TYPES OF VARIABLES

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
 R E V IE W
N A N S W E R E D C O R R E C T LY ,
A B I G C I R C L E . I F T H E P E R S O
HOT SEAT : F O R M G A V E
R S O N C A N N O T A N S W E R O R
V E T O T H E R I G H T . I F T H E P E
A L L W I L L M O H E P E R S O N
W I L L C H A N G E A N Y S E AT S . T
N G A N S W E R A L L S T U D E N T S
A W R O E T O A N S W E R T H E
A N Y S E AT S W I L L B E T H E O N
WH O D O E S N ’ T H AV E
Q UE S T I O N S .
 QU E ST I O N # 1
W HAT I S Q U A N T I TA T I V E
RES E A R C H ?
 QU E ST I O N # 2
I S T H E P U R P O S E O F D O I N G
W HAT
U A N T I TAT I V E R E SE A R C H ?
AQ
 QU E ST I O N # 3
AT IS T H E D AT A G A T H E R IN G
WH
M E N T F O R A Q U A N T IT A T IV E
INST R U
RE S E A R C H ?
 QU E ST I O N # 4
O N E C H A R A C T E R IS T IC O F
GIVE
QU A N T ITA T IV E R E SE A R C H
 QU E ST I O N # 5
W H AT I S D E S C R I P T I V E
R E S E A R C H ?
 QU E ST I O N # 6
W H AT I S C O R R E L AT I O N A L
R E S E A R C H ?
 QU E ST I O N # 7
W H A T I S C A U S A L
C OM PA R AT I V E R E S E A R C H ?
 QU E ST I O N # 8
W H AT I S E X P E R I M E N TA L
R E S E A R C H ?
 QU E ST I O N # 9
WH A T A R E T H E 3 T Y P E S O F
E XP E R I M E N TA L R E S E A R C H ?
 E N Y O U R T O P I C , W H AT A R E
GIV
E D A T A / P R O F I L E T H A T Y O U
TH
T T O IN V E S T IG A T E / G A T H E R
W A N
M Y O U R R E S P O N D E N T S ?
FRO
 G IN G C HA R A C T E R IS T I C S .
THE Y A R E C HA N
H IE V E M E N T S , C O N F ID E N C E
E X . A G E , A C
W O R D “ VA R Y ” M E A N I N G T O
M A D E U P O F R O O T
HA V E D IF F E R E N T V A L U E S IN
U ND E R G O C H A N G E S . T H E Y
N T O T IM E A N D S IT U A T IO N .
RE L A T IO

W HAT A R E VA R I A B L E S ?
 i t y o r q u a l i t y t h a t v a r i e s .
n y t h i n g t h a t h a s a q u a n t
• A Va r i a b l e i s a
a s t w o o r m o r e m u t u a l l y
o a “ c h a r a c t e r i s t i c t h a t h
e a r c h , a v a r i a b l e r e f e r s t n d O t h e r , 1 9 8 8 ) .
• In r e s s o r p r o p e r t i e s ” ( S e v i l l a a
exclusive v a l u e
a n d v a l u e s c a n b e w o r d s
k e m o r e t h a n o n e v a l u e ,
i s s o m e t h i n g t h a t c a n t a s . ( B e r n a r d , 1 9 9 4 ) .
• A variabl e o r n um b e r
t e s o f a n i n d i v i d u a l o r a n
h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , o r a t t r i b u
l e s p e c i f i c a l l y r e f e r s t o c n g t h e p e o p l e o r
• A vari a b o b s e r v e d a n d v a r i e s a m o
t h a t c a n b e m e a s u r e d o r e l l , 2 0 0 2 ) .
or g a n i za t i o n i o n b e i n g s t u d i e d ( C r e s w
or g an i z a t
p e r s o n s o r t h i n g s . ( S u t e r
t i e s o r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f
b l e s a r e c h a n g i n g q u a l i r a c e r o s 2 0 1 6 , 2 9 ) .
• Va r i a 2 0 1 3 i n B a

W HAT A R E VA R I A B L E S ?
CHECK ALL WORDS IN THE LIST THAT CAN
OPERATE AS VARIABLES IN ANY RESEARCH
▪ WATER ▪ TEXTBOOKS
▪ SKILLS ▪ ECONOMIC STATUS
▪ DREAMS ▪ MENTAL PICTURES
▪ VOICE ▪ PHYSICAL EXERCISE
▪ HANDWRITING ▪ AGE
▪ CLASS SIZE ▪ SECTION
▪ ACADEMIC GRADES ▪ GHOST
▪ ASPIRATIONS ▪ COUNTRIES
 1 2 3 4 5

a b c d e

MATCH THE APPROPRIATE MEASURING TOOLS TO THE PICTURES BELOW.

