ,

C o t t re l l A n d a s t h e i n m a t e o f t h e h u m b l e c o tt age m i gh t i n h e ri t a
.

“
s o b ri q u e t f ro m h i s d we l l i n g p l ac e so t h e o wn e r o f th e l o rd l y m an o r -
.

m i gh t d e ri v e o n e fro m h i s .

\Vi t h a fe w m o re n ot i c e s n o w w e may c o n c l u d e t h i s b ri e f d i s .

c u ssi o n o f th e s u rn a m e s d e ri v e d fro m t h e c o n d i t i on s o f c o u n t ry l i fe .

T h e fa rm e r w h o ra i s e d g ra i n d i d n o t v e r y o ft e n o w n a m i l l T o .

c o n v e rt th e gra i n i n t o m e a l h e h a u l e d i t t o t h e c o u n t ry m i l l o r . .

m i l n e s ta n d i n g o n t h e b ri n k o f t h e l i t t l e b roo k T h e re t h e w h i t e
. .

p o w d e re d m i l l e r re c e i v e d i t a n d f o r a s a t i s fac t o r y c o m m i s s i o n .
,

t ra n s fo rm e d t h e y e l l o w k e rn e l s i n to l i g h t p o w d e r y fl o u r F ro m t h e . .

’
m i l l e r s o c c u p a t i o n t o o h a 1 e co m e m a n y h o n o rab l e fa m i l y n a m e s
, . .

“
M i l n e M i l l e r M i l n e r M i l l s M i l l e r M i l m an M i l w a rd a n d a h o s t
. . . .
, . .

o f o t h e r s d e c l a re t h e w o rt h i n e s s o f th e m i l l e r s o c c u p a t i o n
’
. .

S o m e t i m e s t h e fa rm e r s u f f e re d m i s h ap s H i s h e a v i l y l o a d e d .

w a go n s l i d w i t h a j o l t i n to a d u s t fi l l e d h o l e i n t h e ro a d an d t h e -
,

a xl e w a s sn ap t o r t h e w h e e l w a s c r u s h e d T h e n t h e fa rm e r wa s
, .

c o m p e l l e d t o u n l o a d h i s w a go n a n d d rag i t t o t h e c o u n t ry s m i t h y .
.

T h e re w a s t h e b l a c k s m i th w i t h b ra w n y a rm t h e re t oo wa s th e
m
. , . .

‘ ’
w ri gh t w h o k n e w h o w t o re p a i r t h e b ro k e n w h e e l
. A n d fro .

t h e s e h a 1 e d e s c e n d e d t h o u s a n d s o f S m i th s W ri gh t s C a rtw ri gh t s . . ,

a n d o t h e r s w h o n o w k n o w n o m o re ab o u t t h e a n c e s t ral o c c u p a t i o n
.

“
t h a n d i d t h e h e l p l e s s fa rm e r w h o b ro u gh t h i s b ro k e n w ago n t o t h e
fi r s t o f t h e i r s u rn a m e d ra c e .

M a n y o t h e r s t h e re a re to o w h o n o w h av e fo rgott e n wh a t th e i r . .

a n c e s to r s w e re T h e d i s t i n gu i s h e d na m e o f VV ag n e r f 0 r e xa m p l e
. .
.
,

do e s n o t o r d i n a ri l y re c a l l o n e w h o ga i n e d a n h o n o rab l e l i v e l i h oo d
a s a wa go n e r T h e l a t t e r fo rm \ V ag o n e r re v e a l s i t s o ri gi n c l e a rl y
.
. .
.

T h e n a m e s Ch a rt e r Ca rt e r a n d C a rm a n ( n o w b e i n g m a d e a t l e a s t
.

a l m o s t g re a t b y t h e A me r1c an p o e t B l i s s C a rm a n ) d o n o t e a s i l y
, .

d i sc l o s e t h e fa c t t h a t th e o ri gi n a l b e a re r w a s a h u m b l e d ri v e r o f a
c a r t A n d D ri v e r a n a m e m a d e wo rl d re n o wn e d b y o n e o f t h e
.
.

gre a t e s t m o d e rn B i b l e s t u d e n t s t e l l s i t s o w n t a l e o f o n e w h o ro d e .

b e h i n d t h e h o rs e T h e h o rs e t o o h a s a i d e d i n t h e m a k i n g o f fa m i ly
.
-

. .

n a m e s F ro m th e sp u r a n d t h e b i t w i t h wh i c h l i e w a s d ri v e n a re
.

d e r i v e d Sp o ri e s a n d L o ri m e r ; f ro m th e s a d d l e i n w h i c h 11 e c a rri e d
h i s m a s te r t h e n a m e S a d d l e r S ad d e l e r an d S e l l e r wh i l e f ro m t h e
, . . .

’
oc c u p a t i v e n a m e s o f t h o s e w h o fi tt e d th e i ro n s h o e t o th e h o rs e s
fo o t a re d e ri v e d th e n a m e s M a r s h a l l Fe rri e r a n d Fe rre r A n d t h e
. .
, .

h o s t o f t h e a n c i e n t i n n w h o e n t e rt a i n e d b o t h h o r s e a n d m a n h as
. .

gi v e n u s th e c o m m o n n a m e s O s t l e r O s l e r a n d ot h e rs .
.
16 6 SU RNA M E B O O K .

I
M a n y ot h e r n a m e s t h e re a re o f c o u r se d e ri v e d f ro m th e d a i l y
, ,

o c c up at i on s o f c o u n t r y l i fe W e m i gh t c o n s i d e r t h e o l d m a rk e t
.

‘ ‘
p l a c e ( th e c h e ap i n g o r c h i p p i n g p l a c e ) fro m w h i c h h av e c o m e
,
’ ’

,
"

t h e n a m e s Ch ap m a n an d C h i p m a n W e m i gh t c o n s i d e r t h e p rac t i c e
.

o f e m p l o y i n g a k i n d o f v i l l a ge c o m m i s s i o n e r wh o m a d e p u rc h a s e s
-

i n th e t ow n f o r th e goo d w i v e s of th e c ou n t ry F ro m h i m w e d e r i v e .

t h e n a m e s P a c k m an an d P ax m an O r w e m i gh t c o n s i d e r t h e i n
,
.

i m i t ab l e c o u n t ry fa i r fro m w h i c h h av e b e e n d e ri v e d a m u l t i t u d e o f
,

p op u l a r n am e s B u t e n o u gh h a s u n d o u b t e d l y b e e n s a i d t o S h o w t h e
.

i m p o rt an c e o f th e c o u n t r y an d i t s o c c u p at i o n s a s c o n t ri b u to r s t o
fa m i l y n a m e s W e m ay p a s s O 11 n o w t o a b ri e f c o n s i d e ra t i o n of t h e
.

o c c u p a t i on s o f th e t o wn .

I n t h e m i d d l e age s a l l O 1 e r E u ro p e p e op l e w ho e n gage d i n
t ra d e s oc c u p i e d a v e ry re sp e c t a b l e a n d re s p o n s i b l e p o s i t i o n i n so
c i e ty . E sp e c i a l l y w a s t h i s t ru e i n G re a t B ri t a i n a n d a m on g t h e
G e rm an i c p e op l e T h e t ra d e s u n i t e d t oge t h e r i n gu i l d s m u c h i n
.

t h e s a m e w ay a s w e h av e t ra d e s u n i o n s a m o n g s t u s t o d ay T h e re .

we re gu i l d s o f t a i l o r s o f h ab e rd a sh e r s o f s h o e m a k e r s o f c o rd w a i n
, , ,

e r s o f c a rp e n t e r s o f c a rt w ri gh t s an d c ob bl e r s T h e C l a rk s an d th e
, , .

C o op e r s t h e T u rn e r s a n d t h e S e xt on s a l l we re b o u n d u p i n t o s e p
,

a rat e gu i l d s S o p o w e rfu l d i d t h e s e gu i l d s b e c o m e t h a t e v e n
.

th e m u s i c i a n s o r m i n s t re l s t h e p a i n t e r s a n d a rc h i t e c t s j o i n e d t o
. ,

e a c h ot h e r i n s e p a ra t e gu i l d s a n d fi n al l y b e c a m e so a ggre s s i v e
.

t h at t h e y d i c t at e d t h e p o l i c y o f th e re i gn i n g fa m i l i e s t h ro u gh t h e i r
re p re s e n t at i v e s T h e G u i l d H a l l i n I on d o n to d a y i s o n e O f t h e
.

m o s t a n c i e n t a n d e l ab o ra t e p u b l i c b u i l d i n g s i n t h a t gre a t c i ty .

T h e s e gu i l d s e ac h t ook g re a t p ri d e i n t h e p ro d u c t s o f th e gu i l d .

T h e c o u n c i l e xa m i n e d S p e c i m e n s o f w o rk m a n s h i p p a s se d u p o n th e .

q u a l i fi c a t i on s n e c e s s a ry fo r ap p re n t i c e s w h o a sp i re d t o b e c o m e m a s
te rs a n d i n sh o rt fo rm u l a t e d ru l e s o f c o n d u c t an d by l a w s t o go v e rn
.
-

th e b o d y .

T h e s e gu i l d s h e l d gre at fe a s t s an d h a d p u b l i c d a y s wh e n t h e i r
p a ge an t s p a s s e d th ro u gh t h e s t re e t s o f t h e t o wn o r c i t y i n b ri l l i a n t
a r ray .

T h e gu i l d s f re q u e n t l y s e n t a n ap p re n t i c e w h o h a d c o m p l e t e d
h i s c o u r s e o u t u p o n h i s t ra v e l s b o th i n h i s o w n c o u n t ry a n d i n f o r
, ,

ei g n l a n d s L e t t e r s o f i n t ro d u c t i o n wo u l d b e gi v e n h i m t o fe l l o w
.

gu i l d s i n o t h e r co u n t ri e s t h u s op e n i n g t h e d oo r fo r h i m i n t o h i s o w n
,

c l a s s o f s o c i e ty w h e re h e t rav e l e d .

A s i n gul a r fe a t u re o f t h e s e gu i l d s wa s t h e i r c h o i c e o f t o t e m s o r
e m b l e m s w h i c h re p re se n t e d t h e gu i l d T h e s y m b o l o f t h e t ra d e .

wo u l d b e s u r ro u n d e d by a w re at h a n d p l a c e d u p o n a b an n e r I f .

th e y h a d a c ro w n ab ov e t h e e m b l e m i t s i gn i fi e d t h e h i gh e st e e m i n
w h i c h t h e w o rke r s h e l d t h e i r o w n t ra d e T h e m e m b e r s c o n s i d e re d .

t h e m s e l v e s e n n ob l e d by t h e i r t o i l a n d th at t h e y m e ri t e d a c o ro n e t
a s t ru l y a s d o e s an y b a ro n o r e a rl 111 t h e i r an n u a l fe s t i v i t i e s e a c h
.

t ra d e m a rc h e d i n i t s o w n p a rt i c u l a r gu i l d b e a ri n g i t s b an n e r al o ft
‘
,
16 8 SURNAM E B O OK .

A n d L y n Ly n n L y n e r
. . ,
an d so m e o th e r fo rm s — fro m l i n
or l i n e
‘ ’ ‘
,
’

“
‘
fl ax a s i n l i i i Se e d — a re al s o n o t w h o l l y u n k n o w n a s E n gl i s h s u r
.
’

name s .

T h e m a n u fa c t u re o f l e a t h e r a l s o w a s p ro d u c t i v e o f n o t a fe w , .

c ogn o m e n s S k i n n e r n e e d s l i t t l e o r n o e xp l a n a t i o n ; h i s oc c u p a t i o n
.
.

wa s o f fi r s t i m p o rt a n c e T a n n e r t o o n e e d s n o exp l a n at i o n ; h e w ho
.
. .

fi r s t b o re t h a t n a m e c o u l d i l l b e S p a re d fro m th e a n c i e n t t a n y a rd .

B a rk e r m a y n ot b e n e a rl y so s e l f e xp l a n a to ry ; y e t i t too re v e a l s -

, ,

h o w i m p o rt an t wa s th e p re p a ra t i o n o f b a rk i n t h e t a n n i n g o f l e at h e r .

‘
Th e v e rb t a w m e a n t t o d re s s o r p re p a re ( A n gl o S axo n
’
-

‘
a n d f ro m th e o c c u p at i o n o f t h o s e w h o t aw e d a n d wh i t e n e d t h e ’

l i gh t goa t a n d k i d sk i n s p re p a ri n g th e m f o r t h e gl ov e r c o m e , .

t h e n am e s Ta w v e r a n d VV h i t e aw y e r wh i c h h a s b e e n m od e rn i z e d
. .

i n to th e fo rm s VV h i tt ear a n d W h i t t i e r T h u s d i d t h re e o f t h e m o s t .

i m p o rta n t m an u fa c t u ri n g i n d u s t ri e s o f ol d e n t i m e s h e l p to d e t r e

m i n e th e d i s t i n c t i v e fa m i l y n a m e s o f l a t e r ge n e ra t i o n s .

‘
L e t u s n o w c o n s i d e r a fe w s u rn a m e s t h a t t o w n s fol k a s s um e d
fro m a rt i c l e s o f ap p a re l t h a t th e y p re p a re d W h e n fa m i l y n a m e s .

b e ga n fi r s t t o b e a s s u m e d m e n a s w e l l a s wo m e n d e c o ra t e d th e i r .

h e a d ge a r w i t h p l u m e s a n d fe a th e r s o f m an y k i n d s H e wh ose .

s p e c i a l oc c u p at i on i t w a s to p re p a re th e p l u m e s wa s c al l e d th e .

p l u m e r ; l i e h a s gi v e n t o p o s t e ri t y th e n a m e s Pl u m e r P l u m m e r a n d .

Pl o m e r Cl o th e s h av e b e e n wo rn s i n c e th e fi rs t a p ron s w e re m a d e
.

i n th e G a rd e n a n d l i e w h o h a s m a d e t h e m h a s b e e n c al l e d th e t a i l o r
.
.

F ro m h i m a re d e ri v e d t h e n a m e s T a i l o r a n d T ay l o r w i t h m an y m o d ,
‘
i fi e d fo rm s o f s p e l l i n g T h e bo re f o l k O f o l d c o n s t i t u t e d t h e ’
.

p oo re r c l a s s e s o f s oc i e t y an d w e re s o c a l l e d b e c a u s e t h e y wo re a
.

‘ ’
ki n d o f c h e ap b ro w n c l o t h b u t e v e rl a s t i n g T h e m ak i n g o f b u re l
. . . .

’
c l o t h b e c a m e a n i m p o rt a n t i n d u s t ry Fro m t h e m a n u fa c t u re r s o c .

c u p at io n — o r fro m t h e b o re l fol k th e m se l v e s — h av e c o m e th e s u r -

n a m e s B u rre l l B o re l l F ro m t h e foo t ge a r t o o w e m ay d e ri v e so m e
. .
-
. .

‘ ’
i n t e re s t i n g n a m e s Th u s t h e o l d n a m e f o r th e c o b b l e r w a s s o u t e r
.
.

‘ ’
o r so w t e re F ro m h i s i n d i sp e n s ab l e th o u gh h u m b l e o c c u p a t i o n
.
. .

h a v e c o m e s u c h n a m e s a s S o u t e r S o w t e r S u te r a n d e v e n S u i to r . . . .

‘ ‘ ’
Th e s ou te r wa s al so s o m e t i m e s c al l e d a c o rd e w an e r o r c o rd y
’
n a re b e c a us e t h e go at s k i n l e at h e r h e u s e d w a s s u p p o s e d to c o m e
.

fro m Co rd o v a S p a i n A gai n ; th e n w e d e ri v e w e l l k n ow n fa m i l y
. . .
-

’
n a m e s fro m t h e sh o e m a ke r s t ra d e : Co rd i n e r Co d n e r a n d s om e . .

o th e r s O n e m o re n a m e d e ri v e d fro m foo t ge a r a n d w e m ay pa s s 0 11 :
.

‘ ’
A p at te n wa s a k i n d o f c l o g w i t h a w oo d e n so l e ri m m e d w i th i ro n .

( d e ri v e d fro m t h e F re n c h Pa t t e n m ak e r s w e re c o m m o n -

“
,

a n d fro m th e m h av e s p ru n g u n d o u b t e d l y t h e Pa tt e n s a n d t h e P at
t e n e rs o f m o d e rn t i m e s .

S o m u c h fo r t h e o u t e r m a n — n ot t h a t w e h av e fi n i s h e d h i m f o r ,

w e h a v e n o t b u t t h a t s p ac e fo rb i d s o u r d we l l i n g l on ge r o n t h e o u t
'

s i d e W e m i gh t w e l l c o n s i d e r h o w L a v e n d e r L a n d e r a n d L a n d o r
.
, .
,
 T RA D E N A M E S — C O U N T RY A N D TO \ V N
- I
. 16 9

a re d e ri v e d f ro m t h e l a u n d e re r s oc c u p a t i o n ; an d h o w S ta rk ’
.

'
’
S t a rk e r a n d S t a rk m a n a re d eri v e d fro m t h e s t a rc h e r s d u ty W e
, .

m i gh t w e l l c o n s i d e r a h u n d re d o th e r n a m e s d e ri v e d fro m oc c up a
—
t i on s t h a t c a re fo r o u t e r m a n b u t th e i n n e r m a n i s c a l l i n g A n d .

fi r s t w e n o t i c e — a s wo u l d u n d o u b t e d l y t h e ru s t i c v i s i to r wa n d e ri n g
a m on g t h e s h o p s o f th e to w n s m e n —th e an c i e n t b a ke ry T h e b ak e r .

w a s a u s e fu l a n e c e s s a ry m an F ro m h i m h a s re c e i v e d e n d u ri n g l i fe
, .

t h e c o m m o n n a m e B ak e r ; a n d f ro m h i s w i fe o r f ro m t h e wo m a n .

w h o wo rk e d i n th e b ak e s h o p fo r h i m h a v e c o m e th e n a m e s B ag st e r .

a n d B axt e r ( fe m i n i n e S o m e t i m e s t h e b ak e r w a s c al l e d
.
‘ ’
b y th e F re n c h n a m e b o u l a n ge r T h e n th e i n h e ri t an c e o f h i s p o s
.

‘
f e ri t y w a s th e c ogn o m e n B o l l i n ge r o r B u l l i n ge r o r t h e n o w w e l l . ,

k n o w n B a l l i n ge r C l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d to o w i t h t h e b ak e r w a s th e
. . ,

t e n d e r o f t h e fu rn a c e H i s re p re s e n t at i v e s w e k n o w t o d a y b y t h e
.

n a m e o f F u rn e r A n d n o t fa r re m o v e d fro m t h e b ak e r w a s t h e c o o k
. .

C o o k Co k e m a n Co o k s o n a n d n u m e ro u s o t h e r fo rm s a re s u rn a m e s
, , , .

s t i l l i n go o d re p u t e t h o u gh v e ry fe w b e a re r s o f t h e m c o u l d i n t i m e
,

o f n e c e s s i t y p re p a re a p a l a t ab l e m e al S o a l s o t h e B u tc h e rs th e .
,

“
B u c h e re s a n d t h e S l a u gh t e r s o f t o d ay k n o w l i tt l e o f th e o c c u p a t i o n ,

o f t h e i r fo re b e a r s .

A ft e r t h e t h i n g s t o e a t c o m e t h e t h i n gs w i t h w h i c h t o e a t .

F i n ge r s w e a re t ol d fa c e t i o u s l y w e re m a d e b e fo re fo rk s ; y e t c u t
‘

. .

l e ry o f v a ri o u s k i n d s w a s m a n u fac t u re d m a n y y e a r s ago F ro m t h e .

m a nu fa c t u re o f c u t l e ry i t s e l f h a s c o m e t h e fa m i l y n a m e C u t l e r ‘

F u rt h e r b a c k e v e n t h a n t h e d a y o f th e c u t l e r h o we v e r l i v e d t h e . ,

spoon e r H i s re p re s e n ta t i v e s b e a r t h e n a m e S p o o n e r An d so
t h ro u gh t h e l i s t o f t ab l e w e a r— e a c h a rt i c l e h a s g i y en a n a m
. .

“
-
e to th e
re gi s t e r .

B u t m e d i e v a l m a n n o m o re t h a n m o d e rn m a n too k s o l i d
fo o d a l o n e W e h av e a l re a d y m a d e n o t e o f th e V i n e r s a n d t h e
.

W i n t e rs T h e j u i c e o f t h e v i n e fru i t w a s k n o w n a s e a rl y a s th e d ay s
.
-

of Noah P e rh ap s o t h e r a rt i fi c i a l b e v e rage s w e re n o t k n o w n s o
.

e a rl y ; b u t c e rt a i n l y b re w i n g wa s a c o m m o n o c c u p a t i o n d u r i n g t h e
m i dd l e age s T h e b re w e r w a s a m a n o f n ot e t oo ; a n d l i k e o th e r
. .

t ra d e s m e n h e h a s l e ft h i s m a rk i n h i s s u rn a m e B re we r H i s w i fe
. . .

al s o o r t h e fe m a l e b re w e r h a s c o n t ri b u t e d B re w s t e r A n d fro m
.
,
.

t h e N o rm a n e q u i v a l e n t c o m e s th e s u rn a m e B ra c e r M a l t e r to o a n d

“
.
. .

M al st e r a s w e l l a s T a p p e r and Ta p s t e r t e s t i fy to a l l t oo l i b e ra l u s e
. .

o f t h e p ro d u c t s o f t h e b re w _ .

A ga i n w e m ay p as s i n rap i d re v i e w a n u m b e r o f o l d t i m e o c c u -

p at i o n s th a t l i v e i n m o d e rn n a m e s F i r s t w e m ay c o n s i d e r t h e m ak .

i n g o f u t e n s i l s T h e s h a p e r o f b ow l s a s a b o w l e r H i s fa m i l y n a m e
. .

bec am e B owl e r Th e m ake r of c up s wa s a c uppe r H i s de scen dan ts

. .

m a y b e C op p e r o r Co wp e r T h e t u rn e r o f woo d e n wa re a s s u m e d .

t h e n a m e T u rn e r T h e m a ke r o f e a rthen wa re wa s c a l l e d C roc k e r
. .

o r C ro k e r o r P o t te r
. T h e wo rk e r i n b ra s s w a s c a l l e d B ra z i e r o r
.
 SURNAM E B O O K .

B ra sh i e r ; t h e wo rk e r i n b ro n z e wa s c al l e d L ato n e r ; w h i l e t h e
wo rk e r i n h o rn w a s c al l e d H o rn e r A l l t h e s e are su rn ame s s t i l l t o
’

b e fo u n d i n m o d e rn d i re c to ri e s T h e s u rn a m e s B a r re l l a n d H oop e r .

‘
exp l a i n th e m se l v e s ; b u t L i p m a n i s n o t s o c l e a r A l e ap w a s a .
’

k i n d o f b a s k e t o f st ron g fl e x i b l e m at e ri a l s ( c o m p a re t h e N o rwe gi an,

A l e ap e r o r l e ap man w a s t h e n a m a ke r o f s u c h a b a sk e t
, , .

T h e b a rb e r o f o l d e n t i m e s w a s al l t h a t a b a rb e r i s t o d ay c o u p l e d ,

w i th th e o c c u p at i o n o f th e s u rge on H e i s t h e fa t h e r o f t h e B a rb e r s .
,

th e B arbo rs t h e B a rb o u r s a n d B arbars o f u n re l a t e d o c c u p at i o n s

“
. .
, .

Fi n al l y t h e c h an d l e r w a s t h e c a n d l e m ak e r F ro m h i m h av e s p ru n g
, .

th e a ri s t o c ra t i c Ch a n d l e r s a n d S h au n d l e rs o f o u r w e l l l i gh t e d t i m e -
.

T h u s d o w e s e e h o w o c c u p a t i o n s o f e v e ry k i n d — b o t h i n c o u n
t y
r an d i n t o wn — h a v e b e e n d ra w n u p o n t o fu rn i s h d i st i n c t i v e s u r
n a m e s fo r m a n A n d t h e re a re m o re o c c u p a t i o n s u n n a m e d th a n h e re
.

a re n a m e d T i m e an d sp a c e w i l l p e rm i t n o m o re E n o u gh h o w e v e r
. .
, .

’
h a s b e e n s a i d t o s h o w h o w a m a n s fa m i l y h i s t o ry a n d t h e fa m i l y s ’

e arl y s t at i o n i n l i fe may o ft e n b e re v e a l e d i n h i s n a m e T h e f o l
. .

l o w i n g o f t h e ge n e a l ogi c al c o n n e c t i o n o f a n oc c u p at i v e s u rn a m e
b ac k t o h i m w h o fi rs t b o re th e n a m e o u gh t n o t t o b e ve ry d i f fi c u l t . .

S o m e t i m e s h o w e v e r i t h a p p e n s t h a t t h e son s a d op t e d oc c u p a ti on s
. .

d i f f e re n t fro m th a t o f t h e fa t h e r b e fo re t h e fa th e r s a gn o m e n b e c a m e ’

fix e d a n d h e re d i ta ry T h e n w e h a v e re c o u r se t o t h e m e t h o d o f e a rl y
.

p at ro n y m i c s o r to th e m e t h o d o f e a rl y l o c a t i v e n a m e s B y m e a n s
. .

”
o f o n e o r th e o th e r t h e t ru e an c e s to r c a n u su al l v b e d e t e rm i n e d .

“
V Vi d t so e
).

F ro m B a ri n g Go u l d : -

A d a m a ga o l e r ( Com e d y o f E rro r s I V i i i )
. ,
. .

A rc h e r a b o w m a n E v e r y t o wn e v e ry v i l l age h a d i t s a rc h e r
,
.
, ,
.

A n d th e B u t t s w e re o u t s i d e t h e t o w n fo r c om m o n p ra c t i c e T h e .

B u t t s a s w e l l a s th e A rc h e r h av e p rov i d e d fam i l y n a m e s .

B ak e r T h e fe m i n i n e fo rm o f B ag st e r o r B ax t e r T h e F re n c h

“
. .

B o u l a n ge r fu rn i s h e s th e s u rn a m e B u l l i n ge r a n d P u l l i n g e r T h e .

F re n c h wo r d Fo u rn i e r h a s a l so fu rn i s h e d t h e n a m e Fu rn e r .

B an i s t e r t h e k e e p e r o f t h e b a th ; fro m th e F re n c h b a i n
,
.

B a rb e r T i l l t h e y e a r 1745 e v e ry s u rge o n w a s a m e m b e r o f th e
.

B a rb e r s Co m p a n y T h e s u rn a m e S u rge o n i s n o t o ft e n m e t w i t h
’
.
,

b u t t h a t o f B a rb e r i s v e r y c o m m o n .

B l a ck s m i th T h i s t ra d e h a s c on s t i t u t e d th e s u rn am e B l a c k a n d
.

Sm i th S m y t h e S me v t S m i j t h a s w e l l a s F ab e r Fab ri c i u s Fe rri e r
, . . . . ,

Fe rre r s Fe rvo u r Fe a ron

. , .

Ca i rd a t i n k e r
. .

Ca rp e n t e r n e e d s n o exp l a n a t i o n .

Ca rt w ri gh t m ak e r o f c a rt s , .

C h an d l e r c an d l e m a ke r ,
-
.

Ch ap m an a t rav e l i n g m e rc h a n t Ch e ap J ac k t ak e s h i s n a m e
. .
-

fro m th e wo rd so d o e s C h e a ps i d e . .
 172 SURNAM E B O O K .

Gol d s m i t h s ,
B ro w n s mi t h s B l a c k s m i th s A rro w s m i th s Sp e arsmi t h s
. . .

N ai l smi t h s etc ,
.

Sp oo n e r m ak e r o f s p o o n s i n w oo d a n d h o rn
. .

S t e y n e r th e m ak e r o f st e e n e s o r s t o n e j a r s o u t o f w h i t e c l a y
. . , .

T h e s u rn a m e re m a i n s a s Ste y n e r o r S t ay n e r .

T a y l o r v a ri o u s l y sp e l l e d a s a s u rn a m e i n t h e v a i n h o p e to d i s
. .

gu i s e i t s h u m b l e a n d so m e wh a t d e sp i s e d o ri gi n .

T ap i s e r a t ap e st r y w o rk e r c o n t ra c t e d t o T ap s t e r
. . .

T u rn e r s p e l l e d a s a s u rn a m e a l so T u rn o u r
. .

Ty l e r t i l e m ak e r ; so m e t i m e s T i t t l e r
. .

“
W a l ke r C l ot h b e fo re t h e i n t ro d u c t i o n o f t h e ro l l e r h a d t o b e
.

t ro d d e n u n d e rfo ot O n VV y c l i f f e s v e r s i o n o f t h e t ran sfi g u rat i o n 11 e

.
’

d e sc ri b e s C h ri s t s ra i m e n t a s s h i n i n g so a s n o fu l l e r s o r w al k e r s o f
’

”
c l o t h c o u l d wh i t e n .

W av te a w at c h m a n ( O l d F re n c h gu e t
. h e n c e th e s u rn a m e .

W a d e Ga t e s Y at e s a n d V ak e man
.
V
. . .

W e av e r c a m e a s VV e bbe r \ V e bst e r . .

W h i t t i e r a w h i t e Ta w i e r ; on e w h o p re p a re s t h e fi n e r s k i n s fo r
.

gl ov e s .

T h e fo l l o w i n g a m u s i n g an d q u a i n t p l ay o n s u rn a m e s i s e n t i t l e d
W e s l e y a n VV o rt h i e s o r M i n i s t e ri a l M i s n o m e r s .

‘
I f u n i o n i s s t re n gth o r i f a u gh t s i n a n a m e .
’ ’
.

T h e W e s l e y a n Con n e x i o n i m p o rt a n c e may c l a i m :

F o r w h e re i s an o th e r— o r Ch u rc h o r c o m m u n i o n .

T h a t e q u a l s th e fo l l o w i n g p a st o ri al u n i o n
A D e a n a n d a D e a k i n a N o bl e a S q u i re , . .

A I1 O f fi c e r Co n s tab l e S a rge a n t a n d C r y e r
. . . ,

A Co l l i e r a Ca rt e r a T u rn e r a T a y l e r
. , . ,

A B a rb e r a B ak e r a M i l l e r a N a y l o r
. . . .

A W al k e r a W h e e l e r a W a l l e r a R i d d l e r
. . . .

A F i s h e r a S l a te r a H a rp e r a F i d l e r
. . . .

A P i n d e r a P al m e r a S h e p h e rd a C ro ok
. , , .

A S m i t h an d a M a S o n a Ca rv e r a n d Co o k ;
. . .

A n A b b o tt a n U s h e r a B at c h e l e r G ay
,
.
.

A M a rs h a l l a S t e w a rd a K n i gh t an d a D ay
. . . .

A M ey e r a n A l d e m a n n B u rge s s a n d W a rd
,
-
.
, .

A W i s e m an a T ru e m a n a Fre e m a n a G u a rd
. . . .

A B ow m an a Ch e e se m a n a C o l m a n w i t h S l a c k
. . . ,

A B ri tt e n a S a v age a W h i t e a n d a B l ac k
. . , .

F re n c h E n gl i s h a n d S c o t t s — N o rt h S o u t h e rn e a n d W e s t
.
. .

M e e k M oo d y a n d M e y s e y \Vi l d e G i d d y a n d B e st
B ro w ii H a rd y a n d I ro n s i d e s M an l y a n d S t ro n g
, , . . . ,

. . . . .

L o w e L i t tl e an d Tal bo y s F ra n k P re t t y a n d Yo u n g
. . . . . .

W i th G a rre t t s an d C h am b e r s H a l l s T e m p l e a n d F l O w e i s
. . . .
 T RA D E N A M E S — C O U N T RY A N D TO \ V N
-
. 173

G ro v e s B ook s B a n k s a n d L o v e l l s P a rk s O rc h a rd s an d B o we r s
, , , , , , ,

W oo d s 1V arre n s an d B u r ro w s C lo u gh s M a r s h e s a n d M o s s
. . , , , ,

A V i n e a n d a G a rn e r a C ro z i e r a n d C ro s s ;
'

, , ,

F u rz H e d ge s a n d H ol l i s a B ro o m fi e l d a n d M oo r
, , . . ,

D rak e P a rt ri d ge an d VV O O d c o c k a B e e c h an d a S h o ar
, , , ,

A s h C rab t re e a n d H a wt h o rn P e a c h L e m m on a n d B ox
, , , , , .

A Ly o n a B a d ge r a W o l fe a n d a F o x
, , . ,

Fi s h H a re K i d d a n d Ro e b u c k a S t e e r a n d a Ra y
, , , , ,
’
Cox C a t s a n d T a l b o t S t ra w s C at t l e a n d H ay
, , , , , .

D a w e s N i gh t i n gal e s H u n t i n g s a n d M a rt i n s a R o we
, , , . ,

W i t h B u s t a rd a n d Ro b b i n D o v e S w a l lo w an d C ro w e
'

, , , ,

Ham B acon and B utters Salt Pickle s an d R ice

, , , , , ,

A D rap e r a n d C h ap m a n B oo t h s B y e r s a n d P ri c e
, , , , ,

S h a rp S h e e r s C u t t i n g S m a l l w oo d a C u b i t t a n d Ru l e
, , , , , ,

S to n e s G ra v e l a n d Ca n n e l l C l ay P ot t s a n d a Po o l e
, , , , ,
‘

A P age a n d a B e a rd w i t h Co a t e s a n d a B a t to n
,
,
’

, ,

A W e b b a n d a C ap “L i n d s ay W oo l s e y a n d C o t t on
,
-

, ,

A C l o ak e a n d a S at c h e l l a S n o wb a l l a n d R a i n e
, , , ,

A L e e c h a n d a B o l u s a S m a rt a n d a P ay n e
, , , ,

A Stamp an d a J ewel a H il l an d a H ol e
, , , ,

A P ee k a n d a P o ssn e t a S i n g a n d a M o l e
, , , ,

A H o rn an d a H u n t w i t h a B o n d an d a B a r r
, , , ,

A H u s s e y a W e d l o c k a D ri v e r a n d C a r r
, , ,

A C oo p e r a n d A d sh e ad a B i r d a n d a Fo w l e r
. , , ,

A Key an d a Ca stl e a B el l an d a Towl e r

, , .
,

A T a r r an d a S h i p m an w i t h Q u i c k foo t a n d T o a s e
, , , ,

A L e e k a n d a L i l l y a G re e n B u d d a n d B o w e s , , ,

A C re e d a n d a S u n d a y a COu se n a L o rd
. , , ,

A D u n n a n d a B a i l e y a S q u are bri d g e a n d Fo rd
, , , ,

A N oo —a l l a n d D o o l i tt l e H o p e w e l l a n d S l e e p
, . , ,

A n d K i rk s C l a rk s a n d P a r s o n s a G ro ss an d a H e ap
. , , , ,
,

W i t h m a n y s u c h w o rt h i e s a n d o th e r s s u b l i m e r , ,

I n c l u d i n g a H o m e r a Po p e a n d ,

A R H Y M E R ( L e w i s H i s t o ry ) ’
.
 XVII I .

N IC K A N D D E SC R IP TIV E NAM E S .

One o f t h e e a rl y fo rm s o f n a m e s w a s t h a t k n o w n a s a n i c k
’
n am e T h e c u st o m O f s h o rt e n i n g a c h i l d s n am e i s s t i l l p op u l a r an d
.
,

w e h av e M a rga re t a s M a ggi e M a ry a s M ay E l i z ab e t h a s B e t t y o r
, , ,

L i z z i e an d C at h e ri n e a s K a t e a d l ib i t u m a n d a d n a u s e u m W i l l i a m
, ,
.

i s c on t ra c te d t o B i l l H e n ry t o H a l R i c h a r d to D i c k a n d Rob e rt t o
, , , ,

B ob . N o t o n l y a re C h ri s t i a n n a m e s t h u s c h a n ge d b u t c h i l d re n re ,

c e i v e s u c h n ic k n am e s a s T u g B u d T a g P u n k N ab C a rrot s G i n
, , , , , ,

ge r D ot B u n c h y N o s e y Goggl e s a n d B at I t i s al m o s t i m p o s s i b l e
, , , , ,
.

fo r a c h i l d t h u s n i c k n am e d t o l o s e th e p re t ty o r u gl y a d d i t i o n ; a n d
t h e s e n i c k nam e s so m e t i m e s b e c a m e s u rn a m e s i n t h e o l d e n d ay s ,

f o r t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e i n d iv i d u a l .

A m on g p ri m i t i v e p e o p l e s n i c kn a m e s w e re e m p l oy e d t o c o n
,

c e a l t h e re a l n a m e o f a p e r son l e s t a n e n e m y b y ge t t i n g h ol d o f i t
, , ,

sh o u l d wo rk m i s c h i e f o n th e o wn e r o f t h e n a m e b y m agi c al a rt s .

B u t t h i s fe a r o f t h e n a m e b e i n g m i s u s e d m u s t s o o n h a v e d i e d
aw ay w h e re a s th e n ot i o n re m a i n e d t h a t b y i n vok i n g th e n a m e n o t
, ,

o f a s a i n t o n l y b u t o f som e m a n o f re n o w n h e l p w o u l d c o m e f ro m
, ,

th e p e rs on so c a l l e d o n .

B a ri n g Go u l d h a s t h i s t o s ay :
-
A m on g t h e E n gl i s h k i n g s
n i c kn a m e s w e re c o m m on a s E th e l re d th e U n re a d y E d m u n d I ro n
. ,

s i d e H a rol d H a re foot H e n ry B e a u c l e rk R i c h a r d Co e u r d e L i o n
, . , ,

J o h n L on g s h a n k s an d R i c h a rd C ro okb a c k
,
T h e W e l s h p ri n c e s .

s o m e t i m e s h a d d e s c ri p t i v e e p i th e t s a t t ac h e d to t h e i r n a m e s a s ,

C al c y f n e d d t h e W h i t e wa s h e r L e u h i r L on gh a n d M y n f au r t h e
.
,

C o u rt e o u s So m e t i m e s a n i ck n a m e d i s p l a c e d a b ap t i s m a l na m e
. .

T h u s B ran d o n t h e V o y a ge r w a s c h ri st e n e d M ob o ; b u t b e c a u s e
, ,

th e re w a s a n a u ro ral d i sp l a y a t h i s b i rt h h e wa s k n o w n t h ro u gh ,

l i fe a s B re n ai n S t P at ri c k h a d fo u r n a m e s o f w h i c h S u c c at Co t h
. .
, ,

rai g h ,an d M ag o n i u s w e re t h e ot h e r s C o d oc s re al n a m e wa s .
’

C at h me al B u t n o n e o f t h os e n i c kn a m e s w e re h e re d i t a ry T h ey
. .

”
d i e d a l on g w i t h t h e m e n w h o b o re t h e m .

W h e n a n d h o w n i c k n a m e s a s w e l l a s o th e r n a m e s b e c a m e

“
h e re d i ta r y i s d e c i d ed by B a ri n g — Go u l d t o b e ab o u t 1538 a l th o u gh ,
‘

L o w e r a n d Ca d m a n gi v e t h e d a t e a s t h e t we l fth c e n t u ry
B a ri n g —
.

Go u l d : H o w e v e r i n 1538 H e n r y t h e E i gh t h o rd e re d
,

t h a t i n e v e r y p a ri s h sh o u l d b e k ep t a re gi s t e r o f t h e b i rth s d e a th s ,

an d m a r r i age s t h a t to ok p l ac e th e re i n w i t h th e Ch ri s t i a n n a m e a n d ,

t h e s u rn a m e o f t h e p a rt i e s T h e re s u l t m u s t h av e b e e n a p re c i p i t a
.

t i o n o f n a m e s h i t h e rto fl u i d a n d i n s u sp e n s e Fo l l o w i n g i s a s to ry .

w h i c h i l l u st rat e s t h e c a s e i n p o i n t :
176 SU R NA M E B O O K .

t a k e t h e i r n a m e f ro m gre at p e r s o n a l b e a u t y ; i t i s a c o rrup t i o n o f a
N o rm a n p l a c e n a m e N o r w e re t h e T h y n n e s re m a rk ab l e fo r t h e i r
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m e ag re n e s s o f a s p e c t ; t h e y d e ri v e s o i t i s s a i d fro m J o h n d e B o t t e .

v i l l e i n t h e re i gn o f E d wa rd I V w h o s t u d i e d i n o n e o f t h e I n n s o f
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.
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ra p i d i n t h e i r m ov e m e n t s Q u i c k i s b u t a fo rm o f w i c k f ro m t h e .
,
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L at i n v i c u s a n d i t s e q u i v a l e n t s a re 1V y k e a n d VV eek e s N o r w a s
.
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a m a n n a m e d Fl e e t b e c a u s e s w i ft o f fo o t b u t b e c a u s e h e l i v e d a t .

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. . .

t o s i gn i fy a s i l e n t p e r s on b i t t i t i s re a l l y a n a n gl i c i z i n g o f D A u m
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e re l e O n t h e o t h e r h a n d t h e re a re n a m e s t h a t a re e xp re s s i v e o f
.
.

b o d i l y o r m e n ta l c h a rac t e ri s t i c s t h a t h av e l o s t t h e i r s i gn i fi c a t i o n .

i n E n gl i s h o r a t al l e v e n t s i n m o d e rn E n gl i sh T h u s W ac e i s fro m
. . . ,

t h e N o rs e h v a si a n d s i gn i fi e s ke e n o r q u i c k \Vh o w o u l d h a v e s u p
. .

p o s e d t h a t B i s h op B on n e r d e ri v e d h i s n a m e f ro m L e B o n ai r k i n d ,

a n d gra c i o u s ?
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E l d ri d ge i s O l d i s h S o m e \ V el sh ex p l e t i v e s h a v e fo rm e d n a m e s o n
.

t h e m a rc h e s a s G a m c ro o k e d G oc h re d G wy n w h i t e a n d D a n i s h
. . . . . , ,

t e rm s h a v e a t t ac h e d t h e m s e l v e s t o p e r so n s i n N o rt h u m b ri a a n d E a st
A n gl i a a s G a m e l a n d B l o e d foo l i sh th e o ri gi n p ro b ab l y o f t h e
. . . . .

n a m e o f B l oo d S o f ro m th e F re n c h : B l o u n t i s L e B l o n d C amo y s
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i s o n e w i th a t u rn e d u p n o s e C o u rt e n ay i s S h o rt N o s e A l l f ray s
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i s L e B a l a f re th e sc a rre d B ri gh t d o e s n o t s i gn i fy a l i v e l y p e r so n
. .

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age b u t i s a t i t l e ( A S bryt t a f ro m breo t an ) t h e m a n w h o d i s
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.
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e n se d t h e b re a d a n d o t h e r fo o d a m o n g t h e t h ral l s a n d li e w a s
p .

a h e a d m a n o 1 e r th e m A rb e r h a s n o c o n n e c t i o n w i t h an a rb o r
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i t s i gn i fi e s a n h e i r f ro m t h e A S a rb Go t h i c a rb i . .
,
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111 e n t ri e s m a d e by m e n t h e m se l 1 e s a s i n l i s t s O f o rd i n a n d s .

a n d c l e ri c s i n s t i t u t e d t o Ii 1 i n g s n i c k a n d d e sc ri p t i 1 e n a m e s a re c o n .

s i c u o u sl 111 p ro b a b l y n i n e c a se s ou t o f t e n w h e re a s u r
p y ab sent .

“
.

n a m e s e e m s t o b e d e s c ri p t i v e o f p e r s o n a l c h a ra c t e ri st i c s i t i s a c o r .

ru p t i on — t h at i s t o s ay w h e n i t h a s b e c o m e h e re d i t a ry . .

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-
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,

ge t a l t e re d A s p a ragu s i s re n d e re d S p a rro w G ra s s C u c u m b e r i s
.
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re n d e re d C o w c u mbe r .

S u rn a m e s h a1 e b e e n t re at e d 111 p re c i s e l y t h e s a m e m a n n e r a n d .

h a 1 e b e e n a d a p t e d t o so m e th i n g u n d e r s t o o d b y th e p e op l e ; a n d a s
t h o s e w h o b o re t h e s e n a m e s w e re o fte n i l l i t e ra t e a n d u n e d u c a t e d
th e m s e l v e s th ey h av e a d op t e d t h e a l t e ra t i o n w i t h o u t c o m p u n c t i on
. .

w i l l n o w t a ke s o m e o f th e p ri n c i p a l c h a ra c t e ri s t i c s o f m a n
—p h y s i c al m o ra l a n d m e n t a l —t h a t m a y h a v e gi v e n t o s o m e th e i r
“
. .

s u rn a m e s .

\ V e fi n d s u c h a s L o n g a n d S h o rt a n d S h o rt e r ; b u t w e c a n n o t . .

p re d i c a t e t h a t L on g o r S h o rt a re n o t c on t rac t i on s f ro m s o m e p l a c e
n a m e s s u c h a s L o n ga c re a n d S h rt ri d ge D a rk i s fo rm e d f ro m o .

D A rc q u e s : bti t w e h a 1 e Fa i r t h a t s t a n d s fo r P h ayre a n d M o tl e y ;
’

.
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b u t t h i s l a t t e r m a y b e d u e t o t h e fi r s t w h o a s s u m e d t h e n a m e l e ga l l y
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h av i n g b e e n a c l o w n : M o t l e y i s t h e o n l y w e a r .

T h e j e s t e r h a s c o n t ri b u t e d o t h e r s u rn a m e s a s P a t c h f ro m hi s

“
, ,

p a t c h w o rk ga rm e n t : T h e p a t c h i s k i n d e n o u gh al s o Py e f ro m h i s
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,

pied suit .

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. , , ,

h e a d c o m e f ro m t h e c o l o r o f t h e h a i r o r c o m p l ex i o n R e i d R e e d
, .
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,
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a n d re d e ’
S c a rl e t t p e rh ap s i s f ro m t h e h a b i t u s u al l y wo rn B l a k e
. .

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-
,
.

man p ro b a b l y m e a n s t a l l n e s s o r l o n g h an d Snell i s the Norse .

-
.

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sn j al l t h e q u i c k ; K i n g H a l fd a n w a s s o d e s i gn at e d
,
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Ba sset sig .

n i fi e s a m a n o f st u n t e d g ro w t h Fa i rfax i s o n e f ai rh e ad ed G i ff a rd . .

i s a l re a d y gi v e n Tro tt man i s a m a n o f t ru s t a n d n o t a t ro t t e r W e
.
, .

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, , , , ,

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, , , , .

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ra s c a l K e n n a r d i s t h e F re n c h c ai g n ard y o u ho u n d ! a so r d i d
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.

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_

, .

n a m e s c o m e f ro m t h e u p p e r ra n k s O f so c i e ty gi v e n t o m e n w h o s e ,

a n c e s t o r s n e v e r e n j oy e d a n y p l a c e so h i g h a s t h a t o f a t ra d e s m a n

“
,

a s K i n g D u k e E a rl B a ro n K n i gh t S q u i re ; a l s o P op e B i s h op
, , , , , , ,

a n d P a r so n .

W h e n n a m e s h a d t o b e re gi s t e re d a n d p oo r c o u n t ry fo l k b e a t ,

a b o u t f or s o m e b y w h i c h t o c a l l t h e m s e l v e s w e m a y w e l l s u p p o s e .

t h a t so m e m e n w o u l d b e i n c l i n e d t o i n d e m n i fy t h e m s e l v e s f ro m
t h e i r h u m b l e p o s i t i o n i n l i fe b y a s s u m i n g a n a m e i n d i c at i v e o f a
h i g h p o s i t i o n i n t h e s t a t e i n s o c i e t y o r i n t h e c h u rc h H o w e l s e
. , .

a re w e to a c c o u n t f o r t h e m u l t i t u d e o f k i n g s w e c o m e ac ro s s e v e ry
w h e re ? O r s o m e p o m p o u s fe l l o w fu l l o f b l u f f i n t h e a l e h o u s e m ay , ,

h a v e a c q u i re d a m o n g h i s fe l l o w s t h e so b ri q u e t o f t h e d u k e o r t h e -

s q u i re a n d w h e n h e c a m e t o re gi s t e r h i s s on wa s b u t to o p l e a s e d
t o a d op t t h e n a me a c c o rd e d t o h i m i n t h e p a ri s h A n o t h e r so u rc e
, , ,

o f t h e s e n a m e s w a s t h e m o ra l i t y p l ay s w h e n s t ro l l i n g a c t o r s a s ,

s u m e d t h e p a rt s o f k i n g s d u k e s a n d an ge l s ; a n d w h e n o b l i ge d t o
, .

re c o rd t h e i r fu l l ap p e l l a t i on s C h ri s t i a n n a m e s a n d s u rn a m e s t h e , ,

w h o l e c o m p a n y i n s t e a d o f e n t e ri n g t h e m s e l v e s a s Jo h n a n d H a r ry
, .

B i l l a n d T i m o t h y P l ay e r a d o p t e d t h e t i t l e o f t h e i r p a rt s a n d w rot e

“
, , ,

t h e m s e l v e s d o w n a s J o h n K i n g H a rr y D u k e B i l l E a rl a n d T i m o t h y , , ,

A n ge l .

T h e a c t i n g i n m y s t e r i e s b e l o n ge d l a rge l y t o c e rt a i n fa m i l i e s .

a n d p a rt s w e re p ro b a b l y h e re d i t a ry j u s t a s i n O x fo rd sh i re a n d t h e ,

M i d l a n d s t o t h i s d a y re m a i n c e rta i n fa m i l i e s o f h e re d i t a r y m o r ri s
d a n c e r s wh o s e a n c e s t o rs h a v e b e d i z e n e d t h e m s e l v e s a n d c a p e re d
.
178 SU RNA M E B O O K .

f so m e fo u r o r fi v e h u n d re d y e a r s ; a n d m u c h a s i n O b e r A m m e r
’

or
-

“
ga u a n d o t h e r A l p i n e v i l l a ge s s p e c i a l p a rt s i n m i rac l e p l ay s re m a i n
i n c e rt a i n fa m i l i e s .

Th at t h e t e rm B a s ta rd sh o u l d h av e b e e n a c c e p t e d w i t h o u t
d e m u r a s a s u rn am e i s n o t so s u rp ri s i n g a s m i gh t ap p e a r \Vi l l i an1 .

t h e Co n q u e ro r i n h i s c h a rt e rs d i d n ot sh ri n k f ro m d e s c r i b i n g h i m
s e l f a s W i l l i a m t h e B a s t a rd T h e n a m e h a s b e e n b o rn e b y a n an
.

c i e n t a n h o n o rab l e fa m i l y i n t h e w e s t o f E n gl a n d L i e f c h i l d i s a .

l ov e c h i l d a p ro v i n c i a l i s m f o r on e t h a t i s i l l e gi t i m a t e P a ri s h w a s
-
, .

a n a m e o ft e n gi v e n t o a c h i l d th a t w a s a fo u n d l i n g a n d b ro u gh t u p ,

by th e c o m m u n i t y i n a v i l l a ge P a r s o n s m ay d e s i gn at e t h e c h i l d
.

o f th e p a ri s h p ri e s t b e fo re t h e m a rri a ge o f t h e c l e rgy w a s s u f f e re d ,

o r e v e n wh e n i t w a s a n e w t h i n g a n d n o t re l i s h e d by t h e p e op l e , .

’
B u t i n m o s t c a s e s i t i s a c o r ru p t i o n o f P i e r so n o r P e t e r s so n T h e , .

n a m e B u rre l l c om e s fro m t h e O l d E n gl i s h w o rd e m p l o y e d b y
C h a u c e r f o r a l a y m a n B u t w h y o n e l a y m an o u t o f al l t h e p a ri s h
.

s h o u l d a s s u m e t h i s t i t l e t o h i m s e l f i s d u e t o t h i s : t h a t B u rre l l i s a

“
c on t ra c t i on fo r B o rel c l e rk a l ay c l e rk i n a c a t h e d ra l o r c ol l e gi at e
,

c h u rc h .

“
Ch i l d a s a l re a d y s a i d w a s a t i t l e ap p l i e d t o t h e e l d e s t so n o f
, .

‘ ’
a k i n g o r n ob l e o r k n i gh t ; t h u s w e h a v e t h e c h i l d o f E l l e
. . .

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th ey s e e m T h u s S u m m e r o r S u m m e r s i s f ro m S o m n e r a s a l re a d y
.
. .

s ta t e d a n d
, i n t e r i s p e rh a p s a 1 i n t n e r a p u b l i c a n D ay a s al . .
,

re a d y p o i n t e d o u t i s u s e d o f a d a i r y m a i d G a u n t i s n o t d e sc ri p t i v e
. .

‘
of a ra wb on e d fi gu re ; i t s i gn i fi e s o f Gh e n t I kn o w a c a r ri e r ’
.

wh o s e n a m e i s D e a t h T h i s d o e s n o t d e sc ri b e h i m a s on e wh o c o n
.

1 e 5 m a n t o h i s l on g h o m e I t i s re al l y D e A t h A n d w e c a n n o t b e
y . .

s u re t h at a L e e m a n d e ri v e s fro m a fe m a l e o f l i gh t c h a rac t e r a s th e ,

n am e m ay c o m e f ro m L e M a n s m e n w e re s u d d e n l y c al l e d
.

u po n t o fi n d a s u rn a m e f o r th e m se l 1 e s i n t h e i r p e rp l ex i ty t h e y
l a i d h ol d o f t h e d a y s o f t h e w ee k o r t h e m o n t h o r t h e s e a so n s . .

o f th e c h u rc h a n d t h i s h a s g 11 e n ri s e i n so m e c a s e s — b u t th e s e a re
n ot c e rta i n —to th e M o n d a y s o r M u n d ay s a n d S u n d a y s t o t h e
.

“
. . .

n a m e o f N o e l o r Ch r i s tm a s P a s c h al E a s t e r a n d M i d d l e m a s o r
. . . ,

M i c h a e l m a s a n d t o H o l i d a y a n d H oc ka d a y
. .

‘
C rab b e i n h i s P a ri s h R e gi s t e r s a y s th a t fo u n d l i n g s w e re
. .
’

n a m e d a ft e r t h e d ay o f t h e w e e k i n wh i c h t h e y w e re p i c k e d u p .

A ft e r a gre e i n g t h a t th e c h i l d s h o u l d b e c h ri s t e n e d R i c h a rd t h e v e s .

t ry

‘
N ext e n q u i re d t h e d ay w h e n p a s s i n g b y . .
’
T h u n l u c k y p e a s a n t h e a rd t h e s t ra n ge r c ry .

T h i s kn ow n h o w fo o d a n d ra i m e n t t h e y m i gh t gi v e
‘

W a s n ex t d e b a t e d f o r t h e ro gu e w o u l d l i v e
, .

B a c k t o t h e i r h o m e s t h e p ru d e n t v e s t r y w e n t
A n d R i c h a rd M on d ay to th e wo rk h o u s e s e n t .
180 SURNAM E B O OK .

“
of F ra n c e T h e F re n c h i n v a ri ab l y ga l l i c i z e d h i s n a m e to P a i n —
. au

l a i t an d i n l i ke m a n n e r w e h av e al t e re d F re n c h n am e s
,
.

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,

a s G al at e l ey h a s n o t h i n g t o d o w i t h t h e t ri p p a n t t o e b u t s i gn i fi e s
, ,

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.
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,

an d M i d n i gh t a me ad k n ec h t o r s e rv a n t w h o s e rv e d o u t t h e m e a d ,
.

A M e d l a r i s n o t a n o b t ru s iv e p e r s o n b u t o n e w h o c o m e s f ro m a ,

t o w n s h i p o f t h a t n a m e i n K i rk h a m L a n c a s h i re L u c k m a n d o e s n ot , .

i m p l y p e c u l i a r go o d fo rt u n e b u t t h e F re n c h L i l l ebo i s a s p ro , ,

“
n o u n c e d b y E n gl i s h t on gu e s S p i t t l e i s t h e n a m e of o n e w h o h a d a
.

h o u s e a t t h e sp i t al o r ho s p i ta l , .

“
T h e h ab i t o f l e e ri n g a t t h e l a d i e s w a s n o t h e re d i t a ry i n t h e
fa m i l y o f t h e O gl e s ; i t c o m e s f ro m t h e N o r s e O g v al d r .

J o h n d e G ran d i sson w a s B i sh o p o f E x e t e r b e t we e n t h e y e a r s
1327 a n d 136 9 D u ri n g h i s t e n u re o f t h e s e e t h e re w e re 1420 i n h ab
.

i t an t s i n t h i s d i o c e s e i n D e v o n O f t h e s e t h e v a s t m aj o r i ty b o re .

‘ ‘ ’ ’
p l a c e n a m e s T h e y g i v e d e t h i s p l a c e or t h a t o r a t t e s o m e o th e r
-
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,

p l ac e o r e l s e b o re a s i m p l e p l a c e n a m e w i t h o u t a p re fix A fe w
,
-
.

a v e r y fe w— h a d t ra d e n a m e s a s B ak e r o r P i sto r t h a t h a s t h e s a m e , ,

m e a n i n g o r C a rp e n te r B ol t e r Fa rm an G a rd i n e r H awk e r P a ge
, , , , , , ,

P i p e r R i d l e r S u m p t e r W a rd W a rri n e r W oo d m an b u t n i c k n a m e s
, , , , , ,

a re m o s t ra re T h e fe w t h a t e x i s t i n t h e re c o rd a re C o u p g o rg e
.
,

B e s t a ( t h a t i s d o u b t fu l ) D i e u d on n e Fo o t Fo x G a m b o n K e n e , , , , , ,

M ai d g o o d M al oy se l M e rre y P e t i c ru e R ak e S o rt S w i ft T ry s t
. , , , , , , ,

W h i te h e a d W ol f a n d Yo u n g
, , .

E v e r y th i n g goe s t o s h o w t h a t w e m u s t b e v e ry c a u t i o u s i n ac

“
c ep t i n g t h e fa c e s i gn i fi c at i on o f a n i c k n a m e t h a t l ook s a n d so u n d s

a s a n i c kn a m e .

A t t h e s a m e t i m e i t i s i m p o s s i b l e to d e n y t h a t s u c h n a m e s d i d
ge t t ak e n u p a n d b e c o m e ac c e p t e d h e re d i t a ry fa m i l y ap p e l l a t i o n s .

S u c h w e re B a rfoo t C ro ok s h an k s S h e ep s h a n k s H al fp e n n y e t c ; b u t
m a n y w e re F re n c h sob ri q u e t s ap p l i e d b y F re n c h m e n at—
.
, , , ,

arm s an d -

do m e s t i c s to E n gl i s h m e n w i t h w h o m t h e y w e re b ro u gh t i n c o n t a c t ,

a n d a c c e p te d w i t h o u t a n y c o m p re h e n s i on a s t o t h e m e a n i n g T h u s .

w e h a v e t h e s u rn a m e o f B u n k e r fro m B o n c o eu r B u n t i n g f rom B o n ,

n e t i n ; Pe t t i fe r i s P i e d d e fe r a n d F i rebrac e i s F e rrebras J o s e p h
- -

,
.

C e n t l i v re w a s c oo k t o Q u e e n A n n e ; b u t t h e n a m e t ra n s l a t e d i n t o ,

H u n d re d p o u n d s o c c u rs i n 1417 w h e n a W i l l i a m o f t h a t n a m e w a s
, ,

m a y o r o f L y n n P o s s i b l y e n o u gh t h e o ri g i n a l n a m e C e n tl i v re w a s
.

a m i sta k e f o r S t L i v ai re w h o i s v e n e ra t e d a t M e t z W e s h o u l d
.
,
.

l oo k t o e v e ry o t h e r so u rc e f o r t h e i n te rp re t a t i o n o f a gro t e s q u e s u r
”
n a m e b e fo re a c c e p t i n g i t a s a ge n u i n e n i c kn a m e .

Yo u n g S e n i o r H ogg Fa tt S l i m B y t h e w ay St a rt i n a re al l
, , , , .
- -
,
-

n i c k n a m e s W e h av e a w e l l k n o wn U t ah fa m i l y S t a rt u p A M i s s
.
-

, .

S t a rt i n m a r ri e d th i s M r S t a rt u p ; a n d t h u s h av e a l l so rt s o f n i c k
.

n a m e s e n t e re d i n t o t h e E n gl i s h n o m e n c l at u re .
 X IX .

P R E F IXE S A N D S U F F IXE S .

C omp o u n d S u rn ame s —C h an g e d S u rn ame s .

M a n y s u rn a m e s w e re fo r m e d w i t h t h e a dd i t io n o f t h e l i t t l e
p rep o s i t io n w h i c h p re c e d e d p l a c e n a m e s o r fo l l o w e d p l a c e n a m e s
i n a q u a l i f y i n g s e n s e M o s t p re fix e s w e re i n t ro d u c e d b y t h e N o r
.

m an s .

A p re fi x m e a n s s o m e t h i n g a d d e d b e fo re an d a s u f fi x m e a n s
s o m e t h i n g a d d e d a ft e r A t t e — O a k w o u l d m e a n a t t h e o ak T h e ‘

“
. .

A n gl o S ax o n d e n o r d e n n m e a n t a c av e o r h o l e ; s o O a k D e n
” ” -

““
w o u l d m e a n a c av e n e a r a n o ak .

N o rm a n p re fi x e s o ft e n c o n s i s t e d o f t h e F re n c h d e o r l e de ,
” ”
m e a n i n g o f ; d e a l w ay s p re c e d e d t h e n a m e o f a p l a c e fro m w h e r e
t h e N o rm a n c a m e a n d w h e re h e h a d a c a s t l e o r a n e a rt h wo rk
,

c ro w n e d by a w o o d e n s t ru c t u re i n w h i c h h e an d h i s fa m i l y l i v ed
,
.

A t t h e t i m e o f t h e Co n q u e s t v e ry fe w n ob l e s a n d k n i gh t s h a d s to n e
d w e l l i n g s I t s u f fi c e d h i m t o t h ro w u p a t re n c h — i n F re n c h m o t t e

“ “
.

— a n d t o c ro w n i t w i t h a h o u s e b u i l t o f wo o d r e a c h e d b y a l a d d e r , ,

l i t t l e b e t t e r t h a n a h e n ro o s t I n i n s t a n c e s w h e re a p l a c e — name

“
.

”
b e ga n w i t h a v o we l t h e m i d d l e e w o u l d b e d rop p e d a n d t h e d e
,
”

w o u l d b e fa s t e n e d ri g h t o n t o t h e n a m e l i ke D a n v e r s ( D A n v ers)
’

D e v e u x D a u b i gn y D a rc y a n d D a w n e y
, , ,
T h e G e rm a n u s e d v o n
.

with the same meaning .

T h e L e i n t ro d u c e d b y t h e N o rm a n s w a s t h e p re fi x b e fo r e a d e
”

s c ri p t i v e n a m e o f a t ra d e o r e l s e o f a fu n c t i o n a ry o r exp re s s i n g

“
,

so m e p e r s o n a l c h a ra c t e ri s t i c : L e R o u x h e o f t h e ru d d y c o m p l e x i o n
,

o r w i t h re d h a i r ; L e P o rt i e r t h e d oo rw a r d L E st ran g e r h a s be ’

“
, .

”
c o m e S t ra n ge r W i t h i t s t a i l c u t o f f i t i s S t ra n ge L e a l s o p re

“
. .

c e d e d t h e d e s i gn at i o n o f a m an f ro m fo re ign p a rt s a s L e B rab a z o n

“
, ,

L e B re to n o r t h e m a n f ro m B re to n T h e p re fi x d e w a s c h a n ge d
.
”
”
l a t e r t o t h e E n gl i s h t h e a n d w i t h t h e l ap s e o f c en t u ri e s t h e S axo n
'

t h e a n d t h e N o rm a n d e w e re b o t h d rop p e d b y E n gl i s h m e n
” ”
.

A d a m t h e p age a n d P h i l l i p t h e c oo k b e c a m e w i t h t h e N o rm a n s

“
, ,

A d a m l e P a ge a n d P h i l l i p l e Co ok T h e n t h e a rt i c l e s w e re d rop p e d
.

“
.

a l t oge t h e r a n d t h e s u rn a m e w o u l d s i m p l y b e P a ge a n d C o o k T h e

“
.

s a m e t h i n g h ap p e n e d w i t h d e : R i c h a rd d e B e rry a n d E l i a s d e O x
”

b r i d ge m e a n t R i c h a r d o f B e rry a n d E l i a s o f O xb ri d ge B o t h d e ”
.

a n d l e to t a l l y d i s ap p e a re d f ro m t h e E n gl i s h re c o rd s a ft e r 1535
”
.

R i c h a rd l e S p i c e r a n d W i l l i a m d e D e a n w e re s i m p l y k no w n a s
Ri ch ard Sp i c e r a n d W i l l i am D ean I n t h e s am e m a n n e r t h e A n gl o
.

S ax o n a t t e w a s d ro p p e d a n d m e n w h o h a d b e e n c a l l e d J o h n A tt e
”
,
 82

Fo rd W i l l i a m A t te H ay a n d D av i d A t t e S to n e fo u n d t h e m s e l v e s
,

a ft e r t h at t i m e c al l e d s i m p l y J o h n Fo rd
.
( i l l i a m H ay a n d D av d
”
S to n e I n a fe w i n s ta n c e s h o w e v e r t h e at t e re a i n e d a s i n A t w e l l
A t woo d a n d A s to n A m a n m i gh t b e c al l e d W i l l i a m t h e L o n g o r
. .

l e L o n g ; J oh n l e Yo u n g o r J o h n t h e Yo u n g ; R i c h a rd l e B a rb e r or
i
SU RNA M E B O O K

,
,

'
,
““ ,
.

m
,
,

“
, ,

R i c h a rd th e B a rb e r ; Ro b e rt t h e Coo k A d a m t h e P age T h o m a s t h e . ,

Sp e n c e r o r H e n r y l e VV al l ey s ( t h e W e l s h m a n )
,
.

T h e W e l s h h a v e ap a s a p re fi x ; th i s h a s b e e n re fe r re d t o i n a ,

fo rm e r c h ap t e r
A m on g t h e p re fixe s a n d s u f fi x e s w h i c h i n d i c at e d p l a c e n a m e s
a re :
P re fi xe s
d e ( o f ) D e Fo e D e N e w t on D e Fo r d D u d e s d e l a S t o r , . . . , ,
.

Saint .

l e ( t h e ) L e Po rt i e r L e ga rt L e ga t t .
-
.
-
.

at t e ( a t th e ) A t t e \V o o d A t t e M i l l A t t e W a t e r . ,
.

Su f fi x e s
N o rm an : fon t e rs fa u t b e a u a ge n o u t a rd a u x l ay o r l y . .
,
. , . . .
.

fo rt a t c h a m p a n d v i l l e
. , . .

S axo n : i n g ( s o n o f ) B ro w n i n g H a rd i n g G o l d i n g ,
-
.
-
.
-
.

h e ah ( h i gh ) H e m st ead F at h e ri n g ay H a n k e y S a n k e y . , ,
.

h u s ( h o u s e ) e tc H u s s e y .
, .

c o t ( c ot t age ) C o t w o l d

b o th y ( l o g —
.

h u t ) B o ot h .

h a m ( h o m e a n e n c l o su re ) F a rn h a m B e rn h am
, , ,

b u rh ( a fo rt i fi e d p l a c e ) b u r y B e rry R o s e b e r r y F o rsbe ry . . . .

k i n o r k y n a s a s u f fi x i s a d i m i n u t i v e L a m b k i n D a wk i n s
. . .

l ey fo rd t o n t re ro s p ol p e n
. .
, .
'
. . .

c oc k ( d i m i n u t i v e ) B a b c o c k W i l c ox Cook ,
. .

e t ( d i m i n u t i v e ) H a rri e t i e l i t tl e fe m al e H e n r y . . .

e l l ( a m e a s u re ) B l o n d e l M u n s e l l H an d e l ] M e n d e l , , , .

y o r e ye s a m e a s t h e B e l e y A n s t e y
. . . .

l i n l i n n l y n a wa t e rfal l p re c i p i c e o r ra v i n e H a m l i n
. . . . . .

by ( fro m n e a r b e s i d e ) B y w a t e r B y ron B y woo d B y f o re

. , . . . .

t h o rp o r to rp a c o t t age a l i t tl e fa rm o r fi e l d T h o rp T h o rol d
, , . .

VV i n t h o rp .

T h e re w a s al s o a n o th e r p ra c t i c e th a t h a s gi v e n ri se t o s u r
n a m e s It wa s t h e p ra c t i c e o f b e s to w i n g p e t n am e s u p o n c h i l d re n
. .

Th e m o s t c o m m on o f th e s e we re m a d e by m e a n s o f d i m i n u t i v e s u f
fix e s T h u s l i t tl e \Val te r w a s c a l l e d \ V at k i n ( c om p a re t h e G e rm a n
°

c h e n ) B u t i n t i m e th a t n a m e be c ame p e rm an e n t l y a p p l i e d ; t h e n
.
‘

i t w a s a s s u m e d a s a fa m i l y n a m e ; a n d so w e m ay fi n d n o w b o th
VV atk i n so n an d W atk i n s i n o u r d i re c to ri e s I n l i k e m a n n e r w e re .

fo rm e d s u c h n am e s a s S i m k i n s o r S i mp k i n so n a n d T h o m p k i n s a n d . .

Th o mp k i n so n .

T h e d i mi n u t i v e '

c oc k w a s a l s o a n o l d t i m e fa vo ri t e -
. I t p e r s i st s
184 SU RNA ME B O OK .

me n t i on e d a s a d i m i n u t iv e b ro ugh t f ro m N o rm a n d y J . e an o t si g

n i fi e s L i t t l e J o h n ; M ari o t i s L i tt l e M a r y
. Sh ak e sp e a re u s e s C a rl o t .

a s a d i m i n u t i v e o f C h u rl So m e d i f fi c u l t y h a s b e e n fo u n d i n d i s .

c ov e ri n g t h e o ri gi n o f t h e n am e P i ggot I t h a s b e e n s u p p o se d to .

s t an d f o r p i c o t e o n e s m a l l p ox m a rk e d ,
T h e fa m o u s fa m i l y o f -
.

P e g o tt y n o d o u b t d i d t h e n c e d e ri v e i t s n a m e b u t w e c a n n o t s u p
'

, , ,

p o s e t h a t so e a rl y a s t h e Co n q u e s t t h e fi n a l s y l l ab l e o f p i c o t e h a d
al re ad y fal l e n a w a y I t i s m o re p ro b ab l e th at t h e s u rn a m e w a s

“
.

d e ri v e d f ro m p i gge th e S c a n d i n av i a n fo r a gi rl an d t h a t th e fa m i l y
, .

d e sc e n d e d fro m s o m e c a p t i v e w e n c h t h e p rey o f a N o r s e s e tt l e r ,
.

F ro m M a rgo t t h e d i m i n u t i v e o f M a rga re t c o m e s M arg o t so n

T h e t e rm
.
, ,
‘
i n a t i on o t i s a c o m m o n F re n c h d i m i n u t i v e : arc h e ro t i s a
’ -

“
s m al l a rc h e r a u ge l o t a l i tt l e d i t c h
,
B aggot m ay b e a d i m i n u t iv e o f .

b agu e a n d d e s i gn a t e th e m a n w i t h t h e s m al l go l d ri n g
,
.

‘ ’
A n ot h e r d i m i n u ti v e i s th e t e rm i n a t i o n e t W e sp ea k o f a .

l e a fl e t a h a m l e t a ri n gl e t A n d H a rri e t t i s t h e fe m i n i n e b u t

“
, ,
.
,

a c t u a l l y t h e d i m i n u t i v e o f H e n ry S o H a m l e t i s t h a t o f H a m o . .
,

an d Paul ett of Pa ul .

‘ ‘ ’ ’
T h e N o rm a n s a f f e c t e d c h an gi n g a n e n d i n g i n e l l e i n to e a u .

“
‘ ’
a n d al i n t o a ux ‘
I sa b e l l e b e c am e I s ab e a u a n d t h i s w a s t u rn e d i n
.
’
.

E n gl i sh i n to Isbe t an d E b b e t w h e n c e o u r s u rn a m e s I b b ot so n
'

y
.
,
‘ ‘ ’
T h e t e rm i n a t i o n ey o r o ft e n s i gn i fi e s a n i sl an d ; b u t n o t
’

‘ ‘ ’ ’
a l w ay s I t i s o c c a s i o n a l l y a so fte n i n g o f e g
. e d ge A n stey i s , .

‘ ‘ ’
A t t e n s te g a t th e s t i l e T h e y o r i e aga i n i s a d i m i n u t i v e a s B ab y
-
. .
’

, , ,
‘
f o r B a b e B ran dy fo r B ra n d ( b u rn t w i n e ) I n S c o tl an d t h e i e t ak e s ’

y
.
,
‘
th e p l ac e o f th e E n gl i s h D i c k b e c o m e s D ix i e ; i n E n gl i s h i t .
’

w o u l d b e D i c k y H a n ke y i s t h e d i m i n u t i v e o f H an s o r Jo h n a n d
.
, ,

S an k e y o f A l exa n d e r \ \ l l k i e i s th e s a m e o f W i l l i a m
. In n ine .

‘ ‘ ’ ’
c a s e s o u t o f t e n i n p l ac e n a m e s c y a n d a y a s a n e n d i n g re p re s e n t s
-
.

h ey o r h ay a h e d ge a s Fot h e ri n gay G o l d i n g ay
’

, , , .

‘ ’ ‘ ’
L i n o f l y n i s e q u i v al e n t to t h e G e rm a n l e i n an d b e c o m e s ,
‘ ’
li ng at th e en d of a nam e H a m e l i n i s a d i m i n u t i v e of H a m o . .

\V ak e l i n g s t a n d s f o r W ak e l i n L i ttl e W a ke
‘ ‘
K i n o r k y n c o rre
’
. .
’ ’

‘
sp o n d s t o th e G e rm a n c h e n
’
Pe t e rk i n i s S m al l P e t e r a n d a p i p k i n .
,

i s a l i t tl e p o t I n a n o l d p o e m e n t i t l e d A L i t o l s o t h So rmu n i t i s s a i d
.
‘ ’

o f th e m a i d e n M al ek yn ( L i t tl e M al e o r M a ry ) an d J an ek yn :
‘
M a s se s a n d m at i n s
N e k e p e th t h e y n o u h t ,

B u t VV i l ek yn a n d VV at e k y n
’
B e i n t h e i r t h ou h t .

‘ ’ ‘
K i n a s a te rm i n a t i o n h a s n o th i n g t o d o w i t h k i n d re d Ki n .
’

a n d k i n s o ft e n ge t ab b re v i a t e d t o i s s an d e s
‘ ’ ‘ ‘
H e n c e P e rk i n s be ’
.
’

c o m e s P e rk i s s an d fi n a l l y P e rk s ; To n k i n s i s re d u c e d to To n k s
’

, ,

D a w ki n s t o D aw k e s I n A n gl o S ax o n th e re w e re t wo e n d i n g s fo r
.
-

‘ ‘
th e ge n i t i v e c a s e W h en a n a m e en d e d i n a o r e i t t oo k n an d ‘ ’ ’ ’
.
, ,
 P R E F IX E S A ND S U F F I X E S . 185

‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ’
b e c a m e a n o r e n i n t h e p o s s e s s i v e ; o t h e rw i s e i t t oo k e T h u s P u t
’
.

t e n h a m a n d T o t t e n h a m w e re t h e h o m e s o f P u t t a a n d T o t t a B u t .

w e c a n n o t s ay t h a t S y d e n h a m w a s t h e h o m e o f S y d o r e v e n t h a t

“
,

i t wa s a s o u th e rn h o m e s t e a d fo r s i d i s t h e A n gl o S axo n f o r u n
‘
,
’
-

e n c l o s e d l a n d a n d a S y d e n h a m i s a N e wt ak e
, .

T h e t e rm i n at i o n by fo r a fa rm o r d we l l i n g i n N o rm a n d y be
‘
,
’
,

c a m e b o e u f a s E l bo eu f i n E n gl i s h re n d e re d E l b o w t h e n a m e o f
‘ ’
. , ,
’
o n e o f S h ak e sp e a re s foo l i s h c o n st a b l e s V o l n e y t h e F re n c h t ra v .
,

e l l e r h a d f o r h i s re a l n a m e C h asseboe u f b u t w a s s o a fra i d l e s t i t
, ,

s h o u l d b e s a i d o f h i m t h a t h e w a s d e s c e n d e d f ro m a b u l l o c k d r i v e r -
.

t h a t l i k e a s n ob h e a l t e re d h i s n a m e T h e t e rm i n a t i o n e l i s fo u n d
. .
‘
.
’

i n G e rm a n d i m i n u t i v e s a s H a n d e l M e n d e l H i rsc h e l l ; b u t t h e e n d

“
, , .

1n
g d o e s n o t a l w ay s i m p l y a G e rm a n o ri gi n a s i n C o t e re l l a n d ,

Co c k re l l .

T h e su fii x man h a s fo u r o r fi v e d i s t i n c t m e a n i n gs :
‘ ’

‘
1 U s u a l l y i t i s g i v e n a s t h e e q u i v a l e n t o f s e rv a n t Thus ’
. .
,

H i gm a n i s t h e s e rv i n g — m a n o f H i c k o r R i c h a rd ; M e rri m a n i s t h e

“
,

s e rv a n t o f M a ry ; P u l m a n t h a t o f P a u l ; H o u s e m a n i s a h o u s e d o
,

me st i c K i n g s m a n o r K i n s m a n i s t h e K i n g s s e rv a n t
.
’
.

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.

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i n t h e w o o d o r h e w h o i s a w oo d c u t t e r b y h i s t ra d e ; B ri d ge m a n

“
m a y b e t h e m a n w h o l i v e s b y t h e b ri d ge o r t h e t ol l — t ak e r 0 11 t h e
b ri d ge ; Y e a t m a n i s h e w h o o c c u p i e s a c o tt a ge b y t h e ga t e .

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.
, ,

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’
,

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baiter .

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4 I t i s a s w e l l a c o r ru p t i o n o f t h e t e rm i n a t i on h a m i n p l a c e ’
.

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.

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m ay b e a c o rru p t i o n o f G i l l i n gh a m H ey m a n i s e i t h e r t h e m a n w h o
.

l oo k e d a ft e r t h e h a y o r i s a c o r ru p t i o n o f H i gh n a m i n Gl o u c e s t e r

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s h i re H i gh i s v e ry ge n e ra l l y p ro n o u n c e d by c o u n t ry fo l k h e y a s
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. .

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, ,

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o c c a s i o n a l l y add e d t o a m o n o s y l l a b i c p l a c e n am e a s S t ok e s f o r of -
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 S C O TC H A N D IR IS H SU R N A M E S .

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B ri t a i n T h e F ri t h s o f Fo rt h a n d C l y d e re d u c e t h e w i d th o f th e
.

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.

c o u n t ry t o s u c h a n arro w n e c k a s t o m ak e t h e n o rt h e rn p a rt o f
S c ot l a n d a l m o s t a s e p a ra t e i s l a n d T h e n o rt h e rn p e n i n s u l a t h u s
. .

fo rm e d i s d i v i d e d by a ran ge o f m o u n t a i n s i n to h i gh l a n d s a n d l o w
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e a s t e rn l o w l a n d T h e c o u n t ry s o u t h o f t h e F ri t h s o f Fo rt h a n d
.

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.

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. .

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.
, .

n o i n d u c e m e n t t o e n gage i n i n d u s t ri al p u r s u i t s w e re a fi e rc e h a rd y . ,

p e op l e a n d l i ve d m a i n l y by p i l l agi n g t h e l a n d s o f t h e m o re t h ri fty
.

l owl a n d e r s .

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n i a T h e y n e v e r s u c c e e d e d i n m ak i n g i t a p a rt o f th e i r e m p i re an d
. .

b u i l t a wa l l a c ro s s th e n e c k b e t we e n th e F ri th s o f F o rt h an d So l I

way t o k e e p th e n o rt h e rn b a rb a ri a n s fro m i n v a d i n g t h e i r d o m i n i o ns
i n s o u t h e rn B ri t a i n A t t h i s t i m e th e co u n t r y w a s oc c u p i e d by a
.

n u m b e r o f Ce l t i c t ri b e s t h e p ri n c i p al o f w h i c h w e re t h e P i c t s a n d
,

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.

n o rt h o f S o l wa y T h e P i c t s a n d S c ot s we re a n e xc e e d i n gl y b ra v e
.

a n d h a rd y ra c e ; th e i r re l i gi o n w a s d ru i d i c a l ; t h e y p ra c ti c e d p o l y g
a m y a n d w e re w a rl i k e i n t h e i r h ab i t s T h e i r a rm s w e re s h o rt
. .

s p e a r s d a gge r s a n d s h i e l d s ; t h e i r h ab i ta t i o n s w e re w re tc h e d h u t s
. ,

an d th e y d i s d a i n e d t h e u s e o f c l o t h e s .

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'

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,

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,

h e ab an d o n e d t h e i d e a o f c o n q u e s t a n d re t re at e d so u t h o f t h e .

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.

b u i l t a l i n e o f fo rt s j o i n e d by a ra m p a rt o f ea rth t h e wh ol e wo rk .

b e i n g ab o u t th i rt y m i l e s i n l e n gth In A D 120 th e E m p e ro r H a d
. . .

ri a n b u i l t a s e c o n d ra m p a rt ac ro s s th e i s th m u s b e t w e e n t h e T y n e
a n d th e Sol wa y a n d ab an d o n e d th e e n t i re d i s t ri c t b e t we e n t h i s
.

ra m p a rt a n d A gri c ol a s w a l l t o th e P i c t s ’
.

\V h i l e th e E n gl i sh w e re s e t t l i n g V al e 11 t i a t h e m i gra t i o n o f th e
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.

S c o t s f ro m I re l an d to t h e w e s t c oa s t o f S c o t l a n d w a s s t e a d i l y p ro
c e e d mg T h e e x a c t d a t e o f th e co m m en c em en t of t h i s m i grat i o n
.
 188 SURNAM E B OO K .

m u n i t y h o u s e a n d h i s s u c c e s so r o c c up i e d t h e sa m e d w e l l i n g T h e .

o l d e s t so n o f t h e o l d e s t so n ge n e ra l l y i n h e ri t e d t h e c h i e ft a i n s h i p .

N a tu ra l l y t h e s e c l an s o r t ri b e s wo u l d b re ak u p i n to s u b — t ri b e s
o r c l a n s a s t h e s o n s m a rr i e d a n d h a d l a rge fa m i l i e s an d fol l o w e r s
,

of t h e i r ow n A ra c e o r c l a n o r t ri b e w a s c o m p o s e d o f d e s c e n d a n t s
.

o f a c o m m o n an c e s t o r .

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. .

d iv i d e d i n t o c l a n s ; c l a n m e a n s c h i l d re n W e l s h h a s i t as p a n t I ri s h

“
,
.

clan Lati n fil ii
, .

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B u rt i n h i s L e tt e r s f ro m a G e n tl e m an i n 1726 s ay s : T h e
, , ,

h i gh l an d e r s a re d i v i d e d i n to t ri b e s o r c l a n s u n d e r c h i e fs o r c h i e f ,

t a i n s a s t h e y a re c a l l e d i n t h e l a w s o f S c o t l a n d ; a n d e a c h c l an
, ,

aga i n i s d i v i d e d i n to b ra n c h e s f ro m t h e m a i n s to c k w h o h av e
, ,

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.
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o f fi ft y t o s ix ty m e n w h o d e d u c e th e i r o ri gi n f ro m t h e i r p art i c u l a r
,

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“
,
”
a n d d e fe n d e r s .

B a ri n g — Go u l d s a y s :
T h u s t h e c l a n A l p i n e c o n s i st e d o f s e v e n s u b c l a n s : t h e M a c
G re go rs G ra n t s M ac In t o sh M ac N ab M ac P h i e s M ac G arri e s a n d
, , , , , ,

M ac A u l ay s T h e a n c i e n t c l a n C h at t an c o m p r i s e d a s m an y a s s i x
.

te e n o f w h i c h t h e p ri n c i p a l w e re t h e Cam e ro n s w i t h t h e i r s u b
, ,

s e c t i o n c l a n M ac B e a n t h e c l a n s Fa rq u h a r s o n a n d M ac D u f f The

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c l a n C a m p b e l l h a s i t s A rg yl l B re a d a l b an e C aw do r an d L o u d o n
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b ran c h e s a n d al s o t h e M ac A rt h u rs
, .

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.

by a d op t i o n a n d by c a p t i v i t y i n w a r s
. .

B u t t h e n o t i o n th a t t h e c l a n c o n s i st e d w h ol l y o f t h o s e re l at e d
i n b l o o d w a s a fi c t i on A n i n n e r ri n g w a s i n d e e d so c o m p o s e d B u t
. .

th e re e x i s t e d a n o u t e r c i rc l e m a d e u p o f c ap t i v e s t a ke n i n wa r ,

th ra l l s a n d ru n a w ay s fro m o t h e r c l a n s — b ro k e n m e n a s t h ey w e re
,
‘
,
’

t e rm e d w h o h a d b e e n ex c l u d e d fro m t h e i r o w n c l a n f o r s o m e o f
,

f e n se a n d h a d s o l i c i t e d an d ob t a i n e d a d m i s s i o n i n to an o t h e r
, Th e .

M ac ra e s o f Gl e n sh e al s w e re t h ra l l s u n d e r t h e M ac L e o d s ; b u t a ft e r
a b at t l e i n w h i c h m o s t o f th e m e n o f t h e M ac L e o d s h a d fal l e n t h e i r
,
'

w i d o w s an d d au gh t e r s t o ok to t h e m h u s b an d s o f th e M a c ra e s so a s ,

t o fi l l u p o n c e m o re t h e d e p l e t e d t rib e B u t t h a t al l i n t h e c l a n .

we re c o n n e c t e d b y b l o o d a s t h e y w e re b y n a m e w a s a fi c t i o n t h a t ,

c o u l d i m p o s e o n fe w A n e a rl m a d e a gra n t o f l an d t o a fa v o ri t e
.

t e n a n t W h e re u p o n t h a t s e rv a n t i n v e n t e d a t a rta n ob l i ge d al l w h o
.
,

l i v e d 0 11 h i s l an d t o a s s u m e i t a n d c al l t h e m s e l v e s h i s s o n s T h e
, .

a n c e s to r o f t h e Co l q u h o u n w a s H u m p h ry K i rkp a t ri c k w h o w a s ,

gra n t e d th e l an d s o f C o l q u h o u n i n t h e re i gn o f A l ex an d e r I I T h e .

fi r s t t o a s s u m e th e n a m e o f Col q u h o u n w a s h i s s u c c e s so r I n gram ‘ .

I n t h i s c a s e a n d th i s i s o n l y o n e a m o n g s e v e ra l — t h e c l a n s m a n w h o
, ,
 sc oT C H A N D IR IS H S U R N A M E S . 189

wo re h i s b a d ge th e d ogb e r ry an d a s s u m e d t h e t a rt a n h a d n o t a
, , ,

d rop o f K i rkp at ri c k b l oo d i n h i s v e i n s .

S i o l F h i n i an i s t h e n a m e o f t h e c l a n M ac L e n n an It was .

fo u n d e d b y t h e s o n o f G i l l i e Go r m o f t h e L o ga n s i n R o s s s h i re i n ,
-

th e t h i rt e e n t h c e n t u ry H e w a s d e fo rm e d a n d w a s e d u c a t e d fo r
.
,

t h e e c c l e s i a s t i c a l p ro fe s s i o n t oo k p ri e s t s o rd e r s a n d h a d s e v e ra l
,
’
,

s o n s w h o m h e c a l l e d G i l l i e F h i n i an a n d f ro m t h e m c a m e t h e c l a n
, ,

M ac G i l l e In ai n n o w c o rru p t e d t o M ac L e n n an b u t w e c a n n o t s u p
, ,
”
p o s e t h a t t h e e n t i re c l a n i s t h e fru i t o f h i s l o i n s .

( O b s e rv e h o w l i gh t l y t h e i rre gu l a r re l a t i o n s o f t h e s e m o n k i s h
p r i e s t s i s p a s s e d o v e r Fa t h e r s t h e y w e re o f d i s t i n g u i s h e d d e

“
.
, ,

sc e n d an t s W h a t h y p o c ri s y an d i l l i c i t re l at i o n s h i p e xi s t e d th e n
.

a n d n ow ) .

T h e M ac N abs fo rm a c l a n d e s c e n d e d fro m t h e A b b o t o f G l e n
d o c k art w o,
h l i v e d b e t w e e n 1 150 a n d 1 180 A l l h i s l a n d s — p l u n .

d e re d f ro m t h e ab b e y— we re i n t h e v al l e y o f t h a t n am e H e h a d

“
.

so n s a n d t h e y c o n s t i t u t e d w i t h t h e re t a i n e r s p oa c h e d f ro m t h e
, ,

c h u rc h t h e c l a n o f M ac Nab— i e s o n s o f t h e A b b o t
,
. . . .

E w a n g ra n d s o n o f t h e c h i e f o f t h e c l a n C h att an i n t h e re i gn
.
,

of D av i d I b e c a m e A b b o t o f K i n gu s s i e t i l l 1153 w h e n h i s e l d er
, , ,

b ro t h e r d i e d w i t h o u t i s s u e w h e re u p o n h e ob t a i n e d a d i s p e n sa t i o n
,

fro m t h e p op e m a rri e d an d h a d t w o s o n s F ro m h i m ro s e t h e
, , .

c l a n M ac P h e rso n o r S o n s o f t h e P a r so n t h a t i s d i v i d e d i n to t w o
. ,

b ra n c h e s t h a t o f C l u n y a n d t h a t o f In v e rsh i re t o w h i c h l at t e r be
, ,

l on g t h e G i l l i e se s a n d t h e G i l l e sp i e s B u t t h a t i s n ot al l The

“
. .

h e a d s o f s o m e s i x t e e n o r s e v e n t e e n c l a n s a re d e s c e n d e d f ro m N o r
m a n —F re n c h o r S c a n d i n a v i a n fo u n d e r s .

Fu rt h e r o w i n g t o s u b d iv i s i o n may o f t h e c l a n s c a n n o t t ra c e
, ,

b a c k t o a re m o t e a n t i q u i ty T h e y c a m e i n t o b e i n g i n t h e t w e l ft h o r
.

th i rt e e n t h c e n t u ry s o m e e v e n l at e r t h an t h at
,
T h e M ac Qu ee n s .

w e re fo u n d e d i n t h e fi ft e e n t h c e n t u ry T h e c l a n M at h e s o n o ri g

“
.

i n at e s w i t h J o h n M a t h e so n a m a n b e l i e v e d t o h av e b e e n o f fo re i gn
.

e x t ra c t i o n w h o w a s k i l l e d i n 1587
, .

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T h e c h i e f i n h i s d u n w a s s u r ro u n d e d by fu n c t i o n a ri e s a n d
’

, ,

a s S i r Jo h n C a r r w ro t e i n h i s Ca l e d o n i a n S k e t c h e s i n 1809 : W h e n
‘ ‘
.
’

a c h i e f u n d e rto o k a j o u rn e y h e u s e d t o b e a tt e n d e d b y t h e fol l o w i n g
,

o f fi c e r s a n d s e rv an t s : t h e H e n c h m a n ; B a r d ; P i p e r s G i l l y wh o c a r ’

ri e d t h e p i p e ; P e ad i e r t h e s p o k e s m a n ; G i l l i mo re t h e b ro a d s wo rd
, ,

b e a re r ; G i l l i a st fl u e t o c a r r y t h e c h i e ft a i n wh e n o n foo t o v e r t h e
-

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, , ,

fo rd ; G i l l i C o n st rai n e l e a d e r o f t h e h o r s e i n ro u gh an d d a n ge ro u s
-

w ay s ; G i l l i — t ru sh an u ri c h b a gga ge m a n ,
-
.
’

T h e h i gh l a n d e r s b o re a n i m p l a c ab l e h a t re d t o wa r d s t h e l o w
l a n d e r s w h o m th e y re ga rd e d a s S a s s e n a c h s w h o h a d d i s p o s s e s s e d
. ,

th e m o f t h e i r ri c h e s t l a n d s ; a n d i n fo rm e r d ay s o n e o f t h e i r m a i n
re s o u rc e s i n h a rd t i m e s w a s t o i s s u e f ro m t h e i r p a s s e s a n d ra i d t h e
l o wl an d e r s .
 S U RN A M E B O O K .

B u t S a s se n a c h s t h e l o w l an d e r s w e re n o t ; t h e w h o l e o f B e r
n i c i a t h a t ext e n d e d f ro m t h e F i rt h of Fo rt h h a d b e e n c o n q u e re d
, ,

a n d c o l o n i z e d by t h e A n gl e s an d afte r t h a t t h e re h a d b e e n a n i n ,

fu s i o n a m on g th e m b y D an i s h a n d N o rs e b l oo d T h e o l d k i n gd o m .

o f S c o tl an d wa s o f v e ry l i m i t e d ex t e n t I t s t re t c h e d fro m t h e F i rt h .

o f Fo rt h t o t h e M o ray F i rt h i n t h e n o rt h ; a l l th e w e s t w a s G a e l i c
p e op l e d f ro m t h e n o rt h w e s t o f I re l a n d ; a n d a l l C a i t h n e s s S u t h e r ,

“
l a n d A rgy l l a n d t h e w e s t e rn I s l e s t oge t h e r w i t h O rk n e y a n d t h e
, , ,

S h e t l a n d s w e re h e l d by S c a n d i n av i a n s
,
.

A s m igh t b e exp e c te d i n t h e l o wl a n d s s u rn a m e s a re fo rm e d ,

i n t h e sa m e w ay a s t h o s e i n E n gl a n d a n d re s e m b l e s u c h a s a re c o m

“
.

mo n i n N o rt h u m b e rl an d a n d D u rh a m ; b u t i n t h e H i gh l a n d s wh e re ,

Ga e l i c p re v a i l s i t i s o t h e rw i s e
, .

H o w w i d e l y t h ro u gh S c ot l a n d fo re i gn b l oo d h a s fl ow e d a n d ,

p e n e t rat e d i n t o e v e n G a e l i c v e i n s m a y b e s e e n w h e n w e l o ok a t .

so m e o f t h e p ri n c i p a l fa m i l i e s an d e v e n c l a n s i n S c o tl a n d L e t u s . ,
.

‘ ’
t ak e so m e T h e G ra n t c l a n i s p u re l y C e l t i c a b ra n c h o f t h e v e ry
.
.

a n c i e n t c l a n M ac A l p i n e a n d c a rri e d t h e b a d ge o f th a t c l an B u t
, .

th e n am e i s u n m i s t aka b l y N o rm a n — L e G ra n d G e rv a s e of T i l b u ry .
,
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i n h i s O t i a Imp e ri al i a t e l l s u s t h a t G ra n t o r G ra u n t w a s t h e E n g
.
’

l i s h n am e f o r a gi a n t o r m o n s t e r T h e st o ry i s t o l d o f a n o l d e a rl .

o f S e afi e l d w h o d e s i re d t o e s t ab l i sh b ey on d d i sp u t e t h e a n t i q u i ty o f
h i s fa m i l y a n d a c c o rd i n gl y a l t e re d i n t h e fa m i l y B i b l e on e l e t t e r i n
,
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Gen . so i t re a d T h e re w e re G ra n t s i n t h e e a rt h i n t h o s e d ay s
.
’

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b e fo re t h e Fl o o d B u t sa i d a sk ep t i c a l f ri e n d th e D e l u ge c a m e
.
. .

’
a n d s w e p t t h e m a l l a wa y T h e e a rl fi x e d o n h i m a s t on y gl a n c e
.
.

‘
an d re p l i e d h a u gh t i l y : T h a t v e rs e h a s b e e n m i s p l ac e d a n d s h o u l d .

h a v e c om e a ft e r t h e Fl oo d .
’

‘ ’
Cu m m i n i s fro m D e Co m i n e s W i l l i a m th e Co n q u e ro r s e n t .

Rob e rt d e C o m i n e s t o b e e a rl o f N o rt h u m b ri a b u t h e wa s k i l l e d by ,

t h e p e op l e o f D u rh a m i n 106 9 A k i n s m a n w e n t n o rt h b e y o n d t h e

“
.

T we e d a n d h i s d e s c e n d a n t s h av e c o n s t i t u t e d a p o w e rfu l c l an a n d
.
,

w e a r t h e c u m m i n a s t h e i r b a d ge a n d h av e t h e i r o w n t a rt an .

‘ ’
F ra z e r i s re a l l y D e F re z e l a fa m i l y o f T o u ra i n e Re n e , .

F re z e l s s e c o n d so n c a m e t o E n gl a n d w i t h t h e C on q u e ro r
’
A de .

sc e n d an t fo u n d fav o u r a n d l a n d w i t h D av i d I w h o w a s a gre a t i m .
,

p o rt e r o f A n gl o N o rm a n b l oo d -
T h e F ra z e r s h a v e t h e i r t a rt a n .

an d t h e i r b a d ge t h e y e w , .

‘
T h e Ke rr s a ga i n a re o f s i m i l a r o ri gi n Tw o b ro t h e r s s e t t l e d
’
, , .

i n S c ot l a nd i n t h e th i rte e n t h c e n t u ry N o n e k n e w w h i c h w a s th e .

e l d e r o f t h e t wo a n d n e i th e r wo u l d y i e l d s u p e ri o ri t y t o t h e o t h e r
, ,

an d t h i s l e d t o s u c h b i tt e r a n i m o s i t y t h a t i n 1590 R ob e rt K e rr

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o f C e ssf o rd k i l l e d W i l l i a m K e rr o f A n c ru m i n a d i s p u t e a s t o p re c e
dence .

‘ ’
T h e L i n d s ay s a l so a re n o t of S c o t t i s h a n c e s to rs ; t h e y we re
,

o ri gi n a l l y D e L i me say fro m th e P a y s d e Ca u x n e a r P av i l l y n o rt h , ,
192 SU R NA M E B O O K .

‘
T h e M ac L eo d s a l s o fo rm a c l a n s u b d i v i d e d i n t o t wo s u b
’

c l a n s i s s u i n g f ro m t w o N o r s e m e n Th o rk el l a n d Th o rmo d ,
.

M a c c u s w a s t h e n a m e o f o n e of D a v i d I s fo re i gn fa v o ri t e s
’ ’

p ro b a b l y A n gl o N o rm a n — a n d h e w a s g i v e n l a rge p o s s e s s i o n s H e
-
.

c al l e d h i s c h i e f p l a c e o r re s i d e n c e M ac c u sv i l l e a n d t h i s b e c a m e
-
,
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M ax w e l l .

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S i n c l a i r i s a l s o a fa m i l y a n d n a m e o f N o rm a n o ri gi n T h e
’
.

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S i re d e S t C l a i re i s n a m e d i n th e Ro m a n d e R o u a s h av i n g b e e n
. .

p re s e n t a t t h e B a t t l e o f H a s t i n g s .

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, . . .

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H a m i l to n s a ga i n a re o f N o rm a n d e sc e n t an d d e ri v e f ro m
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, ,

Wa l t e r F i t z G i l be rt .

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B a rc l ay i s D e B e rk e l ai
’
.

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c l a n s h e a d e d b y o r n a m e d a ft e r c h i e fta i n s n ot o f S c o t t i s h ra c e ,

S c o t l a n d h a s k n o w n h o w t o re p ay th e wo rl d W h e re a re n ot .

S c ot c h m e n n o w t o b e fo u n d ? H a l f t h e n o b l e fa m i l i e s i n S we d e n a re

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o f S c o tt i s h a n c e s t ry I n I n d i a i n S o u t h A f ri c a i n A m e ri c a t h e y
.
, , ,

a re e v e ry w h e re a n d e v e ry w h e re t o t h e fo re
,
.

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T h e M ac D o n al d c l a n i s o f h i gh a n t i q u i ty a n d d e sc e n d s fro m
’

G i l l e B ru d e a P i c t
,
.

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Th e M ac D u ff c l a n i s fo rm e d o u t o f t h e c l a n C h att an’
Its .

ba d ge i s a s p ri g o f b ox .

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M a c fa rl a n e i s a c l a n oc c u py i n g t h e w e s t e rn b l a n k o f L o c h
Lomon d . T h e n a m e s i gn i fi e s So n o f B a rt h o l o m e w a n d d e r i v e s ,

f ro m o n e s o c a l l e d g ra n d s o n o f D u n c a n M ac Gi l c h ri st a y o u n ge r
, ,

b ro t h e r o f M al d u i n E a rl o f L e n n ox T h e b a d ge i s t h e c ra n b e rry
, . .

‘
M ac In t o sh a b ra n c h o f t h e c l a n C h at t an
’

, .

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M ac In n i s t h e c l a n o f t h e s o n s o f A n gu s h e re d i t a r y b o w m e n
, ,

to t h e c h i e f s o f M ac K i n n o n .

‘
M ac In ty re i s a b ra n c h o f t h e M ac D o n al d s
’
.

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M a c ka y S i o l M h o rg ai n w a s t h e a n c i e n t n a m e o f t h e M a c
.
’

kay s a C e l t i c s t o c k th a t re t re a t e d i n t o th e m o u n t a i n s b e fo re t h e
,

i n v a d i n g N o rt h m e n T h e b a d ge i s a b u l l ru s h . .

‘
M ac K e n z i e t h e c l a n o f t h e so n s o f K e n n e t h
’
, .

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M a c k i n l ay t h e so n s o f F i o n n l ad h a n gl i c i z e d i n to F i n l a y
,
’
, .

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M ac K i n n o n a s ep t o f M ac A l p i n e
’
.
,

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M ac L ac h l an i n A rgy l l s h i re i n S t rat h l ac h l an ; t h e i r b a d ge
,
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,

i s a s p ri g o f a s h .

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M a c l a re n T h i s c l a n i s o f C e l t i c o ri g i n a n d o c c up i e d a
.
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n a rro w st ri p o f c o u n t ry e xt e n d i n g f ro m L o c h e a rn h e a d t o t h e l an d s
‘
o f t h e M ac G reg o r o f G l e n gyl e T h e s e l at t e r a re o f t h e M ac A l p i n e
’ ‘

s to c k
M ac L e an ( a c t u al l y M a c g i o l l a E a n ) s i gn i fi e s t h e s o n o f
’
- -
.

t h e se rv a n t o f J o h n T h e b a d ge i s th e sa m e a s t h at o f th e M a c ke n
.
 S COT CH A N D I RI S H S URNA M ES . 193

z i c s a s p ri g o f h o l l y i n d i c a t i n g a c om m o n o ri gi n T h e c l a n i s , .

sa i d t o h av e o ri g i n at e d w i t h t h e s o n s o f G i l l —
,
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i a n w i t h th e batt l e ,
.

ax e a C e l t i c c h i e f w h o s e d a t e i s u n d e t e rm i n e d
’

,
The lan ds of the .

‘
c l an a re i n t h e I s l e o f M u l l So a l so a re t h o s e o f t h e M ac L ai n e s .
.
’

wh i c h i s s u e s fro m H e c t o r R e g an ac h b ro t h e r o f L au c h l an . .

‘ ‘
La ban ac h fro m w h om s p ra n g t h e M ac L e an s o f D u a st T h e M ac ’

Mi l l a n s w e r e d e p e n d e n t s o n t h e c l a n C a m e ro n
.

’
.

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VIa c N au g h t e n T h i s c l a n d e s c e n d s fro m N ec t an a P i c t i s h
’
.

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,

k i n g T h e l a n d s w e re i n t h e I s l e o f Lo rn a n d i t s b a d ge t h e t ra i l
.
,

i n g w i l d az a l e a -
.

‘
T h e M ac N e i l s d i v i d e d i n to t wo s e p t s o c c up y i n g t h e w e s t e rn
’

“
, .

i s l e s o f G i g h a a n d B a rr a h av e t h e s a m e b a d ge a s t h e L a m o n t s t h e .
,

c l o v e r o r t re fo i l a n d p ro b ab l y h a v e th e s a m e o ri gi n
. .

T h e c l a n M ac Qu arri e i s v e r y a n c i e n t a n d i s d e s c e n d e d fro m
‘ ’
,

t h e D al ri ad i c S c o t t i s h p ri n c e s I t i s a b ra n c h o f t h e c l a n M a c .

Alpine .

‘ ’
M u n ro i s a n a n c i e n t c l a n p l a n t e d o n t h e n o rt h s i d e o f t h e .

C ro m a rt y F i rt h T h e b a d ge i s t h e c l ub m o s s .
-
.

‘
M u rrav al s o i s a n a n c i e n t C e l t i c c l a n i t s b a dge t h e b u t c h
’
.

s b roo m
-
.

‘ ’
R ob e rt s o n a c l a n i n P e rt h s h i re c a l l e d i n t h e h i gh l a n d s t h e
.
,

c l a n D o mn ac h i e i s d e s c e n d e d fro m t h e H o u s e o f A t h o l e
. .

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G i l l i s t h e C e l t i c fo r s e rv a n t a n d G i l de ro 1 i s t h e k i n g s
’ ’ '

‘ ‘
_

s e rv a n t G i l l c h ri st t h e s e rv a n t o f o u r L o rd G i l l p at ri c k t h e s e rv a n t
,
’
.
’

‘ ‘ ‘
o f P a t ri c k G i l mo rv t h e s e rv a n t o f M a rv G i l l e sc o p o r G i l l e sp i e
.
’ ’ ’

‘ ‘
t h e b i s h op s s e rv ant G i l m o r e t h e h e a d s e rv a n t
’
G i l l i e i s re al l v
,
’
.
’

Gi l l J e s u s .

B y a n a c t o f t h e S c o tt i s h P ri 1 y Co u n c i l Ap ri l 3 1603 t h e . .

n a me o f M ac G re g o r 11 a s e xp r e s s l y ab o l i s h e d a n d t h o s e w h o h ad
‘ ’
.

h i th e rto h o m e i t w e re c o m m a n d e d t o c h a n ge i t fo r o t h e r s u r
n am e s t h e p a i n o f d e a t h b e i n g d e n o u n c e d aga i n s t t h o s e 11 h o s h o u l d
,

c a l l t h e m s e l 1 e s G re go r o r \ Iac G re g o r t h e i r c l a n n a m e s B 1 a s ub . .

s e q u e n t A c t o f Co u n c i l J u n e 24 16 13 d e at h w a s d e n o u n c e d a ga i n s t . . .

au v p e r so n o f t h e c l a n fo u n d s t i l l b e a ri n g e i t h e r o f t h e s e n a m e s .

A ga i n by a n a c t o f P a rl i a m e n t 16 17 t h e s e l a w s w e re re i n fo rc e d
. , .

a n d ex t e n d e d t o t h e r i s i n g ge n e rat i o n i n a s m u c h a s g re a t n u m b e r s .

o f t h e c h i l d re n o f t h o s e a ga i n s t w h om t h e a c t s o f t h e P ri v y Co u n c i l
h a d b e e n d i re c t e d w e re s t a t e d t o b e t h e n ap p roa c h i n g m at u ri t y .

wh o i f p e rm i t t e d to re s u m e t h e n a m e o f t h e i r p a re n t s w o u l d re n
.
.

d e r t h e c l a n a s s t ro n g a s i t w a s b e fo re O n t h e R e s t o ra t i o n K i n g . .

C h a rl e s I I i n t h e fi r s t S c ot t i s h P a rl i a m e n t o f h i s re i gn an

“
,

n u l l e d t h e va ri o u s a c t s a ga i n s t t h e c l a n M ac G reg o r a n d re s to re d .

t h e m e m b e r s to t h e fu l l u s e o f t h e n a m e .

Fa m i l i e s w h e n a s s u m i n g a s u rn a m e w e n t b a c k m a n y ge n e ra
. .

t i o n s s o a s t o b e ab l e t o c a l l t h e m s e l v e s a ft e r t h e m o s t i l l u st ri o u s
.

‘
n a m e i n t h e rac e T h u s t h e O N e i l l s d e ri v e fro m N i a l l o f t h e N i n e ’ ’
.

H o s t a ge s w h o re c e i v e d S t Pa t ri c k a n d d i e d i n 405
. . . .
194 SU R N A M E B O O K .

I
I
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Iri sh N ame s n ou l d s ays :
B ari n

Ch a rl e s X I I w a s a c c omp a n i e d o n h i s c a m p a i gn s by
.

a l a rge n u m b e r o f S c o t t i s h o f fi c e rs— m o st l y s c i o n s of fa m i l i e s w h o s e
me m b e r s h a d s e rv e d h i s fa th e r an d g ra n d fat h e r o r ev e n wo n l a u re l s .

u n d e r t h e gre at G u s t av u s A m o n g t h e m we m e e t w i t h t h e D o ug
.

l a s e s H a m i l t on s M ac d o u g al s— w h o i n S w e d e n fi gu re d a s D u w al l s
,

—R a m s a y s Sp e n s e r s a n d S i n c l a i r s B u t i t w a s n ot o n l y i n t h e
,

“
.
. ,

a rm y th a t S c ot s ap p e a re d i n S we d e n ; t h e y c a m e an d s e t t l e d th e re
a s m e rc h a n t s a s w e l l a n d t h e re a m a s s e d l a rge fo rt u n e s
.
.

S c ot t i s h n a m e s h ow e v e r b e c a m e c u ri o u s l y d i sgu i s e d i n th e
. .

fa m i l i e s t h e y fo u n d e d a n d i n d e e d i n t h e c o n t e m p o ra r y a rm y l i s t s
, , . .

R ob sa h m s t an d s fo r Rob so n o r Rob i n son ; S i n c k l e r fo r S i n c l a i r :

W u d d fo r W oo d ; Fo rb u s f o r Fo rb e s ; B o i j i s B oy e s ; B o th w e l l be
c o m e s B o ssv e l d ; B ru c e i s S p e l l e d B ru x a n d B ry ssz ; C ol q u h o u n i s
re n d e re d n o t on l y K ah u n b u t al s o C an o n h j e l m : D o u gl a s b e c o m e s
,

D u g l i t z a n d F i n d l a y i s re n d e re d F i n l ai j ; G re i g e xp a n d s i n to G re i g
,

g e n sc h i l d t ; an d s om e e n t i re l y c h a n ge d t h e i r n a m e s .

I t i s e s t i m a t e d by A n d e r so n t h a t F re n c h s u rn a m e s b e c a m e t h e
p a s s i o n i n F ra n c e i n 1000 E n gl a n d a d op t e d t h e c u s to m b e gi n
.
,

n i n g w i t h th e i n v a s i o n o f t h e N o rm a n s i n 106 6 b u t t h e c u s to m wa s .

n ot a d op t e d i n S c o t l an d u n t i l af t e r 1100 St u a rt an d H a m i l t o n a re
’

a m o n g t h e fi r s t a cc re d i t e d S c o t c h s u rn a m e s Sc o tc h s u rn a m e s fo l .

l o w t h e s a m e d i v i s i o n s a s a re k n o w n i n E n gl i s h c u s to m s T h e re .

we re t e rri to ri al n a m e s ; t h e re w e re p l ac e n a m e s b o t h o f t h e l o c a l -

l a n gua ge a n d o f t h e i m p o rt e d N o rm a n t o n gu e T h e S c o tc h p e op l e .
,

e s p e c i al l y i n t h e l owl an d s n a m e d t h e i r c h i l d re n a ft e r s a i n t s a n d
.
.

m a rty r s ; t h e y n i c k n a m e d f ro m s i z e c ol o r a n d v a ri o u s d e s i re d q u a l .

i t i e s o f c h a ra c t e r T h e y s u rn a m e d t h e m se l v e s w i t h s i re n a m e s
. .

T h e N o rm a n F i t z ( s o n ) u s e d i n t h e l o w l a n d s soo n b e c a m e A d a m
,

so n R i c h a rd s on e tc b u t th e i n d o m i ta b l e h i gh l an d e r s re t a i n e d t h e
, , .
,

M a c ( so n ) i n m o s t i n st an c e s .
I

A l a w p a s s e d i n 1495 re gu l a t e d s u rn a m e c u s to m s a n d fro m .

t h a t t i m e t h e re a re c l e a r s u rn a m e l i n e s fo r s u c h a s m ay p ro v e d e
s c e n t f ro m t h e fa m o u s ol d S c o t c h fa m i l i e s T h e e a rl y c l a n s u r .

n a m e s w e re M L e an M L e o d M In t o sh M N e i l l M D o w al l an d
’

,
’

,
’

,
’
,
’

M ac K e n z i e S u rn a m e s w e re a l s o t ak e n fro m t ra d e s a n d oc c u p a
.

t i o n s M i n s t re l s fu rn i s h e d so m e s u rn a m e s T h e M o o re s w e re n o t
. .

fo rgo tt e n H an gi n g s i gn s ga v e o c c a s i o n a l s u rn a m e s a n d e v e r y
.
,

w h e re N o rm a n o f fi c i a l s i n t h e l o wl a n d s b e q u e a th e d t h e i r s u rn a m e s
t o t h e m ix e d p o s t e ri ty .

Sc o tc h s u rn a m e t ra c i n g i s p e rh ap s a s e a sy a s an y n a t i o n , ,

kn o w n b e c a u s e o f t h e i r c l a n n i s h n e s s an d t h e i r ri gi d ob s e r v a t i o n o f
,

l e ga l a n d re l i gi o u s re c o rd re q u i re m e n t s .

I n t h e fo u rt e e n t h a n d fi ft e e n th c e n t u ri e s w h e n t h e I r i s h fam ,

i l i e s h a d i n c re a s e d a n d t h e i r t e rri t o ri e s u n d e rw e n t s u b d i v i s i on
,
’
am on g b ra n c h e s o f t h e s a m e s e p t e ac h c h i e ft a i n fo r d i s t i n c t i o n s
'

.
 XXI .

WE L SH GE N E AL O GY .

N o n e o f t h e p ri m i t i v e E u rop e a n p e op l e s w e re m o re p a rt i c u l a r
c o n c e rn i n g t h e i r ge n e a l ogy t h a n t h e o ri gi n a l Ce l t i c ra c e T h ro u gh .

th e i r b a rd s a n d t h e i r h e ra l d i c c u s to m s t h e y k e p t t h e i r p e d i g re e s
c l o s e k n i t fro m ge n e rat io n t o ge n e rat i o n an d i t w a s d e e m e d a s h am e
-

“
,

i f t h e t ri b a l o r c l a n b a rd n e gl e c t e d a u gh t o f h i s d u ty i n t h e ri g i d
’
p re p a ra t i o n a n d s k i l fu l m e m o ri z i n g o f h i s p eo p l e s p e d i gre e s T h e .

”
fo l l o w i n g a c c o u n t o f th e i r c u s to m s i s fo u n d i n Yo u n g s Fa m i l y ,

p u b l i s h e d b y S e l ah Yo u n g s J r l 907 F ro m t h e p re fac e w e gi v e
,
‘
.

t h e fo l l ow i n g :
T h e W e l s h c a m e o ri gi n a l l y fro m A s i a a n d w e re o f t h e A ry a n ,

fa m i l y T h e y i n v a d e d E a s t e rn E u rop e ab o u t 1500 B C a n d w e re
. . .
,

t e rm e d by t h e G re e k s G a l a t a e by th e Ro m a n s G a l l i o r Ce l t s ( Ce l t s
,

o r K e l t s ) T h e y we re d ri v e n w e s tw a rd a n d s e t t l e d i n S p a i n N o rth
. . ,

I t a l y F ra n c e B e l gi u m a n d t h e B ri t i s h I sl e ; a n d we re t h e fi r s t c i v
, , ,

i l i z e d i n h ab i t an t s of E n gl a n d a n d \ Va l e s B e fo re t h e i r s u p e ri o r .

“
a rm s a n d p ro w e s s t h e a b o ri gi n e s o f th e s to n e a n d fl i n t a ge s d i sap
p eare d .

I n th e i n t e rv e n i n g c e n t u ri e s p ri o f t o th e Ro m a n o c c u p at i o n
, ,

t h e y S p re a d ov e r E n gl a n d a n d \Va l e s an d S c o tl a n d a s fa r n o rt h a s ,

th e Fi rt h s o f Fo rt h a n d C l y d e I t wa s b e t w e e n t h e se F i rth s t h a t th e
.

“
Rom a n s ab o u t 80 A D e re c t e d th e Ro m a n wal l t o d e fe n d B ri t a i n
,
. .
, ,

fro m t h e i n c u r s i o n s o f t h e P i c t s an d S c ot s .

T h e a n c i e n t n a m e o f t h i s t e rri t o ry w as C a m b r i a ( th e l a n d o f
t h e C y mbri ) an d l at e r t h e Ro m a n s gav e to i t th e n a m e o f B ri t a i n
,
.

T h e e a rl i e s t re c o r d s o f t h e h i s t o r y o f B ri t a i n a re t h e m a n

“
u sc ri p t s a n d p o e t ry o f th e C a m b ri an s w h o w e re t h e a n c e s t o r s o f th e .

B ri to n s a n d m o d e rn W e l s h .

I n t h e v e a r 55 B C t h e Ro m a n s u n d e r J u l i u s C a e sa r i n v a d e d
. . . ,

B ri ta i n a n d a ft e r b e i n g h e l d a t bay f o r e i gh t y e a r s c on q u e re d t h e
,

S i l u re s a t ri b e i n h ab i t i n g th e c o u n t i e s o f M o n m o u t h a n d H e re fo rd
,

T h e re n ow n e d K i n g Ca ra ct a c u s wa s c a p t u re d th ro u gh t re ac h e r y by , ,

“
t h e Ro m a n ge n e ra l A st o ri u s S c ap u l o a n d t ak e n i n c h ai n s t o R o m e .

t o gra c e th e t ri u m p h o f h i s c ap t o r .

“
A ft e r h ol d i n g B ri t a i n i n s u b j e c t i o n fo r o v e r fo u r h u n d re d
v e ars t h e Ro m an s
,
ab o u t 410 A D gra d u a l l y re t i re d
.
. . .
.

T h e l e av mg o f t h e R o m a n s w a s fol l ow e d by a n a tt a c k o n t h e
B ri to n s bv t h e P i c t s a n d S c o t s V o rt ige rn w h o w a s t h e s o v e re i gn
.
,

o f th e D i me t ae an d 0 1 erl o rd o r s u p re m e ru l e r o f B ri t a i n i n v i t e d th e
.
,
 W E LS H GEN EA LO GY . 197

S ax on s o v e r to d e fe n d h i s c o u n t ry b u t t h e S axo n s p e rfi d i o u sl y s e n t ,

“
fo r re i n fo rc e m e n t s c o n s i s t i n g o f S axo n s D a n e s a n d A n gl e s a n d
, , , ,

d ro v e t h e B ri to n s t o t h e w e s t o f E n gl a n d a n d i n t o \Val e s .

A t t h i s t i m e G wy n e t h o r t h e S n o w d o n d i st r i c t ( N o rt h W a l e s )
.
,

w a s i n t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e D ec an g i a G o i d e l i c t ri b e ; Po wy s t h e , ,

e xt e ns i v e B e rw i n d i s t ri c t b o rd e ri n g o n t h e W e s t o f E n gl a n d w a s
.
.

ru l e d b y t h e Or d ov i c e s a B ry t h o n i c t ri b e I n D yv e d a n d Ca rd i ga n
'

. .

P o r t h e P l i n l i mmo n d i s t ri c t l i v e d t h e D e mt i a a Go i d e l i c t r i b e ;
, , ,

a n d M o rg an w eg a n d G w e n t t h e B l a c k M o u n t a i n d i s t ri c t we re t h e
, ,

h o m e s o f t h e d a rk S i l u re s w h o w e re a Go i d e l i c t ri b e T h e s e t wo

“
. .

k i n d re d ra c e s t h e Go i d e l s a n d B ry th o n s s t ru ggl e d b i tt e rl y aga i n s t
, , ,

e ac h ot h e r fo r t h e s o v e re i gn t y o f t h i s t e rri to ry .

T h e \ V e l sh m an s p e d i gre e w a s h i s t i t l e d e e d b y wh i c h h e
’

c l a i m e d h i s b i rt h r i gh t i n t h e c o u n t ry E v e r y o n e wa s ob l i ge d t o .

‘
s h o w h i s d e s c e n t t h ro u gh n i n e ge n e rat io n s i n o r d e r t o b e ac k n o w l
e d ge d a fre e n a t i v e a n d b y t h i s h e c l a i m e d h i s p o rt i o n o f l a n d i n t h e
,

c o m m u n i t y A p e r s o n p a s t t h e n i n t h d e s c e n t fo rm e d a n e w h e a d o f
.

a fa m i l y ; a n d e v e r y fa m i l y w a s re p re s e n t e d b y i t s e l d e r w h o w a s a ,

d e l e ga t e t o t h e N a t i o n a l Co u n c i l A m on g a p e op l e w h e re s u rn a m e s
.

w e re n o t i n u s e a n d w h e re t h e r i gh t o r p rop e rty d e p e n d e d o n d e
,

s c e n t a n a t t e n t i o n t o p e d i gre e w a s i n d i sp e n s ab l e ; h e n c e t h e s e c o n d
,

o r d e r o f B a r d s o r H e ra l d B a r d s w h o s e d u ty i t w a s t o re gi st e r p e d

“
, ,

i g re e s a n d a rm s C y n w ri g ap ( so n o f ) Gro u w w h o l i v e d ab o u t th e
.
,

y e a r 145 A D w a s a B a rd
. .
,
.

I t i s fro m t h e s e a n c i e n t m a n u s c ri p t s p e d i gre e s a n d c o a t s o f , ,

a rm s a n d t h e fa m i l y p e d i gre e s t ak e n b y t h e Co u n t y V i s i ta t i o n s t h a t

“
, ,

w e l e a rn s o m e w h a t o f t h e h i s to ry o f o u r W e l s h an c e st o r s t h e i r l i n e ,

o f d e s c e n t a n d i n te r m a r ri age .

’
B y t h e u s e o f a c e rt a i n c o a t o f a rm s o n e a s s e rt s o n e s d e s c e n t

“
f ro m t h e p e r s o n t o w h o m t h o s e a rm s w e re gra n t e d c o n fi rm e d o r al ,

l o we d .

T u d o r T r e v o r L o r d o f V h i tt i n g t o n O s w e s t ry a n d bo t h
'
V
. ,
‘
M ae l o rs i n P o wy s i n ri gh t o f h i s fa t h e r ; fo u n d e r o f t h e T ri b e o f
,

M a rc h e s ; K i n g o f G l o s t e r a n d E a rl o f H e re fo rd i n ri gh t o f h i s
’

m o t h e r ; s u rn am e d T re v o r fro m t h e p l a c e o f h i s b i rt h C o D e n bi g h , .
I

“
so n o f Y n y r ( H o rn o ri u s ) b y R e i n g ar h i s w i fe ; m a r ri e d A n g are t ( o r
y
Gl a d w i n ) d a u gh t e r o f H o w e l l D h a
,
.

T h e a n c e s t r y o f T u d o r T re v o r a n d o f h i s w i fe A n g aret a s , ,

g i v e n i n t h e s e a n c i e n t re c o r d s e xt e n d ba c k t h ro u gh t h e s e l 1n e s o f

“
,

W e l s h r u l e r s t o t h e t i m e o f t h e Ro m a n s u p re m a c y .

T u d o r ( T h e o d o re ) T re vo r o n h i s fat h e r s s i d e w a s d e sc e n d e d
,
’

f ro m F e rn v ai l K i n g o f G w e n t a n d M o n m o u t h w h o s e s o n V o r
, . ,

t i ge rn w a s b e t ray e d by th e S axo n s an d d ri v e n i n to W a l e s w h e re
. .

h e b u i l t a c i t a d e l i n Ca rn a rvo n s h i re 0 11 t h e S n o w d o n M o u n t a i n ,
.

T h i s m o u n t a i n w a s h e l d a s s ac re d a n d i t w a s s a i d t h a t w h o e v e r .

sl ep t u p o n i t wo u l d wa ke i n sp i re d .
 S U RN A M E B O O K .

When all wa s stil l

‘ ’

O 11 Snowdon s H il l ’

W a s h e a rd a m a gi c so u n d .

’
T w a s M e rl i n s v o i c e ’

M a d e m e n re j o i c e
A n d s e n t i t s e c h o e s ro u n d .
’

F ro m V o rt i ge rn w a s d e s c e n d e d C a t e l — T i ge rn L ug 450 A D -
,
. .
,

a n d fro m h i s so n G w n fi e w f ry c h t h e l i n e fol l o w s o n d ow n th ro u gh
u n d e r c h i e ft a i n s o r Iarl l s t o T u d o r T re vo r .

‘
R h e i n g ar m ot h e r o f T u d o r T re v o r an d d a u gh t e r a n d h e i re s s
. .

o f L l u d d o c k a K i n g o f G l o s t e r a n d E a rl o f H e re fo rd w a s d e s c e n d e d
,
.

fro m C arrad aw e ( o r C a ra d o c ) F re i c h f ra s ( h i m o f th e b raw n y a rm ) ,

E a rl o f H e re fo rd an d K i n g o f C o rn wa l l 542 A D wh o s e m o th e r

“
. .

wa s Y se n n e o r S t G w e n d ol e n o r G w e n t th e b e a u t i fu l n i e c e of K i n g
. . .

A rt h u r .

S i r C a ra d o c w a s a k n i gh t o f K i n g A rt h u r s Ro u n d T ab l e ; a n d ’

h i s w i fe T e ga n E u e rv ro n ( T e ga n o f th e go l d e n b e a rd ) d a u gh t e r o f .

th e K i n g o f Co rn w a l l w a s o n e o f t h e th re e fa i re s t w om e n o f K i n g
.

A rth u r s Co u rt a n d w a s th e l a d y wh o ga i n e d t h e h o rn a n d m a n t l e
’
. ,

a s th e p ri z e o f h e r c h a s t i t y b e c a u s e sh e c o u l d d ri n k f ro m t h e o n e
.

a n d we a r t h e o th e r .

S i r Ca ra d o c c al l e d h i s l a d y .

A n d b a d e h e r t o c o m e n e are
>1
< 1
>< >1
< >1
<

W h e n sh e h a d t an e t h e m a n t l e
A n d p u t i t o n h e r b ac k .

M o s t ri c h a n d fa i r o f c o l lo r .

L i k e gol d i t gl i t t e ri n g sh o n e .

’
A n d m u c h t h e K n i gh t s i n A rth u r s Co u rt
’
A d m i re d be r e v e r y on e .

“
S i d e by s i d e w i t h th e se l i n e s w a s t h a t o f C u n n e d d a an d h i s
d e s c e n d a n t s th e an c e s t o rs o f T u d o r T re vo r s w i fe A n g are t
.
’
.

C u n n e d d a K i n g o f C u m b ri a S t rat h c l y d e an d p a rt o f W a l e s
. . .

w a s t h e s o n o f t h e Ro m a n A e t e rn u s ( E d e rn ) wh o m a r ri e d a
‘

B r y t h o n Gw a w l t h e d a u gh t e r o f Co e l Co e d h baw g t h e K i n g o f

“
. . .

Co e l i n s i n c e c al l e d K y l e i n t h e p re s e n t c o u n t y o f A y r S c ot l an d
.
,
.

T h i s Co e l i s t h e o l d K i n g Col e o f t ra d i t i on .

A e t e rn u s w a s th e so n o f P at e rn u s ( P a d e rn ) B i sru d B i sru d

“
,

m e a n i n g h i m o f th e re d t u n i c a s 11 e h a d wo rn t h e o f fi c i a l p u rp l e an d
, ,

w a s D u x B ri t an n i ae i n c o m m a n d o f t h e fo rc e s on t h e W a l l .

C u n n e d d a w a s al s o i n c o m m a n d o n t h e W a l l b u t a ft e r t h e

“
, .

Rom a n s l e ft w a s d ri v e n s o u t h by t h e S a x on s an d D an e s i n t o W al e s
.
,

w h e re 11 e m a d e De ga n w y h i s c h i e f se at o f p o we r .

F ro m h i m w a s d e sc e n d e d a l o n g l i n e o f ru l e r s w h o m a i n t a i n e d .
 200 SU RNA M E B O O K .

WE L SH P E DI GR E E S .

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 WE LSH G EN EA LO G Y
’
. 20 1

a ge so m uc h ex c e l l e d c o u l d j u s t l y b o a s t o f v e ry h i gh a n t i q u i ty I t s
,
.

fi r s t a n d p ure s t p ri n c i p l e s a t l e a s t d e s c e n d e d to t h e m to ge th e r w i th ,

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, , ,

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, ,

t i on s d e ri v e d t h e i r o ri gi n Fo r i t i s n ot t o b e i m ag i n e d t h a t t h i s
.

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fro m N o a h c o u l d b e u n a c q u a i n te d w i t h t h e k n ow l e d ge o f th e t ru e
,

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‘

n egl e c t e d t o c o m m u n i c a t e t h i s k n o w l e d ge t o h i s de sce n da nt s ,

t h ro u gh w h o m i t p a s s e d t o s u c c e e d i n g a ge s B u t u n h ap p i l y t h e .
, ,

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,

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.
, , .

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‘

a n d b e c o m e t u rb i d i n i t s p ro gre s s .

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.
,

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t h e i r p ri v a t e s c h o o l s t o c o n c e a l o r d i sgu i s e th e t ru th I t i s n o t i m .

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, ,
‘
O n e G o d t h e c re at o r a n d go v e r n o r o f t h e u n i v e r s e T h i s w a s o ri g
, .
’

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l o w e r s a n d i t w a s re t a i n e d b y s o m e o f t h e m l o n g a ft e r t h e p e ri o d
,

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.
, ,

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T h a t th e re .

’
i s o n e G o d t h e c re at o r o f h e a v e n a n d e a rt h i s o n e o f t h e d oc t ri n e s
. ,

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u a i n t s u s t h a t t h e D ru i d s t a u gh t t h e i r d i s c i p l e s m a n y t h i n g s c on
q ,

c e rn i n g t h e n a t u re a n d p e rfe c t i o n s o f Go d S o m e w ri t e r s a re o f .

o p i n i o n a n d h a v e t a ke n m u c h l e a rn e d p a i n s t o p rov e t h at o u r
, ,

D ru i d s a s w e l l a s o t h e r o r d e r s o f p r i e st s t a u gh t t h e i r d i sc i p l e s
, ,

m a n y t h i n g s c o n c e rn i n g t h e c re a t i o n o f t h e wo rl d ; t h e fo rm at i o n of
m a n ; h i s p ri m i t i v e i n n o c e n c e a n d fe l i c i t y ; h i s fal l i n to gu i l t a n d
m i s e r y ; t h e c re a t i o n o f t h e a n ge l s ; t h e i r re b e l l i o n a n d exp u l s i o n
o u t o f h e av e n ; t h e u n i v e r s a l d e l u ge ; t h e fi n a l d e s t ru c t i o n o f t h i s
wo rl d b y fi re ; a n d t h a t t h e i r o p i n i o n s o n a l l t h e s e s u b j e c t s we re
n o t v e ry d i f f e i e n t fro m t h o se w h i c h a re c o n t a i n e d i n t h e w ri t i n g s
I

of M o s e s an d i n o t h e r p a rt s o f S c ri t re
,
.

‘ ‘
T h e re a re t h re e c l a s s e s o f m e n s ay s S t rab o wh o a re h i gh ,
’
,

l y a n d u n i v e r s al l y e s t e e m e d a m o n g t h e B ri t on s
. T h e s e a re t h e .

B a rd s th e O v a t e s an d t h e D ru i d s T h e B a r d s a re p o e t s a n d mu
, , .

si c i a n s ; t h e O v a t e s a re p ri e s t s a n d p h y s i o l o gi s t s ; a n d t h e D ru i d s

a d d t h e s t u d y o f m o ra l p h i l o so p h y to t h a t o f p h y s i ol o gy I f i t we re .
’

n e c e s s a ry t h e t e s t i m on y o f s e v e ra l ot h e r a u t h o r s o f a n t i q u i t y m i gh t
,
_ 02 SURNA M E B OO K .

b e p ro d u c e d t o p ro v e t h at th e D ru i d s o f B ri ta i n a n d G a u l ap p l i e d
.

t h e m s e l v e s w i th gre a t a s s i d u i t y t o th e s t u d y o f t h e s c i e n c e s .
.

B o t h Ca e s a r a n d M e l a ob s e rv e th a t th e y h a d fo rm e d .

1 er
y ext e n s i v e s y s t e m s o f A st ro n o m y a n d o f N a t u ra l P h i l o sop h y ,

an d th e s e s y s t e m s t oge t h e r w i t h t h e i r ob s e rv a t i o n s 0 11 o th e r
.

p a rt s o f l e a rn i n g w e re so 1 o l u m i n o u s t h a t th e i r s c h ol a r s sp e n t
. .

n o l e s s t h a n t w e n t y y e a r s i n m ak i n g th e m se l v e s m a s te r s o f th e m .

an d ge t t i n g by h e a rt t h a t i n fi n i t e m u l t i t u d e o f v e r s e s i n w h i c h
th e y we re c o n t a i n e d T h e B a rd s h a d a l so a se c re t l i k e th e F re e
. .

M a so n s b y w h i c h t h e y kn e w o n e an o th e r a n d i n d e e d i t h a s b e e n
. , . .

s u p p o s e d by s om e t h a t M a s on ry i s B a rd i s m i n d i sgu i s e
,
B ot h .

B a rd s an d D ru i d s m a d e u s e o f a t e rm k n ow n o n l y t o t h e m s e l v e s ,

to e xp re s s t h e u n u tt e rab l e n a m e o f th e D e i t y ; a n d t h e l e tt e r s
O I W w e re u s e d fo r t h a t p u rp o s e I n t h i s t h e y re s e m b l e t h e
“
.
. . .

J e w s wh o al wa y s s a v A d on a i w h e n t h e n a m e J e h ov a h o c c u rs
.
.

A m on g th e c h a ra c t e ri s t i c s o f t h e W e l sh G i ral d u s n o t i c e s t h e i r .

wi t an d p l e a s an t r y T h e v w e re fl u e n t an d b ol d i n c o n v e rs a t i o n ; i n
.

th e i r rh y m e d son bg s an d s e t sp e e c h e s t h e y w e re s o s u b t l e a n d i n

“
‘
g e n i o u s th a t t h e y p ro d u c e d o rn am e n t s o f wo n d e rfu l an d e xq u i s i t e
’
i n v e n t i on b ot h i n t h e w o rd s an d s e n t e n c e s
.
.

T h e y g re at l v e st e e m e d n ob l e b i rt h a n d ge n e ro u s d e s c e n t A l l .

re t a i n e d t h e i r ge n e al o g y a n d c o u l d re ad i l y re p e a t t h e n a m e s o f t h e i r
an c e s to r s t o t h e s i x th o r s e v e n t h ge n e rat i o n o r b e yo n d a n d w h e n , .

“
we t h i n k o f t h e l a w s w e c a n re ad i l v u n d e r sta n d t h i s t o h av e b e e n
th e c a s e .

A s l a t e a s t h e t i m e o f N o rd e n s s u rv e y o f A be n bu rv a t o wn ’
.

s h i p a d j o i n i n g \ \ re x h am a ge n tl e m a n o f e s t a t e gav e h i s
'
I

n a m e a s H u mf ri d u s ap Rob e rt ap
“
’
ap R ob t ap G ri f fi t h ap
R o b e rt ( S e e b o h m T r i b al S y s t e m p a g e 85 n o te ) T h i s i s st a t e d
’
. . . .

on th e a u th o ri t y o f M r A N P al m e r T h o u gh i t wa s n o t e v e ry o n e
. . . .

wh o c ou l d gi v e h i s s t y l e w i th t h i s fu l l n e s s t h e m e t h o d o f i d e n t i ,

f y i n g a p e r s o n by c o u p l i n g h i s C h ri s t i an n a m e w i th th o s e o f h i s
i m m e d i at e a n c e sto r s l i n ge re d l o n g i n \ Va l e s I t i s n o t e a s y t o fix .

th e t i m e wh e n t h e u s e o f s u rn a m e s b e c am e ge n e ra l a m o n g a l l
c l a s s e s T h e n ot i c e a bl e t h i n g n o w i s t h e p a u c i t y o f s u rn a m e s i n th i s
.

p op u l o u s a re a Th o s e t h a t u s u a l l y o c c u r a re m o s tl y b ap t i s m a l
.

n a m e s ta k e n f ro m t h e B i b l e s p e l l e d i n d i v e r s e w ay s Th i s .

i s e sp e c i al l y s o i n th e e l sh sp e a k i n g d i s t ri c t s The numbe r .

o f J on e s e s . T h o m a s e s e t c 0 11 p u bl i c b o d i e s .

an d j u ri e s i s o ft e n t h e s u b j e c t o f j e st a n d so m e t i m e s t h e Ca u s e o f .

i n co n v e n i e n c e s Th e u s u a l ex p l a n a t i o n o f t h e fe w n e s s o f s u rn a m e s
.

in the a re a i s t h a t t h e o f fi c i al s o f t h e \ V e l sh c o u rt s t h e c o r .

on e r s an d l a w y e r s fo u n d th e W e l s h c u s t o m o f st ri n gi n g t o g e t h e r a
, .
‘

s e ri e s o f b a p t i s m a l n a m e s t ro u b l e so m e a n d t h a t i n t h e j u ry p r oc e s s . .

e t c th e y ab ri d ge d t h e st y l e o f t h e p e r s o n w i t h w h o m t h e y w e r e
.
,

d e a l i n g T h u s t h e v su m m o n e d a j u ro r n ot bv th e s tyl e h e wo u l d
.
,
 XXII .

F R E N CH SU R N AM E S .

N ot e s o n t h e Fre n c h sp e a k i n g c o u n t ri e s i n a n at t e m p t to t ra c e ,

t h e o ri gi n o f so m e F re n c h n a m e s n o w re p re s e n t e d i n t h e U n i t e d
S t at e s a n d U t ah b y M a t i l d a Ce c e l i a G i a u q u e S t e e d o f U t ah :
, ,

V e s ti ge s o f a p ri m i t i v e c i v i l i z at i o n d a t i n g f ro m t h e s to n e a n d
f ro m t h e b ro n z e a ge s h av e b e e n fo u n d a ro u n d m a n y l a k e s o f S w i t
z e rl an d D ru i d i c p op u l at i o n s s u c c e e d e d t h e s a v a ge s o f wh o s e ol d
. .

s t on e m o n u m e n t s u s e d fo r h u m a n s a c r i fi c e s s o m e re m a i n t o t h i s
, ,

day . T h e re i s o n e s t i l l t o b e fo u n d n e a r t h e t o wn o f P re l e s ,

c a n to n o f B e rn e V e ry l i t tl e i s k n o w n o f G a u l — th a t c o u n t ry w h i c h
.

w e n o w c a l l F ra n c e — b e fo re Ca e sa r s t i m e T h e Ro m a n e m p i re ’
.

sp re a d o v e r E u rop e j u s t p ri o r to t h e Ch r i st i a n e ra l e a v i n g t ra c e s i n
, ,

ro a d s b ri d ge s aq u e d u c t s a n d c i t i e s ; t h e R o m a n i n fl u e n c e d o m i n at e d
, ,

al l E u rop e fro m 50 B C t o t h e e n d o f t h e fo u rt h c e n t u r y ab o u t
. .

395 A D . T h e a n c i e n t G a u l s w e re o f C e l t i c ra c e an d aft e r t h e y
.

w e re c o n q u e re d by R o m e t h ey fo r m e d d i ff e re n t p ro v i n c e s : N o rt h
o f I t a l y w a s Ga l l i a C i sal p i n a ; n o rt h e a s t o f F ra n c e G a l l i a B e l gi c a ; .

n o rt h w e s t G a l l i a L u g d e n e n si s ; s o u t h e a s t G a l l i a N a r B o n n e n si s
, , ,

f rom t h e ol d c i t y o f N a rb on n e O n t h e w e s t a n d s o u t h we s t wa s .

A q u i t a n i a ; n o rt h o f t h e A l p s b e t we e n t h e R h i n e a n d t h e Rh o n e
. ,

wa s a n i m m e n s e fo re s t o f p i n e s c al l e d M ax i m a S e q u an o ru m T h e
G re c o —
.

Ro m a n c o l o n i e s e s t ab l i s h e d al o n g th e so u t h c o a s t o f F ra n c e
a t M a s s i l i a ( M a r s e i l l e s ) p u s h e d t h e i r w ay al on g t h e v al l e y o f t h e
Rh on e .

I n 325 A D Ch ri s t i a n i t y b e c a m e t h e re l i gi o n o f th e s t a t e ; th e
. .

b i s h op s o f Ro m e o r p o p e s a c q u i re d m o re a n d m o re p o w e r o v e r
, .

Ga u l a s t i m e w e n t o n F ro m 414 443 A D a n o th e r T e u to n i c
.
-
. .

t ri b e o f t h e n o rt h o f A u st ri a t h e B u rgu n d i an s m i gra t e d t o w h e re
. .

t h a t p rov i n c e o f F ra n c e n o w i s a n d fu rt h e r s o u t h al on g t h e Rh on e :
t h e F ran k s c ro s s e d t h e R h i n e f ro m t h e e a st i n 420 A D ; t h e L o m . .

b a rd s w e n t t o G a l l i a C i s a l p i n a i n 458 A D ; t h e y c a m e f ro m th e . .

v al l e y o f t h e E l b e i n G e rm an y ; A q u i t an i a a n d t h e n o rt h we s t be
c a m e t h e sp e c i a l h o m e o f t h e G a u l s p rop e r I n t h e n i n t h c e n t u r y .

th e e m p i re o f C h a rl e m a gn e i n c l u d e d n e a rl y a l l t h e a n c i e n t d o m i n i o n
o f Ro m e w i t h T e u t on i c E u rop e a d d e d Ch a rl e m agn e w a s a f ri e n d
, .

o f e d u c at i o n a n d fa vo re d re l i gi o u s s c h oo l s o f l e a rn i n g l i k e t h e
m on a st e ri e s o f S t Ga l l E i n si e d l e n a n d a l s o B a s el
.
, .

W h e n t h e y e a r 1000 A D w a s a p p ro ac h i n g th e b e l i e f sp re a d
. .
,

t h a t th e wo rl d wo u l d c o m e t o a n e n d j u s t t h e n an d p e op l e w e re i i 1 ,

v i t e d a n d e n c o u rage d t o d on a t e t o t h e c h u rc h o f Ro m e gol d a n d ,

s i l v e r l a n d s an d ot h e r p ro p e rt y i n exp i at i on o f s i n s o r to ga i n e x
, ,
FRE N CH S URNA M E S . 205

F f
: n

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r
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.
o N .

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m m
206 SURNA M E B OO K .

al t at i o n i n a fu t u re l i fe T h i s s u p e r st i t i o n c ro w d e d th e v a u l t s o f
.

t h a t c h u rc h w i th ri c h e s u n to l d ; b u t u n l i k e E n gl an d w h i c h k e p t so m e ,

re c o rd s o f t h a t fa n a t i c a l p e ri o d i n th e L i b e r V i t ae th e P ro t e s t a n t .

c o u n t ri e s o f t h e c on t i n e n t h av e n o p u b l i s h e d a c c o u n t o f t h o s e gi ft s ,

n o r t h e n am e s o f t h e i r a u th o r s I t w a s d u ri n g t h e d a rk age s t h a t .

fe u d a l i s m fl o u ri s h e d a n d i t w a s t h e n t h a t t h e a rt i sa n s o f d i f f e re n t
.

t ra d e s b an d e d toge th e r i n G u i l d s t o p ro t e c t e a c h o th e r i n t h e i r b u s i ,

n e s s T h e y a d op t e d s i gn s m o t to e s an d t ok e n s a s m a rk s o f i d e n
.
,

t i fi c at i o n D i ff e re n t gu i l d s h a d d i f f e re n t c o st u m e s a n d s po k e d i f f e r
.

e n t d i a l ec t s o f t h e s a m e l a n gu age a n d t h i s c u s t o m re m a i n s i n p a rt t o
t h i s d ay j u s t a s i n t h e fi re s i d e t ra d i t i o n a n o ra l l an gu age l i v e s
, ,

t ra n s m i t t e d f rom fa t h e r o r m o t h e r t o c h i l d re n .

T h e a n c i e n t G a u l s h a d fa m i l y e m b l e m s w h i c h s o m e t i m e s c r y s ,

t al l i z e d i n t o s u rn a m e s G a u l o r F ra n c e gra d u a l l y a d o p t e d t h e c u s
.

t o m o f s u rn a m e s a b o u t A D j u st p r i o r t o t h e E n gl i sh N o r . .
,
-

m a n c o n q u e st T h e s e s u rn a m e c u sto m s fo l l o w e d t h e sa m e e v o
.

l u t i o n ary p ro c e s s wh i c h ob t a i n e d i n E n gl an d a n d G e rm a n y Fi r s t .

c a m e p l ac e n a m e s a n d t h e n s i re n a m e s n i c kn am e s a n d t ra d e an d
- -

, .

o f fi c i a l s u rn a m e s .

T h e exp e d i t i on s o f t h e C ru sa d e r s t o P a l e s t i n e op e n e d t h e w ay
t o t ra v e l e xp l o rat i o n a n d e xc h a n ge o f p ro d u c t s b e tw e e n t h e E a s t
. ,

a n d t h e W e s t o f E u rop e ; th e n fo l l o w e d t h e R e n a i s s a n c e o f a rt s a n d
’

l i t e rat u re p re c u r so r o f t h e R e fo rm a t i o n 111 t h e b e gi n n i n g o f t h e 16 t h
,

c e n t u ry ; i n 1517 L u t h e r s e p a ra t e d f ro m R o n1 e ; B e rn e G e n e v a .

B a s e l Z u ri c h N e u c h at e l e t c a d op t e d t h e 1 i e w s o f Z w i n gl i a n d
, . ,
. .

C al v i n a n d of Fa rre l ab o u t 1520 t o 1536

, , .

F ro m t h e m i d d l e o f th e 16 t h c e n t ur y d at e t h e b e gi n n i n g s of
v i t al s t a t i s t i c s f o r m o s t F re n c h a n d S w i s s p a ri s h e s ; t h e D i e s s e
( S w i t z e rl a n d ) re co rd s of m a r ri age b eg i n i n 1557 O n e o f t h e re a .

so n s w h y t h e go v e rn m e n t b e ga n p re s e rv i n g th e v i ta l re c o rd s c a re
fu l l y wa s th e l e ga l n e e d o f d a t a fo r th e c a rr y i n g o u t o f c o mp u l so r y
m i l i t a r y s e rv i c e o f e v e ry a b l e b o d i e d m a n ; t h ro u gh t h e s e re c o rd s
t h e a u t h o ri t i e s c o u l d a l way s t e l l w h o w a s a c c o u n t a b l e a n d a c c e s

“
s i b l e I n 1843 a d e c re e wa s p a s s e d i n e v e r y c o m m u n e c o m p e l l i n g
.

a l l a gri c u l t u ra l m e m b e r s so c i e t i e s o r fa rm i n g c o rp o ra t i o n s t o k e e p
,
”
a re gi s t e r o f t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e i r B o u rge o i s i e a s t h e ri gh t s o f
p rop e rt y w e n t w i t h m e m b e r s h i p p r i v i l e ge s .

T h i s a c c o m p l i sh e d f o r t h e ag ri c u l t u ri st s w h at t h e t ra d e s u n i o n s

“
d i d fo r t h e a rt i s a n s : i t m a d e o f t h e m a p ro t e c t i v e a s s oc i a t i o n w h i l e .

a l so p re s e rv i n g t h e i r re c o rd s fo r gov e rn m e n t a l i n sp e c t i o n .

”
T h e R e gi st e r s o f B o u rge o i s i e a l l o w a fu l l p a ge t o e a c h fam i l y ;
’
fat h e r fi r s t w i t h h i s fat h e r s a n d s o m et i m e s h i s gran d fa th e r s
.
’

n a m e a t t ac h e d t oge t h e r w i t h d a t e an d p l a c e o f b i rt h an d d e at h ;
.

se c o n d h i s w i fe s n a m e a n d h e r fat h e r s n a m e ; w i t h d a t e s a n d p l ac e
.
’ ’

o f b i rt h an d d e a th : th e i r c h i l d re n s n a m e s w i t h d a t e s o f b i rt h an d ’
208 SU RNA M E B O OK .

P a s t e u r ( p a sto r ) M a re c h a l ( m a r s h a l ) L e M o i n e ( t h e m o n k ) C u re
, , , ,

C u ri e ( p ri e s t ) L A bbe ( t h e ab b e y ) L E v e q u e ( t h e b i s h op ) e t c
,
’
,
’
, .

5t h N i c k n ame s G i v e n f o r S u rn ames :
,
L e C o rn u ( h o r ne d ) ,

G i ag n ard T ro c h u G u yo t O n i o n Rogn o n P o u H ugu e n ot H u

, .
, , , , ,

gu e n i n H u g u e l e t G u e n ai n ( f ro m t h e H u gu e n o t n i c kn a m e o f t h e
, , ,

P ro te s t an t s ) G u e n o n ( m o n k ey ) L a B a rb e B a rb e ( b e a rd ) B o n j o u r
, , , ,

( goo d day ) B o n n emo rt ( goo d d e a t h ) B e u g u e re l ( s t u t t e re r ) V o i s i n

, , ,

( n e i gh b o r ) P i l l i e u x ,
P i l l o u ( f o r P o i l u h a i,
ry ) O p i e n t al ( o n e h u n , ,

d re d ) H o u mard ( l ob st e r ) M al h e rb e ( b a d h e rb we e d ) B o i v i n
, , , ,

A
’

( w i n e d ri n k e r ) B o i l e a u ( w a t,
e r d ri n k e r ) B e s so n ( t w i n ) L l l e , ,

m an d A l l e m a n d ( Ge rm a n ) e t c e tc
, ,
.
, .

6 th D e sc ri p t i v e N ames G i v en f or S u rn ame s :
,
Ro ux L e ,

Ro ux L a ro u s s e Ro u s s e l Ro u s s e a u R o s s e Ro s se l ( al l m e a n re d
, , , , ,

h a i re d ) R o u ge ( re d ) B ru n ( b ro w n ) G ri s ( gra y ) B l ane L e B l a n c
, , , , , , ,

B l a n c h e t B l an c h a r d ( w h i t e ) L e N o i r ( t h e
,
B el ri c h ard ,

( p re t ty R i c h a rd ) B e l j e an ( p re t t y Joh n ) P e t i t j e a n ( l i t tl e J o h n )
, , ,

G ran d j e a n G ro sj e a n ( b i g Jo h n ) L e J e u n e ( t h e yo u n g ) P e t i t P i e rre
, , ,

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, , , ,

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.

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.

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, .

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, .

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, .
.

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fa rm i n g ; th e L e Co m te ( d e l a C ro i x ) a d o u b l e c ro s s e t c , .

F ren c h N ame s i n E n g l an d T h e re a re m a n y E n gl i sh p e op l e .

w h o s e fo re fa t h e r s w e re F re n c h W e m ay e l e c t t o b e l i e v e t h e m .

d e s c e n d an t s o f t h e o l d T e u to n i c st oc k o ri gi n a l l y a n d m o s t o f t h e m ,

p rob ab l y we re b u t c e rt a i n l y t h e y c o m e f ro m F ra n c e a n d N o rm a n d y

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, ,

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B a ri n g Go u l d s ay s w i t h re ga rd to t h e m
.

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att e r :
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, ,

t i o u s m e n w h o h a d w a i te d t o s e e w h a t wo u l d b e t h e re s u l t s o f
‘

,
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,

a s s i s ta n c e to k e e p d ow n t h e E n gl i s h ] T h o s e w h o h a d c o m e a c ro ss
w i t h h i m w e re but a h an d fu l so t h a t h e a n d h i s s u c c e s s o rs — t h e R e d ,

K i n g a n d H e n ry B e a u c l e rk — w e re re a dy e n o u gh t o a c c e p t s u c h a i d ,

a n d s e c u re s u c h s e rv i c e s w i t h o u t i n q u i ri n g t oo c l o s e l y a s t o w h y ,

t h e y h a d n o t t h ro w n t h e m s e l v e s i n t o th e a rm s o f t h e B a st a rd w h e n
”
h e fi rs t p l an n e d h i s i n v a s i o n .

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a re t h e fol l o w i n g .

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, , ri c
.
k , ,
 FRE N CH SURNA M E S . 209

O at e s ; t h e n a m e i s f ro m h a s l i ke w i s e b e c om e O dy an d Odo . O do
H o o d ; F i t z u rs e h a s d e s c e n d e d t o F i sh e r ; R o l l e i s f ro m R ao u l th e
, ,

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n e l l a re R ey n a u d o r R e gi n al d ; P i e rre h a s fu rn i s h e d u s w i t h o u r
P i e rc e s a n d P e a rc e s A rn o u l h a s b e c o m e A rn o l d a n d Iv o i s I v e y
.
,
.

Ray m o n d a n d G i l b e rt we re d e ri v e d f ro m N o rm a n dy G e ra rd re .

m a i n s u n a l t e re d M i l o h a s b e c o m e M i l e s A l u re d i s t u rn e d i n to
. .

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. .

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.

f ro m a fo r d o r b e e m p l oy e d a s a w a t c h m a n ; a n d W ay m ay c o m e
,

fro m gu e a fo r d B ay n e s an d B a i n e s may b e a n a m e g i v e n t o a
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, .

m a n i n c h a rge o f a b a t h o r i t m ay c o m e f ro m o n e o f t h e F re n c h ,

p l a c e s n a m e d B agn e s N o r ri s i s s o m e t i m e s f ro m n o u r i c e n u rs e .
, .

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'

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s o u rc e w e h a v e W i l l a r d o r gu e u l a r d a b raw l e r ; M o r d a u n t o n e
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.
,

t h e n a m e c o m e s f ro m a re s i d e n c e n e a r a w i c k e t gat e G ra n t i s f rom -
.

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.
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s u rn a m e s W e h a v e t h e N o rm a n Fa i l o r F ayl e a n d t h e E n gl i s h
.
, ,

B eech Ch a s e m ay i n s o m e i n s ta n c e s c o m e fro m c h a s s i e ux b l e a r
ey e d B e n b o w h a s n o r e l a t i o n t o a rc h e ry — i t i s a re n d e ri n g o f b a m
. .

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C o n t i n u i n g t h e F re n c h n a m e s i n E n gl is h a re t h e fol l o w i n g :
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, , , , , , , ,

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.

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.

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, , .

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m an d y E y re Fol l e t t Fo u l ge r H o l m e s I n gh a m K n o wl e s L i s l e
.
, . , , , . .

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,
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,
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,

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,

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. ,

i n S uff o l k H e n c e t h e Sc ot ch M e l v i l l e M a nc el a n at i v e of L e
. .
.

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.
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i s m e n t i on e d b y W a c e a n d w as g i v e n e st a t e s i n m a n v c o u n t i e s ,
.
210 SURNA M E B OO K .

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rega rd e ) M au t al en t M a u vo i s i n a re a l l n i c k n a m e s — t h e b a d c l e r k
, , , .

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, , , ,

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, .

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t o o n e ex c o m m u n i c at e d b u t i t w a s n o t s o ; i t wa s fro m a p l a c e , ,

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, G e o f f re y M a u d e t h e l d l a n d s i n W i l t s h i re
.
,

a n d h i s b ro th e r W i l l i a m a l so i n H a m p s h i re ( D o m e s d a y ) The .

n am e h a s b e e n s h o rt e n e d i n t o M a u d e - .

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M e rk i n g f el n o t a N o rm a n n a m e n o r h e a rd o f t i l l 1309 a n d t h e n i n
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.

m a i n s n e a re r t o t h e e a rl y S p e l l i n g t h a n M o h u n a s M oo n M o n ,
.

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c e au x l e S i re d e M o rc e al s o f W a c e
. T h e n a m e re m a i n s c o r .

ru p t e d i n M o n see r M o n t a i gn e M o n tbu rg h M o n t fe y n ow M u m
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,

n o t i n D o m e s d a y b u t Rob e rt l e M o u n t en ey i s fo u n d e s ta t e d i n
,

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’

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o r M al t rav e rs — w e h av e th e n a m e st i l l a s M a l t rav e r s .

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.
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of f m i s t re s s o f D uk e .

Rob e rt an d c o n se q u e n tl y w a s u t e ri n e b rot h e r o f t h e Co n q u e ro r
,
.

W h e n \ V i l l i am b e c a m e D u k e o f N o rm a n d y h e l o s t n o op p o rt u n i t y ,

o f ra i s i n g h i s k i n s fol k fro m t h e i r h u m b l e e st a t e t o th e d i s gu st a n d ,

i n d ign a t i o n o f h i s n ob l e s a n d ab ov e a l l o f h i s re l a t i v e s o n t h e s i d e ,

o f h i s fath e r Rob e rt wa s re wa rd e d fo r h i s s e rv i c e s i n t h e c o n q u e s t
.

o f E n gl an d by b e i n g g i v e n t h e w h ol e o f C o rn wal l c o m p ri s i n g 248 .

m an o r s 52 i n S u s s ex 75 i n D e v o n 10 i n S u f f o l k 29 i n B u c k i n gh a m
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. . ,

o th e r c o u n t i e s T h e n a m e i n E n gl a n d h a s b e c o m e M o rto n b u t a l l
. .

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i n E n gl an d t h at h a v e g i v e n a p p e l l a t i o n s t o i n d i v i d u al s i s s u i n g
f ro m t h e m .

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. , ,

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, , , .

—
u n c o m m o n i n D e v on M o y e t M o u f e M u sa rd i t h a s b e c o m e i n .
. .

l a t e r t i m e s M u ssard M u s e M u s s e t M u st ey s— t h e n am e re m a i n s
.
, .

a s M u st e r s ; M u seg ro s— th e a n c e s to r o f t h e M u s grav e s M u sg ro f e s , .

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.
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. Po s sibly Li f .
 12 SURNA M E B OO K .

fo rd d e ri v e s fro m O l i f ard ; A n at u l l e P ag an e l o r P ai n el l — i t s t i l l ,

re m a i n s a s P ay n e a n d P an n e l l O t h e r d e r i v a t i o n s w i l l b e m e n t i o n e d .

l at e r P ai f re r P ai t e n y P av i l l y P a v i l l o n — n o w P ap i l l o n b u t t h i s
.
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i s a l a t e r H u gu e n o t i m p o rt at i o n ; P e c h e — t h e n a m e m ay h av e b e e n
al t e re d to B ea c h a n d B e ac h y I t h a s a l s o b e e n fo u n d a s P e a c h a n d .

P e ac h y P e rc y P e re c h ay P e rot P e rre rs P e rc ri s P e v e re l l P i c ar d
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.
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.
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( D o m e s d ay ) T h e y o u n ge r b roth e r s w e re a n c e s to r s o f t h e V e sey s
.

a n d B u rgh s T h e n a m e i s s t i l l to b e fo u n d a s B o u n c e an d B u n c e
. .

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o f t h e c h a rt e r s o f H u gh L u p u s E a rl o f C h e s te r n a m e s Ro b e rt . ,

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. .

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. .

u t i v e of P yg g e a gi rl ,
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.
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o n d o f th e s a m e n a m e a s h i m s e l f c a m e to E n gl an d a l o n g w i t h
, ,

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.

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gra n t s o f l a n d an d h e al s o s u c c e e d e d t o h i s fa th e r s b a ro n y i n
,

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.
.

l e av i n g o n l y a d a u gh te r w h o m a rri e d R i c h a rd B a s s e t ; a n d t h e i r so n ,

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t h at o f R i d e l l — n o t t o b e c o n fo u n d e d w i th t h e R i d e l l s d e sc e n d e d
fro m th e D e R i d al e s so c al l e d fro m a d i s t ri c t i n Yo rk s h i re . .

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th i s l att e r d oe s n o t s i gn i fy a c o rd w a i n e r R i v e r s u s u al l y c al l e d .
,

R e d v e r s ; R o c h e l l e ; R o s ; fi v e o f t h e n a m e a re e n t e re d i n D o m e s d ay

“
,

d e ri v i n g t h e i r n a m e fro m t h e p a ri s h o f R o s t w o m i l e s f ro m Ca e n ,
.

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th e l o rd s h i p o f R o s e l i n t h e Cot e n t i n R u g et i u s Ry e ; t h e n am e , .
,

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. .
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m a i n s a s S al v i n an d S al v yn S a n fo rd S au v ay ; Sau n z av e r o r S a n s . .

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,
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. .

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.

e rs S o re l l n o w S arel l a n d S e a rl e th e N o rm a n S e rl o a p e rso n al
'

. . . ,

n a m e S u yl l y ; th e n am e i s n ow m e t w i th a s S ol e y o r S ul l e y
.
,
.
 FR E N C H SURNA M E S . 213

S o u l e s S o v e re n S u rd e v al T a l bo t — a n ickname T a l l y p e rh ap s
, y . . .

s t an d s f o r T i l l y T a n y ; Tay a n d T h ay s a re p ro b ab l y t h e s a m e ; T a r
,

te ra y T h o rn y Ti bo l T i n ge y n o t t o b e i d e n t i fi e d ; T i n e l Ti p i t ot
, , .
, ,

i t c o rrup t e d t o Ti p to f t .

Ti sou n a n i c kn a m e F ro m t i s o n a b a d ge r ; n o w T y so n T h e
, .
,
.

fa m i l y w a s so c al l e d fro m t h e k n a c k th e y h a d o f l ay i n g h ol d wi t h
t h e i r c l a w s o n a l l t h a t c a m e i n t h e i r w ay a n d a p p rop ri at i n g i t .

G i l b e rt T i s o n o r T e s son h a d a b a ro n y i n Yo rk s N o tt s an d L i n c ol n
, . .
, .
,

( D o m e s d ay ) T o n ry s T re g o z T rac y Trav i l l e ; T re v i l l e s a m e a s
.
. . , .

T re i l l y f ro m a c a s t l e i n M a n c h e ; n o w T re b l e T ru s s e l S t C l o y e s
, , , .
,

S t J o h n ; S t J o ry p e rh a p s n o w J u ry u n l e s s fro m re s i d e n c e i n t h e
. .
, ,
’
J e w ry o r J e w s q u a rt e r i n a t o w n ; S t L e ge r ; S t L e o o r S t L o
, , . . .
,

f ro m a p l a c e n e a r C o u t a n c e s ; a b a ro n y S t M a rt i n n o t i n D o m e s . .
,

d a y b u t Roge r d e S t M a rt i n w a s L o rd o f H a m p to n N o rfol k i n t h e
,
.
, .

re i gn o f H e n r y I S t P h i l i b e rt S t Q u i n t i n ; S t T e s fo r S a i n t e s
. .
, . .
, ,

c a p i ta l o f t h e S a i n to n ge ; T u c k e t T y re l l U mf rav i l l e V a l en c e V a l , . . ,

l o n i s V av a so u r V i v i l l e V e n ab l e s V en o u r V ebo i s ; V e rd e rs fro m
, , , , ,

v e rd i e r T h e V e rd i e r o r v e rd e re r w a s a j u d ge o f p e t ty o f f e n s e s
.
, ,

a ga i n s t t h e fo re s t l aw s I n E n gl a n d h i s o f fi c e w a s t o t ak e c a re o f .

t h e v e rt a w o r d ap p l y i n g t o e v e r y th i n g t h at b e a r s a g re e n l e a f
,

w i t h i n t h e fo re s t t h a t m ay c o v e r an d h i d e a d e e r .

V e r d o n V e re ; V e rn o n ; t h e n a m e re m a i n s a s V a s e y F a c ey
.
, ,

V e y s e y a n d V o y sey , V eyl an d c a n n o t b e a N o rm a n n a m e ; i t i s .

W ay l a n d t h e E n gl i s h fo rm o f t h e N o r s e V i g l u n d V i l l a i n V i n o n
. .
, ,

V i p o n t ; t h e n am e h a s b e c o m e F i p p e n a n d F i p p o n V au st e n e y s o r

“
.

G ast i n ay s fro m t h e G a st i n o i s s o u t h o f P a ri s a n d e a st o f O rl e a n s
, . .

W a c e W ac e l ay W al an g ay VV al oy s v a ri o u s l y sp e l t L e VV al l e y S
, , . . .

W al l ai s a n d L a t i n i z e d VV al l o n i s m e a n s th e W e l s h m a n ; n o w
’
,
”
.

\ Va l s h a n d W e l s h al s o W a l l a c e W a me rv i l l e W a rd e , .
. .

W a re n n e W i l l i am d e W a re n n e o r d e G e re n n e fo u gh t a t
.
, .

H a s t i n g s a n d fe w o f t h e D u k e s fol l o we r s we re a s mu n i fi c e n t l y d e al t
,
’

w i th H e h e l d t h e gre a t b a ro n i e s o f C a s tl e A i re i n N o rfol k L e w e s
.
.

i n S u s s ex an d C o n i n g sbu rg h i n Yo rk s h i re T h e l a s t E a rl W a re n n e
, .

h a d d u ri n g t h e l i fe t i m e o f h i s w i fe l i v e d i n Op e n c o n c u b i n a ge w i t h
M a u d d e N e re f o rt by w h o m h e h a d a s o n wh o b o re h i s a rm s a n d ,

wa s k n i gh t e d a n d i n h er i t e d t h ro u gh h i s w i fe t h e Ch e s h i re b a ro n y
,

of S to c kp o rt a n d t h e i r d e s c e n d an t s re m a i n e d i n t h e c o u n t y fo r
,

fo u rte e n ge n e ra t i o n s I t wo u l d b e u n w i s e t o a s s u m e t h a t a l l W a r
.

re n s a re d e s c e n d a n t s o f W i l l i a m d e W a re n n e M o s t d o u b tl e s s d e .
, ,

r i v e t h e i r n a m e fro m s om e w a r re n o f wh i c h t h e a n c e st o r wa s w a r ,

re n e r .

VV arl e y ; \V at e rv i l l e n o w VV at e rfi e l d W au n c y ; W e me rl ay n o t , . ,

t rac e d b u t p ro bab l y t h e E n gl i s h W ame rsl e y a n d W al m s l ey

,
’
.

F re n c h N am e s A mo n g t h e H u g u e n ot R ef u g e es I t i s u n n ec e s .

s a r y t o re l a t e t h e st o r y o f t h e c i v i l wa r s o f re l i gi on i n F ra n c e a n d ,

t h e a t t e m p t s m a d e by t h e c ro wn to c ru sh o u t C a l v i n i s m w h i c h h a d .

p e rv a d e d th e S o u t h e v e n m o re th a n t h e N o rt h T h e re fu ge e s fro m .
214 SURNA M E B O O K .

p e rs e c u t i o n b e ga n t o c o m e o v e r t o E n gl a n d i n t h e re i gn o f E d wa r d
V I ; t h e fl o w w a s c on s i d e rab l e i n t h a t o f E l i z ab e t h a n d o f J a m e s I ,

b u t th e gre a t b u l k a rri v e d a ft e r t h e re v o c at i o n o f t h e E d i c t o f
N an t e s b y L o u i s X I V i n 16 85 ,

T h e y c a m e ov e r i n t roop s T h e c ry p t o f C a n t e rb u r y C at h e d ra l .

a t Ca n t e rb u ry w a s g i v e n u p t o t h e m fo r h a ra n gu i n g a n d p s al m
,

s i n gi n g ; t h e y al s o h a d p l a c e s o f wo r sh i p i n A u s t i n F ri a r s an d
Th re ad n e e d l e S t re e t L o n d on B e fo re 16 85 t h e y h a d t h e i r c o n v e n .

t i c l e s i n Ca n t e rb u ry Ca n v e y I s l a n d Co l c h e st e r D ov e r Fav e r s h a m
, , , , ,

Gl a s to n b u ry I p sw i c h M a i d s t on e N o rw i c h R ye S a n d to ft S an d
, , , , , ,

w i c h S o u th a m p t on S t a m fo rd T h e t fo rd T h o rn e A b b e y W h i t t l e
, , , , ,

s e a W i n c h e s t e r Y a rm o u t h i n a n d a ft e r 16 85 a t B a rn s t ap l e B i d e
, , , ,

fo rd B ri s t ol Ch e l s e a D a rt m o u t h Ex e t e r G re e n w i c h H am m e r
, , , , , .

s m i th P l y m o u th S t on e h o u s e a n d T h o rp e
, , ,
.

N u m e ro u s we l l t o d o c o u n t y fa m i l i e s d e ri v e fro m H u gu e no t
- -

re fu ge e an c e s to r s T h e re a re : L ay a rd B a rc l a y P i go u C h ami e r
.
, , , ,

Ca rp e n t e r G a rn i e r G a r re tt J e u n e P ap i l l i o n B l an c h a rd B l on d e l l
, , , , . . ,

B o i l e au B o u rd i l l o n B o y e r B roc a s B u l m e r C h a m p i o n Co u rta u l d
, . , , , , ,

C ra m e r D a ub n e y C a z e n o v e R i v i e re G a m b l e r P a rr y H a s sa rd L a
, , , ,
-

, ,

To u c h e L e Fa n n L u ard M a rt i n e a u M o rre l l O u v ry Sp e rl i n g
, , , , , , ,

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, , ,

fa c t u re s a n d t ra d e s ,
.

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n a m e s i n c l u d e d i n t h e m s u c h a s L a m b e rt G o d fre y G i l b e rt G e r . , , ,

va s e M i c h a e l M a rt i n R oge r Ch a rl e s a n d th e l i ke t h a t wo u l d
, , .
, ,

“
,

b e c o m e E n gl i s h a t o n c e w i t h o u t a l te rat i o n B u t t h e re a re o th e r s .

w i t h wh i c h w e a re fa m i l i a r : P e rc y o c c u r s ; Ro u s s e l l re p e a t e d l y .

”
D h e rby a n i m m i gra n t i n 16 84 w o u l d d rop th e
,
h a n d b e c om e ,

D e rb y T h e re a re s e v e ra l S m i t h s i n t h e l i s t s p re s u m a b l y a rri v i n g
. .

fro m th e N e t h e rl a n d s T h e ol d N o r s e n a m e o f H o u s s ay e c o m e s .

i n s e v e ra l t i m e s ; s o d o H a rd y M o re H ay e s R o s e M e rc e r M a r . . , . ,

c h a n t M o u rt i s C a rr E m e r y l i sbe t N e e l O g e l by B o y d B l o n d e l l
,
l
.
, , . , . , ,

Cook e P ra t t L e e K i n g J o h n so n S to c k e y D a v i e s B e s t K e m p
, , . , , , , , ,

W i l k i n s P r y o r Fox H u d sh o n ( soo n t o S h e d t h e
, ,
White
,
. ,

B u sh G re e n woo d e t c
, ,
.

L an gu e w o u l d sp e e d i l y b e c o m e L an g an d B o re a u b e c o m e B o r ,

o u gh ; G ran g i e r b e c o n v e rt e d i n t o G ra n ge r an d G o u d ro n i n t o Go r ,

d o n ; G u i l l a rd w o u l d b e c o m e G i l l a rd an d B l o n d b e w ri tt e n a n d p ro .

n ou n c ed B l u n t H o w so m e o f th e n a m e s gi v e n ab ov e t h a t s e e m
.

t o b e d i s t i n c t l y E n gl i sh a s G re e n woo d an d H i gh s t re e t c o m e i n t o .
,

th e l i s t s i s p u z z l i n g ; a n d w e c a n o n l y s u p p o s e t h a t th e i m m i gran t s
t ra n s l a t e d t h e i r F re n c h n a m e s i n to th e c o r re s p o n d i n g E n gl i sh a s ,

B o i s v e rt i n to G re e n wo od an d H a u te ru e i n t o H i gh st re e t , ,
216 S U R N A M E B OO K .

U d d o E d o O t m a r O t g ar E d ga r A t h u l f A d ol p h E d e mu n d E a d
. , . , . . .
,

w i n A d e l h e i t a n d A d e l gu n d e ( fe m a l e ) U d al l ) e rt A d e l b e rt E d i l
, . , ,

w i g E g i n h ard E gb e rt E c k e O e ke l B ru n o B r u n h i l d ( fe m al e )
, , . . , . ,

H i l d e b ra n d B a rt e l t H i l d p re c h t G i s b e rt ; P e re n h ard B e rn a rd B e r
, . . . .

t h o l d B e rth a ( fe m a l e ) B u rc h a rd E t h e l f ri e d F re d i g a r F ri e d ebal d
, . . . . ,

F e r di n an d L u d ol f W ol fga n g V i c a r G h o l d w i g T h e gan H i l l e rd
, . . . . ,

H e l m e r W i l h e l m R ob e rt R o d e l i n d a ( fe m a l e ) L u t h e r a n d L o t h a r
, . . . ,

G o t sc h al k R e i n e r a n d Re i m e r A m a l i W i t t i ki n d F i l e m ar V ol m a r
, . , , , ,

N o t h ard E n ge l b e rt o r A n g e l be rt H e n gi s t ( m e a n i n g y o u t h s o n )
, .
, ,

A f t i n g H a d i n g T u i sc o Th e u d e be rt T h e ob a l d D i e t l e f L a m b e rt
. , , .
, ,

L an d o l d M arc w ard : O s wa l d C e l ri c
, . .

T h e an c i e n t s n a m e d th e i r c h i l d re n a ft e r s o m e wo rth y a n c e s t o r ,

p a re n t s a n d g ra n d p a re n t s f o r c e n t u ry a ft e r c e n t u ry A fte r Ch ri s ,
.

t i an i ty wa s i n t ro d u c e d w e fi n d n a m e s o f t h e s a i n t s c re e p i n g i n . .

T h e n e w c o n v e rt h a d to t ak e a n e w C h ri st i a n n a m e a d d e d t o th e
o l d p aga n n a m e b u t t h e y c l u n g c l o s e s t t o t h e i r o l d p ag an n ame s
'

.
.

an d i n m o s t o f t h e so c a l l e d Ch ri s t i a n n a m e s i n G e rm an y t o d ay w e -

re c ogn i z e t h e s e o ri gi n a l n a m e s .

One
p e c u l i a ri t y o f G e rm a n n om e n c l a t u re i s t h a t th ro u gh a l l ,

th e i r wa n d e ri n g s c h a n gi n g o f ru l e r s an n e xa t i o n of l a n d s an d t ra d
. ,

i n g w i th ot h e r n at i o n s th e y k e p t th e i r o wn n a m e s Fo re i gn n a m e s . .

c o u l d h a rd l y fi n d a ro ot i n g th e re u n t i l t h e S i xt e e n th c e n t u ry w h e n ,

s o m e we re b ro u gh t i n fro m ot h e r c o u n t ri e s f o r re l i gi o u s re a so n s . .

E v e n t o d a y w e fi n d i n ra re i n s t an c e s t h at a fe w s u rn a m e s c a m e
fro m fo re i gn c o u n t ri e s I t i s a n e a s y m a tt e r to d i s t i n gu i s h th o s e .

fe w fro m th o s e o f G e rm an o ri gi n .

A t fi rs t gl an c e w e c a n t e l l t h a t s u c h n a m e s a s : A l b a A l b a ,

c e n u s A l b al a te ,
A l b an e s i d A ri e n B a i l l e t B an d e l i n e t c a re fro m
, ,
’
. , . .
.

S p a i n ; t h e B an d e l l u s B an d i n e l l i B ard i l i B ari f an i B aro t z i B e l o t i . , . , , ,

B e t au be B oq u e t B re t an o B a u t e tc fro m I t al y ; a n d A b e g A c h a r d
, . . , .
. . ,

A n c i l l o n d A m o n e v o n A n i e re s ZE p l y o r A p l i f ro m F ran c e w i t h
’
. ,
,

p e rh ap s th e l a s t m e n t i o n e d of S w i s s o ri gi n ; f ro m R u s s i a Po l a n d .

an d H u n ga ry ( S l av on i c t ri b e s ) : A d amo v i z B ac z k o B e n ko w i t z . , ,

B e rh an d sk y B i w an k o B o gu sl a w s k y B o w sk y P i so w o t z k y B u t
, . , . ,

S c h an y B u l sc h ec k , H l o v ac e k e t c ; i n B o st h o l m B au d i sse n B o s e n, . .
, ,

“ “
h a rd e t c th e D an i sh o ri gi n i s e v i d e n t

“ “
I

. .
, ,

P a t r o n ymi c s J u s t a s th e S c an d i n av i a n s u s e d or S i re N ame s -

“
.

t h e i r s e n a n d so n th e Ru s s i an s i t sc h a n d w i z a s i n P e t ro w i z
” ” ” ”
,

( fro m P e t e r )” P au l ow i z ( fro m P a u l ) Iv an o w i t sc h ( fro m I v a n ) th e

, . ,

F r i e s i an s a a s i n H ari n g a ( from H a ri n g ) C y rk se n a ( fro m C y rk )

“
. ,

VV i ard a fro m W i ard A ge n a from A gge e t c so d o t h e G e rm a n s u s e . .

t h e f o l lo w i n g :
1 s e n a s i n P au l sse n P e t e r s en C l a s s e n W i l m se n J a c ob
”
.
, , . , ,

s e n D i rk s e n e tc m e a n i n g t h e s am e a s i n S c an d i n a v i a n th e so n o f
, . .
.

P aul P et e r Cl a s J a c ob a n d D i rk
. .
, . .
 G E R M A N S UR N A M E S .

“ “ “
2 . s ; l a t e r h o we v e r on l y t h e S w a s u s e d so we h av e
”
,
”
.

J a co b s P e t e r s D i e t ri c h s F ri e d ri c h s K a r st e n s e tc
, , , . , .

” ” ”
3 . ing an d l ing T h e e n d i n g s i n g a n d l i n g a re u se d .

b y t h e F ran k s A n gl o S axo n s a n d L on gob a rd s a s i n : B r y n i n g

,
-
,

Te o l i n g M e ro w i n g Ca ro l i n g B a rt i n g D et h ard i n g H e sl i n g E b e
, , . , , ,

l i n g a n d K o n ri n g ; a l l m e a n i n g t h e so n o f B ry n Teo l M e ro w C a ro l , , , ,

B a rt e l t D e t h ard H e s s e ] E b e a n d Ko n n
, , , .

4 . T h e fo l l ow i n g l i s t o f fa m i l y n a m e s sh o w s th a t t h e y we re
‘
i n h e r i t e d fro m a n an c e s t ry w i t h o u t a n y su fli x wh at ev e r : A l b re c h t ,

A n to n E rn s t E rh a r d L u d w i g A d a m L u c a s B u rc h a rd C a rl E b e r
, .
, , , , . ,

h a rd D i e t ri c h G u n t h e r F ra n z H a rt w i g H a rt m a n n L a m b e rt H e r
, . , , , , ,

m an n L o re n z L u d e r O t to M e i n h a rd M e i n e rt M e n s e J o n a s

“ “
, , , , , , , ,

T h o m a s S i mo n F re n z e l F ri e d ri c h Fri t z R i c h a rd Re i n h a rd L e o n
, , . , , , ,

h a rd C l e m e n s e t c
, , .

5 e
e q u i t e o ft e n t h e e n d i n g 6 r wa s u s e d s o w e fi n d :
”

“
. .

G e rh art i n g e r J ac o bae r C aro l i n g e r a n d o th e r s

, . .

6 . L at i n e n d i n g s o m e o f t h e s c h ol a rs t h o u gh t t h a t t h e i r
.

n a m e w o u l d s o u n d b e tt e r w i t h t h e L a t i n e n d i n g 1 so w e h av e t h e
n a m e s : A d ami A 1be rti P a u l i P e t ri J ac ob i A rid rae i B ae rn ard i
,

“
, . . , , . ,

Co n ra d i N i c o l a i P h i l i p p i E rn e st i F ri e d e ri c i G e bh ard i e tc
, , .
,
. . .

T h e m o s t c o m m o n n a m e s w e re t h e o n e s th a t u n d e rw e n t t h e
”
m o s t c h an ge s T ak e t h e n a m e s o f J ac o b
. an d H e i n ri c h fo r , .

ex a m p l e F ro m J a c o b w e h av e t h e fo l l o w i n g fa m i l i e s : J aco b
'

. .

J a c o b a u s J a c o b a e ,
r J a c ob i J a c o bo t i u s J a c o
. b i l i J ac ob i n J a k o b e r , , , , ,

J ac obi t a J a c ob s J ac o n e l l u s J ac o t i u s J a c ob s on e t c F ro m H e i n
, , , , ,
.

ri c h w e h av e : H e i n ri c h H e i n ri c i H e i n ri c h s H i n z H e i n i c u s , , . , .

H e i n i u s H e i n e ssi u s H e i n z a n d H e i n z e H e i n si n g H ei n so n H e i m
, , , ,

d e l l H e me c k e H e i n e , H e i n H e i m an d o t h e r s
, , ,
.

I n O s t fri e s l a n d fo r i n s t an c e t h e p e a s a n t h a s t w o p e r s on a l o r

““
, ,

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.

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,

h i s n e i gh b o r ( N ac h b a r i n G e rm a n ) h e i s c al l e d N a c h b a r P e t e r ,

a n d b y h i s re l at i v e s P e t e r O h m o r O n k e l P e t e r ( u n c l e P e t e r )
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.

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t h e m se l v e s H e rr P e t e r ( M r P e t e r ) o r P e te r s ; H e r r E gb e rt e t c .
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i n s t e a d o f M e i s t e r a n d N ac h b a r an d th o s e n a m e s b e c a m e s u r
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name s

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c l a s s e s t oo k s u rn a m e s fi r s t T h e n ob i l i t y o r a s th e y a re c a l l e d i n . . .

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s t a rt e d a s e a rl y a s t h e e l e v e n t h c e n t u ry u n d e r th e re i gn o f Co n ra d , ,

wh o w a s t h e ru l e r o f t h e G e rm an R om a n e m p i re I t wa s u n d e r -
.

h i m t h a t t h e fi e f s o r es t at e s ( i n G e rm a n L eh e n sg u e t e r p re s i d e d
 18 SURNA M E B OO K .

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o v e r by th e fe u d a l l o rd b e c a m e h e re d i t a r y o r a l l o d i al T h e re fo re ,
.

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b u rg b u t i t wa s n o t u n t i l t h e fo u rt e e n t h c e n t u r y t h at s u rn am e s

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,

b e c am e m o re a n d m o re p op u l a r I t i s s a i d t h a t t wo t h i rd s o f t h e .
-

Ge rm a n s u rn a m e s a re p l a c e n a m e s T h e re a s o n f o r t h i s ( s o s ay s -
.

T D W i a rd a i n h i s b oo k D e u t s c h e V o r u n d G e s c h l e c h t s n a m e n o n ”
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. ,

o f b i rt h a n d h ab i t at i o n T h i s b ri n g s t h e i n fo rm at i o n t h a t m o s t of
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t h e s c h ol a r s i n o l d a n d m o d e rn t i m e s gav e t h e m s e l v e s n am e s o r

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T h e c o m m o n e rs o r B u e rg e rl i c h e n soo n fol l o w e d th e h i gh e r
a n d a r i s t oc ra t i c c l a s s e s i n t ak i n g s u rn a m e s a n d i t i s s a i d t h a t a ,

goo d m a n y o f t h e m c an t rac e t h e i r fa m i l y n a m e s b ac k to 1300 an d

m an y m o re to 1400 A D . .