IDENTIFY IF THE GIVEN ITEMS ARE CATEGORICAL OR
CONTINUOUS VARIABLES.
1. STUDENT ATTENDANCE
2.SALARY
3.CIVIL STATUS
4.SIBLINGS
5. JOB
6. CHILDREN
7.BLOOD TYPE
8. GENDER
 IDENTIFY IF THE GIVEN ITEMS ARE DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
VARIABLES.
1. NUMBER OF COINS FLIPS
2. APPROVAL RATING OF 75.4%
3. DISTANCE OF 5.54 KM
4. NUMBER OF BOOKS READ
5. 3 KILOMETER DISTANT WALKED
ORDINAL VARIABLES
•IS A MEASUREMENT SCALE THAT RANKS INDIVIDUALS IN
TERMS OF THE DEGREE TO WHICH THEY POSSESS A
CHARACTERISTIC.
• EXAMPLE: LEVEL OF ANXIETY
• 0=NOT ANXIOUS
• 1=LOW ANXIETY LEVEL
• 2=MODERATE ANXIETY LEVEL
• 3 = HIGH ANXIETY LEVEL
EXAMPLE OF RATIO VARIABLES WITH CLEAR
DEFINITION OF ZERO

1. AMOUNT OF DOSE
2.FLOW RATE
3.PULSE
4.HEART BEAT
 Independent variable

causes an effect

on the dependent variable.

 EXAMPLE:
How long you sleep (independent variable)
affects your
test score (dependent variable).
 EXAMPLE:
The amount of vitamins intake
(independent variable)
can impact your length of life span
(dependent variable).
 Independent and Dependent Variable Examples
1. In a study to determine whether how long a
student sleeps affects test scores, the
independent variable is the length of time
spent sleeping while the dependent variable is
the test score.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

VITAMINS INTAKE LIFE SPAN

INTERVENING VARIABLE

AGE
VICES
EXAMPLE OF RESEARCHES
LET’S PRACTICE!!!
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

•DIRECTIONS: NAME THE INDEPENDENT AND

DEPENDENT VARIABLE IN THE STUDY STATEMENT BELOW.
• STUDY EXAMINING IF TELEVISION VIOLENCE INCREASES
AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN.
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY EXAMINING IF TELEVISION VIOLENCE INCREASES

AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
television violence
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY EXAMINING IF TELEVISION VIOLENCE

INCREASES AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
television violence children’s aggression
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY PREDICTING THAT ALCOHOL DRINKING WILL

DECREASE PEOPLE’S REACTION TIME WHILE DRIVING.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY PREDICTING THAT ALCOHOL DRINKING WILL

DECREASE PEOPLE’S REACTION TIME WHILE DRIVING.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
alcohol drinking
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY PREDICTING THAT ALCOHOL DRINKING

WILL DECREASE PEOPLE’S REACTION TIME WHILE
DRIVING.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
alcohol drinking people’s reaction time while
driving
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY EXAMINING IF PERSPECTIVE

TAKING IMPROVES WITH AGE.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY EXAMINING IF PERSPECTIVE

TAKING IMPROVES WITH AGE.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
age
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY EXAMINING IF
PERSPECTIVE TAKING IMPROVES
WITH AGE.
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
age perspective taking
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY PREDICTING THAT HIGH

SCHOOL SPORTS BUILD CHARACTER.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY PREDICTING THAT HIGH

SCHOOL SPORTS BUILD CHARACTER.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
high school sports
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• STUDY PREDICTING THAT HIGH

SCHOOL SPORTS BUILD CHARACTER.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
high school sports character
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

•HOW DO CHANGES IN WORK SPACE

AFFECT EMPLOYEE REACTION?

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• HOW DO CHANGES IN WORK SPACE

AFFECT EMPLOYEE REACTION?