I n o l d d oc u m e n t s fro m t h e y e a r 1330 1400 w e fi n d t h e fol lo w -

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i n g n a m e s : E n ge l b e rt H e e re n B e rn h a r d s S o n ; H e e re n B o rc h a r d ,
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p a i n t e d o n so m e p ro m i n e n t p l a c e o n t h e f ron t o f t h e h o u s e The .

s i gn s we re t ak e n fro m d i f f e re n t a n i m al s fro m fl o we rs n o t e d p e r
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a s t h e fol l o w i n g : V oge l U h l e Fa l k e S e efi sh K a rp e H e ri n g , . , , , ,

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220 SURNAM E B OOK .

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s ta n c e t h e h u sb an d s o r t h e fa th e r s n a m e w a s S c h ub e rt ; th e w i fe
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o r d a u gh t e r wo u l d b e c a l l e d S c h u be rt i n o r Sc h u be rt e n I f th e ,
.

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c a l l e d H o f f mae n n i n G o d sc h e d i n a n d H a s i n
, . .

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p i re c o n s i s t s o f fo u r k i n gdo m s : P ru s s i a B av a ri a V Vu rt e mbe rg an d , ,

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d i v i d e d i n t o A e mt e r o r K re i s e ( p a ri sh e s ) T h e k e e p e r s of

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.

go v e rn m e n t a s w e l l a s t h e c h u rc h a rc h i v e s a re v e ry s t ri c t an d ex ac t
i n th e i r e n t ri e s Fo r i n s t a n c e a c o u p l e w a n t s t o ge t m a rri e d T h e
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c l e rk o f t h e S t a n d e s a m t o r p a ri s h w i l l e n t e r n o t o n l y t h e n a m e ,

a n d age o f th e c o u p l e w h o a re t o b e m a rri e d b u t w i l l t ak e t h e n a m e s .

o f b o th o f th e i r p a re n t s t h e p a re n t s b i rt h d at e s t oge t h e r w i t h t h e i r
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o wn ge n e al ogy a s w e l l a s t h e o c c u p at i o n o f t h e i r fat h e r s
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d re n F o r i n st an c e a n e n t ry may re a d a s t h e fol l o w i n g :
.
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th i rd o f S e p t e m b e r 1780 a m a l e c h i l d w a s b o rn to J o h an n e s F ri e d
, .

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.

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( d a u gh t e r o f H e rm an n W i n t e r t ai l o r i n B ri e g an d h i s w i fe M a ri a , .

B ra u n ) b o rn A p ri l 2 1754 i n B ri e g L i v i n g Fi e l d S t re e t N o 12
, . , . . .

T h e c h i l d w i l l b e n am e d : A u gu st Jo h a n n e s F ri e d ri ch .

T h e b ap t i sm e n t ry i n t h e c h u rc h re c o rd s w i l l b e s i m i l a r an d th e
n am e s o f t h e go d p a re n t s o r w i tn e s s e s w i l l al s o b e m e n t i o n e d I n .

th i s w ay o n e c an ge t q u i t e a l o t o f ge n e a l ogi c al d a t a a n d m o re so

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i f t h e fa m i l y h a s l i v e d i n o n e p a ri s h f o r s e v e ra l ge n e ra t i on s A s a .

rul e p e op l e d i d n o t t rav e l v e ry m u c h i n e a rl y d ay s e xc e p t t h e

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sc h ol a rs a n d t h e w an d e rn d e B u r sc h e n Th e l at t e r w e re y o u n g .

m e n wh o afte r h av i n g sp e n t s e v e ra l y e a r s l e a rn i n g t h e i r t ra d e
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we n t o u t i n t h e wo rl d o r go i n g a u f VV an d e rsc h af t t o ge t w i s do m ,

a n d exp e ri e n c e N o wa d ay s a fa m i l y i s sc a t t e re d a l l o v e r t h e l an d
.

a n d w h e re v e r a p e r son go e s h e o r sh e c an n o t st a y i n t h e s a m e p l ac e ,

l o n ge r th an t h re e d ay s w i th o u t g i v i n g a st a t e m e n t t o t h e l a n d l o r d
wh e re h e c am e fro m w h a t h i s o c c u p at i o n i s wh e re h e w a s bo rn
, .
,
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h i s ge n e al ogi c al d at a an d h i s p a re n t s n a m e s Th e l a n d l o rd i n .

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GE R M A N S U R N A ME S . 221

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222 S U R N A M E B OO K .

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,
.

p a rt i c u l a r p e r s o n c a m e f ro m h e h a d to l e av e a s i m i l a r s ta t e m e n t .

T h i s sh o w s h o w p a rt i c u l a r G e rm an s a re i n re c ord i n g al l k i n d s
of d ata b u t t h e c h u rc h c l e rk s a re m o re so i n e n t e ri n g d e at h s o r
, ,

b u ri al s

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T h e fol l o w i n g i s a n ext ra c t o f a n a rt i c l e fo u n d i n t h e Fa m i
l i e n g e sc h i c h t l i c h e n B l ae t t e r o n p age 8 V o l 9 , . .

O n t h e l st o f O c t 1838 Jo h an n Go t t l i e b H a t z k e o f A rn s do rf
.
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w a s J oh a n n Go t t fri e d H a t z k e fa rm e r an d l a n d ow n e r t h e re H i s ,
.

m ot h e r s m a i d e n n a m e wa s A n n a R o si e n a S e l i ge r o f G i e r s d o rf I n
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ra i s e d b y h i s fa th e r s S i st e r a n d h e r h u sb an d w h o w e re l iv i n g i n
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t h e s am e c i t y A fte r h i s c o n fi rm at i o n h e l e a rn e d t h e t ra d e o f c a rt
.

w ri gh t A ft e r h i s a p p re n t i c e s h i p h e w o rk e d fo r M r Ky n a s t i n
. .

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,

h om e a n d m a rri e d o n th e 8th o f O c tob e r 1786 J o h an n a J u l i a n a , ,

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h i s w i fe J o h an n a J u l i an a L i eb e n s c h e i d o f H art man sd o rf b o rn 7th .

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i n t e n d e n t o f s c h oo l s H e w a s a w i d o w e r u p t o h i s d e at h w h i c h
.
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o c c u r re d o n 28t h S e p t 1838 H e d i e d o f d rop s y 74 y e a r s 7 m o n t h s

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a n d 18 d ay s o l d .

T h e a b o v e i n fo rm a t i o n i s s a i d t o be a n ab s t ra c t o f a c h u rc h
re c o rd gi v e n s o t h a t t h e m i n i st e r c o u l d d e l iv e r t h e fu n e ra l s e rmo n .

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,

q u i t e an e a rl y d at e T h e c i ty of G o e rl i t z f o r i n st a n c e h a s re c o rd s
.
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.

t h a t d u p l i c at e s o f t h e p a ri sh re c o rd s b e s e n t t o t h e c a p i t a l o f th e

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p rov i n c e o f S i l e s i a .

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p a ri s h c l e rk s o f t h e e st ab l i sh e d c h u rc h i n th e k i n gd o m t o u s e t h e ,

m o s t c a re fu l a c c u ra cy i n k e ep i n g b ook s a n d n o t t o re c o rd a n y t h i n g
th a t c an n o t b e p rov e d ri gh t ; t o a r ran ge a n d i n d e x t h e n a m e s a l p h a
‘

be t i c al l y a n d t o m a k e d u p l i c at e e n t ri e s ; a n d t h a t al l p a ri sh e s sh o u l d
,

fol l o w t h e s a m e p l a n O n t h e 7t h o f D e c e m b e r t h e d i s t ri c t o f
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re gu l at i on s t ook p l a c e

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c h u rc h wa rd e n s u n t i l A u gu s t 18 11 b u t a fte r t h a t d at e a b u e rge r
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o f fi c e an d e a c h p a ri sh h a d t o s e n d a c op y o f t h e b ap t i s m an d m a r
ri ag e re c o rd s f ro m 1760 t o 1811 an d o f t h e b u ri al s f ro m 1760 t o ,
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.
 SURNA M E B OO K .

S e a rc h a n d c o m p i l e t h e ge n e a l ogi e s fro m d oc u m e n t s a n d p ar i s h
re c o rd s w h e re I fou n d t h e m o r w h e re th e re s e a rc h wo rk l e d m e
,
.

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t o re fu s e t h e u s e o f t h e b o ok s t o a n y p ri v a t e p e r so n s b u t s u c h ri gh t ,

i s u s u al l y n o t ex e rc i s e d t o wa rd s p e r s on s m ak i n g h i s to ri c a l a n d
ge n e a l ogi c a l re s e a rc h t h e i r p ro fe s s i o n .

T h e o f fi c i a l s a n d m i n i st e r s h av i n g p a ri s h re c o r d s i n th e i r k e ep
i n g c a n n o t w i t h fe w e xc e p t i o n s b e re l i e d o n f o r s e a rc h i n g o u t a
, , ,

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,

ol d L a t i n a n d o l d G e rm an s c ri p t M S S b ook s a n d n o t u n d e r s t an d i n g .
,

th e ro u t i n e o f c o m p i l at i o n o f s u c h wo rk C i v i l o f fi c e r s a n d e v e n .

m i n i st e rs a re u n ab l e to t ra n s l a t e t h e m i n to m o d e rn t o n gu e s T h e .

c a pab l e m e n m o s t l y i n l a rge c i t i e s u s u al l y h av e n ot t i m e t o d e v o t e
, ,

to s u c h a b so rb i n g wo rk .

S w i t z e rl an d i s u n d o ub t e d l y o n e o f t h e b e s t c o u n t ri e s f o r ge n e
a l ogi c a l re se a rc h I t h a s t h e o l d e s t p a ri s h re c o r d s i n Ch ri s t e n d o m
’

.
.

T h e c i t i z e n sh i p i n a t ow n i s s t ri c t l y a d h e re d t o e s p e c i a l l y s i n c e ,

ab o u t 16 18 A l l m e m b e r s o f e a c h fa m i l y a re c i t i z e n s i n a tow n
. ,

wh e th e r t h e y l i v e t h e re o r n o t l i k e Jo s e p h a n d M a ry w h o l i v e d i n
,

N a z a re t h b u t bo t h o f w h o m w e re c i t i z e n s i n B e th l e h e m S o t h e
,
.

re co rd o f a l a rge fa m i l y w h o s e m e m b e r s a re p e rh ap s t o d ay s c a t
,

t e re d a l l ov e r t h e c o u n t ry m ay b e fo u n d i n b u t a v e ry f e w t ow n
,

re c o rd b ook s A s fa r a s I k n o w S w i t z e rl an d an d L i t t l e R u s s i a a re
-
.
,

t h e o n l y c o u n t ri e s h av i n g t h i s sy s t e m .

T h e o f fi c i al s h av e a r i gh t t o c h a rge f ro m fi fty c e n t i m e s ( t e n
cen ts) to fra n c s ( t h i rty c e n t s ) fo r a u t h o ri z e d e x t rac t s fro m th e
d i f f e re n t bo o k s N o go v e rn m e n t re gu l at i o n o f c h a rge s h a s b e e n
.

m a d e fo r th e c o m p i l at i o n o f a c om p l e t e ge n e al ogy o r t h e s e a rc h b y
ot h e r p a rt i e s .

J u st a fe w l i n e s o n G e rm a n y I n 1869 t h e ge n e a l ogi c a l so c i e ty
.

”
H e ra l d w a s o rg a n i z e d i n B e rl i n I n 1905 i t s m e m b e r s h i p w a s .

ab o u t T h e ge n e a l ogi c a l c a t al og u e fo r 1904 i s a b oo k o f 332

p age s T h e so c i e ty s a i m i s t o 1n sp 1re 1n te re st i n c o l l e c t i n g fa m i l y
.
’

h i sto r i e s an d ge n e al o gi e s T h ey d o n o t c o m p i l e w o rk s f o r c l i e n t s
. .

T h e re a re s e v e ra l s u c h ge n e al ogi c al so c i e t i e s i n G e rm a n y b u t t h e y ,

a re m o s t l y o f l o c a l i m p o rta n c e w i t h n at i o n al s t a n d i n g
,
.

A b o u t 1902 a n i n t e rn at i on a l c e n t ra l o f fi c e ( p r i v at e u n d e rt ak
i n g ) w a s o rgan i z e d i n L e i p z i g w i t h t h e a i m o f a ro u s i n g i n t e re s t
,

a m o n g c o m m o n c i t i z e n s a n d t r y i n g t o ob t a i n l e gi sl at i o n f o r t h e c o l
,

l ec t i n g o f al l p a ri sh re c o rd s i n t o l a rge c e n t ra l a rc h i v e s T h e soc i e ty .

a l so s e a rc h e s o u t an d c o m p i l e s re c o rd s fo r c l i e n t s .

T h e m a i n s o u rc e s f o r re se a rc h e s t h e p a ri s h re c o rd s ; a re i n t h e ,

h a n d s o f th e c l e rg y I n l a rge r c i t i e s c e n t ra l a rc h i v e s fo r p a ri s h
.

re c o rd s h av e b e e n fo rm e d w i th fi x e d p ri c e s f o r s e a rc h e s a n d op e n
.

t o e v e r y b od y T h e u s e o f th e b oo k s i n s m a l l e r c i t i e s an d v i l l age s
.

d e p e n d s u p on th e go o d w i l l o f th e h ol d e r s t h e c l e rg y ,
.
 In t h e k i n gd o m o f
19 12 p u b l i sh e d a c o m p l e t e i n
d ex o f a l l t h e p a ri s h re c o rd s th e i r d e p o s i t a ri e s an d c on d i t i o n S i n c e
. .

1878 c i v i l o ff i c e rs a re t h e re c o rd e rs i n a l l G e rm a n y ; t h e o l d p a ri sh .

b ook s h o w e v e r a re s t i l l l e ft i n t h e h a n d s o f t h e c l e rgy
. . .

I n G e rm a n y t h e re a re fo u n d m a n y p ri n t e d ge n e a l ogi c a l wo rk s .

o f o l d er an d re c e n t d a t e s I t b e i n g a mo n a rc h y h a v i n g a h e re d i t a ry
.
,

n ob i l i t y t h e i n t e re s t i n ge n e al o g y i s n a t u ra l l y gre a t e r t h a n i n
.

‘
S w i t z e rl an d wh e re t h e p e op l e h a v e h a d a h a rd st ru ggl e fo r fre e d o m
.

a n d l i v e l i h oo d .

I n F ran c e a n d c o u n t ri e s b e l o n gi n g t o F ra n c e b e fo re 1870 ( n o w
.

G e rm a n t e r ri t o r y ) t h e c i v i l o f fi c e r s a re t h e l e ga l re c o rd e rs s i n c e
.

1792 w h e n a t t h e t i m e o f th e re vo l u t i o n t h e c l e rg y wa s b a n i sh e d
. .

fro m F ra n c e a n d d i d n o t re ga i n t h e i r r i gh t s i n t h i s l i n e e v e n a ft e r
. .

t h e i r re t u rn .

‘
B e fo re t h e R e fo rm at i o n no b oo k s o r re c o rd s o f b i rt h s ( o r b ap ,

“
t i sm s) m a rri age s d e at h s o r fa m i l i e s w e re k e p t fo r a l l t h e p eO p l e i n
. .
t

an y c o u n t r y T h e n ob i l i t y a tt e n d e d t o t h i s t h e m s e l v e s fo r t h e i r
.

o wn fa m i l i e s t h e c l e rk s f o r t h e t ra d e gu i l d s o r Z u n f t sc h re i be r f o r
.

t h e i r m e m b e rs N o re c o rd s fo r t h e c o m m on p e op l e w e re k ep t ex
.

c e p t by t h e C a t h o l i c p a ri s h p ri e s t s S o u rc e s o f i n fo rm a t io n b efo re .
.

t h e Re fo rm a t i o n a re h i s t o ri c a l d oc u m e n t s d e e d s w i l l s e t c a l l ke p t . . . . .

“
m a i n l y i n c i t y a n d go v e rn m e n t a rc h i v e s gi v i n g i n fo rm a t i on o 11 l y o f
.

,
'
~ ~

n ob l e fa m i l i e s a n d p ro p e rty h o l d e r s T h e C at h o l i c c h u rc h e s o r . .

p a ri s h e s k e p t a so c a l l e d J ah rz e i t bu c h o r y e a r —b o o k w h e re i n t h e
-
.

d o n a t o r s fo r m a s s —s e rv i c e s f o r t h e m s e l v e s o r m e m b e r s o f t h e i r .

fa m i l y w e re re c o rd e d S u c h a b o o k m ay c o v e r a p e ri od of p e rh a p s
.
:

a n h u n d re d y e a r s b u t a s u s u a l l y o n l y t h e d ay a n d m o n t h an d n o t
. . , .

'

th e yea r wa s record e d su ch bo ok s a re to sea rch e rs o f f ar i ri f e ri or

. . , : f .

valu e to th e pa ri s h record s a fte r th e Re f ormat ion .

I n C a th o l i c c h u rc h e s t h e b o ok s w e re m a i n l y w ri t t e n i n L a t i n :
i n P ro t e s t a n t c h u rc h e s u s u a l l y i n G e rm a n i n t e r sp e r s e d w i t h L a t i n
. .
.

wo rd s a n d s i gn s T h e V a t i c a n a t Ro m e h a s a m i n e o f ge n e a l o gi ca l
.

i n fo rm at i o n o f a l l E u rop e a n c o u n t ri e s d u ri n g t h e M i d d l e A ge s s u c h .

a s d i s p e n s a t io n s m a r ri a ge s b i rt h s d ea t h s a n d p rop e rty l i t i g at i o n s
. , ,
-

B u t o f c o u r s e t h e s e a re b u ri e d o u t o f s i gh t a n d a re ab s o l u t e l y i n - 1

a c c e s s i b l e \Vh o k n o w s wh e n t h e y m ay b e b ro u gh t fo rt h
.
?

Co n d i t i o n s a n d m e t h o d s o f wo r k i n g a re so m e wh a t d i f f e rent .

h e re t h a n i n E n gl a n d a n d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s T h e re a gre at d ea l
. .

m o re h a s b e e n p u b l i s h e d a n d t h e so u rc e s a re op e n t o e v e r y b o d y
.
.

Re s e a rc h w o rk i n t h e G e rm a n s p e a k i n g co u n t ri e s Wi l l b e f 0 r a
’

l on g t i m e t o c o m e t h e w o rk o f ge n e a l ogi c a l s e a rc h e r s Th e v m u s t
. .

n e e d s c o m p i l e f ro m o ri gi n a l b oo k s a n d n ot fro m p ri n t e d wor ks .

a l re a d y c o m p i l e d .
 X X IV .

G E N E AL O G IC A L R E C O R D S O F TH E M AO R I O F NE W
Z E AL AN D .

P ap e r by E l s d o n B e st o f t h e W e l l i n gto n P h i l o so p h i c al S o c i e t y
. ,

W e l l i n gt on N e w Z e a l a n d p re s e n te d a t t h e I n t e rn a t i o n a l C o n gre s s
, ,

o f G e n e a l og y i n S an F ra n c i sc o C a l J u l y 29 1915 :
, , ,

A s a b ra n c h o f t h e P ol y n e s i a n rac e wh i c h o c c u p i e s so v a s t a n
a re a o f t h e i s l a n d S y st e m o f t h e Pa c i fi c O c e a n i t may b e t ak e n a s a ,

fo re go n e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e M ao ri o f N e w Z e al a n d w a s e v e r m o s t
c a re fu l a n d d i l i ge n t i n c o n s e rv i n g t h e t ra d i t i o n a l l o re o f h i s p e op l e .

a n d i n n o d e p a rt m e n t wa s t h i s m o re m a rk e d t h a n i n t h e p re s e rv a
t i o n o f ge n e al ogi c a l re c o rd s I t i s a w e l l k n o w n fac t t h a t t h e
.

P ol y n e s i a n s h av e e v e r v e n e rat e d t h e ol d e r o ra l t ra d i t i on s a n d ge n e
a l o gi e s o f t h e i r rac e an d h av e s e t a h i gh v a l u e o n t h o s e c o n n e ct e d
.

w i t h th e o ri gi n o f m a n an d o f m a n s d e s c e n t f ro m t h e go d s I n ’
.

e n d e av o ri n g to d i s c ov e r s o m e exp l a n a t i o n f o r th e v e n e ra t i o n d i s
p l a y e d t o w a rd s t h e m o re an c i e n t p o rt i on s o f l i n e s o f d e s c e n t a n d
t h e i n n at e M an a p o s s e s s e d by th e m a s p rov e d by t h e fa c t o f th e i r .

b e i n g re c i t e d i n c e rt a i n ri t u a l p e rfo rm a n c e s i t i s q u i t e p o s s i b l e t h a t ,

w e h e re n o t e t h e o ri gi n o f su c h u s age s a n d b e l i e f s .

T h e M ao ri b e l i e v e s t h at h e i s d e s c e n d e d f ro m t h e go d s ; t h a t
h e i n h i s o w n p e r son p o s s e s s e s o r c on ta i n s a p o rt i o n o f d i v i n e
, .

e s s e n c e ; a n d m o re ov e r th a t i t i s t h i s q u a l i ty th a t e n ab l e s h i m to
.

p e rfo rm an y r em a rk ab l e fe a t a n d p rot e c t s an d p re s e rv e s h i s w e l
.

fa re p h y s i c a l i n t e l l e c t u a l a n d s p i ri t u a l H e d oe s n o t c l a i m d e sc e n t
, . .

f ro m t h e S u p re m e B e i n g b u t f rom w h a t may b e t e rm e d t h e d ep a rt
.

m e n t al go d s t h e o f f sp r i n g o f th e p ri m a l p a re n t s R an gi ( T h e S ky
.

P a re n t ) a n d Pa p a ( t h e E a rt h M ot h e r ) I t w a s T an e t h e so n o f .
,

t h e s e p a re n t s w h o so u gh t th e fe m al e e l e m e n t fa r a n d w i d e w i th ou t
.

s u c c e s s w h e re u p o n h e fo rm e d a fi gu re o f e a rth o n th e mo m v e n e ri s
,

o f t h e E a rt h M o t h e r H e t h e n p roc u re d fro m t h e S u p re m e B e i n g
.

th e s o u l th e b l oo d a n d t h e b re a th of l i fe by wh i c h t h e l i fe l e s s fo rm
.

w a s v i v i fi e d a n d t h e fi r st S i gn o f l i fe gi v e n by t h a t fo rm wa s a
,

s n e e z e h e n c e th e w e l l k n o wn exp re s s i o n o f T i h e M a u ri O ra
,
”

( sn e e z e l i v i n g s o u l ) a s h e a rd a m on g t h e M ao f i fol k o f t h i s d ay
.
, . .

T h u s c a m e i n t o b e i n g H i n e A h u O n e t h e E a rt h fo rm e d M a i d
-

'
-
.
-
.

w h o w a s tak e n t o w i fe by T a n e S h e w a s t h e fi r s t wo m a n a n d th e
.
,

m o th e r o f m a n k i n d : fro m t h i s t w a i n a re d e s c e n d e d th e wh ol e o f t h e
b ro w n S k i n n e d fo l k w h o d we l l i n t h e c o u n t l e s s l a n d s o f t h e M an y
I s l e d S e a A fu rth e r i n q u i ry i n t o M a o ri m y t h w i l l S h o w t h a t T an e
.

w a s e s s e n t i al l y t h e fe rt i l i z e r h e w h o fe rt i l i z e s t h e E a rt h M o t h e r
-
, ,

t h e o ri gi n o r t u t e l a ry d e i t y o f fo re s t s an d t h e p ow e r t h a t b ro u gh t .

l i gh t i n to t h e w o rl d : i n b ri e f T a n e i s t h e S u n . .
228 SU R N A M E BOOK .

d e m n e d by h i gh e r a u th o ri t i e s T h e n am e s o f p eri o d s o r age s o r
.
, .

c o n d i t i on s t h a t p re c e d e d t h e Sky P a re n t an d E art h M ot h e r a re al s o
so gi v e n by s o m e b u t c on d e m n e d by a d e p t s .
.

T h e t ru e ge n e al o gi c a l e xp e rt s we re m e n wh o i n t h e i r y o ut h , ,

h a d b e e n s e l e c t e d a s s t u d e n t s t o b e t a u gh t i n t h e sa c re d s c h oo l o f
l e a rn i n g Fo r t h i s p u rp o s e w e re s e l e c t e d y o u t h s o f goo d fa m i l y
.
,

i e o f t h e c h i e fta i n c l a s s w h o p o s s e s s e d goo d m e m o r i e s T h i s
. .
, ,
.

m o s t n e c e s s a r y q u a l i fi c a t i on w a s a s c e rt a i n e d by a s se m b l i n g th e s e
y o u t h s to ge t h e r w h e n o n e a d e p t wo u l d re c i t e t o t h e m so m e l e n gt h y
,

t ra d i t i o n a p op u l a r s to r y o r fo l k l o re t al e s u c h a s t h e st o r y o f
‘

. ,

M a u i th e H e ro T h i s s to r y th e y o u n g fo l k h a d to m e m o ri z e f ro m
,
.

on e re c i t a l a n d t h o s e a m on g th e m w h o we re ab l e t o do s o a n d t o
, ,

re p e at s u c h s to r y c o r re c t l y i n d e t a i l w e re s e l e c t e d a s p u p i l s t o b e .

ta u gh t t h e o ral t ra d i t i on s o f t h e t ri b e 1n c l u d i n g t h e o ri gi n o f m a n . .

c o s m ol ogi c al m y t h s t ri b al h i sto r y an d ge n e al ogi c a l l o re

. Th e .

c u ri o u s a n d i n t e re s t i n g fo rm al i t i e s a n d r i t u al co n n e c t e d w i t h s u c h
te ac h i n g i s t o o b i g a s u b j e c t t o b e h e re d e s c ri b e d b u t i t sh o u l d b e .

m a d e c l e a r th a t th e i m p a rt i n g o f w h a t w e re d e e m e d t h e m o re i m
p o rta n t s u b j e c t s a n t h rop oge n y c o s m ogo n y ri t u a l fo rm u l a e ol d
, .
, .

t i m e ge n e al ogi e s e t c w a s a h i gh l y s e ri o u s t a sk an d ex t re m e l y
. .
.

T ap u T h e n u m e ro u s re s t ri c t i o n s p ro h i b i t i o n s a n d ri t u al p e r
. . .

f o rm an c e s c on n e c t e d w i t h t h e ac q u i s i t i o n of s u c h k n o wl e d ge t h ro w
m u c h l i gh t o n t h e m e n ta l i t y a n d re l i gi o n of t h i s m o st i n t e re st i n g
p eop l e .

O n e s u bj e c t o n w h i c h th e a d e p t t e ac h e r s o f s u c h sc h ol a r s l a i d
c on si d e rab l e s t re s s w a s th e l i n e o f d e m a rc at i o n b e t we e n p op u l a r
fo l k l o re t al e s an d wh a t \ V 8 S h e l d to b e c o r re c t an d o rt h o d ox t ra
0 .

d i t i o n al h i st o r y T h u s c e rt a i n t ra d i t i on a r y t a l e s e tc b o re t wo
. . .

a sp e c t s t h e p op u l a r v e r s i o n kn o w n t o a l l p e r son s an d t h e c o r re c t
, ,

o r o rth o d o x v e r s i o n kn o w n o n l y t o th e t ra i n e d a d e p t s wh o h a d
p a s s e d t h ro u gh th e s c h o o l o f l e a rn ing Th u s w e h av e d i s c ov e re d .

o f l at e y e a r s th a t c e rta i n st o r i e s h e l d by u s t o b e m e re l y m y t h s o r

fo l k t a l e s a re re al l y a s t a u gh t to t h e i n i t i at e d fe w re c o rd s o f b on a
. . ,

fi d e a n c e st o r s a n d th e i r d o i n g s S u c h t ra d i t i o n s h av e a s p re s e rv e d
.
.

by t h e b u l k o f th e p e op l e b e c o m e e n c ru st e d w i t h m y th i c a l an d i m
,

p o s s i b l e fe at u re s w h i c h re n d e re d th e m o f gre a te r i n te re s t t o t h e
.

o rd i n a r y p e r so n A s a l re a d y o b se rv e d t h i s p e c u l i a ri t y e xt e n d e d
.

t o t h e m o re an c i e n t p o rt i o n s o f t ri b a l ge n e a l ogi e s ; t h e t ra i n e d a d e p t s
w e re th e p re s e rv e r s o f wh a t w a s d e e m e d t h e c o r re c t v e r s i on s o f
a n c i e n t l i n e age S u c h p e r so n s o n l y w e re ab l e t o gi v e d e t a i l s o f fa r
.

b a c k ge n e ra t i o n s s u c h a s m a rri a ge s o f re m o t e a n c e s to rs
. Th e .

av e ra ge c o m m on e r c o u l d n ot s u p p l y s u c h d e ta i l s f o r m o re t h a n
ab o u t t e n t o t we n t y ge n e ra t i on s T h e v e r y g re a t e s t c a re wa s t ak e n .

to re n d e r t h e t ran s m i s s i o n o f al l ge n e al ogi c al a n d o t h e r i m p o rta n t

m a t t e r ab sol u t e l y a c c u rat e S h o u l d a n a d e p t m ak e a m i st ak e i n
.

h i s re c i ta l o f a ge n e a l og y o r re l i gi o u s fo rm u l a s u c h a n oc c u rre n c e .

wa s l ook e d u p on a s a m o s t s e r i o u s m i s fo rtu n e s u c h n o t i n fre q u e n t l y .

c a u se d t h e d e ath o f t h e h ap l e s s a d e p t I n i t s m i l d e s t a sp e c t i t wa s .
 RECORDS OF TH E MAO RI S OF N E \V Z EA LA N D
/
. 229

ex t re m e l y u n l u c k y t o c o m m i t s u c h a n e rro r f or t h e go d s o f t h e ,

M a o ri wo u l d p u n i s h t h e o f fe n d e r .

I t m u s t n o t b e s u p p o s e d t h a t t ra i n e d p ri e st l y a d ep t s wh o h a d
p a s s e d t h ro u gh t h e T a p u s c h o ol o f l e a rn i n g we re i n th e h ab i t o f
a i ri n g t h e i r k n o w l e d ge o r i m p a rt i n g i t t o a l l a n d s u n d ry T h e y
.
-
.

we re e xt re m e l y c o n se rv a t i v e a n d re t i c e n t T h e y h e a rd t h e p e op l e
.

re c i t i n g t h e fi re s i d e s to ri e s p op u l a ri z e d a n d e rro n e o u s fo rm s o f h i s
.

to ri c al trad ition s al so inco rrect accounts o f the origin o f man but ,

m a d e n o s i gn a n d n o a t t e m p t t o c o r re c t t h e m S u c h t h i n g s w e re .

goo d e n o u gh fo r c o m m o n e r s an d i f t h e l a tt e r b e c a m e p o s s e s se d o f
T ap u b ra n c h e s o f k n o w l e d ge t h e n m o s t a s s u re d l y w o u l d t h e t ri b e
.

b e i n p e ri l T h e m o re a n c i e n t p o rt i on s o f ge n e a l ogi e s a s a l s o l i tt l e
. .

kn o w n l i n e s o f d e s c e n t w e re n ot d i sc u s s e d o r re c i t e d i n p u b l i c
.

u n l e ss th e a u d i e n c e w a s c o m p o s e d o f a c oh e s i v e h o m oge n e o u s p e o .

p l e s u c h a s a v i l l age c o m m u n i t y a n d e v e n u n d e r s u c h c on d i t i o n s

“
.

t h e s e o c c u rre n c e s w e re ra re S h o u l d m e m b e r s o f an ot h e r t ri b e
.

c h a n c e to b e p re s e n t a d ep t s we re d o u b l y re t i c e n t In m a n y c a s e s
. . .

”
a l i n e o f d e s c e n t w a s s t r u n g o n a s i n gl e l i n e i e t h e n a m e of t h e . .

w i fe o r h u sb a n d wa s n o t g i v e n N o p e r so n i s m o re c o n se rv a t i v e
.

o f p ri z e d kn o w l e d g e t h a n t h e M a o r i .

W e h av e s e e n t h a t e v e r y m a l e m e m b e r o f a t ri b e wo u l d k n o w
h i s o w n l i n e o f d e s c e n t fro m a gi v e n p o i n t u s u al l y fro m an a n c e s t o r
.

w h o c a m e t o N e w Z e a l a n d f ro m t h e i s l e s o f E a s t e rn Po l y n e s i a i n ,

o n e o f t h e m a n y v e s s e l s t h at a rri v e d h e re f ro m t h o se p a rt s d u ri n g
'

a p e ri o d o f f ro m e i gh t e e n t o t h i rt y ge n e ra t i on s a go H e wo u l d a l so .

b e c o n v e r sa n t w i t h h i s c o n n e c t i o n w i t h ot h e r s u b t ri b e s a n d t ri b e s -
.

f o r o w i n g t o i n t e rm a rri a ge s h e wo u l d b e a m e m b e r o f s e v e ra l s u c h
, ,

comm unities . I n e v e ry c l a n t h e re wo u l d a l so b e s e v e ra l m e n wh o
m i gh t b e t e rm e d s e c o n d ra t e a d e p t s m e n w h o h a d n o t p a s s e d
'

t h ro u gh t h e s c h oo l o f l e a rn i n g b u t w h o w e re i n t e re s te d 1n th e t ri b a l
,

l i n e age a n d h a d m a n a ge d t o c o l l e c t a c on s i d e ra b l e a m o u n t of i n
fo rm a t i o n o n t h e s u b j e c t I n s u c h st u d i e s t h e a s to n i s h i n g p o we r s
.

o f m e m o r y p o s s e s s e d b y t h e M ao ri s too d h i m i n goo d s t e a d f o r h e .

h a d n o s y s t e m o f w ri t t e n l a n gu a ge o r n e mo n i c s t o a s s i s t h i m i n
p re s e rv i n g t ri b a l re c o rd s ; h e d ep e n d e d u p o n m e m o ry al o n e a n d h i s .

m e m o r y a s s u re d l y d i d h i m y e o m a n s e rv i c e .

A s a n i l l u s t rat i o n o f th i s t y p e o f ge n e a l ogi st s I m ay m e n t i o n
my wo rt h y o l d fri e n d T a m a ra u o f th e Tu h o e t ri b e Wh e n a gov .

e rn m e n t c o m m i s s i o n w a s i n q u i ri n g i n t o t h e o w n e r s h i p o f c e rta i n

b l o c k s o f l a n d t h i s o l d m a n gav e i n c o u rt t h e d e s c e n t o f h i s s u b
.

t ri b e f ro m a n a n c e s t o r w h o fl ou ri s h e d s o m e t w e n t y o n e ge n e ra t i o n s -

a go T h e re c i t a l o f t h i s m a tt e r w i t h s u n d ry e xp l a n a t i o n s o f i n t e r
.
.

m a rri a ge s w i t h o t h e r c o m m u n i t i e s oc c u p i e d t h re e d a v s an d t h e
d e s c e n t of e 1 e ry l i v i n g” m e m b e r o f t h e c l a n w a s c l e a rl y sh o wn
t
.

T h i s t a s k i n 1 o l 1 e d t l 1 e re m e m b ra n c e a n d 1 e c i t al o f
. name s of
p e r so n s i n o rd e r to b ri n g t h e v a ri o u s b ran c h e s f ro m t h e m a i n l i n e
 30 SURNA M E B OO K .

d o wn n ot t o e v er y l i v i n g m e m b e r o f t h e c l a n b u t t o t h e ol d e s t
,

l i v i n g m e m b e r o f e a c h fa mi l y e t c o f t h e c l an o ft e n a gran d p a re n t
,
.
, . , _

oc c a s io n al l y a gre a t gran d p a re n t T h e re c i t a l o f t h e n a m e s o f a l l
.
»

t h e l i v i n g m e m b e r s o f e ac h fa m i l y w a s a d i s t i n c t p e rfo rm an c e t h a t
wa s c a rri e d o u t l a t e r N o w t h e w h o l e o f t h e ab ov e i n fo r m at io n
“
.
,

th e v a st n u m b e r o f p e r s o n a l n a m e s gi v e n i n t h e i r p rop e r o r d e r h a d , ,

b e e n m e m o ri z e d b y t h e re c i t e r i n h i s y o u n ge r d ay s a n d re m e m b e re d
wh e n h e w a s 70 y e a r s o f a ge M o re ov e r t h i s w a s b u t a p o rt io n
.

o f h i s a c q u i re d m a s s o f k n o w l e dge o f t h e s u b j e c t ; h e c o u l d t ra c e
'

d e s c e n t fro m m a n y o t h e r an c e s to rs a n d gi v e t h e l i n e age o f o th e r ,

cl an s o r s u b t ri b e s A p a rt fro m t h i s s u b j e c t h i s m i n d w a s e q u a l l y
-
.

w e l l s to re d i n re sp e c t t o ot h e r b ran c h e s o f k n ow l e d ge s u c h a s t ri b a l ,

h i s to r y m y t h s fol k l o re s on g s e t c O n o n e o c c a s i o n th e w ri t e r
, , , , . .

sp e n t t h r ee d ay s w i t h h i m a n d sp e n t t h e t h re e d ay s an d e v e n i n g s
,

i n tak i n g d o w n i n s h o rth an d a m a s s o f t ra d i t i o n a l h i s to ry e t c f ro m . .
,

h i s d i c t at i o n T h e o l d fe l l o w n e v e r fl agge d a n d wa s n e v e r ap p a r
.

e n t l y a t fa u l t W h e n l e av i n g h e i n fo rm e d m e t h a t w e h a d b u t c o m
.

men c e d t h e t a s k .

A n o t h e r i n t e re st i n g exp e ri e n c e t h a t b e fe l l th e w ri te r w a s wh e n ,

i n 1896 a n o l d n a t i v e re c i t e d t o h i m fro m m e m o ry n o l e s s t h a n 406

,

s o n g s I n n e i th e r c a s e wa s an y g rap h i c s y s t e m re l i e d u p o n t h e
.
,

m e m o r y a l on e w a s t h e c o n s e rv i n g p o w e r— t h e a m a z i n g m e m o r y o f
th e Po l y ne s i a n t h a t h a s p re s e rv e d s u c h v a s t s t o ri e s o f t ra d i t i o n al
l o re.

I n T ab l e N o 1 i s gi v e n t h e d e s c e n t o f T a m a ru f ro m H ap e a s
.
,

t ake n fro m t h e ge n e al o g y o f h i s s u b t ri b e m e n t i o n e d ab ov e To -
.

c op y o u t t h e wh ol e t ab l e w i t h i t s m a n y b ran c h e s wo u l d b e n o l igh t .

t a s k a n d w o u l d ap p a l l t h e re a d e r
. .

I n a s m u c h a s t r i b al ge n e al og i e s fo rm e d t h e o n l y sy st e m of
c h ron ol o gy k n o w n t o a n d u t i l i z e d by t h e M ao ri i t fol l o w s t h at
, , .

s u c h a fa c t i m p a rt e d t o t h e m a d d i t i on a l v a l u e i n th e e s t i m at i on o f
t h e n at i v e s I t i s al s o t h i s fac t t h a t re n d e r s t h e s e t ab l e s i n t e re s t i n g
.

t o E u rop e a n s W h e n w e h e a r t h e t ra d i t i on s o f t h e a d v e n t u re s o f
.

H ap e a n d o t h e r o l d s e a w an d e re r s w h o l a i d d o w n th e w a t e r ro a d s
o v e r g re at a re a s o f th e P a c i fi c O c e an a n d b re a k i n g th ro u gh t h e ,

h a n gi n g sk y re ac h e d t h i s l on e l an d w e c an by s c a n n i n g t h e l i n e s . .

o f d e s c e n t fro m t h e m l oc at e w i th so m e ap p roa c h t o p re c i s i o n t h e
,
.

c e n t u r y i n wh i c h t h e y l i v e d A s t h e l i n e s fro m H ap e ran ge f ro m
.

21 t o 24 ge n e ra t i o n s w e t ak e t h e m e a n o f
. a s a n i n d i ca ti o n of
th e t i m e i n w h i c h h e fl o u ri s h e d S o m e w ri t e r s h av e p l ac e d t h e .

M ao ri ge n e rat i o n a t 30 y e a r s ot h e r s at 20 b u t t h e exp e rt s o f th e
. ,

Po l y n e s i an S o c i e t y h av e a d op t e d 25 y e a r s a s t h e u n i t .

I t ap p e a r s t o b e a s o m e w h a t c o m m on b e l i e f a m on g an th rop o l
o g i st s t h at e p o n m i c a n c e s to r s ap p e a r i n g i n t h e ge n e al ogi e s o f u n
y
c u l t u re d rac e s a re fi c t i t i o u s m y th i c a l p e r s on age s w h o n e v e r ex i st e d
,
.

T h i s i s n o t t h e c a s e w i t h t h e M ao ri fol k o f N e w Z e a l a n d H e re m o s t .

o f t h e t ri b e s a re n a m e d a ft e r a n a n c e s to r fro m w h o m e v e ry m e m b e r
232 S U R N A M E B OO K .

I n re ga rd to t h e re mo t e a n c e s to r To i ab o v e m e n t i o n e d i t i s
“
, . ,

p rob ab l e th a t e v e r y M ao ri i n t h e s e i sl e s c a n c l a i m d e s c e n t f ro m h i m .

T h e M ao ri fol k h av e p re s e rv e d m o re i n t e re s t i n t h e i r ge n e
a l ogi e s t h a n i n a n y ot h e r b ran c h o f t h e i r a n c i e n t l o re s i m p l y b e c a u s e .

by m e an s o f t h e m d o th e y m ake goo d th e i r c l a i m s i n o u r N at i v e
L an d Co u rt s T h e m o d e rn M ao ri i s n o t ab ov e i n v e n t i n g a l i n e o f
.

d e s c e n t fro m so m e d e s i rab l e a n c e s to r i n s u c h c a se s an d on l y a l o n g .

a n d c l o s e s t u d y o f t h e s u bj e c t w i l l e n ab l e o n e to d e t e c t s u c h
fo rge ri e s .

I n so m e c a s e s n at i v e s h a v e g i v e n u p m e m o ri z i n g t h e m a n y l i n e s
o f d e s c e n t a n d i n t e rm a rri a ge s re l y i n g o n w ri t t e n l a n gu age t o p re
,

s e rv e s u c h d at a O c c a s io n a l l y s u c h p rac t i c e s p u t t h e m i n a s e ri o u s
.

q u an d a r y S o m e t i m e a go t h e w ri te r w a s v i s i t e d by t wo m e m b e r s
.

o f a t ri b e a m on g w h i c h 1 1 e h a d re s i d e d fo r fi fte e n
ye a r s T h i s wa s .

a d e p u t a t i o n s e n t d o w n t o c o p y fro m my n o t e b ook s c e rt a i n l i n e s o f
d e s c e n t n e e d e d a s e v i d e n c e i n a N at i v e L an d Co u rt W ri tt e n c o p i e s .

h a d b e e n l o s t an d d e s t ro y e d t h e ol d m e n o f k n o w l e d ge w e re al l
.

d e a d h e n c e th i s ap p l i c a t i o n t o a m e m b e r o f a n a l i e n ra c e ; s u re l y a
.

n o v e l an d s i gn i fi c a n t p o s i t i o n fo r M a o ri fo l k .

A ga i n a fe w m on t h s s i n c e t h e w ri t e r re c e i v e d a l e t t e r f ro m a
. .

so m e wh a t fa m e d ge n e a l ogi s t o f th e E a s t C oa s t a s k i n g fo r t h e n a m e .

—
o f t h e w i fe o f a ge n t l e m an w h o fl o u ri sh e d t we n t y fou r ge n e ra t i on s

ag o . O 11 re c e i p t o f t h e n a m e h e w rot e a l e t t e r e x p re s s i n g gra t i t u d e
f o r t h e fa vo r a n d re m a rk i n g t h a t th e s u n h a d ri s e n ab ov e a gl o om y
.

h o ri z on .

T h e wa y s t h a t a re d a rk an d t ri c k s t h a t a re v a i n o f s o m e o f
.

t h e s e g e n t ry i n p re fe rr i n g c l a i m s i n a L an d Co u rt a re o fte n p a s s i n g
s t ran ge . e n ga ge d i n m ak i n g o u t l i st s o f p e r so n s e n t i t l e d o r .

al l e ge d to b e e n t i t l e d t o s h a re s i n c e rt a i n l an d s I h av e k n o wn
. .

n at i v e s to a s s i gn s e x a n d n a m e t o a c h i l d y e t u n b o rn W h e n th e .

p re n at al c l a i m an t fi n al l y a p p e a re d i n t h i s w o rl d an d o f t h e w ron g .

s ex s o m e ex c u s e wo u l d re ad i l v b e fo u n d f o r s u c h e r ro r i n th e l i s t s
.
.

T ab l e N o 3 gi v e s a l i n e fro m I ra —k a i —p u ta h i e p o n y m o u s an
. .

c e st o r of th e N ga t i I ra t ri b e w h o c am e h i t h e r f ro m E a s t e rn P o l y
-
.

n e si a a n d w h o s e d e sc e n d an t s fo rm e rl y h e l d t h e W e l l i n gto n d i st ri c t

a s th e i r t ri b al l a n d s T h i s fo l k on c e o c c u p i e d l a n d s n e a r E a s t C ap e
. .

an d h a v e h a d a s t o rm y c a r e e r .

T h e t ab l e s g iv e n m i gh t b e e xt e n d e d to a p ro d i gi o u s e xt e n t b u t .

t h i s wo u l d b u t w e a r y re a d e r s So m e rol l s m a d e o u t a re 15 t o 25
.

fe e t i n l e n gt h .

A l th ou gh a l i n e o f d e s c e n t t h ro u gh t h e e l d e s t s o n w a s h el d t o
b e th e m o s t i m p o rt an t y e t t h a t t h ro u g h th e el d e s t d a u g h t e r wa s a l so
.

h i gh l y e s t e e m e d T h e A 11 0 T am aw ah i n e o r fe m al e l i n e o f d e s c e n t
.

i n t h e h i gh e r c l a s s fa m i l i e s c a rri e d c o n s i d e rab l e w e i gh t a n d c o m
man d e d th e re s p e c t o f t h e c o m m u n i t y .
 RECORD S OF T H E MAO R l S OF N E \V Z E A LA N D . 233

Tabl e 1
.

H a p e ( A 11 i m m i g ran t T awh i wh i
P ol y n e s i a ) . M a ri e
R a w ah o M ah u ru
H a p a i a ri k i -
K o ro k a i wh e n u a -

N g a ri ki T u to n g a
A ri k i k a re -
T e A t a p a re -

Ti rama -
ro a K u amra
T e W h ak at an g at a T a m a ra u
Ta m a a m u t u - -
T e R ei n g a
W h e t u ro a -
H e ri at a
T e K ap o o t e ra n gi - - -
H i n e ki - -
ru n ga ( a n i n fa n t
Tah at u o —t e ao - -
1897)

Tabl e 2
.

S h o w i n g t h e d e s c e n t o f s o m e o f t h e p ri n c i p a l fa m i l i e s o f t h e
T u h o e t ri b e fro m t h e e p o n y m i c a n c e s t o r al s o s h o w i n g t h e c on n e c
.

t i o n o f th e P ol y n e s i a n i m m i gra n t s w i t h t h e ab o ri gi n e s o f t h e U n i t e d
S t a t e s ( A m e ri c a n I n d i a n s ) .

T a ra n ga -

p i k i to i T e W h a re —kot u a
M u k u t e re
'

T e A re
H u ep u T e VV h an o k e
T o ro a T e P i k i o re h u a - -

R an gi —ki t u a K i o re
’

W a i raka VV ai t a n g i
Tamatea Ta n g o h a u
Tu h o e p o t i k i -
T e K u rap a
M u ra K a re k e -
M i h ae re
M u ra a n i n i
'
-
Te Iho
M u ra h i o i -
S P
. .

Tak ah i Ta m a p o ka i -

H i n e wa i -
T e VV h an a p ek e ~

T e A roh an a T a m a on a -

H u k i p ot o-
VV h a re m u t u -

T ak ah i K u ra i ri h a u
- -

T e U m u a ri k i -
Te U m u — a ri ki
Te Whenua nui -
.
T e M a m a ka
T e VV h e n u a—
nui .
M ari n g i
Tuh ua
T e U m u—
t i ri rau Tu ro a
H ine atu -
K a wa
T a u ru a
T e H o k o t ah i
H ao
234 SURNA M E B O O K .

Tu re i Te Whin
M i ri a m a T e A t am e a
K a i m an ak o
-
H a re h a re
Tau m u t u
-
K o ka m u tu
-

m a r ri e d T am a h o re
-

Tak ah i P ah i
Col . Patu
1 . N u mi a
M a ru t arap ek e -
Hine
H i k a t u to n u
-
T e R a m ah ak i
-

Wai mania -
M a o ri
T a ra —k ah i k at e a N e w Z e al an d .

M a rak i

Ta b l e 3
.

S h o w s d e s c e n t o f V ai —rarap a fa m i l i e s fro m I ra a n i m m i g ra n t
V
.

fro m P o l y n e s i a b y t h e v e s s e l k n o w n a s H o ro u t a I ra i s th e ep o .

n y m i c of t h e N gat i I ra t ri b e -
.

N ga t i —I ra t ri b e . R e re ki o k i o
-

I ra Te W ha kum u -

H i n e —ka u i ra n gi -
Ta h i a ra n g i
- -

K oka t e ran gi - -
H i n e mo t u h i a
-

P ah e k e Te Ah i a te m om o
- -

U ru t i ra N uk u t am aro ro
-

M a p u n a—a ra n gi -
K a ro t ah a
-

K ah u k u ra p a ro -
N h at u —
‘ ran gi
K ah u k u ra m ama n g u -
T e R a n g i t ak ai w ah o
-

P ak a ri k i T e M an i h e ra
T a n e k a toh i a
- -
M aan g i
U e n g a a ri k i -
M an t a
K ah u k u ra t e a ran ga - -
VV ai k aw a ( Livin g 191
Pa ka h u an ga ra u
- -
M ao ri
Po u t a t u a
-
New Zealand .

M ah e re t u —k i t e ran gi
- - -
 236 SURNAM E B OO K .

o th e r m e m b e r s o f h i s i m m e d i a t e fa m i l y w e re c on s i d e re d s u i t ab l e ,

s u c h a s h i s c ou s i n s a u n t s a n d i n s om e c a se s e v e n h i s m ot h e r
, . . ,
.

T h e d e s c e n t w a s u s u a l l y t rac e d t h ro u gh t h e fe m al e fo r t h e s i m
p l e re a so n t h a t t h e re c o u l d b e n o q u e s t i o n a s t o w h o m t h e m o th e r
was .

A ft e r c h i l d re n w e re b o rn to h i s fi r s t m a rri age a h u s b a n d o r a
.
,

w i fe m i gh t t a ke a s m a n y p a rt n e r s a s t h e y c h o s e o f an y ran k a n d
th e c h i l d re n b e got t e n of t h e s e o t h e r u n i o n s wo u l d b e c al l e d K a i
”
ka i n a a n d t h e y we re re c ogn i z e d a s t h e y ou n ge r b ro t h e rs a n d s i s t e r s
of t h e gre a t c h i e f t h e fi r s t c h i l d an d i n t i m e wo u l d b e c o m e h i s
. .

a d v i s e r s o r th e m i n i st e r s o f h i s go v e rn m e n t .

I n o rd e r t o s h o w h o w c o m p l e x re l at i o n sh i p s b e c a m e I w i l l re fe r
to F o rn an d e r V o l u m e I I p a ge 130 :
K a—
. ,

l a n i k a u l e l e i a i w i w a s t h e d a u gh t e r o f K e a —
- - - - -
k e a l an i -

wa h i n e a q u e e n of th e I sl a n d o f H a wa i i an d a wo m a n o f t h e h i gh e s t
.

ra n k S h e b e c a m e q u e e n s h a ri n g t h e t h ro n e w i t h h e r h a l f —
.
. b ro th e r
a n d h u sb an d K e a we S h e h a d fo u r h u sb an d s o f w h o m t h e re i s
. .

re c o rd e ac h o n e o f wh o m h a d s e v e ra l w i v e s w h o i n t u rn h a d s e v
. .

e ra l h u s b an d s .

M o s t o f u s w i l l a c k n o w l e d ge t h a t i t w o u l d b e q u i te a t a s k to
s e gre gat e th e s e c on d ge n e ra t i o n o f th i s h ou se h o l d a n d c l a s s i fy t h e m
a s t o th e i r re l a t i o n sh i p s w i t h o n e an o th e r .

H e r h a l f b ro t h e r K e a w e i s t h e re p u t e d h e a d o f m a n y fa m i l i e s i n
-

H a wa i i p ro u d o f t h e i r c h i e fl y d e sc e n t K e a n a t h e re p u t e d fat h e r o f .
,

t h e gre a t Ka m e h a m e h a w a s a gran d so n o f b o t h K i n g K e a w e an d
,

h i s s i s t e r Q u e e n K a l a n i k a u l e l e —i a i w i h i s fat h e r b e i n g K e l an i
.
- - - - -
.
-

k e e au mo k u th e i r so n . Th é m o t h e r o f K am e h a m e h a wa s K ek u i a
.

p o i w a I I a c h i e fe s s o f t h e h i gh e s t ra n k a n d d a u gh t e r o f H aae w h o
. .

wa s t h e so n o f Q u e e n K a— l a n i —ka u l e l e i a—i w i by a n ot h e r h u sb an d - - -

o th e r t h a n h e r b ro t h e r K e a w e t h e k i n g T h i s s e c o n d h u sb a n d w a s
. .

K au au am ah i a v e r y h i gh c h i e f f ro m t h e d i s t ri c t o f K o h al a
. .

I n s h o w i n g t h e re l at i o n sh i p s o f t h e th i r d ge n e rat i o n fro m
K e a w e i t wo u l d b e n e c e s s a r y t o m a k e a c h a rt s h o w i n g a l l t h e w i v e s
o f a l l t h e h u s b a n d s w h e n w e wo u l d fi n d s u c h a m u l t i t u d e a n d s u c h
.

c o m b i n a t i o n s th a t w e wo u l d b e fo rc e d t o st a rt a se p a rat e c h a rt fo r
e ac h i n d i v i d u a l .

T h e H aw a i i a n H i s t o ri c a l Soc i e t y a t i t s a n n u a l m e e t i n g i n J an
u a r y 1914 a u th o ri z e d s ta rt i n g a ge n e al ogi c a l d e p a rt m e n t fo r th e
. .

H a wa i i a n H i s to ri c a l S oc i e t y .

I t wo u l d s e e m a s i m p l e m at t e r to t rac e fo re i gn fa m i l i e s i n H a
wa i i s i n c e fo re i gn e r s b e gan t o a r ri v e a ft e r t h e re p o rt o n C ook s
.
’

v o y a ge w a s m a d e p u b l i c a n d i n on l y a fe w c a s e s wo u l d i t b e n e c
,

e s sa r y t o go b ac k fu rt h e r t h a n 1790 b u t s u c h we fi n d n o t t o b e t h e .

c a s e T h e e a rl y a rri v a l s 111 H aw a i i we re m e n wh o k e p t n o re c o rd s
.

an d i t w a s n o t u n t i l th e arri 1 al o f t h e m i s s io n a ri e s i n 1820 t h at a
fo re i gn w o m a n c a m e t o t h e I s l a n d s a n d p e rm an e n t re c o rd s of e v e n t s
we re k ep t
 XXVI .

T H E G E N E A L O G Y A N D F A M IL Y N A M E O R IG IN S O F TH E
C H IN E S E R A C E .

Pa p e r b y K i a n g S h ao C h u a n K an g H u o f t h e U n i v e r s i ty o f -

C al i fo rn i a t ra n s c rib e d by H e n ry B y ro n P h l l l i p s fo r t h e I n t e rn a
, ,
'

t i o n al Co n g re s s o f G e n e a l ogy w h i c h w a s h e l d a t S a n F ra n c i s c o
, ,

C a l J u l y 29 1915 :
.
, .

N o t e — In t h e sp e i n g o f t h e p r o p e r n am e s o c c u rri n g i n t h i s p ap e r t h e
ll
l V
,

et t e r s B D Q X an d Z are n ot u se d Th e ap o str o p h e i s u sjed w i th C 11

K P an d T t o i n d i c at e a h a r d e r o r mo r e str ong y asp ir at e d so u n d a s f o l l
, , . , .
,

l
, ,

ow s :

Ch is p ro n o u n c ed j i h P is r
p on o u n c ed b
p ro n o u n c e d g h r
’
is P is p on ou n c ed p
’
C 11
K is p ro n ou n c ed g T is p ro n o u n c e d d
K
’
is p ro n o u n c ed k T’
is r
p ono u n c ed t
To the Of ficers
a n d M e m b e r s o f t h e I n t e rn a t i on a l Co n g re s s o f
G e n e a l o gy .

L a d i e s a n d G e n t l e m e n : H av m g b e e n h o n o re d by a n i n v i t at i o n
f ro m y ou r c o m m i tt e e o f o rga n i z at i o n t o re p re s e n t th e a n c i e n t c o u n
t ry o f Ch i n a b y so m e re m a rk s ap p rop ri a t e t o t h i s o c c a si o n I t a k e .

p l e a s u re i n o u t l i n i n g s o m e t h i n g o f t h e m e th o d s wh e re b y fa m i l y
n a m e s h av e b e e n c re at e d a n d u s e d i n t h e e m p i re o f C h i n a b e gi n .

n ing about y e a r s b e fo re t h e Ch ri s t i a n E ra a n d th e s y s t e m .

w h e re b y t h o s e n a m e s h av e b e e n p re s e rv e d t h e s u c c e s s iv e ge n e ra .

t i on s t a b u l a t e d an d re v e re n c e f o r o u r an c e s t o r s t ra n s m i tt e d t h ro u gh
,

al l t h e s e age s ; i n s h o rt s o m e t h i n g o f t h e ge n e al o gy o f o u r p e op l e
,
.

G e n e a l og y a m o n g t h e an c i e n t C h i n e s e i s a st u d y i n t e rt w i n e d
w i t h t h e w h ol e o f t h e i r s o c i a l l i fe a n d an e l e m e n t i n t h e i r l a w o f
,

p ro p e rt y s i m i l a r to t h e c on d i t i o n s e x i st i n g i n a n c i e n t W a l e s w h e re .

e v e r y fa m i l y w a s re p re s e n te d b y i t s E l d e r ; a n d th e s e E l d e rs fro m
e v e ry fa m i l y o r c l a n w e re d e l e ga t e d t o t h e N a t i o n a l Co u n c i l .

S i n c e t h e t i m e o f t h e E m p e ro r E u — H i o r F u s h i ( B C 2852 . . .

y e a r s ) al l C h i n e s e w e re re q u i re d t o h a v e a fa m i l y o r s u rn a m e ; t h e
, .

p u rp o s e b e i n g t o d i st i n gu i s h th e fa m i l i e s a n d re gu l a t e t h e m a rri a ge
re l a t i o n T h i s e m p e ro r d e c re e d t h e re s h o u l d b e n o m a rri age s be
.

t w e e n p e rs o n s o f th e s a m e fa m i l y n a m e .

F ro m t h e t i m e o f t h e E m p e ro r Fu s h i u n t i l t h e C ho u d y n a s t y
( B C 1122 y e a r s ) t w o c l a s s e s o f fa m i l y n a m e s w e re i n u s e t h e fi r st
. .
, .

c a l l e d S h i h b e i n g a n h e re d i t a ry t i t l e gi v e n by a n d h e l d a t t h e
.

p l e a su re o f t h e e m p e ro r k i n g o r l o rd T h i s c l a s s o f n a m e w a s u s e d
, .

b y m e n o n l y Th e o t h e r c l a s s wa s c al l e d S h i n g to d e s i gn a t e t h e
. .
238 SURNAM E B OOK .

ol d c u s t o m o f gi v i n g a n a m e a t b i rt h ; th i s s e c on d c l a s s w a s u se d by
b ot h m e n an d wo m e n T h e l o we r c l a s s e s n o t d i gn i fi e d a s fa m i l i e s .

we r e c al l e d M i n g

“
.

A ft e r t h e t i m e o f t h e C h o u d y n a s t y t h e c l a s s e s S h i h a n d S h i n g
w e re a l l c al l e d S h i n g a n d t h e v e ry won d e rfu l t h i n g i s t h at w h e n , ,

w e a d d re s s a w o m a n a n d d o n o t k n o w h e r n a m e w e say S h i n g ,
”
wh at a S h i h a s a t i tl e .

T h e re a re i n e v i d e n c e n o t l e s s t h a n e i gh t e e n s o u rc e s fro m w h i c h
t he s e fam i l y n am e s a re d e ri v e d T h e y m ay b e b ri e fl y e n u m e ra t e d .

w i th exa m p l e s .

1 A d o p t i n g a dy n a s t y d e s i gn at i on a s T a n g Y u S h i a e t c
.
, , , ,
.

2 T ak i n g th e n am e o f a fe u d a l t e rri t o ry o r d i v i s i o n s u c h a s
.
,

K i an g V Vh an g Ch i n G i n e tc
, , , , .

3 U s i n g t h e n am e o f a p ol i t i c a l d i st ri c t s i m i l a r t o t h e c o u n ty
.

s u b d i v i s i o n i n a S t at e o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s s u c h a s H o n g Ch e i , , ,

Fa n L i n e t c
, ,
.

4 F rom th e n a m e o f a t o w n s u c h a s Y i n Su M o u S h an e t c
.
, , , , ,
.

5 F ro m ru ra l h a m l e t s c a l l e d S h i a n g s u c h a s P a i L u P a n g
.
, , , , ,

Yen etc . .

’
6 F ro m c ro s s ro a d s o r w ay s t a t i o n s c a l l e d T i n g s u c h a s M i
.
, .

T sai etc . .

“
h

F ro m s u b u rb s o f d i re c t i on n o rt h e a s t w e s t e t c s u c h a s , . , ,
.
,

T o n g— S h i a n g H s i M e n N an g Y e h P e i K u o e t c
,
-

,
-

, ,
.

8 A d op t i n g th e M i n g ( n a m e ) o f s o m e h i s to ri c a l p e rs on a ge
.

o f t h e e m p i re a s fo r exa m p l e E u Y u T a n g Ch i n e t c
.
, , , . .

9
’
T h e u s e o f a m a n s s o c i a l n a m e c al l e d T s u h e re i n aft e r
.
,
’
m e n t i o n e d fo r a fa m i l y n a m e s u c h a s K u n g F an g K u n g To n g ;
. . , ,
’

al l fo rm e rl y s oc i a l n am e s .

10 A cu stom cal led

. that i s adopt ing appel l ative s ap .

p l i e d to re l a t i v e s a s o l d b ro t h e r y o u n g s i s t e r e t c Ex a m p l e d b y
, , , .

M u n g i e fi r s t b ro t h e r ; C h i i e l a s t b rot h e r ; T s u 1 e g ra n d
, .
,
. .
, ,
. .
,

fa th e r ; M i i e gra n d fat h e r i n l a w . . .
,
- -
.

11 F ro m n a m e s o f t ri b e s a n d c l a n s c a l l e d T s u S u c h a s Ch i n g
.
, .
,

T so So C h a n g
. . .

12 F ro m n a m e s o f o f fi c i a l s c a l l e d K u a n i e o f fi c e r S u c h a s

“
.
. . .
, .

S h i h a h i s to ri a n ; Ch i a l i b ra ri a n ; K o u a p ol i c e m a n ; S h u a i a ge n
.
, , ,

e ra l ; S s u T u a c i v i c o f fi c i al -
. .

“
13 F ro m Ch u e h i e t i tl e s A s \V h an g ( e m pe ro r ) ; W a n g
.
, . .
, .

( k i n g ) B a ( g ra n d d u ke ) H o u ( d u k e ) .

14 Fro m o c c u p a t i o n s c a l l e d C h i
.
ex a m p l e d by W u i e a , , . .
,

m agi c i an T u i e a b u tc h e r ; T a u i e a p o t t e r ; C h i a n g i e a
,
. .
.
, . .
, , . .
,

buil der etc , .

15 N a m e s o f o bj e c t s c al l e d S h i h n a m e s A s fo r e x am p l e
.
, .
,

C h u a c a rri age ; K u a n a h a t ; P u gra s s ; E u a fl o we r

, .
, , .

16 A d op t i o n of t h e ap p e l l a t i v e s gi v e n t o ru l e rs a ft e r t h e i r
.
.

d e at h I n t h i s c o n n e c t i on i t m ay b e o b s e rv e d th a t t h e c u st o m
.
240 S U R NA M E B O O K .

t h e s e d i re c t i on s T h e y w e re fu rt h e r d i v i d e d i n to d i v i s i o n s a c c o r d
.

i n g to th e i r ra c i al c h a ra c t e ri s t i c s an d may b ro a d l y b e a s s i gn e d a s .

fo l l o w s :
F i r s t t h e o ri gi n al i n h a b i ta n t s o f th e c o u n t ry c al l e d M i ao ; th e
,

Ch i T an Tartars ; H su n g N u Hunga rian s

’
. S hen P ei Korean s . .
i
, ,

T o Ch u e h T u rk s ; H u e i H o M ah o m e t an s ; S h a To P e r s i a n s T u
’ ’

. , , ,

Fa n T h i bet e an s ; t h e C h i h C h i e h a n d C h i a n g t h a t c a n n o t b e
,
’

,
’ ’

d e fi n i t e l y a s s i gn e d T h i s gi v e s a gro u p o f n a m e s o f fo re i gn
.

d e ri v a t i o n .

A ft e r t h e S u n g d y n a sty c a m e t h e L ao a n o rt h e rn ra c e fo rm e rl y . ,

Ch i T a n ; th e C h i n o r e a rl y i n h ab i t a n t s o f M a n c h u ri a ; t h e Y u a n
'

.
,

o r M on go l i a n s ; th e H s i H s i a o r W e s t e rn e r s a l so s e v e ra l t r i b e s
, .

c al l e d T an g S h i a n g e t c a d d i n g m o re fa m i l y n a m e s o f fo re i gn
. ,
.
.

d e ri v at i on a s al l t h e rac e s an d t r i b e s fro m t i m e t o t i m e e n t e re d th e
.

t e rri to ry o f C h i n a a n d c o n q u e re d p o rt i on s o f i t a n d s e t t l e d u p o n

“
th e m se l v e s a n d t h e i r d e sc e n d an t s t h e c l a s s o f ab o v e d e sc ri b e d
name s .

A fte r t h e M i n g dy n a st y c am e t h e M an c h u o r Ch i n g d y n a st y
'

“
”
(A D . . T h e s e M a n c h u t ri b e s w e re d i v i d e d i n t o e i gh t Fl ag s
o r s e c t i o n s e a c h s e c t i o n o r Fl a g h av i n g n a m e s i d e n t i c a l w i t h s u r
,

”
n a m e s o f m e n t h e s e Fl ag s u rn a m e s b e i n g c al l e d C h i S h i n g o r
,
’

Fl ag S u rn a m e s ( h e n t h e s e n a m e s w e re t ra n s l a t e d to C h i n e se
.

c h a rac t e r s t h e y w e re v e r y l on g a n d a l l t h e c h a ra c t e r s we re fi n a l l y
, .
.

d ro p p e d b u t t h e fi r st o n l y a n d t h i s fi r s t c h a ra c te r o r gi v e n n a m e
, , ,

i s n ow u se d f o r t h e i r fa m i l y n a m e T h i s e xp l a i n s w h y t h e c o m m on .

p eop l e w h o d o n o t k n o w t h i s say fa th e r an d so n h a v e d i f f e re n t

fam i l y n a m e s wh i c h i s u se d by t h e m i n i gn o ra n c e o f t h e t ru e re a s on
, .

S o m e o f th e m o re c e l e b ra t e d fo re i gn e r s wh o too k fam i l y n a m e s
i n t h e e m p i re o f C h i n a m ay b e m e n t i on e d .

M a rc o Po l o w h o t oo k t h e n a m e o f M a a n d d u ri n g t h e M i n g
, ,

D y n a s t y ( b egi n n i n g A D a n d l a te r t h e s e fo re i gn e r s al l
. .
, ,

f ro m th e \ Ve s t a n d o f A r y a n d e s c e n t ; M a t t e o R i c c i c a l l e d L i M a .

T o u too k t h e fa m i l y n a m e Li ; J a c ob u s P an toj a c a l l e d Pan g T i Y170

, , ,

t ook t h e fa m i l y n a m e Pa n g ; S e b a s t i a n d e V ri e s c a l l e d H su n g S a n .

P a took t h e fa m i l y n a m e H su n g ; N i c o l a u s Lo m b a rd i c al l e d L u n g
, .

W h a M i n to ok t h e fa m i l y n a m e L u n g ; J oh n A d am Sc h aa l c a l l e d
, .

T an g J u o W a n g too k t h e fa m i l y n a m e T an g ; Fe rd i n a n d V e rl i e s t
. .

c al l e d N an H u a i J e n t ook th e fa m i l y n a m e N an ; J u l e s A l o u i c al l e d
, ,

S i J u L u e took t h e fa m i l y n a m e S i i n al l c a s e s d rop p i n g a l l b u t on e
, .

c h a ra c t e r .

T h u s i t w i l l b e ob se rv e d th a t by re a so n o f t h e s e c o n t ra c t e d .

fo rm s m an y fo re i gn n am e s t h a t h av e b e e n i n t ro d u c e d i n to t h e Ch i
n e s e fa m i l y s y s t e m h av e b e c o m e ob sc u re d an d th e i r o ri gi n l o s t to
s i gh t .

T h e re h av e b e e n m a n y c h a n ge s o f t h e fa m i l y n a m e d u ri n g t h e
c e n t u ri e s c ov e ri n g a p e ri o d of n e a rl y 5000 v e ars s i n c e t h e sy st e m
 FA M I L Y N A M E O RI GI NS O F T H E C H I N E S E RA C E . 241

w a s fi r s t i n a u gu rat e d f o r v a ri o u s re a so n s I m ay s p e c i fy a d o z e n
, .

o r m o re o f t h e m o re i m p o rt a n t o f t h e m w i t h i l l u s t ra t i o n s , .

T h e fi r s t a n d m o s t i m p o rt an t i s t h a t o f I m p e ri a l E d i c t fo r c a u s e ,

e i th e r fo r m e r i t o r d e m e ri t a s we l l a s h o n o ra ry n a m e s b e s t o w e d
,

u p o n d i s t i n gu i s h e d fo re i gn e r s a s a m a rk o f re sp e c t o r h o n o r T h e .

n a m e o f m e ri t b e s t o w e d u p o n s t a t e s m e n o r c o u n c i l o r s b e i n g t h e
n a m e o f t h e ru l e r w h o ga v e i t a s i n t h e H a n D y n a st y t h e ru l e r
, , ,

L i u ga v e h i s n a m e fo r a fa m i l y n a m e ; i n t h e T a n g D y n a s ty t h e
, ,

ru l e r L i ga v e h i s n a m e t o a fa m i l y a s a re wa r d o f m e ri t a n d i n t h e
, , ,

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, , I n t h e c a s e of d i s
, .

t i n g u i sh e d fo re i gn e r s t h e ru l e r b e s to w e d a c o m p o u n d n a m e ; t h a t
.

o f h i m s e l f c ou p l e d w i t h t h e i r o w n n a m e a s i n t e rp re t e d i n C h i n e s e .

“
T h e n a m e o f d e m e ri t w a s u s e d i n c h a n gi n g t h e n a m e s o f c r i m

“
i n al s a n d ru l e r s o f c o n q u e re d k i n gd o m s o r c o u n t ri e s ; a s i n t h e H a n

“ “
D y n a s t y” b y I m p e ri a l D e c re e t h e n a m e Y i n g w a s c h an ge d to
,
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,

C h i n g t h e l a t t e r m e a n i n g a b ra n d e d c ri m i n al T h e n a m e o f a
, .

c o n q u e re d ru l e r S u n w a s t h u s c h a n ge d t o L i m e a n i n g a b a d
”
, , ,

devi l .

A s e c o n d re a s o n fo r c h a n ge i s th a t n o o n e i s a l l o we d t o sp e a k
o r w ri t e t h e g i v e n n a m e o f t h e ru l e r fo r t h e t i m e b e i n g ; s h o u l d a

fa m i l y b e a r t h e s a m e n a m e a s t h e gi v e n n a m e o f h i m w h o h a s be
co m e t h e ru l e r o v e r t h e m t h e n t h e fa m i l y n a m e m u s t b e c h an ge d
,
.

A s f o r ex a m p l e C h i c h a n ge d t o S h i h av i n g n e a rl y t h e s a m e so u n d
, , .

C h u an g c h a n g e d t o Y e n s a m e m e a n i n g b u t d i f f e re n t c h a ra c t e r
, .

S h i h c h an ge d t o S h a i c h a ra c t e r s v e ry a l i k e b u t m e a n i n g d i f f e r
,

t h i r d re a s o n f o r c h a n ge i s s t at e d t o b e t o e s c ap e fro m a n
A
e n e m y ; j u s t w h a t t h i s o s t ri c h l i k e p ro c e e d i n g o f c ov e ri n g t h e h e a d
-

a n d l e av i n g t h e b o d y exp o s e d w a s t o a c c o m p l i s h d o e s n o t n o w ap

“
p e a r b u t i t w a s a t t e m p t e d s o m e t h i n g i n t h e fo l l o w i n g m a n n e r a s
, ,
,

T u a n M u c h a n ge d t o M u b y d rop p i n g t h e fi r s t c h a ra c t e r W u
-
,
”
c h an ge d t o W u t h e s e c o n d w u rep re s e n t e d b y a d i ff e re n t c h a r
,

a c t e r N i u c h a n ge d t o L ao b o t h c h a ra c t e r s h av i n g t h e s a m e m e a n
.
,

mg .

A fo u rt h re a so n w a s t o s i m p l i fy t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e c h a r

“ ““
a c t e r o r a s E u rp o e an s w o u l d s ay t o s i m p l i fy t h e sp e l l i n g o f t h e
, ,

wo r d a s \ Va u t o a s e c o n d fo rm o f VV au o f s i m pl e r s t ro k e s a n d t h e
, ,
” ”
s a m e o f t h e c h a ra c t e r s S h i n Sui C h a n g e t c t h i s fe at u re
, , , .
,

b e i n g h a rd t o t ra n s l a t e b u t m ay b e p a ra l l e l e d i n t h e E n gl i s h to n gu e
,

b y re d u c i n g t h e wo rd Roxb o ro u gh t o R oxb o ro a n d t h e l i ke .

A n o t h e r re a s o n w a s t o s i m p l i fy t h e wo r d b y c h an gi n g L u P u -

t o L u o r fro m t w o c h a ra c t e r s t o o n e c h a ra c t e r ; C h u n g L i t o C h u n g
,
-

b y d rop p i n g t h e s e c o n d c h a ra c t e r a n d S s u K o w t o K o w b y d ro p
‘
-

p i n g t h e fi r s t c h a ra c t e r .

A ga i n a c h a n ge i s m a d e b y a d d i n g a n a d d i t i on a l c h a rac t e r o r
242 SURNA M E B O O K .

c h a rac t e r s fo r t h e p u rp o s e o f s h o w i n g l i n e s o f d e s c e n t a s fo r e x .

ample :
Ch i c h a n ge d to Ch i S u n t h e l a t t e r m e a n i n g t h e gra n d s o n o f
-

Ch i K o c h a n ge d t o Ch u K o a d e s i gn at i o n t a k e n by a l l so n s o f K o
.
-
. .

ex c e p t t h e fi r s t so n o n l y w h o c a rri e s t h e o ri gi n a l fa m i l y n a m e o f
.

Ko .

Othe r re a s on s o f c h a n ge a re e rro r s o r m i st ak e s i n t h e fo rm o f
c h a ra c t e r s o r so u n d s ; c o n c re t e ex a m p l e s o f t h e s e c h a n ge s m ay
h a rd l y b e t ra n s l a t e d .

Ce rt a i n c h a n ge s h a v e b e e n m a d e by fo re i gn e r s i n t h e Ch i n e se
eq u i v a l e n t s o f t h e i r o wn n a t i v e n a m e s a s h a s b e e n a l l u d e d t o a b ov e . .

s o m e fu rt h e r e xa m p l e s m ay h e re b e re c o rd e d a s .
:

Tapa H o K u to Yuan ; Sh i Yun Yu Lien to Yun ; Tu Ku H un

.
-
. .

t o P u ; Po T o L o t o P a n ; S h i L o u t o K a o th e fi r s t ( S h i L o u ) m e a n .

i n g i n C h i n e s e c h a ra c t e r s t h i s i s a st o rv o f a b u i l d i n g t h e s e c on d
. ,

( K ao ) m e a n i n g h i gh .

Y e t a n o t h e r c h a n ge i s b ro u gh t a b o u t w h e n a c h i l d i s a d o p t e d
”
fro m a n ot h e r f am 1l v o r c l a n : t h e c h i l d a s s u m e s t h e fa m i l y n a m e
'

o f t h e p e r son a d o p t i n g h i m T h i s ru l e i s m o d i fi e d i n t h e c a s e w h e re
.

s on s o f s i s t e r s d a u gh t e r s o r fe m a l e re l at i v e s a re ad O p t e d : t h e n t h e
.

s o n s fa m i l y n a m e b e c o m e s a c o m p o u n d o n e c o m b i n i n g h i s o w n
’
,

fa m i l y n a m e w i t h t h a t o f t h e p e rs o n w h o a d o p t e d h i m a s fo r ex a m .

l
p e : C h a n g L o wh e n a so n o f t h e L o fa m i l y w e n t t o th e C h a n g
-
.

fa m i l y a n d H s u T e n g w h e n a s o n o f t h e T e n gy f ami l v w e n t t o t h e
,
-
. .

H s u f ami l v .

“
A n ot h e r re a so n fo r a c h a n ge i s d i s s a t i s fa c t i o n w i t h th e fa m i l y
°

n a m e by re a so n o f i t s 111 e a n i n g o r oth e rwi s e a s fo r e xa m p l e : A i

. . .

”
c h a n ge d t o C h u n g : A i m e a n i n g m e l an c h ol y wh i l e Ch u n g m e an s .

h e a rt th e c h a ra c t e r s b e i n g v e r y m u c h a l i k e
. .

N a m e s h a v e b e e n c h an ge d f o r p u rp o s e s o f d e c e p t i o n a n o t a b l e ,

i n st an c e o f t h i s w h e n o n e L i u Ch i h Y u a n t o o k t h e n a m e o f a ru l e r ,

L i u a n d o n e S h i h C h i n g T a n g t o ok t h e n a m e o f a ru l e r S h i h f o r
. . .

t h e p u r p o s e o f re b e l l i o n a n d a n e n d e a vo r t o c o n q u e r t h e c o u n t ry ;
i n t h i s t h e y s u c c e e d e d a n d d i v i d e d t h e c o u n t ry b e t w e e n t h e m se l v e s .

I t may b e re m a rk e d t h a t m o ra l d e l i n q u e n c y d o e s n o t p e rm a n e n t l y
p ro sp e r a n d t h e i r c o n q u e st w a s n ot a l a st i n g o n e

“
.
,

T h e re we re a l so c e rt a i n c o m p o u n d fa m i l y n a m e s o ri gi n a t e d
d u ri n g t h e H a n D y n a s t y ( b e gi n n i n g B C at that tim e the . .

e m p i re w a s d i v i d e d i n t o n i n e t y d i s t ri c t s o r C h u n an d i n m a n y .

”
c a se s t h e n a m e o f t h e C h u n o r d i s t ri c t w a s a d d e d t o t h e fa m i l y
. .

n a m e o f t h e p ri n c i p a l fa m i l i e s re s i d i n g t h e re i n .

“
T h e t re a t i s e s o n G e n e a l og y a n d Fa m i l y H i s t o ry o f t h e C h i n e s e
a re v e r y m a n y and i m p o rt a n t wo rk s : t h e m o re i m p o rt a n t a re n ot .

”
h ow e v e r o f t h e p op u l a r k i n d b e i n g k n o w n on l y t o s p e c i al i s t s o r
. .

t h e h i gh e r a n d m o re a d v an c e d i n l i t e ra t u re So m e o f t h e m o re n o .

t ab l e a re :
244 S U R NA M E B O O K .

T h i s i s m a i n t a i n e d b y a i d o f fu n d s a s s e s s e d a n d c o l l e c t e d f ro m al l
m e m b e r s o f t h e fa m i l y o r c l an T h e b o a r d e l e c t s o n e o f t h e i r n u m
.

b e r a s c h a i rm a n w h o m u s t h av e t h re e p a rt i c u l a r q u al i fi c a t i o n s ; h e
,

m u s t b e o f o l d a ge 11 e m u s t b e o f t h e o l d e s t l iv i n g ge n e ra t i o n an d
, ,

11 e m u s t b e o f go o d c h a ra c t e r Th i s o f fi c e at t h e h e a d o f t h e fa m
.

i l y o r c l a n i s o f l i fe t e n u re A n o t h e r m e m b e r s e a t e d 111 t h e b o a r d
.

b y v i rt u e o f b i rt h i s th e ol d e s t s o n o f d i re c t d e s c e n t o f th e fa m i l y o r
c l an.

W h e n t h e t i m e a r ri v e s t o e d i t an d b ri n g t h i s Fa m i l y T ab l e
”
B oo k o r ge n e al o gy d ow n t o d a t e t h e c h a i rm a n g i v e s n o t i c e t o al l
, , .

m e m b e r s o f th e fam i l y o r c l a n an d t o a l l s u b o r i n fe ri o r a s so c i a
. .

t i o n s w i th i n t h e c l a n o f t h e t i m e a n d p l ac e o f s u c h c on t e m pl a t e d
,

acti on ; eve ry branch o r sub as soc i atio n mu st sen d rep r e sentative s

-

t o a s s i s t i n t h e wo rk .

I f a gro u p o r b ran c h h a v e re m o v e d t o a n o t h e r p a rt o f t h e k i n g
d o m th e y c a n d e m a n d t o b e al l o we d t o w i t h d raw fro m t h e ge n
,

e ra l a s so c i at i on an d a re p e rm i tt e d t o fo rm a n e w a s so c i at i o n o f
.

t h e i r o w n o r t h e y m ay j o i n a n ot h e r o rga n i z a t i o n al re a d y i n ex i s t
,

e n c e i n t h e i r n e i gh b o rh o od p ro v i d e d th e y b e o f t h e s a m e fam i l y
,

name .

O th e r fu n c t i o n s o f th e T s u T a n g th a n t h at o f p re s e rv i n g th e .

h i s to ry a n d ge n e al og y o f t h e fam i l y a re : t h re e t i m e s e a c h y e a r t o
wo r sh i p an d d o re v e re n c e ( a L o d ge o f S o rro w ) t o t h e i r a n c e s t o r s ,

w i th i n t h e h a l l o r p l a c e o f m e e t i n g T o j u d ge an d s e t t l e d i sp u t e s .

a ri s i n g i n t h e fa m i l y a n d b e t w e e n i t s m e m b e r s w h i c h t h e b o a rd ,

m u s t p a s s u p on b e fo re go i n g t o t h e m agi st ra t e o r p u b l i c c o u rt o f
j u s t i ce To h a v e c h a rge o f m a rri a g e a n d fu n e ral c e re m o n i e s o f i t s
.

members T o e s t ab l i s h s c h ol a r sh i p s a n d b e s t o w p ri z e s fo r su
.

p e ri o r s c h ol a rs h i p o n t h e i r y o u n g m e n To a i d an d a s s i s t th e o r .

p h a n s t h e p oo r a n d d i s t re s s e d I n e s s e n t i al s t h i s m ay b e c o n s i d e re d
, .

“
a n i d e al c o m m u n i s t i c s oc i e t y T h e re h av e a ri s e n i n th e U n i te d

“
.

“
S t at e s a n d i n p a rt i c u l a r i n Cal i fo rn i a c e rt a i n o rgan i z a t i o n s ( cop y
, ,
”
i n g th e i r fo rm s f ro m t h e s e b e n e fi c i a r y s o c i e t i e s ) c a l l e d To n g s o r

“
,
” ”
Fi gh t i n g M e n S o c i e t i e s T h e s e To n g s a re l a rge l y c o m p o s e d
.

of Ca n t on e s e an d m e n o f S o u th e rn Ch i n a a n d m u s t n o t b e c o n ,

“
”
fo u n d e d w i t h t h e T s u Ta n g o r fa m i l y a s so c i a t i o n s .

M ark s S i g n at u r e s an d R ub r i c s
,
I n t h e a n c i e n t t i me s e ac h .
~

“
C h i n e s e fa m i l y h a d a s p e c i a l m a rk o r ru b ri c : d u ri n g t h e T an g
D y n a st y t h i s c u s to m w a s m u c h i n e v i d e n c e t h e re b e i n g b u t fe w

“
,

w h o w e re ob l i ge d to u s e a n X T h i s c u s to m s t i l l p re v a i l s a m o n g
.

”
th e J ap a n e s e a n d i s t h e re c a l l e d W e n wh i c h i s th e e q u i v a l e n t t o

“
,

a Co a t o f A rm s o r rub ri c S i n c e t h e Y u a n D y n a s t y t h e C h i n e s e
, . .

p eop l e p re fe r t o s i gn t h e i r o w n n a m e s b u t i n p e c u l i a r fo rm s ea c h , ,

”
fa m i l y i n a d i f f e re n t wa y ; t h i s p ra c t i c e i s c al l e d Y u a n Ya m e a n .

i n g Y u a n D y n a s t y s i gn .

A t fi r st e a c h p ap e r o r d o c u m e n t re q u i ri n g a s i gn at u re wa s
 FA M I L Y N A M E O RI GI NS O F TH E C H I N E S E RA C E . 245

s i gn e d by h a n d m a n u a l b u t a ft e rwa rd t h e u s e o f e n g ra ve d c op p e r
.

s e a l s b e c a m e c o m m o n A t t h e p re s e n t t i m e l i t e ra r y p e op l e c o n
.

t i n u e t o u s e t h e s e a l s b u t t h e c o m m o n p e op l e d o n ot u s e t h e m

“
, .

E v e r y C h i n e s e ri gh t fu l l y h a s t h re e n a m e s : T h e fi r s t c a l l e d ,
”
S h i n g i s t h e fa m i l y o r c l a n n a m e
.
, T h e s e c on d c a l l e d Pa i
.
.

”
M i n g i s t h e G e n e ra t i o n n a m e an d th e t h i rd c al l e d S h i h M i n g
, .
— ”
, ,

i s t h e gi v e n n a m e T h e u s e o f t h e fi r s t a n d t h i rd a re ob v i o u s b u t
.

t h e u s e o f t h e s e c o n d o r ge n e ra t i o n n a m e i s p e c u l i a r t o t h e C h i n e s e
s y s t e m a d op t e d ab o u t t h e t i m e o f t h e b e gi n n i n g o f t h e H a n D y n a s t y
( 20 1 B . T h e P a i M i n g o r ge n e ra t i o n n a m e i s u s e d t o i nd i c a te
-

t h e n u m b e r of t h e ge n e ra t i o n s f ro m t h e b e gi n n i n g o f t h e p e d i gre e ,

a s gi v e n i n t h e re c o r d s o f t h e fa m i l y a s s o c i at i o n t o t h e p e r so n h av ,

i n g t h e c e rt a i n n a m e w h i c h i s d e t e rm i n e d b e fo re h a n d i n t h e m a n n e r
.

fo l l o w i n g .

E ac h b ra n c h o r s u b fa m i l y o f t h e ge n e ra l fa m i l y a s so c i at i o n
-

h e l d a c on v e n t i o n p re v i o u s t o e n t e r i n g t h e ge n e ral a s s o c i a t i o n an d
c o m p o s e d a n d a d op t e d a p e c u l i a r fo rm o f p o e m o r q u at ra i n c o n , ,

s i s t i n g o f e i th er t w e n t y o r th i rt y c h a rac t e r s s o m e th i n g e a s y t o re .

m e m b e r T h i s p o e m i s c o n s t ru c t e d w i t h m u c h s k i l l ; i t m u s t b e
.

c o m p o s e d o n l y o f s i n gl e o r s i mp l e c h a ra c te r s ; t h e me a n i n g e x
, ,

p re s s e d i n c h o i c e p h ra s e ; t h e so u n d s t o h a rm o n i z e al l m u s t b e b a l .

an c e d i n c l a s s a n d d i f f e re n t i n t o n e s an d th e tenth an d twen tieth

.

a n d t h i rt i e t h m u s t rh y m e a s t h e s ta n z a i s o f t wo fo u r o r s i x l i n e s . .

A t t h e b egi n n i n g o f a n e w c y c l e w h e n t h e p o e r :r fo r a fa m i l y ge n
,

e rat i o n gu i d e n a m e i s t o b e a d op t e d it i s th en a subj ect of comp e

,

t i t i o n a n d gra v e d e l i b e rat i o n w h i c h i n s u re s a p ro d u c t i o n o f gre at

,

l i t e ra r y e xc e l l e n c e a c c o rd i n g t o t h e gov e rn i n g r u l e s
. .

T h e a p p l i c a t io n i s t h a t t h e fi r s t ge n e ra t io n sh al l a l l b e a r f o r a
—
m i d d l e o r P a i M i n g n a m e th e fi r s t c h a ra c t e r o r wo rd o f t h i s ge n
”

c ra t i o n p o e m a l l o f t h e s e c o n d ge n e rat i o n s h al l h av e fo r a m i d d l e
.

n am e ( a v e r y f e w e xc e p t i o n s w i l l b e p o i n t e d o u t l at e r ) t h e s e c on d
c h a ra c t e r o r wo rd o f t h i s ge n e ra t i o n p o e m an d s o o n ,
.

T h i s s y st em m a k e s t h e i d e n t i fi ca t i o n o f th e p e rs o n by h i s
n a m e s a s i m p l e m a t t e r T h e fi r s t o r S h i n g ( fa m i l y n a m e ) t e l l s t o
. .

wh at fa m i l y o r Cl a n t h e p e r s o n b e l o n g s T h e s e c o n d o r P a i M i n g .
-

( ge n e ra t i o n n a m e ) i n d i c a t e s t h e n u m b e r o f g e n e ra t i o n s i n d e s c e n t
.

f ro m t h e o ri gi n a l s t e m a n d a t o n c e d e c l a re s t h a t al l t h o s e w h o b e a r
,

“ “
i t a re c o u s i n s e v e n t h o u gh m a n y d e g re e s re m o v e d : h e n c e i t i s t h at
.

th e exp re s s i o n s s o c o m m o n l y h e a rd fro m E n gl i s h s p e a k i n g Ch i n e s e -
.

”
h e my c o u s i n h e my u n c l e a re exp l a i n e d : b e c a u s e wh i l e t h e v
.

m ay b e e n t i re st ra n ge r s v e t t h e n a m e a t on c e p ro c l a i m s t h e re l a
.

t i o nsh i p .

A s a n e xa m p l e o f t h i s s y s t e m I t ru s t I may b e p a rd o n e d fo r
p r e s e n t i n g t h e p o e m f o r m y o wn fa m i l y n a m e t h at o f t h e fa m i l y .

Ki ang :
246 SURNA M E B OO K .

Y u a n T i n Ch i n I Y o u
’

Ch i h J i h C h i F u n g C h e n g
’ ’

,
’
H u n g T u S h ao S h i h T s e ,

P i S h i e n C h e n g Ch i a S h e n g
’
.

T h e s e t w e n ty c h a rac t e r s o r wo rd s p rov i d e t h e m i d d l e o r P a i
°

M i n g n a m e s f o r t we n t y ge n e rat i o n s T h e t ra n s l a t i o n i s n o t e a s y ;
.

t h e fo l l o w i n g i s a n a t t e m p t wh i c h i s ra th e r a p a rap h ra s e i n a n e n
, .

d e av o r t o p re s e rv e t h e m e an i n g :

T h e n o b l e m e n n o w i n fut u re c o m i n g .

W i l l ge n e rat i o n a ft e r ge n e ra t i o n i m p rov e :

P e rp et u at i n g t h e v i rt u e s o f t h e i r a n c e s to r s
'

,
”
Ad d i n g l u st re t o t h e fa m i l y n a m e .

A l i t e ral t ran sl at i o n o f th e c h a ra c t e r s i s a l so a d d e d i n o rd e r
”
t h a t h e wh o ru n s may re a d a n d m ay p e rc h a n c e v e r y m u c h i 1i 1
p ro v e m y a t t e m p t :

Y u an —m e an i n g c h i e f h i gh c l a s s m a n h e a d m an
~

—
.
,

T m e an i n g s t a t e s m an
’
i n .

C h i n — m e an i n g f ro m n o w h e re a ft e r , ,

I —m e an i n g o n e a t o n c e . ,

Y o u —m e a n i n g t o h av e t o c o m e to p ro d u c e . . .

Ch i h — m e a n i n g t h e w h e n
J i h —m e a n i n g d a i l y p e ri o d i c al l v b y ge n e ra t i on
.
,

, .
.

Ch i — m e a n i n g t o o p e n to go fo rwa rd t o e x p a n d
’
, , ,

F u n g— m e an i n g t o m e e t t o ob ta i n . .

C h e n g— m e a n i n g s u c c e s s fu l s u c c e s s
’
. .

H u n g— m e a n i n g goo d gre a t l a rge , . .

T u — m e an i n g a c t i o n s d e e d s v i rt u e s
’
. .

S h ao — m e an i n g s u c c e e d ac q u i re p e rp e t u a t e
. .

S h i h —m e an i n g t h o s e gon e b e fo re ( ge n e ra t i on s )
.

T s e — m ea n i n g p ro sp e ri t y
.

P i — m e a n i n g e n l a rge a d d to
’
.
,

S h i e n —m e a n i n g i l l u m i n a t e b ri gh t e n b ri gh t e r .
.

Ch e n g— m e an i n g t o d i ff u s e s c a t t e r s e p a ra te , .
,

Ch i a — m e a n i n g f a m i l y c l a n t r i b e . . .

S h e n g— m e an i n g goo d n a m e b e tt e r q u al i t y . .

T h e ab ov e i s t h e p re s e n t o r c u rre n t P a i M i n g p oe m o f t h e -

K i a n g fa m i l y o f th i s c u rre n t c y c l e I a m t h e t h i rt e e n t h g e n e rat i o n
:

a n d t h e re fo re h av e a s a m i d d l e n a m e t h e ap p e l l a t i o n S h a o T h i s . .
248 SU RNA M E B OO K

“
.

“
i t u re o r h e re d i t a r y d e sc e n t i s o n e ; i t i s c al l e d T a T s u ng m e an i n g -
.

h e re d i t a ry l i n e T h e fi r s t s o n by t h e fi r s t w i fe i s c al l e d P o T s u ; -

“ “
.

i f t h e fi r s t so n i s o f t h e s e c o n d o r o t h e r w i fe h e i s c al l e d M u n g ,
”
T s u al l o th e r son s by th e fi r s t w i fe a re c al l e d Y u T s u th e o t h e r -
.

”
s o n s o f o th e r w i v e s a re c al l e d S h u T s u T h e Fa m i l y T ab l e
-
.

”
B ook i s a l wa ys p a rt i c u l a r t o s e t o u t th e s e re l at i on s h i p s an d t h e
e x a c t l i n e s o f d e s c e n t i n o rd e r t h a t t h e re m ay b e n o q u e s t i o n a s t o
,

t l z: h e re d i t a ry l i n e o f d e s c e n t w h i c h i n v o l v e s h e re d i t a ry t i t l e s
.
.

T h e e m p e ro r s o f t h e d i f f e re n t d y n a s t i e s h av e fo r th e m o s t ,

p a rt ob s e rv e d t h e ru l e o f p ri m oge n i t u re b u t i n a f e w c a s e s t h e
, , ,

s el e c t i o n by t h e e m p e ro r fa t h e r h a s b e e n o th e r th a n h i s o l d e s t so n
f o r h i s s u c c e s so r t o th e t h ro n e T h i s l att e r h a s b e e n t h e p ra ct i c e o f
.

th e e m p e ro r s o f t h e Ch i n g o r M a n c h u D y n a s t y T h e d e s c e n t o f
,
.

t i t l e s i n t h o s e fa m i l i e s t h a t h av e h e re d i t a ry t i tl e s i s o b se rv e d i n a

“
l i k e m an n e r .

T h e fe u d al s y s t e m o f l an d h o l d i n g i s s t i l l ob s e rv e d a m o n g
”
t h e M o n go l fa m i l i e s a n d t h e M i a o o r o ri gi n a l i n h ab i ta n t s T h e s e .

l at t e r a re n o w on l y fo u n d a s a t ri b al u n i t i n t h e w e st e rn f ro n t i e r s

“
o f t h e e m p i re .

W i t h th e L a m a s i n T h i b e t w h o h av e n o w i v e s o r so n s th e ,

d e s c e n t o f t h e t i tl e i s a rran ge d by t h e p ri v a t e s e l e c t i o n o f a s u c
c e s so r ; a ft e r t h e s u c c e s s i o n i s s e t t l e d i t i s t h e n p ub l i c l y an

“
no u n c e d t h a t th e sp i ri t o f th e d e a d L a m a h a s e n t e re d t h e b o d y of

t h e n e wl y s e l e c t e d p e r s on a n d h e h e n c e fo rt h i s t o b e c o n s i d e re d t h e
,
”
t ru e l i v i n g B u d d h a .

T h e fam i l y o f K u n g E u T s u ( Co n fu c i u s ) h a v e a s p e c i a l t i t l e
- -

c a l l e d Y e n S h e n g K u n g e q u al t o t h e t i tl e o f D u k e w h i c h w a s
. ,

c re a t e d d u ri n g t h e H a n D y n a s t y ( 201 B a n d w h i c h i s c on t i n
.

u e d t o t h e p re s e n t d ay T h e l oc a l re s i d e n c e o f t h e p re s e n t h o l d e r o f
.

t h i s t i t l e p rob ab l y t h e m o s t h i gh l y h on o re d i n th e k i n g d o m i s i n
, ,

t h e S h an g T u n g p rov i n c e A n e n u m e rat i o n o f t h e Co n fu c i u s fa m i l y
.

wa s m a d e i n t h e 18t h c e n t u r y a n d at t h at t i m e s o m e t h i n g l i k e
p e rs on s w e re fo u n d l i v i n g w h o c o u l d p ro v e d e s c e n t fro m t h e
s age an d p h i l o sop h e r .

A n oth e r sp e c i a l h e re d i t a r y t i t l e i s t h e o n e gi ve n t o a m a n n a m e d
”
C h an g T ao L i n g w h o el e v a t e d T ao i s m fro m a p h i l o sop h y t o a

“ “
,

re l i g i o n d u ri n g th e H a n D y n a sty I n t h e t i m e o f th e T an g D y n a st y
.

( 6 27 A . h i s d e s c e n d an t s w e re gi v e n a h e re d i ta ry fa m i l y t i tl e
” ”
c al l e d T i e n S h i h m e an i n g H e a v en l y T e a c h e r
, .

T h e s e t w o fa m i l i e s a re t h e m o s t n ot e d i n a l l Ch i n a : t h e s e fa m i l y
t i tl e s h av e b e e n c o n t i n u e d t h ro u gh al l t h e d y n a s t i e s a n d th rou gh .

t h e l i n e o f th e e l d e s t son t o t h e p re s e n t t i m e
, .

T h e C h i n e s e p h i l o sop h e r M e n c i u s s a i d T h e m o s t u n d u t i fu l
, ,
”
c o n d i t i o n i s t o h av e n o so n T h a t i s w h y i t i s c o n s i d e re d o f t h e
.

fi r st i m p o rta n c e t o h av e a so n fo r a s u c c e s so r f o r t h e d u a l p u rp o s e
of p e r p e t u at i n g t h e fa m
.

i l y an d d o i n g re v e r en c e t o a n c est or s .
 “
FA M I L Y N A M E O RIGI NS O F T H E C H I N E S E RA C E . 249

I n t h i s v i e w o f c o n d i t i o n s wh i c h t o t h e C h i n e s e i s v i rt u al l y a
.

t e n e t o f t h e i r re l i gi on t h e l a w s a l l o w e v e n t o t h e p re s e n t t i m e a
. , ,
T
p l u ra l i ty o f w i v e s . h e n a m a n h a s n o s o n b y h i s fi r s t w i fe h e i s ,

p e rm i t t e d t o t ak e a s e c o n d o r m o re i f n e c es s a ry i n o rd e r t h a t a so n
. . ,

m ay n o t b e d e n i e d h i m S o m e m e n ge t t i n g ol d o r p e rh ap s n o t d e
.
.

s i ri n g a s e c o n d w i fe o r w h o a re t o o p oo r to s u p p o rt a n ot h e r a n d be
,

i n g w i t h o u t a so n p ro c e e d t o s e l e c t fro m t h e s a m e ge n e ra t i o n a n d
, ,

i n t h e s a m e fa m i l y a n d a s n e a r t o h i s o w n l i n e a s may b e a s e c o n d
, ,

o r l a t e r so n o f a n o t h e r m a n a dop t h i m a s h i s h e i r a n d s u c c e s s o r t h e
, ,

s e l e c t i o n a n d a d o p t i o n b e i n g d u l y re gi st e re d i n t h e Fa m i l y T ab l e
”
B ook o r re c o rd o f t h e fa m i l y o r c l a n A fi r s t s o n m u s t n e v e r b e .

c h o s e n a s t h a t w o u l d re p ri v e a n ot h e r b ra n c h o f t h e fa m i l y o f i t s

“
,

p rop e r l i n e o f d e s c e n t T h e s e l e c t e d a n d a dop t e d so n t h e n c a l l s h i s
.

”
o w n p a re n t s P u n S h u n g F u M e o r b i rt h p a re n t an d h i s a dop t e d . .

”
p a re n t s C h i F u M u o r a d op t e d p a re n t s
. .

I t i s al l o w ab l e i f 11 0 i s s u e o f a m al e b e av a i l ab l e t o a d op t t h e
'
,

s o n o f a si st e r t h e h u sb a n d o f a d a u gh t e r o r o th e r n e a r fe m a l e
.

re l at i v e I n t h i s c a s e t h e p e r so n a d op t e d c h an ge s h i s fa m i l y n am e ;
.

i f a h u sb a n d o f a d a u gh t e r h e t a k e s t h e fa m i l y n a m e o f h i s w i fe
, ,

w h i c h i s a p ro c e e d i n g m a n y t i m e s d o n e i n E n gl i s h d e s c e n t o f t i tl e
a n d p rop e rt y a s I l e a rn fro m t h e i r p e d i g re e c h a rt s A m o n g t h e
, .

w e a l th y fa m i l i e s o f t h e Ca n to n e s e t h e c u s t o m p re v a i l s e v e n t o th e
.

ex t e n t o f
'

a d op t i n g s o n s o f ot h e r fa m i l i e s i n o r de r t o h a v e m an y ,
'

s o n s t o s h a re t h e i r w e a l t h b y i n h e ri t a n c e

“
.

W h e n a m a n o r w o m a n j o i n s t h e B u d d h i s t o r d e r t h e y d rop .

‘
t h e i r n a m e s a n d t a ke a n e w n a m e gi v e n t h e m by t h e i r t e ac h e r s .

c al l e d S u n g o r S h i h m e a n i n g a s o n o r d a u gh t e r o f B u d d h a a n d
” ”
, ,

b e c o m e m e m b e r s o f t h e B u d d h a fa m i l y o r c l an u s i n g t h e ge n e ra t i o n ,

n a m e o f t h e B u d d h a s y s t e m o f ge n e a l ogy o r h e ra l d r y b u t i n t h e ,

ge n e rat i o n b o o k o f t h e sy s t e m t h e e n t ri e s m u s t b e u n d e r s too d a s
s h o w i n g n o b l oo d d e s c e n t w h i c h d i f f e re n c e i s i m p o rta n t t o re m e m
,

b e r w h e n i n v e s t i ga t i n g t h e a n c e s t ry o f a m e m b e r o f t h e o r d e r .

T h e T ao i s t s a r e o f t w o ki n d s ; o n e m a rry a n d t h e ot h e r d o n o t .

I n e i t h e r c a s e t h e y a l w a y s re t a i n t h e i r fa m i l y n a m e s a n d re c o r d s i n
t h e Fa m i l y T ab l e B o ok

“
.

S h o u l d a m a n b e c o m e a n a n a rc h i s t o r fre e l o v e r o r o th e rw i s e
a c t i n a m a n n e r t o b r i n g d i s c re d i t u p o n h i s fa m i l y o r c l a n n a m e h i s .

”
fa m i l y n a m e i s t ak e n a w ay fro m h i m by t h e T s u T a n g o f h i s
c l a n h i s n a m e e ra s e d fro m t h e Fa m i l y T a b l e B o ok a n d h e a fa m i l y
, . ,

o u t l a w m u s t u s e a n ot h e r n a m e
. .

I n t h e ge n e al ogi c a l t ab l e s o f Ch i n a m u c h at t e n t i o n i s gi v e n t o .

t h e l i n e o f t h e m al e d e s c e n t p a rt i c u l a rl y t h e s t e m o r h e re d i t a r y
. .

l i n e ; b u t v e ry l i t t l e a t t e n t i o n t o t h e fe m a l e l i n e i t b e i n g u n d e rs too d . .

i f n o re c o rd t o t h e c o n t ra ry t h a t th e fe m a l e i s o f th e s a m e fa m i l y
,

a n d n at u ral l y a n d s u re l y t ra c e s b a c k t o t h e o ri g i n a l s t e m i n an y
e ve n t ; b e i n g a m a t t e r o f a c e rt a i n n u m b er o f ge n e ra t i o n s re m o v e d .
250 SURNA M E B O O K .

I n c l o s i n g t h e s e so m e wh a t d i s c u r s i v e re m a rk s u p o n t h e f a m i l y
l i fe a n d ge n e a l og y o f t h e C h i n e s e p e op l e I a m re m i n d e d t h a t i n
,

t h e l a s t a n a l y s i s a l l t h e p eop l e of t h e e a rt h a re re al l y m e m b e r s o f o n e
fa m i l y a n d I c a n n o t b e tt e r c l o s e t h a n by re p e a t i n g t h e wo rd s o f

“
,

Co n fu c i u s : T h e P e op l e o f t h e Fo u r S e a s i e t h e p e op l e o f al l
. . . .

”
t h e w o rl d a re a l l on e b ro t h e rh o o d
,
. A n d al s o h e sa i d T h e re i s
.

”
o n l y o n e u n i v e r sa l Fa m i l y i n th e wo rl d . A n d aga i n h e sa i d : I n
t h e Go l d e n A ge m e n w i l l t re a t a l l e l d e rl y p eop l e a s t h e i r p a re n t s
, ,

a l l y o u n g p e r s o n s as th e i r c h i l d re n a n d a l l o f e q u a l a ge as b ro t h e r s
,
”
and si sters .

To t h e w i s e m a n t h e re i s i n a l l t h i s b roa d an d i m m e n s e wo rl d
.

b u t a s i n gl e fa m i l y ,
gov e rn e d by O n e S u p re m e I n t e l l i ge n c e

“
.

W h e n t h i s Fa m i l y re c ogn i z e s t h i s T ru th a n d i n d i re c t a n d re a l
.

s i n c e ri t y p ra c t i c e s th e fe w a n d p e rfe c t l y S i m p l e ru l e s o f be n e 1 o l e n t
m o ra l i t y a s t a u gh t by o u r an c i e n t s age t h e n w i l l i t b e a n e n l i gh t
.

”
e n e d c i v i l i z e d fa m i l y
,

A N AN C IE N T C H I N E S E TEM P L E .
252 SURNA M E B OO K .

re i n c a rn at i on a n d o f fi n a l ab s o rp t i o n o f s o u l i n N i rv an a a n d t h e
p ra c t i c e o f n e gat i v e v i rt u e s — t h e o n e gre a t d i f f e r e n c e b e t we e n
,

B u d d h i s m an d B ra h m a n i s m b e i n g t h e b e l i e f by t h e B ra h m an s t h a t ,

th e so u l e n t e r s i n to a n i m al s a n d go e s u p f ro m t h e l o we s t o rd e r o f
l i fe to i t s h u m a n h ab i ta t i o n w h i l e t h e B u d d h i s t s a c c e p t o n l y t h e
,

re i n c a rn at i o n o f t h e sp i ri t i n v a r i o u s st at e s a n d c l a s s e s o f h u m a n
b o d i e s B rah m an i s m i s t h e wo r s h i p o f n at u re
. .

T h e M oh am m e d a n s h av e fi n al l y t ri u m p h e d ov e r b o th o f t h e se
re l i gi o n s i n a l a rge r s e n s e th ro u gh o u t E a s t I n d i a
. ,
B uddhi sm .

ta u gh t th e b rot h e rh oo d o f m a n B ra h m a n i s m t h e l ov e o f n at u re an d
, ,

M oh a m m e d i s m t h e c o rru p t e d s t ra i n o f t h e H eb re w re l i gi o n W e .

a re fo rt u n a t e i n p re s e n t i n g t o o u r re a d e r s s om e i n fo rm at i o n g i v e n
d i re c t l y fro m a l e a rn e d a n d e n l i gh t e n e d l aw y e r o f E a s t I n d i a G , .

M u s t a fa P l e a d e r B A L L B o f G u j rat P u n j ab I n d i a w h o
, , . .
, . . .
.
, ,

c o n s e n t e d t o p re p are b r i e f i t e m s c on c e rn i n g t h e ge n e al og y a n d h i s
t o ri c al c on d i t i o n s o f h i s o w n p e op l e T h i s g e n t l e m a n b e c a m e ac .

q u ai n t e d with o n e o f th e Mormon el de rs i n 1914 wh en El de r John .

Co op e r w a s o n a m i s s i o n t o I n d i a a n d th ro u gh h i m t h e c o rre sp o n d

“
,

e n c e w a s op e n e d w i t h th e d i s t i n gu i sh e d E as t I n d i a n W e gi ve t h e .

fol l o w i n g e xt ra c t s fro m h i s l e t t e r s :

“
I p ro m i s e d to w ri t e s om e th i n g ab ou t I n d i a i t s p e op l e a n d t h e ,

w ay t h e y k e e p t h e i r ge n e al ogy .

I n d i a i s rat h e r a c o n t i n e n t t h a n a c o u n t r y so v a s t i s i t s a re a ,

a n d so v a ri e d a re t h e rac e s i n h ab i t i n g i t s v a ri o u s t erri to r i e s W i th i n .

i t s b ou n d a ri e s d w e l l s a p op u l at i on o f o v e r 300 d e ri v e d f ro m
so u rc e s w i d e l y ap a rt a n d sp e a k i n g m a n y d i f f e re n t to n gu e s n o t t o .

say ab o u t t h e d i f fe re n t d i al e c t s s p ok e n e v e n i n o n e d i st ri c t I n on e .

p rov i n c e w e fi n d p e op l e w h o a re u n ab l e t o u n d e r s t a n d o n e a n o th e r ,

l i k e t h e p e op l e o f t h e T o w e r o f o l d I t re q u i re s a v e r y l a rge sp a c e .

an d t i m e t o w ri t e ab o u t t h e h i s to r y o f e a c h s t at e p ro v i n c e o r k i n g ,

d om o f I n d i a I w i l l t h e re fo re c o n fi n e m y se l f t o th e P rov i n c e o f
.
, .

P u n j ab w h e re t h e w ri t e r o f th i s l e tt e r h i m s e l f l i v e s an d w i l l t ry
, ,

“
to gi v e s o m u c h o f a n o u t l i n e o f t h e h i s to ry a s c on c e rn s y o u r p re s
e n t p u rp o s e .

T h i s an c i e n t l a n d o f I n d i a i s t ri an gu l a r i n sh ap e a n d i s b o u n d
e d by m o u n t a i n o u s c h ai n s wh i c h fo r m t h e n at u ra l b a rri e rs an d .

fo rm a c h e c k t o t h e fo re i g n i n v a s i on T h e l o ft i e st p e ak s i n t h e .

wo rl d a re fo u n d i n t h e H i m al a y a s ( i e ab o d e o f sno w ) w 11c h . .
. ,
_

e xt e n d al o n g th e e n t i re n o rth e rn b o u n da r y o f I n d i a an d a re c ov e re d .

w i t h s n o w th ro u gh o u t t h e y e a r D u r in g s u m m e r th i s s n ow i s .

m e l t e d a n d t h e r i v e r G a n ge s t h e m o s t s ac re d t o t h e H i n d u s an d
, . .

th e B rah m ap u t ra a re i n u n d at e d a n d wa t e r th e p l a i n s th ro u gh wh i c h
,

t h ey t ra v e l an d at l a s t l o s e t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e B ay o f B e n gal A l o n g
. .

t h e t w o s i d e s o f th e t ri an gl e p ro j e c t i n g i n t o t h e s e a st an d t h e i n
, .

v u l n e rab l e gh at s ( m ou n t a i n s ) a gai n s t w h i c h th e w av e s o f th e s e a
b eat i n vai n .
 H I N D U G EN EA LO GY .

T h i s c o u n t ry o f I n d i a i s t h e m o s t fe rt i l e t ra c t i n t h e w h ol e
o f t h e A s i at i c c o n t i n e n t a n d ab o u n d s i n t h e n a t u ral s c e n e r
.
y wh ic h
c a n fav o ra b l y c o m p a re i n g ra n d e u r a n d b e a u t y w i t h a n y ot h e r o n
t h e fa c e o f t h e gl ob e K a s h m i r b e i n g t h e fa vo ri t e re s o rt o f E u ro
,

p e a n s d u ri n g s u m m e r T h e c l i m at e o f K a s h m i r i s v e ry h e al th y
.

a n d c o l d T h e I n d i a n a n d P e r s i a n p oe t s h a v e s u n g i t s p ra i s e i n
.

v e ry gl o w i n g t e rm s U rfi a P e r s i a n p oe t s a v s :
.
, ,

E v e ry b u rn t s o u l t h a t c o m e s i n to K a sh m i r ge t s l i fe ;
I f i t b e a roa s t e d fo w l i t ge t s w i n g s a n d fe at h e r s a t o n c e
, .
’

A s w e g ra d u al l y g o d ow n t o w a rd t h e s o u th t h e c l i m at e be ,

c o m e s h o t t e r an d h o t t e r T h e c l i m a t e o f B e n ga l an d c e n t ra l I n d i a
.

i s fav o rab l e t o t h e w i l d b e a s t w h i c h i s fo u n d t h e re fro m t h e w i l d

, ,

go a t t o t h e t i ge r a n d e l e p h a n t I t i s al o n g t h e s e re gi o n s t h a t th e
.

A rya n s t h e fi r s t i n v a d e r s s e t t l e d t h e m s e l v e s f o r t h e y a d o re d th e
, , .

p o w e r s o f n a t u re a n d l o v e d t o s t a y a m on g h e r wo rk s w h i c h i n s p i re d

“
i n t h e m t h e a w e a n d b e a u t y o f t h e U n s e e n w h o w ro u gh t wo n d e r s ,

i n t h e wo rl d i n wh i c h t h e y l i v e d .

I n d i a h a s b e e n c a l l e d t h e e p i to m e o f t h e wo rl d i n t h e s e n s e .

t h a t a l m o s t a l l t h e i n h ab i t a n t s o f t h e w o rl d a re re p re s e n t e d h e re :

w e h av e th e c ol d e s t p o rt i o n s a s w e l l a s t h e h o tt e s t ; w e h av e d e n s e
fo re s t s a n d j u n gl e s fa i rl y rep re s e n t i n g t h o s e i n A fri c a ; t h e m o u n
t ai n o u s re g i o n s o f S w i t z e rl a n d c a n b e c o m p a re d w i t h t h e n o rt h e rn
p o rt i o n o f I n d i a ; t h e p l a i n s d ra i n e d by t h e G a n ge s a re n o t i n fe ri o r

“
t o t h o s e a l o n g t h e N i l e i n E gyp t N a t u re i s s o b o u n t e o u s t h a t i t
.

h a s s h o w e re d i t s c h o i c e s t gi ft s o v e r t h i s a n c i e n t an d h i st o ri c a l l a n d .

O p i n i on s d i f f e r a s t o h o w t h e n a m e o f I n d i a c a m e t o b e ap p l i e d
t o t h e l a n d w e l i v e i n b u t t h e c o n s e n s u s o f o p i n i o n i s t h at i t w a s
,

gi v e n t o i t by t h e e a rl i e r i n v a d e r s w h o e n t e re d i n t o I n d i a t h ro u gh
t h e K h a i b e r p a s s w i n d i n g t h e i r w ay a l o n g t h e H i n d u K u s h M o u n
,

t a i n s o n t h e n o rt h w e s t e rn f ro n t i e r A s t h e y m a rc h e d t h e y w e re
, .
,

e n c o u n t e re d b y t h e r i v e r I n d u s o r L i n d ( S a n s k ri t — S i n d h u a ri v e r ,

of fl o o d ) T h i s n a m e o f w h i c h t h e G re e k fo rm i s I n d i a a n d t h e
. . ,

“
P e r s i an H i n d u c a m e t h u s t o b e ap p l i e d t o t h e co u n t r y b e yo n d H i n
, .

‘ ’
d o st a n o r I n d i a a n d t o t h e p e op l e i n h ab i t i n g i t t h e H i n d u s
,
.

I h av e a l re a d y s t a t e d t h a t I n d i a i s u n l i k e o t h e r c o u n t r i e s,
.

i n h ab i t e d n o t w i t h p e op l e s p o s s e s s i n g t h e s a m e re l i gi o u s b e l i e f s t h e .

s a m e c u s to m s a n d m a n n e r s a n d h o l d i n g t h e s a m e p o l i t i c a l i m
.

p o rt a n c e b u t i t i s i n h ab i t e d b y a n u m b e r o f ra c e s a n d t ri b e s s p e ak
, ,

i n g d i ff e re n t t o n gu e s fol l o w i n g d i ff e re n t c u st o m s a n d p o s s e s s i n g
. ,

d i ff e re n t re l i g i o u s be l i e f s I t i s t h e re fo re wo rt h w h i l e t o h av e a
_
.

l o ok a t t h e fi gu re s n o t e d b e l o w t a k e n fro m t h e P u n j ab c e n s u s rep o rt
fo r 1911
254 SURNAM E B OOK .

H indus
m a l e s u n m a rr i e d .

fe m al e s u n m a rri e d .

m a l e s m a rri e d .

fe m a l e s m a r ri e d .

445 775
,
. w i d o w e d m al e s .

w i d o w e d fe m al e s .

M oh am m e d an s
m a l e s u n m a rri e d .

fe m al e s u n m a rr i e d .

m al e s m ar ri e d .

fe m a l e s m a rri e d .

widowe d m al e s .

w i d o w e d fe m a l e s .

O th e r s
m al e s u n m a r ri e d .

fe m a l e s u n m a rri e d .

m a l e s m a rri e d .

fe m al e s m a r ri e d .

m al e s w i d o w e d .

fe m al e s w i do w e d .

‘ ’
T h e s e o t h e r s d o n o t i n c l u d e t h e S i k h s w h o al so fo rm a c o n .

si d e rabl e p rop o rt i o n o f t h e p op u l a t i o n T h e re a re i n n u m e rab l e .

“
‘
ot h e r ra c e s o r t ri b e s w h i c h a re n ot i n c l u d e d i n t h e oth e r s an d wh o ,
’

a re fo u n d i n o t h e r p a rt s o f I n d i a .

F ro m t h e ab ov e s t a t i s t i c a l re p o rt yo u w i l l fi n d t h a t t h e H i n d u s
an d th e M oh a m m e d an s s t a n d o u t i n p ro m i n e n c e a s re ga r d t h e i r
n u m b e r ; a n d t h e re fo re t h e s e a re t h e p e op l e ab ou t wh o m I s h al l
,

s p e ak a s t o h o w t h e y ke e p t h e i r ge n e al ogy M oh am m e d an s a re
, .

“
fo u n d s c a t t e re d a l l ov e r I n d i a an d fo rm 54 p e r c e n t o f t h e p O p u l a
,

t i o n i n t h e P u n j ab .

T h e P u n j ab i s s o c al l e d b e c a u s e t h i s p rov i n c e i s w a t e re d b y
.

fi v e ( P u n j ) ri v e r s w a t e r s I t s p o s i t i o n o n t h e l i n e of
'

: .

m a rc h o f a rm i e s i n v a d i n g I n d i a t h ro u gh t h e p a s s e s o f t h e n o rth
w e s t h a s h a d c o n s i d e rab l e i n fl u e n c e u p o n i t s h i s to ry A l e xa n d e r .

th e G re at o f M ac e d o n i a ( i n G re e c e ) i n v a d e d t h e P u n j ab a n d w e n t
, ,

a s fa r a s M u l t an i n t h i s p rov i n c e i n 327 B C T h i s c i t y o f Gaj rat

. . .

al so s a w t h e b at t l e fo u gh t b e t w e e n P o ru s an d A l ex an d e r th e G re a t
( 327 B . T h i s sh o w s t h e h i s t o ri c a l i m p o rt an c e an d t h e a n
t i q u i t y o f th e t o w n i n w h i c h I a m s i t t i n g n o w a n d w ri t i n g t h i s l e t te r .

D u ri n g t h e p a s t t h o u s a n d y e a r s t h e Gh a z n i G h o ri a n d M ogh al c o n ,

u e o rs h av e c o m e th ro ugh t h i s p rov i n c e T h e P u n j ab h a s a l so
q r .

b e e n th e re gi on o f d i v i s i o n b e t w e e n t h e B rah m a n i c re l i gi o n o f
256 SURNA M E B OO K .

t ak e up o n m y s e l f to p o s t t h e p e d i g re e m e n t i o n e d l a s t o n t o y ou r
a d d re s s i n d u e t i m e a s i t w i l l t ak e s o m e t i m e to re n d e r i t al l i n to
, ,
”
E n gl i s h .

( N o t e —
.T h e a u th o r o f t h i s b oo k re c e i v e d t h e t ab l e re fe rre d t o ,

a n d h a s p re s e n te d i t t o t h e U t a h Ge n e a l ogi c al L i b ra ry ; i t s gre at
l e n gth p re c l u d e s i t s re p ro d u c t i o n h e re )
.

A b rah a m Al H am i s I
( 1 H P rop h e t ) Adu I
I shmail A d ri a n I 6 00 B C
,
. .

A idar M a n d I 588 B C
,
. .

A wa i n Aam al
Au s I N ab a t
Mur S a l am a n I I
S a m ae H am i s I I
R az akh A l yasa
N aj i b Ada I I
M u h si r Ad
A bh am Adman I I
U f t ad M and I I
I sa Nazar
Hisan hI az a r
U n ga Alyas
A ri wa hI ad rak a
B u l kh i K h az i ma
B e h re K a n an a
H ar i Alnazar
Ya s i n M e l ak
H a m ra n P ahar
A l i rya G h al i b
Abid L aw a
Anaf K ab
A sq i M u ra
Mah i K al ab
N ah u r A b d u l M u n af
P aj am H a sh a m
Kal ch A b d u l M at l ab
B a d l an A b d u l l ah
Y al d aram M oh a m a d t h e P rop h e t
H u ra ( P e a c e b e u p on h i m )
Nasil Fat i n a Z ah ra m a rri e d t o
.

A bu l aw am A l i so n o f A b i T al i b t h e .

Tasaw i l so n o f A b d u l M atl ab N o 6 8 .

B raw I m a m H u s s ai n
Aus I I I m an Z a i n u l A b d i n
-

S al a m an I M oh am a d B aq a r
 H I N D U G E N EA LO GY 257

75 . I m a m J a fa r Sa d i q 10 1. Sy e d B a q a r
76 . M u sa Kaz i m 102 . S ye d M u s a
77 . Al i M u sa Riza 103 . S h a ra f D i n H u s sa i n
78 . Mohamad Taqi 104 . A b ra h i m
79 . S ay e d M u s a Hafiz Ah mar
80 . Sy e d A b i A b d u l l a h A h m a d 106 . Sy e d A z i z
81 . S ye d M o h a m a d 107 . S e y d Mo h a m a d D o s t
82 . M oh am ad A h ma d 108 . B u rh a n
83 . Syed Ahmad 109 . M oh am ad I m ad
89 . Sy o M u s a 110 . M oh a m a d H a d i
90 . Sy e d A h m a d l l l
. M o h am a d M u tt ak i
91 . Seyd Mohama d 1 12. S y e d A h m a d b o rn o n 17t h
.

92 . Sy d A l i O c t 1817 d i e d ab o u t 1894
.
, ,

93 . S y d J a fa r
,
95
94 . S y d M oh a m a d 113 . S y d M o h m u d bo rn 24 M a v
, ,

95 . Sy d I s a 1850 l a te J u d ge H i gh C o u f t
.

96 . Sy d M o h amad A l l a h ab a d
97 . Sy e d A l i 114 . Ro s s M a s u d B a r at L a w
,
- -

98 . Ja r H u s sai n 115 . So n ( n e w l y b o rn wh o s e
99 . Kazi m D ui H us sain n a m e i s n ot k n o w n ) .

100 . S y e d J a fa r
T h i s E a s t I n d i a n t a bl e i s p e rh ap s t h e o n l y e x a m p l e o f i t s k i n d
i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ( w i t h t h e s e c o n d o n e re c e iv e d from D r M u s .

t a fa ) a t l e a s t n o n e h av e ap p e a re d i n p ri n t b e fo re
,
The pedi .

g re e w a s c op i e d a n d s e n t t o t h e p re s i d e n t o f t h e I n t e rn at i on a l G e n e
a l o gi c a l Fe d e rat i o n H e n ry B ryo n P h i l l i p s w h o ex a m i n e d i t w i t h
. ,

gre a t c a re a n d c o m p a re d i t w i t h o u r o w n c h ron o l og y p ro n o u n c i n g ,

i t a s ap p a re n t l y ge n u i n e a n d a gre e i n g w i t h o u r a c c e p t e d c h ro n ol o g y
,
.

I t may b e t h a t fe w o f t h e s e o ri e n t a l p e op l e s w i l l a c c e p t t h e
go s p e l i n an y gre a t n u m b e r s T h e y h av e h a d t h e i r o w n i n sp i re d
.

a n d c o n s e c ra t e d t e a c h e r s a n d l e a d e r s C e rt a i n l y t h e y h av e p re
.

s e rv e d t h e i r ge n e al ogi e s fa r b e tt e r t h a n h av e t h e p e op l e o f t h e
o c c i d e n t so fa r a s i s k n o wn T h e s e A rab i a n H i n d u s a re n o t fa r
, .

d i s t a n tl y re l at e d t o t h e t ri b e s o f I s ra e l a n d w h e n Ch ri s t s re i gn
,
’

u p o n e a rt h i s i n t ro d u c e d a t 11 0 fa r d i s t a n t d ay a l l o f t h e s e re l a t e d
, ,

p e op l e s w i l l fal l i n t o l i n e a n d bo w t h e kn e e ac k n o w l e d gi n g th a t.

J e s u s i s i h e C h ri s t M e a n wh i l e w e s h al l d o w e l l to a c q u a i n t o u r
.
.

s e l v e s a l t h o u gh b ri e fl y w i th t h e i r t ri b e s a n d c u s to m s t h u s e xt e n d
. . .

i n g t h e fi e l d o f o u r i n q u i r y an d t h e s u m o f o u r kn o w l e d ge .

T u rk i sh G en e al o g y — T h e T u rk i sh l i n e o f
. i s not to bede scen t
c o n fu s e d w i t h t h a t o f e i t h e r t h e E a s t I n d i a n s o r th e A rab i an s ; al

t h o u g h t h e fo rm e r u s e t h e l e ge n d a ry l i n e o f U i gu r i an o r T u rk i s h , ,

s to c k t o t ra c e t h e i r a n c e s t ry t o p re h i s t o ri c t i m e s a n d m a k e a n
‘

. ,

e f f o rt t h o u gh n o t s a t i s fa c t o ri l y t o c o n n e c t w i t h t h e A rab i a n s t oc k
. , ,

wh i c h t o a c o n s i d e rab l e ex t e n t d e sc e n d s fro m A b rah a m t h ro u gh

I sh m ael .
258 SURNA M E B OO K .

T h e re a re t h re e h i s to ri c al l y p ro m i n e n t s e c t i o n s o f T u rk i s h
s to c k— K i rgh i z S e l j u k a n d O s m an l i — w i t h s e v e ra l o t h e r se c t i o n s
, ,

o r t ri b e s o f l e s s e r i m p o rta n c e t o e i t h e r t h e h i s to ri a n o r ge n e al ogi s t .

T h e s e t i t l e s i n d i c a t e n o t o n l y d i f f e re n t t ri b e s o f t h e M o n go l o T a -

t a r l i n gu i s t i c fa m i l y b u t th re e d i s t i n c t s u c c e s s iv e p e r i o d s o f p ro m

“
,

i n e n c e i n h i s t o r y c om i n g i n t h e o rd e r n a m e d

“
.

—
,

—
T h e K i rgh i z th e t ri b e o f t h e e a rl i e s t ru l i n g dy n a s t y a re n o w
”
d i v i d e d i n t o t wo c l a s se s t h e K a ra o r b l ac k K i rgh i z ( fro m t h e
,
”
c o l o r o f t h e i r t e n t s ) a n d t h e K a z ak s o r ri d e r s
,
T h e K a ra K i r ,
.
-

gh i z oc c u p y t h e m o u n t a i n c o u n t ry an d th e K a z a k K i rgh i z t h e ,
-

s te p p e c o u n t r y i n t h e P e r s i an p l a t e a u ; a ge s ag o t h e i r h o m e w a s
, ,

fa rth e r e a st o n t h e n o rth e rn s l op e o f t h e A l t a i m o u n t a i n s b u t i n
, ,

t h e s e v e n t e e n t h c e n t u ry t h e K a ra K i rgh i z w e re c ro w d e d i n to wh a t -

i s n o w ea s te rn P e r s i a .

O f t h e l i n e o f d e sc e n t o f t h e K i rgh i z P ro f A H K e an e a u t h o r ,
. . .
,

an d h i s to ri an w h o gav e sp e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o t h e ge n e s i s o f t h i s
,

p e op l e s ay s
,

T h e Ka ra — K i rgh i z a re o n th e w h ol e t h e p u re s t a n d b e s t re p
re se n t at i v e s o f t h e T u rk i s h rac e ; a n d so t ru e i s t h i s t h at p rop e rl y . .

sp e a k i n g t o th e m b e l o n g s t h e d i st i n c t i v e n a t i o n a l n a m e K i rgh i z o r
,

K rg h i z T h i s te rm i s c o m m on l y t ra c e d to a l e ge n d a ry c h i e f K i r
.

gh i z sp ru n g o f O gh u z K h an n i n t h i n d e sc e n t fro m J ap h e t h Ch i
, ,
.

n e s e w ri t e r s o f th e Yu a n d yn a s t y p l ac e th e t e rri to ry o f t h e s e p e o
p l e 10 000 l i n o rt h w e s t o f P e k i n a b ou t t h e h e ad w at e r s o f t h e Y e n,

e seL

T h e Y e n e se i ri v e r ri s e s i n t h e A l t a i m o u n t a i n s a n d fl o w s n o rt h
wa rd t h rou gh S i b e ri a t o t h e A rc t i c O c e an .

T h e K a z a k K i rgh i z a re m o re n u m e ro u s t o d a y th a n a re t h e
-

Ka ra an d i n t h e t we l ft h c e n t u r y A D c am e u n d e r t h e s wa y o f
. . .

J e n gh i s Kh an w h i c h t h e K a ra n e v e r d i d
,
.

Fo l l ow i n g t h e p ro m i n e n t p e ri o d o f t h e K i rgh i z a s a T u rk i sh
t ri b e c a m e t h e d o m i n a n c e o f a n o t h e r t ri b e o f t h e s a m e ra c e a n d
, ,

fro m t h e s a m e l oc a l i t y— n o rth e rn T u rk e s ta n — t h e S e l j u k s S t ri c t l y .

s p e a k i n g t h e S e l j u k s w e re a ro y al fa m i l y a m o n g t h e G h u z z gi v
.
,

i n g t o t h e s e t h e i r n am e d u ri n g th e p e rio d o f t h e i r a sc e n d a n c y .

T h e e m i n e n t o ri e n t al i s t P ro f M T h H o u t sma o f L e y d e n U n i

“
. . . .
,
.

v e r s i t y a n d p ro fe s so r o f S e m i t i c L an gu age s i n t h e U n i v e r s i ty o f
,

Utre c h t s a y s o f t h e m :
,
‘
T h e fi r s t S e l j u k ru l e r s we re To g h ru l B e g ( B e g m ea n i n g ’

Ch ak i r B e g a n d I b ra h i m N i y al th e so n s o f M i ka i l t h e
, .
,
‘
so n o f S e l j u k t h e s o n o f T u k ak ( a l so s t l e d T i m u ry al i k i ro n
, y ,

T h e y b e l on ge d t o t h e T u rk i s h t r i b e o f t h e Gh u z z wh i c h t ra c e d i t s

“
.

l i n e age t o O gh u z — O gh u z K h an n i n t h i n d e sc e n t f ro m Jap h e th , ,

so n o f N oa h a c c o rd i n g t o t h e t ra d i t i o n o f t h e K i rgh i z f ro m w h om
th e s e sp ra n g— t h e fa m o u s e p o n y m i c h e ro n o t o n l y o f t h i s b u t o f
, ,

al l T u rk i sh t ri b e s T h e re a ro s e h o w e v e r at s o m e u n d e fi n e d e p oc h
.
, ,

a s t ri fe o n th e p a rt o f t h i s t ri b e a n d s o m e o t h e r s w i th t h e re s t o f
26 0 SU RNA M E B OO K .

Of e a c h a n d a l l o f t h e s e T u rk i sh b ra n c h e s t h e n a t i o n al t ra d i ,

t i o n s an d m an y p ri n c e l y ge n e al ogi e s h av e b e e n p re s e rv e d b y t h e
P e r s i a n h i s to ri a n s Ra s h i d e d — D i n a n d J o w ai n i fro m U i gu ri a n ( e a rl y
-

“
,

T u rk i s h ) b o ok s w h i c h a re n o w l o s t B o t h o f t h e s e h i s to ri an s p re .

s e rv e t h e re co rd w h i c h s h ow s t h at t h o s e p e op l e s K i rgh i z S e l j u k , , ,

O s m a n l i e t c i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h M o s l e m t ra d i t i o n s d e ri v e t h e
,
.
, ,

w h ol e T u rk i s h s t oc k fro m J ap h e t h t h e so n o f N o a h ; o r m o re ac , ,

c u rat e l y ,
fro m T u rk t h e s o n ( o r gra n d s on ) o f J ap h e t h ( Y afi z
,

( P ro f M T h H o u sm a ) . . . .

T h u s t h e J ap h e t i c l i n e age o f t h e T u rk i s h ra c e i s e s t ab l i s h e d b e
o n d d i sp u t e I n t h e ge n e al o gy o f t h e i r c h i e f s — m u c h o f t h e e a rl i e r
y .

p o rt i o n b e i n g re ga rd e d b y E u rop e a n h i s to ri a n s a s l e ge n d o r t ra d i
t i o n — th e y c a rry th e i r n a m e s i n s u c c e s s i o n f ro m t h e so n o r gra n d
‘

so n o f N o a h ; t h e S u l t a n A b d u l H a m i d I I ( 1876 ) b e i n g t h e 114t h i n
- -

t h a t s u c c e s s i o n D at i n g f ro m O s m a n I t h e so n o f E r To g h ru l
.
,
-

A b d u l H a m i d I I i s t h e 34t h ru l e r I t w a s i n 1517 d u ri n g t h e re i gn
- -
.
,

of S e l i m I t h e n i n t h o f t h e O s m a n l i d y n a s t y a n d t h e 91st o f t h e
, ,

ge n e al ogi c a l l i n e f ro m t h e so n ( o r gran d so n ) o f J ap h e t h t h a t J e ru ,

s al e m p a s s e d d e fi n i t e l y u n d e r t h e c o n t ro l o f t h e O s m a n l i T u rk s ,

w h e re i t re m a i n e d u n t i l D e c e m b e r 1917 j u s t fo u r h u n d re d y e a r s
I n t h e l at e r p e ri o d o f t h e S e l j u k d y n a st y— t h e t w e l ft h c e n t u ry
, , .

—t h e re b e ga n t o b e ap p a re n t a m o n g t h e T u rk s t h e n e e d o f s u r
na m e d i s t i n c t io n s a n d t h e s e w e re b e gi n n i n g t o b e fo rm e d
,
The .

n a m e e d D i n w a s c om m o n l y u se d a s a s u rn a m e i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
-

ot h e r n a m e s b u t t h i s w a s m o re t ri b al t h a n fa m i l y ; al t h o u gh i t y e t
,

re m a i n s a s a s u rn am e i n fa m i l i e s o f d i s t i n c t i o n S u rn am e s b e gan .

to b e ap p l i e d f ro m p l a c e s o f re s i d e n c e t ra d e s p ro fe s s i o n s o r p e r . . ,

s on a l c h a ra c t e ri s t i c s u s u a l l y b e i n g t h e fi r s t i n st e a d o f t h e l a s t n a m e
,

a s i n t h e w e s t e rn E u rop e a n c u s to m a s f o r i n s t a n c e K o s a M i k h a l , ,

Ko s a m e a n i n g s c a n ty b e a r d e d h e n c e an a n gl i c i z e d fo r m wo u l d
-

b e M i c h a e l S c an tbeard .

T h e M on go l ra i d u p o n t h e S e l j u k e m p i re c h e c k e d fo r a t i m e
t h e s u rn a m i n g a n d gav e to i t n e w fo rm ; fo r w h e n t h e O s m a n l i
,

d yn a s t y c a m e i n t o c o n t ro l i n t h e fo u rt e e n t h c e n t u ry t h e w e s t e rn ,

p eop l e s o f E u rop e h a d m a d e c o n s i d e rab l e p rog re s s i n s u rn a m i n g .

T h e M o s l e m c o n q u e s t s a t th e c l o s e o f t h e t we l ft h c e n t u ry h a d
b ro u gh t t h e E g yp t i an an d T u rk i sh p e op l e i n t o u c h w i t h n at i o n s
o f so u th e rn E u rop e t o a n e x e n t t h a t w h e n s u rn a m i n g in t h e fo u r .

t e e n t h c e n t u r y b e c a m e a re c o gn i z e d n e c e s s i t y t h e O s m a n l i h a d ,

so m e k n o wl e d ge o f a s y s t e m w h i c h h o w e v e r wa s t ra n sfo rm e d i n . ,

t o o n e o f t h e i r o w n wh e re a p e rs o n f re q u e n t l y b o re fi v e o r s ix
n a m e s so m e o f t h e m p at ro n y m i c an d o t h e r s m e t ro n y m i c w h i l e o n e
, ,

u s u al l y w a s t ri b al T h i s s y s te m h ow ev e r u n d e rw e n t m o d i fi c at i on
.
, ,

a n d ab b re v i a t i o n a s i n o th e r n at i o n s
,
-

T u rk i s h s u rn a m e s o f to d a y i n d i c at e t h e so u rc e o f t h e i r ap p l i
c a t i on t o th e p roge n i t o r o f t h e fam i l y fou r o r fi v e c e n tu ri e s p a st
h i s c al l i n g re s i d e n c e p e r son a l p e c u l i a ri t y e t c Fo r i n s t a n c e K a ra
, , , .
, ,
 TURK I SH GEN EA LO GY . 26 1

b l a c k ; K i z i l re d ; S u n gu l a n c e ; K i l i j s wo rd ; U z b e g gre a t ; K i z i l
, , , ,

bash i s re d h e a d s ; S h ah se w e n l o v e s t h e S h ah ; Koy u n bu f ro m t h e
, .
-
,

to w n o f K h o i ; Y u ru k n o m a d i c ; G ra n c o rn ; K a ra s u b l a c k w at e r ;
, , ,

K u t a fro m t h e t o w n o f K u tay a ; D ami d A l i A l i t h e s o n i n l aw ; - - - -

H a fi z v i s i t e d t h e s h ri n e ( M e c c a ) U d —
, ,

,
D i n h i s to ri a n ; Y aw u z g ri m
, , ,

s t e rn ; Y i l d i ri m t h u n d e rb ol t ; C h e l e b i d e b o n a i r ; T i m u r i ro n ; B e g
, , , ,

p ri n c e ; K h a z a r fa i r s k i n n e d ( t h e re a re m a n y l i gh t c o m p l e x i o n e d
,
- -

p e op l e a m o n g t h e T u rk s ) ; A k o r K e l w h i t e ; e t c
, . .

W h i l e t h e re i s n o u n i fo rm o f fi c i a l re gi s t ra t i o n i n T u rk e y a s i n ,

t h e n a t i o n s o f w e s t e rn E u rop e a n d th e A m e ri c a n S t a t e s t h e re a re ,

m a n y O tto m a n h i s to r i c a l wo rk s a n d a s y s t e m o f re l i gi o u s re c o rd s
b y w h i c h t h e l i n e o f fa m i l i e s ( y e t n o t o f i n d i v i d u al m e m b e r s o r o f
m a n y o f t h e l o w e r c l a s s e s o f t h e p e o p l e ) c a n b e fol l ow e d O u t s i d e .

o f t h e i n t e re s t fo r p ro p e rty o r f o r c a s t e b o t h c i v i l an d re l i gi o u s
, ,

t h e re i s n o ge n e a l o gi c a l d a t a av a i l ab l e a n d n o ge n e al o gi c a l re s e a rc h
,

i s b e i n g m a d e S t i l l f ro m t h e s ixt h c e n t u ry A D t h e re a re M o
.
, . .

h amme d an c h ro n i c l e s ab u n d a n t l y i n c re a s e d d u ri n g t h e p a s t fi v e
,

c e n t u ri e s w h i c h wo u l d a i d g re at l y t h e h i s to ri a n i f fre e a c c e s s c o u l d
,

b e o b t a i n e d t h e re to a n d w h i c h d o u b t l e s s wo u l d y i e l d m u c h g en ea

“
,

l ogi c a l i n fo rm at i o n t o t h e w e s t e rn m i n d i f t h e a l l e go ri c a l a n d fi g
u rat i v e P e r s i a n t o n e t h e re i n w e re u n d e r s too d .

P ro f H o u sma s ay s :
. I t s e e m s c e rt a i n t h a t t h e U i gu ri a n t ra
d i t i o n h a s p re s e rv e d t h e m e m o ry o f t h e t ru e o ri gi n o f t h e ra c e .

T h e o n l y h i s to ri c a l re c o r d s a r e t o b e fo u n d i n t h e C h i n e s e c h ro n
i c l e s a n d e n c y c l op e d i a s w h e re h o w e v e r t h e T u rk i s h p rop e r n a m e s
, , ,

ap p e a r i n s u c h d i s t o rt e d fo rm s a s t o b e u n re c ogn i z ab l e ; y e t t i l l ,

t h e s i xt h c e n t u ry o f o u r e ra n o o t h e r a c c o u n t s a re a v a i l ab l e
,
With .

t h e e xc ep t i o n o f s o m e t a l e s a n d n ov e l s t h i s l i t e ra t u re ( T u rk i s h )
h a s re m a i n e d a n exo t i c p ro d u c t i o n u n i n t e l l i g i b l e e v e n t o t h e p eo
,

p l e o f t o d ay w h o a re s u p p o s e d t o s p e a k t h e s am e l an gu ag e .
 XXVIII .

'

D A N IS H N A M E S A N D G E N E A L O G Y .

F e w d e s c e n d a n t s o f S c a n d i n av i a n p a re n t s i n t h i s C h u rc h h av e
rea l i z e d t h e ext e n t o f s u rn a m e fo u n d at i on s i n t h e i r m o t h e r c o u n
t ry b e c a u s e m an y o f t h e s a i n t s h av e c o m e f ro m t h e p e a s an t c l a s s e s
,

w h e re t h e c o n fu s i n g c u s to m o f u s i n g th e n a m e s of g ran d fat h e r a n d
fa t h e r w i th s o n a d d e d i n t e rc h an ge ab l y h a s p re v ai l e d L i t t l e fu rt h e r
-
.

i n q u i ry h a s b e e n m a d e u n t i l re c e n t l y c o n c e rn i n g t h i s m a t t e r .

T h e E d i to r o f t h i s b oo k w ro t e o v e r a y e a r a go t o M r s M a ri a
, ,
.

W ri gh t o f Cop e n h age n w h o i s a fa m o u s ge n e al og i s t in h e r o w n
‘

“
,

c ou n t ry f o r s o m e d at a 0 11 S c a n d i n a v i a n s u rn a m e s A fte r m a n y

“ “
.
,

mo n t h s w e re c e i v e d fro m h e r a c o rd i a l l e t t e r o f re p l y a n d s h e en ,

c l o s e d t w o p ri n t e d b ook s u p o n D a n i s h s u rn a m e s : K ra k s N av n e
’

” ”
b og a n d D a n s k N av n e sk i k T h e s e b oo k s fu rn i s h e d m u c h i n f o r
.

”
m a t i on F ro m t h e K ra k s N av n e bo g t h re e c h ap t e r s h av e b e e n
.
’

t ra n s l at e d fo r t h i s b oo k b y o u r i n d e fa t i gab l e a n d gi ft e d A s s i s t an t

“
C h u rc h H i s to ri a n A n d re w J e n so n
, .

W e a d d t o th i s t re at i s e p o rt i o n s of a n a rt i c l e p rep a re d by
”
E l d e r J e n s o n fo r t h e U t a h G e n e a l ogi c a l M a ga z i n e a n d so m e i n ,

fo rm at i o n c o n c e rn i n g t h e D a n i s h P a ri s h Re gi s t e r p rep a re d b y T h ,
.

H a u gh F au sbo l l D i re c to r D a n sk G e n e al o g i sk I n s t i t u t o f Cop e n
,

h a ge n D e n m a rk
, .

S c an d i n av i a i s a ge n e ra l d e s i gn a t i o n fo r t h e t h re e n o rt h e rn
E u ro p e a n k i n gd o m s S we d e n N o rway a n d D e n m a rk S o m e t i m e s
, , .

i t i s ap p l i e d i n a m o re re s t ri c t e d s e n s e t o S w e d e n an d N o rway
a l on e I n t h e m i d d l e age s t h e n a m e o f N o rt h m e n w as b e s to w e d
'

i n d i s c ri m i n a t e l y o n t h e i n h a b i t an t s o f t h e s e c o u n t ri e s w h o s e
c l o s e l y re l at e d l a n gu age s an d c o m m o n mo d e o f l i fe a n d p o l i t i c a l
,

fo rt u n e s a f fo rd e d s u f fi c i e n t b a s i s fo r c o n s i d e ri n g t h e m o n e p eop l e .

Th e ge ogra p h i c al te rm S c a n d i n av i a i s g ra d u a l l y p a s s i n g o u t o f
u s e b u t th e ap p e l l at i o n i s s t i l l e m p l oye d i n a n e t h n ) grap h i c a n d
,

e sp e c i al l y i n a l i t e ra ry s e n s e .

D e n m a rk p rop e r c o n s i s t s o f t h e p e n i n s u l a o f J u tl an d a n d ab o u t
200 i s l a n d s l y i n g p ri n c ip a l l y o n t h e e a s t o f t h e p e n i n s u l a
, The .
.

w h o l e a re a o f t h e c o u n t ry i s ab o u t E n gl i s h s q u a re m i l e s a n d

““
th e n u m b e r o f i n h ab i t a n t s t wo a n d on e h al f m i l l i o n s O n e fi f th
- -

“
.

o f t h e p op u l at i o n l i v e i n Cop e n h a ge n t h e c ap i t al F o r a d m i n i st ra
, .

t i v e p u rp o s e s D e n m a rk i s d i v i d e d i n to e i gh t e e n a m t e r ( c o u n t i e s )
”
,
” ”
e a c h c o u n t y o r a m t b e i n g s ub d i v i d e d i n t o h e rre d e r and
”
sogn e ( p a ri sh e s ) O f t h e l at t e r t h e re a re
. D e n m a rk i s a
l ow l y i n g c o u n t r y t h e h i gh e st p o i n t o f e l e v a t i o n b e i n g o n l y ab ou t
-

550 fe e t ab ov e s e a l e v e l .
26 4.
S U R N AM E B OO K .

i s a n d a l w ay s w i l l b e A b e l s d a u gh t e r wh e th er s h e i s c al l e d M a ri e
’

, ,

E l s e o r a n y th i n g e l s e .

T h i s i s p rac t i c a l l y a l l th a t n e e d s t o b e s ai d b y w ay o f e xp l an a
t i o n o f th i s c l a s s o f D an i s h n a m e s w h i c h s o m a n y s t u d e n t s a t fi r s t ,

p ro n o u n c e ri d i c u l o u s an d so h a rd t o d e c i p h e r i n t rac i n g ge n e al o gy .

B y u n d e r s ta n d i n g t h e p l a i n p ri m i t i v e p ri n c i p l e n o t h i n g i s e a s i e r
, ,

th an t o d e a l w i t h t h e S c an d i n av i a n n a m e s o f th a t k i n d .

D e n m a rk w i t h a n a re a o f o n l y
,
E n gl i s h s q u a re m i l e s
( ab o u t o n e s ix t h th e s i z e o f U t ah ) c o n t a i n s ab o u t
-
citie s , ,

t ow n s v i l l age s n e i gh b o rh oo d s e s t at e s fa rm s h o u s e s e t c w h i c h
, , , , , , .
,

h av e s e p a rat e a n d d i s t i n c t n a m e s T h u s i t w i l l b e u n d e r s too d h ow .

e ac h i n d i v i d u al e a s i l y c a n b e t rac e d an d c o n n e c t e d w i t h so m e l o c al
i ty w h i c h w i l l d i s t i n gu i s h h i m f ro m an y o th e r p e r so n o f t h e s a m e
n a m e i n t h e s a m e l o c al i ty A p a ri s h i n D e n m a rk i s b o t h a c i v i l an d

“
.

a n e c c l e s i a st i c al d iv i s i o n o f th e c o u n t ry w i t h w e l l d e fi n e d b o u n ,
-

d a ri e s a n d i n e ac h p a ri s h ( c o u n t r y p a ri s h e s a t l e a s t ) t h e re a re b o t h
,
”
a so g n e f o g e d ( c i v i l m a gi s t ra t e ) a n d a L u t h e ra n p r i e s t ; t h e l at t e r
i s al s o e n t ru s t e d w it h a n u m b e r o f s e c u l a r d u t i e s a m o n g w h i c h i s ,

t h e k e e p i n g o f a re c o rd o f a l l b i rt h s m a r ri age s a n d d e at h s i n t h e ,

p a ri s h an d i n m ak i n g t h e e n t ri e s i n h i s p a ri s h re c o rd s li e i s a l w ay s
, ,
”
c a re fu l t o n ot e t h e p a rt i c u l a r v i l l age gaa r d ( e s ta t e ) i f i n t h e ,

c o u n t r y o r s t re e t a n d h o u s e n u m b e r i f i n t h e c i t y w h e re t h e b i rt h
, , , .

m a rri age o r d e at h t ak e s p l ac e ; h en c e t h e ge n e al ogi s t c a n p roc e e d

w i t h o u t d i f fi c u l ty .

Fo r i l l u s t rat i on t ak e t h e p a ri s h o f To rsl e y i n i
, rri n g a m t ,

t h e n o rt h e rn m o s t a m t i n D e n m a rk T h e p a ri s h o f To r s l e v h a d i n .

1890 , i n ha b i t a n t s w h o l i v e d i n 411 e s t a t e s an d
h o u s e s e a c h o f wh i c h h a s a n a m e o r ap p e l l at i on t h a t c a n d i st i n
,

gu i s h i t re a d i l y fro m an y o t h e r p l a c e i n t h e sa m e p a ri s h A fe w .

o f t h e n am e s o f th e v i l l a ge s e s t at e s an d h o u s e s i n t h i s p a rt i c u l a r
,

p a ri s h a re : A al bo rg aard B j e rg e n e B e n sk o v h u s D amg re n E l s
, , , ,

h av e F l ad bi rk F j e l d g aard Gy d e j e G al t ru p H e j se l t O rmh o l t R i s
, . . , , , , ,

Rav n s ho l t R av mo se Ro s e n d a l S kov e n S i l k e b o rg Sph o l t S t ra d e n

, , , . , , ,

S k av an g e T ry Tam st ru p Th o rsh yij Ty rre st ru p To ft e n V ra a

, , , , , , ,

V an g V raa ga a rd V an g k aer V a l s t e d e t c B y t h i s l i s t o f n a m e s
.
, , . .

i t w i l l b e s e e n h o w e a s y a n y m an s ge n e al og y c a n b e t rac e d s i m p l y ’

by re fe rri n g t o t h e p l a c e o i re s i d e n c e I n c a s e t h e re a re s e v e ra l
-

“ “
.

A n d re a s J e n s e n s i n t h e p a ri s h o f To r s l e v t h e re c o rd e r w i l l i n v ari a

“
,
.

bl y re c o rd t h e p l a c e o f re s i d e n c e i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e n a m e s u c h ,
” ”
a s A n d re a s J e n s e n o f D amg re n o r o f T ry o r o f Tam st ru p .
, ,
”
or o f V ra a or of H e j se l t
, etc , .

N i c k n a me s I t c an n o t b e d e n i e d th a t t h e s am e n e s s o f n a m e s
.

i n D e n m a rk o fte n g i v e o c c a s i o n fo r a m u s i n g a n d i n s o m e i n s ta n c e s , ,

o ff e n s i v e n i c k n am e s e sp e c i al l y i n v i l l age s c o n t ai n i n g o n l y a fe w
,

h u n d re d i n h ab i t a n t s w h e re p e op l e i n th e i r c l o s e a s s o c i a t i o n s t o
.

ge th e r o fte n c al l t h e i r n e i gh b o r s b y t h e i r fi r s t n a m e s S u c h a p p e l .
 “ “
DA N I S H NAM ES A N D GEN EA LO GY 26 5

“
l at i o n s as littl e Jen s
“ “ “
“
big Jen s
”
ol d J e n s wh i s t l i n g J e n s ”

“
. .
, .

” ” ”
j umping Jen s re d h a i re d J e n s
.
-
t h e gi rl s J e n s ( P i g ern e s ’

“
,

“
”
d
B l a c k J e n s ( i f h e h ap p e n s t o b e d a rk h a i re ) J e n s o f .

D
th e h i l l ( J e n s H aj) J e n s o f t h e v a l l ey (
,
”
al Jens J e n s of -

t h e wo o d s ( S k ov J e n s ) J e n s o f t h e p o n d ( J e n s
-
, etc .
,

a re n o t a t a l l u n c o m m o n .

T h e fo re go i n g p e rt a i n s m o s t l y t o t h e p e a s a n t ry o f D e n m a rk ;
t h e so c a l l e d u p p e r c l a s s e s u s e f am i l y n am e s t h e s a m e a s t h e ge n t ry
-

o f E n gl a n d a n d o t h e r E u rop e a n c o u n t r i e s M a n y o f t h e m o s t d i s .

t i n g u i sh e d D a n i s h fa m i l i e s c a n t ra c e t h e i r fa m i l y n a m e s b a c k 500
y e a r s an d i n a fe w i n s t a n c e s n e a rl y a t h o u s a n d y e a r s B u t i n m o s t
. .

o f t h e p a ri s h e s t h e ge n e a l og y o f t h e p e a s an t ry c a n b e t ra c e d b ac k
o n l y s o m e t wo o r t h re e h u n d re d y e a r s .

“
A b o u t s i xty y e a r s a go t h e m e t h o d o f n a m i n g t h e c h i l d re n o f
t h e D a n i s h p e a s a n t ry w a s c h a n ge d a n d i n s t ea d o f gi v i n g t h e c h i l d ,
” ”
h i s fat h e r s fi r s t n a m e w i th t h e a f fix s o n o r d at t e r f o r a s u r
’
. , ,

n a m e t h e so n a n d d au gh t e r p a rt o f i t w a s c h a n ge d t o s e n a n d
,
”
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m a d e t o a n s w e r f o r b o t h s ex e s S o n i s t h e o ri gi n a l a n d t h e re fo re
.

"
c o r re c t ap p e l l a t i o n a n d t h e s e n i s a c o rru p t i o n a d op t e d on l y i n
,

D e n m a rk a n d N o rw ay T h e S w e d i s h t h e I c e l an d e rs t h e E n gl i s h
.
, ,

a n d t h e S c ot c h h av e re t a i n e d t h e o ri gi n a l fo rm s o f t h e S c a n d i n a v i a n
n a m e s w h i c h w e re t ra n s p l a n t e d t o G re a t B ri ta i n a n d o t h e r c o u n t ri e s '

c e n t u ri e s a go a n d m a d e fa m i l y n a m e s t h e re ; an d i n c o u n t ri e s w h e re
s o m a n y o t h e r n a m e s p re d o m i n a t e t h e u s e o f s u c h fa m i l y n a m e s a s

“ “
,

A n d e r s o n H a n s o n P e t e r s on e t c c a n e a s i e r b e t o l e rat e d t h a n s i m
. . . .
,

i l ar n a m e s i n D e n m a rk a n d N o r wa y w h e re a m aj o ri t y o f t h e i n h ab
” ”
i t an t s c arrv n a m e s t e rm i n a t i n g w i t h s o n o r s e n .

“
D an i sh S u r n am e s T h e fo l l o w i n g i s c u l l e d
. an d t ra n s l a t e d fro m
”
K ra k s N av n ebo g p u b l i s h e d i n C op e n h age n
,
D e n m a rk i n l 912 , ,
'

T h i s v e r y ab l e a rt i c l e e n t i t l e d ”
O
u r S u rn a m e s i s w ri t t e n s t r i c t l y
, ,

f ro m t h e D an i s h v i e wp o i n t s t i l l w i t h a l l o wa n c e s fo r l o c a l i s m o n a l l
, .

s i d e s i n a ge n e ra l w av i t ap p l i e s a l s o t o S we d e n a n d N o rway
.

T h e o n l y n a m e s r e c ogn i z e d i n t h e o l d e n t i m e s i n S c a n d i n av i a
we re t h e g i v e n n am e s o f p e op l e a n d t h e a n c i e n t s i n th a t c o u n t ry
, ,

t h e re fo re, k n e w n ot h i n g o f s u rn a m e s I f t h e n u m b e r o f gi v e n .

n a m e s h a d b e e n u n l i m i t e d o r ra th e r i f i t h a d b e e n t h e c u s t o m t o
, ,

gi v e e v e r y n e w b o r n b a b e a n e w n a m e t h e n s u rn a m e s wo u l d p e r
-

h a p s n o t h av e b e e n a d op t e d ; b u t s u c h w a s n o t t h e c a s e N a m e s l i k e .

To k e a n d T o v e w e re q u i t e c o m m o n i n t h e ru n i c i n s c ri p t i o n s o f
D e n m a rk A ft e r t h e i n t ro d uc t i o n o f C h ri s t i a n i t y i n t o S c a n d i nav i a
.

a n u mbe r o f a p o s t ol i c a n d s a i n t s n a m e s b e c a m e m o re p o p u l a r th a n
.
’

al l o th e rs ; i n t h e f ro n t ra n k o f t h e s e w e re t h e n a m e s o f P e t e r N i e l s .

( N i c h o l a s ) A n d e r s A n d re a s ( A n d re w i n E n gl i s h ) a n d J oh a n n e s
. , , ,

to ge th e r w i t h t h e i r o f f s h o o t s am on g w h i c h J e n s a n d l at e r H a n s
.

( J o h n i n E n gl i s h ) b e c a m e t h e m o s t c o m m o n T h e n i t w a s t h a t a .

m o re d e fi n i t e d e s i gn a t i o n i n t h e s h ap e o f a n a d d i t i on t o t h e ba p
26 6 S U R N A M E B OO K .

t i sm al n am e b e ga n t o e v o l v e i t s e l f A s a p e rm a n e n t fa m i l y n a m e

*
.
,

t h é s u rn a m e i s c o m p a rat i v e l y n e w b u t t h e roo t o r fo u n d at i o n ,

t h e reo f c a n b e t ra c e d t o th e v e ry o l d e s t so u rc e s o f t h e S c a n d i n av i an
l an gua ge s
O n t h e i n s c ri p t i o n o n t h e go l d e n h o rn w h i c h i s s up p o s e d to ,

“
b e l o n g t o t h e fo u rt h c e n t u ry o f t h e C h r i s t i a n E ra t h e man w h o ,

m a d e t h e h o rn a d d s t o h i s p e r s o n al n a m e L aeg aest t h e w o rd H o l t i n g ,
”
w h i c h m e a n s H o l t e s ZE t l i n g ( H o l t e s d e s c e n d a n t ) S u c h a d d i ’
.

”
t i on s a s ing and
-
u n g w h i c h s i gn i fy d e s c e n t a re a l so fo u n d
-
, ,

l at e r o n s e v e ra l o f t h e ru n i c s t o n e s ; f o r i n s ta n c e C aro l i n g e r Cap a
, , ,

t i n ge r S k j o l d u n g e r V ¢ l su n g e r a n d i t i s c l a s s i fie d w i t h t h e fo rm s
, , ,

— ”
e n d i n g w i t h l i n g a s K y l l i n g ( c h i c k ) fro m K o k ( c h i c k e n ) G ae s
,
” ”
l i n g ( go sl i n g ) f ro m G a a s ( goo s e ) T h e s e e n d i n g s i n g a n d l i n g .
- -

w e s t i l l fi n d i n s e v e ra l fa m i l y n a m e s o f n o rt h e rn S c a n d i n av i a n a n d
G e rm an o ri gi n ; s u c h a s D y ri n g B e ri n g B e rl i n g e t c M o s t o f t h e
, , , .

S c a n d i n av i a n n am e s e n d i n g w i t h — ”
i n g an d l i n g h av e o ri gi n a t e d -

fro m th e n am e s o f p l a c e s ; s u c h a s G y l l i n g V i n d i n g e t c , ,
.

S i re N a m e s M u c h m o re c o m m o n t h a n t h e k i n d re d d e s i gn a
.

t i on s e n d i n g w i t h — ing an d ”
u n g o n t h e S c a n d i n av i a n ru n i c
-

st o n e sf ra re s i re n a m e s w h i c h c l a s s i f t h e i n d iv i d u a l a s s o n o r d au g h
y
t e r W e w i l l c i t e o n e i n st a n c e : A J u t l a n d ru n i c st o n e f ro m ab o u t
.

t h e y e a r 1000 A D w a s e re c t e d by S asg e rt F i n n u l v s D a t t e r ( S a s
. .
,

ge rt d a u gh t e r o f F i n n u l v ) a ft e r O d i n k ar H u sbj prn s So n ( O d i n k ar
, , ,

s on o f H u si i rn ) S u c h a d d i t i on s t o t h e gi v e n n a m e a re c o n t i n
.

u al l y u s e d fro m t h e o l d e s t t i m e s t o o u r o w n age I n the M iddle .

A ge s i t wa s m a i n l y t h e n ob i l i ty a n d l a t e r t h e c i t i z e n B o rge r ( B o u r
g o i si e ) a n d B o n d e ( p e a sa n t ) c l a s s e s w h i c h u s e d t h e s e n ( so n ) an d
-

—d at t e r d a u gh t e r n a m e s
( ) I n t h e o l d e n d ay s a s a t p re s e n t i t w a s
.
, ,

u s u al l y t h e fa t h e r s n am e w h i c h w a s u s e d Y e t t h e re a re c a s e s o n
’
.

’
re c o r d w h e re t h e m ot h e r s n a m e w a s a d op t e d ; a n i n s ta n c e o f t h i s
i s t h e n a m e o f S v e n E st ri d se n ; t h e ru n i c s to n e s a s w e l l a s l at e r
so u rc e s p rov e t h a t t h i s c u st o m ob t a i n e d A S l at e a s t h e n i n e t e e n th .

c e n t u ry c a s e s w e re k n o w n 0 11 ZE rp w h e re t h e so n t oo k t h e n a m e
o f h i s n i o t h ef e sp e c i al l y i f t h e m ot h e r h ap p e n e d t o b e a n o t ab l e o r
,

c ap ab l e wo m an a s fo r i n st a n c e M ari e se n M e t t e se n e tc O f s u c h
, , , , .

s u rn am e s i s B o d i l se n wh i c h i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e o ri gi n i s f ro m a
,

m ot h e r a n d n o t fro m a fat h e r .

”
D a n i s h se n n a m e s h av e t h e i r o ri gi n i n t h e v e ry o l d e s t p e ri o d
-

an d w e re a n d a re v e r y e xt e n s i v e l y u s e d ; y e t t h e y c a n n ot b e c l a s s i

*
fi e d a s re a l s u rn am e s s o l o n g a s t h e y c h an ge i n e a c h ge n e rat i o n w i th
’
t h e fat h e r s o r m ot h e r s gi v e n n a m e ’
.

T hi s i
an c e n t l
g o d en h o rn w it h r u n i c or l
h i e r o g y p h i c i n sc ri p ti o n s w a s
f o u n d i n o n e o f t h e S c an d i n av i an is h i ll s an d
, n o w i n t h e o l d N o r se u se u m M
i n C o p e n h ag e n
l l ll
.

TR u n i c st o n e s are m e m o ri a st o n e s p ac e d o ve r g r av e s an d o n t h e h i
I

si d e s T
h e se st o ri e s c o n t a i n bo t h h i st o ri c a an d i n d ivi d u a re c o r d s e n g rav e n l l
l
.

o n t h e ir so f t san d o r i me st o n e su r f a c e s .
26 8 SURN A M E B OOK .

( b e e tl e ) B re m s ( h o rn e t ) O rm ( w o rm ) ; n a m e s o f p l a n t s s u c h as
,

Po r s e ( s w e e t w i l l ow ) H u m l e ( h op s ) H av re ( o at s ) n a m e s o f t oo l s
, , ,

s u c h a s B o l t H a m m e r S t a n g ( c rowb a r ) K aep ( c a n e ) P i l ( a rro w )

, , , , ,

K ¢ l l e ( c l u b ) S k af t e ( h a n d l e ) B ra n d o r S v ae rd ( s wo rd ) P l o v
—
, , ,

( p l o w ),
B aa d ( b oa t ) a n d n u m e ro u s ot h e r n a m e wo rd s o f d i f f e re n t
k i n d s s u c h a s B e n ( b o n e ) H a a r ( h a i r ) S om m e r ( s u m m e r ) V i n te r
, , , ,

( w i n te r ) J u l ( C h ri s tm a s ) P a a s k e ( E a s te r ) F ro st e t c b e s i d e s
, , , , .
,

c o m m o n a d j e c t i v e s s u c h a s Ga m m e l ( o l d ) G ra a ( gray ) H v i d
, , ,

( w h i t e ) B ru n ( b ro w n ) G rpn ( gre e n ) R eid ( re d ) B l a c k ( b l ac k )

, , , , ,

M ork ( d a rk ) L an g ( t a l l ) Ra s k ( h e a l th y ) K l og ( w i se ) e t c F ro m
, , , , .

th e fo re go i n g i t i s e a s i l y s e e n h o w m a n y o f o u r fa m i l y n a m e s fo l l ow
t h e s a m e c u s t o m s a s o b t a i n e d i n o th e r E u rop e a n c o u n t ri e s .

P l ac e N ames S u rn a m e s t a k e n f ro m n e i gh b o rh o o d s o r d i s t r i c t s
.

o f c o u n t ry w e re u s e d i n t h e e a rl y d ay s ; a m o n g t h e m a re s u c h n a m e s
a s J yd e ( J u t l a n d e r ) H a rb o ( n at i v e o f H aarsy sse l ) a n d Sk aan i n g
, ,

n a t i v e o f S k n e ) ; a n d a m on g th e p e a s a n t ry w e s t i l l fi n d L ol l e
( a a
an d L ol l i k ( n a t i v e o f L o l l a n d ) Sk ag bo ( n at i v e o f S ka ge n ) H e l bo , ,

( n at i v e o f H e l g e nae s) an d m a n y o t h e
,
r s M a n y s u c h p l a c e n a m e s .

h a v e b e c o m e p e rm a n e n t fa m i l y n a m e s H o l s t a n d F ri s m e a n i n .

re a l i ty n a t i v e s of H ol st e i n an d F ri s l a n d D eh n ( Dan ish) come s .

f ro m S o u t h S c h l e sv i g an d H ol s t e i n S k o t t e ( n at i v e o f S c o t l an d ) , ,

Ton b o ( n at i v e o f T u n o) an d V e n d el bo ( n at i v e o f V e n d sy ssel )
, .

S u f fi x es an d A f fi x e s A s w i t h al l A n gl o S a x on s s o m e s u r
.
-

n a m e s w e re fo rm e d w i t h s u f fi xe s a n d a f fi x e s i n d i c a t i v e of re s i d e n c e .

T h u s P e r ( P e t e r ) v e d S kov e n ( P e r b y t h e w oo d s ) b e c a m e P e r
S kov ; S ore n f ra K ra t te t ( Spre n f ro m t h e b u s h ) b e c a m e S ore n
K ra t e t c
, .

P l a c e o r l a n d sc ap e n a m e s w h i c h h av e c o m e d o w n f ro m t h e
M i d d l e A ge s a re L u n d ( grov e ) D al ( d al e o r v a l l ey ) H o l m ( s m a l l , ,

i sl a n d ) T e rp ( h a m l e t ) B a l l e B a k ( h i l l ) K o l d H e d e ( h e at h e r )
, , , , , ,

D a m ( p on d ) K j ae r ( m e a d o w ) T v e d e ( p e n i n s u l a ) V a d ( fo r d ) H o l t
, , , ,

( wo o d ) K ra t o r K ra k ( b u s h ) e t c T h e n t h e re a re s u c h n am e s a s
, , .

G aard n av n e ( n a m e s o f e s t a te s ) Ost e rg aard ( e a s t fa rm ) K j aerg aard , ,

( m e a d o w fa rm ) Spl u n d ( s e a grov e ) ; t h e s e a re fre q u e n t l y u s e d

, ,

e s p e c i al l y i n J u t l an d an d i n n u m e ro u s i n st an c e s s u c h n a m e s h a v e
,

b e e n a dop t e d a s fa m i l y s u rn am e s B u t th e n a m e s o f v i l l age s a re .

hi se d o n l y t o a l i m i t e d ex t e n t a n d b y t h e p e op l e w h o s t i l l l i v e i n ,

t h e c o u n t ry d i s t ri c t s I t i s o n l y w h e n th e c o u n t ry p e op l e m ov e i n t o
.

c i t i e s t h a t t h e p l ac e n am e i s fa s t e n e d t o t h e m t h u s b e c o m i n g t ru e ,

s u rn a m e s T h e gre a t n u m b e r o f v i l l age s u rn a m e s n o w fo u n d a m o n g
.

t h e p e a sa n t ry i s d u e t h e re fo re t o t h i s c h an ge o f re s i d e n c e s u c h p e o ,

p l e b e i n g c al l e d a fte r th e v i l l age f ro m w h e n c e t h e y c o m e T h e b e t .

t e r e d u c at e d c l a s s e s i n o l d en t i m e s so m e t i m e s a d d e d t h e n a m e o f
t h e i r n at i v e to w n o r v i l l age t o th e i r ow n n a m e s a s i l l u s t rat e d b y
An d e r s Spre n se n V e d e l ( i e A n d e r s Spre n sen fro m V e d e l ) . .
, .

A l l t h e a d d i t i on s t o th e gi v e n n a m e s m e n t i on e d i n th e fo re go i n g
 DAN I SH NA M ES A N D GEN EA LO GY . 269

a re o f c o u rs e a n c i e n t l y p e r so n a l ap p e l l a t i o n s a tt ac h e d to a s i n gl e
, ,

i n d i v i d u al ; b u t b y t h e M i d d l e A ge s t h e y b e ga n t o a s s u m e t h e fo rm
o f p e rm a n e n t fa m i l y n am e s T h e fi r s t c l a s s o f so c i e ty wh i c h a do p te d
.

fa m i l y n a m e s i n S c a n d i n av i a w a s t h e n o b i l i ty ; a ft e r th e m c a m e t h e
l e a rn e d o r p ro fe s s i o n a l c l a s s e s ; t h e n c a m e t h e c i t i z e n ( B o rge r ) an d ,

l a s t c a m e t h e t ra d e s p e op l e a n d t h e p e a s a n t ry .

I n t h e M i d d l e A ge s t h e n o b l e m a n q u i t e fre q u e n t l y a dd e d h i s
fa t h e r s n a m e to h i s b ap t i s m a l n a m e s e n ( so n ) an d so m e t i m e s to
’

,
-
,

t h i s h e a t t a c h e d a n a d d i t i o n a l d e s c ri p t i v e n a m e T h u s aga i n .

t h ro u gh re p e t i t i o n a ft e r n a m e s b e ga n t o b e h e re d i t a ry B o D y re
-
.

i n th e t h i rt e e n t h c e n t u ry h a d a so n N i e l s B o s e n ; h i s s o n s n a m e wa s ’

aga i n B o D y re a n d t h i s n a m e w a s l a t e r rep e a t e d i n th a t fa m i l y A t
. .

t h e c l o s e o f t h e M i dd l e A ge s s e v e ra l n ob l e fa m i l i e s h a d a dop t e d
p e rm a n e n t n a m e s K i n g F re d e ri k I a t t h e t i m e o f t h e L u t h e r
.
,

Re fo rm a ti o n c o m m a n d e d a l l o f t h e n ob i l i ty t o a dop t p e rm an e n t
.

fa m i l y n a m e s wh e n t h e c u s to m b e c a m e q u i t e p op u l a r a n d n ob l e m e n
,

b e ga n t o w ri t e t h e i r n am e s w i t h o u t re fe re n c e t o t h e fa t h e r .

H eral d i c S u rn ame s I n t h e age o f c h i v a l ry t h e s h i e l d s o r a rm s

.

b e c a m e a n i m p o rt an t a dd i t i o n to n ob l e fa m i l y n a m e s Of these .

h e ra l d i c n a m e s m a y b e m e n t i o n e d B j ael k e ( b e a m ) Gj ed d e ( s p i k e ) , ,

O sk e ( ox ) a n d Sp a rre ( ra ft e r ) ; w h i l e Su c h n a m e s a s G ri f f en f e l d
,

a n d To rd e n sk j o l d a re fo rm e d a rt i fi c i al l y .

W i t h th e c u l t u re d c l a s s e s i t b e c a m e a c o m m o n p rac t i c e to a d op t
a l at i n i z e d fo rm o f t h e p e r so n a l o r o f t h e s u rn a m e an d w h e n s u c h ,

n a m e s w e r e a d d e d t o t h e o t h e r s a re c o n s t ru c t i o n o f s u rn a m e s w a s
n e c e s s a ry s u c h b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e n a m e o f t h e fa m i l y t h e n t h e
, ,

ho m e s t e a d t h e n t h e fa t h e r s n a m e a n d p e rh a p s a L a t i n n am e
,
’
,

a d d e d W h i l e n a m e s o f t h i s c l a s s a re v e ry fre q u e n t i n S w e d e n t o
.

d a y o n l y a fe w o f t h e m h av e b e co m e h e re d i t a ry fa m i l y n a m e s i n
,

D e n m a rk Fab e r a n d Fab ri c i u s a re d e ri v e d t h ro u gh t h e L a t i n fab e r

.

( s m i t h ) fro m t h e ol d a ft e r n a m e S m e d ( s m i t h ) P al u d an i s fo rm e d
-
.

o f t h e L a t i n p al u s w h i c h i s t h e s am e a s t h e D a n i s h Kj a
,
er ( m e a d o w )
i n th e s a m e m a n n e r t h e n a m e P o n to p p i d an m e a n s t h e m an f ro m
B rob y ( to wn by t h e b ri d ge ) ; a n d S i m i l a r t o t h i s w e fi n d L u n d b y
( t o w n b y t h e g rov e ) i n L u c o p p i d i an S¢ by ( to w n b y t h e s e a ) i n ,

L ac opp i d an a n d S ka ge n ( t h e S c a w ) i n S c av e n i u s
. Co l l i n i s f o rm e d .

fro m t h e L at i n c o l l i s ( a h i l l ) P e t ri P e u l l i a n d J a c ob i a re L a t i n
.
,

p o s s e s s i v e fo rm s : t h u s P e t e rs Po u l s J a c ob s ( s o n ) a n d s i gn i fy
, , ,

t h e re fo re s i m p l y P e t e r s e n P o u l s e n an d J ac ob s e n , . B j d rn se n i s .

fo u n d i n U r s i n B e rt e l s e n i n B a rth o l i n e tc
, ,
.

Fol l o w i n g t h e l e a d o f th e l e a rn e d c l a s s t h e p ro fe s s i o n a l c l a s s es,

a l s o a d op t e d t h e s u rn a m e h ab i t ; t h e n c a m e t h e m i dd l e c l a s s e s i n t h e
c i t i e s a n d fi n al l y t h e s u rn am e h ab i t s w e re a u g m e n t e d b y t h e gu i l d
,

i m m i gra t i o n i n t o D e n m a rk fro m G e rm a n y ; th u s t h e G e r m a n s u r
n a m e e xa m p l es n a t u ra l l y so l i d i fi e d t h e D a n i sh f am i l y s u rn a m e
c u s to m s .
270 S U RNA M E B OO K .

W e h av e i n D e n m a rk G e rm a n n a m e s o f al l k i n d s : N a m e s s i g
n i f yi n
g a v oc a t i o n s u c h a s K ru ge r ( i n n ke e p e r ) F i s c h e r ( fi s h e r
-
, ,

m an ) R i c h t e r B e c k e r S c h rpd e r ( t a i l o r ) K ra m e r ( p e d d l e r )
, , , , , ,

B o d t c h e r K a u fm a n n ( m e rc h an t ) ; s u rn a m e s s u c h a s H a h n W u l f f
, , , ,

S c h wa rt z ( b l a c k ) W e i s ( w h i t e ) ; ab b re v i at e d n a m e s s u c h a s
, ,

L u t k e n a n d VV i l l k e n o f L u d v i g ; to w n n a m e s s u c h a s Ro s to c k B e r ,

l i n ; a n d p e rs o n a l d e n o m i n at i o n s w h i c h h a v e gro w n o u t o f n a m e s
of p l ac e s s u c h as H a m b u rge r a n d K eh l et E n d i n g s s u c h a s m a n n
,
.
,
-

( m a n ,
—
) n e r e s t b a u m ( t re e ) b a n b o rn t h al ( d al e ) ga rt e n
,
-
,
-
,
-
,
-
,
-
,
-

( ga rd e n ) fe l t ( fi e l d ) d o r f f ( to w n ) h o f f ( c o u rt ) st e i n ( s to n e )
~ - - -

—
, , , , ,

m a rk ( fi e l d ) s t e d t ( p l a c e ) wa l d ( woo d ) e t c
,
-
s u gge s t n e a rl y ,
-

,
.
,

a l wa y s G e rm a n o ri gi n o r at l e a s t G e rm a n m o d i fi c a t i on s an d p e r , ,

h a p s i t c a n b e t ru t h fu l l y s a i d t h a t m o s t o f t h e D an i s h c i t i z e n b o u r
g o i s i e fa m i l y n a m e s a re o f G e rm a n o ri gi n .

A gro u p o f c i t i z e n fa m i l y n am e s wh i c h o ri gi n a l l y we re G e rm an ,

n a m e s of to wn s a n d v i l l age s w e re a m o n g th e Ge rm a n s u rn a m e s , .

Th u s t h e m a n y n a m e s e n d i n g w i t h ru p an d t ru p ( t o w n ) H oru p - -

, ,

H pst ru p b e rg ( m o u n t a i n ) ( V i b e rg ) b o rg ( fo rt i fi c at i o n ) ( A a l
-

by ( t o w n ) ( N o rd by ) —
,

bo rg ) — baek ( c re e k ) H o l b aek l u n d ( g ro v e ) -

s te d ( p l a c e ) N i st e d —
, , ,

F rpl u n d ,
-
l e v ( E r s l e v ) e t c w e re fo rm e d , , .
, .

Th e s e a re ex am p l e s o f goo d D a n i s h v i l l a ge n a m e s w h i c h a s fa m i l y ,

n am e s h av e ob t a i n e d fo r c e n t u ri e s i n G e rm a n fo rm W e h av e s u c h .

n am e s a s Sc h e i rn ( S ke rn ) Z e u t h e n ( Spv t e n ) L u x d o rp h ( Log , ,

st ru p ) e tc, .

B e s i d e s th e Ge rm a n n am e c a m e t h e D an i s h se n o r so n n a m e s ,
- -
.

w h i c h fo rm t h e t h i r d gre at g rou p o f th e c i t i z e n fa m i l y n a m e s S o .

m an y o f th e h i gh e r c i t i z e n c l a s s a d op t e d G e rm a n s u rn am e s a s fa m i l y
n a m e s t h at fo r a t i m e t h e al t e rn a t i n g —s e n o r —so n n am e s i n t h e
,

t o wn s w e re m o s t l y c on fi n e d t o t h e ge n e ra l p ub l i c Fi n al l y i n t h e .
,

e i gh te e n t h c e n tu ry th e m i d d l e c l a s s e s a l so c o m m e n c e d t o a d op t
,

p e rm an e n t fa m i l y n a m e s b u t t h e y d i d s o t o a gre at ex te n t i n s u c h ,

a m an n e r th at t h e i r s u rn am e s b e c a m e v o i d o f m e a n i n g an d c o n fu s
i n g t h rou gh o u t b e ca u s e of a d d i n g t h e — ,
Se n o r s on n a m e s t o a l l -

t h e i r oth e r s u rn a m e s Fo rm e rl y t h e s o n o f S ore n J e sp e r s e n w a s
.

n a m e d Ty g e Spre n se n ; t h e n h e w a s n a m e d Tyg e J e s p e r s e n W h e n .

th e p e a s a n t r y i n d u c e d th e r e t o by t h e p ri e s t s a d op t e d t h o s e p e rm a
, ,

n e n t s e n o r —s o n n am e s t h e s e fo rm s t oo k th e p re c e d e n c e o f al l th e
-

o th e r fo rm s o f s u rn am e s .