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
changes in work space
 ACTIVITY 1: VARIABLE SORTING

• HOW DO CHANGES IN WORK SPACE

AFFECT EMPLOYEE REACTION?

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
changes in work space employee reaction
GROUP WORK: FILL IN THE TABLE GIVEN. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF THE VARIABLES
THAT YOU USED IN YOUR RESEARCH. PRESENT YOUR TABLES IN FRONT.

ACCORDING
ACCORDING TO VALUE ACCORDING TO SCALE MEASUREMENT TO
RELATIONSHIP
CATEGORIC CONTINO
DISCRE NOMINA ORDINA INTERV RATIO INDEPEND DEPENDE
AL US ENT NT
TE L L AL VARIAB VARIABLE VARIABLE
VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB LE
LE LE LE LE LE LE
GROUP WORK: FILL IN THE TABLE GIVEN. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF THE VARIABLES
THAT YOU USED IN YOUR RESEARCH. PRESENT YOUR TABLES IN FRONT.
ACCORDING
ACCORDING TO ACCORDING TO SCALE TO
VALUE MEASUREMENT RELATIONSHI
P
CATEGORI CONTIN
DISCR NOMIN ORDIN INTERV RATIO INDEPEND DEPENDE
CAL ENT NT
OUSETE AL AL AL VARIAB VARIABLE VARIABLE
VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB VARIAB LE
LE LE LE LE LE LE
Vary in Numerical Not Non- Ranking/ Negative- There is Can Affected by
kind measurem decimal numeric scale positive absolute change independe
Ex. sex ents/ with forms Ex. points infinity zero another nt variable
decimals Ex. No. of Male/femal Ex. Likert ex. Ex. variable
Ex. height children e scale temperatur heartbeat
e
LOOK FOR THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FROM THE DIFFERENT
TOPICS/THESIS GIVEN TO YOU. PRESENT YOUR DISCOVERY IN FRONT
GROUP 1:
POLITICS: WHAT CORRUPT PRACTICES TRIGGER OFF ONE’S RESIGNATION?
GROUP 2:
21 CENTURY LITERATURE: WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF WATTPAD ON THE YOUTH’S VALUE SYSTEM?
ST

GROUP 3:
GENERAL MATHEMATICS: HOW DOES LOGICAL THINKING DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING?
GROUP 4:
SOCIAL SCIENCE: TO WHAT EXTENT DOES TEXTING DECREASE THE SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS?
 T I O N : W H Y D O W E N E E D T O
G U ID E Q U E S
V A R I A B L E S IN R E S E A R C H ?
IDE N T IF Y T H E
W H AT H AV E Y O U L E A R N E D ?
TRUE OR FALSE: TELL WHETHER THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE
BASED ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED ABOUT VARIABLES

1. DEPENDENT VARIABLES CAN AFFECT THE

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.
2. ALL KINDS OR VARIABLES ARE SIGNIFICANT
3. CATEGORICAL AND NOMINAL VARIABLES IS THE SAME.
4. VARIABLES CANNOT BE CHANGED.
5. RATIO VARIABLES HAVE AN ABSOLUTE ZERO VALUE.
QUIZ #1: IDENTIFY IF THE GIVEN ITEMS ARE NOMINAL,
ORDINAL, INTERVAL OR RATIO VARIABLES.

1. TEMPERATURE 6. SATISFACTION
2. ZIP CODE RATING
3. EDUCATIONAL LEVEL7. NAT SCORE
4. WEIGHT 8. SURVIVAL TIME
5. EYE COLOR 9. NATIONALITY
10. ACADEMIC LEVEL
IDENTIFY IF THE GIVEN ITEMS ARE NOMINAL, ORDINAL, INTERVAL OR
RATIO VARIABLES.
1. TEMPERATURE - I
6. SATISFACTION RATING
2. ZIP CODE - N
-0
3. EDUCATIONAL
7. NAT SCORE - I
LEVEL - 0
8. SURVIVAL TIME - R
4. WEIGHT - R
9. NATIONALITY - N
5. EYE COLOR - N
10. ACADEMIC LEVEL - O
REFERENCES:
BARACEROS, E. (2018) PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2. REX BOOK
STORE INC.
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