S u r n ame s A m o n g t h e P e asa n tr y T h e p e a s an t w a s d e s i gn at e d .

i n t h e M i d d l e A ge s by h i s gi v e n n am e an d o ft e n w i th t h e n a m e o f ,

h i s h o m e s t e a d a d d e d W h i l e H e rr Tyg e N i e l s e n a s a ru l e wo u l d
.

po s e a s a n ob l e m a n N i e l s i n V i b y wo u l d s i m p l y m e an a p e a s a n t
,

fro m V ib y N am e s o f c h a rac te ri st i c s i gn i fi c at io n c ou l d o n t h e
.

o t h e r h an d b e at t a c h e d t o t h e n a m e o f t h e n ob l e m a n a s we l l a s t h e
p e a sa n t W h e n i n th e M i d d l e A ge s t h e n ob i l i t y gav e u p t h e —
.
,
se n .

or -
s on n a m e s th e c u sto m sp re ad d o wn t h ro u gh al l c l a s s e s a n d
,
272 SURNA M E B O O K .

t h e s o u rc e s a re p l e n t i fu l a n d e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e s t u d e n t o f
e n e al ogy W h i l st s t i l l i n m a n p l a c e s a b ro a d — t o t h e g re a t d et ri
g .
y
m e n t o f ge n e al ogi c a l re s e a rc h — t h e m at e ri al s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
a rc h i v e s a re fo u n d d i st ri b u t e d a m o n g v a ri o u s o f fi c i al s w h e re t h e y
a re l i k e l y t o b e exp o s e d t o d e fa c e m e n t an d d an ge r f ro m fi re w e ,

c a n t h an k M r A D J orge n s e n fro m S o u t h J u t l a n d f o r t wo m a i n
. . .

so u rc e s fro m w h i c h on e ca n d ra w i f on e i s i n s e a rc h o f i n fo rm a t i o n
ab o u t on e s a n c e s to r s ; i n c h u rc h re gi s t e r s a n d i n th e re c o rd s o f
’

s e t t l e m e n t s o f e s t at e i n D e n m a rk t h e s e b e i n g c on c e n t ra t e d i n t h re e
.

n at i o n al a rc h i v e s ( o n e fo r J u t l an d o n e f o r F u n e n a n d o n e f o r S e a
. .

l a n d w i t h L ol l an d Fa l st e r a n d B o rn h ol m ) w h e re th e y a re at t h e
-

f re e d i sp o s al o f t h e p u b l i c .

I n o rd e r t o b e ab l e t o u t i l i z e t h e s e a rc h i v e s t o t h e i r fu l l e s t

“
a dv a n t age i t i s on l y n e c e ssarv th a t on e h a s som e p ra c t i c e i n d e c i
p h e ri n g s c ri p t s .

I n a d d i t i o n to t h e s e m a i n so u rc e s th e c h u rc h re gi st e r s i n . .

w h i c h a re t o b e fo u n d t h e re c o rd s o f o u r a n c e st o rs c h ri st e n i n g s ’

m a rri age s an d d e a th s an d t o t h e re gi st e r s o f e s t at e s wh i c h c o n t a i n
. .

i n fo rm at i o n o f t h e i r b e q u e s t s an d h e i r s t h e re a re o f c o u r s e m an y .
. .

ot h e r so u rc e s t o fal l b ac k u p o n e g c e n s u s a n d c e n s u s l i st s ( i n t h e
, . .
.

l a s t m e n t i o n e d t h e p l ac e s o f b i rt h h a v e b e e n gi v e n s i n c e t ra d e
l i c e n s e s al so u s u al l y i n d i c a t i n g p l ac e o f b i rt h ( i n ol d e n t i m e s h o w
, ,

e v e r o fte n o n l y m e n t i o n i n g t h e c o u n t ry o r t h a t p a rt o f th e c o u n t ry
.

t o w h i c h t h e p e r s o n i n q u e st i o n b e l on ge d ) re gi st e r s o f l e gal d e

“
.

c i si o n s ,
l e tt e r s p at e n t an d c on c e s s i o n s t oge t h e r w i t h s t a t u t o r y ,

re c o rd s s

Th e c h u rc h re gi st e r s we re p u t i n t o fo rc e by l a w i n D e n m a rk
i n t h e y e a r s 1645 46 O n l y a fe w h o w e v e r go s o fa r b ac k ; p a rtl y
-

“
. . .

t h e ru l e s w e re n o t a d h e re d t o e v e r y wh e re an d p a rtl y so m e o f t h e
re gi s t e r s w e re t h e v i c t i m s o f u n fo rt u n at e c i rc u m sta n c e s .

I t wa s on l y a ft e r 1814 wh e n d u p l i c at e s w e re i n t rod u c e d th at
.

“
.
'

on e c ou l d d ep e n d u p o n th e ex i s t e n c e o f c h u rc h re gi st e r s fro m a l l
p a ri sh e s .

Th e ex a m i n a t i o n o f e st a t e re gi s t e r s i s l e s s e a s y th e e st a t e d e .

p art me n t s i n fo rm e r t i m e s h av i n g b e e n c on t rol l e d by v a ri o u s au
t h o ri t i e s M i l i t a ry a n d e c c l e s i a st i c a l e a c h h a d t h e i r o w n e st at e
.

d e p a rt m e n t a n d t h e t o wn t h e i r s ; i n t h e c o u n t r y th e l a n d e d p ro
p ri e t o rs b e l on g t o th e c o u n t y s h e ri ff s j u ri s d i c t i on a n d t h e l a rge
’

m aj o ri t y o f p e a s an t s t h e l e a s e h ol d e rs m ay c a u s e e sp e c i a l d i f fi c u l
. .

t i e s a s e a c h l an d e d p rop ri e to r s e t t l e d h i s p e a sa n t s e s ta t e s h i m s e l f
,
’
.

A s a n e s t at e m i gh t p o s se s s p e a s an t —o wn e d p rop e rt y i n v a ri o u s p a rt s
o f th e c o u n t r y i t i s n o t al w a y s e a s y t o fi n d w h e re s u c h a n e s t at e
.

c a n b e l oc a t e d .

A s i n m o st o t h e r c ou n t ri e s D e n m a rk h a s i t s b i ograp h i c a l d i c
.

t i o n ari e s ( a l s o i n c l u d i n g N o r wa
y fro m 1537 t o 1814) i n wh i c h al l
p e rs on age s wh o h av e d i st i n gu i sh e d t h e m s e l v e s bv d e e d s e i th e r ,
 DA N I S H NA M ES A N D G E N EA LO GY . 273

g o o d o r e v i l a re e n u m e ra t e d T h e re a re b e s i d e s t h i s a f e w o l d e r
,
.

wo rk s on t h e D a n i s h n ob i l i t y a sp l e n d i d m a t e ri a l i n a l o n g ro w o f
D e n m a r k 5 l\ o bi l i t y A n n u a l — wh i c h h a v e b e e n
‘
st at e l 1 1 o l u m e s o f
’ ’

p u b l i s h e d 1 e a rl y s i n c e 1884 Amo n g ot h e r l i s t s o f p e d i gre e s m ay .

be m e n t i one d G j e s si n g s J u be l l are re ( b i og rap h i e s an d p e d i g re e s

’

o f D an e s N o r11 e g i an s a n d I c e l a n d e r s w h o h a v e c e l e b ra t e d t h e i r
, b
‘
fi ft y 1 ea r s j u bi l e e o f o f fi c e ) ; L e n g n i c k s n u m e ro u s b u t rat h e r u n
’ ’

re l i a b l e ge n e a l ogi e s o f n o b l e a n d p l e b e i a n fa m i l i e s ( t h e l a t t e r p re
‘ ‘
p o n d e ra t i n g ) ; P at ri c i a n Fa m i l i e s a n d Fa m i l y H a n d b o o k ( s u p p l e ’ ’

‘
m e n t to G e n e a l o gi c a l
A S re ga rd s w o rk s o f re fe re n c e d e a l i n g w i t h i n d i v i d u a l p e r s on s
we h a v e i n D e n m a rk a fa i rl y goo d n u m b e r o f re l i ab l e wo rk s d e a l i n g
w i t h a l m o s t e v e ry p r o fe s s i o n s u c h a s t h e c l e rgy t e a c h e r s d oc to rs . , . .

l a w y e r s m i l i t a r y p e r s on s a u t h o r s a rt i s t s p o l i t i c i a n s e t c w h o
. . . . , ,

h av e a l l h a d t h e i r b i o g ra p h e r s s o t h a t i t i s c o m p a rat i v e l y e a s y to ,

t ra c e a m a n wh o w o u l d n o t b e i n c l u d e d a m o n g t h e p e a s a n t o r c i t i z e n
”
clas ses .

we h a v e c op i e d th e fo l l o w i n g t ab l e s fro m t h a t e xc e e d i n gl y ra re
“
a n d fa m o u s o l d b o o k p u b l i s h e d i n 1732 by J a m e s A n d e r s o n D D
i n L o n d o n an d c a l l e d Ro y a l G e n e a l ogi e s : o r G e n e a l ogi c al T ab l e s
,
, . .
,

o f E m p e ro r s K i n gs a n d P ri n c e s fro m A d a m to t h e s e T i m e s
,
This . .

re c o rd fo rm s t h e fo u n d at i o n o f a l l s u b s e q u e n t s t u d y i n p e d i gre e s .

an d a l t h o u g h s o m e w h a t u n c e rt a i n i f n o t i n c re d i b l e i n p l ac e s y e t .

t h e a u t h o r fra n k l y s t a te s h i s so u rc e s o f i n fo rm a t i o n an d l e av e s th e
re a d e r t o m a k e h i s o w n c o n c l u s i o n s G e n ea l ogi s t s h av e c ro s s e d t h e .

c o n t i n e n t t o v i e w t h i s bo o k a s t h e re a re b u t o n e o r t wo c o p i e s i n .

t h e U n i t e d S tat e s T h e U ta h Ge n e a l o gi c a l L i b ra r y i s fo rt u n at e i n
.

it s pos se ss ion of on e .

A l l t h e B i b l e c h ro n ol o gi c a l p e d i g re e s a re h e re i n gi v e n ; p e d i gre e s
o f t h e ru l e r s o f M e d i a P e r s i a G re e c e Ro m e E g y p t S y ri a D a m a s
. .
, .
, .

c u s G e rm an i i C ze sars Pop e s o f Ro m e G re e k s S a ra c e n s A r m e n i a
. . . . . . .

Ch i n a J ap a n M o n go l s E t h iop i a M o roc c o M ex i c o P e ru H u n ga ry
. . . . .
, , ,

A u s t ri a Po l a n d D e n m a rk N o rwa y S we d e n Ge rm a n y S a xo n y
.
,
. , .
, ,

B o h e m i a P r us s i a E n gl a n d H o l l a n d F ra n c e G e n e v a V e n i c e S c ot
. . .
, .
, ,

l a n d I re l a n d : w i t h m a n y l e s s e r p r i n c ip a l i t i e s an d d u c h i e s
. .

T h e re are 115 o f t h e K i n g s o f D e n m a rk n a m e d i n t h e s e t ab l e s .

b e gi n n i n g w i t h D an u s I A M 2964 b e fo re Ch ri s t 1040 a n d e n d . . .
, .

i n g w i t h F re d e ri c k I V t h e e l d e s t s o n o f C h ri s t i a n V w h o wa s
.
,

c ro w n e d K i n g o f D e n m a rk A p ri l 15 1700 . . .

A n I n tro d u c ti o n t o th i s Ta b l e of th e R o y al D a n e s .

T h e D a n e s o f C i m b ri a re s u p p o s e d t o b e t h e p ro ge n y o f Go m e r .

t h e e l d e s t so n o f Ja p h e t h t h a t s e t t l e d fi r s t n e a r t h e S t ra i t b e t w e e n
.

t h e E u x i n e S e a a n d t h e P a l u s M e o t i s w h e re i s t h e B o sp h o ru s C i m .

m e ri c u s o f Pt o l e m y s o c a l l e d fro m t h e C i mme ri i w h o b y c o n t rae

. .

t i o n w e re c a l l e d C i m b r i .
274 S U RNA M E B OO K .

Th e C i mbzi ” We i n t i m e ex p e l l e d by t h e S c y t h i an s an d wa n
‘

d e ri n g w e s t w ard i n t o E u ro p e a ft e r l o n g t rav e l s a rr iv e d at t h i s ,

G h e rso n e su s c a l l e d fro m th e m C i m b ri c a ; a n d t h e D a n e s c a l l e d by
. .
,

P to l e m y D au c i o n e s a n d G u tae soo n i n v a d e d th at p a rt of t h i s p e n i n ,

s u l a c a l l e d fro m th e m J u t l a n d t o t h i s d ay a n d m ix i n g w i t h t h e
, , ,

Ci m b ri b e c a m e o n e n a t i o n c a l l e d by th e a n c i e n t s A l l C i mbri i n
'

ge n e ra l B u t b e i n g e n c ro ac h e d u p o n b y a n i n u n d a t io n o f th e s e a
.
,

t h e y p e t i t i o n e d t h e R om an s fo r a s e tt l e m e n t i n t h e i r d om i n io n s an d ,

t h e R o m a n s n e gl e c t i n g th e m t h e C i mbri an s j o i n e d t h e ol d G e rm an . ,

n a t i on s aga i n st Ro m e a n d by t h e i r s wo rd t h re e Ro m a n c o n s u l s
.
.

we re d e fe a t e d v i z M a n i l i u s S y l l an u s an d C e p i o : n ay t h e Ro m a n
. .
, , ,

R ep ub l i c w a s i n g re a t d an ge r o f b e i n g ov e rru n a n d t h e re fo re s t y l e d ,

t h e t h i rd fo u n d e r o f Ro m e .

TH E OLD H EA T H E N K I N G S O F D E N M A R K A C C O R D I N G ,

T O T H E D A N I S H H I ST O R I A N S .

K i n g s b e fo re C h ri st .

D an u s I w a s t h e fi rs t K i n g o f D e n m a rk A M 296 4 B e fo re , . .
,

C h i i st 1040 w h i c h wa s t h e 8t h y e a r o f t h e re i g n o f D av i d K i n g
, ,

o f I s ra e l t h e 45t h o f h i s ag e
,
a ft e r t h e F ro bu s 411 a ft e r th e b . ,

In g re f s D a n u s a ft e r h e h a d re i gn e d 41 y e a rs A M 3005
. .
. . .

H u mbu s wa s K i n g 3005 8 G u t h o rmu s w a s K i n g 3172

30 13 .
3 186.

L o t h e ru s wa s K i n g 30 13 9
. H ad i n g u s 3186 3240 -
.

3030 10 F ro t h o I 3240— 3317

H al d a n u s I 3317—
.
.
. .

B og h i u s wa s K i n g 3030 11
. 3373 ,
.

3035 .
12
. Rh o e 3373—3436
. .

Sc i ol d u s wa s King 3035 13
. H al g o 3376 3400 w i th
.
-
his
3 115 . b ro t h e r .

G ra m o r G ra n 3115 re i g i i
. , ,
14
. R o l v o A M 3436 3477
. . .
-
.

e d 3 1 w a s s l a i n i n b a t t l e by l
,
H o t h e ru s K i n g o f D e n m a rk
.

S u i bd ag e ru s ; h e w a s d e an d S w e d e n 3477 3519 ,
-
.

gra d e d by S u i bd ag e ru s 16 .
. Ro ri c S l y n g e ban d 3519 356 8 .
-
.

K i n g o f N o rw a y K i n g o f 17 .
. 356 8—36 16 .

N o rway A M 3146
,
18 , , ,
. G u i t al c h u s 36 16 36 48 ,
-
.

VV i v e s ( l ) C ro a a S we d e ; 19
.
. V e rm u n d u s 36 48 3709 ,
-
.

( 2) S i gn e o f F i n l a n d 20 .
. U f f o 3709 3828
.
-
.

S u i bd ag e ro u s K i n g o f 21 .
. D a n u s I I 3739 3776 .
-
.

D e n m a rk S w e d e n a n d N o r 22 .
. H u g l e t u s 3776 —3828 . .

w ay w h o by fo rc e m a rri e d 23
.
. F ro t h o I I th e S t ron g 3828 .

G ran s d au gh t e r an d c o i i
’
.
3858 .

q u e re d D e n m a rk w h e re o f 24 _
. D a n u s III 3858 3927 .
-
.

h e wa s m a d e K i n g 3146 F ri d l e v u s I t h e S w i ft 3927 ,

3186 .
396 4.
276 SURNA M E B OO K .

T H E H EA T H E N K I N G S OF D EN MARK .

K i n g s aft e r C h ri s t .

P ro t h o I I I t h e P a c i fi c 396 4 , S i v al d u s I,
155 177 -
.

40 18 w h i c h i s A D 15
'

, . . . S i ga f u s ,
177 190 -
.

H i ar u s
n a Po e t A D 19—21 , . .
‘
S i v al d u s I , 190 201 -
.

F ri d l e v u s I I A D 21 , . . H al d an u s I I I .

P ro th o I V t h e L i b e ral A ,
. H aral d u s I I I , H i l l e t an d o r
D 33 79 .
-
. H i l d e ran d 26 1 350 ,
-
.

In g e l l u s VV e n d e mo t h i u s A ,
O l a u s I I , V e g et u s, 327 341 -
.

D 79 102 .
-
. O s m u n d 331 341 ,
-
.

O l a u s I 102 112 ,
-
. S i v ard u s I 341 350 ,
-
.

H aral d u s I 112 117 ,

-
. B u t h l u s 350 351
,
-
.

P ro th o V 112 131 -

J arme ri c u s, 351 36 7 -

B ro d e ru s 36 7—
. .
,

H aral d u s I I 131 141 ,

-
. 36 9
,
.

H al d an u s I I 131 146 ,
-
.

A ft e r t h e s e t h e re w e re 23 m o re H e a t h e n K i n g s o f D e n m a rk .

T h u s f ro m t h e fi r s t y e a r o f D a n u s I t o t h e fi r s t y e a r o f th e re i gn o f
,

E r i c I D e n m a rk wa s gov e rn e d by H ea th e n K i n g s f o r th e s p a c e
,

of years .

TH E KI NGS OF N O RW A Y .

T h e N o rwe gi a n s w e re fi r s t kn o w n i n t h e t i m e o f P to l e m y by ,

t h e n a m e o f C h e d i n i a n d t h e n p o s se s s e d t h e we s te rn p a rt o f S c a n
.

d i a B u t u n i t i n g w i t h t h e i r n e i gh b o r s t h e D a n e s a n d S we d e s t h ey
.
,

we re i n t h e fl o u ri s h i n g t i m e o f t h e F re n c h E m p e ro r s b e t t e r k n o wn
’

, ,

by th e n a m e o f N o rm an s O f the se we have only the name s of th e .

m o s t an c i e n t k i n g s :

G u ma rau s .

O sm un d I .

Olau s I .

Osmund II .

A l i t tl e a ft e r h i s t i m e v i z , .
,

A D 800 t h e N o rm a n s w e re
. .
,

fam o u s f o r t h e i r i rrup t i o n s .

A q u i n u s t h e l ast m e n t i on e d
,

b e fo re H a ral d I .

B u t o t h e r a u t h o r s on l y m e n t i on t h e fol l ow i n g k i n g s b e fo re
H a ral d I '
 N O R \ V E G IA N N A M E S A N D G E N EA L O G Y . 277

G ot h o 790 A D w i t h G o t
,
. . ru l e d ove r N o rw ay f ro m
t e ri c t h e 6 l st K i n g o f D e n 820 827-
.

m a rk .
5 . B i o rn u s IV , K i n g Sweden of ,

S i w a rd D u k e o f N o rway ,
w a s re m ov e d b y h i s fa t h e r
A D 793
. . . o u t o f S w e d e n t o N o rw ay A .

P rot h o K i n g o f S we d e n
, ,
D 824 O t h e rs s ay 827 845
. .
-
.

ru l e d i n N o rw a y f ro m 816 6 . H a d i n g u s 845 857 ,

-
.

827 .
7 . W e l an d u s o r W i l l i a m , 857
R e gn e r K i n g ,
of D e n m a rk ,
877 .

F ro m H a ra l d 1 , or H aral d u s I , th e l i s t fo l l o w s :

H a ral I s u rn a m e d H a r
du s ,
12 . M agn u s I I 1066 106 9 ,
-
.

s a ge r fi r s t K i n g o f N o r
,
13 . O l a u s I I I K yrre 106 7 1093 , ,
-
.

w ay , 86 8 929 o r 931 O t h e rs -
.
14 . M agn u s III s u rn a m e d ,

s ay h e b e ga n 878 . N u d i p e s o r B a re foo t 1093 ,

E ri c I B l o d o ex e 929 o r
, ,
1105 o r 1103 H i s 3 son s .

935 936-
or 942 . re i gn e d t o ge t h e r c o t e m
H a c o o r H aq u i f n u s 1 s u r , p o rary w i t h o n e a n ot h e r .

n a m e d A d e l s t e i n 936 o r ,
15 . O st e n u s I 1103 1123 ,
-
.

93 1 96 1 re i gn e d 25 y e a r s
-

,
. 16 . S i v ard u s I 1103 1131 ,
-
.

H aral d u s I I G ra fe l d 96 9 o r , ,
17 . O l a u s I V 1103 1117 ,
-
.

959 re i gn e d 15 y e a r s
,
.
18 . M agn u s I V s u rn a m e d th e ,

H a go o r H aq u i n u s I I s u r , B l i n d s u c c e e d e d up o n h i s
,
’
n a m e d d e l a J arl u s an d M a fat h e r s d e at h 1131 1136 ,
-
.

l u z 976 o r 974 973 o r 976

,
-
. 19 . H aral d u s IV Gyl l e, 1131 1137 ,
-
.

O l a u s I s u rn a m e d T ru c c o
,
H i s 3 s o n s re ig n e d w i t h o n e
or Tryg oo ,
993 or 996 ,
a n o th e r .

re i gn e d 5 y e a r s .
20 . S i v ard u s
I I 1137 1155 ,
-
.

S u e n o I o r S w e n O t to K i n g ,
21 . I n go I c a l l e d C roo k b a c k -
.

o f D e n m a rk S ub d u e d O l a u s 1137 116 2 -
. .

I o f N o rw ay A D 998 o r . .
~
22 . I I 1137—
O st e n d u s 1157 , .

1000 R e i gn e d i n N o rway
.
23 . M agn u s V E rl i n g so n .
,
116 2
15 y e a r s . 1178 .

O l a u s II t h e F at c a11e d t h e 24 S e v e ru s 1178 1202 -

S a i n t D i av e 1015—
.

H aq u i n u s I I I 1202—
, , , .

1030 ,
. 25 .
1204 , .

S u e n o I I K i n g o f N o rwa y ,
26 . I n go I I B aarso n 1205—1217 , , .

1031 w a s b a n i s h e d 1034
,
H aq u i n u s I V , H a ge n s o n o r
1036 S e e t h e re st o f t h i s
. A c h o , 1217 126 5 T h i s H a -
.

fam i l y i n D a n i s h t ab l e o f q u i n u s co n t e n d e d w i t h A l ex
E n gl an d . an d e r I I I o f S c o t l a n d ab o u t
M ag nu s I t h e G oo d w a s , t h e I s l e s b u t wa s d e fea t e d
,

K i n g o f N o rw a y 1034 o f ,
by t h e S c o t s .

D e n m a rk 1042 1048 ,
-
.
28 . M a gn u s V I L ag ebe tt e r 126 3 ,

H aral d u s III su rn ame d th e .

1281 M a d e p e a c e w i th A l ex
.
.

H a r d y w a s K i n g 1048 i n
, , I I I an d con sented to del i ve r
E n gl an d 106 6 R e i gn e d 19 . t h e ZE bu d a I s l a n d s t o h i m
ye a r s . R e i gn e d 19 y e a r s .
278 S U R N A M E B OO K .

29 . E ri c I I ,
128 1 1299 -
. 1380 a n d b e fo r e h i s m ot h e r
30 H aq u i n u s V
’

1299 or 1298
1387 ' A fte r h 1 s d e at h N 0 1 "

,
w ay b e c a m e s u b j e c t t o t h e
.

1319 ,

K i n g o f D e n m a rk
M agn u s Schm eck VII
.

31 33 M a rga re t c a l l e d t h e S e m i
.
.

,
Re i gn e d i n N o rwa y an d c a m i s o f t h e s e n o rt h e rn
Sw ed en 25 Ye a r s
c o u n t ri e s A D 1396 an d , . .

32 . H aq u i n V I l a st .Ki n g of Nor 1398 .B e c am e Q u e e n o f t h e

wa y ,
s u c c e e d e d h i s fa t h e r 3 N o rt h e n c o u n t ri e s .

TH E O LD KI NGS O F TO TH E UN ION OF TH E
T H R E E N O RT H E R N C R O \ V N S .

T h e Sw e d i sh h i s to ri a n s h av e b e e n a t p a i n s to s h o w t h e wo rl d
t h a t n o k i n gdo m i n E u rop e c a n b e c o m p a re d w i t h t h e i r s f o r an
t i q u i ty w h i c h k i n g d o m t h e \ say w a s s oo n e r i n h ab i t e d t h a n a n y
.

ot h e r an d th e H i st o ri a n B e rt i u s g i x e s u s t h e fol l o w i n g s e ri e s o f
.

their kings :
N O A H —J A P H E TH .

K i n g s b e fo re Ch ri st .

M agog w i t h h i s fa m i l y fi r s t took p o s s e s s i on o f S u e c i a o r S we d ,

l a n d G o t h l an d A M 1744 a ft e r t h e Fl oo d 88 y e a rs be
, . . .
.
,

fo re t h e fi r st d i sp e r s i o n f ro m S h i n a r 66 y e a r s an d t h e re fo re i t ,

i s j u s t l y re j e c t e d a s a v a i n b oa st i n g i l l tol d ; fo r a l l n at i on s
d i s p e r s e d fro m Sh i n a r H e re i gn e d 1744—
.

1787 A M
. T h e fol , . .

l ow i n g d a t e s a re A n n o M u n d i ( y e a r o f th e wo rl d ) t o E ri c I I I .

S u e v u s o r S w e n o 17 8 7— 18 4 3 18 S i g t au g o r S i c h t i u g 2
.
75 8 . .
.

G e t h a r I o r Gog 1843— 1903 . 279 1 . .

Ub t h e B u i l d e r O f U P S 3 1 19 S c a ri n t i m e u n c e rt a i n ~
. .
.

70 S u i bd ag e r K i n g of N o rw a y
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,

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.

D a n e s A M 26 73
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,

w h e n i s u n c e rt ai n ki n g s
.
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 C H A PT E R X X I X .

A M E R IC A N S U R N A M E S .

T h e o ri gi n al a n d ge n u i n e A m e ri c an s a re t h e d e s c e n d a n t s of
J a re d a n d h i s b rot h e r a l so l a t e r o f L e h i an d o f N e p h i h i s so n w h o
, ,

s e ttl e d th i s c o u n t r y an d i t i s t o t h e i r re c o rd s c o n t a i n e d i n w h a t we
, ,

c a l l t h e B ook o f M o rm o n t h a t w e m u s t l oo k fo r t h e ge n e a l ogi e s
.
,

wh i c h a re p re se rv e d by t h e ab o ri gi n e s o f A m e ri c a T h e y w e re v e r y .

c a re fu l c o n c e rn i n g th e i r re c o rd k e e p i n g b ot h i n h i s to r y re l igi on
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, ,

a n d ge n e al og y W e d o n o t h av e th e e xt e n d e d ge n e al ogi c al i n fo rm a
.

t i on h ow e v e r w h i c h wo u l d b e o u r s i f w e h a d t h e fi r s t 116 p age s
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t ra n s l at e d by t h e P rop h e t Jo s e p h S m i t h o f t h i s a n c i e n t p e op l e ;
,

t h o s e p age s w e re s to l e n a n d l o s t W e a re t o l d b y N e p h i t h a t th e
.

p l a te s o f b ra s s t ak e n f ro m L ab a n an d b ro u gh t by h i m t o t h i s p e o
.

p l e c on t a i n e d a ge n e a l og y o f L e h i s fo re fath e rs b ac k to A d a m I n
,
’
.

t h e s m a l l e r p l a t e s w h i c h we n o w h av e 11 e sa y s i n I N e p h i i n th e
, ,

s ixt h c h ap t e r a n d fi r s t v e r s e t h a t h e d o e s n ot gi v e th e ge n e al ogy
o f h i s fat h e r s i n t h o s e s m al l e r p l at e s .

T h e p eop l e w h o c am e ov e r w i t h M u l e k e l e v e n y e a r s l at e r ,

al t h o u gh t h e y h a d n o re c o rd s o f t h e S c ri p t u re s s t i l l p re s e rv e d th e i r ,

p e d i gre e s a s i s ev i d e n c e d i n t h e B ook of O m n i v e rs e e i gh t e e n
, , ,

w h e re w e a re tol d th at Z arah e m l a gav e t h e ge n e al og y o f h i s fa th e r s

to M o si ah Z arah e ml a h i m s e l f wa s a d e s c e n d an t of M u l e k t h e
.
,

i n fa n t so n o f Z e d e ki ah k i n g o f J u d ah w h o w a s p re se rv e d wh e n
. .

t h e re s t o f h i s b rot h e r s w e re s l a i n ( I I K i n g s 25) by t h e k i n g o f
B aby l on E l ev e n y ea r s a ft e r L e h i l e ft J e ru s al e m th e L o rd l e d
.
.

a n o th e r c ol on y f rom t h at c i t y t o A m e ri c a am on g wh o m w a s M u l e k
,
.

A l m a re fe r s t o t h e l a rge r p l a t e s o f N e p h i wh i c h c o n ta i n e d t h e .

ge n e al og y o f h i s o w n fo re fat h e r s i n A l m a t h e t h i rt y—s ev en t h c h a p
. .

te r an d t h i rd v e r se .

W e fi n d i n t h e B ook of E t h e r t h e fol l ow i n g p e d ig re e
of t h e d i re c t l i n e fro m J a re d t o C o ri an t u m r wh o w a s d i s c o v e re d by .

th e p eop l e of Z a rah e ml a a n d h i s re c o rd fi n al l y t ran s l at e d an d i n

c l u d e d i n t h e c h ap t e r s w h i c h a re c al l e d th e B ook o f E th e r T h e .

tabl e fo l l o w s :

K i b w a s t h e s on o f O ri h ah w h o w a s th e so n o f J a re d ;
,

S h u l e w a s th e s on of K i b ;
O m e r wa s th e so n o f S h u l e ;
E m e r w a s t h e s o n of O m e r ;
C o ri an t u m w a s t h e so n o f E m e r :
C o m wa s th e so n o f C o ri an t u m ;
H e t h wa s t h e so n o f C o m ;
 A M E R I CA N S U R N A M E S . 28 1

8 . A n d S h e z w a s th e so n o f H e th ;
9 . A n d R i p l ak i sh wa s t h e s on o f S h e z ;
10 . A n d M o ri an to n wa s a d e s c e n d a n t o f R i p l ak i sh ;
11 . A n d K i m w a s t h e so n o f M o ri an t o n ;
12 . A n d L ev i w a s t h e so n o f K i m :

13 . A n d Co ru m w as t h e so n o f L e v 1 ;
14 . A n d K i s h w a s t h e so n o f Co ru m ;
15 . A n d L i b w a s th e so n o f K i s h °

16 . H e art h o m wa s t h e so n o f L i b ;
.

17 . A n d A a ro n wa s a d e s c e n d an t of H e t h w h o wa s th e
IIe a rt h o m ;
18 . A n d A m n i g ad d ah wa s t h e so n o f A a ro n :

19 . A n d C o ri an t u m w a s t h e s o n o f A m n i g ad d ah ;
20 . A n d C o m w a s t h e so n o f C o ri an t u m ;
21 . A n d S h i bl o n w a s t h e so n o f Co m ;
22 . A n d S e t h w a s t h e so n o f Sh i bl o n ;
23 . An d Abah wa s th e son of Seth ;
24 . A n d E t h e m wa s t h e so n o f A h ah ;
25 . A n d M o ro n w a s t h e s on o f E t h e m ;
26 . C o ri an t o r w a s t h e s o n o f M o ro n ;
27 . E t h e r wa s t h e so n o f C o ri an t o r .

A l l o w i n g 58 y e a rs ( w h i c h i s a fa i r ge n e alo gi c a l p e ri o d fo r th o se
d a y s ) b e t w e e n fat h e r a n d so n t h i s t ab l e wo u l d b ri n g u s f ro m 2200
,

t o 600 B C . .

T h e fol l o w i n g re f ere n c e s c l e a rl y i n d i c at e t h e c a re w i t h w h i c h
t h e s e a n c i e n t A me ri c a n s p re s e rv e d t h e i r ge n e al ogi e s : I N e p h i
12 ; J a ro m Omni 18 ; A l m a
T h e re a re n o ext e n d e d p e d i g re e s gi v e n i n t h e e a rl i e r p a rt s o f
th e B oo k o f M o rm o n b u t t h e fol l o w i n g t ab l e s i n d i c at e so m e o f t h e
.

l i n e s gi v e n i n t h at s ac re d B ook :

MANASS EH .

L e h i ( a d e s c e n d a n t o f M an a s se h ) l iv e d 600 B C . .

Lam an Lem uel J ac ob Jo seph

( A m e ri c a n I n E n o s l i v e d t i l l 422 B C. .

d i an s a re d e J a ro m l i v e d t i l l 36 2 B C . .

sc e n d a n t s
) O m n i l i ve d t i l l 318 B C . .

A mm a ro n l i v e d t i l l 280 B C . .

Ch e m i s h
A bi n ad o m
A m al e k i l i v e d t o ab o u t 200 B C . .
282 SURNA M E B OO K

A L M A ( D e sc e n d a n t o f N ep h i ) .

Alma 9 1 73
-
B C . .

H e l a m an 73 57 13 C . . S h i bl o n 57 53 B C . . C o ri an to n
H e l am an 53 39 13 C . .

N ep h i 39 B C t o . . . D
N e p h i 1 34 A D
-
. .

N e p h i 34 110 A D
-
.

A m o s 110 194 A D -

A m o s 194—
. .

306 A D . .

A m a ro n 306 3 70 D -
1
.

Z e d e k i a h b 578 B C . . .

M u l e k l i v e d 590 B C . .

7 ara h e m l a ( g a\ e a e n e al o g y O

o f h i s fa t h e r s t o M o si ah .

b u t n ot i n t h e s e p l a t e s .

O m n i v e r s e 18)
.

A m m on A m al e k i Helem

M O S IA H .

B e n j a m i n fro m 200 125 -

B
M o si ah fro m 125 9 1 B C . . H e l o ram H e l a ma n
A m m o n A a ro n O m n e r H i mn i
M o rm on
M o rm o n l iv e d a b o u t 320 385 A D . .

M o ro n i l i v e d a ft e r h i s fa t h e r M o r
mo n ab o u t 385 421 A D -
. .

A ft e r t h e a p o st a s y a n d ext i n c t i o n o f th e N e p h i t e s a t th e H i l l
C u m o rah N e w Yo rk j u s t p ri o r t o th e c lo s e o f t h e fo u rt h c e n t u r y
. .

A D t h e re w a s a ge n e ra l l a p s e i n re l i gi o u s ob s e rv at i o n s a n d
.

re c o rd k e e p i n g
-
e a re t o l d t h a t t h e P e r m 1an I n d i a n s p re se rve d 1n
.

s o m e d egre e t h e i r ro y a l p e d i gre e s an d n o d o u b t t h e M ex i c a n ro y a l . .

fam i l y o f t h e M on t e z u m a s a l s o h a d ex c e l l e n t re c o rd s o f t h e i r ow n
d e sc e n t b u t l i tt l e i s kn o wn co n c e rn i n g t h i s at t h e p re s e n t d ay
.
”

rea d in th e B o ok o f M o rmon o f th e temp le s bu i lt by the

d e scendants o f L eh i and N e p h i Ru in s have be en s c atte red h e re an d.

the re espec i al l y in S outh an d Central Am e rica Th e Central Am e ri can

. .

ru in s have been de s c r i be d an d i llu st rate d bv a numbe r o f d i scove re rs .

O ve r ei ght y yea rs ago a gentl eman by the name o f Lo rd K in gsbo rou gh

p ubl i sh e d in a c o stl y set o f boo k s th e re sul t o f h is di scov e ri es in ,

Yu catan an d o th e r parts o f Centra l Am e ri ca A po stle O rson P ratt .

p a i d $ 500 f o r th i s set o f boo k s an d th ese a re now stored i n th e H i s

284 S U R N A M E B OO K .
 A M E R I CA N S U R N A M E S . 285

N o rfo l k H u d so n c a m e ov e r i n 1609 t o t h e N e w Yo rk bay a n d

.
,

s a i l e d u p t h e ri v e r s i n c e b e a ri n g h i s n a m e .

I n 16 20 w h e n t h e P i l gri m s l an d e d o n P l y m o u t h Roc k u n d e r
, ,

Jo h n E n d i c o t t E n gl i s h s u rn a m e s w i t h t h e i r E n gl i s h o wn e r s t ook
,

p o s se s s i o n v i rt u a l l y o f t h e wh ol e U n i t e d S t at e s T h e y b e c am e
, ,
.

t h e d o m i n a n t ra c e a n d fo u n d e d an d d e v e l o p e d t h e s o c io l ogi c a l a n d
art i st i c l i fe o f t h e A m e ri c a n p eo p l e To t h i s d ay t h e i r c h a ra c te r
.

i st i c s t h e i r fe at u re s a n d t h e i r ge n e ra l a t t i t u d e i n l i fe c o n s t i tu t e
, , ,

a l l th a t E u rop e k n ow s a s A m e ri c a n s a n d A m e ri c a I t i s t o t h i s .

roo t — s t a l k t h e re fo re t h a t w e m u s t go i n o u r l a rge r s t u d i e s o f s u r
, ,

n a m e c o n t i n u at i on s i n t h i s gre a t R e p u b l i c T h e s e E n gl i s h fo u n d e r s
.

an d P i l gri m s we re re i n fo rc e d f ro m t i m e to t i m e b y v a ri o u s p a rt s o f
t h e i r o w n n a t i on al bo d y p ol i t i c G re a t c o m p a n i e s o f E n gl i s h
.

Q u ak e r s c a m e i n 16 82 .

I n 1721 t h e S c ot c h Iri sh i m m i g rat io n b e ga n — t h o s e s t u rd y d e

-

’
sc e n d an t s o f th e S c o tc h p e op l e s w h o w e re s e n t o v e r i n K i n g J a m e s

t i m e t o h e l p q u e l l t h e re b e l l i o u s I ri s h by s e t t l i n g i n L o n d o n d e r ry
a n d A n t ri m T h i s m ix e d C e l t i c a n d E n gl i s h ra c e c a m e ov e r i n
.

s h i p l oa d s f o r y e a r s a ft e r t h a t d a t e a n d se tt l e d i n N o rt h C a rol i n a
,

a n d i n N e w E n gl a n d fro m w h e re m a n y o f t h e m fo u n d t h e i r w ay
,

i n t o t h e v a s t m o u n t a i n fa s t n e s s e s o f O h i o K e n tu c ky a n d th e u p p e r
, ,

S o u t h e rn S t a t e s .

T h e D u t c h s e t t l e d M a n h a t t a n I s l a n d i n 16 15 a n d P e te r S tu y ,

v e an t w a s m a d e go v e rn o r o f N e w A m s t e r d a m I n 1664 E n gl an d
s .

co n q u e re d t h i s D u t c h p rov i n c e b u t t h e D u tc h s u rn a m e s h a d s e t
,

t l e d i n t o A m e ri c a n l i fe w i t h t h e i r b e a re r s N e w Yo rk i s t h e c e n t e r
.

o f th e D u t c h d e s c e n d a n t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t at e s .

I t i s s a i d t h at N e w Y o rk C i t y i s t h e t h i rd l a rge s t G e rm a n c i t y
i n t h e wo rl d ; C h i c a go i s t h e s e c o n d S we d i s h c i ty w h i l e B o s to n h a s ,

m o re I ri s h t h a n D u b l i n .

C a n a d a wa s s e t t l e d by t h e F r e n c h i n 16 04 Q u e b e c wa s fo u n d .

e d i n 1608 a n d al th o u gh t h e s c a t t e re d F re n c h s e t tl e r s w e re c o n
,

q u e re d b y t h e E n gl i s h i n 16 29 t h e w h o l e Ca n a d i a n n a t i o n i s fi l l e d
.

w i t h F re n c h s u rn a m e s a n d t h e i r E n gl i s h v a ri a t i o n s I t i s t ru e th a t .

t h e re i s q u i t e a p ropo rt i o n o f E n gl i s h s u rn a m e s i n e a s t e rn Ca n a d a .

e sp e c i al l y a m o n g t h e o f fi c i a l c l a s s e s b u t t h e ag ri c u l t u rat p op u l a t i on
,

a n d t h e t ra d e s p e op l e t h e re a re l a rge l y F re n c h d e s c e n d a n t s .

S u c h F re n c h s u rn a m e s a s we fi n d i n t h e Un i t e d S t a t e s sp ri n g
p ri n c i p a l l y fro m t h e H u gu e n o t i m m i gra n t s a n d fro m t h e F re n c h c o l
o n i st s w h o c a m e o v e r t o L o u i s i an a i n 16 99 I n 1706 Ca ro l i n a w a s
.
, .

n e a rl y c on q u e re d by F re n c h a n d S p an i s h i n v a s io n s I n 1718 N e w .
,

O rl e an s w a s se t tl e d by t h e F re n c h Y e t t h e s e F re n c h p e op l e h a v e
.

n o t i n fl u e n c e d o u r s u rn a m e s o u t s i d e o f t h e fe w l o we r So u th e rn
S ta t e s T h e F re n c h H u gu e n ot s a ft e r t h e w a r s i n Fra n c e 156 2
.
, ,

16 29 fl e d t o E n gl a n d a n d l at e r t o A m e ri c a
, T h e y fo u n d e d Ch a rl e s
.

t o n i n 156 2 .

S i n c e 1850 we h av e h a d a p ro d i gi o u s i n fl u x o f E u rpo e an i m m i
286 SURNA M E B O O K .

gra n t s fro m R u s s i a I ta l y P o rt u gal F ran c e S c a n d i n av i a Ge rm an y

, , . , , ,

A u s t ri a T u rk e y B e l gi u m S p a i n A u s t ra l i a a n d t h e B ri t i s h I sl e s
, , . , , ,

e tc I t h a s b e en t h e c u s to m i n th e l a s t fo rt y y e a r s fo r th e s e p e op l e
.

to c l i n g toge th e r a s n at i o n al i t i e s i n c e rt a i n s e c t i o n s o f th e c i t i e s o r
to w n s wh e re t h e y s e tt l e d ; an d i t i s t o h e re m a rk e d t h a t m a n y of t h e
i m m i g ran t s fro m Ru s s i a an d i n d e e d fro m t h e L at i n c o u n t ri e s h av e
, ,

bee n o f J e w i sh e x t ra c t i o n I t i s a c u ri o u s fac t t h a t th e N e w Yo rk
.

C i t y Co l l e ge w h i c h i n t h e y e a r 1916 h a d a m e m b e r sh i p o f ov e r ,

900 i n c l u d ed i n t h a t n u m b e r m o re th an 800 J e w i s h b o y s
,
.

T h e Je w s h av e c o m e i n s i l e n t l y p e r s i s t e n t l y a n d c o n t i n uo u s l y
. ,

a s t h e y h av e d o n e i n e v e ry ot h e r n a t i on I t w i l l b e n o t e d i n th i s .

c o n n e c t i o n t h a t J e w i s h s u rn am e s w h i l e re t a i n i n g i n a l a rge m e a s
,

u re t h e p at ron y m i c fo rm h a v e b e e n i n fl u e n c e d so m e wh a t i n sp e l l i n g
.

a n d c h a ra c te ri z a t i o n by t h e n a t i o n f ro m w h i c h t h ey e m i gra te d to
th e s e sho re s .

Th e re i s n o rac e o f p e op l e i n t h e wo rl d w h o c a n b o a s t o f l on ge r
a n d p u re r ge n e al ogi c a l re c o rd s t h a n th e J e w s an d th e y h av e n o t .

b e e n w i th o u t i n fl u e n c e i n t h e b u i l d i n g u p o f t h i s Re p ub l i c Th e
‘

fi r s t re gi m e n t ra i s e d i n N e w Yo rk C i t y fo r t h e R e v o l u t i o n ary W a r
wa s c om p o s e d o f H e b re w s C o n se q u e n t l v t h e d e sc e n d a n t s o f t h e se
.

so l d i e r s we re a m on g t h e e a rl i e s t m e m b e r s o f t h e n e wl y d e v e l op e d
p at ri ot i c soc i e t i e s b a s e d u p o n d e s c e n t A s i d e f ro m t h.i s t h e J e w s ,

h av e a ge n e al o g y o f t h e i r o wn T h e re a re m a n y o f t h e o rt h o d ox
.

m e m b e r s o f t h e fa i t h w h o c l a i m to t rac e t h e i r p e d i gre e a l l th e w ay
b ac k t o A b rah a m b u t t h e s e re c o rd s a re d i sp u t e d e sp e c i al l y by th e
, ,

m e m be r s o f th e Re fo rm e d J e w i sh o rga n i z at io n s I t i s d o ub t fu l i f .

p o s i t i v e p roo f s o f an y p a rt i c u l a r fa m i l i e s go b a c k b e y on d t h e d e
s t ru c t i on o f th e t e m p l e o f H e ro d I .

“
S t ri c t l y t ru e i s th i s oft t o l d st o r y o f L o rd B e ac o n sfi e l d t h a t ,

wh e n t a u n t e d w i t h b e i n g a J e w wh i l e i n th e E n gl i sh p a rl i a m e n t h e ,

re to rt e d : I a m t h e d e s c e n d an t o f k i n gs wh o re i gn e d b e fo r e t h i s
c o u n t r y w a s kn o wn M y an c e sto r s w e re p ri e s t s p e rfo rm i n g t h e i r
.

re l i gi o u s ri t e s b e fo re th e a l t a r s o f th e o n e G o d wh i l e yo u r s w e re .

sl a v e s an d s av age s ; f or 11 e b e l o n ge d t o o n e o f t h e fe w fa m i l i e s
wh o w e re ab l e t o p ro v e t h e i r d e s c e n t th ro ugh t h e l i n e of J e w s w h o
we n t ov e r t o Sp a in d u ri n g th e t im e o f t h e M oo r s a n d re m a i n e d .

th e re fo r c e n t u ri e s T h e m i g rat i o n s fo rc e d u p o n t h i s p e op l e d u ri n g
.

t h e i r wan d e ri n g s c o u l d n o t b u t d e s t ro y t h e i r fa m i l y re c o rd s n o t .

w i t h st an d i n g th e i r p ri d e o f b i rt h wh i c h h a s al wa y s b e e n a re c og
.

n i z e d ra c i al c h a ra c t e ri s t i c .

W e a re tol d t h a t t h e fi rs t J e w s a rri v e d i n N e w Yo rk i n 16 54 .

T h e y w e re a l so e a rl y a d m i t te d i n R h o d e I sl a n d b u t we re n o t t o l .

e rat e d i n M a s sa c h u s e t t s u n t i l s o m e t i m e a fte r t h a t H o w e ve r .
,

J u d ah M o n i s wh o w a s b o rn i n 16 83 a n d e d u c a t e d i n I t a l y w a s ad
. .

m i tt e d a s a F re e m an o f N e w Yo rk C i t y i n 17 16 I n 1720 h e re .

c e i v e d th e d e gre e o f M A f ro m H a rv a rd Co l l ege b e i n g t h e fi r s t
. . .

J e w s o h o n o re d V e r y soon th e re a ft e r l i e wa s ap p o i n te d i n st ru c to r
.
288 S U R NA M E B O O K .
 SU R NA M E IN D E X .

T h e i n d e x o f n a m e s h e re i n i v e n h a s b e e n p rep a re d c a re fu l l y
O

fro m t h e Ch u rc h c e n s u s l i s t s c o p i ed fro m t h e o ffi c e o f t h e P re s i d i n g
B i s h op ri c i n S a l t L a k e C i t y I n o rd e r t o fi n d t h e d e ri v a t i o n s fo r
. .

t h e s e s u rn a m e s l o n g an d p at i e n t s e a rc h h a s b e e n m a d e fro m t e n
s t an d a rd a n d ra re s u rn a m e b o o k s l oa n e d t o t h i s Co m mi t te e fro m
,

t h e U ta h G e n e a l ogi c a l L i b ra ry a n d t h ro u gh t h e c o u rt e s y o f S e n
, ,

ato r R e e d S m oo t fro m t h e Co n g re s s i o n a l L i b ra ry a t \Va s h i n gt on

, ,

D C
. . P ract ical ly eve ry su rnam e in th e Chu rch i s represented in
t h e s e n a m e s I t wa s i m p o s s i b l e t o g i v e a l l t h e s u rn a m e s fro m t h e
.

T e u t o n i c n a t i o n s i n o n e b oo k t h e re fo re o n l y su c h a s a re rep re
'

s e n t e d i n t h e C h u rc h re c o rd s a re fo u n d i n t h e s e l i s t s .

Fol lowin g i s an ext ract f rom Genealogy an d S u rname s ,

‘

by Wi ll iam A n d e r son p 3 : ,
.

N o n e o f t h e s c i e n c e s i s l e s s ge n e ra l l y s t u d i e d t h a n t h a t of
ge n e al og y L i k e a l l t h e o t h e r s t h o u gh d ry a n d re p e l l an t a t fi r st
.

“
wh en pe rseve ringl y f o l low e d ou t it becom e s i n th e re sea rch f ul l o f , , ,

i n t e re s t an d p ro d u c t iv e o f gre a t re s u l t s
. .

A n a c co u n t o f t h e o ri gi n d e s c e n t a n d re l at i o n s o f fa m i l i e s
, , ,

i s o ft e n a p ri n c i p a l a ux i l i a ry t o t h e t ru e ap p re c i a t i o n of h i s t o ry .

I n t re at i n g o f p e r so n s w h o h av e d i s t i n gu i s h e d t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e i r
’
c o u n t ry s a n n al s n o t o n l y a re a l l t h o s e a c t i o n s o f t h e i r l i v e s wh i c h
.

h av e a b e a ri n g u p o n t h e c h a ra c t e r o f t h e age i n wh i c h t h e y l i v e d .

or th e wel l— b e i n g o f t h e n a t i o n a n d c o m m u n i t y t o w h i c h t h e y be
l on ge d t o b e c o n s i d e re d b u t t h e i r o w n fa m i l y a n d p e r so n a l ex
. ,

t ra c t i o n s t an d i n g a n d d e s c e n t
, . .

SU R NA M E B O O K S C O N SU L TED .

S u rn a m e s by E rn e s t \V e e k 1e y M A P u b l i sh e d 1916 A m e ri c a
. . . .
,
.

V F am i l y N ame s and Th e i r S tor y by S B a ring Gou l d Pub 1910 Eng , . . . . .

Th e Teuton i c N am e S ystem by Robe rt Fe r g u son Pub 1864 En g . . .

. .

N E n g l i sh S u rname s by M ark A ntho ny L owe r

,
Pub 1843 En g . . . .

S u rnam e s an d S i ren ames by Jame s Fin la yson Pub 1889 Eng ,

. .
. .

S cotch S u rnam e s by Cosmos I nn es Pub 1860 S cotla nd

. . .
. .

S u rnam e s an d Ch r i st ian N ame s in I relan d by Robert E M ath eson . . .

P u b l i sh e d 1901 .

S u rnam es o f th e Un ite d K in gd om by Hen r y H arr i son Pub 19 12 . . . .

En g .

S u r n am es by Hom e r D i xon Pub 1855 A me rica

. . .
. .

Fam il y N am e s by Thoma s G Jentr y Pub 1892 Am e r ica

. . .
. .

Gen eal o g y an d S u rn am es by l l i am A n d er son Pub 186 5 S cotlan d

. . .
. .

B i i t i sh F ami l v N am es bv H e n rv Ba rbe r M D Pub 1894 En g , . .

,
.
290 SURNAM E B OOK .

AB B R E V IA T I O N S .

A F r —A n g o F r en c h l G ae 1 — G a e i c l
l —
- -

A F r L at — l l
. .

G au — G au i sh
. . .

-
A n g o F r e n c h L ati n - -

A N —A n g o N o r man
.

l
. . . . .

-
G o r G e r — G e rman
l x G o t h —G o t h i c
. . . . . .

A S o r A S ax An g o Sa on o r O l d - - -

G t In d o f S e rv — G r e at In q u e st o f
.

l
. . . . .

E n g i sh
—
. . . .

A bbr e v A bbr evi ati o n S e rvi c e ( A D

B — B rit o n H a —H a iw e ll ll ll
. . . .

B p — B i sh o p H e b —H e bre w
. . . .

o s— H u n d r e d R ll R ll R l
. . .

b — bo r n Hund o s or o tu i
T l
. . .

C — Co rn zi sh H u n d re d o ru m h e se w e re i st s o f
l l
. . .

C al G e n e a — C a e-n d a ri u m G e n e al o g t a x p ay e r s i n g r o u p s o f on e hun
-

l l l l
. .

i c u m ( t e m p : a g e n e a o g i c a c a e n d ar d r e d p r e p ar e d by ro y a d e c r e e i n
c o m p i e d d u ri n g t h e r e i g n o f H e n r y l 1274 A D
II I— E d w a r d I ) i e —t h at i s, o r t h e same as
. .

C al In q P M — C al e n d ari u m In q u i s
. . . .

Ir Iri sh
M l l l
. . . . . .

i t o ri u m P o st o rt e m ( c o m p i e d A It a o r It — It a i an
L G o r L G e r — L o w G e r m an
. . .
. .

D 1217
C al R o t O d i g —C a1e n d ari u m R L a t — L ati n
. . . . . .

otu

l V l
. . . .

o r u m O ri g i n al i u m ( t e m p o r c om - Lib V it L i be r it ae E c c e si ae D u -

l
. . .
_

p i e d d u ri n g t h e r e i g n o f H e n r y I I I n e l m e n si s ( S e e C h ap t e r
— E d w ar d I I I) l o o — o c a it y o r o c ativ e n am e l l l
.

l— l m —m ar ri e d
. . .

C at h An g C at h o :i c o n An g l i c u m
l l R M 13 — i d d e E n g i sh M l l
. . . .

( E n g i sh C at h o i c e g i st e r ) ( 12 t o 15th
C e t — C e ti c l l
. . .

t u ri e s)
c en
—c e n t u ry
. .

c en t met o n — me t o n y m i c

M H G e n — M i d d l e H i g h G e r man
. .

“
.

co .
— c ou n ty . .

Ch es C h e sh ir e an d so o n t h ro u g h -
( 12 t o 15t h c e n t u ri e s)
M Ir — M i d d 1e Iri sh
. .

al l t h e sh ir e s i n G r e at B rit a i n to m i d d i e
C o r n — C o r n i sh
. . .

16 t h c e n t u ri e s)
M o d E n g — M o d e r n E n g l i sh
. .

C o mp s — C o mp o u n d s
N E — N o rt h e r n E n g l i sh
. . .

co r n — c o rr u p ti o n
— C o mp ar e N orw —
. . . .

c p or co mp N o r w e g i an
t —c o n tr ac ti o n o bs —o b so l e t e
. . . .

c on

d am—d au g h t e r
A

o b v p — o biit vit a p atri s ( d i e d i n 1110

. . .

k
. . . .

D B — D o m e sd ay B o o ( m a d e i n 1086 . ti m e o f f at h e r )
o c c — o c c a si o n a ll y
. . .

A D) . . . .

D o r D an — D an i sh O B r et — O l d B r et o n
d —d i e d O E — O l d E n g l i sh o r A n g l o S ax o n
. . . .

l l l O F r —O l d F re n c h
. . . . .

D i a — D i a e c ta
d i m o r d i m i-n —d i m i n u tiv e
. . .

0 F ri s — O l d F ri si an
. .

— l O G ae l — O l d G a e l i c
. . . . . .

DNB D i c ti o n ar y o f N ati o n a B i o g
O G o r O G e r — O l d G e r m an
. . . .

ra p h y

D u D u t o r D c h —D u t c h O H G o r O H Ge n — O l d H i g h
. . . . . .

l
,
. . . . . . . . .

E o r E n g — E n g i sh G e rm a n
E d w — E d w ar d G er —O l d L o w G er
. . .

O L G or O L
E —E ar y M l M l l
. . . . . . . .

E i d d e E n g i sh m an

“
E M o d E — E ar y l M l —
. . . . .

o d ern E n g i sh O Ir Ol d Iri sh
o r fi l —fi l i u s l
. . . . . . .

f o r so n o r d au g h t e r ; O N O l d N o r se o r Ic e an d i c
-

l l
. . . . . .

N E — O l d N o rt h e r n E n g i sh
”
a so f ro m f o r me d o n O
f —f r o m S ax — O l d S a on
,

x
. . . . .

0
Fi n e R —F i n e R ll T en t —O l d T
. . . .

o s ( 1199 A D ) O eu t o n i c
F 1e m — F l e m i sh W e 1— O l d W e sh
.

l
. . . .

O
—p e r so n a l
. . . . .

f orm p na me
W rit s — P ar l li
. . .

Fr F r en c h P ar a m e n t ar y W rit s
F r an k — F r an i sh k
. . .

( A D 1273
F o r E ri s — F ri si an P at —
. . .

. . P atr o n y m i c . .
 A L P H A B E T IC A L IN D E X
O f Su rn ame s Fo u n d i n th e C h u rc h A rc h i v e s i n t h e of f ice of

t h e P re si d i n g B i sh o p ri c

Wi tl z d efi n i t i on s a n d exp l a n at i on s g l ea n ed f ro m al l a v a i l a bl e sou r c es .

A ag a rd— S can d rive r fa rm fath er o f strength ; l oc Glost

A ag esen — S on o f Aage
. . . .
, , ,

A bl ew h i te F rom A p plethwa ite

Aamodt—s ee H ammon d
.

. loc Cu mb Westm
.
,
.
,
.

A a sa — p H eb A sa a ph ys i a11 Abn e r— H eb fath e r o f l ight ; H eb

'
”
.
.
,
.
, , , ,

S can d O s o r a s god o r h e re Abh n er

A av d ema—S can d p ; a s i re name ; Abpl an al p—s ee A p l an al p
.
.
, .

Abrah am s — see
.
,
. .

Av O N ancestor ; O E d en i a
, . .
,
. .
, , Ab ram H eb ,

a j u dge Fathe r o f a multi tude

Abraham s on — Son o f Abrah am
. .

A ah Le n — Cou rage ; Scand p .

, . .

A av em— see Avel ine . Abram s — loc L an es ; form e rly .

,

Abbe rc rombi e— loc Fi fe Th e .

, . A d bu rg h am .

mouth o f th e R C rombie ( Al so . . Abte r— O f th e abbey En g . .

Abe rc ro mb ie ) . Ac e— s ee Eaga r .

Abbe y— Eng fathe r s o r mothe r s Acke rl an d Acklan d— see Ackers

’ '
:

.
, ,

hom e ; convent Dwel l e rs at th e O ak l an d ; su r -

.

Abbott—d im o f Abb o r o f Ab ra
.

.
,
Ha rr i son .

ham Goth ic Ab h an or Fr Au
, , , ,
. .
Ac ke rman Ac reman — S ee Acke rs ,
.

be rt p ,
.
En g fi el d worke r
.
,
hu sban d -
,

A e
’
B c k ett — F rom B ec kett ; l oc .
,
m an .

B e rks A cke rs— p F l H akka rs ; ac res ; .

,
.
,

Abegg—Cel t B egg l ittl e ; B i gg

.

.
, , ,
E n g dwe l le r at th e ac re s ; cu lti
,

Teut tall b ig . .
v at e d fiel ds .
,

Acke rson — se e A cke rs

.

A beg g l i n — S can d dwe ll e r at th e

Ackl in —S can d see E ag h l i n g an d
.
.
,

p oo l .
.
,

Abel Abl e— H eb breath emana - Eaga r ; al so Acl an d ; loc Devon .

,
.

Ac kroyd — se e A cke rs ;
.
,

t ion ; D S G Abel ; F l Abe ll ; .

,
.
, .
,
.
,
A c royd ,

A bbeel e A beel s ; Dc h Abel s ,

.
, ,
S can d dwell e r at th e oak ri d ing
.
,
-
,

Ebe l ; D B Abe l ; p Abel l is on cl ea rin g .

A cland — loc Devon

. . .
,

th e Rol l o f B attl e Abbe y Abel .

,
D e A clan d .
,
.

ten an t i n D B Kent S ee Abb s was settl e d th e re temp H en I I . . .

A cocks — d im o f Cocks ; va r for

. . . .
,

H eb breath evan e scence

.
, ,
.
. .

Abel d i n — Littl e son o f Abel .

A dcock o r Al coc k .

A bel d sk o r— A bel d s meadow

'
’
A co mb— Ce lt dwe ll e r at a ridge .
,
.

Abe rco rn —l oc Linl ith gow Acord— O N e ik ; O E ac oak

.

.
.
,
.
,
. .
,

Abe rn eth y —loc

,
. .

Pe rth s El gin ~
.
, .
, ,
t ree ; an d v Royd S ee E ag h l i n g . .

Fi fe Mo ray Th e mouth o f th e an d Eaga r .

Aco rn s — D ch Aken s ; p
, .

R N eth y in S cotl an d .
,
.

Ac re s— S ee Acke rs
.
, .

Abiga il— F rom Abi n g h al l ; Heb .

.
294 S URN A M E B OO K .

Action — l oc M i d d l x Chesh etc .

,
. Cent E n g E del l Edlow Ethel ;
.
, , ,

Adai r—Dwel le r at th e O ak tree

.
,
.
,

-
M G A dal E d al ; F r A d on l
. .
, ,
.
, ,

farm .
Edel H adol ; d im A d i l i n ; O G
,
. . .
,

A d al aar— A dal pos ses sion an d d is ,

E d el i n ; E n g A dl an ; F r Ade ,
.
,

tin ction o r h onor ; p Ge rm an .

lon A d el ine E d el i n Co mpoun ds
, . .
,

name ; al so spel l e d A dol ar . Eng A dla rd A dl am H e d l am

, , , ,

Adam s A d ms— F r A dam ; F l .

,
.
, A d d l eh ead- E d l e ry A dolphu s , , ,

A dam s ; p son o f A dam E n g .

, , ,
E del sten E dl esten ; O G Adal ,
. .
,

P ge r A d al h ard ; M G A d el h art
,
. .
, ,

Adamson — see A dam s A d al h ar A d le r E del e r A d al f u s ,

A d de—F fathe r
.
, ,

Fr A l p hon se ; Su A lpho n so .
,
.

A dd in gt on — loc
.
.
, .
,

Kent S u r rey ; .
, ,
F rom Eth el was de rive d the nam e
A d de f ath e r
'

,
. o f Eth el in g name o f the An glo ,

A dd ison — N H ad d i n g r ; S A d d e ; S axon kin g

Adl e r —O G A d al h ar h a re war
. .
.
, ,

F Ad e A dde ; P I ; A dan ; Dc h
.
, ,
. .
, . .
,
-

Add e A dee ; G Hade r ; p rio r

A dl ington —loc Lan c s
. . .
,

d l e —
A d y s ee A ddy .
. .
, .

Ad d sh ead— a double d im o f A dam ; . A dolph son — Son o f A dolph .

at th e h ead A dd ZE bi sc h e r— S wi s s
Addy—F
. .
,

A de ; S A dde ; G
.
,
.
,
.
, 7Egl e— Teut Eagl e .
, .

H ade r ; Deh A d e Ad d icks A d .

, , , A f fl ec k— loc corrupt i on o f Auch .

e rs A dee p
, ,
. i n l ec k ; Ayrsh i re .

Ad e— From Goth atte etha O Afl ec k— see A f fl ec k

Agac e —s ee Aggi s
.
.
, , .

Frie s ath a eth a ( fath e r ) O G

Agate—G Ag ath ; p ; see A g g s
. .
, , , .

Atto Ati Ad i Ath a Etti ; 7th

, , , , .
,
. .

Cen t E n g A ttoe Att y A d d y , , , , A gl e— se e Eagl e .

Agne s— Chaste ; f rom th e G reek

.

E ddy ; M G ; A de Ette ; F r . .
,
.
,

Adde A dee A tts Attle A rle y ;

, , , , A gatha S u r An de rson . .
,
.

compou n d s E n g Atk i ss A dd i , , , Ag g s— N O g u rr Ah g u rr .
, ,
.

cott A d i er A dma n s Atmore At

, , , , Aggi s— F A g e ; D B zE g n t .
,
. .
,
’
.

t ri d g e E tri d g e A ttri d e Attwo od

, , , , Ag g u s— A g en u l f A g h emu n d Ach , ,

A dol ph ; M G A d oh ard A d i . .
, , ebran d A g h ete ; D Age r Ack ,
.
, ,

man A dol f ; F r E da rd Atl of f

,
.
, , , e r F1 H age r Hacke r ; G H a , ,
.
,

A d man t A d h mer A dhem a r , , ,

ge r Hake ; Haku s Hake Ache
, , ,

A dolph e Acke r ; p ; d re ad awe

Adean e—From Atte Dean A gnew—F r Agneau ; F l Ag n i e r ;
.
. .
,

Dean ; -
, .
,
. .
,

loc Glost H ants etc ; o r F

.
, .
, ,
. .
, p .

A dd e A d d en ; p , . A gren — S can d a rive r b ran ch .

,
.

A dkin s— A doubl e d im o f Adam Ah l an d e r— p

Adkin son —A dkin s son
. . .

’
Ah lbe rg— S can d al de r mounta in
Ah l en —S can d p
. .
.
,

Adla rd — Teut ; nobl e brave From ,

. , .
, .

Ath el Eth el ; M G N ames o f , . .

,
Ah lgren — S cand al de r b ran ch .
,
.

Adal have been con tracte d into A h lqu ist— S can d al de r twig , .

Al as Albe rt fo r A dalbe rt AI
, , ,
Al1 l st ran — S can d al de r coast p .
, , .

l a rd fo r A d el h ard ; s impl e forms Ah l st ron — S c an d al de r stream

Ah ren s — Ge rman p
.
q

O G Athala A d il o E th i l ; 5th
. .
, , , ,
.
 S URN A M E B OO K .

Al i —
Ka rl ; F Al l e ; G .
,
.
,
Al ker ; Dc h A l in k ; D
.
,
Al an ; F r . .
.

—
D IIal c k ; D c h A lch en
.
,
.
, ,
A l c h el ,
Al l ain ; p ; bright fai r han d .
, ,

A l c h e r Al cot , Al lcoc k ; ,
d im o f . som e .

H all i .
Al l e n b-
. ack — d i 111 o f Al len . .

\ l esbu r — see Ayl esbu r Al le rton loc Yorks

y y . . .
, .

Al exan de r— Dc h G p ; F r Al ex
an d re : p ; h el p e r o f men
.
, .
, .
,
All e y From th e Celti c al l ( O m
. . n i s ) wh ich i s common a s a p re
,
.

Al f f o rd Al fo rd — loc L inc s S om
,
. . . .
,
fi x an d gives u s m an y com p ou nd
e rs ; n ea r th e ford : John De
.
n am es S impl e form s E n g A l
.
. .

A l d e f o rd Hun d R oll s ,
. l o Al oe All e y Awl ; F r Al e
.
, . .
. ,

Al f re d — p ; N H al l f reo r o r E 1 . .
, ,
A l l i e : Com p s En g Albe rt Al l . , .

f rao r ; D B A l u re d o r A l v re d . .
, . , b ri ght A l l f rey Al l a rd A l l mac k
, . .
. ,

El d red : P l A l l e w i re l d ; D A l Allm an A l l mar Almon d Al lnut

l ert ; p ; sel f —
,
.
.
. . , , .

coun sel . . A l l w ard Al lwood Al l awa y Al l . . .

A l f ree A l f ry— see Al fre d

,
. ve r y A lwin ; F r A l abe rt Al gi e r
, .
, . . .

Al ge r Al ga r Al ge r ; N Al f ,
.
,
A l ag re Al lai re A l l e mo z A l i n ot
, . . ,

g e i rr ; D E l l e g aard ; F Al l e .
.
‘

.
, A l le r y A l l e ron A l l e v y ; Ge rm
. . .
,

g
‘
a e rt ; D e h Algi e Al l g au e r ; D .
. . . . A lbrecht Al ag e r Al ke r Ale rt . .
'

. . .

B . Al ga r E l f g ar Elga r ; G Al l
. ,
'

,
.
, A l ah e r A l aman A l l me r Al o ard
. . ,

ga r ; p . A h l w a rd t . . Al l o w i n .

A l i n g ton — l oc N orth Al l good — N

‘
.
. H al l g e ro r ; G A lge r ;
Al i sp ac l 1— Ge rn 1 ; see All ie s
.
,

.
D H al l e g a r ; Fl A l l eg ae rt "

A l j u n g —Al l youn g
.
.
.

.
D c h A l l g au e r D B
.
. A l ga r Al , . .
, ,

Al k e r Fron 1 Altca r ; loc Lan c s

-
.

g od : p
Al ki re — see A l k er
.

All ie s From O H G al i s : A S . .
,

Al l an N Al i ; F Al l e Al l e n :
. . .
,
.

.
, .
El l e s ; En g El s e ( st ran ge r wan .

Fl All en ; S Al in ; D B Alan :
.

.
. . . .
.
d e re r ) S im p le fo rm s : O G
.

A l in e ; Fr Al lain ; p ; br ight
. .
,

. .

El i so El i s : 8th Cen t A l u so E l
. .
,
han d som e f a i r
.

. .

e sa : gen eal ogy o f the kin gs o f

Al lanb y— see A l l onb y : A lan was a N orthumbria ; En g Al l ie s Al ice .

Ere to n ch ie f in th e C o n q u arn i
, ,

Ell is El l i ce El s e El se y : F r
. . .

train
.
,
.

Al l ai s El l ie s ; Com p s O G
.

A l la rd D A l l e rt ; p ; see A l f red
. . . ,

A l sk er : En g Alsage r E l eg oo d
-
. .
.
,
s

Al l c h u rc h — F rom Alvechu rch ; l oc

.
, , .

Al l in g ton — see A l i n gt o n : al so l oc
. .
,

Wo rc est .
,

Devon Do rse t Lin cs Salo p

.

Al lcock— see A l ec oc k .
, .
, .

Hant s Wilts
.

A l l d i 11 —F r0 m H al den : l oc K ent , .

All iot— dim , o f Al ice

.
,
.

Al l d redge — s e e A ld ri dge .

Al l i son — Al ice s son

.

Al l e be rry— F rom
’

A l dbu r y ; l oc .

A ll onb y — loc Cu mb
.
,

Wilts .

Al l o tt— N H al l ao r ; S A l l art ; D
.

Al l eman — Al lman : N O l moo r : D .

. . .
,

A l l ert : D c h A l lot ; F l A ll a rd
,

S Ah lman ; F l
.
. Al em an ; G .
, . .
,
.
, .
. ,

Hal lm an ; D B Almu n d ; p . .
A l l a rt H al l art Hal l et ; p
, , .

Al l p h in — P icti sh Al p in ; on e o f th e
.

Al l e man d i n g e r— A de scen dan t o f .

,
.

th e tribe o f Al leman Ge rm an . .
ol d est S cotch clan s .

All en — N A l i F Al l e Al len ; .
,
'

.
, ,
All 111 an N O l d moo r ; D S A 111
-
.
, . .
,
 A L PH A B ETI CA L I N DE X .

man ; F l Al eman ; G Hal lman ; .

.
. ,
1t . En g , .Al ld a y Al l t Al l ty E lt . . , .
. .

D B Al mun d ; p
. . . Old Ye l d . : M G A l t ; d im Ha ld . .
. .

Al l re d — A S templ e couns e l ; n o . . . sa i : Lib V it En g Al den Alton . .

.
, ,

bl e couns el . E l den Elton : M G Alten F r . . .

,
.
°

.
,

All ri dge — O l d Sa xon nobl e rule r . . Al don : Patron y m i c s O G A l d . .

A l l s op — s ee Al s op : l oc De rbv sh : .
,
i n g : En g O l d in g : Comps En g .
.

D B E l l e sh op e
. . . . A l d ebe rt O l d ac re Al de r Al d . . .
.

A l l 1v oo d — N H al l v aro r : S A1 .
. h am Elth am Altman O l dman . . . .

la rd : G Al tvate r : p ; Al l w ard a .
. Ald re d A l d ri tt A ld rich A I . . .

ten ant i n ch ie f in D B : als o a . . d ri d g e El d ri dge O l d ri dge Al l . . .

Sa xon . t ree O l d ry etc . . .

Al lwo rth — s ee A ldworth ~

Alto n —From A l th rop an ol d val
A l l w ri g h t— From Al d reth o r Al de r
.
,

l ey ; p
w ith : l oc Camb . Alva res — s ee Atkin : Comp f rom .

A lm— M ea do w A lms mean s cha r . En g A l v a ry . .

1tv .
Alve y — N
. H al v e i g : D eh Ha l f .
. .
,

Al mac k— F rom Alme nech es ; loc weeg : G H al l w i g ; p .

. .

N o rm an d y : th e re is a t ra d ition Al v is — F rom Al ves : loc E lgin . .

that a S cotchman com in g to Lon . A lvo rd — S ame a s A ford : n ea r th e

d on ch an ge d h is nam e f rom
.
fo rd .

M ac Al l to A l l mac k : it may be so . Al wa rd A lwo o d— s ee A l lwood . .

A l l me n d i n g e r P robabl y from Ambl e r— F rom A mbe rl e v : l oc .

Engl ish A l mi g e r o r O G E mel . S us s .

ga r : Teut N S . . . Amb rose — A L G d iv i n e i mmo r . .

.

Al main A l mayn e D al mai n — A ll

. .
ta l .

from A l l eman g e Ge r . . Ambro sen — S on o f Ambros e Dan .

Alme Al men — P r obabl y m en of th e

.
i sh .

m ea dow al s o cal le d Al me r .
.
Am e r— see Hame r .

A l mon d — s ee A l lman an d All eman .

Amh e rst loc Kent . . .

Almstea d Almstea dt— M ea dow . . Am e ry— F l Em e ry : G Eme r ich :

A l p l an al p — G : p . .
f ) .

Al s en — S can d : p . . Am es — N E v mu n d e r : F Emo .

Al so p — l o o Derv sh : D B E ll e . . . .
. Em e : D B Haimo H aim e r
. .
. . .

shope . H amo . Humez : Dc h A me az .

. .

Al stan — B elon gs to Al ston : loc . , Ams en . E mon s A m en : Fl . .

.

S ta f f s . Amey s . H aeme r : D Ham Hem .

Al ste rl i n d —S ca 11d p
.
~
.
. . m e : G Ame i s Emm es Hem s . . .

Al ston — loc Cu mb : or N Hall . H em me : p .

ste in : F l A l steen s ; D B AI . . .
Ammon — s ee Hamm o n d .

stan Al es tan : p Amo r— O r Amou r : F r love : p

A m os —H eb p
. . . . .

Al t— Ge rma n for ol d : n ickn ame

Althorp—l oc L i n es
. . .

. . . . Amun dsen Am u n dson Ammu n d . .

A ltman — O l d e r m an : Al de rm an : p . s e n : son o f Amo n d : see Ham .

Alton — F rom An g S ax Al t : O H . . . . . mon d .

G Alt ol d : s im p l e fo rm O G . . . A mto f t Ea g l e l o ft -
.

A ldo Alto ; 7th Cen t A i d a ; L ib

.
,
. Amv s— s e e Ames .
298 S URN A M E B OO K .

An d e l i n —
Scan d ; p . . n ard H an n i er E n au l ; Heb
, , ,

An de rbe rg— S can d ; p ; on the h ill grace grac ious

An de regg—A n de r egg ( eck ) on
. . . .
,

, A nnable Annabe ll — D Hann ibal ;,

.
,

the corne r . F r H en n ebel ; p

.
, .

An de rson — Son o f An drew ; 9th A nnan — loc S cotlan d .

, .

most popu la r n ame in S cotland . An n is —An n i son ; N An i ; E O n .

, ,

An de rton — loc C orn w Yorks .

,
.
,
. no an d Enno ; D B E n i san ; G . .
,
.
,

An d reason — Son o f An drea s ( An , Hanus H an n sa ; D c h i Ann es , , .

d rew ) S can d ,
. An sel : S Hane Hanne r H enne ; .
, , ,

An d rews — S on o f An drew ; Heb .

, Pl . Han es H an n eson An h es
, , ,

And rew a man ,

. An n ez ; D H an i sch A n n i se : p .
, ,
.

An gel — D D eh ; p ; me ssen ge r .
,
. . . An sel l — From O N as An g S ax . .
, ,
-
.

An gel l — see Angel . os Goth an d H G an s ( d ivu s )

,
. .
,

An g erbau er— Ge r a farme r on the .

,
s impl e form s E n g A nn s H an ce , , ,

lowlan d s . Asa y A ssey As s ; F r H an n s

, , .
, ,

Angi e r— F r An ge r ; D An ge r .
. .
, , H an n z ; d im E n g E n sc oe E sla .
, .

An k j er ; D B An ge r ; p ; A n . .
, . An sell An sol w O n sl ow En sell , , , ,

ge rs in Rol l o f B attl e Abbe y ; E ssel l Asl in E sl i n ; F r E ssi q u e

, ,
.
,

An ge r o r An in ge r ( venato r ) in An sel An cel An cel in An sel in

, , ,
.

Rot O bl et Fin
. . . O ssel i n ; Com ps E n g O sborn .
, ,

An gle se y— En gl ish ; p an En gl i sh . Aspe rn A sbri dge A sberrey O s , , ,

man n ea r th e sea . good Han sa rd An se r E n se r

, , , ,

An gl e— l oc S outh Wale s ; see A11 .

,
E n z e r O sye r Ans elm e H an son
, , , .

gel . A sl oc k H asl u c k Asman O sman , , , ,

Ang u s— S e au ste re d ign ified

.
.
. . . O smon d O swal d O swi n ; G An , . .
,

An karst ran d — S can d p selm A n smar O sme r O smun d

An l ey— F rom Hanl e y : l oc Sta f f s
, , ,
. .
, ,

.
, . An sal d A su l f ; F r A u sp ert An ,
.
, ,

Anna — From O H G ano ; M G . . .

, . .
,
sa rt An sman n O smon t
, , .

ah ne ; A S h ah a ; G h ah n An sl e y From Anne sley ; loc

’

.
. .
. .
, ,

( coc ) An En ( avu s ) ; s im p l e . N otts .

fo rm s An no En no H ann o ; 5th
. . , An son — se e Han son .

Cent An g — S ax Ann a kin g o f

. . .
, . Anthon Anton — p ; Greek He r ,
.
.

the Ea st An gle s : E n g Ann e . ,

cule s de scen de d . .

Hann a Hanne y H enn e y ; M G , , . .

,
Anton sen — S on o f Anton .

H ann e Hanna ; F r Ann ee

, ,
Antwe rp— a d im o f w erp ( Wer ft ) .

H an y Henn e En ne ; d im E n g
. . .
. l an d ing pl ace -
.

Enoch Han ke y H an n el H en n el l
.
, ,
A p el — S cand appl e .

A p pel l — Ge r m
.
,

H an ol i n Han kin An n 1ss H e n

‘

. .
, ,

niS Fr°

H en i q u e H en oc .
. . ,
A p g oo d — From Abgott mean in g ,

En 1q u e : E n g Ar min g Hen n in g : , ,
i dol ator .

Com p s E n g H en fre y H an ge r . .
, ,
Ap l an al p se c Abplanal p m
.

H enn ike r Ancrum H an man , , . A p p legate— N ear a garden .

Ha n me r H an rot En right An . . . Ap p l e g ren Ap p l eg reen S can d ,

.
,

h au lt E n ough ; G An ag er H en
. .
. . a p p l e bran ch ; p -
.

n e rt H en h art Enm an Han e

. . ,
A p p l eq u i st— S can d appl e —twig ; p .
. .

wal d ; F r An f ray E n ard H a .

, . ,
Ap pl e ya r d — N ea r th e g arden
. .
300 S URN A M E B OO K .

A rston — From H arston loc Le i cs .

,
.
, A sh fi el d — l oc .
,
S ta f f .

Northants Camb etc .

,
.
,
. Ash ford — loc .
, De rb y s Devon , ,

A rthu r— see A rter ; F l A rtu r ; p ; Han t s etc dwell e r n ea r an as h

'

.
,
.
, .
;
—
bear guard . t ree fo rd .

A rthurs — Son o f A rthu r . A sh l i man A sh l eman n A sc h l i man , ,

A rtis — N H j o rtr ; D B A rte A r .

,
. .
, ,
A 111 an who bu rn s th e wood for
tor ; G Ha rter Ha rt H arte ; P l
.
, , ,
.
,
m e lters o r makes charcoal , .

A rt A rts A rtus ; D Ha rtig ;

, ,
.
,
A shl e y— loc Hant s Wilts .
, , .

D c h A rts ; p ; ston e nobl e

.
,
.
, . A shman — N A smu n d r ; D A s .
, . .
,

A run del l — loc S u s s ; eagl e —del l .

,
. m un d ; G A ssman ; D eh A s .
, .
,

Asb ri dge— En g loc ; bri dge n ear .

, . m an ; D B A sseman O smun d ; . .
, ,

Ash town .
p ; see A sh
. .

Asbu r y — Fro m A shbu r y ; loc .

,
A sh men t — En g p ; see Ash .
,
. .

B erk s Devo n ; see A stbu r y

,
. A sh p i tel — Fro m Ashb rittl e ; loc .
,

Ascott— loc C orn w Som e rs

A shton — loc
. . .
,

A sc o u g h — see A sh . L an es Hant s .
, , ,

A sh — l oc De rb ys ; D B E is se
.
, . .
,
. He rts Gl ost Wilts .
, .
,
.

From A S aesc the ash tree . .

, . A sh u rst — l oe Kent L an es S u s ,
.
, ,

al so s ign ifie s s p ea r ; s impl e fo rm s sex

—
.
,

Ae sc son o f Hengi st ; O N
,
. .
,
Ash w el l l oc He rts R u tl S om .
. .
,
.
,

A skr ; E n g A sh As k Askey ; , , ,
e rs : see A sh .

Ge rm A sch e E sch ; d im E n g
.
, ,
.
,
A shwin — A s —v i n n r ; A S O swin ; . .
,

Has kel l Ash l in ; F r A scol i E s . .

, , p ; see A sh
. .

cal in ; Comp s En g A sh p art .

, . A sh worth — l oe L an es .
. .

A she r A sh bol d A shman A sh

. , , As ke r— N A skv i o r ; D A skov ; S . . .
,
.
,

m ore A squ ith A sh w oo d A sh

. ,
- -
. A ske r ; Deh A sseh e r ; D B p ; .
, . .
, .

win .A sc o u g h ; Fr Esca re .
, ,
Comp Askew A sc o i th
. etc , ,
.
,

A esc h i man n G er Eske re .

, ,
A sc i n t .

As ch e r Esch e r A sc h m an E sch
. , , A skew— l oc Yo rks ; D B A sc .
, . . .
,

m ann Esch ri ch ; dwell e r at th e

. with H asc oi th ; p , .

—
ash t ree S pea r sha fts we re gen .
-
A skh am l oc N otts Lanes . . .
, ,

e ral l y made f rom ash t rees . A sh w i th — s ee A skew .

A sh bu r11 e r —N A sbran d r ; al so Asn1 u s — G A ssmu s ; p

‘
.
: .
. . .

A sbj o rn ; D B E sbe rn O sbe rn ; . .

, , A s p e r— Dwell e r at th e A spen tree -

th e a sh —tree b rook corne r ; E n g p

p ;
. .
, .

A shbu r y— An g —Sca n d f rom the . .

.
As p in — s ee A sp in al l .

a sh tree h il l
-
. A s p in al l — D eh E sp ag n i ol ; a S pan .
,

Ashb y— loc ; th e ash — tree farm . . i ard ; p .

A sh c ro ft— l oc Yorks ; dwel le r at .

A s p lun d— S Asplu n d .
. , E sp el u n d ;
the ash —tree c ro ft . l oc p ; Asp grove
.
, . .

A sh down — From A sh don ; loc .

,
A sp ray— F r E sp rit ; p .
,
.

E s sex . As sen be rg . A ssi n berg — Aus dem

A shen den — l oc H erts ; dwell e r at .
, . B e rg ; out o f th e h il l
. .

th e a sh t ree val l e y A sse rson — Heb

’
-
. Ashe r ; .
. Ashe r s
A sh e r— Dwell e r at th e a sh tree cor -
son .

n e r ; a cha rcoal —make r ; see A sh . A ssh et0 11 —loc Es sex .

,
.
 A LP HA B ETI CAL I N D EX . 301

A st— Ge rman fo r b ranch ; in B a Attl ee — From A tte rl ey ; loc S a 10 p .

,

va ria the re i s a p lace ca ll e d Ast . o r Hatl e y Camb , .

As tbu ry— loc Ches Attmo re— From Atte moo r at th e

.
-

Ast i l l A stel l — From A stwel l ; l oc

. .
, ,

.
,
.
,
moor .

Atto A ttoe— N H ott r ( H attr) ;

_

N orthants .
, .
,

A stin — see Aston F A th e ; D B Atre ; G Hattin

Astl e—A t th e east h il l ; f rom
.
. , . .
, ,
.
,

Hatto ; Fl Athee Attou t ; D .

, , .
,

S can d sac ri fic ial cau l d ron.

,
. H attin g ; D eh Ates Atten A t .
, , ,

A ston — l oc Gl o s Han t s H e ref .

, , ,
.
,
ki ns ; p .

S alop . Attress— Atte Tree ; loc .

A strop F rom Astho rpe loc A ttri dge Atte R i dge ; l oe

A tt w at e r—Atte Wate r ; loc at the
.
, .

He rts . .
,

A th aw e s— F rom Atte —H awes ; loc . w ate r .

Ath ay Ath ey — E n g dwell er at th e

,
.
,
Attwood Atwood F rom Atte,
-

sea .
VV oo d at th e wood ; E n g p , , .

Athe rl e y— F rom Hath erl e igh ; loc .

, Atwel l — F rom A ttee V Vel l e loc -
.

D evon . a dopte d a s a su rn ame 1258 1358 -

.

Ath e rsmi th — F A th e ; p ; an d .
.
.
Court o f Hu st in g Lon don , .

S eh mi d : or F A tte sc h mi d th e .
, ,
Atty F A th e Atte ; F r Athe e ; .
, , .
,

obsel et e fo rm ; R i tte rsc h mi d an ,

se e Atto ( at the ) -
.

arrn o rer w h o be lo n ge d once to A u brav Aubre y Aub ry A u be rv .

,
,

th e l owe r o rde rs o f n obi l ity .

Fr Teut E l f Rul e r ; Aubrey
.
, .
,
-

A th erst0 11 e— l oe Wa rw B unt H un d R ; loc Yo rks

'

. . . .
, .

Aube rt — see H e rbe rt

.
,
.

Athe rton — loc L an es ; Robe rt d e .

Auch inleck— loc Ayr

.
,

Ath erton sh e ri f f o f Lan es A D . .

, .

Au dl e y— loc Es sex S ta ff s
.
,
.
,

1206 .
. .
, .

A th o rn e—F rom Atte Ho rn ; loc -

.
Au dsl e y From Au dl e y ; loc .
,

A th orp e— D Attru p ; loc an d p S ta f f s .

Au e r— G
,
. . .
,

o r f rom Autho rpe ; l oc L ines . .

. a rive r an d a p lace i n
.
.

A th o w — From H ath ow ; loc B ava ri a ; s ee Avel in e .

.
,
Aue rbach Ge r a b rook a rivu let -

L i n es ; see Atto
. . .
, ,
.

A tk in Atkins Atkin son — see Atto th ere fore a place n am e -

.

Au ge r— G Au ga r ; p ; s ee A g g s
.
.
,

A tl ay N Atl i ; S At l e r ; p ; .
, . .

A u g sbu rg u — F rom Au gsbu rg ; p ;

. . .
, ,

A ti l i e a S axon tenant in D B
,
. .
,
.

o r f rom Atl ow ; loc De rby s ; D Au gsbu rg i s a c ity in B ava ri a .

An g us— s ee An gu s
.
, .

B E tel aw
.

.
, .

Au gu stin e A ugu stin Au gu stu s

Attenbo rou gh — Io c
,
N otts n ea r
.

;
Au g ust ; brigh t gl o ri ou s i n
. .
, .

p .
,
th e town .

coun sel .
,

Atte rbu r y — l oc
. Devo n .
, ,
or Atte r Au ke r— N
. H au k r ; F A rko ; G .
, .
,

by L i n es ,
.

Hau ke H an k : F l H au c q ; Deh .

Atte rsl ey— se e Attl ee

.
, .
,

. . Au kes ; D Ha rke ; p .
. .

Attfi el d — see H atfiel d Au klan d — l oc Du rh am

Atth i l l — F rom Atte H i ll
. .
. .

.
. a su rnam e Ault — O l d ; p
. .

a dopte d a s ea rl y a s th e fou rteenth Au stad — B el gium p .

A u stel l e r —A n exh ibi to r

.

centu ry f rom pl ace o f re s iden ce .

~
.
302 S U R N A M E B OO K .

Au stin — D Augu stin ; D B .

,
. .
,
Au Ayl ett A yl ott— D F
,
. .
,
E ile rt ; p .

gu stin ; Au stin ; p . A yl i f f e— N , E i l f f r ; . D B A i l of . .
, ,

Avant— From H avan t ; l oc Hants .

,
. E i l af p .

Aveley Av el i n g —P l Evely ; D eh
,
‘

.
,
.
,
Ayl i n g F rom H ayl in g ; loc .
,

E v el e i n ; D B Avel in ; p H ants or P l El en Eyl en ; p

A ylme r—F Hel me r p ; A i l mar a
.
, , ,
. . .
,
. .

Avel in e— From Goth Avo gran d .

,
.
, , .
,

moth e r ; al so Latin A v u s an c es , ,
tenant in ch i e f in D B . .

tor ; si mpl e form s O G Avo -

,
. .
, ,
A yl sworth — see E l sworth .

O vo O uo ; 8th C E n g O ve y ;
,
.
,
Aylwa rd— N Egi l h j ortr ; F Egi l .
,
-
.
,

F r Avl ; d im O G Av il a Av e
.
,
. . .
, ,
ha rdt E i l art ; D E l l eg aard E y
, .
, ,

l in a ; E n g Avel i ne Av el i n g , , , la rd ; P l A l l eg aard ; D B Age .

, . .
,

Evelyn ; F r A v el in e ; Comps .
,
. l u u ard , A i el u ert, A i l u u ard ; G , .

Eng H ava rd Avery Aver , , ,

E bl ert p ; see Egly , . .

Ayre— From Ayr ; loc , S co tl ; s e e

,

O we r H avi lan d H owman ; F r

, ,
.
, . .

Ava rt Ava re Aue r ; M G An i

, ,
. .
,
Ave ry .

l an d Ayeman n ,
. Ayrto n — loc Yo rks .
, .

Av en el l — N orman F r ; p ; D B -
. . . .
,
A ysc o u g h — F rom Aysgarth ; loc .
,

Aven el W Aven el in R ot O bl .
, . . Yo rks .

et F i 11 K in g John .
,
. Ayto11 —
l oe .
,
B e rwick Yorks , .

Ave rel l From Have rh il l ; l oc .

,

S uff B
Ave rett— d im o f Ave r y
.

3aad sg aard — Dan boat ya rd

l aalam B aal h am—From B aylham ;
. .
,
.
.

Av e rson — S on o f Ave ry .
.

Ave r y— From Ev reux ; l oc Nor ,

loc S u f f ; s ee B ellamy
.
, . .

m an dy ; Cecil de E v e rc u s in Rot . Baas — D B a sse ; D c h B ass B aS .

, .
, ,
'

O bl et Fi n K in g Joh n F l B ae s p
A w d ry—From
,
. . . . .
,

S t A w d ry ; S t . .
l abbe l — Ge r p B a rbara .
, .
, .

E th el d re d a E l y ,
. Babbin gt on — l oc C orn w N orth s .
, .
,
.
,

Axel sen — Dan S 0 11 o f Axel .

,
. N otts S ome r s .
,

Axel son — S can d S 0 11 o f A xel . . B abbit B abb itt— A d im o f B a r

. .

Ax for d— l oc W1l ts .
,
. ba ra p .

A x h am — From Hexh am ; loc .

, B abbs — G B abi sc h B abst ; p .
, ,
.

N o rth d . B abcock— Ba rtholomew the cook , ,

Axley— P robably a co rrupt ion o f o r d im o f B a rbara . .

Axton . Bach — B rook or rivul et .

Axon — D eh H ak steen ; p .
, . R acham — B rooklet ; l oc an d p . .

Axtel l — P robabl y th e val ley o f th e B ac h d u l l — S low b rook ; E n g p -

, .

R ive r A x . Bach elor — see B atch elo r .

Axton — P robabl y A e ec e s ston e ’

. B acke r— th e bake r ; sam e as B ake r .

Aycock — see Ha ycock ; p Backhou se— D c h B ackhau s ; p ;

Aydelotte A yd l otte Aydelotte—A
. .
, .

. . hous e by th e b rook .

d im o f A yl otte ; E n g su rname ; B acklun d— B rookl an d ; A S p

B ac kman —B rook man or dwel l er
.
. . .
, .

Wal te r A yl et Hun d R , .
.
-
.

A ye rs A yres— F l E yer ; E ye rs ; p
, .
, . by a b rook ; see B ac h am .

Aylesbu r y— loc B ucks .

, . B ac k u t— see B ucket .

A yl et —see Ayl ett . Bacon B acon e— D ri e d wood ; loc

, .
,
 304 S UR N A M E B O O K .

B al la— see B al d en s Ba mford— Wh ite dwel le r at a for d ;

B al l am—see B aal am
.

. Eng p ,
.

B al l an g e r— see B al l inge r . B ange r B ange rt— D eh B en g ert ;

, .
,

B al lard— F l B al at ; p ; see Bal l p

B an g e rte r—Ge rm p
. . .
,
.

B all en ger— see B all inger . . .

B all entine— see B annatyn e ; Cel t .

,
—
B angs D Bang ; G B an ke ; D eh .
, .
, .
,

belon gs to B al l en d een o r B al in B ank Bange rt ; D B B an g i ard ;

, . .
,

dean ; S c otd B a ile a town or .

, ,
p .

fa rm . Bauh an1— loc N o r f .

,
.

B al l inge r— From B al l ingham ; loc .

, B an i ste r B ann ister — F rom B an
,

IIe re f . stea d ; l oc E s sex S u rrey ; A dam .

, ,
“
B al l ingham — E n g p ,
. B an aster i n Rot O bl et Fin . . .
,

B allon— Celt l ittl e town .

,
.
K in g Joh n ; B an estre oc cu rs i n
B al ly— A town ; E n g p , . cop ies o f the Rol l o f B attle A h
B alme r From B al mi re ; l oc bey
—
.
, .

Cu mb . B an ks l oc Yor ks ; or D S ; De h .
,

— B el
. .
,
.

B al mf to B am ford ; p
o rth .
,
. B an c k e ; P l B an ke r ; p ; dwel le r .
, .

B al se r —d im o f th e prope r nam e . at the moun d o r embankment

B aum — S la yer A S
.

B althasa r
B a11 n atyn e —
.
, . .

B altze r— Same a s B al se r F rom B an n oc k ti n e ; p

B anne r—D c h p
.

B alton — Va r o f B al dwi n ; p
.

. . . .
,

B alwin — B el —tas sah —za r keepe r o f ,

B an n e rman Dc h B on n e rman ; p
~
.
,

Bann iste r— see B an i ste r

.

th e Lord s treasu res ’

.

Bannon — Celt wh ite fa i r ; I r p

.

B ambridge— F rom B emb ridge ; l oc .

, .
, , .
, .

Cu mb H ants .
,
. Bant in B anting— D eh p
, .
,

—
.

B ambrou g h — see B ambu ry .

B a ya rd D D c h B an ge rt ; p ;
11 .
, .
, .

B ambu ry— From B a mbu r gh ; l oc .

, dwell e r at th e bean yard ?
L in cs N o rth d O xon .
,
.
,
.
—
Baptist P rope r n ame m uch u se d
~

B am ford— l o e Lane s Derb ys

-

, ,
. i n Au st 131 .

B ampton— loc Devon B arad al e l oc A yrsh

—
,
.
,
.
.
, .

Ox f .
,
V Vest md .
B arbe r F O
ro m S t B a rbe su r Gai l
B an khea d— E n g p
.

B an c k h ead , ,
. 10 11 ;
loc i n N orma ndy wh ere .
,

B anc ro ft — From B ran c ro f t ; loc

,

.
, was th e cel ebrate d Abbe y o f S t .

Yorks ; dwe ll e r at a sm al l bean .

B a rba ra ; o r F r B a rbe B a r .
, ,

fiel d . bi au x B arbry ; D eh
, B a rbe ; G
B an del— From F r B au nel ; p
.
, .
,

.
, .
B a rbe r ; p ; B a rn ard B a rd an d .

B an d e rho f f — Ger
, ,

pl ace name .
,
-
. de B a rbes ten ants i n D B ; S t , . . .

B andl e y— see B ran dley .

B a rbe i s on th e Roll o f B attle
B an d re w — D well e r at B ath s ; E n g , Abbe y ; Wi l l am de S t B arbara .
,

p .
B i shop o f D u rham A D 1143 ;
B an dt — Va r o f F r B an n el
, . .

. .
, .
B arbe r o f B a rbou r a ham l et in ,

B an e B ane y , N B enn i r ; F .
,
.
, Du mba rton sh i re ; o r F r B a rbie r .
, ,

B aine B euno ; D B B ann Ba in ; , . .

, ,
B arbi eu r ; p .

S B een ; F l B ein e B ehn B een ;

.
, .
, , ,
a —
B rbe y F r Ba rbe B arbet B a r .
, , ,

D eh B en eu B e i en B en i e r B en
.
,
-
, . ,
bey ; p Hugo B a rbatu s i n D B ;
.
. .

ne r B eno ; p ,
. H ugh with th e bea rd .
 AL PI IA B E TIC A L IND E X . 305

Ba rbou r—see B a rbe r . or N . .B j arn i ; G B arn att , Bar

Barcla y— see B e rkl ey . n e rt ; Fl B e rn e rt ; p
.
,
.

Ba rds le y— loc L an e s .
,
. B arn e y l oc N o r f .
,
.

B a rdwel l — loc S ti f f .
,
. i l arn g roc e r An En g p an d tra de . .

B a re — see B ea r . n ame .

Ba re foot— see B a r foot i arnh a r t — see B a rnh ard

f a rnhu rst — Place n ame
. .

l i aren tsen B aren tso n — S on o f B a ’

.
i .

'

re n t l i arn e sd al e l oc . , Y o rk s .

B a rett— F r Teut b ri gh t ; p .
. .
.
.
IJ arn sl ey— l oo ,
D o rs et .

B ar foot From B a r fo rd ; l oc .
, Ba rn s 0 11 S on o f a dwell e r at th e -

Wor e N or f Camb O x f ; or
,
. . .
. ba rn ; E n g p , .

Ba rforth Yorks ; o r D B arf od ; B a rnum — E n g

’

.
.
.
p ; a wa rrio r s ,
.

hom e .

B ar f u s . B a r fus s — N i ckname , bare B arnwel l— loc Ayr ; o r B a rn evil l e .

,
.
,

footed . N orman dy .

B a rg B a rge — Deh p
,
.
, B a ron — loc N o rman dy .
,
.

l a rge r— s e e B a rke r . B a rr— loc Ayrsh i re ; or N B an g r ;

.
,
.
,

Ba rkdol l B arkdu ll — Va r o f Ba r
. . D B a rr : Fl B a r : F r de l a
.
,
. .
,

c la y ; E n g p ,
. B a rre ; D B Ba r ; p . .
,
.

Ba rke r —
_

N B o rk r ; S B a rc k ;
.
. . .
B arrad al e From B o rro d al e : loc .
,

D eh B a r g e r ; F l B arke r ; G ‘

.
.
.
, Cu mb .

Ba rke r ; G B arch e ; D .
,
.
B ar ratt B arrett — S ame a s Ba rett
,
.

B a rch ; p .
B a r raclough B arrc l ou g h — En g p , ,
.

B arkl e— Va r o f Ba rclay : E n g p
B ark sh i re F rom B e rksh i re th e -
* .

,
. .
dwel le r at th e Swine Ho llow
B a rrel l — Fl Ba rel B a rcel ; D .
. ,
.

county .
B aru el ; p
B arku s — From
.

B arg u s ; l oc B arre sen — B a rr s son

’
.
, .

C o rn w
. .
Ba rr ie— loc Forfa r .
,
.

B ar kworth — F rom Barkw ith ; loc .

, B a rr in gt on — loc C a1n b Li nc s .
,
.
.

L i n es .
S ome r s ; or from
B arl ac e— F rom E n g l oc p ; , .
, ~
. Bar N orman dy .

las s .

B a rron — P robably f rom B a ron ,

B arl ey H erts .

m ean in g th e du ke Th e nam e
3ar10 1v — l o e
.

De rb y s Yorks bare . .
,
was taken f rom a s i gn .

h il l : Roge r de B a rlowe A D
B a r row— loc ; o r D B a rroe ; D eh
. .
,

1336 L an es Fi n e s
. . .
.
,
.

B a rran ; F l B a ro ; p
.
.

Ba rn — B a rnaby f rom B arn bV loc

. .
'
.

B a rrowman — E n g bel to B a rrow

.
.
,

S u ff . .

p
.

B arn ac k l e— From B arn ac re ; loc

Ba rry—A ba rri e r gateway ; Eng
.

,
.

L an es
,

p ; Ir p
.

Barna rd — N B j arn aro r ; F l B a r

.
,
. .

B a rson —S on o f B a rn ey
. . .
,

n a rd : D B B e rn a rd ; p . .
. .
.

B a rnb y— l oc Yo rks Ba rtal s ee Ba rtl ett : d im o f B a r .

th ol o mew
. .
.

B a rn es B arn s— l oc S u r re y ; B a rn e
. .
,
.

in D B . .
Ba rtan B a rten . .
B art i en . B a rt ian
Ba rn ett— F rom B a rn et : l oc H e rts ; s ee B a rto n .
306 S UR N A M E B O O K .

B artc h i e , B artsch i ,
B artc h e —F r B ates ,
B ateson ,
B atti son —B ate
’
s
I ta 1 p son .

B ath — loc S o me rs
.
,
.

B a rte r— N B ard r ; p
Bathe—D eh B eth el B eth ; p
. .
.
,
. ,

Barth— D D eh P l G p ; a contr ,
.
,
. .
, ,
.

B athu rst— l o c S u s sex

.
.
,
.
,

o f B artholomew .
.
,
.

B arth ol d i o— d im o f B artholomew . B ath y— F rom B arth olomew .

B atle y— loc Yorks

.

B artholomew— see B arth . .

, .

B arth o rp , B arth ropp , B arth ro p B ats fo rd — loc Glost S u f f .

,
.
,
.

loc L i n es .
B att— B attye ; P l B atta B atteu x .
, ,
.

B attc o c k— see B ad c oc k
,
.

Ba rtlett— G B artelt F r B artal ot ;

B attel l —see Battl e
.
.
,
.
,

p ; d im of B a rth olomew . . .

B ar ney— loc Hants Worc s B atten— F rom P l B atkin ; o r F r

.

“
.
,
.
,
. .
,
.
,

B artlome— d im o f B artholomew . . B eth une o r de Beth un e ; p .

Ba rton — loc bare town B atterh am— D B de B e rtram ; l o c .

B art son — Son o f B a rt

.
.
,
. .
,

. B atterson — see Patte rs on -

.

B asc k om— see B ascom . B attersbu ry F rom B attl e sbu ry

B ascom — From Bo scombe ; l oc .
,
loc Wi lts
.
,
.

Hants Wi lts B atte rsby— l oc Yorks

B ash am—From B attersh al l — From P at i sh u l l ; loc
.
,
. .
.
,

B a rsham l oc . .
,

N or f . S ta f f s .

B ash ford— From Ba ss ford ; loc .

, B att i sc ombe F rom B atti sc ombe :
Sta f f s . l oc Dorset
.
,
.

B askett— From th e Fr B as secou rt ; . B attle B atte l— loc S Wal es S u s

,
.
,
.
,

loc ; o r Bosqu et ; p o r D c h B as
. . . sex .

t et ; p . B att y— Al so B at y ; s ee B ath y .

B as s— loc In v eru ry H add ington ; .

, , B au e r B au r— Peasant ; Ge r p
, .
,
.

or D F r B a s se ; p ; l o w smal l B augh Baughman — En g Celt

B assett—F r d im of B ass ; Al ice
. .
.
, .
, , , .
, .
,

.
,
. bough smal l ; p . .

Le B as se Hun d R , . . B au l y F r o m B eol ey ; l oc Wo r .
,

B asta rd — D eh B ase rt ; F l B atard ; cest

B aum—Tree A nam e taken f r om
, ,
. . .

p ; i n Rol l o f Battle A bbe y an d

. .

D B ; Wm l e B a sta rd h el d l an d
. . . a s ign o f th e inn .

in Y o rks tem p K John .

, . . . B auman — Arch itect o r ca rpenter .

B astian Bastin— F r B ast ian B as, .

, ,
B aumgartne r— A man who ten d s
tien ; p ; see B ast in g trees
E asting—D eh
. . .

B asting ; D B as .
, .
,
B au sc h e r— En g B u she r ; f rom a .
,

tian ; F l B asti n ; p .
, . s i gn ( bu sh ) R eg i n al e l e B u sch
B astow— From B aston ; loc L ine s .
, er Hun d
,
Rol l s . .

B atch elor B atc h l er— D eh B agge Bau sman — B u shman ; p

B aven B av in — F rom B avent ; loc
, .
. ,
.

l aa r ; F r B ac h l ett ; G B ac h l ay ; .
, .
, ,
.
,

p . N o rman d y .

B ate— B ate s ; N B eda ; D B B e .

, . .
, B awden — l oc Co rn w .
, .

da ; D B etz ; D c h B eets ; F l
.
, .
, .
, B awn — D B aun ; P l B au w en ; p .
, .
, .

B ette B eth s B eetz B ets ; p, , , . B aw tree — From B awtry ; l oc .

,

B ateman — S B etj eman Deh B at .

, .
,
Yorks .

man ; p . Baxen dal e— pl ace n ame .

308 S UR N A M E B O O K .

B eckstea d B ec k sted— S cand c re ek B egg— see B eck

B eh rman —O I G
,
. .
,

place ; p . B eh l ert B eh r .
, ,

B eckstran d — S can d creek b an k ; p . mann B eh l e B eh n g B eh n ey

B eckst rom— S can d c reek stream ;
, , , ,

,
B ehun in B eh u n n i n B ehl ing , , ,

p B eh ren s
B eckwith —l oe Yorks
. .

B e i d e rman — A tent ; p
—
. .
,
.

B ec r o f t B eec ro,
ft En g a small .
,
B ei n k amp— pl—ace nam e .
.

bee field ; p B ej a r O G p -

B e d—N B eda ; F r B e de ; F l
.
,
. . .

.
,
.
,
.
, B e l c h am— F rom B el ch amp ; loc .
.
,

B ette ; G D eh B eth ; p ; see .

,
.
,
. E ssex .

B ate . B el che r— From B elle cou rt ; loc .

,

B e d al l F rom B e dal e ; loc Yo rks

~
.
,
. No rm an d y n ear Perrone ; B el l e
B eddoe B eddo B eddoes B e d des
, , , s u r i n Roll o f B attl e Abbey .

G B ed d au ; F r B i d au t ; p ; Es s
.
,
.
,
. .
, B el d in g — From B eltinge ; loc .
,

p .
; B ad dow ; A S wa r battl e ; . .
, , Kent .

al so Wel sh p . Bel frage From th e N orman F r - -

.

B e d f o rd — loc th e county town

.

B eau f oy L at i n i z ed into de B el l a
'

.
, ,
. .

B e d i n g fi el d — l oe Su f f ol k .
,
. Fago ; D B B el v ac o B el v ou ; p . .
, ,
.

B e d k e— Ch ann el o f a stream . B el h am— B elhomme see B aal am .

B edwel l — loc B e ds . . B el l — N B el i ; F B ela B el B el e ;

.
,
.
, , ,

B ee— D D eh B ie Bye ; N B u i ;
,

.
,
.
, ,
.
, S . B el l ; D eh B el ; F l B eal e
,
.
, .
, ,

p ; s ee B ugg
. . B el i ; p .

B eebee B ebee B eebe— From B ee

, ,
B el lamy —F r p f rom B ell em e ; .
, .
,

by ; loc L an es ; a farm e r o f bee s.

,
. loc N orman dy ; B eel h el me in
.
,

B e ech — l oc S ta f f s .
,
. Rol l o f B attle Abbe y B elam in ,

B eech e r — E n g p from beach , .

,
D B D B ei l u m ; F l B el emme ;
. . .
,
.
,

t ree . D eh B el l m ; p .
,
.

B eech in g— loc S u s sex Wi lts .

, ,
. B el le r B el le rs B el l ares— F l B el
, ,
.
,

B eeden— From B ee den ; l oc B e rks l e rs ; p ; B el eu ers in R ol l o f B at

B ee f o rth — From
. .
, .

B ea fo rd ; loc ‘
. tl e Abbe y ; Hamon B el l a rs was a
Devon . hostage to K John A D 1216 ; . .

B eel ey— E n g
.
,

pl ace name from , , ( V Vh i t w i ek Le ic s ) ,

B ee Lea -
. B ellew— F r B el lot ; p ; B ei l ew in .
,
.

B eemu s— B ee hous e ; p . B attl e Abbey ; B elot a ten ant i n ,

B ee r — Al so B ee rs ; D Deh F l ,G .
,
. . ch ie f in D B ; Gau f ri d B el ewe . .

p ; loc Devon
. .
, . an d Ro bt d e B al eew e i n Rot et . .

B ees le y B e sl e y— s ee B ea sle y
,
. Fi n K John .
,
. .

B eeson— B ee keepe r s son -

’
. B ell o B el l oe— From B el l eau ; loc
,
.
,

Be eston — l oe N or f N otts .
, .
, . N or f ; see B el l ew . .

B eeth am — s ee B etham B el lows — s ee B ell er

B e eton — F rom
. .

B e ighton ; l oc .
, B el ston — loc De von .
, .

Norf . B elton — l oc Le ics .

,
.

B eets — s ee B ates . B enbow From B enn ingb rough ;

B eev er B ive r p . l oc Yo rks .
,
.

B ee y— see B ay . B ench B en ce — N ,
B en s i ; Deh .
,
.
,

B egbi e— F rom B igby ; loc Li n es .

,
. B en se ; p .
 A LP H A B ETI CA L I N D EX . 309

B en dal l — D B en d ah l B en da i ; .
, , coas t ( p rovin ce o f P ome ran i a )
D eh Ben del ; p o f Pru ss ia
B en d e r—D Dc h F l G p B e rg g en —S mountain branch
. .
,
.

B en d in g—D B enth in ; Deh B en

.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, . .
, .

.
,
.
, B ergl un d— S m ounta in grove .
, .

d ien B entinck ; p
,
. B e rgman — S a m ine r ; to sort th e ,

B en don From B enton loc .

, ore f rom oth e r ston e s .

N o rth mbd . B e rgn e r— M an o f th e h il l s .

B en ed ict— Ro l l o f B attl e Abbey ,

—
B e rgqu ist S vi l lage o n the h i ll ; .
,

page 54 whence cam e B ennett , , mounta in bran ch .

B enson Ben n ie B e nn B enne B e rgsj o— S can d moun ta in l ake

B e rgst rom—S m ountai n stream
, , , .
, .

ston B en ison
B en ee— B en ett B ennett—see B en e
. .
, ,

B e rg u son — B e rg s son
.

, .

d ict Be ris— Dwel l e r at a h i l l

B en fi el d — F rom B e rk —
. .

B en efi el d ; loc B i rch tree

B e rkin —
,
. .

N orthants . see B e rk .

B en fo rd— From B ai n sf ord ; l oc .

,
B erkh an sen — B e rk ( bi rch ) Han
St i rl in g . s en ; D son o f Han s .
, .

B en g tz en B en gt son — se e B en son
,
. B e rk e n sh aw B e rk i n sh aw — Dwel le r
,

B enh am— F rom B e nh olm e ; loc .

, at a b i rch — grove .

K in ca rd in e B e rkl e y— Al so B erkel ey ; loc Gl os

'

.
.
,

B e rl in — place name
.

B en n in gt on B en n ion— loc L i ne s
B en sc h n e i d er—O G ch ie f ta il or
.
, , .

. .
,
. B e rn a rd s B e rnh ards
, Wa rr io r .

B en s on — N B enn i an d B en s i ; F brave
—
,
. .
.
,

B enn e ; d im o f B en e d ict ; S B e rn dt O l d Ge r o rigin

'

. .
, from .
.

B enzon ; D B en gt sen B en d sen be ro n ow bea r ; E n g bea r

B e rnh agen —H igh —
.
, , , , , .

B enzen ; D c h B ens e ; D B .
,
. .
, bea r .

B enz ; p B ern h i sel — B ea r i sl e -

B en stead — F rom B e rn i e—E n g d im bea r

. .

B en ste d ,
B in , .
.

stead ; l oc H ants S us s ex B e r q u i st— B ear quest -

—
. . .
, , .

B entl ey B en tl y— l oc 1n Yo rks B e rrett B a rrett i n R ol l o f B attl e

B entson —see B enson
. .
, ,

A bbe y ; s ee B o rret
B e n z l ey B en sl e y—loc Ayr
. .

,
.
, B e rri dge From B e rw i c h ; loc
B e rbi d g é— see B u rb i dge
.
,

E s se x
B erri l l — From
. .

B e rg— H il l mounta in ; p , . B e rg h i l l ; b righ t

B e rgau — A pastu re o r m ea dow i n stream
—
.

th e h il l s B e rry l o c N o rman d y ; o r from

B e rge— H i ll s ; p
. .
,

. th e I ris h O B eara : p ’

Be rget— H il lock ; p
.

B e rrv essa— B e rry ; dwell e r at a

B e rge r—M i gh t be a pl ace name
.

,
h il l
.

f rom B e rgen B e rtel son B e rtel sen B erth el son

B e rge sen —D p
.
.
,

.
.
. S on o f B e rt ram .

B e rge son — S on o f th e h il l s ; S p . . . B erto c h — B e rt brigh t g lor iou s . . .

B e rg ebd o rf f — S can d B e rg ( h ill ) ; , B e rt ram B e rtrum — B righ t glo ri

,
,

-
do r f ( v il lage ) v illage on th e
, , ou s .

h i ll
.
B e rwic k— loc E ss ex N o rth mbd . .

B e rgen — An i sl an d o n th e n orth
. .
,

Wi lts .
310 S UR N A M E B OO K .

B ery man — Dwe ll e r at a h il l ge r ; D eh B o d c kk e ; F l , B uke r

B e sant—From
.
, ,
. .

F .
,
B ai sant ; a Hu B u scher ; F r , B u che r ; . D B . .
,

gu enot n ame . B o sc h e r ; p .

B esn e d o rf e rs place n ame — Ge r .

, . B ex tran d — A S ax B ecca ; axe .
-
.
, ,

B e sl e y— B ee —meadow . stra n d a shore beach , , .

B es s— Fem dim o f El izabeth ;

_

. . B e ynon — F r B in on ; p .
, .

metron ym ic . B ezz an — R el ate s to Byzantium .

B e ssan — B esant ; p lace name . B ezzant B ezant— F r B a isant ; a , .

,

B e ssle r— Ge r . Huguenot n am e .

B e st— D D c h Fl G ; p .
,
.
,
. . B iby B ibb y— see B eebee
,

B eswic k— l oe Yorks
.

.
,
. B i ck F r B icke B ieque G B ick
~
.
, , .
,

B etham— l oc VV e stmd ; Ral p h d e .

, . p .

B etham wa s a ben e f acto r to Fu r B i cke ll B ickl e— F r D eh B ickel ;

, .
, .
,

n es s Abbe y Hen r y I I , . D B ich el ; p

.
,
.

B ethe l B eth e rs — G B eth el ; P l

, .
, .
,
B i cke rton — loc N or f .
, .

B e eth el p . B ick fo rd — l oe S ta f fs .
, .

B etsw o rth B ettesw o rth From ,

B ickl e y— l oc Kent Wo rc e st ; or .
, , .

B etchwo rth ; loc Su rre y .

, . B i ckl e igh Devon , .

B ett— F l B ette ; D eh G B eth ; p

.
, .
,
.
, . B ickmo re— F rom B ickno r ; loc .
,

B ettel e y— From B etl ey ; loc Staff s Gl os H ere f Kent

B i ckn el l —From B ickenhal l ; loc
.
, . .
, .
, .

Bettes — M et ron ym i c ; d im son of .

, .
,

B ett y S ome rs
B id dl ecome—B i d dle ; see B i d d ol p h
. .

B ettey B ett y B etsey— N icknam e o f

, ,

El izabeth ; or f rom A S B ett i . .

, . o r B edell .

B ettri dge — En g a d e scen dant o f .

,
B i d d o l p h B i ddul p h — loc S ta f f s , .
, .

the u p lan d s ; A S B an d u ri c . .
,
. B id good — From B i d ac ott ; loc .
,

B etts— see B ate s . Devon .

B etty l i on — F r pl ace name .

, . B i g gs B i gg— D B ig ; G B i ek ;
. .
,
.
,

B euhl e r— O l d Ge rman D eh B i cke r ; p

B iglow—From B agul ey
.
.
, .

Beutl e r— O l d Ge rman . .

B evan — F l B ev en ot B ev i n g ; p ;
.
, ,
. B i g b y B igsb y B ixb y— l oc Notts
. , .
, .
,

B evan an d B ev in occu r in Rot . Yorks .

O bl et Fin K John B ilb y— l oc N otts ; O I B e i l by ‘

B eve ri dge — E n g
. .
. . . .
, .
,

th e beave r ,
Yorks .

ma rsh . B il lete r B il lett— N F r B el et ; p

, .
, .
, .

B e v e rl an d — E n g beave r lan d ,
-
. B ill in g— loc L an es N o rthants , ,

B eve rle y— E n g beaver lake or , Yo rks ; cont r o f B il lingham ; or .

stream . D S B il l in g ; F l B il len ; D c h
. .
, .
, .
,

B evin gt on — loc L an es B ill e ; p

B ev in s—F l B ev i n g B ev en see ; p
,
. . .

, . B ill in gt on— loc S ta f f s

B evi s — F rom B eauvai s l oc France
. .
, , .

.
, B il ton — From B il ston ; loc S taff s .
, .

Fl .B eve rs ; F r B eau fil s ; p ;
, .
,
. B ingh am — l oc Notts ; Hu go an d .
. .

goo d ch il d ; W B e au fi z de Rva in . Robe rt de B i n g eh am in R ot O bl . .

Rot O bl et F i n K John a. et Fin K John ; ( N otts )

B in gl e y—loc Yorks
. . . . .
. . .

B ew sh e r— N B ucke r ; D B odk er ; . . .
,
.
, .

G B ottch e r a c oope r ; S B ott

.
, ,
.
, B inks — D B in g B in k ; A S .
, , .
-
.
,
312 S UR N A M E B OO K .

B lock— D B lok ; D eh F l B lock ; .

. .
,
.
,
B. Boch e : D
. B oeck B ooek .
, .
°

F r B l oc ; p
.
,
. D eh Bock B o eg B ok : G B ock . . .
, ,

B lood — A cont raction o f ap Llo yd -

. B oge p th e beach meadow ; Fr .
-

B loom B loe 111— S B l om ; D an d

. .
. . B och e an ugl y h ead . .

Fl B lom B lum : D eh B loem

.
, ,
.
, . Il o c k er— M ea dow worke r -
.

B lom B l um : G B l u h n B l um ,
.
, . . Bocock— see B oocock .

Blume : p ; fl o w e r n am e .
-
. B od d in gton — loc Wi lts an d H e re f
-
.
, .

B l o omfi el d — G Bl um en fel d ; p ; . , . B o di l y B o d i l l y— see B ad d el ev

,
.

fl o w e r fi el d -
. B odkin D B odecker ; D eh B o d .
,
.
.

Bl os som — see B l oxh am . de ke ; p .

B lowe r B l owe rs — D B loes ; p ; a

. .
, . B od y— N B od d i ; d im o f Bod .
. .

sm ith y . v a rr ; D B B oda B od in B od . .
, , ,

B lo x ham — F rom B l oxh am ; p loc . .

, du s B od in g B ote r B oti B ot ;
. , , ,

L i n es hom e o r e state . . F r Bode : D Bod i B od in Bott ;

.
, .
, . ,

E lo y ,B lo ye— From Blo i s ; loc .

, Fl B o d h y B od y : G B od s ,
.
,

No rman d y . B ode ; S B ode B od in ; D eh .

, . .

B l u et— s ee B l e w et ; o f l iv i d com ‘
B od d e B ode B o d d ae rt Bodt . . ,

p l ex i on . B otte r B ott ; p . .

B luhm — see B loom . Doe de — B oeh lke B o ehme B oek . .

B l u n d el l F r B lon del : p ; Robe rt .

, . weg B oel B oe re n a B o esl u n d
, , , .

Blun del in Rot et Fi n K Joh n ; . .

. . B o e ren s B oettch e r ; Norman ,

fa i r . F ren ch .

Bl un t— N B l u n d r : D B B l u n d ; . B oge rt— D eh F l B ogae rt ; D eh .

.
.
, .
,

p : see B lun del ] B o g aard t ; p

Bohn B oh n n e—Ge r sl a ye r ; p
. . .

B l v— G B l ei B l o v : D eh Bl e i j
.
. ,
.
. , , .
,
.

B l oys ; D B B l e i o ; p ; cal m . . . .
,
B oh n e— B ean .

smooth . Bohl in B oh l in g —S Boll in . .

, .

Bl yth e— loc N o rthbd N otts : see .

, .
. . B ohn e r B oh n e y— Ge r comp o f , .
, .

B l y : a rive r n am e . B oh n .

B o arban k— see B owe rban k .

Hold e rs — see Bal de rs .

B oa rd B oo rd— D eh B o rd c s : D
. .
l oll an d — l oc Yo rks . . .

B . Borda ; dwel l e r at a cotta g e

. .
B ol la rd F r Boul ard : p .

B oa rdman — see B orda rs ; S Ba r .

,
E l l in gton — loc Es se x .
, .

ing Goul d pa g e 116

-

. .
B o l l sc h w e i l l e r— Ge r —Swi s s name ; .

B oa se B oaz D .
fioas B oe se -
. .
weil e r a ham let , .

B oh se : D eh B oas : Fl B oe s ; .
.
3o l l w i n k el — \Vinkel a c o rn er .

F r Bou s : G B oas B oo s ; D B
.
. .
, . . .
,
B o l sh a w — From B al sham ; l oc .
,

Bose ; p ; Heb . . Camb .

B oatman — O ccu p ation nam e .

B ol ste r From B o l ste rston e ; l oc .
,

B obbe rg Bobe rg— S p Yorks ; o r B ou l ston e H e re f

B o l t B ol ts—D D eh
. .
. .
. .
,

B obbit— D eh B obbe rt : p .
p ; fo r B old .
,
.
, .

Bol ton — loc ; bol d fa rm o r enclos

.
. .
_

B obb y — N B ofi : D B B ubba : G . .
. .
.
.
,

B ube B obe r B obi sc h : S B ob .

u re .

B ond — N B ond i : D B on d ; S
, . .

be rg ; D B obe ; D eh B obbe .
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
, .
,

B obee : p .
Bon de ; Fl B on d u e ; D B . .
,

B ock B oak B o ag — N
,
B ogi ; D . .
, .
B ond e B on d i Bun d i ; p .

, .
 ALP H A B ETI CA L I N DE X . 313

l one From Bohon : loc Nor .

,
s p el l ed Do rman th e man wh o h as .

man dy : o r F r 30 11110 11 : D eh .
.
.
, cha rge o f th e brutes .

Boon : G B oh n : D Fl B O 11 : . . f o rn D D c h G B orn ; p ; se e .
,
.

B o n eh i l l — l oc
.
. .
,

S ta f f s ; or B onh il l .
. .
Bou rn e .

Dumba rton ; o r Fl B o n c el s ; F r . .
.
,
B o rn e r — F r B orn e : p . .
,

B onn el l ; Deh B on el ; p .
. .

l o rret— N B e rg IIaro r ; D B -
-

l o n fi el d — se e B onv il l e
.
,
. .
.

B o rg ret B o rret B u rgh a rd B u r

B o n eh am—loc
.

l on h am
. .
,

.
S ome r red B u rret B orred ; D Bor re .
. . ,

set .

gaa rd : Fl B o rret ; G B u rc h ard t .

. .
,
l o11 i f ac e G B on i fac ius ; .
,
Bu rgha rdt : F r B ou rret ; p .
,
.

F r Bon i face ; p
Bos s— F r B os se ; D B os s ; G
.

B on e r — F r
.
.

B on ne r B onna rd .
,
' .
, .
, .
,

D eh B os s ; p
.

B onneau B on heu r ; p .
,
.

Bon 11ett—F r Bonn et : p ; B on nat B os sa rd B ossa rt B ossh ard B os s

.
.

h a rdt B osha rd B o sh ard t—Fro m

, . .
. .
.

an d S t Bonn et : l oc F rance . .
. .

D eh B os sen ; I tal B u sso re bu r

B onn ey B onn y — F r B onn e ; p .
,
.
.
,
.
, .

ley to str i ke ; comp form ; E n g

.

B onvi ll e — loc n ea r Rou en N o r .

, .
, .
,

i n an dy
Bos sa r d ; Ge r B osh ard t ; p .
, .

B o s sey— F r B ossi s or B osu et ; p

.

Boocock— Deh B oock ; D B . . .

Boston — loc L i n es
,
. . .

B ook ; p ; ch m o f N B u i ; p ; .
,

B oswel l — F r B o ssev i l l e : p ; B os
.
. .
. .
,

see Bugg

B oodl e—F rom B ootl e ; loc L an es

. .
.
,

v il le ; B osv il le ; loc N o rman dy .

,
.

B oswo rth — loc Le ics

,
.
,

C u mb .
,
.

B ooke —see B oocock Bothwel l— loc

.

Lanark ; or Bot .
,

B oone —
.

B oh un : th e n ame is stil l wel l M i d dle sex , .

Bott B otte— s ee B od y ; B ri e n B ot
‘

extan t a s B on e an d B oon e .
.

i n Rot O bl et F in K John
.

B oos e y — F rom B ows ey ; loc S ta f f . . . . .

B otteri l B otte ri l l — F r B ottrel ; p

.
.
,

o r D B oes e B u sse ; D eh B o ss e ;
. . . . .
,
.

G .B ose ; F r B u s s y B uz i ; D
,
.
, ,
.
B ottom— A S B otn th e h ea d o f a . .
. ,

B B uc i ; p
. .
val l ey ; al so B ottome .

Booth — l oc D e rbysh : o r D D eh B otw ri g h t— B o te ri c i n D B . .

B ouch e r— F r p : s e e B owke r
,
. .
, ,

Fl B u d e B u d de ; p ; dwe l le r at
.
. . .
. , . .

a h ut or stal l ; see B utta rs B ou l te r F r B olte ; p e a .

B oulton — From B olton ;

.

B oram B orh am— From B ore ham ;

.
B ou l ten .

l oc Wi lt s S us sex E s se x
.
, , , .
loc L an es etc
.
, . .

B o rg— Fo rt o r castl e . B ou n d B own — F l Bawen B awin ;

. . . .

Bo rge r— A bu rgvo gt ; c itizen ove r .

D B oun ; p
.
. .

s ee r . B oun dy— D B ond e ; p ; see B on d .

~
. .

B orgeson— A c iti zen s son

’

. Bou rke B u rke F r d e Bu rgo ; p

.
.
,
.

B o rg q u i st— S fo rt b ran ch .
. . . th e strongh ol d .

B o rg sh am— Fo rt h ou se . . B ou rn B ou rn e— l oc D ev on Li n c s
. .

B orgstrom — S s tream l et n ea r th e .
. N or f S ome r s S u f f ; a bu rn o r
. . ,
.

bu rg o r castle b rook
B orlan d—From
. .

B u rlan d ; l oc .
,
B ou ttel l — F r B outel B o ute i l le ; . . .

Yorks .
p : B otev i l l e in Rol l o f B attl e
.

Bor 111an — D eh Pl S B orman ; .

. .
. .
, Abbey .

p ; B ea rwa rd o r B e rw ard ; o ften

.
, R o v e r — N B o d v arr ; Fl B ou f f a rd . .
, ,
 314 S UR N A M E B O O K .

B ouvie r ; D eh B ouwe r B ou v e ; Bowye r— B ow year D eh B o w i er ; .

, , ,
.
,

F r B eau fou r ; p
.
,
p ( bow make r ) . .
-
.

—
B ow c h e r see B owke r B ox — loc Wilt s ; D P l B oc k .
,
'

Bowden —loc Ches t ; Le ics N o r

.
. .
, ,

G B o c h s ; D eh.
,
B ox ; D B .
, .
,
.
,
. .
,

th an t s Roxbu rgh ,
B och e ; p . .

B owd ich B o w di d g e ,
B owd itch B ox al l — loc He rts , .
,
.

E n g ; bel on gs to B owd itch ; Dor B o yack— F B oyk e ; d im o f B oy ; . .

set ; app th e ( a rch e d ) b ri dge . D B oeck ; F l B oek D B .

,
.
, ,
. .
,

ditch ; M E an d D ia l E B oche ; p ; see B oy

Bow ( e ) an arche d bri dge ; O B o yce—D
.
. .
, , , . .

+
,
Pl B oyes ; p see . .
,
.
,
.

E . boga a ben d bo w M E
, ,
B oosey ,
. .
, .

d ich ( e ) O E d ic
,
Boycott— loc S al op . .
,
. .
, .

B owen — F l B oen ; D c h We lsh B o yd — F r B o yard ; p ; o r Gael i c

.
,
.
, , .
,
.
,

B owen ; p ; A p —O wen or son o f bo i dh ; Ce lt o f yel l ow compl ex

.
, .
,

O wa in ; s i re n ame ion ; yel low ha ired .

-
.

B owe r Bowe rs —,
1oc S ta f f s Boydel l — G B eu d el ; p .
,
.
. .

B owe r s son ; B owe r ; dwel le r at Bo yden — va r o f B owden or B 0

’
.

a cottage den ; a bent o r c rooke d v al ley ;

B owe rban k—loc cottage at a bank
.

see B owden .
, .

o r em in ence B o y e r — F r p ; see Bowye r

Bowes B owe s s — Gen it o r p 1 o f B oyl e—From the I ri sh O bao i g h i l l
.
.
,
. .

'

. .
, , ,

Bow ( e ) an a rched b r idge ; see p

Bo ynton — From
.
,

Boase B oyton ; loc .

,

B owke r— F r B ou eq u est B ou ch e ;
.

L an e s
B o ys —B oi s o r d e B oi s The re a re
.
.
, ,

B ouch er ; G B anke ; p ; N .
,
. .
, , .

B an g r; ; n ick n ame fi v e fam il ie s th at bore th e name . .

B owle r F r B oul a rd ; G B ull e r ; B oys i s st il l fo un d a s a su rn ame

B raby— From B rawb y
,
. .
.
,

p ; see B ul l .
,

B owl es— F D c h F l B oel s ; p ; .

,
S can d dwel l e r at th e b roa d en .
,
.
,
. .
,
-

s ee B ul l . closu re o r fa rmstea d .

B owman — E n g 1 a rch er ; 2 bow B race— F r Latin a rm ; a n ick , , ,

.
, ,

make r ; O E boga a bow —man name o r f rom a t ra den ame ;

. .
, , .
.

Bown B own e— A S can d read y

,
A Fr doubtl es s sho rt for .
,
.
, , .
-
.
,

ale rt ; M E boun bown ; O N . brace gi rdle .

, , . .
,
-
.

bu i n n ; F r belonging to B oun B rack— From th e Goth bri c an ; A

.
, , ,
.

or Bohn e Bohai n ; A i sne S b racan ; O H G ; b rechan to

, . .
,
. . .
,

B owr in g— F l B au rai n g ; p ; Eng break c ru sh or beat ; s impl e

.
, . .
, ,

or S can d ; bel onging to B own es s . for ms ; O G B ra ch io ; 6 th cen t . .

, .

o r B ou l n ess ( th e B ol d P romon E n g B rack B rake B reach B rick , , , , ,

to r y ) ; O E
+
N B rigg B ray P ri gg P ra y ; F r
. .
, .
, , , , .
,

bal l ( d ) r ; bo l d O E n aess O
-
B rac q B reck B rique B reau ; . .
z .
, , ,

N n es a p rom ontor y The v i l

.
, d im E n g B reakel l B rickel l . .
, , ,

l age stan ds on a rock p roj ectin g P rickle B ri x i D B B rixey , , . .

, ,

into the Solwa y N at Gaz B ri x B ri ggs Fr P rec l i n ; .

-
. .
, , .
,

Bowse r— F r B eau ssi eu o r B ou s Comps E n g

.
, B rian d B riant .
, , ,

sard ; p ; s ee B ouch e r . l i fe sp i rit ; B rach e r B r icke r .

, , ,
316 S UR N A M E B OO K .

r ive f rom B rai n i n Cote d O r o r

’

, tl e Abbe y ; see B ran d ; E n g ,

f rom B ra in e in O i se . B ranch ( B enj am in B ranch e ,

B ra in a rd — n —
E n g th e A g S ax pe r .
,
. H un d R ) occu rrin g ve r y o ften
.
,

sona l nam e B regen ; app f rom , wit h the de though John de l a .

brego p rin ce king ; see B rack , ,

. B rau n c h e ( F o f Y 1451 ) sug . .
,

B rai th e w ai te — l oc Yorks ; S can d .

,
. .
, gests l oc al origin o r pe rh aps a
belonging to B ra ithwaite th e ,
s i gn .

broa d cl earing ; O N
- —
b re i r . .
, ,
B ran d— N B ran dtr ; D B randt ; .
, .
,

b roa d — p v e i t clearing ,
. S B ran de r ; D eh G B ran d ; p ;
.
, .
, .
, .

B rale y B rail e y — see B rai d l ey ;

,
B ran d in Rol l o f B attle Abbe y
Eng dwel le r at th e b rae —l ea a
, ,
an d B B ; Teut fi rebran d
. . .
, ,

brow o r h il l — slope sword ; a B ran d was a gran dson

B ra il s ford —E n g
.

bel on gin g to , o f Woden ; th e name occu rs in

B rai ls ford ; A D 1273 B rai l i s . . D B
. .

ford ; l oc De rb ysh i re .
,
. B ra n c h l ey— s ee B ranch .

B rak sp e ar— Fro m B raceby ; loc .

,
B ran dl ey— see B ran d .

L i n es ; see S h ek esp eare an d B ran don — loc N orfol k Su f f ol k ; .

, .

Wi n sp eare E n g ; belongin g to B randon the

B ramal l B ramh al l — loc Che s ; be
.
,

,
.
,
. fi re ( beacon ) down o r h il l ; th e
l on gin g to B ramhal l th e brambl e , h igh o r steep down or h il l .

slop e o r corn e r . B randt— se e B ran d ; al so B rent .

B rambl e— From B rambel ey ; l oc .

,
—
B ran d is see B rent ; B ran d i s may
M i d dl x . be th e conve rse o f th e O G . .
,

B rame— D B ram ; D B B reme ; .

, . .
,
n ames Ysb ran d Isan bran d i ron , ,

S B rehm ; Fl B rame B rem s ;

.
,
.
, ,
sword .

D eh B rehm B rem ; F B rem e r ;

.
, ,
.
,
B ran e r— see B ran .

p ; see B raham
. .
B ran d f o rd — loc Wo rc est .
, .

B rake — F l B racke ; p ; see B rack B ran g— see B rann

B rangan —see B ranagan
.
.
, . .

B raml e y— loc Yo rks ; bel onging

B ranh am B rannan B rann i n—d im
.
, . .

to B raml ey the bramble l ea ,

-
.
, , .

B ramme r— G B rame r ; F r B rame ; .

, .
,
o f B ran n ( Cel t )
D B ramme r ; p
.
, . B rann ; Cel t a raven ; al so a c row .
, .

B ramov el — see B ramwel l . B ran scombe— l oc Devo n ; B ran ; .

,

B rampton— B elonging to B ramp Celt raven ; Comb O E c u mb ;

.
, , . .
, .

ton ; the brambl e enclosu re o r Wel own ; Corn cum ; dal e o r

.
, .
, .

fa rmstead . val le y .

B ramwel l — En g ; belongin g to . B ran sen B ran son B ran ston ,

B ramwel l ; th e b rambl e well ( v -

. B rann s son ; loc Hants Lincs .
, .
, .
,

B ram an d —O E welle ) . .
, . S ta ff s .

B ran B rann — G , B rann ; place .

,
B rant ,
B ran tl i n g — En g p roud , ,

n ame ; R aven ; Celtic bran a , ,

pom pou s a n ick —nam e ; N orth E , .

raven a lso a crow M E O E b rant lo ft y h igh ;

B ranagan —Foun d i n the I rish rec
.
, . .
, . .
, , ,

see B rand .

o rds os ( Celt ) , . B ran tz eg — see B ren t .

B ranch — Deh B ran se F l B rants ; .

, .
,
B ras B ras s— From O N B ra ss
, . .
,

p ; B raunch in the Rol l o f B at

.
( S alax ) S imp l e for ms : E n g .
,
 A LP H A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 317
i

B B ras s B ra ssey ; F r B ra sa
ras, ,
.
, , B rayton th e brae encl osu re o r ,

Brazy ; d im F r B ras sac ; E n g . .

, , fa rm .

Brassel B raz il l ; Com p s F r ,

.
, B raz eau — I ri sh p ,
.

B ras sa rt B ra ss ie r B ra s se r ie ;
,
h az ie r B raze r , B resi e r From ,

E n g B ras i e r B raz 1e r ; F r Lat ;

, ,
.
,
. B re su i re ; loc F ran ce ; F r B ras .
, .
,

bel ongin g to B ras Fran ce ; th e ,

se u r ; s ee B ras s .

m eadow s; N icol as de B ra s Plac ,

. B reach — F r B ri ch e ; p ; E n g .
, .
,

de Q uo \ Ya rr ; Ce lt I r b reas
o r p ri nce great m igh ty
.
,
.
, , dwell e r at th e b reach o r open ing ;
, ,
. John d e la B rech e H un d R , . .

B ra sh e r B ra s ie r B raz ier— B ras s

, ,
B ream B re ame
, loc Gl ost ; .
, .

w orke r B reme ; E n g v igorou s fie rce

B ras sey— From B rachy o r B recy ;
.
, , ,

famo us noble , .

loc N o rman dy ; B racy i n Rol l o f

.
,
B re c h e w u d g e— see B racken ri dge ;
B attl e Abbey ; Robe rt d e B a sey A S can d dwel l e r amongst th e
. .
,

i n Rot O bl et F i 11 K John ; . .
,
.
,
. b racken o r fe rn s ; at the fe rn
see B ra s s . ri dge .

B rassfi el d— s ee B ras s . B re de son — B reeden s son ’

.

B ra ss il B ri tz el l B ri tz el l i — Celt = B reedon — loc

’

, ,
. B ree den ,
Glost .
, .
,

mean in g p rin ce great m ighty ; , , L eics VV o re ; E n g ; belongin g

.
, .

F r B reas ; B reasal wa s a com

.
,
to B reedon ; th e broad —h il l ; \Vi l
mon n am e i n I re lan d but ha s ,
l i am de B re d u n H u n d Ro l l s ,
. .

been al te red to B raz il B ra ss i a nd B ree dl ov e— see B ree don

B reez e B rees e B reesee —N B re si ;
, .

B as il .
, , .
,

B rattle— From B ra ithwel l ; l oc .

, S B ra i se ; D B rae s ; F l B ree s ;
.
,
.
, .
,

Yorks ; se e B rad d yl l . . D eh B re s B reys ; G ; s ee B r ise

.
, , . .

B ratton — loc Devon S ome rs —

B rekke Celt I ri sh p ; see B rack
B raun —s ee B rown d t—D
.
.
, ,
.
, . .

B re i n h o l

B rawl ey B raw n l ey—Ce lt I r ish ; p

. .

B re itenbu ch e r— G p
B re itl i n g—G
. . .
, , ,
.

B ray B raye— loc N orman dy ; al so

,
.
,
.

i n B e rks ; F r de B ray ; D eh G .
, .
,
. B rel s ford— s ee B ra il s ford
B rem s— B re me r B reeme r B rem
.

B ree ; p B ra y i n Rol l o f B attl e .

, ,

A bbey ; R ad u l p h de B ray in Rot .

,
n e r ; s ee B ream al so B rim , .

O bl et Fin K Jo h n ; A S can d
. .
,
. .
-
.
,
B renchl e y— l oc Kent .
, .

bel onging to B ray o r dwel l e r at ,

B ren ema n— se e B ren n en .

bra e o r h il l s i de ; O E b ra b row . .
, , ,
B rennan d B u rnan d B rennan d , ,

h en ce b row o f a h i ll ; B ray n ea r poin t to a publ ic o f fici al ; S imon

Dubl in wa s B re e . B ren h an d H un d Rol l s ; a ls o , .

B raybrook— loc N o rthants ; E n g .

, .
, f rom th e O I r B ren ai n d ; se e . .
,

th e br oo k by th e b rae H en ry d e B ren n en .

B rau broc H u n d Ro l l s , . .
B renn en B renne r— Ce lt th e O I r
. . .

B rayshaw— En g dwel le r at the

.
,

B ren ai n n ; s ee B rann
B ren s —s e e B ren nen
,
.
.

+
b rae wood ; v un de r B ray an d
-
.
, .

M E sh aw ( e ) ; O E sc ( e )
. . . .
, B rent— F rom O N bran d r ; A . .
,
. .

aga a wood , . S an d O Frie s b ron d a to rch

. .
, , ,

B ra yt on B ratton — l oe
S ome r s ; E n g
, Devon .
, , a bu rn in g swo rd ; s imple form s :
belon gin g to , O G B ran ti o ; 9th cent O N
. .
, . . .
,
 318 S UR N A M E B O O K .

B ran d r,
B ran d i ; E n g B ran d , ,
—
B rian Cel t stren gth v i rtue.
, , ,

B ran dy B rant B ron d B rent ; G

, , ,
.
, hono r f rom B reto n and Wel sh
,

B ran dt ; F r B ran dau B ran dao ; .

, , bri wi th th e d im an d su f f B r i an
, . .

di m E n g B ran dl e B ran dl in g
.
, , , A nnal s o f I relan d 10th cent ; ,

B rand i s B ran d i sh ; F r B ran d

, .
, Alan fi l B rian Hun d Roll s ; .
, .

ely B ron d el B ran de s ; Ge rm

, ,
.
, B rian d e B rampton Hu n d Rol l s
B rice—P l B rys ; p ; see B r yc e
, . .

B ran d l e i n B ran de is ; Comp s , .

, . .

E n g B ran da rd B ran de r B ran d

, , , B r ick— E n g d wel l e r at B reck a , ,

ram B ran d reth B ran d ri c k ; F r

, , .
, h eath o r fallow lan d ; O E b re -
. .
,

B ron de r ; Ge rm B ron d roth .

, .
can to break
B re reton — loc Che s S ta f f s
, .

.
,
.
, .
B ri c k d al e— From B i e k d al e ; loc .

B rento r— see B ritto Yorks

B rett—F r B ret ; p ; see B rade
. .

.
, .
,
B ricke r— s ee B rick .

B rack an d B ri tto ; A Cel t F r

, . .
, .
,
B ri dge B ri dges — D B rugge ; D c h
,
.
, .

f rom B reton ; R i c ard u s l e B ret ,

B ri gg ; G B r iege r ; P l B ruge s ; .
, .
,

Hun d R ; B ret an d Labret a re p ; see B riggs an d B rack

B r idgeman B ri dge r—To l l take rs at
. .
.

common nam es in F ran ce . ,

-

—
B retton l oc Yorks ; see B ritton .
, . bri dge s ; p .

an d B ri tt o .
—
B ri dge rs E n g dwel l e r at th e ,

B retz i n g — see B rett . b ridge o r the man who takes th e

,

—
B rew From O H G bru og o . . .
, ,
tol l ; s ee B rac k .

b roke brook o r A S b roga te r

, , . .
,
—
B ri dgett Celt st rength ; O I r .
, . .
,

ro r ; s impl e fo rm s : O G B ru . .
,
B rigit ; Latin iz ed B rigitta In .

ogo ; l 1th cent E n g B rock .

, ,
I relan d th i s name h as sometime s
B roke B rook B rew ; M G, , . .
,
been u se d fo r P ritcha rd wh ich ,

B rocke ; F r B roc B reucq ; p a .

, ,
see .

tro n ymi c s E ng , B rookl i n

g ,
B ri dgewate r— l oc S ome r s ; E n g .
, ,

B rook son ; Comps E n g B roke r .

, ,
bel on gin g to B ridgewate r ; an c .

B rol k e r, B rewe r B rockman , ,

B rugge Walter bri dge o f Wa l ,

B rocard ; Ge r B rocke r B rock .

, ,
te r f rom the N o rman grantee
, ,

ma nn ; F r B ru h i ere Walte r de Doua i

B rewe r—F r B ruyere ; p ; Wi ll iam
.
,

B ri dson— B ri de s son v o f B ride

. .

’
.
, .
, .
,

B ri w e re a favor ite o f Hen ry I I

’

, .
,
o r B ri de s son ; v o f B ri dge ; .

descen de d f r om D rogo de B ev cont racte d from B ri d g etson ; A n

re i re a Flem ing who h el d l an ds
, g l i c i z ed form o f M ac B ri g h d e ; S t .

in N o rthants L e ic s Lan e s .
, .
, ,
B ri dget Abbess o f Ki l da re A D
, , .

N or fol k S u f f ol k Yorks ; D B
, , . . .
,
450 was the most h igh l y ven e r
,

B ri w er in Rot O l d et Fin K . .
, .
, .
‘

ate d o f th e I rish femal e sa ints ;

John ; or E n g M E brewe r , . .
, ,
m any we re n am e d a fte r h e r .

to b rek ; see B rye r . B ri dson appea rs to be pe c u l ia r

B rewe rton B rew ingto n — see B rew
, to th e I s l e o f M an .

ste r . B ri dwel l— see B i dwell ; m ean i ng

B rewste r— Th e S cot an d N En g
,

B e e d a s we ll or b ri de s —wel l a
’ ’

,
. . .
,

form o f B rewer ; M E breu s . .

,
m i d dl e an d mod S cot an d I ri sh . .

te r ( e ) to brew ; Emma l a B reu

, form o f B rigit ; v o f B ri dgett . .

ste re H un d Roll s
,
. . B ri em— s ee B rim .
320 SUR N A M E B O O K .

za rd B ri sman P ri seman ; F r
, ,
.
, del B rod eh ev e d Lan e L ay S ub , ,
~

B ri s saud B rizard B ru ez i e r , ,
. s id y Roll A D 1332 ,
. . .

B ri sto r— F rom B ri stow the an ,

B road hu rst — l o s L i n es ; Eng .
, ,

c ient nam e o f B ri stol th e b ridge ,

dwel l e r at th e broad wood ; O E . .
,

p lac e . b rad 4 h yrst .

B ri tc h B ri tc h e— see
,
B u rt ; al so B roadwa y— l o c D or se t H e re f .
, ,

B ritch e r . S o me r s Wo rc ets , .

B r itch e r— P l B ri tc h ard ; B ri c h art ; .

,
B roadwood— loc Devon ; dwel l e r .
,

at the broa d wood ; O E brad

_

D B B ri c tau rd ; G B ri c h tar ;
. .
,
.
,
. .
,

B ri ege r ; F r B ri ch e ; p .
, .
4 w u du .

B ritt— see B rett ; VVh d o l e B rit , B rock S B rock ; D .

,
.
,

H un d Rol l s . . D eh B roch B rock P l B roc k x

.
, ,
:

.
. ,

B rittain B ri tton — F r , B reton ; .

, B ruch ; D B B roc ; p ; Robe rt l e . .
, .

B ritton ; l e B reton ; D B retton ; .

. B roc an d R an dolph de B roc in
Rot O bl et Fin K John
'

Fl . B ret i n g ; D B
,
B rito ; p ; . .
,
. . . .
,
. .

B reton in Roll of B attl e Abbey ; B ro c k ban k— Eng dwelle r at th e

badge r —
,
.

B rito B riton l e B riton in R o t

, , .
.
, bank ; V B rock an d 4 .
,

O bl et Fin K John
. .
,
. . M E ban ke ; th e brook ban k ; v
. .
-

Dritte r B ri ttars— see B ritto

.

, . B rock .

B ritto— A S bri ti an brittle to . .

, , , B rockl eban k B ro c kel ban k — En g , .
.

break ; or A S brytta ru l e r . .
, , , dwel le r at th e ba dge r — h ol e ban k ;
p rin ce S imp le form s : O G . . .
, v B rock an d 4 M E hol ( e ) ;
. . .
,

3ritto ; 9th cen t B rette ; Roll o f .

, O E hol 4 ban k
. .
. .

B attl e Abbe y E n g B rett P rett , , , , B rockl ehu rst — F rom B rockenh u rst :
P retty P ri d e P ri dd y ; F r B ret , , .
, , loc Hants ; E n g dwel l e r at th e
.
. .

B reteau Prete ; B ri de B rideau ; , , b ad ge r hole wood -

.

d im Eng . B rettel l B ritel l ; , , B rockl e y— loc S u f f ol k .

, .

Comp s E n g B ri tte r P rete r

.
, , , B rockman — see B rock m an .

P rettyman ; F r B retel B re tar .

, , , B r oc kwel l Fl B roc o l l e ; G .
.

P retre P retard , .
B rockel ; p
B rixen — see B riggs ; al so B rack
.

.
B ro de ric k B rod ( e ) rick En g .

Th e name occu rs in Dome sday dwel l e r at th e broad ri gg o r

B ook a s B ri x i ; al so from th e ri dge ; M E b rod ( e ) ; O E . .
. .

Ten t n ame B eo rh tsi eg e s ign i f y

.
, , h ryc g ; or O N h ryg g r a ri dge . .
.
-
.
'

in g v ictory .
h ardl y ( as h as been suggested )
B ri z z e e— s ee B ri se .
a cor r de scen dant o f th e A — S ax
B roadbent— B en t i s an ol d Engl is h
.
. .

p B ( e ) al d ri c bol d rul e r . .

n am e for a h i gh pa stu re or sh el v 3rodi ck — loc B ute .

. .

in g p iece o f moorl an d ; th en ce th e B rod ie B rod y— loc N ai rn ; Celt

, .
. .
.

name B roadbent an d B entl y .

bel on gin g to B rod ie ( S cotl an d )
B roadhu rs t — loc L i n es ; Eng .
, , 14th cent B rod ie B roth i e ; O .
. . .

n ame ; M E brod ( e ) ; O E . .
, . .
. Ga el broth a d itch ; but th i s
. .

brad broa d 4 M E h eve d ; O

, . . .

p l ace —name may be P icti sh o r

E h ea f o d a h ead ; Walte r B rod r —A r an
.
, , p e y .

h eved Hun d Roll s ; dwel l e r at ,

. B roke r B rooke r— En g on e wh o
. .
,

th e broad h ead ( lan d ) A dam .

went between me rchant an d m e r
 A L P HA B ETI CA L I N DE X .

chant st range r in making bar ~

31 o th e rsto n ,
'

En g .
.
'

ga in s . dwel l e r at th e b roth e r s o r the

B romh ead B roomh ea d E 11 g mon k s fa rm stead ; O E bro d or

“
.
.
, . .
, ,

d w el le r at th e broom —h ead ( lan d ) brothe r mon k ; tu n fa rm etc ;

'

.
.
, ,

v un de r B room an d
. O E ,
. .
, l oc Yorks . . .

h ea f od . trough — l oc Yo rks .
.
.

B roml e y B roml y— E n g be longing

. .
B rowe r— A va rian t o f B rewe r ,

to B roml ey o r dwell e r at th e .
w h ich see .

broom —l e a ; O E b rom 4 l e ah . .
. . fl own — N B run i ; D B rann .
,
.
, ,

B rommel l — F rom B roomh il l ; loc .

,
B ruhn B run B ruun ; D B , .
. .
,

N or fol k . B ru n ; F B run o ; D eh Fl .
,
.
,
.
,

B romw ich En g be longin g to . B ru in B run B run e B rown ; G. , .

.
.

B rom w i ch th e broom — place ; O . . B raun B run B runo : F r B run e . ,

.
, .

E b rom .
. wic : loc S ta f f s . .
,
. B run e B runet ; p : B run B run i ;
,
.
.

B ron son — B ro wn f ro m b run , .

B run n s i n Rot O bl et F i 11 K . . .
,
.

b rown an d sun s on ; son of , ,

John A color . .

B rown . B rown in g — F B ru n i n g a ; D .
,

B rook B rooke— E n g dwel le r at a B reun in g B ryn in g ; D B B run

ni
, , ,
. .
.

streaml et : M E b roc brok . .

, . ,
i 11 g : Dc h .
. B ru i n i n g . B ru n n ga
broke O E b roc a b rook ; loc
'

. .
, ,
.
.
B ru in g : F l B ru n i n ; G B rau .
. .
,

N o r fol k . n i sch B ru n i g B run in g ; p

, , .

B rookhou s e— loc S ta f f Yorks .

, . . B rown low — loc Ch e s L an e s .
,
.
.
.

B rookm an — E n g B rook 4 man ; ,

B royle s— From th e D B roek a .
, .

s ee B rook . pool o r marsh .

B rook s B rookes — F l B roc k x ; G

. .
. .
,
B ruce — N B rus i : D B ru se .
. ,

B rucks B ru c k sc h B ru k sh ; D c h
'
.
,
.
. B run s ; S B ru s e B ru ze ; F r - .
, . .
.

B roe ks : p . B rou s s e d e B ru as ; F l B roos ,

o

.
, .

B room — From B roome ; loc N or

’
B ru e z ; D eh B rus B ru ss e ; G .
. ,
. .

fol k : D B rumm e r ; S B rom s .

.
.
, ,
B ru sch B rysc h ; p ; D B R o . . .
,
'

B roome ; D eh B rom B ro met ; . be rtu s d e B ru i s a tenant i n ch ie f . .

G B romme ; D B
. . B ru mar ; p . .
.
. Yo rks : the foun de r o f th e fam il y
B ro omfi el d — Eng dwel le r at th e .
. o f B ru s o f S kel ton f rom w h om .

broom fi el d ; v un de r B room an d
-
.
,
th e kin gs o f S cotlan d an d th e
4 fel d . f ami l v o f B ruce Ea rl o f Ai l es ,

B roomh all — En g dwell e r at th e .

, bu r y a re de scen d e d : B ru y s in
.

broom sl op e o r corn e r ; v un de r . Rol l o f B attl e Abbe y f rom ,

B room an d O E . . .
,
j
re u x : loc
. N o rman d v : G i l e s d e
l oc Wo re .
. . B re w se B ishop o f He re ford . .

B ros sa rd — From P roz o f O l d H i gh . 1200 : A dam Pete r an d \ V i l l i am .

Ge rm . d e B ru s in Rot O bl et Fin K . . .
.
.

B roth e rri d g e— From B rod rick ; l oc J ohn

m
. .

B roth er s — N B rod d r ; F l B ro oth . . .

,
Bru de r— Fro B rode : G B rud e r .
,
.

ae rs ; D eh B roe de rs ; p .
.
. B ru esc h B ru sch e — p . B ru .

B roth e rson —En g B roth e r s son : .

,
’
B ru sch .

M on k s so n O E bro d o r b roth
’

.
,
B F rom B rou g h : l o c Yorks .

e r mon k su nu son
.
, ,
. B ru in B ru in s — Var ian t th e appen
. .
322 S URN A M E B OO K .

d i x o f fore ign name s ; D eh B ru .

, ba ; descen dants o f Bobe ;
p ; .

ing . comp B obbi ng er ; l oc

. Es sex .
, ,

B ru mbel B rummell B ru mmi l l

, , . B ubba ; An glo —S axon B ub some , ,

Brummel see B roomh al l , th in g p rotube rant stump y th ick , ,

B roomh il l B rommel an d short

B runeau B ru n o—F r B run B run o B u c an o n B u ch anan —Cel t belon g
. .
,

,
.
, , , ,
.
,

B runeau B ramy ,
. in g to B uchan an ; o r S cotlan d a , ,

B runke r F rom F r B run .

,
. Picti sh n ame ; n oth in g to do w ith ,

B runn From Germ B ru n i ren to .

, , Wel b ychan o r with Gael both
. .

bu rn ish an a hut
B runn e r B run e r — Teu t th e O
. .
,

,
.
,
. Buc h an — Celt l ittle smal l ; Wel .
. ,
.
,

Teut p B ru n h e ri
. m ean ing .
, , b ych an ; belongin g to Buch an ;
b rown o r sh in in g a rm y ; O H . . S cotl an d a Pi cti sh n ame : n oth .

Ger brun brown sh in in g 4

.
, , ,
in g to do w i th \7V el bych an o r . .

he ri a rmy with Gael bothan a h ut

B runt— From B run d l oc Sta f f s ;
.
, ,
. .

,
.
, Bu ck— S D , B uck ; p ; H erl ew i n
. . .

D eh B runt ; D .
. B run d ; F l .
,
.
, B uc in Rot O bl et Fi n K John . . .
, . .

B ru n ard ; Fr B runet ; p . Bu c k b y— loc N orth ants .

. .

B runton —En g belon gin g to B ru n

,

.
, B uckenham — loc N or fol k ; B uck .
,

ton th e bu rn o r brook farm ; O

, . in gh am th e count y town ,
.

E . brun na bu rn e a brook
, . , B uc k ett F r B ouquet Bu sh et ; p ; .
. . .

R ich ard Bucket in Rot O bl et

’

tun ; B run ( a ) s farm o r mano r ; . .

A— Sax p B run a brun brown ; Fin K John

. .
B uckingh am — E n g
.
, , , .
,
. .

l oc F i fe.
.
. th e co unty ,

B ru s ch e— B ru sh ; G B ru sch ; p town
B u ckl an d — loc
,
. . .

B r yan —see B rian . B e rk s B u ck s .

. . ,

B r yant— Celt B r yan B rian with .

, , . D evon Hants He rts Kent S u r . .
. . ,

the common exc re scen t t ; F r -

.
, rey . Wilt s ; bee l an d was copy -

th e French B ru yant B ruant a . . h ol d l an d .

n ickn am e fo r n o i s y bl u sterin g ; , B uckl e— G Buch al B u c k ol ; p ; .

.

F r bru yant ; O F r bru an t ; see

. . . .
, f rom O l d H igh Ge rman B au c ,

B rian B racel et
B r yce—Ce lt qu i ck speed y ; YV el
.
.

.
. . B u c k l e r— A F r Lat bu ckl e mak .
-
.
-
.
,
-

br ys ; B r ys th e son o f B rysset e r : M E bokel .th e agent ,

hach from the h il l o f th e bl ack

. su f fix er ; O F r bu cle sh iel d
-

fe rn —
. .
, ,

b rake in N orth B rita in ; boss bu c k l e ; f rom Lat bu cca the

. .
,

K u l h w c h ac O lwen : Mabinogion
’

. ch ee k ; meton for buckle r o r .

sh iel d — m ake r ; M E bokel e r ; O

‘

t ran sl Gu est : th e \Vel ah Rh ys

.
.
-

, . . .

o r son o f Rh ys : va riant R h ys Fr .
. buel e r a sh iel d ; Joh n l e ,

( Wel ab son ) .
, .
Bokel e r Hun d Rol l s
B r y e r — D B re ye r ; D c h B ru i j er ;
. . .

.
. . . B uckl e y— loc B uck s ; En g dwel .
.
,

Fl .B re v e r
. B rie rs : G B ri e r . .
, , le r at th e buck l e a ; O E bucc -
.
, ,

B re ye r ; F r B rie re B ru y e r e ; p ; .
. , . a buc k 4 l eah : th e bee ch l ea a -
,

see B rewe r l ea h el d by ch arte r ; O E boc a

B r y -on —see B r yce
.
. .
, ,
s
.
book ch arte r ; th i s n am e i s f re
B ub B u b b D Bobe ; D B B ub
,
-
.
, . .
.
q uentl y fo r B u l k el ev .
324 S URN A M E B O O K .

B ul l in ge r —
A—F . r .
,
Lat .
, B ake r ; A . B unn —Fro m B un mean ing acti v ity ,

Fr , O . Fr .
,
bu l en g er ; F r bou .
,
to bu rs t forth
B unn ey B unny— Vari ant o f B on
.

lan ge r ; L . Lat , bu l en g ari u s ; .

,

Lat bul la a roun d body as a ,

n ey B onny ; F r B onne
,
.
,
.

B u n n ett B u n n ot— A F r Lat th e

.
, ,

l oaf . ,
.
-
.
, .
,

B ul l och B ul lough — Celt belonging F rench B u n et ; v un de r B unn

—
,
.
,
.

to a fol d ; Gae l bu ai l eac h ,

. an d 4 the Fr d im su f f et . . . .

B ul lock— E n g a n ickn am e f rom ,

B unte r— D B un de ; D eh B unte ; .
,
.
,

th e B u l lock ; M E bu l l oc bul .
, ,
p.

B untin g— F l B u n ti n x ; p ; U n f ri d
.

lok ; O E bu l l u c ; Al an B u l l o e . .
,
, .
, .

Hu n d Rol l s ; Celt fo r B ul loch ; .

.
,
B untin g in Rot O bl et F in K . . .
,
.

se e B ul loch John .

B un yan B u n yon — F r B on j ean ; or

.

B ulme r— From Huguenot re fugee , .

,

an cestors Pl . B on ichon B on n e w yn B un d
, , ,

B ul strode—l oc B ucks
.

. gen ; p .

B u rbi dge — From B u rbage ; loc

.

B ult—see B o l d ; D c h B ol d oot ; F r
,

.
.
, , .
,

B u lto B u l tot ; p ; a va rian t o f D erbysh Le ics Wi lts .

,
.
,
.

B u rch — For bi rch ; see B i rch

.

B olt for B ol d ,
. ,

B ulwe r—From Boulo i re ; l oc N or B u rdge

B u rc k ard t B u rc kh art— M o d Ge r
.

,
.

m an dy ; D B B u l v i . .
,
.
, .

B umpas — A F r Lat bel onging to -

.
,
.
,
man an d de rive d f rom B u rg ;
,

F o rsteman n gives th e m ean in g o f

.

B ompas France th e Good , ,

c o n d e re se rvare in femal e n ame s

Pas s ( age ) ; F r bon ; Lat bon .
,
. .
,
, ,

us F r pa s ; Lat pas s u s .
.
,
-
.
mean ing chastity or ma iden ,
,
h ood
B unce— fo r B unn s or B unn s son ;
’ .

,
B u rden F rom B eaudean or B eau
v B u nn ; D c h B un ge ; p .
,
doin ; l oc N orman d y ; B u rdon in
B un d y—En g th e A S ax p erson al
.
.

,
.

-
,
.

Rol l o f B attl e Abbe y ; D B

. .
,

n ame B on d i g f rom O E bon da ; '

. .
,
. .
,

B u erd ; F r B o u rd ai n B ou rd in
,

O N B on d i a ho u seh ol de r f ree
. .
, , ,
B ou rdon ; p ; B ou rdon in Rot
.
, , ,

man ; Robe rt B un dy Hun d

. .

O bl et Fin K Joh n ; see B i rd

.
,

Rol l s ; Will iam B on d i H un d

'

B u rdett B u rdette —F r B ou rdet ;

. . .
,
.

.
,

Rol ls
.
, ,

p ; B u rd et in Rol l o f B attl e Ab
.

B u n el l B unne ll — A F r Lat th e -
.

,
. .
,
.
,
bey an d i n D B ; Will i am B u rd et . .

F ren ch B unel ; v un der B unn . ,

i n Rot O bl et F in K John
B u rdge —D G D eh B e rg ; D B
,
. . . . .

an d 4 th e F r d im su f f el Lat . . . .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, . .
,
-
el l u s -
.
B u rg ; p ; Bu rc an d d e B u rch .
,

B un gey From Bu nga y ; l oc S u f- .

, tenants in ch ie f D B ,
. .

fol k B u rfi el d — From B u rg h fi el d ; loc

B un ke r—F rom th e F ren ch B on
.
.
,

,
B e rks .

coeu r accept e d by th e E n g w h o
, , B u rfi tt B u rf oot— E n g fo r B a r ( e )
,

h a d F rench dome st ics ; A F r .

-
.
, foot ; dwel le r at th e h i ll foot ; O -
.

Lat the Fren ch B on C oeu r a

.
, , E beo rh a h il l 4 fot fo r B ur
, ,

n ickname Good Heart ; F r bon ,

.
, , fo rd ; see B a re foot B u r ford , .

Lat h on um good ; F r coeu r -

Bu r fo rd— En g belongin g to B u r
for d th e h il l —
. ,
.
, , .
,

Lat cor heart .

,
.
, fo rd or ford by a
 AL P H A B ET I CA L I N D E X . 325

h il l ; O E beorh 4 fo rd ; th e .
( France )
.
,
the st ronghol d ; O , .

castle ford o r fo rd by a castle ;

-
Teut bu rg a stronghol d ; when ce
,
.
, ,

O E bu rh 4 ford ; B u r fo rd
. .
,
O F r bu rg bu rc ; F r bou rg ; . .
, , .
,

( O xon ) was anc iently B eorf ord ; H u rbe rt de B u rk Hun d Rol l s ; ,

.

loc S alop Wilts Joh n de B u rk H un d Roll s ; th e

B u rg Bu rge —En g dwell e r at a
. .
.
, , ,

.
f am ily de B u rgh o r B u rke has .
, , , ,

bo rou gh ; M E bu rg ( h ) e dat s in ce th e re ign s o f Hen ry I I an d

. .
, ,
.

o f bu rg ( e ) bo rou gh t own for E dwa rd I been esteeme d on e o f

, , , ,

t re s s ; O E bu rg ; occas ion al ly . th e most opul ent an d powe r ful o f

.

fo r B ri dge : M E brugge ; O E th e An gl o N o rman settl e rs i n

. . . .
,
-

br yeg ; see B u rges s B r idge I rel an d u nde r S tron gbow ; i t

B u rgan — From B u rgun dy ; s ee
.
,

h el d by conqu e st an d regal grant , ,

B u rgin wh ol e te rritorie s in th e count ie s

B u rges s B u rgi s — D c h
.

,
B u rge s Galway M a yo Roscommon Tip .
, , , , ,

B u rges s ; p ; B u rge s i s an ol d pe t a ry an d L ime rick

. .

w ay o f spel l in g B ruge s ; A — Fr B u rk i n sh aw B i rken s haw— O E . .

, , . .
,

Teut C itizen ; M E bu rge ( i ) s

.
,
bu rh stron g sh aw wood . .
, , , .

bu rg eys ; O F r bu rge i s ; L Lat B u rlei gh B u rl ey— En g be l ongin g

. .
, . .
, , .
,

bu rg en si s ; O H Ge r bu rg a to B u rl e igh or B u rl e y th e boor
. . .
, , ,

fo rti fie d p lace ; Joh n de Bu rge s l ea ( p easants l ea ) O E g e bu r ’

—
.
,
.
.

Hu n d R o l l s ; F r B ou rgeoi s
.
4 l eah ; the Byre cattl e stal l lea ;
.
, .
, ,

B u rgin B u rg on B u rg oi n e B u r
. O E byre l eah ; th e castle
, ,
. .
,

goyn e — Fo rm s o f B u rg oi n e B u r l ea ; O E bu rh l eah ; th e h ill ,

. .
,

goyn e ; A F r Lat Teut n ati v e .

-
l e a ; O E beo rh .
,
l eah ; loc .
, .
,
. .
,
.
,

o f B u rgu n dy ; F r B ou rgogn e ; Hants R u tl .

, ,
.

Lat B u rgun di a ; oc cas ion al l y to B u rman — s ee B owe r an d B owe rs ;

.
,

th e Ge rman ph ilologis ts the an i n door s ervant ; an atten dant ,

n am e s B u rg u n d i on es an d B u r
. upon th e l a die s .

g u n d i i o f th e cla ss ical wr ite rs de B u rnab y B u rnby — S can d belong ,

.
,

note d dwe ll e rs in bu rgh s o r for in g to B u rnb y ( Yorks ) p rob

“
.

ti fi ed pl ace s ; O Te ut
’
bu rg ; B i prn s estate o r v il l age ; v un de r . .
,
.

Joh n de Bu rgo yn e H un d Roll s ; B u rn S can d an d 4 O N by r -

A n d th us Lu c ius cam with al le B u rn el l — A —

. .
, ,
. .
, .
,

Fr Teut a me t . .
,
.
,

h i s h oost an d com athet ic form of B run e ll

man d ed th em to mete with h v m Hu rbe rt B u rn el l Hun d Rol l s :

“
.
,

i n B u rgo yne fo r h e p u rpos e d to B u rn e l ( l ) was an ol d nam e fo r

.

d estroye th e R oyame o f l yty l B re th e a ss from its b r own col or ; ,

f ayne
”
— M orte d A rth u r V i i
. . have we ] ra d ( read ) in Daun ‘ '

,
. .
,

Bu rgrave— l oc L i n es B u rn el th e As se Chauce r J ,
-

Bu rke B u rks — From B u rgh ; S e rl o

.
, . .
,

. Can t Ta les B 450 .

,
. .

d e B u rgh came ove r w ith th e B u rn ett— From B eo rn mean in g .

Conqu e ro r but l e ft no i ssu e ; h i s , w a rrio r in N o rs e an d B oa r i n . .

n eph ew succee de d ; th e fam il y has An gl o —Saxon an d Ge rm

B u rnh am — E n g
.

becom e B u rke in I rel an d ; E n g belongin g to .

.

or A — F r Te ut
. belon gin g to
.
, Bu rn ham th e b rook l an d ; O E .
, .
-
. .
,

B u rgh ( S u ff ol k ) o r B ou rg bu rne a b rook h am ( m ) a , , .

326 S UR N A M E B OO K .

“
p iece o f l an d ; th e Some rs etsh i re B u rrett B u rritt A Fr the , .
-
.
,

B u rnham occu rs in Kin g Al fre d s F ren ch B u ret o f red d ish — brown ’

,
”
Wi l l : aet B u rn h amme ; loc compl ex ion ; v un de r B u rrel l but
with th e d im su f fix —
.
, .
.

B uck s Es sex L in cs ,
Norf ( e )t i n
,
.
,
.
, .

S ome rs . stea d o f dwel le r at a cot

Bu rn ingh am — From B rin ingham ; tage o r v ill a ; O F r hue rt d im . .
, ,
.

loc N or f o r B i rm in gh am
.
, of bu r ; Teut bu r a dwell in g .
-

Bu rn s— Gen it an d p lu ral o f B u rn ; B u rr id ge—E n g the A S ax pe r

. .
, .
, ,

“
. -
. .
,

for th e n ame o f th e S cotti sh poet sonal n ame B u rg ri c o r B u rh ri c ,

gen ealogi sts north o f th e Twee d l ite rall y ca stle strong ; O E -

. .
,

have a d i f f e rent o rigin ; His bu rg bu rh a stronghol d etc , , , .

fore fath e rs are sai d to have come ric ( e ) stron g rich ; we fin d th e , ,

from Tayn u ilt o r B u rn h ou se form B u rri c in Domes day B ook ;
th e re an d em igrate d to Fo rfa r
, loc Devon
sh i re wh ere th e y— o f cou rse the y B u rris— see B u rrough s
,
. .

we re Campbel ls —we re des ign at

,
.

B u rro u g h es B ur rough s B ur rowes

B u rrows B u rou g h —Gen it ive or
, , ,
e d by th e n am e Campbe ll s o f
B u rn h ou se an d l atte rl y B u rn es s
,

pl u ra l o f B u rrough or B u rrow ;
,

or s impl y B u rn s N B j orn a
l oc ; M E bu rg ( h ) e town o r .
, ,

bea r ; D B j oe rn B orn ; S , ,
. . .

f o rtres s
.
, . .
,

B j o rn B ern s ; P l B u rny ; D B
.

,
— B e rt ; F r B u rette ; p
.
, . .
,

B a rn B e rn B u rn ; p ; B u rn B u rt B u rtt ,
.
,
.

, , .
,

S ca t b rooks i de see B i rd .

— —
, .

B u rn s i de E n g dwel le r at th e Bu rten shaw see B irken sh aw .

—
,

brook s i de ; O E bu rne a b rook

- Bu rton E n g belon gin g to B u rton
. .
, ,
, ,

4 s i de ; l o c W es tm d th e encl osu re farm or v il lage ; , ,

Bu rr —Teut a weak form o f B u rgh O E tun o f th e poor or peas

.
, .

.
.
.
, ,
,

o r B orough ; v B orou gh ; son ant ; O E g e bu r th e byre or . .

, ,

cattle stal l ; O E
.

youth ; O N bu rr ; O E b yre ; byre th e -

““
. .
, ,

st rongh ol d ; O E bu rh th e h i ll ;
. .
, . .
,

pe rh aps a n ickn ame from th e M . .

, ,

O E beorh B e ( o ) rh t bri ght

.

E . bu r o r bu rr
,
”
O N byrr
°

. .
,
. .
, . , ,

win d storm ; we fin d B u rro

,
gloriou s ; l o c ; th e d ive rs ity o f .

in Domes da y B ook an d B u rra in o rigin o f th i s n am e accounts fo r

th e Libe r Vit ae d atin g f rom th e its common n es s ; B u rton on
,
-

9th cent ; B u rgh ; loc Lin cs Trent occu rs repeate dly in th e

“
An glo S axon wi l l o f Wu l f ri c
.
, ,
. .

N or f -
,

B u rrel l B u rril l —
.

. A Fr Lat of Ea rl o f M e rci a ( A D as .
-
.
. .
,
. .

—
re dd ish br own c ompl ex ion ; O B yrtu n ( ac t
Bu sby—S cand belongin g to B usby
‘

Fr bu rel
.
,
bu ( i ) re red di sh , ,
.
, ,

brown as above ; E n g belon ging ,

the bu sh — settl ement ; S can d ,
.

to B u rrel l p ro bably th e Bor bu s k ; S cot bu s a bu sh sh rub

, .
, , , ,

ou gh o f Castl e S lope o r Co rne r ; th icket 4 by a settlement v il , , ,

O E bu rh a stron ghol d or 4
. .
,
l age ; A dam de B u sk eby Pol l
, , ,

h eal ( h ) cupbea re r butle r ; C E Tax Yo rks A D 1379 ; th e re , . .

, , , . .

byrel e ; loc Yorks or F r B u rel ; a re a B u sby in Lanarksh ire ( spelt

.
, .
.
,

G Dch F r D B
.
,
B orel ; p
.
,
B ushby in th e 18th cen t ) Gre at
.
,
. .
,
. ,
328 S URN A M E B OO K .

n o tt B igot D h B i ko Pu rveyo r Hen r y l e Ca

‘

; e ; p ; .
,
. t e re r, .

D B B igot tenant in ch i e f ;
. .
, ,
tou r Hund Rol l s,
. .

B igot in Rol l o f B attl e Abbe y . Ca f f al l — I r p .

,
.

B y grave— loc H e rts .

,
. Ca f f e rty Ca f f e r y F rom th e I ri sh
,

B yle s — G B e il ; F l B yl B u yl ;
'

.
,
.
, , O C raf f rey ; p .

D eh B u i j l ; p C af fi n F r C h au fi n ; p
‘

. .
,
. .
,

3yrn e— From th e I ri sh O B rai n ; Cage — N Kaggi ; n ickn ame ; S

’

,
. .
,

p ; s ee Bu rn s B rian
.
.
. Ka rge ; G K age ; D eh K ag i e .
,
.
, ,

B y11 oe— N B e i n e r ; D B eine ; F .

. .
,
.
,
K eg ; p .

B a ino ; Deh B een h o u w e r ; p ; .

,
. Cahen Cohen — O l d No rse gagn ;
, ,

see B ain es . F r gagn e r ; E n g

.
,
Ga in ; mean ,

B yram B yrom — From B ryam ; loc

,
.
, i ng v ictor y ; Coh en f rom Ge rm ,
.

Yo rks . Jews .

B y ron — From B i ron ; loc Gu ien ne .

, ,
Cah oon — see Gagan .

France ; D B d e B u run tenan t . .

, , Cahto see Catt -
.

in ch ie f ; Robe rt de B u ru n i n Rot . C a i d a l l —see Gad .

O bl et . K Joh n ; B i rou n e . C a i g e r— D eh Kej a K ag i e ; F l G .

, ,
.
,
.
,

in Roll o f B attl e Abbe y . Gege r Ge ige r ; p . .

B yrth From B e rth ; l oc H e re f ; .

,
. Cain Ca in e — From Cahai gnes ; loc
.
.
,

or F l B e rth ; p ; se e B yw o rth
.
,
. . N o rman d y ; D B de C ah ai n g e s ; . .
.

l y w at e r— see B yw o rth o r I ri sh O Cath ai n ; p W de ’

. . .

B yw o rth — loc S us sex .

.
. Ka yn es in Rot O bl et F in K . . .
,
.

C aal i d g e— From En g C al l i n g ri d g e ; . Joh n .

th e R i dge o f th e Cal ( a ) fam il y Cai rn s F rom th e I ri sh O C ai rn ;

’

Cabbl e Cabl e — A qua rr yman 0 11 p ; Ca rn a h eap a l ittl e h il l

“
,
. .
, ,

Da rtmoor wa s n am e d N an ki v el . , C ai sey— N Kei s n ickn ame ; F l .

, ,
.
,

i e th e val l ey o f th e h orse ( Cor

. .
,
Casy ; G K asi g Ka se : p .
, ,
.

n i sh ) h i s mate s call e d h im O l d Ca k ebread Fl K ac k el bec k or .

.

Ca p el Fro m Capel ( Cabal lus )

. C ak e l be rg ; p ; Com p D eh . . .
,

comes the su rn ame Cable ; G .

,
Keche l ; G Kegel ; D Keck .
, .
, .

k abel ; p C al c o tt— loc \N i l ts .

Calent— l oc Wa rw
. .
,

Cabo rn Cabou rn e — loc Lincs .

.
, . .
,
.

C ad bu ry l o c Devon ~
.
, . Cal decote — l oe Lin cs M onmouth .
,
.
, ,

Cackett — D eh Cach et ; p .
. . etc .

Cad d el l Cadel l Ca dwell — see Cal d

. ,
C al d erban k— l oc Lana rk .
,
.

well From th e fo rm Cat Reg

.
,
. Cal de r —
- En g S e co l d 4 e r .
, .
, .

i n al d l e Cat Hun d Rol l s , . . Cal de rwood — loc East Kilbridge .

, ,

Cad d ick From Catwick ; loc S co t

Yo rks . Cal dwel l — loc D erbysh Yorks .
,
.
, .

C add 1e Ca dd y Cade Cade y— G etc

Cal ey —N K al i ; S Kal l ; D Kal l
.
, ,
.
,

Kade Kath e K atte y ; F r Chate ;

. , .
,
.
,
.
. .
, ,

S Kad ie r ; D D B
.
, Cadio ; D .
. . .
.
.
,
Ke i l ; F l Ca i l ; F r Cai l l et ; G .
,
.
,
.
,

Kadow ; p ; F r Cadet ; a H u . .
. Calow Calla s Kal is ; Deh
, , .
,

gu enot n am e ; fol lowe r . K aal es Keh l ; p ,

.

Cadeb y— l oc Yo rks C alkin s— see Cal lowa y Gal e ,

.

Cal l — From th e m ake r of l ad i e s

. .
,

Caeter Ca t e r — A Lat Ca ’

, Fr .
, .
. .
,
 AL PH A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 329

cal l s o r h eadgea r ; S i r Joh n Cal l ,

in g to Caml in ; the c rooke d pool
son o f a Corn ish farme r de r i ve d ,
o r channe l ; p .

h is name f rom an an cesto r wh o Cambron — see Cam e ron .

m ad e l adi es h eadgear ’
.
Cam e ron — l oc Fi fe The Came r .
,
.

Cal lah an —Celt wa r wa r rio r f rom .

, ,
on s o r C rooke d N ose s a re n u
, ,

I ri sh Ce al l ac h an ; Cal l an Cel t ‘

,
.
doubte dl y a se pt o f th e an c ien t
cont r o f M ac Al l an —val ou r
.
.
Cl an C ah tten an d f rom th e ,

— c roo ke d nose ancestor Cam h ron -

C a p s ee Gal lop
l l
, .

a .

C a m fi l d — F rom C an fi el d ; loc E s
Ca l l i f o rd — F rom C al l f ord ; loc .
,
e .
,

sex
S u ff ol k —
.

C m f d E n g belongin g to Cam
.

Call in s Ca ll in gs— se e Call ah an a o r ,

.
'
,

Cal l is on — En g Cal ly s son ’ el s Ford ; p .

Cam idge Gammi d g e — F rom Ga

“
. .
,

Cal l iste r — Th i s i s a common prae ,

n om en th e aph eti c nam e us ually ,mach es ; loc N orm an dy ; se e .

,

”
,
Ga mage
keep in g th e final c o f M ac as
Camm— From Celt
.

Cam ; loc
C awl e y Cal l i ste r Cl ish
. .
, ,

Glos ; Celt c rooke d de form ed

.
, ,

Callow— l oc Worc est

.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.

one —eye d ; O E camb ; d i v el l e r

Calman — Eng p e rha ps f rom an A
,
. .

.
,
.

at a h i l l —c re st o r r i dge
comp O
.

S ax . . .

Cammack— see Game .

or M E Ge r kal ; o r . .
,
.
,
Cammel l — see Gamble .

D ut kaal bal d .
, ,
.

Camom il e — Fro m th e me d ic ina l

Cal loway C al o w ay — Fl Cal l e momi l e
p 1an t
,
ca
.
,
.
,
w aert ; p ; se e Gall oway ; f rom .

Cam p Camp a — N S Camp i ; p ;

Gal e O l d N o rs e Gael a ex h i l i
, ,
. . .

, , ,
C amp Kemp ; D D c h Kemp, , .
,
raré ; Anglo S axon galan to
’

, ,
G Kampe ; D B Camp Campa
.
.
. .
,
s i ng .

Campo p
Cal stock— loc C o rn w
.

.
,
.
Campe r— F r Lat dwe ll e r at a
Caltho rpe — loc
. .
, ,

D e rbysh L i ncs .
,
.
, .
, cam p o r fiel d ; p .

N or f .
Camp ain Camp ean — D , D eh .
,

Calth rop — l oc Glos Cam pagne Campen ; p

Cal ton — P robabl y calves —ton o r
,
. .

, .

Campbel l — S uppose d to be De Cam

town ; E n g Cotton Col a s E s , ,
’

p obel l e o r B eauchamp The cl an

, .

tate ; p .
ros e u pon th e ru in s o f th e M c
Ca lve r— N K al f r ; G K al f ar ; D .
, .
,
.
Donal ds Th e Campbel l s a re al .

B .
, Calvu s ; p ; or f rom Calve r .
l i ed w ith th e N o rman B ruce and -

a re o f An gl o —
,

( D B C al u o re ) ; loc D e rbysh
. .
, .
,
.
N o rman des cen t ;
Calve rl e y— loc Yo rks .
,
.
s e e Gamble f rom Anglo — S axon , ,

Calve rt C al l ew ae rt ; p ; Ca l f .
Gamol ol d horse Ga ma ] O l d
. , ,

h e rd now tu rn e d into th e n ame

, H i gh Germ an Kamol , .

o f Calve rt .
C amp h ou se— En g n i ckname .
, .

—
Calwel l From E n g th e col d wel l ,
Camp ion Cham p ion — Walte r l e
,

o r sprin g . Campion Hu nd Rol l s . . .

Cambel — s e e Gamble C amp k i n — E n g n ickname ; smal l

Cambel l —
.
,

see Campbel l camp

C ambl in C am l in —Cel tic be lon g —
. .

, ,
Can d a Fr om th e O N g an d r . .
,
330 S URN A M E B OO K .

gan d cant ( wol f )

,
S imp le ,
. Jen ne r J en n ery Can n ar Can ar y , , , ,

forms : O G Gan do Canto . .

, , , G i n man Jeann eret J e n ri c k , , ,

Gento son o f th e V an d s ; E n g
, , Ganaway J an aw ay Jen v ey ; F r , , .
,

Gan de Gan d y Gant Cant Can J ean p ot Gen ette Gan ard Gi n i er
’

, , , , , , , ,

ty Can de Can d y Ch ant ; M G

, , ,
. .
, G en ev ee C an au l t ,
.

Gante Kant Gent ; F r Gan d , ,

.
, , Cannel C ann el l— From Canwel l ;
,

Canda Gente Ch anteau ; d im , ,

.
loc Sta f f s or Canv il l e 1oc
.
, ,
.
,
"

En g G an d e l l Can dell Cantel o

, ,
'
, , N orman dy .

Cantl e Gentl e ; M G G en e d l ,
. .
, ,
C an n eg i ate r— D ial ect f rom K an
Ken del ; F r Can dell Genti l .
, , ,
n en i esse r ; n icknam e pot hous e
g ,
C an d el l e Cantel Chan del ; E n g , , ,
pol iti c ian .

C an d el i n ; F r C an d i l l on Cantil ,
Canne r— D eh Cann e ; S Kan de 1 ;
.
,

lon ; Comps E n g Gan de r Gen , .

.
, .
,

p ; see Can n
.

de r Gante r Cantor Chante r . .

,
Cann ing— see Cannon ; O l d Ge r m
, , ,

Gente ry Gentr y Chantre y Ken ,

.
,

Gau d ie r
,
Gen in g ; 8th cent E n g Cann ing
d ri c k K en d ray ; F r
. .
,
, ,
Cannon —F r Canonne ; p ; O N
.
,

Ge n te r C an d re Cantie r Chan .
,
. . .
,

ti e r Gen d rot Ch an trot G en d ry

, , ,
Gan ; magic fas cin at ing or s e , ,
, ,
, ,
d u c ti v e ; Eng Cann on ; F r
Gan dol p h e Chante rac
.
, ,
.
,
Canon
Can d lan d — A F r Teut F r Can
.

Cannot— F l C an ood t ; F r Carnot ;

.
, ,
. . .
, ,

d el i n fo r Gan del in ; p
.
, ,
.

N K n u t r ; D Kn ud Knuth ; p ;
.

Cane Can ey —see Caine . . .

, , ,
.

fi
,

l — see C au l fi el d see N utt

Ca d
.

n e
Cante r— F r p
.

Canham C an h an — F rom C ai n h am ; .
,
.

Cante rbu ry— l oo 11

,

loc Salop
.
,
.
.

C an te rf o rd — From Kent ford ; l oc

C an l e r— Fro m Cantle y ; l oc Yo rks
.
,

Cann —F rom Caen ; l oc N o rman

,
S u f f olk
. .

Cantl ow— F r C an ti l l i on ; p
.
,

d y ; O N Kaun ; D Kann ; F l
. .
.

Can trel l F r Can trel Ch antrel p

.
. .
, .
, ,

Cah n ; F r Cah en ; G Kann ;

.
.
. ,

,
Wil l iam C h an te re l l Temp K
. .
,

D eh Kan C ann e ; D B Cann a .

, .

.
, ,
.
, ,
John
.

Can e Cano Cann s ; p W de .

.

Cantwel l— From
.
, .

Canne an d R ic de Can in Rot .

Canwel l ; l oc ‘

.
,

O bl et Fin King Jo hn From Sta f fs .

Cant y— O N Gan d Gant Can t ;

. . .
,

O N gan ( m agi c )
. .
,
S im .
. .
, , ,

pl e forms : O G Gann a ; l st wol f .

C an u tson — Son o f Canut

. .
,

cent E n g Gan n Gan n ow Cann .

Ca p el —10 c S u f f ol k N Wal es S
.
, , , ,

Can ney Genn a Ginn ; F r

, ,
. .
,
.
, , .
,
.

Gann e G an n eau Gan ie Jan ey , , , .

Wales .

Gen y : d im E n g Cannel Jen .

. .
C ap n on Capon — F l Capon Capen ; , .
, ,

kin ; F r Gan il G en el l e Canal ; D eh C ap oen ; p ; see C app

.
, . .

C ap en e r C ap n e r— Ge r trade n ame
.
. .
,

Fr J an q u i n J an l i n Phoneti c
Cappe r—The make r of Cap s ; al s o
. .
.
, . , ,

en d E n g Canon Can non ; F r

.
, , ,
.
,

Gen in Jan in Can on ; E n g Jen

, , ,
th e French Ch ap el l er an d Cha
n i n g s Jann in g s C an n i
,
g ; Comps ,
pel l .

Capl in ge r — Ge r pl 11 from Cap

.

Eng G i mbert J en n ott Genne r

, , , , r . . .
332 S UR N A M E B OO K .

Carea n Cora ; d im E n g Gar , .

,
o f mos se s ; plu ral o f Carr ; see
rick C ar rick Ke rridge G arel l
, , , , Carr .

K e rle y K e rrel l Garl ing Ca rlen

, , , , C arsl ak e— loc S ome rs .
, .

G arrass Ge rkin Gea rin g ; comps , ,

. Ca rsl ey— From K e rsl ey o r Cu rsl ey ;
Eng Garbett G orbol d G orbel l
, , , ,
loc Warw .
, .

Garbran d G orebro w n G arbutt Ca rson — C ar s son ; v Ca rr

’

, , .

Ca rsten sen —P S on o f Carsten

.
.

Gar ra rd Ge ra rd C arary Ca r
Ca rston —F Ka rsten : D Carsten
, , , .

ri e r Garl ick Garl an d Carl an d

, , . , .
, .
,
'

Ga rman Carman Gorm an Ge r , , ,

G .
,Kasten ; D eh Ka rsten ; p ; .
,
.

m an Jarman Ke rman G arme t

, , , ,
f rom Ch ri sti an .

Garn ett Garrod Garst i n Gar Carswel l — l oc B e rks

C art en sen —S on o f Ca rsten
. , , .
, .

rol d Gerhol d Je r rol d Ga rwood

. . , . .

F e rw o o d Garrawa y Go rw ay . . . Ca rte r — N K o ttr ( Kahta r ) ; p ;

.
, .

Ga rve y Ca rrowa y Cu rw en Ca r . . ,
G K ath e Katte K artte ; D c h , , .
,

avan Goren ; F r Ge ran d Gor

.
.
, . Kate r ; F r C artau d Carti au x .
, . ,

an d G e rbe rt Ge rma in G arn ot . . . Ca rtie r C arti e au C ato i r C atteau

. . .

Gi ro d G erau l t Ga rvin Garin

. . . . Catti e r : p ; O E d rive r o f cart . . . . .

Gue rin . C arte rl e v — F rom Ch artl ey ; D B . .

,

Car r a tt C a rri tt,

Carotte — F r Ca ,
.
,
C e rte l i e ; l oc Sta f f s .
, .

rett e ; p . Carth ew— loc C o rn w ; Cath eu x ; .

,
.

Ca rrn ey— s ee Carr . l oc N o rman d y

.
, .

Ca rri ck— Celt be lon gin g to Ca r .

,
Ca rth y— F rom th e I rish M ac Car
r ick a c ra g roc k h eadlan d ;
.
'

, ,
th ai g h ; p ; Carth ac th e founde r .
,

Gael an d I r car ( r ) a ig ; Wel

. .
,
.
,
o f a c ity .

c areg .
Cartl edge — F rom C artl ett ; l oc .
.

Ca rrington — l oc N otts ; f rom Gl os .

Ca rtmel l — From Ca rtmel ; l oc

. .
,

Ch arenton a Fren ch pl ace n ame ,

-
.
.
,

L an es
Carrigan From Car rington Ed in .

Cartwri ght— From Caute rets ; loc

,

bu rgh e state o f th e Ca r fami l y ;

,
,

se e Carr .
N orm an d y C ate ray in Rol l o f .

B attl e Abbey ; De C c teri c h a ten

Carrol l — From th e I ri sh O C earb
’ .

ant i n ch i e f in D B
boil ; p ; al so f rom Carl ; A S
. .

Ca rve r — E n g
-

scul ptor wood

. . . .

.
man
.

carve r ; M E k e rv e r ( e ) kar
—
.
, ,
.

C a rrn ey se e Ca rr .

ve r ( e ) ; O E c oe rf an to cut ; .

Carrothe rs Ca rruthe rs — loc Dum

.
. ,

,
.
,
carv in g —se rvitor A dam l e K arv e r .
.

f ries ; Cel t bel on gin g to Ca r .

, Hun d Rol l s . .

ruthe rs ( Dum fr ie s ) ; 14th cen t .

C arw ard i n e F rom S h aw ard i n e ;
Cae r Ruth e r the stron ghol d o f , loc S alop.
. .

R uth e r ; Wel cae r ; Gael c a .

. , C a ryel l — see Carrol l .

thai r a stron gh ol d fort

, ,
.

C aE ad v Cas sad y
— For Cas si d y ; v
Car ry—F r Karre ; p ; see Carr
.
,

O C assi d y
’

C arsbou l t —
. .
.
. .

s ee C arebow . C asbol t— se e C arebo w .

Ca rse Ca rsey— A S cot S can d C asbu rn — l oc see Ch ase

Case —
.
, , .
.
. ,
. .

d wel l er at the Ca rrs i e m arsh e s , . .

,
dwell er at a mano rial farm ;
 A L P HA B ET I CA L I N D E X .

N Kaas ; D Casse Kas se ; D c h

, ,
. see Cas tle Cas tel l o
Cas s ity—From I ri sh O C assi d y ; p
. .
, , , .

Kas Kas s Ca is se ; F l Cas ,

'

Cassl ett—D im o f Ca stl e

.
, , , .

Cass e Casy ; p ; see C aw se .

C as ement—P l Casm an ; p
.
, . .

.
,
. Ca st— s ee Castel lo .

Cas e w e ll — From \V el sh C asw al l on Caste llo— In bu i l di n g th e F ranci s

Casey—From Ga i s ( s pea r ) ; O l d
.

c an N ewgate Lon don Castel l c , ,

Ge rm Gai z ; E n g Casey ; F r.
, ,
.
, m ade th e re fecto r y 1225 ; f rom ,

Caz e ; Cel t brave ; I r C ath a ( i ) .

,
.
, gast gue st ; E n g Castel l o ; F r
, , .
,
'

seac h l ate r gen it fo rm O C ath a Castel

C aste rson —F rom A Lat Carste r
. .
,

saigh gran d son de scen dant .

Cash —F rom Celt Ga is wea pon ;

. , .
, .
, ,

.
, , Castor or Ca ste r ; th e Roman sta
Gael i c Gai sg e brave ry ; E n g , tion Fa rm o f th e Roman camp
Caste rton —A Lat bel on gin g to
.
, , .

gash to cut ,
. .
. .
,

Cas hel Cash el l — Cel t Lat bel on g

,
.
. .
, Caste rton the fa rm o r estate by ,

ing to Ca sh e ll th e Castl e ; I r ,
.
, th e Roman camp ; v un de r Cas .

ca iseal . te r an d, O E tun a farm . .

,

Ca shman— Cash
, ,

E m an ; cash etc
Casti le —see Castl e
. .

ier ; E cash or iginal l y a til l or

.
, ,
.

box to keep m one y in ; O F r . .

, Casti l l o w — see Guest .

cas se a cas e ; Lat cap sa a box

,
.
, ,
—
Castel s ee Castel lo Castel l an the .
,

E man ; se e Cash .
,
. keepe r o f a castl e ; a s a su rname ,

Cashmo re — F rom C ash moor ; l oc contracte d to Ca stl e

Castl eton—A Lat d w el l e r at th e
,
.
.

I) o rset
'

Ca sk—
,
. .
.
,

; From Ga sh to gash ; E ng , , castl e town ; p , .

Ca sk ; Ge rm Kaske ; F r Gasc . .
Ca sto— s e e Gue st
Cas son —F r Ka s sen f rom
.
, , .

.
, , Catch pol e Catchpol l C atc h p ool , ,

Ch ri sti an 1 e K ri stj an K e rs t ,
. .
, , A . Fr,
Lat — J Teut ba il i ff
.
, .
, .
, ,

ten K arsten K arsen K asj en

, . . , constabl e ; M E c ac h ep ol cache . .
, . ,

Kassen ; D Kasten ; S Cassen ; .

,
.
, th ro F r f rom Lat capta re to
. . .
,

D eh Car sten ;
.
Fl
,
Kasten .
. , catch 4 pol th e pol l o r back ,

C asen Cason ; D B Cas s a ; p .

. .
,
. pa rt o f th e h ea d ; an O L Ge r . . .

Caspe r— P rope r Ge rman Ch r istian w ord Geo f f re y l e C ac h ep ol

.
,

n ame .
-
Hun d Roll s ; al so f rom Cage y
.

Caspe rson — S on of Caspe r pol e ; loc Do rs e t o r C ate rp ol e

Cass—Th e son o f Cas san d ra ; an
.
,
.
, ,

S uff ol k .

oth er form o f Cas e : A F r Lat .

,
.
.
.
, Cate r— N K ottr ; D eh Kate r.
.
.
, ,

th e common Fren ch Cas s e th e . K ette r ; G Katte ; F r Chate .

, .
,
'

Lat Cas s iu s p robabl y f rom Lat

. .
.
p ; s ee Catt an d Ca rte r
. Walte r .

ca s s u s va in ; con fu se d with
-
,
Cate r occ u rs i n a d ee d A D . .

Cas e : v Ca se . . 1076 Ha rl M S John de C a

. .

Ca ss al Ca ssel Cas sel l — Fo r Castl e ; ta ra B eswic k Yo rks an d VV al '

. . . .

Cas sel i s al so a F rench s u rn am e . te r Cate r h is n e p h ew in a d eed . ,

de rived f rom th e vil lage o f th at 1 S teph : C rai tres in Roll s o f .

n am e in th e N ord de p artm en t : B attl e Abbe y .

th e o ri gin i s h oweve r th e s ame ; , ,

Catesby — S can d belon gin g to .
.
334 S UR N A M E B OO K .

Cate sb y N o rth am p ton ; Cate s

,
’
wel l Chatwe ll ; G
, .
,
H ad ri c h ; F r , .

estate ; O N by r . .
,
-
. C h ad i rac ; E n g , H atrick H ead ,

Cat ford — l oc Kent rich S h ad rak e ; n icknam e f rom

Cathcart—Celt belongin g to Cath
.
,
.
,

.
,
th e cat . Reginal d l e Cat H un d , .

ca rt Lanark ; 12th cen t Ke r Rol l s

C attam—see

“
.
, .

ke rt th e fort o f the R ive r Ca rt ; Catt

Ca f f ee—G
.
.

Gael cathai r ; Wel cae r a fort

, .
, ,
. .
, Kath e ,
K attey ; Fr .
,

Hee r was a castl e cal l e d Cae r .

Ch ate ; p .

Ca rt th e seat o f th e l ords Cath

,
C atte n — D eh .
,
Katten Kettin g : S ,

ca rt t il l abou t th e m id dle o f th e Kae d ing ; p .

16 th centu r y —N at Gaz . . . C att i c ott —

see Catt .

Cath e y F rom Cath a y ; loc S .

, . Cattl e — From C attal l loc
; .
,
Yorks ; .

Wal es ; see Cad dy . N .

.
K ao al l ; Fr .
,
Catel ; p ; see .

Catl in C atl i ri g — P l Catel in ; p ; Ketel an d Catt

C attl ey — F rom Ch atte rley ; l oc
,
. . .
,
.

see Catt ; A F r Lat th e French .

.
.
.
.
, .
,

Catel in p robabl y Cate ; with th e S ta f f s

doubl e d im su f fix —
.
,

cl i n ; th e .
-
Cau del l Can dl e C au d w el l
.
Fo r ,
-

Fren ch Catel a in N orth form o f Caul dwell ; see Cal dwel l

C au l d fi el d — En g
. .
,

Chatelain o r Castel l an ; F r ,
.
, C au l fi el d .for .

ch atel a in ; O F r ch a stel a in ; v . .
,
. C au l d fi el d ; dwel l e r at th e cab
un d e r Castel lan . bage fi el d ; O E cau l -
fel d ; . .
.

Catmo re — l oc B e rk s ; see Catt .

. . f rom C h al fi e l d ; l oc Wi lts . . .

Catmul l From C atme r ; l oc n .

,
.
,
C au rtn ey— see Cou rtn ey .

E sse x ; see Catt . Causton Cawston — En g belon gin g . .

Catmu r— see Catmore Catt . . to Ca uston or Cawston ; .

Cato— F rom Cat t C ( e ) aw e s e state ; O E

’

wa r ; E n g . ,
tun . .
, ,

Cato ; Ge rm Catau .
,
.
loc Wa rw
.
. .

Cat ron — see Catt .

Can tl ey From Cau ghl ey ; l oc .
,

S alop
Catt — From Goth Hath ; O H G
.

,
Cau x — From Cau x ; l oc F rance
. . . .

ha d ; O F ch a d Celti c cad o r
. .
,

C aval ie r —
, .
. .
,
A F r I tal Lat ; F r
cath wa r S impl e form s : O G
. . . .
,
.
. .
, .
, . .
,

H ad do C h ad d o H edd i ; En g caval ie r a horseman ch eval ie r ; , ,

. . .

Hatt Hadow H aad ey Heath I tal caval ie re ; L at c abal l ari u s ;

.
, .

Caval ie r th e c amsard a bake r s

. . , ,
’

H ead Hood Chad Catt Cattey

. . , . ,
, ,

Catto ; G H e d d e Katt : F r boy .

Cave— A F r Lat bel on gin g to

.
, . .
,

H atte H e don Catou Catt y :

, , .
.
,
.
,
.
,

Dim Eng Had doc k Ch ad dock Cave o r dwell e r at a cav it y or

.

cave rn ; M E O F r cave : Lat

.
. . .

S h ad o c k Ha dl ow Hadl e y H at . . .
. .
,
. .
. .
,

l ev H ed l ev H oadl e y Cattl e Cat cavea R obe rt de Cave Hun d .

, .

“
. . . ,

tl ev C attl i n : M G H adel : F r Rol l s Eng th e Domes da y

.

Vava ap p f rom O E ca f
. . .
. .
,

Hadol Catel Ch atel in : Comps

. . .

”
. . . .
. ,

p rom p t bol d ; loc Yo rks ; "

En g H ead in g Sh ad bol t Cha

. . .
. .
, .

bot Ch adborn Ch ad d man Cati

. . .
se e C h af f el l .

more H ad rot H ath aw av Chad

. . . C av en ag h Caven d i sh — loc a man . .
,

wick H ad w en C h ad w i n Cad
. . .
or Su f f olk ; it w as a ssumed by
,
336 S URN A M E B OO K .

An g —
S ax had ; Old Frankish ,
Gr . kan apa a vaulte d place 4
, ,

—
.
,

chad .
th e Ger su f fix l inc ; Walte r l e
.

Ch af f el l . Cha fy Ch a f fey , C h af fi n , C h ambe rl eyn e Hun d Roll s ,

. .

From Chau v e ;
the N orman l e Chambe rla in on e o f th e m os t 111 ,

Lewi n Ch ava a ten ant i n ch ie f ,

t imate s e rvants in a se1g n eu ri al
D B ; F r Chave ; D eh Keve ;
. . .
,
.
,
hou se an d one who h ad char ge
,

G K ayf er ; p ; Cava a S axon

.
,
.
,
o f th e accounts S u rname short .

ten ant temp K E d w Con f ene d to Chambe rs

Ch aml ey — From
.

Chal k —loc Kent M ay be der ive d

. . . .
, ,

.
,
.
C h amn ei s or

f rom the tr ibe o f th e Ch an ci o r C h amp n ei s th e anci ent d i strict of ,

C au c i ; the re w as al so anoth e r Ch ampagn e ; D B C h emarn h ee . .

,
.

tribe cal le d Ch au l c i Th e com . Champ ion— F r p f rom camp .

,
.
, ,

mon n e ss of the se names in French wa r ; M od Germ Kamp f war : . .

,
.
,

wou ld be accounte d fo r by th i s An g — S ax C aemp a Cempa com .

, , ,

be in g on e o f th e tribe s wh ich batan t ; whence th e N orth En g .

form e d th e F ran ei c con fede ra Kemp champ ion ,

.

t ion .
Ch ampn ey C h amp n eys F rom
Chal ke r— se e Ch al k
.

.
Ch amp ai g n y in N orman y ; not ,

Chal lacombe— loc Devon foun d i n Dome s da y o r i n Wace ;

Chal l ice Chal l i s —
. .
,

G Call a s Kal
,
.
. , not ea rl ie r than 116 5 .

lau s K al l e sse Kal i sch ; D eh Chan ce — D eh J an se ; p ; f rom

,
.
, ,
,
. .

Kal i s ; P l Cal i s ; D C al l i se n ; .
,
.
.

Gan s ( Totu s ) ; O G Gen z o ; ,

. .

p ; C h al l i c er a maker o f d rin k
.
,
M od Ge rm Gen tz Gan s ; F r
. .
, .
,
,
ing ves sel s out o f metal s ; h en ce Cance Cane y Po ss ibly to the .
,

th e n ame Chal l i s .

abov e bel on g th e C h au n c y o r
Ch al l on e r Chalon e r— A n i mporte r
,
C au n c y in th e Rol l o f B attl e A b
o r manu factu re r o f chal on s o r ,
bey ; En g Cau nce Chance . , ,

wool en coverl ets ; h ence surname Chance y ; F r Chan cean

C h aw n e r ; A —F r qu il t make r o r
.
, .

C h an d l an d — G e rman pl ace n ame

. . .

deal e r ; M E c h al o ( u ) n a qu ilt
.

Ch an dle r— A
. ,
. .
.

f rom Ch alon s —su r M a rne whe re -

Fr Lat candle .
,
.
,
.
,
,

th i s ki n d of cove rlet wa s fi rst m ake r o r deal e r ; M E chaun d . .

,

m ade Pete r l e Chalon e r P arl

.
.
.
l e r can del e r ; O F r c ( h ) an de
, . .
,

\V ri t s ; N ich ol a s 1e C h al ou n er l ie r chan dl e r ; Lat can del a can

, .
, ,

d le w h en ce O E can del
,

Hun d R ol l s , . .
,
.

Ch ann in g— En g a pal atial form o f

. .

C h al w i n — P rope r n ame .
.
,

Chalme rs— A S cot form o f Ch am .

Cann in g ; loc Devon ; see Can .
,

be rs ; see Chamberl ai n n ing .

Channon —A F r Lat a p al atal

.

Ch ambe rlain Chambe rl a y ne Cham . .

.
, .
,
.
,

berl en Chamberl in Chambe rs .

form o f Can no n Devon ; see ,
,

A F r Ge r Lat G r ch ambe r
Cannon .

Chante r Chantr y— se e Cante r ; F r

. .
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,

ove rsee r steward ; M E cham . .

, .
,

be rl eyn ( e ) ch amberla yn ( e ) , ,
Ch an d chant ; Ch antry al so
,

C h amberl i n g : O F r ch ambe r Chante r to s ing , .

Ch an trel l Ch an tri l l —Ch ante r 4 th e

. .
,

l en c ; from Lat camera a room ; .

, ,
 AL P H A B ETI CA L I N DEX . 337

Fr d im . el Lat el l u s ;, , .
,
- -
E .
, c h arn , ch u rn ; O . E .
, c ryi n 4
,

see Chante r . M E leah l ey O E

Charon —From Goth H ar i ; O N
. .
, ,
. .
. .

Cha p man O l d Ge rm C ou f man : -

.
. .
,
. .
,

9th cen t f rom O l d H igh Ge rm .

. H i o r swo rd ,
.

K o u f man ; M od Ge rm Kau f . .
. Cha rri n g ton — From C h aren ton n e ;
‘

man m e rchant ; An g S ax Ceap

, .
-
.
, loc N o rm an d y ; E n g a pal atal
.
, ,

man an d Copeman ; E n g Chap , form o f C arrin gton ; see Ca r 1 i n g -

»

m an Copeman ; th e latte r co rre s

. ton Ch e rrin gt on
. .

pon d ing with a Cop aman i n th e Ch a rte r— A palatal form o f Carte r .

L ibe r V itae Joh n l e Cha rte r Pa rl W rits ; see

Cha rd—E n g belongin g to Cha rd
.
.
,

, Ca rte r .

an c C h erd e Ce rde . . .
C h arv o s— S impl e form : Fr Ch a r
wh ich name i s trad i ti on al l y d e . 11 e ; se e Ha rro w .

r ive d f rom Ce rd i c th e W e st Sa .
- x
Chase — D J es s ; F l Je s se ; D eh . . .
,
.
,

on k in g Th e place — name i s . Je s ; G J esc h e ; p Cha se may in .

. .

doubtl es s a cu rtai lm ent o f th e so me i nstan ce s come f rom Cha s

pe rsonal nam e i n th e pos ses s ive si eu x blea r —e ye d ; A F r Lat
, .
, . . .
,

ca se w ith a l ocal su f fix : e g we . .
, dwel l e r at the hu nt in g grou n d or -

fin d C eard i c es beo rh ( Ce ( a ) -
: wood ; f O F r c h ac i e r ch asse r . . . . , .

rd i c s H il l ) in on e A S: i x cha r
’

.
-
to hu nt ch ase ; Lat captu re to ,
.
, ,

te r . catch .

Cha rl es Cha rl e y— From C h al l ey ;

, Chasten C h aste n ey— F r Ches na is
,
.
. ,

loc E s sex ; Cha rle s f rom Carl

.
, .
, Chesn eau ; p .

m an; O l d N o rse K arl ; A n g - . C h a t a ay C

w h att w
a ay — Eng Th is .
, .
,

S ax C e arl ; E n g Ca r 1 Cha rle s ;

.
. . ,
n ame i s m ore l ikel y a de scendant
M od f Gern 1 Ka rl o f an A S ax C ead w i g than a
'

-
. . .
, .

Cha rl esworth — En g belong ing to ,

place n ame ( S ee un de r Ch ad
-
.

an d O E s i g b attl e
' "

Charl esworth th e chu rl s pl ace or ,

. .
, , ,

fa rm ( th e gen it o f O E c ( e ) . . . Th e synonym ity o f th e two e le

a rl c eor l a f reem an o f th e lowe st
. ments woul d n ot put th is ex p l a
c la s s ) . n ation out o f cou rt From Ch it .

Cha rl ton— En g bel on gi ng to , w ay ; loc Wil ts . . .

Cha r l eton o r Cha rlton Ch arl e ton .

Ch atbu rn — l oc Yorks .
,
.

th e c h u rl s pl ace o r farm : O E
‘ ’
. . Ch atel ai n C h atel i 11 —F ro1n Chad ,

C ( e ) arl a— tun c ( e ) arl a gen it . . . dim E n g .C h atl i n ; F r Chate ,

.
.

pl o f c ( e ) arl ceo rl a chu rl

.
. . ,
l in .

C h at f e i l d C h atfi el d — En g bel on g
’

peasant Cha rlton i s a South

“
.
. .

e rn vil lage n am e corre s p on d i ng -

in g to C h atfi el d or C atfi el d The .

t o th e No rth ern an d Easte rn p refix may be e ithe r th e O E . .

Ca rl ton . catt a ( wi l d ) cat or th e O E

, . . .

Cha rl i e r— D i m o f Cha rl ie ; n ick . pe rsonal n ame C ( e ) atta .

nam e Chatman — se e Catt

Charnl e y — E 11g
.
.

belonging to .
. Chatt From —
Chat mos s ; loc
Ch a rn l ey p robabl y th e chu rn ,
L an es ; Fr Chat ; p .

l ea i e a m eadow in wh ich
, . .
,
Chatte ri s— En g bel on ging to Chat .
,

ch u rn ing was don e ; No rth D ial . .

te ri s l 0th cen t ( Lat . .

23
338 S UR N A M E B O O K .

ch arte r ) C h ate ri z o f obscu re , Ch e rrington ; 13th cent form .

origin S keat ( Pl ace N am es o f

.
-

g en e rall y C h e ri n t on the estate o f ,

Comb s p 69 ) quote s the fol l ow ,

. th e Ce r r a fam il y ; A —S ax Ce r ’
. .
,

in g spel l in gs f rom an earl y Cam ringa —tun —inga gen it pl of th e , . .

bri d g esh i re I nqu is ition : C atri z fi l su f fi x in g ; tun estate etc ~

C l 1 e rl i n g —Ge rm de rived f rom the

,
. .
, , ,

C ate ri z , C et ri z C h et ri z
.
. .
,

Ch atte rl y— loc .
. S ta f fs . p ro p e r nam e Carl wh ich was ,

Chatte rton From Ch ad de rton ; s

p el l e d fi r st Ce rl an d C h erl ,

loc L an es .
, mean ing f ree man The f reemen
Ch atto— F r Chateau ; D eh Katto :
. .

.
. .
. w ere cal le d ceorl s .

F l Katto : p
.
. A pal atal fo rm o f . Ch e r r y A F Lat belove d ; F r .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,

Catto ; see Catto . che ri bel oved ch e ri sh ed ; f Lat

. . . .
,

Cha t w i n— E n g p robabl y f rom an , c a r u s d ear ; dwel le r at a ch e rry

-
.

A —S a x
. C e ad w i n e (v . un de r . tre e ; M E che ri for ch er i s ; O . .
. .

Cha d an d 4 O E . wine . .
,
F 11 c ( h ) e ri se ; Lat
,
ce ras u s ; .
,
-

but th e re ha s ve r y l1 C h e rw y ; p
,
.

l i kel y been con fu sion with Chet C h esel d en Ch esl yn — From Ch i se l

,

wyn d ; se e Chetwyn d . don ; l oc Wil ts .

. .

Ch eal Ch eel — Eng bel on g mg to

,
.
. Ch es 1e r Ch esh i re Ch es sh e r Che s , ,

Cheal L i n es ; 9th cen t C eg l

, . . sh ire C h essi e r— Lat 4 E n g
, .
.

Chee se — M eton for Chee s ( e ) ,

belon ging to Che sh i re Che ste r .

man o r C h ees ( e ) w ri g h t ; D eh .
,
'

sh i re ; v Ch este r an d O E
.
, .

Ch i j s ; p se i r
Ch es le y —A F r Lat belongin g to
. .

Chee seman Cheesman Eng , .

.
. .
. .
,

ch eese m ake r o r deal e r ; M E . .

,
Ch esna y France ; O ak woo d or ,
-

c h es ( e ) man ; O F c i e se ; Lat . . .
,
O ak wo od m ea d ow -
.

case u s ch ee se Joh n l e Ch e se
-
. . ca strum a s L an c as ,

man Hun d Roll s . . . te r Cheste r, Ch este r l e—S treet ,

-
,

C h ei rette— D im o f Che rry . . the castrum 0 11 th e Roman Roa d .

Ch el l S ta f f s . Ch esterton — Lat Eng belon g .

,

Ch en d e r— S ame a s S ch in de r a .
in g to Ch este rto n th e farm stead ,

butche r th e sc ra p e r ; Ge rm o r m a n o r at th e ( Roman ) camp ;

Chene y—Ch en ee Ch in y ; l oc Flan
, .

. .
.
v un de r Ch este r an d 4 O E
.
, . .

de rs ; F r Chai gne s Le Ch e sn e : .
, .
tu n Th e N ational Gazettee r
.

l oc Che yn e C h e i n e s C h eyn i 111

.
. , .
n ote s th e ex i stence o f Roman
Rol l o f B attl e Abbe y ; D B . .
.
camp s at n e arl y al l ou r Cheste r
Che n i si s ; F r Ch esn ai s Chesn ee ; .
, ,
ton s ; l oc C amb .
, .

p . Robe rt de Ch esne y B p of , . Ch estnu t Taken f rom th e s i gn o f

-

Lincoln 1147 ; R icha rd Ch e y ne y th e inn .

Ch e sw ri g h t— F rom Ch i sworth ; loc

.
.

B p o f L incoln 156 2
. \ V i l l i am . . .
,

de Che sn e i n Rot O bl et P i i1 D erbysh

C h e tel —N
. . .
.
,

K John 1208 ; see Che y n e Ketel ; D B C h etel ; p

Ch ere s —From Ch ri s a d im o f
.
,
. . .
. .
,
.

, .
Chetwyn d Eng belon gin g , to
Ch ristoph e r . Chetwyn d ( S alop ) 13th cen t ,

Che riton — loc Devon .

. C h ete w yn d e Ch etew i n d app th e . ,
.

Ch er rin gton — En g
.

belon ging to .
,
cottage wi n d in g w ay ; O E cete -
. .
, ,
340 S URN A M E B OO K

“
.

G ibl in phon et ic en d E n g
,
G i boz ; .
, but th ree pe rson s in th e worl d
”—
Gaf fi n Gibbon G iven C h i pp en ;
, , , entitl e d to be cal le d th e th e
Comps E n g Gi p e rt Gibe rn e.
, , , king th e pope an d the Ch ishol m
, ,
.

G i bh ard G i f fard Gaf f e ry Ch ip , , , Ch i swel l — En g dwel le r at th e .

,

p e r, C h e ev er, C h i p F r G i be rt, man .

, gravel —wel l ; O E ei sel gravel . .
, ,

G i v ern e Ch i p p ard , C h i p i e r Gab

, ,
4 w ( e ) el l a a wel l sp rin g ; f rom , ,

a ret Gabel d a Gaval da G ibault ,

, , , Ch ish al l ; loc Es sex .
,
.

Gibon ; Ge rm Gibe rt G ebeh ard .

, , , C h i ttoc k — From Ch i deock ; loc .
,

Gebha rdt Gebe r Gabol d , ,

.
Dorse t ; Ch i t ( t ) 4 the O E . .

Ch ipp— D Kib ; p ; f rom Ge rm .

,
. .
, d i m su f fix. oc Roge r Ch ittoe -
.
,

G eban ; E n g Give f rom wh i ch , , Hun d Rol l s . .

we h ave Gi ev e Gibb G ipp an d , , Ch itt y— From Ch i ttoe ; loc nea r .

,

K ipp to show the form c o nta ined .

Ch eltenham ; Comp D c h Ch its ; . .
,

i n Engl i sh an d in Ge rman I n ad .

p ; Ch it a S axon ten ant in D B

.
,
. .

d ition to tho s e fou r f orm s we F rom Cheeve r ; A F r .

,
.
,

h ave J ebb J i pp Kibbe an d Ch ipp , , .

Lat n icknam e f rom th e goat
.
, ,
.

the last form being Franki sh .

Hen r y C Ch ive re Pa rl Wr its .

,
. .

Ch ippen dal e Ch i p p i n d al e l oc ,
.
, Choat From Chute ; loc Wilts ;
-
.
,

S alop ; E n g belon ging to Ch ip , Fl Jot ; p

Ch o f fin —F t
. .
.
—
p en d al e o r Ch ippin g Dal e ( N ,
.
Chauv in ; p ,
.

L an es ) th e dal e o f th e ch ippin g ,
C h op man — From Fr Chop in a
or market pl ace ; O E c i ep i n g
.
, ,

smal l shop —keepe r

-
.
,
.

d ael D yke de C h yp en d al e A ,
Choul es — D c h f J au l u s ; p
.

D 1246 7 L an e A s s ize Roll s - -

,
.

Ch i sel —
. .
.
,

From O H G gi sal ; O
C ritchlow—En g dwe l
. . .
,
.

N contracte d into gil Ch ri eh l o w

g i sl i
.
, ,
.
, , ,

hostage S impl e fo rm s : G i sal

.
,
l e r at th e c ros s h il l o r c ros s tum - -

K i sal ; 7th cen t G il l o G illa ; bul u s ; v un de r C r itch l e y an d 4 .

,

M E low ; O E h l oe T h i s
, ,

E n g K i s sel l Ch i sel Gil l G il l e y

, , , , ,
. .
.
. .
,
.

K il l K i l l ey ; M G Gei sel K iese l

,
. .
, , ,
nam e has been con fu s ed with
Gill e ; F r G esel Gi ll e ; d im F r .
, ,
.
,
.
,
C ritchl ey .

Ch i sl ai n G esl i n Gilqu in ; E n g , , ,
Ch ri stian P l C h ri staen ; Dc h -
.
,
.
,

Gi l l oc h K il l ick Gil len Ki ssl ing ;

, , ,
Ch ri stan ; S Ch ri sten ; G Ch ri s .
,
.
,

Comp s E n g Gi lbe rt G i l bo d y , , , tian ; p .

Gi l l i bran d G il ford Gi l f re d Gil , , ,

Ch ri sten sen Ch ri stian son Ch ri s ,

lard Gill e r K il le r C h i sel ett Gil ,

tian s son ; v Ch ri stian
’
. .

Ch ri stie Ch ri sty — From Ch ri sto

, , ,

l ett G i l l i h om Gil l i am Gil lman

, , , , ,

Gilmore ; F r G i l bau l t Gi esel e r .

, , ,
ph e r ; th e re i s a root c r ist foun d ,

G i l l i er Ch i l l et ; M G G i sal be rt
,
. .
, , on ol d Franki sh n ame s f rom th e
Gi ss el Ges s le r Ke ssl e r G ilmar
, , , , 7th to th e 9th centu rie s an d ,

Gi lme r . wh i ch F o rsteman n take s to be

Ch i sholm C h i sh ol me— loc , I nve r .
,
f rom th e n am e o f the Lord E n g .
,

nes s Th e ch ie fta in o f th i s clan

. Ch rist Ch ri sto Ch ri sty Ch r ys
, , ,

i s al so as se rte d to be o f fore ign tal ; M od Germ Ch ri st Ch ri s . .

, .

o rigin An ol d ch i e f o f th e clan
. tel ; F r Ch ri st Ch ri st y Ch ri ste l ;
.
, , ,

was wont to say that the re we re S cot an d N o rth E d ims o f

. .
,
.
 AL P H A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 341

Ch rist ian an d Ch r i stoph e r ; see doubtle s s con necte d with O N . .

,

Ch ri stian an d Ch ri stophe r klaka to chatte r ; N K l oku ; .

,
.
,

Ch ri stmas—Wh en men we re s u d Dc h K l oek ; p ; C lac a S axon .

,
.
,

d en l y cal l e d upon to fin d a su r tenant in D B . .

n ame for themselve s in the i r Cla i r Clai re Cla re—loc C o rn w , , ,

.
,
.
,

pe rpl ex ity th ey la i d hol d of th e S uff ol k F rom H igh Ge rm cl ar . .

, ,

d ays o f th e week o r th e month il lu striou s ; F r Cl ai r o r Lati n , .

, ,

o r th e season s o f th e ch u rch Cla rus ; A F r Lat famou s i l , .

,
-
.
,
.
, ,

wh ich ha s given ri se i n some lu strion s B ut ou r En gl is h an d , .

case s to th e M on days M un days Anglo I ri s h Cla re s de r ive th ei r ,

-

an d S un days to th e n ames o f n ame as a rul e f rom th e No r

, , ,
,

N oal N oal l o r Ch ri stmas Easte r

,
man fam ily ( o r fam il ie s ) de ,

an d M i ddlema s Hol i day an d Cla re o r de S t Cl a re o r S t , ,

.
,
.

Hoc kaday Cla i r the latte r a common French

Ch ri stoph e r—S Kr isto f fe rson ; p ;
.
,

place —n am e , C lare i n S u f f ol k .
.

A .
,G r Ch ri st B ea r in g Ch r ist
.
, a ros e roun d th e ca stle o f Gilbe rt
-
,

T ribute . de Cl are whose s i ste r ma rrie d .

Ch ri stoph e rsen C h ri stop h e rson th e Earl o f Ul ste r ca r ryin g th e

, ,
'
Ch ri stoph e r s son v Ch ristoph e r Lo rdsh ip o f Cl are i nto th at .
.

Ch ubb —
A Sax p e rsonal fam ily ; se e S i ncl ai r . .
.

n ame C eob ( b) a as se en i n th e Clam —D K l amer K l amk e ; G

p
,
.
, ,
.
,

place —n ame Chobham doubtl es s Kl amm K l ammt ; p Claman a ,

“
.
, ,
con necte d w ith E chub chubby S axon tenant i n D B .
, , ,
. .

an d al so E cob th e s en se be in g —
C l m i Clamp itt Eng dwel le r
,
.
,
”
‘
a p t
fat , B ut th e re h as ,
.
,

at a mu d dy o r clayey p itt o r
been c on fus i on w ith Jubb ; F r ,

cl a y— p it ; O E clam m ud cl ay
.
,

Chu pe ; p ; se e Jubb ,
. .
, ,

C h u bboc k—D im o f Chubb ; D eh

4 f rom C lamp itt loc
.

tt ;
.

p y ; .
.
,

C o rn w
.

Kubbe K u h bau c h ; G Kub ick

.
'

C 1ap c ott— loc B e rks

,
.
,

p .
. .

— —
.

Chu dl e igh C h u d l ey En g belon g Cl app Th e an c Anglo — S can d . .

.
, ,
,

in g to Chu dl e igh o r Ch i d l e i g h p e rs ona l n ame Cl ap ( p ) a doubt ,

( Devo n ) C yd d a s l ea ; O
.
E le s s connected w ith O N
’
klap . .
,
. . .

l eah a m eadow
,
pa Du t klappen to cl ap p rate
.
.
, , , .

Chu gg— G S c h u g e ; p .
.
O sg o d Cl apa th e f ri en d o f Ha r .
,

Chu rch il l — E n g dwell e r at th e th ac n u t and sh i re reeve o f M i d

,
-

ch u rch h il l ; O E-
c i r ice d l esex was al so ban i she d an d the
. .
, . ,

h yl l ; F r d e C u rc el l e ; p ; f rom
.
,
sam e fate atten de d a ll those wh o .

Cou rcel l es : loc F ran c e ; Ch u r ha d shown an y oppos ition to th e

.
,

ch il l l oc S om e rs
,
.
,
election o f E dwa rd ( th e Con .

Ch u rton — loc Che s f essor )

.
,
L ap p en be rg Thorp e
.
.
-
,

C ine— s ee S ign A S ax Kin gs i i 290 N K l ap r ;

.
. . . . . .
,

C ivi l— F r C i v i el ; p .
.
D K l ep sc h ; S Klop ; D eh
.
.
. .
, .
,

—
C l abo d F l Cl abots : p .
,
K lapp : p .
.

— —
Cl ack Th e an c An gl o S cand pe r C l arabu t
.
F l C l ai rbau t ; Cle r .
.
.
,

sonal n ame C l ac ( c ) Kl ak ( k ) bau t ; p , ,

.
 342 S U RN A M E B OO K .

Cl ari c o at From C l erew ood c ott ; Al i ce in Ie C lay Hun d Roll s ; , .

loc H ants Th omas de l a Cl ey H und Rol l s ;

Cl ari dge C 1ari s —A I tal Lat an
.
,
.
, .

,
.
,
.
,
.
, loc N orman d y ; D Klee ; p ;
.
, .
, .

l i c i z at i on s o f th e I tal Clar ice see Cl a yman

g .
, .

( c p ron as ch ) ill u striou s ; Lat .

,
.
, Cl aybu rn — Trade — name .

cl a r u s th e fern agent ; su f fix
-
. Claycomb —D im o f Clay ; E n g p .
,
.

-
ix —i c i s ; f rom Cl a rach ; loc Car
,
.
, Cla yman — Tli e m arl d igge r I n th e - -
.

digan . Fen s o f Cambri dge the fiel ds are ,

Clark Clarke— D p ; f rom Cl erk

,
.
, .
,
d res se d by d igging down bel ow
on e who coul d rea d an d plead the vegetabl e moul d to th e gras sy
the benefit o f th e cle rgy The . ma rl ben eath an d th i s i s sp rea d ,

I rish Cl arke s are mostly Cl earys as man u re ove r th e soi l hen ce ,

an gl ic ized . th e su rn ame Cl a ye Cl aye r Cl ay , , ,

Clarkeson Cla rkson — Th e Cl e rk s ’

man
C la ypol e Cla ypool —Eng dwell e r
.
.

son ; v Cl erk ( e )
Clatworth y—E n g
. .
. .
,

belon ging to ,
at the cl a y pool ; loc L an es -
.
, .

Clatwo rth y ( S om s ) A D 1277 . . .

,
Cla yson — Cla y s son ; v Cla y ; fo r ’
.

C l ot ew o rth y p robabl y Cl ot ( t ) a s ,
’
Cla yson .

estate o r farm ; comp O E . . .

, Cla yton — En g belongin g to Clay ,

C l ot ( t ) a l ump ; O E w o rd i g ,
. .
, ,
ton th e cla y dwell in g or th e
,
-
,

estate etc ; loc S ome rs ,

. .
, . farm stead at the claye y pl ace ; v .

Cl aughton — E n g belonging to ,
un de r Cl a y an d 4 M E ton , . .
,

Claughton th e cla y dwell in g or ,

-
,
tun ; O E tun ; loc L an es
. .
,
.
, ,

th e fa rm stead at th e cl ay bog ; O -
Yorks
C l ean d l an —From th e I ri sh C l eal an
. .

E c l aeg ; Dan kl aeg cl ay ; comp

.
,
.
, ,
. .

N orth D ial E cl ag a bog 4 . . .

, , Cl easby S can d belongin g to .
,

tun dwel l ing fa rm stead etc

, , ,
. Cleasby ( Yorks ) O N by r a . . .
,
-

Wi ll iam de C l ah ton A D 126 5 .

. .
, settl ement fa rm ; the fi rst el e ,

L an e In q etc ; Joh n d e C l ag h
. .
,
. m en t i s p robabl y a pe rson al n ame
ton A D 1302 L an e In q etc ;
,
. .
,
. .
,
. i n th e gen it cas e ; loc Yorks . .
, .

loc , L an es . . Cl eath e r F rom Cl ithe roe ; loc .

,

Cl awson— F rom gl as s gl i s br ight . . L an es .

n es s beaut y : O G Gl is ; l 0th
,
. .
, Cleave r— E n g Cl eac e o r Cleve 4 ,

cent En g Gla s s Gl as sy Gla se

.
, , , , th e a gent ; su f fix er ; pe rhaps a -

C las s ; M od Ge r m Gl as s Gl e is s . .
, , , fo rm o f Cl ever as a n ickname ; ,

Klas s ; F r Gl as Gl ai se Gl aze ; .
, , , M E cl ive r read y to se ize al
. .
, , ,

p honet ic en d in g Eng Cla s son ; , , l ied to E cleave to stick ; spl it .

, ,

Fr Cla ssen son o f Clau s ; see

.
, , te r ; com p the mode rn t rade o f .

Clos son .
l ath cl e ave r o r lath spl itte r ; G
- -
.
,

Cl axton — En g bel ongin g to C l ax .

,
Kl iewe r ; p .

ton C l ac ( c ) s e state ; v un de r Cl egg— E n g o r S can d th e gut

’
.
,

Cl ack an d 4 O E tun ; loc

, .
,

,
. .
, .
, tu ral fo rm o f Clay Th e com .

Le ics N o rf .
,
.
mon n ess o f Cl egg as a Lancash i re
Cla y Claye— En g dwel le r at th e
,
.
, su rnam e i s due to Cle gg ( H all ) ,

cl aye y pl ace ; M E cl a y Cl e y ; . .
, ,
n ea r Roch dal e From O H . . .
,

O E c l aeg ; Dan kl aeg clay

. .
, , , . Ge rm gl au cl au ; A S Gl eaw
.
, ,
. .
, ,
344 S E a x \ 1 11: B OO K

D eh Kloos ; Fl . Clo se ; p ; . see wh ich ca se the s econ d element

“
“
,
.
.

Clo u s e . may represent the Du t beek a .

,

C l osn e r— see C l amp i t broo k an d th e fi rst th e Dut

’

. .
,

Cl os 50 11 — S K l ason . . : G .
, Deh . k l at e ren to cl atte r ”
I f how ,
.
,

Cl au son ; p f rom N ikolau s ; se e . eve r n ot local th e n am e may be

, ,

“
a n ickn ame for a ro yste re r or
'

C l a11 son .

Cl oth ie r— From Load Lo st ill u s . . s p ark th e secon d el em ent then

,
”
t ri ou s : Eng Clod e Clou d . , , be in g the Dut bok a buck .
,
.

Clout : M od Ge rm K l od e . .
,
'

, Ju dgin g by th e fo rm C lutte r
Kloth : F r Lau de Cl au de ,
. booke fou n d in A D 1585 th e . . .
.

Com p oun d s En g Loade r Low , . latte r i s p robabl y th e true ety

de r Cloth i e r : M od Ge rm Loth
. . .
. mol og y A Flem i sh re f ugee name .

e r Lotter ; F r
. L o e d e r Lau d ie r .
. , , C l o erterbook e w as sh eri f f of
Lantie r etc .
. Glos in 1586 . .

C l o u d e sl e y Cl ou dsl e —
y En g be .
.
, Cl utton — En g bel on ging to Cl ut .

'

longin g to Cloud sl e y C l u d s lea ; . ton p robabl y th e Cl ew or Clough

,

A S ax C l u d e sl e ah ; comp O
. . . . fa rm stead ; O E c l oh tun ; . .
,

E el u d a ro ck ; l oc \V arw . . . . l oc Ch e s S ome rs .
. .

C l o u d sd al e— From Cl yd e sdal e ; loc .

, Cl yde — P ro p e r n ame .

Lana rk . Cl yn e— D D eh G Kl e in ; p .
,
.
. .
. .

C lough Clow C l o w e Cl u f f — F rom

. .
,
C o ac h e f e r C o ac h f e r— F l Cauch , .
,

Clough : l o c Yorks ; E n g dwel . a fe r ; p .

l er at a h oll ow o r rav ine : M E . .

Coak C oak e —Coke Cook ( e ) ; s ee
. .

cl o ( u ) gh : O E c l o h A dam del . . . Oeo k .

Clo gh A D 136 4 L an e Fin es. . .

,
. . Coalman — see Colem an .

Cl ou se Clowes — d in u n o f N ikl au s ;
. . Coa lte r— see Co lt su f fix er ,
-
.

Fr Kl as : Cl ose ; D eh K l ou s ;
.
. .
.
Coate Coate s C o at s C oatse —E n g
. , . .

G . Klau s Klaas K l aw s Klos

, . . , .
belonging to Coat ( e ) s or dwel .

Klose : p .

l e r at th e cottages o r th e pen s ;
Clout Cloutin g— D Kloth : D eh
.
M E an d D ial E cote a cot
. .
. . .
. ,

K loo t : K l u i t : p ; G K l atti n g ; .

tage al so an an imal —p en ; O E
. . .
,

Dc h Cl o e t i n g h : Pl .
. C l o eten : p .

cot ; l oc n E d i n bg l 1 Yorks
C love r— Eng
. .
, .
. .
.

Clov e , ! p robabl y .
Cobb C obbe— N K obbi d im o f
,
.
,
Clough er rathe r th an th e p l ant
.
,
.

Jakob ; S K o bbs C obed ; D eh .

, ,
11 ame : N K l au fi : D eh Kluve r
.
,

— Kop ; G Kobe Kobe r K obi tz .

, , ,

p :. see Clough er .

Ko pp Ko p p er p D B C op si
,

Cl ubb Cl u bbe— S can d p robabl y a

.
. , . .
,
.

. .
.

F rom An g —S av ca f C o f stren
n ickname : M E c l u bbe ; O : N
.
. .

n ou s S impl e form s : E n g Co f
. .
. .
.

klubba k l u mba a club ; D a 11

.
.
. . .
f ey Cove y Cop p Cob Cu ff
.

. ,
N o r11
.

k 111b ; N Kl ypr ;
. G .
,
Cu f fey C u bbey : M G Kaup
, ,

, . .

K l o ebb Klo h e l ober K l u p sc h ;

, ,
. . .

Kop p K ubbe : Fr C o f f y Cop .

D eh C l ob K lop ; F l Clo p p
.

,
. .
. ,
eau C u f ay ; d im E n g C u f fll ey
C h i ne— F rom Clu n : loc S alo p
. .
. ,

.
. .
Cubl e y Cople y Covel l Co p s e y . , . ,

Clutte rbuck— Teut : th i s n ame is C u bbi d g e Co pp ock Co pelin . . ,

sai d to be 16 th cent impo rtation . C u f fl i n : Fr Cov i ll e Co p el Cop .

,

f rom th e Low Countri es in , p ez : M G Copp el Comp s Eng . .

, . .
,
 AL P H A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 345

V ov e rt Coppa rd Cubitt Cup it , , , ,

Cog to caj ol e ; S Cocar ; D
,
.
,
.
,

Co f fm an Copeman Cu f man ; , ,
Kogl e ; D eh K ok el en to j uggle .
, ,
.

phoneti c e n ding E n g Co f fin , ,
Joh n l e Koc H un d Rol l s Pete r ,
. .

Copp in Cov en y ; F r C of fi n eau ; ,

.
,
atte Coc Car 1 In g P M .
, , . .

A H eb a d im o f Jacob
.
,
Rob ,
.
. Cocka yn e Cock in g— From Cock ,

e rt Cobbe Hu n d Ro l l s ; see ,
. ayn e o r Coca igne i e Lon don ;
‘

,
. .

Jacob a Cockney R ich ard de C ok ayn e .

,

Cobbett C obett— Cobb th e F r

.

,
‘

, ,
H und Ro l l s ; loc S u s sex ; F r
. .
,
.
,

dim su f fix et ; an as s im form -
.
Cocagn e ; p .

Coc kbu rn — E n g
.

o f Cuthbe rt ; d im o f K obbi .
dwel le r at th e ,

( J akob ); D eh : C o b et ; F l Cob ,
.
,
cock —b ro ok i e a s tream let f re ,
. .
,

bae rt ; p ; s ee Cobb Cu thbe rt .

q u e n t e d by th e woodcock et c ; ,
.

Cobbl e Cobl e—S C obel ; P l Cop

,

O E coce
.

. . bu rn e ; loc S c otl
,
.
,
.

Cocke rel l Cock ril l — F r Cocque re l ;

.
.
.
, ,

al ; G Kopp le ; p ; see Cobb

.
,
.
.
,
.
,

Co b b l e d i c k— Fo rm C o pp l e d yk e or p ; f rom
. Coch e re l ; loc N o r .
,

C ou p l e d yk e ; loc L i n es ; Koppel .
,
man dy or C oc k e rh i l l
,
Che s ,
.

d ij k D eh l o c
' R ichard Cockerel l in Rot O bl ,
. .

Cobbl ey Cobl ey — loc Wo rc est ;

.
,
.
,

. e t Fin K John .
,
. .

,
.

s ee Cobb Cocke rham C oc k e ram En g be ,

-
.
,
~

Cobbol d—Eng
.

th e Dome s day .
lon ging to Cocke rham N L an es ,
.
,

—
,

C u bpf d th e A S ax C u th b ( e ) the enclosu re on th e r ive r Cock

bol d H a m e r ; O E tu n fa rm etc
. .
,

f am ou s 4 o .
. .
, , , .

famou s b ( e ) al d bol d H amo ,

.
Cocke rton — E n g bel onging to ,

C u b a l d H un d R o ll s S C o b,
e l ; . . .
,
Cocke rton Du rham th e fa rm ,
.
,

D B Cu bol d ; p .
stead or enclosu re o n th e r iver
Cocke r ; O E tun f arm etc
.
.
,

Coho rn C oborn e Cobu rn An a s -

. .
, , , .

Cockl e— Fro m
. ,

s im form of Coc kbu rn v Cock

.
.
C o c kh i l l loc .
,

burn C ol eborn ; f rom Cobu rn a S ome rs

C oek se d g e—From C o c kh e d g e l oc
.
,
,

contract ion of Cockbu rn .

.
,

L an e s ; E n g dwell e r at the
Coch ran Co ch rane— Cel t bel on g ,

cock s e dge i e th e h il l —s i de o r
,
.

, ’

in g to Coch ran e ( Ren f rew ) the ,

,
. .
,

re d allotment o f l an d ; Wel .
,
ri dge fre quen te d by game bi rd s ; -

coch re d 4 rh an a sh are d iv is v un de r Cock an d M E egge ;

.
, . .
.

O E ecg
, ,
,

ion etc Th i s fam ily ( Coch ran e . .

, .

Cod d Code — En g th e A —S ax pe r
.
,

Dun don al d ) wh ich de riv e d its ,

, ,
. .

su rn am e f rom th e B arony o f s onal name Co d Coda C o d d a ; . .

C och ran e Co R en f rew i s o f .

,
comp O E cod d a bag ; D eh
. . .
, ,
.
,
.

great antiqu it y in N orth B ritain .

Kode ; p .

Will iam de Coch ran e pe r fo rme d Codd in gt on — En g bel ongin g t 0 .

,

h omage to E dwa rd I — Bu rke s Cod d in gt on th e estate o f th e

’
. ,

Pee rage etc Th e re h as been ,

.
Co d ( a ) f am i l y ; A S ax Cod .
-
.
.

con fu s ion with Corco ran ; see in ga tun —inga gen it p lu ral o f
-

, . .

Co rco ran .
th e fi l s u f fix —in g ; tun estate .
, ,

Cock Cocke— D Cock ; F r C oeq : .

farm etc ,
.

Codey Cody— From Co d h ay ; loc

.
,
.
, ,

D eh Kok ; G Koch ; S Kock ;

.
.
.
,
.
, .

D B Coc p f rom N o rth E n g

. .
,
. .
,
Devon ; Au g —S ax God ( Deus ) , .
346 SUR N A M E B OO K .

Godd y Good Goad Goode y , , , , pl e form s : O G Gogo Cogo . .

, , . ,

G oo dd ay Gott Gotto Codd , , , ,

Coco ; 6 th cen t Roll o f B attl e ,

Cod y etc John Go d th e name

,
.
,
Abbe y Gau g y ; E n g G og ay , , ,

of a wr ite r who l ive d in th e 17th Cock ; F r Coq Coch e ; d im .

,
.
,
.

centu r y ; see Cod d Eng Cockl e Cogh i ll C og l i n

Codn e r Codnor—En g belonging
.
, , , .

,
.
,
Cockl in Gogg s Cocks ; M G , , . .
,

to Codnor De rb y ; p robably ,
Gogel Gockel Koch l in ; F r , ,
.
,

Coda s rive r bank ; A —S ax C0

’
-
. .
,
Coel in C oc h el i n ; Com p s E n g .
.
,

dan —o ra —Co d an gen it o f Coda 4 ,

. Cock in g Cockett Cockman , , ,

o ra a ban k shore
, ,
. C oc h man Coachman ; F r C o ,
.
,

Cod rington Glos ~

. quet C oc ard Cochard ; M G
, ,
. .
,

C o c — A S can d a n ickname f rom

.
,
.
,
K oc k e rt Koche r ; phon etic en d ,

th e Jackdaw ; M E co ( e ) koo . .
, , ,
in g E n g Goggin Coggin Cock
, , , ,

etc ; O N k a ; comp Dan kaa ;

. . .
,
. .
,
i n ; F r Coqu in Coch in .
, ,
.

Coghl an— Celt meton ym ic f or a

‘

Swed kaj a a j ackdaw ; D eh , ,

.
, .
,

Coe Koe ; p ; f rom cow countr y

,
.
,
p rie st or m on k ; I r Co c h l an .
, ,

d i strict ; O Ge rm C aw o ; E n g cochal a cha suble cope cowl 4

th e d im su f fix —
. .
, , , , , ,

Cow Cowi e Goe Coe etc , , , ,

. an ; f rom th e I ri sh .

Co f fee Co f fe y— Cel t v i ctoriou s ; O Co c h l ai n ; p

’

.
, , .

I r C obh ( t ) h ac k ; F r Co f fe ; p ;
.
,
.
,
. Cogman — N Kaggi ; n i ckname : .
,

f rom Coi f fy in Haute M arn e ; ,

G C og h s ;
.
, D eh .
,
K o g h ee ; P l .
,

f rom C o f strenuous ; E n g C of , , C og h en ; p .

f ey Cove y ; Mod Ge rm
, Kaup . .
, ,
Cogswel l — En g dwelle r at th e .
,

Kubbe ; F r C o f f y etc .
, ,
. cock s wel l i e a wel l o r sp ring
’

,
. .
,

C of fi el d From Coc k fi el d ; loc frequented by game —b i rd s ; O E . .

,

Du r S u f f .
, . coce ; gen it c oc c es 4 wella ;
. .

Co f fi n — A F r Lat th e Fren ch .
,
.
,
.
,
f rom Cogshal l ; l oc E sse x .
,
.

Co f fin a form o f Chauv in bal d ;

, ,
Col<e r —l oc S om e rs John l e .
. .

F r chauve 4 th e d im su f fi x i n ;
.
, .
-
C oke r Pa rl Wri t s , . .

Lat calv — u s bal d ; p ; see Co f fe e

.
, ,
. . Colbe rt— From Col l helmet ; O ld ,

Cogan Coggan C og g en s — Cel t

, , ,
Ge rm C o l obe rt ; 8th cen t ; Eng
.
,
.
,

belon gin g to Cogan ( S Wale s ) .

. Col breath Co ol breath ; F r Col ,
.
,

th e c u p o r bowl shape d val le y ; -

be rt etc , .

Wel cogan a cup bowl ; F l

.
, , ,
.
, Colborne C ol bu rn — N K ol bj o rn ; ,
-
.
,

C og h e n ; p John de Cogan p C ol ebe rn a tenan t in ch i e f i n

.

.
,

( Devon ) Hu n d Rol l s , . .
D B ; d wel l e r at ( a ) th e col d
Cogge r—A F r Lat
. .
,

boatman .
,
.
,
.
, ,
brook ; ( b ) th e bl ack brook The .

sailo r ; M E cogger ; M E . .
, . .
, Dome sda y C o l ebern p robabl y fo r ,

c og g e for cocke a cockboat ; O

, ,
. th e Norse K ol bj o rn O N bj orn .
. .
,

F r coque a boat ; p robabl y f rom

.
, . a bea r ; th e fi rst el em en t i s some
Lat conch a a shel l ; N K u g g i ;
.
, ,
.
, w hat doubt fu l e ithe r O N k j o l l ,
. .
,

Fl .
, Cogen ; G Cog h o ; D eh .
, .
, equal s O E c eo l a sh ip ; or O . .
, .

K o g g h ee ; p . N kol equal s O E
.
. coal , . .
,

Cogh il l F rom the N En g gog .

, .
black .

CO O
b
a roun d i sh l ump ; A S
y . .
,
C ol bran t — N K ol bru n ; p ; s ee .
,
.

g eo c cou rage ; S we d gok S im

, , . Col ls .
348 S UR N A M E B OO K .

Coll in son — C ol l in s so n ; Com fort — From C omberf ord ; loc

’
Co l l in s ,

Coll in or Col i n ; see Colin C ol l s S ta f f s Th i s i s a doubt fu l name ,

. . .

Coll ington— l oc H e re f I t may ea si l y be an d probabl y is q , ,

Col l ingwoo d— Fro m Col l i ngwood : a corrupt fo rm o f th e p rec edi ng

loc S ta f f s
.
,
name Come r fo rd O n the o the r
.
, .

Coll iste r — For Cal l i ste r a contr o f hand B rad sl ey has fo un d th e ,

.
,

M ac A l l i ster ; see M ac A l l i ste r fo rm C u m f ort in both th e Hu n d .

C e l l s— N K ol l r an d K ol r ; S red Rol l s an d the Clos e Roll s

“
,
.
.
, ,

Ku l l ; D Koell e ; G Koll a Kol showing th e p os s i bi l it y o f th e

“
.
,
.
, , .

l er K ol l ey K oh l Ixo hl er ; D eh
,
n am e be ing what it a p pears to be
, ,
.
, ,
”
Koll ; D B Col Colo Col a vi z f ro m the Fr con f ort help
. .
, , , , .
, .
-
, ,

Col s ; P l Colas Col l e Col l es com f ort

.
, , , , .

Cu l u s ; p Com . i sh — Ge rm for f unny or com .

Colm an — D eh K oel man ; G Koh l i cal .

- .
, .

man n ; p John Col eman i n Rot Comman de r A n am e o f o f fice a s

.
.
,

O bl et Fin K John ; see Col l s

.
gove rnor comman de r ; Wil l iam l e
.
, .
.
,

Co l p u s — N Kal i r ; P l Cal p h as ; .
Com man de r
,
.
,
.

G K al bas ; D B C al p u s an d C ommere l l From

.
Co mb erw el l ; .
,
-

Calvu s ; p S a x on ten ant temp loc Wi lt s .

.
.
,

E d w Con f an d un d er tenant s at
.
Comm in s Com in es From C om in
. ,

S u rvey .
e s i n Fl an de rs Robert d e Com , .
'

—
Col son see C ol lett i nes c re ated Ea rl o f N o rth u mbe r
.

lan d by the Conque ror l e ft k in s

Colt— Col t i s th e H ig h Ge rman m an i n N orth En g an d S cotlan d
,

form o f Gol d as Gol t Kol t

.
,

f ro m wh ich we h ave Com in gs , , ,

E n g Gol d Gol die Col d

,
Ko l d
Cumm in s Coom i ng Oomyas etc , , , ,

Compton —L oo
Co lt etc W il liam l e C ol t Hun d , .
, ,

Dorset Hants
.
. .
,
. , ,
Rol l s
.

S ome rs S ta f f s Wilts

“
.
, ,

belongin g to Colton —A
— Co n de r g
Condor .
,
Fr Lat
+
Col a s estate o r farm ste ad v
' , .
, .
, .
,

4 ;
fi sh erman s gu id e ; f rom D ial E
. ’

u n de r Col e E n g an d O E
. .
,

con d o r cund to d i rect fi sh i n g

.
,
.

, ,

tun ; loc L an es S ta f f s Yorks .

boats
,
”
A con de r was on e sta , ,
.
,

Colvi n— se e Calv in
.

t i o n e d on h igh groun d in o rde r to .

Combe Comb e s
,
Combs — loc in d icat e to th e fi sh e r men the ,
.
,

Gl os ; f rom Go m Gum Com

. d i rect ion o f th e he rr ing sho al s , , ,
-
.

m an ; E n g Gumm a C ommoe En g mo d rep res entative o f the

, , , . ,

Gomm Gumm G room Combe ,

A — S ax Cu n d h e re o r C yn d h ere ; , , , . .

O E c yn d natu re qual ity etc

+
etc . . .
, , , ,
.

Combe r Comer Com er ford— E n g ,

h e re a rmy , , , .

m F mb —
\Noo l e o be r l ax c o e r ; M Con d i e Con d y A Fr Cel t be -
. .
, , ,
.
, .
,

E Combe r ; O E comb a oomb

+
.
,
longin g to Con d e in N orman dy . .
, ,

the agent su f fix — e re John l e etc th e Con fluen ce ; Ce lt con d at

’

.
,
. . .
, .

Combe r Hun d Ro ll s Th e A ,
Cond at and Con d e a re c ommon . . .

S ax p e rson al n am e C ombra
. Fren ch p lace nam es Con de i n th e ,
-
.
'

C u mbra ; p ro babl y f rom O E N ord call e d Con da t— um in A D . .

, ,
-
. .

c u mbra a banne r in s i gn ia ,
870 an d a f te rw ard s Cond at i s ,
.
, ,
 A L P HA B ET I CA L I N D EX .
349

si tua te d at th e con fl uence o f th e nam e as th e name occu rs withou t

.

H ain e an d th e Sche l dt A F r . .
-
.
, a lo cal p refix in Fren ch d i rec
dwell e r by a Con du i t ; F r Con .
, to ri e s O 11 th e othe r h an d the re
.
,

du it ; f rom Lat cond u cto rs to .

, , i s a pl ace n ea r B re st c al l ed L e ’

co n d uct . Conqu et From Conque s o r Con

.

Con e— N Ko n r ; D eh Con ; F l
.
,
.
,
.
, qu et ; loc N orman dy .
, .

Coe n ; p Con ra d— Th e cor respo ndence o f

C on g cl on —loc C o rn w
.

. .
.
. the se Teuto n ic d i th emeti c n ame s
Conge r— Ge rm p rob o f th e sam e .
, . with those o f G reece h as al rea d y
o rig in a s Con kl in . been noti ce d O the r exampl es .

C on g reav e Con g reve Eng be a re D i etr ich p eopl e powe r f ul

°

-
,
.
, , .

lo n gi ng to Congreve th e cony , , Lu dwi g glori o u s figh t Con rad

, , ,

Rabbit grove ; M E con i p ro b

-
. .
, , bo l d counc i l A lthough a Coen .

ably th ro O F r c on n i l f rom
+
,
. .
,
red wa s fath e r o f In c k in g o f ,

La t c on i c u l u s a rabbi t M E
.
-
, . . We ss ex th e Con rad an d C on
, .

gre ( a ) ve ; O E g rea f a gro ve ; . .

, , rath in ou r d i rector i e s to day i s
,

l o c S ta f f s
.
,
. gen e rall y an angl ic izati on o f th e
C on ingsby S can d belon gin g to corre spon d in g Ge rman Kon rad
Co mrat— Fro m th e O Germ Ch ri s
.
. .

Con in gsby Lin e th e Roya l m an

o r gen i t o f O N ke nu n g —
.
, .
,

+
,
. r . .
, , ta in n ame Con ra d ; al so Kon rat .

k i n g by r ; l oc L i n es -
.
, . Co n sh a f ter— Fro m Ku nd s cha fte r ,

C onk Conkl i n — Ge rm an Conk mean i n g sp y o r scout ‘

Conve y Conway—Cel t th e I ri sh
.
. .

mu st be a n am e on th e northe rn.
, .

co ast o f Germany . n ame Conwa y i s a gen it f orm ; .

Conkl in — Li ttle Conk . con mh ai g h e f rom th e n o m Cu

-

, .

Con lan Con l in

,
Conl on — Cel t ; .
mh a g h e houn d o f th e p la in cu
i
, , ,

h e ro ; I r Co n n l an for C on n el l an
.
,
. gen it con a houn d loc Wal es ;
.
, , ,
.
,

C onne l Conn el l Conn e l l Conn el Cu —mh ai g h e wa s a common I ri sh

l y— Cel t con fl i ct ; I r an d Gael
. , ,

p e rsona l nam e an gl ici ze d C o oey

“
an d abs u rd ly Qu in ti n —J oyce
, .
, , ,

C on g h al C on gal Con fl ict . , . .

C on n el l y Con n le y Connol l y C onol

-
, , ,
Cook Coo ke— In th e Hun d Rol l s
, .
.

l y— C el t c onfl i ct ; I r C on g h al
.
,
.
,
Robe rt Fil Coc i shows that .

’
ach Con g al ac h congal a confl i ct
, . ,
so m e cooks son s we re so d esi g
th e pe rson al su f fi x — ach ; f rom n a f ed whos e fathe rs ha d n o rec
Cononl ey l oc Yo rks ; f rom th e ,
.
,
og n i z ed su rnam e s ; Le Co q give s

I r is h O C i bg g au k el ; p
’
. u s ( Wi ll l e Coq ) Wi lcox com ,

Co n n e r— From th e I ri s h O Con c h o
bha i r ; N K n or n obl e ; p ; de
r ived f ro m th e Celti c
’
b inati o n ; ( John l e Coq ) H an
.
, . . cock ; bes i des th e Fre nch te rmi n
. at ion l e Coq wh en Coxe we have , ,

Conn ing — E n g sk il ful c l ev e r c u n the En g s u rnam e Cooke al so

’

.
, , , .

n in g ; M E conn in g c u n n yi n g ; . .
. ,
Coo kson Cookman 1379 ent ry ; , ,

f rom O E c u n n an to know ; . .
, ,
Jo ann e s A l c ok son John th e son .

A F r Lat a n i cknam e f rom

.
, .
. .
,
o f A l l en th e Cook Wil l iam \Vi lk .

th e rabb it ; v un de r Con y . , . oeson W i ll iam son o f \Vi ll the

,

Conqu est The Fren ch C onqu et ,

Co ok The an cesto rs o f the Ea rl
.

ea rl ie r Conque st p e rhap s a n ick , o f Le ices te r we re c oo k s whose

350 S UR N A M E B OO K .

place was by no m ean s i n the e r ; Ch a p man f rom Scan d or Dut .

,

Hou se o f Lo rd s bu t in th e kitch ,
comp S we d K op man an d Dan ;
.
,

en . N orw K j obman d Dut koop

.
, ,
.
,

C o ci k se —
y En g be longing to Cook .
,
m an Ger kau f mann f rom Co f
, .
,
'

sey ; the fi rst el ement may be strenuou s ; Ge rm compo un d .

,

cook or f or cock i n th e geni tiv e ;

, , Cou f man 9t h cen t E n g Co f f , , ,

wh i le th e secon d may be M E . .
, man Copeman Cu fman
, ,
.

Co p en h av en — M an who came f rom

'

ey ,
an i sl an d or l ow r iver s i de
l an d o r for M E h ey a m eadow Cop enh agen ; north e rn d ialect
Cop en ing C opp in—Fren ch 1Cop i n
,
. .
, ,

o r fi el d ; loc Worc est

.

. .
,

Cook son — ( the ) Cook s son : v

,
’
.
or Copp in a doubl e d im o f Jaco b ,
. .

Cook .
I vo CO p i n Hun 1 Rol l s ; s ee
C ool be ar— From d r1n k n am es as
, .

, Cobb J aco b ,
.

Goo dal e G oo dbeer Cool bear

, , ,
Co p e sti c k — From C op estak e ; l o c
foun d am on g th e ea rl i est su r
.
,

—
Coplan see Cop l e y .

n ame s as beverage ,
.

Copl ey— From C o f A n g S ax

Coo le y— An g S a x
-

, ,
an d Dan i sh
. . .

O l d Ge rm
-
. .

st renuou s ; d im ,
n ame s i n th e Dome sda y B ook
. .

,
Cu f f o l a ; 8th cen t E n g C u f fl ey
L i n es ; Col a S u s sex ; Col e ( S u s s
.
, ,

Cubl e y C ep l ey Cove ll etc

.
, ,

an d De rb ) Col le ( Dev ) Colo . . . .

Cop p ing—A F r H eb Copp in

. . .
,

many c oun tie s Cool e .

, .
, , ,

Coombe Coombs — loc

,

C orn w
w ith ex c res g ; En g dwell e r at .
,
-
.
,

+
,
. .
, ,

Devon H ants etc th e c o p meadow v un d e r Copp

-
. .
,

O N E ing O N en g a
.
, , .

an d - -

Coon Coon s Co on art Conn in g ton

, , ,
. . .
, . .
,

—G en e rall y an angl ici z ation o f m ead ow .

th e Ge rman Kohn .
Coppin ger — N K au p u n g r ; n i ck .
,

Coope r — From Cupa r ; l oc Fi f e .

,
nam e ; D Koeppen ; S Kop .
,
.
,

o r P l Ku p pe r ; Deh Cu yp er ; p
.
,
.
, .
pang ; Dc h Kopp en ; p ; see .
,
.

A make r o f vats an d ba rrel s Th e .

C op p on .

an cestor o f th e Earl o f S h af tes Coppl e stone l oc D evon .

—N
,
.

bu r y wa s a coop e r .
C op p on .
,
K au p u n g r ; n i ck
Coote — Th e most common en di ng n ame ; D ; Ko p p Koeppen ; S .
.
.
,

f o r simpl e n am e s amon g th e ,
Kopp Koppan g ; D c h Koppe
,
.
, ,

French a s among th e ol d Fran k s ,

Koppen ; p .

i s 0 o r w ith th e u sual supe rfl uou s Co rah — From C o rrar ; loc S alop

— —
.

,
.
,

l ette rs eau Thu s French Cout, .

Cora y Co rrie Cel t dwel l e r in or
,
L
,

eau co rre spon d s w ith as I take i t , ,

by a hol low ; Gael an d I r coi re . .
, ,

Eng Coote P l . Cote ; D eh . .

,
.
.
a caul d ron ; h en ce a hol low ; al so
Koot ; G Kutt ; p a s eeth in g po ol
Corbett—The C orbyn s an d th e Co r
.
.
,
.

Co p e— A form o f Copp with the

vowel len gt h en ed .
betts ( Corbeaux ) cam e ove r to
Copel an d Copl an d— En g belong . ,
Englan d with th e Conqu eror an d ,

ing to Cope lan d a fo rm o f Co p ,

l e ft some o f th e i r de scen dants
l an d beh i n d th em i n N orman dy ; th e
Co p em an — E n g
.

Cope 4 man ; , ,
n ame s o f Corbby C orbbi n an d ,

Teut m erch an t tradesman deal

.

, , ,
Corbett appea r in th e R o ll o f
352 S URN A M E B OO K .

Corn i sh — Celt E n g Corn i shman .

, , , G . Kose Gosi g ; D eh Coss a ; Fl
, , .
,
.

model e d a fte r Engl ish ; comp O . . Cos se ; p .

E C o rn w eal as Corn i shmen an d

.
, , , Cos s in gt on — loc S omers .
,
.

v u n de r Cornwal l
. . Costa — O l d N ors e kun st ; M o d ,
.

Cornwal l— Celt Eng belon ging .

, , Ge rm Kust a rt or science
.
, , ,

to Cornwal l th e lan d o f the Cor ,

Con st Cu st scientia ; E n g
, , ,

n i sh men ; A S ax C orn w eal u m .

-
.
,
Con st Cu st Cost ; F r Coste , ,
.
, ,

( dat among. the corn Costa C o stey ; ,M od Ge rm . .

,

wel sh ; O E nom p l w e al as Kost etc

Costel l o —From M ac O stel l o d e
. .
,
. .
, ,
.

s ing w eal ( h ) ; th e first el ement

, ,

i s Cel tic o f d ispute d o rigin ,

.
sc en d an t s o f H o sti l i o d e Angulo ,

The re h as p robably been c on f u settl e d in I re lan d ( tem p ) H en .

s ion w ith Cornwel l . I I o r G G ostel l e ; p ; E n g Cos .

,
.
,

Co rnwell — Lat corn i x c row 4 .

, , tel lo Costlow C ostal l ; F r Co s
, ,
.
,

t ill e Co stel etc ; s ee Costa

’

wel l ; crow s well .

, ,
. .

Corp Corpe — S can d raven ; O N

,
.
,
. . Cote C otes— loc f rom God Deu s
,
.
, ,

korp r ; Swe d ko r p ; comp O-

,
. .
F r Cotta Cote Coteau etc
.
, , , , .

Fr c o rb —
e
. l ,
mod c o rb— eau ; Lat ,
. .
, Cotham— loc Glos Yo rks .
,
.
, .

corv u s a raven ; S K o r p ; D
-
,
.
,
.
, Cottam Cottom — En g belonging ,
.
,

Korrup ; loc an d p ; K o rrth orp ; . to Cottam or dwel l e r at the cot ,

D eh C o rp er ; p .
,
. tages ; O E c otu m dat p 1 or . .
, ,
.
,

Corra d i — De rive d from Con rad cot ; Joh n de C otu m Hun d ,

.

w ith a Lati n en d in g . Roll s ; loc L an es N otts ; see .

, ,
.

Corry Cory — see Cu rri e ; N Ka rl

,
.
, Cote .

o r Ko ri ; S Car re ; D eh Kor .
,
.
, C ottel l Cottl e A F r th e French
, .
,
.
,

in g ; p ; Carl a S axon tenant in Cotel e ithe r the Fran ki sh cog

,

D B ; see Carr
. . . n ate or th e A S ax pe rson al .
-
.

C o rsar Corser— G
+
K o rsaw e ; p
,
.
,
.
, nam e Cot ( t ) a o r th e Lat Cotta ,
.

f rom O l d N o rse K o rtr ; O l d , th e F r Lat d im su f fix el ; .

-
. .
-

F rie s Kort Ku rt sh e rt ; H igh

, , , Roger Cotel H un d Rol l s ; John ,
.

Ge rm form K u rz Th e Latin
.
,
. d e C oth u l l e A D 1277 — Ki r .
. .
,
.

C u rt u s ; F r Cou rte may inte r by s Que st Comp C u ttel l ; F r

’

.
, . . .
,

m ix ; E n g C o rsar Cou rse r Coutel l e ; p

Cotterel l Cotte ril l Cotte ral l — From
. , , .

Courtie r ; Fr C orti er Cou rtie r , ,

.

, ,

Co rs i — A m an f rom th e l ittl e i s l C o ttl eh i l l ; loc F i fe ; a cottere l in .

,

an d o f Cors ica ; the place wh e re Dome sda y s ign ifies a sma l l cot
N apol eon wa s bo rn tage I n th e north o f Engl an d

“
.
.

Co sbe y F rom Cosb y ; loc L i n e s Cot as sume s the form o f Co ate

“
. .
, .

Cosgrave Cosg reev e C osg ri c Cos , , , Cot as a su f fix sometime s be

grove— Eng belong in g to Cos ” ”
'

.
.

'
come s cook j ust a s ap ricot ,

grove N ortham p ton Col ( e ) s

, becomes A p ri c ox H en r y Cot .

grove ; O E gra f a grove ; .

, , e rel Hun d Rol l s
,
. .

Cosele y S ta f f s l S Col ( e ) s l ea ; Cotton — E n g belonging to Cot

’

, . ,

Celt f or th e I ri sh Co sg rac h v ic
.
, , ( t ) on o r dwel le r at th e cottage s ;
,

tor 1ou s . O E c otu n fo r c o tu m dat pl

. .
, ,
. .

Cass e y— From Cos s y ; loc N or f ;

,

.
,
. o f cot Cotto n i n De rb ysh i re wa s
.

N Kau s i n i ckname ; D Ko c se ;
.
, , .
, call ed C otu m in Domesda y Book ;
 A L P H A B ET I CA L I N D E X . 353

an d Coton on e m il e N E o f ,
. . C ou rtsen — see Corser .

S ta f f ; loc Su f f .
,
. Cous in C o u si n s C o u z en s— see
. Coz ,

Couch Couch e Cou ch e r Couch

. . ,
en s ; f rom goz goth ; O l d Ge rm . . .

i 11 an — Couche r a ma k e r o f be ds ; with th e phonet ic end ing : O l d

'

the su rname Couch come s f rom G e rm C oz z u n i ; 8th cent run g . .

h ence ; A F r Lat u phol ste re r ,

.
,
.
, ,
G au ssen Cos son l C ou si n : F r , . .
.

ca rpet make r ; f rom -

couch Gos s in Gan sen Jozan Cossin , , , ,

en to s et a rran ge ; O Fr
.
,
. . Cou s in Cou z i n eau , .

couche r to place ; L at col locare ,

.
,
. Coute s Coutts . F o r 111 s
Joh n l e Coch e re H un d R ol l s ; . . C oot ( e ) s .

A . Fr
,
H un g coachman ; F r .
. ,
.
,
Coventr y— E n g belon ging to C ov ,

coch e ; H un g k osz i a coach . ent ry ; A —S ax C o f an t rc o th e . .

,
.
, ,

C on l ey— see Cowl ey . cove o r cave t ree ; O E co fan . .

. .

Coul son Cou l ston— loc Wi lt s ; s e e ,

.
,
gen i t an d pl u ral o f co fa 4 t reo ;
.

Col e s . l oc Warw .
,
.

Coult — see Col t Cove rda le— E n g bel ongin g to C ov

+
. .

Coulte r— s ee C o l t su f fi x e r -
. e rd al e ( Yo rks ) th e val ley o f th e
, ,

C o u l t ard C o u l tart Coulth a rd

. , . R ive r Cove r ; from Cu er dale ;
C o u l th art Co u l th e rd — D Cou l t ,
loc L an es.
, .

ha rdt ; F l Col eart ; Deh Col .

, . . Cove rl ey Cove rly— En g bel ongin g, .
,

la r d ; D B Cou ta ; p ; p robably . .
,
.
p robabl y to Co v el ey th e cove o r ,

f rom th e N K ol l ottah art a h art .

, , cave l ea ; O E Co fa 4 l eah . .
, .

w ithout horn s ; for C ol tard . Ba rtholomew d e Cove l e Hund ,

.

Cou lton — F rom Colton ; l o c L an c s .

,
. Rol l s F r C ov el i e rs ; p
. .

Coup Coupe— C0 0 p ( e ) o r Cop e ;

,
.

.
Covey— From C o f stren uo u s : O . .

s e e Cope .

H Ge rm Kop ; M od Germ
Cou rage — A F r
. .
. . . .

Lat a nick .
, .
,
.
,
Kop f : A —S ax C o f ; En g Cove y
name ; F r cou rage ; O F r c on ;
+
. .
. . .

Co v in gt on — En g b el on ging to
.
, . .
,

Lat cor h eart th e s u f fi x —age ;

.
.

Covin gton Lan a rk com p 1190

.
, ,

Lat — aticum ; f rom C u rri d g e ; , , .

.

V ill a C ol ban i C ol ban s estate : O ’

. ,

l oc B e rks , .

,
E tun ; Covin gt on Hun ts p rob
. .

Court— A F r Lat dwe lle r a t a

,
, .

.
, .
, .
,
abl y th e estate o f th e Cu fa fam
cou rt o r a fa rm stea d ; A F r .
,
.
, i l y : A S ax C u fi n g a tun
. in ga .
.
- -
.

eo rt cu rt ; F r
.

, cou r ; L Lat cu rt .
,
.

gen it pl u ral o f th e fi l s u f fix ing :

.
-

i s a fa rmstead : Lat cors cort i s

. .
,
-
.
tun estate . .

an en closu re ; B al dwin at te Cu rt .
—
Cow F r C h an ; p ; f rom O H
Pa rl Writs From Co rt Co rse
.
. .
. .

G aw i gou ; M G gau coun

. .
, ,
O

sho rt ; se e Corse r
.
. . . .
, .

d i str ict S im p l e fo rm s : O
.

t ry
C ou rte reas— see Corse r
, .
.

G .
.Gawo 8th cen t Gau Geu . .

Co u rtnay Cou r tn e y— From Cou rte

. .

, G ey ; En g Gow Gowa Co w ie
n ay ; loc F rance ; Wi ll iam d e
, , . .

.
, Goe Coe ; F r Gouay Coue Gu y
, . .
, . .

Cou rten ay ( tem p ) K Joh n : , . Go y ; E n g K ay K ey ; d im Eng ,

Rot O bl et Fin ; Cou rtn ey short

, .

. .
, Cowel l C oi sh ; F r G on el Go t . .
. . .

nosed Th e re i s a Cou rten a y in

.
l y G ou i l l on ; p hon etic en d in g O
. . .

th e Dept o f Loi ret an d anothe r .

G Gawin : 8th cent E n g Gow
. . .
.

in th e Dept o f I s e re . .
an ,Cowan ; Fr Goyon Gu yon ; .
 354 S UR N A M E B OO K .

patro n ym i c E n g Gowing Going Cowles Cowl s— A form o f Col es ; , , , ,

Cowing ; Com ps Ge rm Gawi s ee Col ls . .

,
.

be rt K au p e rt Goeman n Kau
,
Cowl e y— loc B ucks De rb ys M id , , .
, , ,

mann ; F r G oi bau l t Gu ybe rt d l esex O x f

.
,
S ta f fs The D uke , , , .
,
.

Gu yard Go ye r Gouman ; Eng

,
o f Wel l ington was not a Well es , ,

Gowa rd Cowa rd Gu yatt Gowe r

,
l ey but a Col l e y H i s gran d
, , , . .

Gu ye r Gowl an d C ow l an d Cow
,
fathe r R ich ard Coll e y as sumed , , , ,

man C ou rri d g e C o u raye

,
th e name o f a rel ative W esl ey ,
.
,

Cowan — Cel t dwelle r at a hol low ; but expan de d in Wel les le y A n

.
, .

abbrev o f M ac O w an or M ac
. othe r branch of th e famil y stil l
O wen ; u nvoice d form o f Gowan ; retain s th e nam e o f Col le y but ,

see C ow . alte re d into Cowl ey E n g dwel .

,

Coward — F l Couard ; F r Chou .

,
le r at th e c ow lea ; O E en 4 .
,
-
. .
,

a rd ; a Huguen ot n ickname ; Cow l eah a form o f Col e y ; Celt ab , .

,

h e rd a he rdsman o f th e cows ;
,
b rev o f M a c A u l ay M anx K ew .
, ,

hen ce Coward l ey Kel l e y K i l l eah.

dwel le r at , , ,

the cow l ea o r pastu re —

fi el d ; s ee
C o w bu rn — En g dwel le r at the
-

M ac A u l ay
.
,

—
cow bu rn i e a brook frequ ent .

C o w l i sh aw — A form o f Col l ishaw ;

. .
, ,

e d by kine ; O E en 4 bu rn e . .
, .

C o w d el l — see Cow loc Su f fol k Yorks

.
.
, , .

C ox Fl K oc k x ; Deh Koks
C o w d e roy
.
,
Cowde r y Cowd re y
.
, ,
,
K ok x p Cox i s o n e o f th e com
, ,

C o w d roy— F r Lat dwel le r at a

.

mone st o f n ames an d rep re sents

.
, .
,

hazel grove ; F r c ou d ai e ; Lat

-

Cocks th e s imple cock

.

be
,
ing o f .
,
,

coryl et —um co r yl u s a h azel —

,
tree

“
-

,
at l east fou r origin s ; apparently ,
.

I n N orm andy th e re a re a Cou d ra i

th es e n ames re fe r to th e boat
in the Dept o f S e in e —I n fer ieu re
cal l e d a Cog or Cock some
.

an d a Cou d ray i n th e Dept o f time s a cook .

,

Eu re , The re i s al so a Cou d ro y Coxe — see Cox

.

“
in th e Dept o f Loi ret From C o —C o o f u
.

Q Camb Joh n de
. .

y y y
C o w d ray ; loc Su s sex ; F r Cou
.
, .

Coye Pat R ive r Camb o r the

,
.
,
.

d eyre ; p
.
,
”
coy Wal te r 1c Coye Pat R
.

Cowel l — E n g dwell e r at th e cow

, . . .

—
Coyl e Cel t abbrev o f M ac Cath m
,

h il l ; O E en 4 h yl l o r th e cow
, .

. .
, h ao i l l son o f C ath maol battl e .

sl o p e o r corn er ; O E en
, ,

sl ave ; I r mac s on o f 4 gen it . .

, .
, , .

h eal ( h ) ; Ce lt abbrev o f M ac o f Cath maol ( th h ) cath war

.
,
.
z -

C ath mh ao i l
,
so n o f C ath maol battl e
, maol dwelle r at a wood ,

battl e —sl ave ; I r cath a battl e 4

, ,

Gael an d I r coil l .
, .
. .
, .

m aol a sl ave ; f rom th e I r i sh — see Cou sens ;

Cozen s Cozzen s
,

M ac C ath mh oi l ; p ,

f rom Couzon l oc France

.

; Fr
C owes — D ; . . .
,
K o ese ; D eh Koe s
.
,
Cous i n ; D eh C ou z i j n ; p .
, , .
, .

Coe s ; Fl C ou ez ; F r Cau x ; p — G K rappe ;

C rab C rabb Crabbe
. . .
,

Cowing— see Cow

. . .
,

D eh K rabb ; Fl .

C rab C rabbe ;
C o w l an d — En g dwel le r at the cow
.
. .
, ,

p C rabbe may be a fish name o r

, .

l an d ; O E cu 4 lan d ; l oc
.
it may have ori ginat e d f rom th e
.
, .
,

E d i n bg h .
c rabtree ; E n g a n ickname an d ,
356 S URN A M E B OO K .

C ranage— l oc Che s or f rom Cran .

,
. C rawh all — From Crakenhal l ; D B . .
,

w ich ; loc N orf .

,
. C rac el e ; l oc Yo rks or C roxal l .
,
.
, ,

C ran dal l — A cran e — meadow . D e rbysh an d S ta f f s . .

Cran k— E n g j oll y m err y ; M E Crawl e y— En g belongin g to Craw .

,

l ey th e c row — l ea ; O E c raw e a
.
, ,
.
,

c ran ( c ) k e ; comp D eh k ron k e . .

.
,
. .
, ,

l en to tu rn win d ; an d N orw ,
.
,
c row 4 l eah ; loc B uck s H ants .
, ,
.
,
,

krin g bri sk ; dwel le r at a nook or S u s se x .

C rawsh aw C raw sh ay — En g be
,

ben d ; M E c ran ( c ) k e a ben d ; . .

, ,
, .
,

c omp Dut kron kel a wi n d in g ; l onging to C rawsh aw th e crow ,

wood ; O E c raw e a crow 4

. .
, ,

l oc L an es ; D Kranke r C ren k
.
,
.
, ,
. .
, ,

se ( e ) ag a a wood ; loc L an es
er ; Pl C ran i n c k ; G K ran c k e °
,
.
, .

C ra y C ra yc roft— F rom Gray Rol l

,
.

,
.

p .
, ,

o f B attle Abbey ; E n g G regg

C ranme r— E n g bel on ging to Cran , ,

m er ( e ) th e c ran e —poo l ; O G
,
G re y G rew Cra y C rew ; th e O l d
, , ,

N o rseg rar gra y s ign ifies mal i g

,
. .

c ran 4 m ere ; loc Devon comp .

, ,

nu s ; and th e Ge rm to tu rn grey
. .
,

C ranmore Cam b C rame r or

Creame r a huckster h ence Cran
.
,
, ,
s ign i fie s al so to dete st an d to be
, ,
a f ra i d o f ; An g S ax greg ; O l d -

me r ,
. .

Frie s Gre ; O l d H i gh Ge rm
.

— , ,
.

C ranne y C ran n i e C rann y Cel t , , ,

graw .

dwel l er at a woo d ; Gael an d I r . .

,
Creag Creagh — Celt dwe ll e r at a .
, ,

c ran n ac h ; c rann a tr ee ,
.

rock or c rag ; Gael an d I r

C ran n i s— G K ran n i sc h Krentsch ;
,
. .

.
, , c reag Th e re doubtl es s ha s been
.

p ; see Cran e
. .
con fu s ion with Cre i g ( h ) creak , ,

C ran ston C ran ston e C ran stou n , ,

o r n ook ; see Creak .
bel ongin g to C ran ston o r C reage r— P robably f rom th e p rope r
'

Eng ,

C ran stou n C ran s e state ; th e ,

’
n ame Grego r .

gen it o f Cran a n ickname f rom

.
,
C reak — From Creake ; loc No rf ; .
,
.

th e c rane ; O E cran tun ; . .

,
or N Kraka ; n ickname a c row ;
.
, ,

loc E d i n bg h
.
,
. Com p Co rn c rake ; G K re k s ; S .
-
.
,
.
,

C rask C rask e— En g .
fat l u sty .
, ,
K raak K roka D K rack Krok ; ,
.
, ,

hearth ; M E c rask ( e ) ; comp . .

,
.
Fl . C rack ; D eh K r iek Cri ck ;
. .
, ’
,

C ras s ; G K ras ke ; p ; d im o f .
,
. .
D B C rac C roc ; p ; S axon ten
. .
. , .

D P l an d D eh C ra ss
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
ants o r th e Cel ti C rug C re eg e ;
, , ,

S c otl Craig
C raven C raven s — En g bel on ging .
, .

,
C reame r— P l C reme r Cr immer 5
.
, °

to C raven Yorks ; apparently a .

. .

G Kreme r ; D eh C rame r C re
,

plu ral form o f M E crave a . .

, ,
.
,
.
, ,

cl e ft ; comp F r creve an o pen mer ; p .

C rease C reese— E n g lov in g fon d ;

,
. .
,

in g c rever to spl it ; Lat c re

, ,
.
,
, , ,

pare to crack ; l oc Yorks ,

.
, .
L an e d ial ect wor d ; comp
. al so -
.

C rawfo rd C raw f u rd — En g be West D i al c ree z e squeam ish

.
.
,
.

N ote O E c reasme s p ri de ; N
.
, ,

longin g to C raw f ore th e c row ,

. .
. , .
,

fo rd i e a ford by a colony o f Gris ; F r C re i z ; p .

,
.

,
. .
,

c rows or rooks ; O E c raw e a . .

, ,
C reech C ree c h l ey— E n g bel on ging
. ,

crow ford ; l oc Dorse t .

, ,
to Creech a pal atal f orm o f .

Lanark L an es ,
. Creek .
 AL PH A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 357

C ree d — E n g the A S ax pe rs onal ,

.
-
. name wh ich reappea rs in th e
’
nam e C re ( o )d a pe rhaps o f post ,
Yorks h i re Pol l Tax a s C ru d d -
,

ch ri stian o rigin an d f rom O E ,

. . C ru d d e B ards ley sa ys C ru d d y
.
-

c reda the c re e d ; Lat c re do I

, .
, ,
i s fo r Cuthbert but the re i s no ,

bel ieve ; loc C o rn w .

, . ev iden ce to s upport th is v iew Fl . .
,

C reek— S cotc h E n g C r ich c reek , , ,

C ru sen C ru tz en ; D K ru se ; S
,
.
,
.
,

o r nook . C reu tz ; D eh C rou se ; G .

,
.
,

C ree r— From K r ieg ( wa r ) Comps . K rutsch ; p .

En g C reake r C rye r C ree r C reyk e — Fron1 C rayke ; loc Yo rks

C ri ck—En g or S can d belonging
. .
, , , , ,

G rie r G ree r ; M G K riege r ;

, . .
, . .
,

F r Kri e r G reh i e r etc

.
. , , . to Cric k o r dwel le r at a c reek ,
.

C re ighton C reyg h ton C ri chton . ,

cove o r n ook ; v C ree k ; loc
,
. .
,

En g an d S co t ; E n g belon gin g
.
,
No rthants ; se e C reak . .

to Cre ighton o r C r ichton the ,

C r ipps C rip s— M etath eti c forms o f
,

c reek o r n ook fa rm o r e state ; v

.
, . C ri sp ; G K r ip s ; p ; see C risp .
,
. .

un de r C reek an d 4 M , . C r i sel l — D eh K ressel o r Kristel ; p .

,
.

tun ; O E tu n ; loc S ta f f s . .
,
.
,
. C ri smon— P robably a contraction o f
C rell in — Man x ; p robably a meta Ch rist —man
th eti c form o f C ren n el l ; A — C ri sp C rispe Cr i sp i n—A Lat c u r
.

S ax . .
, , ,
.
-
.
,

gren green 4 wel l o r gl en

, , . l ey —h ea ded ; M E cri sp e ; O E . .
,
. .
,

C resey C re ss ey Cre ssy— F r be

, , .
,
c ris p ; Lat c risp u s Gi lbe rt l e .
,
-
.

l ongin g to C rec y or C re s sy C ri x ,
C rispe Hun d Rol l s From S t
,
. . .

’
si u s s e state ; Crec y an d C re ssy Cr i sp in ; N orman —F r loc M i lo . .

a re fa i rl y common F rench p lace C ri sp in a tenant in ch ie f i n D B

,
. .

names ; f rom Crecey loc N or ,

.
,
From th e A S ax Cr isp cu rle d .
-
.
, ,
.

m an d y o r Cre ss in g ; l oc E s sex
. .
,
. S impl e fo rm s : Eng Cr is p , ,

C re ss y i s on th e Rol l o f B attl e C ri pp s ; phone ti c en d in g E n g , ,

Abbey an d N orman C rasu s is a. C risp in C resp in ; F r C risp in

,
.
, ,

tenant in ch ie f in B D . . C re sp in C risp in a a daughter o f

.
.

C re s swel l C re swel l—En g belon g , ,

Rollo Duke o f N orman dy l 0th
, ,

in g to C res ( s ) wel l the c res s cent .

C ri st— D im o f Ch r i stian an d Ch ri s
,

sp rin g ; O E cre ss e 4 w i el l a ; . .
,
.

loc N orth bd S ta f f s
.
, .
. .
tO p h er .

C rew Crewe— A Celt belon gin g C ritchl ow— E n g dwel le r at th e ,

c ros s h il l o r c ross —tu mbu l u s ; v

. .
, .
,

t o C rewe Ch esh o r dwell e r at a -

.

, .
,

cattl e — pen o r cattle fol d ; D ial E - u n de r Cr itch l ey an d 4 M E ,

. .
,

l ow ; O E h l oew
. .
,

comp O Wel c reu c rau a pen

. . .
, , , ,
Th i s n ame
. .
, .

s ty h ut ; Gael an d I r c ro a
, . .
, ,
h as been con fu se d with C ritch l ey .

fol d pen etc A sh orten e d fo rm

.
,
.
Comp C ru tc h l ow ; loc Glos
. .
,
.

o f Ca rew ; A F r Lat rough .

, .
, .
, ,
Critten den Cr itten don — loc Kent ,
.
,
.

coa rs e h a rs h ; F r c ru ( e ) ; Lat
, .
, .
, C ro ad — A ve ry common stem i s
c ru d u s w e fin d th e Fren ch d im
-
. .
rod rot wh ich appea rs s ince th e
, ,

s u rnam e C ru et ; F r C rou x ; p ; 5th cent from O N orse h ro dh r

-
. .
,
,
.
, ,

l oc Ch es
.
, .
gl or y ; Goth ic H roth s S impl e .
,

C rew d son — En g C ru d d ( e ) s son fo rm s : rode ro o d rod d c road

’
. ,
, .
, , ,

C ru d i s a race A S ax pe rsonal , .
-
.
, c rotty c rowdy etc , . .
 “
358 S UR N A M E B OO K

“
.

”
Croad sd al e -
From C roi x d al ; loc .
, glory Th e a sp i rated h form s
.

”
Norman dy . c in a few En g n ames or th is .
,

C roche ron — see C rocke r . m i gh t be f rom an O l d N orse

Crocke r C r eeks — N K raka ; n ick
,
.
, n am e K ru mr wh ich seems to be ,
.

name ; S K ro k ; D Krogh ; G .
,
.
,
.
, f rom Dan K rum bent o r crook .
, ,

K ro ke r ; D eh Krook ; P l Crock .
,
.
,
ed ; Eng Room Rome Rum , , , ,

aert ; p C roc a tenant in ch ie f.

, , Rummy C rome Cromey Crum , , , .

an d Crac an d Croc S axon ten , ,

Crompton bel onging to
ants i n D B From Rock Ruck . .
, C rompton L an es th e crooke d , ,

( Stri de re ) O l d N ors e K roki , , fa rmstea d or manor hou se ; O E -

. .
,

p ride in solen ce M ake r o f com

,
. c rom ( b ) cru m ( b ) c rooke d 4 , ,

con ea rthenwa re c rocks Wyck . tun B run de Crumpton A D

.
, . .

l i f f e in M att xv : 7 u se d th e wo r d .
,
. 1246 7 Adam de C romton L an e
-
.
,
.

Hence C rocke r an d Croke r . A ss iz e —

Rol l s .

Crocket Crockett Crockette A , , ,

-
C romwel l —loc Notts Well a .
,
.
,

F r Teut c rooke d p erson ; th e sp rin g or sou rce ente rs into many

“
, ,
. .
,

Fr C roquet . dim o f croc a , .

, n am e comb in at ions h ence Crom ,

c rook ; O N krok r a c rook -

wel l th e crooked wel l
C ron C ron e— Fro mG rone green ;
““
. .
.
, , , ,

h ook ben d ; M E cro ( c ) ket a

,
. .
, , , ,
”
cu rl m ay as a n ickname al so
, , ,
O l d H Ge rm g ru on ; A S ax . .
, .
-
.
,
”
h ave given rise to th is su rnam e . groen gren ; E n g green ,
The , .

”
Th e palatal form Crocket i s n ow Ge rm kron ; E n g
.
,
c rown ,

the common e r in th e Par i s D i rce m igh t inte rm ix bu t doe s not seem ,

tory F l C roc k eart ; F r C ro

. .
, .
, to be the case as fa r as th e anc ient
qu et ; p . names a re conce rn ed ; E n g ,

Crockford— En g dwel le r at th e .
, C ron ey Crown ; F r Cron Cro , .
, ,

c rook —fo rd ; M E e rok ; com p . .

, . n eau ; Ge rm Kron .
, .

O N brok r a c rook ben d 4

. .
,
-
, ,
C ronan C ron in, Cel t b rown .
, ,

M E O E ford ; loc K i rc u d
. .
, . .
,
.
,
swa rthy ; I r Cronan c ron 4 th e .
, ,

bright . d im su f fix —
. an Th e for m C ron in .

C rockwel l — see Crocke r . i s d ue to th e gen itive O Cron ai n ’

.

Crocombe —From Crowcombe ; loc ~

.
,
C ron k — Var of Cran k ; G . .
,

Some rs K ran c k e ; p see C ran k e

C ro f f Cro ft C ro fts—l oc
. . .

Glos C ron n ey— see C ron e

C ron sh aw—From Cran shaws ; l oc
, , .
, .
,
.

H ere f Yorks ; or D eh K ro ft ;
.
, .
, .
,

p c ro ft a smal l enclosu re ; h en ce
.
,
B e rwic k .

the su rnames Cro ft Cro fton , C rook Crooke — loc

, Westmd ; .
, .

B an cro ft is a bean c ro f t h ayc ro f t , . C ru k i s th e an cesto r o f man y

one h edged about ; E n g dwel le r , C rooks ; so U l w ard gives u s Wi l
at a small fiel d or a smal l fa rm ; l ard ; A — S ax name s ; thes e c ome
O E cro ft ; see C ra ft
. .

. .
, .
to u s f rom th e Domesda y B ook .

C romar— O N Krom Kruam . .

, , ,
S can d belongin g to Crook or
.
, .

glor y ; or O N K ri eme bent o r . .

, ,
dwel le r at a n ook or ben d ; M E . .
,

c rooked . e rok ; O N kro k r . .

,
-
.

C rome y Croml e y— From rom ru m

, , ,
C roo k en d en From C rookdean
g lory ; O l d N orse Krom , K ru am , ,
l oc N orth bd
.
,
.
360 SUR N A M E B OO K .

the origin O f ou r Crowe : Unl ess Crox ford — A —S can d dwel l e r at . .

,
’ ’
it be C rowson wh i ch however i s , ,
C roc s or K rok s Ford v u n de r , .

not ce rtain as it may be an ex C rook ; O E ford

C royden C roydon —
.
, ,
. .

ten s ion o f a root c rose ; an d not En g belong

,
°

.
,

the patron ym ic o f Crowe E n g .

, in g to C ro ydon the A — S ax , . .

n ickname or s ign —n ame f rom th e C rog d en th e sa f f ron —val le y ; O

E crog c roh sa f f ron —
.
, , ,

c row ; M E c rowe ; c raw e ; O . .

,
. .
l denu a , ,
-
,

E c raw e Joh n C raw e H un d va l l e y ; loc S u rre y

‘

,
. . . . .
,

Rol l s . C roz ie r— Ge rm Gros s ( great ) ; .

,

C h o w d e r— D e h K roo d e ; p see .
, .
, compoun d s E n g Grose r ; F r , , .
,

Crowth er . G ross ie r Croz ie r etc , ,

.

Crowhu rst —En g belonging to .

, C ruce r Cru ice — see Cru se
, .

Crowhu rst o r dwel le r at th e C r u d e — G D eh K ru d g e ; p

, g .
, .
,
.

c row —wood ; O E c raw e a c row . .

, C ru dgin gt on — l oe S alop -
.
.

—
.

4 h yrs t a wood ; loc S u rrey

, .
, C ru ikshank— see Croo k

“
. .

Crowl e C row l e s— En g belonging C rum C rum p — From Rom Rum

“
. .
, . ,

to Crowle ; Wo r e L incs the ,

.
, ( glor y ) ; O l d N o rs e b rom , ,

sa f f ron l ea O E croh sa f f ron .

. .
, h ru am t h e a sp i ra t ed ,
”
h f o rm s
\W
”
leah . Th e orceste rsh i re c in a few En g names Crum . .

Crowle occu rs in A —S ax ch art . . might be f rom an O l d N orse n ame

er s as C rog l eah an d C roh l eah . K ru mr wh ich seems to be f rom ,

The Lin coln sh i re C rowl e ha s Dan K rum bent or c rooked

, , .

p robabl y th e sam e o rigin but th e , C rus e S D Kru se ; G Krusch ;

-
. .
, .
,

po ss i bi l it y O f the fi rst el ement in Dc h .K ru se ; Fl C ru ys ; p ; o r

, . .

the l atte r rep resentin g O E . .

f rom C ruw ys Mo rcha rd ; a loc .
,

c raw e a c row . mu st not be , Devon Fro m the O l d N o rse

.

ove rlooke d Comp a re Crowl e y . .

kru sa to cu rl ; N orth E n g word
.
, ,

Crowl ey— Eng belongin g to C row . c ruse o r c ro w se ; s impl e f orms ;

l ey o r dwel l e r at th e c row —lea ;
. Eng Cru se
, Cru so ; Germ , .
,

O E c raw e 4 l eah ; see C raw

. .
, K ru se ; Dan K ruse ; F r C ro u s .
,
.
,

l ev an d C rowl e . s e C ro u si e tc
, , .

Crown C ro w n e A F r —
, L at a .
-
.
, C ru so F r C reu seau ; Hu guenot .
,

s ign name ;
-
Fr co u ronn e a .
. .

crown wreath ; Lat . co ro n a ; .

, C rutten den — loc Kent .
, .

see Cron . Cru twel l —From C ru dwel l ; loc .

,

C ra w so n — S K ru h s ; D K ruse ;
. . .
.
Wilts .

D eh K roe se K ro i j s : G K rau se
.
. . .
, ,
—
C r yst F rom C ri st a d im O f Ch ri s ,
.

K rus ch e : F l C ro u sse C roze .

.
, , tian .

C ru se n s C ru tz en ; p . .

Cubbe rl e y Cubby — From C O f

C rowthe r— Crot h e rs Ol d
, ,

f rom . stre uou s ; A Sa x also i n the

n .
-
.
,

N o rse k o rd h r ( glor y ) ; Goth ic , f orm o f C u f a s B l eth c u f Win

h ro th s ; com p oun ds O l d Ge rm
, .

. .
, cu f : O H Germ Ko p ; Mod . . .
. .

R ot h e ri C roth e r R u d h e r ; E n g
. .
. Germ Kop f . S imp le f orm s :
. .

R u d de r Rutte r C rothe rs e tc ;
. ,
-
, .
Eng Co f f e y Cove y Copp Cob
. , , , ,

see Cro wde r .

Cu f f Cu f f y Cubb y etc ; Fr
, , , . .

Croxal l — see Crocks . CO f f a rd C o i f f ard C af f o rt etc

.
, , .
 AL PH A B ETI CA L I N D EX 36 1

Cu d d l e f o rd — Fro m C u tti f o rd ; loc .

, Cul ve r— see Cu ll
Cumbe rl an d—Cumbe r
.

Co rn w Cumbe r
stan da rd f rom the Anglo —
.
.
,

C u d d e11 — D Gu d e ; N , Gud e Gu d S axon

’

.
,
.
, ,

de ; Gu d den a fam il y name ; c u mbo r stan da rd or en s ign ;

p .
, , ,

P l Gutten ; p C u d h e n an d Gu d
.
,
. appea rs to be the name o f Cum
h en un de r tenants in D B -
. . b ra o f an A —S ax ch i e f A D
, . .
,
. .

Cu dd Cu ddl e — From God ( Deu s )

,

,
756 ( Rog Wen d ) A l so o f a . .

A —. Sax God ; O H Ge rm Goth . . . .

, , C u mbro in th e trad ition s C o rb
God Cot ; ,
Cu d d Cu d , ej e n ses ; he n ce may be ou r Cum

d y etc,
. h er an d C u mp e r ; th e nam e Cum
C u f f o rt h — see Cubberle y . be rbeac h C u mbe rp atc h an d Cum ,

Cull — G Kul l a ; p ; f rom the O ld

.
,
. be rbatc h are n o doubt va ri atio n s
N ors e gul l , wh ich gol d ) i s O f th e sam e wo rd .

somet ime s p refixe d to S can d C u n1be rbatc h From Combe rbach ;

“
-
.

n ame s as Gul l Th o ri r Gu l l Har -

,
-
loc C h e s ; s ee Cu mbe r
.
, .

C u mberl eg e— From
— ”
al d r Gol d I va r m ight be Gul l C u mbe rl o w
I va r o r ou r G ul l ive r S impl e . loc H erts ; see Cumber
.
,

Cumby— N Ku mb i n i c k n ame ;
.
,

fo rm s : En g Gul l Gu ll y ; M od , ,
. .
,

Ge rm Gu l l ; F r Gou l a y ; dim
.
,
.
,
. Fl .
, Combe ; F r Combet ; G .
, .
,

Eng Gul l ick ; G e rm Gu l ic k ;

,
. Kumbe rg ; p .

ph on eti c en d in g E n g Gul len , , ,

Cumm in g Cumm in gs — From th e ,

Cul len compoun ds B ert , , O l d Goth gunma ; A Sax Gum , .

-
.

( br ight ) ; E n g G u l l bert ( gol d ma ( a dven a ) En g Combe ‘

. , ,

b ri ght ) ; F r Goul ette ( 4—Fre d .

, Fr . Com e ; A —S ax
, C u mma . .
.

peace ) Gu l f e re d G u l f er ; E n g
, , , n ame O f a se rf Cod D ip 971 O , . . .

Gu l l i f o rd etc Gull ive r Domes ,

.
,
Ge rm Coman ; E n g Comm in ;
.
, ,

day B ook . Fr . C orn mu n

, Cumon ; En g .
-
.
,

Cul len — l o c B an ff s ; o r f rom the .

,
Cumm ing ; F r Cu men g e .
. .

I ri sh O C o i l l e an ; p c o i l ean a C ummock— see Cumm ing

'

,
. .
,

youn g wa rrio r ; s e e C u ll .
Cun d ick A n I r pe rsonal n am e
Cu ll e r — see Cu l l
. .

Cun dy—G Ku nd e ; p ; see Co n dy

Cu l ley— From
,
. .

l oc
.

Cou i l ette
Cunh a— I r p n
.
,

Fl an de rs C u i l l y in Rol l o f B attl e
. . .

Cunl i f fe — From Con c l i f f e ; o r Con

.

Abbe y H ugo de Cu i l l y in Rot ,

.

O bl e t Fin K Joh n ; s e e Cul l

. .
,
. .
l i f f ; loc L an es A dam de Cun .
, .

Cu l l i m r
o e Culmo re — From Cu l,
decl ive A D 1282 S can d fo r
, . . . .
,

lamore ; loc S ta ff s .
,
.
th e an c S can d pe rsona l name . .
.

Cul lin gwo rth — loc Yorks Gu n l ei f ; B attl e H e ritage -

.

Cunna rd — En g common A —S ax
. .
,

Cu l lo p— se e Cu ll .
.
, . .

C u l l p ec k Cu l l p i c k— F rom K il p eck ;
.
- Cyn c i ( e ) an d Ro yal brave ; Celt , .

l o c H e re f ; o r P l C al l ep ec k ; p
.
, . .
, .
Ki n na rd h ard brave , , .

Cullom — se e Cu l l . C u n n el l From Cun Chun ( race ) .

Cu l l ye r — F r Coul ie r ; p ; see Cu ll .
,
. . En g Connel l C u n n el l C u n l ey :
, . .

C u l n t e r— s ee Cu l l ; Cu l l i more . M od Ge rm : K uhn el ; Fr C on i l l
. .

Cul p in — F rom N K ol be i n n ; D B .
,
C on i l l eau etc . .

C unn i n g h an —l oc
. .

Col ben ; p . Cunn ingh am .

36 2 S URN A M E B OO K .

A v rsh i re Cunn ingh ame th e , , sho rt ; O N K o rtr ; H G Ku rz ; . .

,
. .
,

home O f th e k ing th e Latin c u rtu s ; F r Cou rte ;

Cunn ington —E n g dwel le r at th e
. .
,

, ph onet ic en d in g Cu rson Cou r , ,

ro yal manor ; p .
tena y Roll o f B attl e Abbe y .

Cu r Cu re — G Ku h r ; D Ku re ; p Cu rti s— D Cu rd ts ; D c h K oerd es ;
,

.
,
. .
, , .
,
.
,

Cu rd— G Ku rde p ; al so A —S ax
.
,
. . .
F r Cou rtoi s ; p ; cou rteou s pol
.
,
.
,

Cu r few Cu rl ew from R ichar d , i sh ed Will iam Le C u rte i s Hun d

.
,
.

C u rl u e foun d mo re rarel y as
, Rol l s Ri ch ard Le C u rtei s Close
.
,

K i rl e w .
Rol l s .

Cu rl — D Cu rj el ; S Correll ; D eh
.
,
.
,
.
. C u r tl e r — From C u rtl ey ; lo c N or .
,

K u rrel l ; p Teut ringl et o f h ai r . .

, , t h an t s ; or G Ge rt l e r ; p .
,
.

cu rl y he aded ; Ger Kroll e .

, . Cu sh ing Cu sh ion— VV i th Cook i s
,

Curle y Cu rl y — loc
, N o rm and y ; .
, conn ected John de la Cu syn
see Cu rl in g John d e Cu rl y in .

( C it y E ) po ss ibly
-
now rep re ,

Wa rwi cksh ire ; Rot O bl et Fi n . . .

, sente d by Cu sh ion Cu sh ing , ,

K Joh n From th e O l d E n g
. .
, wh ich n ame srun p arall el in N or
Crul l ; Dan K rol l e ; E n g Cu rl .
, , . folk .

Cu shm an — A make r o f cu ish or

’

S impl e fo rm s : Cu rl y Rol l o f ,

B attl e Abbe y D im E n g Croll . .

, ,
th igh a rmor ; En g trade n ame
-
. .

C ru l l y Cu rl l ,
. Cu sh y— A pal atal form o f Co sway .

Cu rl ing— N Karl K e rl ing ; G .

,
.
,
Cons tance— From Co u n tan c e ; l oc .
,

Kerl in g ; p n ; s ee Cu rl . . . N orman d y .

Cu rnoc k— From C arn oc k ; loc .

Fi f e ; E n g n icknam e o r s i gn
,
Cu sworth — E n g bel ongin g to Cu s ,
’
, ,
wo rth Yorks ; Cu sa s e state ,
. .

n am e f rom C rane . Cutch e r — G Ku tsche r ; Fl Cut .

,

Cu rnow— F r d u C ou rn au ; o r G .
, ,
saert ; p ; see Gu dge r Goodyear .
,

Kuhnow ; p ; th e co rnel —tree . Cutcl i f fe — E n g dwel le r at th e cut ,

grove . o r clove r cl i f f ; M E cutter ; of . .

,

Cu rran Cu rren s — Celt h e ro ch am

, .
, ,
S can d o rigin . .

p i on ; p . Cuthbe rt— loc B ed s ; D .

,
.

Cu rrell — see Cu rl .
b e rt ; p ; see G otobe d ; A S ax . .
-
.

Cu rrie Cu rry— loc E d i n bg h ; F r C u th be ( o ) rh t famou s bright ,

-
.

C u th e rs— see Cuthbert

. .
, , ,

bel ongin g to Cu rey N orman d y , .

.

I n th e M i ddl e Ages denote d farm Cutl e r— F l C ottel ee r ; p ; A F r .

,
. .
,
.
,

o r smal l e state . Lat . o ri g kn i fe ma k e r ; t rade

,
.
-

Cu rri e r A F r Lat l eath e r .

-
.
-
.
.
name G au f ri d de C u tel er in Rot
. .

d res se r or cou rie r m e ss en ge r, to

, ,
O bl et Fin K John
. .
,
. .

ru n ; trade name -
. Cutl ip — D im o f Cutcl i f fe . .

C u rsh am From Co rsh am loc .

, Cuttin g— From God ( Deu s ) ; p a
Wi lts .
t ron ymi c s O G God ing ; 8th ,
. .
,

Cu rson Cu rzon — Cu rson in Rol l O f

,
cent E n g God d in g Goodin g
.
, , , ,

B attl e Abbey De Cu reau in D .

Cuttin g etc ,
.

Cu yle r —F rom Col l ie r

.

B Cou rson a bran ch i n N orfol k

.
, cha rcoal ,

an d S u ff ol k ( Dom esda y B ook ) , bu rne r or sel l e r ; En g tra de ,

.

n ow Cu rzon From Cort Cors e .

, , n ame .
 36 4 S UR N A M E B OO K .

d im E n g Dal l as Tal li s s Tal

.
, , , D B Dain D ai n z ; p f rom Dan
. .
, , .

l ack ; Fr D al l o d D el e sse D el l ac ; .
, , duti ; O G Dano Tan do Den . .
, , ,

Fri es Ti al ma ; F r Talma ; pat ,

.
, d i Tanto ; 9th cent An g S ax
,
.
, .
-
.
,

ro n y mi c s E n g Dall ing Te ll in g , , , , Dau nt ( foun d p e rh ap s i n Daun

,

Teel ing ; M od Ge rm Dah l in g . .

, , te sbou rn Cod D ip Dan do ,
. .
,

etc . Dan d i Hun d Rol l s ; E n g Dan d

,
.
, ,

Dal len Dall in — see Dalla s ,

. Dan do Dan dy Den d y Da int y , , , ,

D al l i n g ar D al l i n g e r— N D el l i n g r ; ,
.
,
Daunt Tent Tant Tan d y
, , , ,

G Doll inge r ; D c h
.
,
D al l i n g s .
, ,
Dance Dan c y Tan sey ; F r Dan , , .
,

D al l al l i n g h au s ; p . dau Dant y Dentu

,
Tan d ou , ,
-
,

Da l r m l e— loc A rsh ire

y p .
, y . D an se Te n c e ; 1t Dante ; dim
,
'

.
, .

Dalto n — loc Dum frie s Devo n .

, , ,
E n g Te n d al l Tan sel l ; F r Dan
, ,
.
,

Du r La n cs Yorks . Dalton
,
.
,
. z el ; 1t Dan dol a ; E n g Dan de 1 .
, ,

d oe s not s ign i f y th e ( tun ) in th e yon ; Fr D en u l l e i n Ten al l i on ; I t .

,
.

dal e but th e ( tun ) div id e d i n two

. Dan duti .

by a brook . Dan e — N Dan r Dan i r ; S Dann ; .

, ,
.
,

Dam e Dam ico— se e Damm , . D Dehn De in ; G Den ia Deny ;

.
, ,
.
, ,

Damm Dams — D an d S D amm ; , . .

,
D B
. Dan e Den a ; p .
,
From ,
.

G Damm s Damme r Dam i s

.
, , , ,
Thegan Th ane ; S —S ax O H ,
. .
, . .

Dams ; D c h D am Damme rs ; .
, ,
G Degan S impl e forms : O G
.
,
. . .
,

Fl Dams ; .
,
A— Sax d aema . .
, ,
Th egan Th ah an Teg en o Degan , , , ,

dema ( a j udge ) ; h en ce th e 8th cent E n g Te g g i n Tha in .

, , ,

Deems te rs i u d g c s o f th e I sl e o f . Than e D ei g h en Degan Dan e ; , , ,

M an ; O l d Ge r Tammo Temmo .
, , ,
Fr Dagin D ag n eay Teigne
.
, , , ,

D imo D i emo Temo ; 8th cen t , , ,

Te ign y Tai n n e ; C ompoun ds F r , , .
,

Tymmo a Dane or N orthman in ,

Th en e d ay ( Ge r S pea r ) ; O G . . .
,

S axo E n g Damm Tame T imm ; . .

.
, ,
Th eg an g e r 9th cen t ; En g Dan , .
,

M od G Damm Demme
'

. .
, , ,
ge r ; F r De n ai g re Dengre etc ; .
, , ,
.

Th amm Temm D ieme Th i mm , , , ,

se e Dan .

Timm ; F r Dame Damm Dam .

, , Dan eo Dann enbe rg Dann e r Dan
, , ,

ay Dema y Dime
, D i mey Tam i , , , , f e rd ; see Dan .

etc .
Danga r Dan ge r— D Danke rt ; G
,
.
, .
,

Dam ron — see Damm .

Dan ge r ; p ; see Dan e . .

Dan Dan a Danna Dannah — Dan

, , , D an g erfi el d — F r Danv il l e ; p form .
, .

( Danes ) S imp l e form s : O .

. o f F r D An g e rv i l l e o f Ange r
.
,
’

Germ Dano Dann o Tan no .

, ,
-
, , vil l e o r An ge r s estate o f N or
’

Tenno ; 8th cent Dene Lib Vit ; .

, . . i n an d
y .

E n g Dane Dana Denn Denny .

, , , , Dan i el s D an i elson — F r p A H u
,
'

. .

Dean Tan Ten ; Mo d Ge rm

g u en o t n am e d Dan i e l A m i a r d a
, , . .
, -
,

Dann Dehn Tanne ; F r Dan , , .

, , F ren ch re fugee w a acco rde d th e s
,
Dann e Dan e y Tai n n e rector y o f Hol denb y an d was
Danb rook —
, , .

, .

From Danbu ry ; loc .

,
g iven a canon r y in Pete rborough
E s s ex ; see Dan .

Cathed ral ; s ee Dan .

Danb y— loc Yo rks ; s ee Dan .

, .
.

Dank— O H Ge rm D ank j an ; A
Dance Danc y Dan s ie— G Dance
. . .
, .

, , .
,
'

S ax th en c an ( to th ink ) o r dan
.
, ,

S Dann ; D Dan ; P l
.
, Dan s e .
, .
,
'

ken ; En g thank S impl e fo rms : .

 A L P HA B ET I CA L I N D E X . 36 5

O . G Danco Th en ka
.
,
Th an c o , , , En g Da rke Darke r . ,
D ark man ;
Te n c a ; 6 th cent En g Dank s Fr D arq u i er
Da rl e y—s e e Da rt
. , , .
, .

D ench Tank Ten ch ; Mod , ,

. .

Ge rm Dank D enk ; F r Tan c :

.
. , .
, . Da rl in g — En g f avorite ; I r p ,
.
,
.

compoun d s O G Tan c h ard ; 9t h . . . . Da rna l l — En g belon gin g to Da r ,

cent En g . Tankard ; M G ,
. .
, nal l Yo rks or Da rnhal l Che sh
,
.
,
i
,
.

Danke rt ; F r D n cou rt ; Eng .

,
a , h idden n ook o r co rne r .

Tan ke r Tan q u e ray Thackera y ; , ,

Darn e y Da rnl ey— En g belon ging
,
.
,

M G De n c k er ; En g Thack
. .
, . to D arn l ev or D earn l ev o r De r ,

wel l ; F r Dan q u i n D an c oi n e .
, , ,
’
na s l ea .

D an g ui s . Da rrin g ton — loc Yo rks .

, .

Dan son — D Dan ; S Dann ; P l .

,
.
,
.
,
D a rroch — From Da rragh ; loc th e . .

Da ri ne ; G Dan n ; p ; see Dan .

, . .
I sl e o f M an ; or dwell er at th e
o ak w o o-d
D anvers — De always p rece de d th e
.

name o f a pl ace wh en th e N o r Da rrow— I r p ; s ee Darwin .

, . .

man s cam e ; in ca se s whe re th e Da rt Darto n — From the root Da r

, . ,

pla c e name began w ith a vowel

-
a s forme d i n th e A — S ax D areth . .

Da rt ( J ac u l u m ) ; E n g
,

th e D e adhe r e d to i t so closely a s Da rt .

to d e f y be ing r i p p e d away an d S i m p l e form s : O G D are d u s . . . ,

,
' Ta r it ; Eng Da rd y Dart
thu s w e h av e Danve r s ( D A n
"

. , .

ver s ) D ev reu x Daubi g ny Da r Dea rth Ta rt Tarrat : F r Da rte .

,
.
, ,

Da rd D ard i e Tard Tard u Ta r

, , ,

cy D awn ey etc , , . .

d i e ; p hon eti c en d ing En g D a r

.
, ,

D arbey Darby— From D e rbb ; l oc ;

, ,

,
.

ton ; Fr Da r d enn e Da ri dan :

Dyrbye i s a l oc an d p i n Den
.

. .

co m pa re En g Da rte r Ta rte r ; , .

ma rk .

Fr D ard i er Taratre Tartte r

Da rc y— From d e A rd rec i D A rc i e
.
. , . ,
’

, , Tarta r y .

a ten an t i n ch i e f in D B Li nc s ; . .
, D artn al l — l oc .
,
Ch e s .
. f rom Da rn
A rcy in L el an d ; Da rcy f rom
, ,
h al l .

A rci in N o rman d y N orm an .

D arv al l D arv el l D arw al l — loc

D A rc i h el d th i rt y—th re e manors
’ . . .
,

A yrsh i re ; o r F r D artv i l l e ; .
. p .

i n L i ncol n f rom th e Conque ror

Da rwen Da rwin — loc Lan cs
( Dom es day ) Th e n ame rema in e d
.
, . .

a s D a rcy From th e B riti s h D arw en yd d .

( Derwent ) ; O N
.

D erg ui n t
Da rgan Da rge r— From Da r Dor
. .
.

d o err ( sp ea r ) Dor Da r S imp l e

.
, -
, ,
.

spea r ; com p ou n d s Do rbo n Da r , ,

f orm s : En g Dar r Da rrow , .

ri on Da rgan etc
g , . .

Doo r Dor ey Du rre Tar r Ta rr y

Da rke —F r-om A S ax d e orc
-
. . . , ,

D a rk ,
f
-
.
-
Terr y To rr y ; M G D ooe r ; F r
. . . . .
.

( d ark ) i n th e s e n se o f com , Da ry D arru ; Do r Dore Dor y

. . , ,

p lex i on H en ce M ai d o f O rlean s.
, D o reau Du rr Du re y Ta re Te r , , , .

kn o wn a s Joan D A rc but p ro p
’

. ray ; d im Eng Da rrell Da rl e y . . . ,

e rl y Joan D are ; d ark ( f u sc u s ) . Dorrel l Du rel l Tu r rell ; phone t ic

, .

S impl e form s : Eng Dark . ,

e nd in g Doran : Fr ,
Dori n .
, ,

Da rch ; F r Da rque Darc h e . , , , To ri n : comp a re En g To rbon : , .

De rch e ; d im E n g Da rki n Da r .
, ,
Fr .
. Tarabon : En g . D arri g an ,

gan ; F r D erq u e n n e ; compound s .

, , Da rgan , D arri e r . Te rrie r Do r ,
36 6 S UR N A M E B OO K .

man Du rman Dorme r Te r

, , ,
D aybel l ,
D ayl ey— s ee D ay , al so
nouth Darwin Fr D ar i e r D ack
D ayn es—s ee
,
.
, , .

D o rc h i es Doe rmer Tarn au d , , , Dan e .

Da rn et etc ,
. Dayton — see D ay al so Dack ; p rob ,

Da sh — F r D A ssc h e ; p Roge r de .
,
’
. abl y a weak fo rm o f Dalto n u n ,

A sc in Rot O bl e t Fin K . . .
,
. l es s a variat i on o f D e ighton .

John E n g n ickn am e f ro m the

.
, ,
Daz el y Daze y— se e D ay or Da d e
, ,
.

badge r . Dea— I r p .
, .

D ashwood— E n g dwel l er at th e ,
D e ac l e— From D iggl e ; loc Yorks .
, .

badge r woo d -
. Deacon— see Dick ; A Lat Ge r .
, .
, .
,

D attg e Dattg g e , D attk e D at w i el er se rvant

—From
.
, ,

G , Datto ; E n g Datt O Deadman — N P j oo mar ; D Dett

“
. .
, , .
,
.
,

dad f ath er ,
. me r ; D c h Dettm an ; G D i tt .
,
.
,

Dau ben y — N F r D A l bi n i ; p me r Di ttmann Ti edem an n ; D

’
-
.
,
.
,
. .
,

D A l bi n i in D B
’
B D o d eman D u d eman Du d
—
. . .
, ,
.

Dau n c ey F r belo n gin g to D anc y .

, m an a man who sol d coarse or
,

o r Dan ce N orm an d y D an tu s , ,
’
ol d clo th es the n ame rem ai n s
e state ; Daun tsey , Wi lt s E n g ; ,
a s Dodman an d Deadm an A .

s ee Dan ce . schoolma ste r n ame d Deadm an ,

D aven p ort — B elongin g to Daven f el l down th e Lyd ford Water

“
p ort Chesh gatewa y o f t h e rive r Fal l s 70 f eet at Stow for d
, ,
“ ,
.
, ,

D aven O rrn de D aven port A .

,
. Devon an d was not ki ll e d I t ,
.

D 1166 . I n Che sh i re th ere a re . was repo rte d that h e we n t down ‘

l ee s a s m an y as fl ees an d as , a de ad m an an d came up at th e ,
” ’
m any Daven p orts as do gs tal es . bottom a l ive man We al so g et .

Davey Dav y— F r Deve ; p ; A

,
.
,
. . Doo d f rom th e sam e sou rce .

F r —Heb .f o r Dav i d Wi l l iam .

, . Deakin — see Deaco n .

Davey Hun d Roll s R ichard

,
'
. . Deal — D eal o r Dol e a re u ltimately
Davi H u n d Rol l s ,
t
. . th e same wo rd me an in g bou nd ,

Dav i d— F r D D c b G p ; B i bl i .
, .
,
.
, .
,
. ary d ivi s i o n
, A l exan d re d e l a .

cal n ame ; Dav i d a u n de r ten ant ,

-
Del e Fin e Rol l s W ill iam de l a
, .

o f l an d at Dome sda y S u rve y . Dol e Hu n d Rol ls Dal e i s o ften

, . .

Il I h sometimes u se Dav i d to
‘
C
taken fo r Deal al so D owell , ,

repre sent th ei r Dath i an d D ia r Dowl D ew el l Du el l an d th e

, , ,

ma id . Kenti sh Dowel a m arsh , .

Davi d son Davie s Dav i so n

’
, , Deam e r— Dem pster a D e emster ; ,

D avi d s son ; p .
mem be r o f p arl iament i n th e I sl e
Dav i s — From D av id ; F r Devi s ; p .
, .
o f M an an d i n S cotlan d ; De em
Daw — D D an e ; F r D au ew es
.
, .
, , e r Deame r an d with th e i n tru
, ,

D ou w e s ; G Thou Doh se ; p .
, , .
s ive r D earmer .
,

Do re a S axon tenan t i n D B
, .

Dean De ane Den e —loc Hants

Daw son —From D av i d
, , .
,
.
,

Daw d son , .
Yo rks ; Den o r D ean ; A S ax -

D ay—N
,
. . .

D agr ; S Dau g ; G
.
, ,
.
,
Dene a woo d ed val ley o r p astu re
,

Dege ; Fl D ay Daye ; p ; s ee .
, , . f or cattl e H en ce th e fo rest o f .

Dack Thoma s l e Dey Parl

.
, . Dean A r den Rottingd ean Ten
,
-

, ,

Writs . t erd ean H azel de an Hawa rden , , ,

36 8 S URN A M E B OO K .

Deh l in— I r p Wate r at th e Wate r ; ten Henge ]

'

D eh mel —Probabl y th e s ame as D e

“
.
,
.
, ,

a t th e H i l l ; te r Wi nkel at the ,

m il l . shop . Th e Dutch p repos ition

D e Hoge — see Hoge . v an be fore f am il y nam e s an
De Hooge— see Hogg . sw ers to th e Fre nch
”
de o f an d , ,

Dei ghton— l oc Yo r k s d ike en u .

,
.
, , was in ea rl y time s s el dom borne
clo su re or f arm ; s ee Dan e . but by nobl es be ing p laced be ,

De i s— Goth de i s w is e ; p '
fo re the n ame s o f th e i r castl e s o r
De ity—Lat de it as a god
.
.
, ,

.
, ,
. estates I n l ater da ys however
.
, ,

De Jon g— see Joh n . wh en fam i l y n ame s cam e more

De K arv er— s ee Ca rver . ge ne ral l y into u se man y added to ,

De kker— se e Decke r the ir Ch r i stian n ame s the i r places

D e Kuype r—se e Cuppe r
.

. o f bi rth o r re s i dence wh i ch were

, ,

D e La M a r De La M are D el i more reta i ned as fam i ly n am es a s :

—
, , ,

Fr Lat M a re pool pond

.
,
.
, , , , va n Gent o f Ghent ; van B ern o f , _ ,

sea ; s ee D elm ar B e rn e van den Haag o f th e

H ague —Taken f rom Gen eal
.
, ,

De L amater— F r p .
,
.

og y a Jou rnal o f Ame rica n A n

De L an ater— D c h A co mmon p re .
,

c e st ry Vo lume s I an d I I ed ited
fi x to Dutch fam i ly n ame s i s the , ,

by Lyman Horace Weeks

wo rd de wh ich i s here gen
Delan d—A F r dwel le r at a lawn
.

e ral l y suppos ed t o m ean o f an d .

, .
, ,
,

to d eno te a French e xtraction .

glade o r glos sy pl ai n Wi l l iam .

d e l a Lande Hun d Rol l s

“
Th i s i s however inco rrect be , , ,
, . .

longing a s i t doe s to th e f orme r Delan ey De Loney D e Lon g

, ,

l an gu age Take th e art icl e th e

”
.
A f te r th e battl es o f Au gh rim an d
fo r ex ampl e ; i t app ears in the th e B o yne an d o ve rth row o f ,

Dutch a s d e Wi t the \V h i te ; de J am e s I I t h e I r i sh s urn ame s ,

,

B ru yn th e B rown ; d e Ko ck the we re man y o f th em m od ifie d by

, ,
, ,

C ook ; d e Jon g th e Young ; de the En gl i sh rej ectin g the p re

fixe s a s F e l i m O N ei l l to Fel ix
, ’

K loste r the S e x ton ; -de V rie s , ,

N ee l e O M arac h ai r to M a rkham
, , ’

the Fri si an ; d e \Vaal th e VV al ,

, ,

O B e i rn e into B yron O D u l ai n e
’
’

l oon
s etc an d i s s ynon ymo u s
,
.
,
,

w ith th e Engl i sh n am es Wh ite to Delan e y an d O D ow l i n d to Du ’

’
,
,

B rown Cook You n g etc I t i s La i ng I r p whole health y

. .
, .
, ,
-
.

D el an g i e— se e D el aney
.
, , ,

al so p refixe d in i ts d i f f e rent gen .

D el c omte— Fro m D e la Comt e

de rs an d cases a s t H oo f t ( h et , ,
’
,

H oo fd ) th e he ad J i n an d ‘ French .

De Lee— se e Lee
. .
,

Ve l d ( i n het Ve l d ) J in th e .

De Leeuw— see De lan e y

.
,

Fiel d ; F L de r K in de ren th at .

D el i n bac k— Germ
. .
,

i s F L o f th e Ch i l d ren ; van der

, . .
bach o f th e .
, ,

H egge o f th e Hedge ; van den ,

. br ook .

B e rg o f th e H i l l ; u it den B o o Delma r — From D el Dal ( il lustri ,

gaard ou t o r f ro m th e O rc h a rd ;
, o u s) co m p ou n d s : E n g Dalman , ,

equ ivalent to ou r Hea d Fi el d , , Talman Tal lman ; M G Dahl , . .

,
~

etc Te ten an d ter m ean in g at

.
, , , m ann Thalman n ; F r D el mon
, .
, ,

o r to a re al so o ften use d as :
, te D al l eman g e ,
Ta l l eman ; E ng ,
 ~
A L P H A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 36 9

Da l l imore De n nett— A doubl e d im o f Den i s ;

,
Del lamo re ; M G . .
, . .

Th al mei e r Ir p Thal hamm e r ; F r ,

Denn in g—In p ; E n g Dan e s son

.
, .
, .

D el amarre D el eme r D el i mi er
’

, , , ,
.
. .

Delm e r ; E n g Delm ar Tal le Den n i ngton — l oc N o r folk S u f , , .

, ,

m ach Talmage ; O G Tal amot ;, fol k Yor k s . .

, , .

8th cen t F r D el amotte D el

. Denn i ston Fro m .D en d eri sto n
, ,
'

motte D el amoth e ; O G Del

a
,
l oc S u f folk or Den ston S ta f fs . .
, .
, , ,
.

D el erac D el
'

ri c u s ; 9th cen t F r De nsl e y En g Den s l ea ; p . .

, ,
a

,
.

rocq Tal l eyran d ( ran d sh iel d )

, Den son — se e Denn i s , , .

D el ou ard D al i w ey ; E n g Dal D e n sy— I r

, p , .
, .

loway De mo n — loc Li nc s N or f L a nc s
Delto n—En g p
.
,
.
, ,
. . . .

N orth ants
.
, N o rth bd e tc
.
( 16 .
,
.
,
.
,

D el u c h e— s ee Luke pl aces ) ; O E th e val l ey farm

Denve r D e l i ve rs — Fro m de A nve rs
. . . .
,

Dema r F r D emeu r ; p .
, .
, ,

Deni e rs — Ge rm o f D em er or d e A ntwe rp French

Dem ick Dem ik D emk e see D i m
.
, .

—
,

— Denw ick En g p ,
.
,
.

m ick Damm ,
D epew— Du p uy conta in s what wa s
.

D e mi l l Th e m i l l once th e re gu l a r Fren ch name .

D emi tt— se e Damm m

f o r h i ll Th i s wo rd i s the or igin . .

D emml er— s e e M il l e r o f o u r Pew I n f act Dupu y . .

,

D e Montt D e M o tt F r Demotte ,
h as become Depew in Am e r ica .
,
.

e M ott D l d — O En dwell e r at th e '

p ; s e e p e g e g
De mp rey— I r p
. . .
,

d eep l ake
.
,
. .

De mp s e y— Cel t p rou d ; see D amm D e P r ie st— s ee P r i est

Den Den n—se e D an e o r D an D e rby—S can d belo ngin g to Der
. .
.
,

.
,
,
.

B al d ew i n d e L a Denn e H un d
'

by ; e ith e r D yr s e state or dee r ,

.
’

Ro ll s .
en closu re ; p
Deuel — G erm
.

f rom th e p rop e r
De rb ysh i re — Eng I r p
.
,

,
.
,
.

n am e Dan i el D erf er— I r p

.

D en e son — see Denn i s

. .
,

De rh am —Dee r enclosu re ; see Dur

.

D en h al te r— D enn or in n — keep e r h am .

— ‘
.

D enh a m loc B e d s S u fi ol k D em — Da rn .
,
Tarn ( da rk ) ; A , .

Den i s Denni s — D ane s D emn an

.
,

, S ax De rn e ; O H Ge rm Ta rn , , . . . . .
,

De nn is f ro m D enmark I n D eed s , j an d ark c omp lexi o n S impl e .

,
.

an d Hun d Rol l s we h ave so fo rms : De rn Ta rn i n E n g ; F r

.
, , ,
.
,

an d —so d e scribed as Le Danoi s Da rn e y D ern l ; d im En g D ar .

,
.
,

Ir p .
,Jo el l e D en eys Hun d
.
n el l Da rn l e y ; F r D a rn i s ; com -
, .
, .
,

Rol l s B rice l e Dan ei s Pa rl

.

p ou n d s F r T a rn a u d ; E n
g . .

, .
, .

\ e its : s ee D en ne y ; F r S t Ta rn e r .
,
.
-
.

D en i s .

D e Roch e—From F r D arc h e ; p ;

D enke r Denk e rs— A th inke r
. .
,

, fo rm o f A Sax d eorc da rk .
.
-
.
,
.
, .

Denl e y— En g bel on gin g to Den l ey De rr From Da i r an oak ; I r p ,

,
.
,
.

o r Dan l e y ; p De rr ick— F r De r yck D E ryc or .

’

Denm an —E n g Denn
.
, ,

man D H e ri c h e ; p ; D B , De rch A .
’
. . .
,
.

Denn e r — see Dinn e r t ribal n am e f rom Th eo d ri c ( Te r .

370 S UR N A M E B OO K .

ry, De r rick ,
D eth ri d g e ,
Derry ,
Devon po rt— From Davenp ort near ,

To d ri c k ) . Pl ymou th .

Derricott— I r p ; see De rr .
,
. . D ev e ral l D ev erel l — From D everil l ;
,

De sborou gh — loc N o rth ants .

,
. l oc
- \V i l t s a slope or n ook o f
De sch amp s— F r or De h o f the . .
,
th e r iver Dever .

fiel d .
D eve reau x Deve rau x Deve reu x .
,

D esmo n d — C el t Th is n ame i s d e — D E v reu x —i n Lel an d D ev

’

~
. ,

rive d f rom an ol d M u n ster l i t z . eroys Ri ch ard Coun t o f E v

.
.

S ou th M un ster ; I r deas sou th .

, , reu x an d A rch B i s h op o f Rouen
— .

H umban ; gen it o f M umha . , son o f R icha rd I o f N or ,

an o bscu re nam e . man d y an d h i s m i st re s s th e .

Despain De spagn e — From de

,
w a h e rwoman A rletta h ad th ree
s
, .

Spain .
s on s R i ch a rd Ralph an d ,

De spen se r Di spe nse r— Th e of fi ce r

. \V i l l i am Ri chard the el dest son .
, ,

i n charge o f th e v ictual s i n th e an d h i s son W i ll iam f ou gh t w ith

“
butter y : h en ce th e su rn am e Sp en th e Conquero r at Ha stin g s

“
R i cha rd di e d an d h i s s on \V i l l i am
'

ce r S p en se r :
. Adam th at wa s
” ” '

the S p en ce r ( Th e Coke s Tal e a pp ea r s i n Dom e sd a y a s hol d i ng

i n th e Cante rbu r y a great b aron y in Ham p sh i re .

O rigin o f Fam ily o f S pence r . B e rk sh i re an d Ox ford sh i re Th e .

Du ke o f M arlborough fou n d , n am e remai n s a s Deve reu x .

amon g th e N orman n ame s in D ev ereal d — see D ev eral l .

Dom e sda y B oo k . Deve y— F r D e V ey th e ford ; see ,

De St Ja r— F r n icknam e : D eh
. . . Davey .

taken f ro m a sai nt— Cathol ic Dev ill e — F r D E v i l l e : p D ev i l e

’

. .

De s se rt — From Ta s s ( ac erv u s) ; an d D o i v i l l e a re on th e Ro ll o f

A —
. S ax Ta s s ; com p oun d s Eng
.
. , ,
B attl e Abbe y De v l e i s i n the .

D asen t Da ssett De s se rt Tas

. . .
D B a val e o r to w n
. . .

man : F r D essan t D e sai n t Da s Dev in ham — I r p . . .

De Y orak— Dutch see De L amate r

, .

set Tassot Tasse rt Dass i e r

. . .
. .

M od Germ D e ssm an Te s sman De Vri e s— s ee De F rei z e

D e \V aal l De \Val De \Val l —see
.

. . .

etc . .

\Val l
D eten bec k Ge rm pl ace n am e ; .

D e w en be rg — n ame o f a h i ll
.

m an o f th e broo k .
.

D e w e sbu rv From De wsbu r y l oc

Deth le f s— S on o f D eth l e f ; p
-

,
.

Yor k s
.

D et h l o f f — P ro p e r C h ri stian nam e
.

D ew e y— From th e A — S ax dugan ;
.

D e th ri d g e— A va r i an o f Th eo d ri c ;
. .
,

O H G erm tugan ( v i rtuou s

. .
, ,
tribal name
.

go od ) o r A — Sax th eaw ; O H
Deul —
. . .
, . .

Swi s s : anoth e r w or d for Ge rm ( au ( moral s ) Dug Dow ’

, ,

Teu f el ( devil ) u se d in Sw itze r ( v i rtu e ) S im pl e f orm s : E n g.

,

l an d an d southe rn Ge rm an y : may Tu c k Tuke . Tu c k e y Du ck ,

, .

al so be derived f rom Del iu s .

Do k e Dock Duke Tow To e
D euton — Th e sam e a s Teu t on
. . . . ,

.
Dow Dowe y Dew D ewe y ; M od
.
, . .

Deven i sh — En g Devon ian ; Cel tic . Ge rm Dock Tu ck D ucke Dau . , , .

t ribal nam e . Dewe : Fr Toche Doch e Do c , , .

372 S URN A M E B OO K .

Th icket ; M od Germ D ickert ; . .

, Ti l l i ard ; A S ax of .
-
.
,
Ti l h ere B p ,
.

Fr D ieh a rd
.
,
D i g ard ; E ng , , Worceste r ; E n g Di l le r T il le r , , ,

D icke r D i gory D i c krn an D ig , , , Ti l l ie r Ti l l ott ; A S ax Ti lmann , .

-
.
, ,

m an D i tc h man ; M od ,
Ge rm ,
.
, Ti l eman ; Hund Rol l s D illman .
, ,

D i rman n . Ti l lman D i l l i mo re D i l n u t D il l , , ,

D icken s D i c k en sen , ,
D i c k erse n , wyn Ro be rt D ill e H u n d Rolls
.
, . .

Di cke y D i c k i n sen , , Di c k more, D i llenbeck Di ll ingh am— se e D i l l ,

.

D ickson ; s ee D ick Di llon — From th e I ri sh O Di l m ’

D i d ri c k son — S on
.

Di d ri c k sen ,
'
of ha in ; p ; Di l T il to d es troy .
, , .

Di ed ri ck or D i d ri c k .
‘
Phoneti c e n din g E n g D i llon ; , ,

D i dsbu r y— loc Lan c s ; 13th cent .

,
F r D i llon Til lon f a ith ful true ;
.
, , , ,

D i dsbyri Dyd ( d ) s s tron ghold

’

,
. see D i ll .

D i d w el l — loc or G D ittel D it .
,
.
, , D ilworth — loc L an es ; P l D ie l .
,
.
,

fi el d ; p , Te d w al d in D B . . . wart ; p .

D i eh l — Ge rm see D ietr ich D i mbl ey — Fro m Th imbl eby ; loc

m
p ;
D i etri ch —Fr i s
. . .
, .
,

D i eterl etl i k e r , Lancs .

i an pe rson al an d f am i l y name s . Di mdfial e \Dim sd ale — From D im s ,

Teuton ic d i th emi ti c nam es D iet . d al e ; loc Du r .

, .

ri c h p eop l e m ighty or powe r fu l

,
o . Dimm i ck D immock— From Dym ,

A S ax th eo d ; Lo w Ge rm D ect
.
-
.
,
.
, ock ; l o c Glost A S ax d ae ma .
, . .
-
.
, ,

pe opl e Com p oun d Eng To d .

, , d em a a j u d ge Hence th e
,
.

”
ri g Dod d ridge De de r ick ; M G
,
'

,
. .
, D empste rs j u dge s o f th e I sl e ,

D ede rich ; Goth s Dietrich etc , ,

. o f M an Dam ; j udgmen t D im . . . ,

Dieu — F r D ieu s impl e fo rm ; s ee .

,
. E n g D imm ick D i mmock Tam, , .

Dewe y . mage etc ; see Damm , . .

D igby— loc Lin c s ; S cand 13th .

,
.
,
D imo n d — D D e man d t ; Deh D ie .
, .
,

cent D i g eby . th e d ike —dwel

, ,
man Diam ant ; F Dem ant D ia
,
.
, ,

l i ng Th e oorresp on d i n g Engl i sh
. m ant ; P l Dem an ; p Al so d e .
,
.

na me is Di tton A S ax D i c tu n ,
.
-
. . r ive d f rom D imont i n N o rd .

D i g g en s— D Dige ; D c h D i k k en ; .
,
.
,
D imp l e —l oc D e rbysh ; Lan cs .
, . .

p ; see D ick
. .
D ing— N Den g i r ; C og n G D in g .
, . .
,

Di g g l es— E n g o r S can d bel on g .

,
e r ; Dc h D i n k k e D i n i k e D in ge r .
, , , ,

ing to Di ggle Yorks the dyke , ,

F l D engi s ; p O H G d i n g on ;
.
, . . . .
,
'

slop e o r corne r . O No rse tinga to del ibe rate ;

.
, ,

Di l l Di l l e D i llm an— O H G ti l
, , . . .
,
A— S ax gemot wa s a coun cil
. .
, ,

e n ; A S ax D i l g i an Dil Ti l to
.
-
.
, , , ,
both d el iberative an d j ud ici al .

de stroy S impl e form s : O G . . .

,
S impe fo rm s ; E n g D ing D ingy , , ,

D il l i Ti ll i Th ilo 8th cen t T il l i ;

, , , .
,
T inge y Th ink ; F r Ti n g ay, .
, .

Lib Vit Dil l Ti ll y Ti ll e ; Hun d

. .
, , , .
Dim E n g D i ngle D ingl ey T in
.
, , ,

gl e ; E n g T inkl in g Com '

Rol l s E n g D ill D il ley D il
, , , ,
,
.

l o w Ti ll T il l e y ; Mod Germ
, , . .
,
pou n ds En g T inke r Din g m an , , , ,

D il l Ti ll T i lo ; F r D i lly D il l e
, , .
,
D i n g w el l ; Mod Germ Di n ge r ; . .
,
, ,

Til ly Ti l le D im E n g B il l ick
,
. .
,
Fr .
, D i n g u el .

Di lke Ti l l i c k Ti l k e ; F r D i l h ac
, , .
, . D in gl e— E n g dwe ll e r at a ho l low ,

Com poun d s Eng D ilge r D il l i , , ,

o r del l ; S can d for Din wal l I r . ,
g
. .
,

ca r Ti l l eard ; M G D ill e rt ; F r
, . .
,
.
,
p D ingle i s a corru pted form o f
.
 A L P H A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 373

D in gin I r da i ngean a fortre s s

, .
,
. D ix ie D Dich ; F . D iko o r
, .
,

D in gle y— loc N orthan t s fallow .

,
.
,
Dyk o , fam i ly n am e D iken D im i .
,

lan d ; s ee D in g .
D i kj e ; D eh Di eke ; G D icke .
, .
, ,

D in gwa ll D ingman l oc
’

,
S c o tl ; -
.
,
. Di x ; p .

Di xon — D ick s son E n g I r p

’
S can d D i n g w el l the co unc il
.
, , .
-
. , .

fi e l d : see Din g . Doan e Dan e a va r o f D awn ; A -

, . .

Din h am l oc M on mth from .

,
. Ce lt p ; s ee Don .
,
. .

D in an i n N o rd h i ll hom e o r a ,
-
B obbie — N Dapi ; G Dabe r D ab .
, .
, ,

pi ece o f lan d in Dabi sc h Dober Dobers ; D c h

,

D inn e r—F r D i n eu r D ine r ; Fl

.
, , .
,

.
, ,
.
,
D o bbe n ; p ; fro m Goth D uba ; .
,

D i n ear ; p A — Sax d uva ; O H Ge rm ,

D i n n i c k —I r , p
. . . .
.
,
.

. . uba Dan tov e dove

, S impl e , , .

D i n n i s— see De n n i s . fo rm s : O G Dubi Tuba Tu pa . .

, , , ,

D in s dale— l o c Du r an d York
- 9th cent ; O Dan i sh To f fi Tobi ;
D in smor e —
. . .
,
. .
, , ,

From Di nmore ; l oc . , E ng Do ve Dov e y D obie Too

, , , ,

H ere f ; va r o f D onmo re
. . . v ey To bb ; M G Taube ; F r
, . .
, .
,

D i n w o o d Di nwood ie Du nwoo d ie
-
,
. D au be au D u v e au Do b be Do ub , ,
,

L oc . Dum f ri es 15th cen t Dun

, ,
.
,
ey Tou f y Tou v ee Dim
, En g , . .
, ,

w e d y Gae l ,
Dun a h i l l , , . Do be l Dobl in Dubbi ns ; F r , , .
,

Di p p le— l oc Devo n ; t ribal nam e .

,
D obel i n ; O l d Ge rm Tu bi n so .
, .

f rom Th eo dbeal d . Dobbi n D obb in s — D c h , D obben ; .

,

D i sbrow e— From De sborou gh ; loc G Dob in ; p Hu go Dob i n i n Rot

.
, .
.

O bl at Fi n K John ; s ee Dobbs
.
,

N o rthants
Dobbs— From Robert h en ce R o b
. .
. , . .

D i sto n — En g bel on ging to D i tton ; .

,
,

d ike or d i tch fa rm .
bin s Ro be rtson Robson Dobbs
, , , ,

D obs on etc
D i tc h fi el d—G D ick f el d ; p ; E n g
,

Dobm e ie r— Ge rm an a fa rme r
.

.
, ,
.

dwelle r at th e d i tc h fi el d Dobson— see Dobbs

, .

Dock—se e D ewe y
.

D i tmer D ittm an D ittmann D itt

, , , .

m e r D i ttmore D i ttn er D itty

, , , D oc k esta d o r D oc k stad en
-
D ocks
tade r—Germ f rom D oc k stad t ;
, ,

se e D i tt .

D i tt—From To th th in da ; A S ax
.
,

.
, .
-
. a l ocal ity .

t h eo d Low Ge rm Deot p eopl e .

, , .
Do ckray —From Doc kw ray ; loc
S impl e f o rm s : E n g Tu ita Tutt , , , Cu mb .

Tu tt y T ite T i d d T i dy Th o dy
.

Theed D ud d y Dutt Duth ie

, , , ,
D od Dod d D odd s—N Da d i ; D
, ,
-
.
, .
,

Do d t ; F D oode ; D B D o de ;
'

, , , ,

Deed Deed y Dyte D yett ; M od

.
, . .
,
, , . .

Pl Dod D od d ; p ; D od Tod
Ge rm Th i e d t Ti ede Ti ed t ; D itt
. ,
, .
, ,
,
Tot d ea r ; O H Ge rm Toto
.
. , , -

F r D i e tte D itte Dida

,
Com
. . .
,

Tota al so f rom Fri es ic d od a

.
, , , .

,
pou n d s E n g Ti dbal l ; F r Tu d , ,
, , ,
block h ead S impl e fo rm s : O
.
-

o r ; E n g Theodo re Tu dor T i d
. .

G D o d d o Dodo D od a wi f e o f
, .
,

dem an Ti dman D i etman Det

.
, , , ,
, , ,
th e Franki s h K in g Th eod ebert
man ; Goth Di etma r ; En g : , ,

Tod o Totta Top o Tuz i 6 th

.

Ti d e more D ittm e r etc

, , . ,

ce nt A S ax Do dda Du d d a
, .
,
-

D ive r D ive rs — F r D io v ore ; p

. . ,
,

, .
, .

B i sh op o f W inche ste r Totta

D i v ett— I r p
, ,

.
,
.
B i sh op o f Lei cester ; E n g Do dd , ,
374 S UR N A M E B OO K .

,
To d d y Todd To ttey Dutt Du d , , , , cha rter o f M anum i s s ion Cod , . ,

d y D ozy etc ,
D im E n g Tot ,
. .
,
D ip 98 1 o r pro bably A S ax
.
, .
-
.
,

tell D oz el l Du ddl e Du tc h i n
, , ,
. D oh l a wou n d ; thes e two m ight
,

Comp oun d s E n g Toz ie r Dod , , , be the s am e D c b G Doll ; p ; . .

,
.
,
.

m an To dman Totman Do try G Dol l en ; p

D ol l eymore— Fro m Del a me re ; loc
, , , , .
, .

D od drid ge D ottri d g e ,
'
.
-
.
,

Do d d e ri d g e loc Devon .
,
. D erbysh .

Dod d Do lme r— From Dalman ; E n g p

D od d in g—D B
. .
,

Dod in ; p Wi l . .
,
. Dolph in — F l Dolph in ; D c b Dol .
, .
,

l iam Dod in Wo rc temp K h ei n ; p D ol fi n a t e n an t i n ch ie f

'

. .
-
,
.
, .
,

Joh n ; se e Dodd . i n D B From D ol k v al n u s o r

. .
,

Dodd in g ton— loc Kent Li ncs .

,
.
,
. foe : O N D ol g r foe ; A S ax . .
, , .
-
.
,

N orth an ts No rth bd .
,
. Dol g Com po un d s : O N Dolg
. . .
,

Dodge— From Roge r Roge rso n , , fin n r ; E ng , D ol g h i n , To l c h er .

H odge Hodge s H odg son

, , , Dol so n — Dol s son ; En g p ’
.
,
.

Hod gki n s H ask i n g s Hoskin son , , , Dolton — see Dal ton .

H odgman Dodge P rod g er Dod , , , Do m e Doom — O H Ge rm Tuom

, . . .
, ,

so n Dud ge on etc -

, . Thuom Thum ; A ,

D od ron —
, .

s ee Dodd O E n g Doom j u dgme nt Tum

'

. . .
, , , ,

Do d son— D B D od esu n e ; p ; see . .

,
. m i a Dane in S axo D i u ma an
. .
,

Dodge . A —S ax B p o f M e rci a
. S impl e
D odwel l — l oc H ants Warw
. . .

.
,
.
, . fo rm s : E n g Tom ey Tomb , , ,

Dod swo rth Dodworth — loc Yorks ,

.
, . T humm Thum e To m Tomy
'

, , , ,

Doe— D Dau Dawe ; D eh Douw .

, ,
.
,
'

Ro ll o f B attl e Abbe y E n g , ,

p ; n
. ickn ame or s ign name f o r -
D u mme l ow Dumbel l Tommel l , , ,

Doe ; s ee Daw an d Dewe y . Toml in D u ml i n Dumpl in Tom , , ,

Do el l e— D im o f Doe kin Tomsey Tombs Co m

Do f f s —From Du f f u s E n g dwel l e r
. .
, , .

. . ,
po u n d s : Tomk i e s ; F r Dom ic ile .
, ,

by a do ve hou se Joh n del Du f f -

. Dou m et Th omet ; E n g Dum , ,

hu s Hun d Rol l s ,
. . m ert D u mm e r Toome r ; Mo d
‘
, , .

Doggett— From D ow g ate on e o f , Ge rm D oh meye r Du me ri t ; O .

,
, .

th e anc ien t gatewa ys o f Lon don N Doma r D- omh e ri ; F r Dom

:

.
, , .
,

see Dag g et an d Dewe y a r Dom e r D u mai re

D o mg aa rd —see D oom
.
, , .

Dolan— I r p ; Celt o f bl ack com .

,
. .
, .

pl ex i on o r h ai r ; see Dol l . Dom in a Do m in i e Dom i n y— G

. , .
,

Dolb y— see D alby . Dom in a ; p .

Dol de r Dol e r Dol lar B e l to D 6]

, , . Don Done Donn Donn e Donal d
, , , ,

la r
-
S cotl an d
,
ploughe d fi e l d ; ,
-
l o c Pe rth ; O N dun a thun
-
.
. . .
, ,

l oc Cl ackmannan ; p
.
, .
d er : A S a x dunn brown f rom .
-
.
, , ,

Dol eman Dol lman — D D oh l man n ;

,
.
, wh ich we get Thu nde r d ay -

p . Th u rs d a y S impl e form s : E n g .
,

Do l l Doll in — Th e se n am e s m ight Dunn D inn Donn D onn e y

, g , , , ,

be taken from O l d N o rse Dol l a Do n o Tu n Tu n n o Tu n n ay Ton

“
, , , , , ,
,

wo man It may be th e m ean i ng

’

. Tinn e y ; M G Don n Tonne . .

, ,
'

of th e nam e o f a f em al e se r f . F r Do nn e Don ay
.
, D im En g , . .
,
”
Hun a e t so ro r ill in s Dol o a , Dunn el l Donn el l Tu nn el l Tu n , , ,
376 SUR NA M E B O O K .

Doubt Toot Dows e ; Doubty P l D raec k e ; p ; f rom th e Goth ,

’

. .
, .
, , ,

Fr . D ou d eau
,
Doute y Tout , , , th rag j an ; A — S ax , th reg j an to . .
,

Tou tay Dous s e Tou z eau ,

D im ,
. . run ; o r I ri sh t rai g , foot S imple .

Eng Dowdl e Toodl e Tootal l

. , , , form s : G Trago ; 8th cent O . .
,
.

Tooth ake r D ow d i k en ; Patro ,

E n g D rage D rake D ra y Tray ;
, , , ,

n mi c s E ng Dowdin g Dow M G D re y ; D re ac q D rach

y , , , . .
, , ,

si ng ; phonetic en d in g En g , , D reg e D reo ; d im E n g ,

Trai l ; '
.
,

Dowden D ou d n ey Dowson ; F r , ,
.
, Fr .F rec ol l e
,
Phon etic en d .

D o u d an Dous san Toutan Tou , , , ings Eng . D ragan Dra in , , ,

z in ; E n g be l ongin g to Dowden . , T ra in ; co mpo un d s G, , O . .

Dove Vall ev . Trag an ta l i f e an d sp i rit ; F r ,

.
,

Do w ell Dowdle — se e Dowd

,
.
Tre g o n t Treh ard T rage r Tray
.
, , ,

Dowle y —From Do w l ai s ; l oc S o .
,
.
e r D re yfu s Tre i f ou s ; E n g Tra
, , ,

Wal e s h ar Trae r , D rage N ic name k

’

. .
,

Down Down s — A Celt dwel le r at .

-
.
, or s ign nam e f rom b i rd A dam .

l e D rak e — Cal In q P M
,

th e down o r h il l ; p .
. . . .

Downard D ow n wa rd From D rake ford — E n g p ; s e e Dr ake

'

.
, ,
.

Do w nhea d ; loc Some rset . Dra m — N D ra in ; D Tran e ; S .

,
.
,
.

Downe y— see Dow . Tran n a ; G T renn er ; p ; see .

,
.

Down ing— loc Wo rc .

,
.
Drake
D rane y— se e Dra in
.

D o w n t— From Downton th e h il l , , .

fa rm o r estate ; En g p
. ,
.
D ran sfi el d — Eng belonging to .
,

D owsett — F rom common F r Don .

, D ran fi el d De rby d rain —fi el d ; , ,

cet . Domes da y D ran e f el d ,

.

D ox en p o rt— En g p ; see Do x e y .
, . . D rape r— F r D rapier ; D eh D ra .
,
.
,

Doxe y En g belonging to Do x e y . . pe r ; p ; f rom the F ren ch d rap . .

S ta f f s In D 13th cent . .
, D rasc h e r— Ge rm for Th rashe r . .

D ok e sey D o c c i s I sl an d o r rive r Dra y D ra ye r — see D rake

’

, .
,

s i de l an d . D ra yton— l oc H e re f the dry bui lt .

,
.
,
-

D oy F l Fr Doy f rom D ouy farm stead

“
, ,
. . .
,

an d Doua i ; l oc . D rechsel — see D rew .

Do yl e— A form o f D o w al l Dougal Dredge — D c h D roge ; p ; a pal a

g” , .
,
.

with th e pal atal iz ed .

tal form o f D rage ; O E d redge . .
, ,

D raay e r— From D raye r Teu t ,

.
, m ixed corn .

D ra g g c r : n i ckn ame sl ow ted i , ,

Drew D rews — From D reu x ; loc
, .
,
ous .

N orman d y ; f ro m Goth d ru i g an ;
Drabbl e— E n g n ickn ame to be ,
.

,
A S ax d reo g an m il ita ri Sim
.
, -

s mear with mu d ,
. . .
,
.

pl e fo rm s : O G D rogo T rugo
D rage— see D rake
. .
, , ,

D ru g o T rogo ; 7th cent D rogo , .

,
:

D ra in — E n g dwel l e r at a d ra in ; , D B Eng T ro k e Trow Tru e

. .
, , ,

M E d ren e : f ro m O E d rah
,

.
_
. .
D rew ; M G D roge Tro ch e . .
, , ,

n ian to d rain ; Celt dwell er at

, .
, D ruce ; F r Truce Trou Drou .
, , , ,

a bl ackthorn : Gael d rai g h i on n ; , D ru c y Dim E n g D rew el l

. .
, ,

I r d raeg h ean
.
,
.
Trowel l ; F r Tr uel le D rou l i n .
,
.
, .

D rake— D Draege r D racke ; S .

, , . Pho n eti c en d i n g E n g D ru g g an , , ,

D ragh i Drake ; D c b D rage r ; ,

.
,
D ro wn ; F r D rugeon D ronen .
, , ,
 A L P HA B ETI CA L I N D EX . 377

D rou yn Compoun d s F r Tru .

, .
,
Tru p e l Trou p l i n Tro p l o n g , , .

be rt D rou ard D ru c q u er ; E n g
, , ,
Compoun d s F r T roupi e r Tru f , .
, ,

Drewe r y D ru ry Th o w e r True , , ,
fi er .

man ; M G D ru man ; s ee Druce , Drou gh t— G D rath ; p ; O H G

D re w re y D re w y—see D rew
.
. . .
, . . . .
,

, . Trut ; M G trau t ; L G d rud .

, . .
, ,

D rev D re ye r— see D rake d ea r bel o ved or Got h d rau h t ;

D ri fi el d—l oc Yorks
, ,
. .
,

O N d root p eopl e S impl e

D ri ggs—Probably O G
.
, . .
, .

. . , f ro m form s : O G D ru do T rudo . .
, , ,

D ri w a ; O . N .
, Tryg g o ; Eng ,
Tru to Tru n t Trut ; 8th cent , ,
.

Tr igg or D ri gg ; son o f Tr igg o r

. En g D rought D row d y Trood , , , ,

Drigg Trout T root ; M G D rud e

D ring—From Tri n g ; l oc He rts
, , ,
. .

.
,
. D ru te ; F r D ru de Tron de Tru . . , ,

D rin g l i ke so many o f th i s
,
tey Tro te T rotte
, Co mpou n d s , .
,

c las s ran ge s from th e po etic

,
Eng Tro tte r Trottman ; F r
, ,
.
,

mean in g o f w a rrior to th e pros e Trotti e r Trotrot etc Phonetic , , .

meani ng o f s e rvant ; al so Th r ing . end in g O G Tru ti n ; En g , . . , ,

The Yorksh i re n am e K ettl estri n g Trou ghton Trod den ; F r Tru , .

,

mean s th e d rin g o f th e kettl e .

. don Tru ti n , .

D rin k — En g n i ckname , .
D ro wn — se e Drew .

Drinkal l From Tri n k el d ; loc .

,
D ruce— From Goth d ri u san ; A .
, .

Lanc s ; o r D ri n g h ow Yorks ,
S ax d re osan impetu o u s S imp le
O n e o f th e name s f rom h abit
. .
, ,

form s : O G D rau so D roo z

\ V i l l i am D ri n kal e Pat
,
.
.
, ,
R an d , .
, .
,
D ru sa Tru o z i ; 6 th ce nt E n g .
, ,
Thoma s D ryn k h al e H un d R oll s ; , .

D ruce Truce Trows e T ru s s ; . , ,

h ence D ri n kh al l .

Fr Tro u sseau Tros s D roz

D rinkwa te r— E ng
.
, , , .

n icknam e f o r ,
D im E n g Tru s se ll ; F r Tr ou
. .
, , ,
teeto tal l er Joh n D rinkwate r .
,
sel Phonetic en d in g D ru su n
.
, ,

Hun d R ol l s Tru su n ; F r Trou sson

D ri scol l —Cel t f o r th e I r ish E i de r
. .

.
, .

D ru k—Ge rm m ean in g p r e ssu re

.
,

sc eal a com p oun d o f I r e i de r ,

,

p rin t ; p robably th e p r inte r

.
, ,

s en s e wi sdom sc eo l a story ta l e
,
,

n ews .
, , , ,
D ru cke r .

D ri s sel —see D r i scol l D rum D rumme r From A S ax

,
-
.
-
.
,

Drive r—D c b D ru yv e D ri j v e r ; p ;
.

.
, , .
trum fi rm stro ng cou ra geou s
, , , .

E n g D rive r D rover ; t rad ename

, ,
S im pl e form s : D rum D ru mmey , .

Tru mp y ;
.

Trump M Germ
D rol l i nge r — Ge rm The re IS a pl ace , .
. .

Traum Compou n d s E n g T rum

.
,

D roel l i n g en bu t it m ay be de
. .
,

bul l Tre mble Tu rnbul l ; A S ax

, '

r ived f rom D ri l l mei ste r the of fi

-
, , . .
,

Tru mh e re B i sho p o f M e rci a ;

,

ce r w h o d ri l ls th e sol d i e rs ,

Eng T r umpe r D rumme r ; F r

.

D ro uba y D rou by—Fro m O N

, , .
,

D ro me ry ; M G T rumme r
. . . .
.
,
d ri u p r ; M G t rube sorrow f ul
. .

D ru mi l e r— s ee D ru mm e r
. .
, , .

S im p le fo rm s : O G Tru bo ; M .
.
.

D rumm o n d loc Ros s S c otl

,

G T raeh Trube ; En g Trub y,

.
, .
,
. .

T roup D roop ; Fr, Traube . . ,

dwel le r at th e r idge .

Tro u pe au Trouve Tru f y D ru , , , D ru r y A F r Teut s w eethea rt .

-
.
-
.
, ,

bay Dru v eau

, D im Trouble , .
,
da rl in g o r a f rien d ; see D rew . .
378 S UR N A M E B OO K .

D ru s e D ru sh al
,
D D rews ; .
, G . . Du dman — E n g p ; D u d eman n ick .
,

D ru sc h e : D c h D ro s : D B . . . De name for S ca recrow .

Drenn e s p see Drew . . Du el — Dal e i s often spel le d Deal ;

Dry— F r D ra y e ; p : from Goth .
, . . . th e word i s st il l in u se in va rious
r i
t ggws ; O N Tri g g r ; A —S ax . .
, . . . form s al so Dowel ] Dow ] Duel ]
, . .

t reo w e : O H Ge rm d ri u : M . .
, . . an d th e K enti sh dowel a m arsh , .

G treu : En g Tri g g Try t ru e

.
, . , ,
. Du f f D u f fi n — N Du fan ; p : ada p t
, . .

S imple form s : O G D ri w a : O l d . e d f rom th e Gael ic in th e l 0th

N Try g g o Kin g o f N orwa y ; . cen t : Ir p : see Dove .
, . .

En g Trigg Tricke y T ree Tro y

,
, , , , Du f fi e l d — l o c D erby sh ; p robabl y . . .

Try D ry : F r , Tri ch e Tri au .

. , . dove fi el d -
.

Try D ri on
. Co m p oun d s Fr . , Du f f e y of da rk compl ex ion ;
Tri ebe rt Tru be rt Triqu et Tr i . . . f rom I r D u bh th ac h n ame o f .
, ,

co t Tri g e r D ri e r
. Tri c a rd D ru , . , g reat antiqu it y A po et to King .

au lt : E n g Tric k ett Drewett

'

, . , L a ag h ai re s A D 433 , . . .

Tri g g e r Tri c k e r Dr y e r . , . Du f ren n e— Celt bel on gin g to th e .

,

D ry be rg — A d ry fo rtified pl ace or
_

,
ba ron y o f Du ff e rin do wn th e , ,

mountain : E n g p Bl ac k Trith ing ; I r p

D r y s dal e—l oc Du m f ries : p ; or
. .
. .
,

.
,
. D ugan Duggin s— I r
.
p d ark .
,
.
, ,

th e d al e on th e R iv er D rv f e . bla ck .

Dubach — F rom F r D u boc Dugdal e— l oc Sta ff s .

Du gmo re — En g
.
.
, .
,

Dubbin s — see Dove .

dwel le r at the
D u bbl e d i c k From D ou bl e d v k es .
duc k mo o r : see Dewe y
-
.

Stoneh ou se Lana rk . .
Duke Th e Du k e o f Athol ] i s a
-

Dubei From F r Duboi s .

, .
Stu art Mu rra y A good man y
-
.

Duboi se D u B o i s— see Dove, .

nam es cam e f rom th e u ppe r
Duce— se e D rews .
ran k s o f soc iet y given to m en ,

w h ose ancestors n ev e r enj o y e d

Duck Duckett— D c l r Fl Duc : G
an y p l a c e so h i gh as that o f a
, ,

Duch : S Ducke : p : see Dewe y

t rade sman a s K in g Du k e Ear ]
.
. . .

Du c k worth — F rom D i k e w i d : loc

, , , ,
-
B aron Kn ight Squ i re Pope
-

, , , ,

Ca rd igan : or D D u c h k ard e r : p .
, .

B i sh op an d Par son \Vh en poo r .

Th e nam e a s an c ientl y w ritten peopl e wante d to be regi ste red

D y k e w ard e .

th e y woul d adopt an y name the y

Du d din g— F rom Du dden ; loc fanc ied : see Dewe y .

Che s .
D u k i n fi el d — F rom D u ki n fi el d ; loc .
,

D u d d l e y Dudle y — E n g belon gin g

, ,
Ch es .

) ul l e y — F rom th e Fr D U l l y ; H u
’
T
to D u l l e v 13th cent D u d d e l eg h
'
. .
,
‘

Du d d a s Lea
'
g uenot n am e .

D u may n e— F r p
.

D u d e n ey From D ieu donn e a Fr .

,
.

Dumbl eton — l oc Glost

.
, ,

g i ft from God : p or p lace n ame

.

.
,

in O i se .
T
Du mme r— see Dome .

Dudgeon — In th e n orth o f E n g ,
D u nba r — loc Ha dd ington sh i re : . .

‘
Dodgson i s f requentl y so p ro C el f
the fo rt o f the summ it
r
'
f .

n o u n c e d : see Dodgson and Dew Dun comb Dun combe D u n c o m . .

From Dun combe ; l oc Du r ; .

,
.
 380 S U RN A M E B OO K .

f rom o f Du st ( Will iam D u steyn

Ip M ).

Du stin Dustman Du ston— Du stin

,
.

, ,
Die ]
f rom Lat D e i c ol a
,

pa ron s a in t o f F ranche ODmte

t
the
” -
.
, ,
“
,
n ame o f a pe rson in Dom e sday wor sh iper o f God .

B ook hol d in g l an d .
D ybbe l l D yebal l — see Doubl e
Dutch e r— Teu t belon ging to H o l D v c e — loc
, .

.
, A be rd een o r Dc h ” , .
,
l an d ; Ge r Deu tsc h .
-

De i s D u 1j s ; Fl D u ys ; p ; f rom
, . ,

Du t h y— F r Du Th ai s ; p ; or f rom
.

.
,
.

Got h d e i s wi se o r ma ybe f rom

Got h th i u e d a ; A —
, ,

S ax th e o d ;
,
. .
, O N d i s ; A —S ax i d es woman
. .
, . .
, , ,
Low G erm deot peo p le S im .
, ,
.

godd es s S impl e form s : Di so

ple forms : O G Th eu d es k in g Di ss o D i sa ; 8th cen t E n g
.

,
. .
, ,
, .
, ,
o f th e We st Goth s ; 6 th cen t .
,
D yce Di ce y Di s s D i a s T yas
, , , ,

Ten to Tutto Th i e d o T ito Tyd i

. , , , , Ti so e ; M G Th i e s ; F r Diz e . .
,
,

.
,
Die do Di do Deot ; A S Du d da, ,
. .
, ,
Diz y Th i s Th is s e Dim E n g
,
,

Tu d d a : E n g Tu ita Tutt Tutt y

. .
,
, , , ,
Ty sac k ; F r Ti ssel i n Phonetic .
,

T ite Ti d d T i d y Th ee d Dutt
_ .

, , , , .

end ings En g D yson Dyson ; ,

D u th y De ed D ee d y D y te Dyett
, ,
, , , . .
F r D i z i an Ti son
.
, Compo und s
etc D im Eng Tuttl e Du dd l e , .
,
, ,
En g Ti z ard D i smore ; F r D i
. . .

Tu tc h i n g Ti tc h en ; F r Dou s , .
,

san d D i san t Ti s s ie r Ti ssai re

.
, ,
.

sa r ry Phon etic en d ings : E n g

,
, , ,
.
,

Th o d en Du din Te nten Com ,

D ych e s Dyc k e s— see Dyke r
.
,

p oun d s : O G Th eobal d : E n g
,

Dye— G
,

The i ; p ; o f D iana th e
. .
, ,

D i dbal d Theodo re Tu do r T i d
.
, .
,

I tal ian godd es s ; see Tye an d Dia

, , ,

d eman Ti dman D i etman Dett , , ,

m on d
m an De dman Dettm e r Th eo
.

D ye r — N
,
Dyri ; D
, ,

d ric Tod ri g Dod d rid ge Dott D yh r ; S .

, .
, .
,

Dy r ; D B
, , ,

ri dge De de rick D e d ri d g e : F r .
De rin g ; p cloth , .
, .

, , ,

Dietrich D i e ri c k s etc ; bel on g colo re r ; trad e nam e .

Dyet D y ett Dyot

.
, ,

i ng to Duth ie S cot ; see Dough .

, Deyae rt ; ,
,

ty
p se e D u th y
—
. .

Dyke r Th e m an wh o a tten ded to

.

Dutson — Co mmon A S ax p ; .
-
. .

D u d d s son ; se e D u th y
’
th e d yke s .

D ymac k— E n g belonging to D m
.

Dutton— l oc C he s . L an e s Oo .
, , . y ,

cu rs a s D u n ton e in D B . .
ock Gl ost 14th cent ; D i moe
, .
, . ,

Du xbu r y — E n g belo n gin g to Dux th e d im o r d a rk o r s h ad y oak , ,

Dyk man — D w el le r a t a d yke o r

.
,

bu r y Lanc s 13th cen t ; Doke s

, .
, . ,

bu r y D ok u sbu re etc ; p robably d yke make r d itc h e r

D v re—s ee D ye r
, .

, , .

D oec e s stron ghol d

’

Dyren g — s ee D i ring
.

D u z ett— From D ysan t ; Celt —Lat .

,

dwel le r at th e Wa ste o r H e rm —
Dyson D y e s son
’

; see D yc e an d
i tag e .
De nn i s .

Dwi g h t— Ten t for ea rl i e r De E ab y Ebbe Ebbi —From Goth i c

, ,

\V ytte o r D eV Vi tt ; D eh D e \Vit . .
, ab a aban A b Eb Ib m an ; O
.
, ,
, , .

th e wh ite on e ; see Thwai te .

G Abbo Abbi A bba A ppo

.

Dw y e r — Celt o f O D w yer ; I r p :
, ,
’

. . .
, ,

al so D w yre . Ipp o Ebba queen , , of th e S axon s ,

 A L P H A B ETI CA L I N D E X . 38]

A D 6 78 I bbe Ebb i ; E n g
. .
, , ,
E go Edge E ye H ed ge ; M G
, , , . .
,

Abbe Abbey Abba A pp H app y , , , , , Aeke Egge H acke ; F r H aeq