1

FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERPERFORMING

STUDENTS- BASIS FOR INTERVENTION PROGRAM

___________________________________________________________

An Action Research Presented to

The Graduate School Faculty
San Pedro College, Davao City

_____________________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

By

JAZENN JANE A. ADLAWAN

June 2020
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ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to identify the factors affecting the academic

performance of underperforming students. The selection of the respondents was done

through purposive sampling in which only those students who are on the list of

underperforming student every grading period, from grade seven to grade ten. The

respondents from the faculty were also the teachers of the underperforming students.

The result of the Focus Group Discussion revealed that they have frequent absences

because of their laziness, health problem, family problem, and excessive use of

gadgets. They are inattentive in class because they are having difficulty understanding

the lessons, and they failed to submit requirements on time because of procrastination.

Academic Support Program was made to address the factor that affects the academic

performance of underperforming students; this program aimed to help the student

improve their academic performance at school.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … i
ABSTRACT … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Review of Literature … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 6
Purpose of the Study … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 12

CHAPTER II METHOD
Research Design … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 13
Setting … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 13
Participants … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 14
Research Instrument … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 14
Procedures … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 14
Data Analysis … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 15
Ethical Consideration … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 15

CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS … … … … … … … … … … 16

Summary … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 31

CHAPTER IV PROPOSED INTERVENTION PROGRAM … … … … … … 34

REFERENCES … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 38

APPENDICES
Appendix A Letter of Permission to School Principal … … … … … … … … … 42
Appendix B Letter to the Students and Parents … … … … … … … … … … 43
Appendix C Transcription of Focus Group Discussion … … … … … … … … 45
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In schools, students gain knowledge, abilities, and values that will help them deal

with all the challenges they will be facing in the future. But in dealing with different

challenges in life, some students may be affected when they cannot perform well in all

the demands in school. With this, some students perform low in their academic because

they could not cope with the demands the school is asking from them (Veiga, 2016). Of

course, with this idea, there are a lot of factors that affect students’ ability to perform

well in school.

Though there are a lot of students who can easily manage their academic

performance, there are really students who cannot perform well. Many schools and

teachers deal with the issue of students performing low in their academic. There are

many causes that lead students to have poor academic performance in school and if

these will not be addressed well, great chances are, these students will continue to

perform poorly.

This issue is very relevant today as it tackles the importance of success in

schools. In our country, 98% of Filipino youth rated education as the very important

aspect in their lives. Filipinos perceive education as an instrument to become successful

in the future and to attain their goals, like helping their family. Being able to succeed in

education is very important. For these Filipino youths, education is important and

valued, but unfortunately, it is not manifested in their academic performance (Mullis,

2000). Reasons for this may be the factors from home, school, or teachers.
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Other educators might say that motivation is one crucial part in education. Being

motivated in academic can really help the students focus on their studies and as they

focus on their academic, it can also improve their academic performance. But focusing

on students’ motivation is not enough. There are students who are motivated but still

perform low in academics. That is why, students who are underperforming should be

given attention, so that their concern can be addressed and heard.

As this issue affects students and teachers, it also affects educational

institutions. Narad and Abdullah (2016), stated how students perform in their academic

determines the success or failure of an institution. It cannot be denied that there will

always be a student in an institution who experiences failures and difficulties in his or

her academics.

Without the students, schools and other institutions have no value. It is also given

that students’ success is the asset of any educational institutions. Just as it affects the

institution, it also affects the country. When students’ performance in school is good,

there is a big possibility that the academic institutions shall be able to produce

competitive graduates who will eventually become the nation’s leaders and manpower

leading to the economic and social development of the country (Mushtaq & Khan,2012).

Given the situation, the researcher deemed to conduct a study focusing on the

students’ performance. With this, the purpose of this research had been to find out the

factors affecting the academic performance of those who are on the list of the

underperforming students. Moreover, this study specifically intended to generate a

program that will help improve the performance of those students.

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In the school where this study was conducted, there were Junior High School

students from Grades 7 to 10 who were on the list of underperforming every grading

period based on the records in the High School Guidance Office. The students were

considered underperforming when they have a grade lower than 75 in every grading

period. The school has a population of 1,023 high school students and 8.3 % or 85

students belonged to the underperforming.

In the records of the Guidance office, it has been reported that these

underperforming students were inattentive during class hours, fail to pass requirements

on time, and have a frequent absences. With this, this research focuses on the

aforementioned factors affecting the performance of the students who are always

included in the list of underperforming students in every grading period.

Review of Related Literature

This section presents the researches and literatures related to this study. The

topics are organized in the following order of presentation: Academic performance,

underperforming students, and factors affecting students’ performance

Academic Performance

Education is important. It is part of the process to hone an individual in order to

acquire knowledge and skills to live a better life. The goal of educators is to develop

students’ intrapersonal and interpersonal growth in the aspect of personal, social and

most especially in academics.

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One of the challenges the educators and the parents face is on how to help their

students when it comes to their academic performance. There are students who have

really difficulty in school, especially those students who are struggling with their

personal or family problems. With all of these, students sometimes tend to

underperform in school and some of them may feel already as failure (Paskil, 2016).

That is why, educators are trying their best to really understand students’

academic performance. Academic performance is defined by Dullas (2010) as one of

one of the aspects of student’s success. Furthermore, it is also considered to be a

record or indication of students’ abilities, skills, strengths, and weaknesses. With the

performance of students, teachers get to record, evaluate, and check whether the

students need improvement and remediation.

Another definition of academic performance is given by Maganga (2016), who

stated that it refers to an achievement made by students in any tests or examinations.

Moreover, similar to Dullas’ (2010) definition, she added that this performance is being

assessed by teachers through specified grading system.

In a study conducted by Mushtaq & Khan (2012), they revealed that measuring

the performance of students is one of the challenges in the academe. It is challenging

because there are a lot of factors that affect students such as social, psychological,

economic, environmental and personal factors. These factors had greatly affected

students’ performance, but they added that it is not the same from person to person.

Furthermore, in Mushtaq & Khan (2012) study, they explored the important

factors that affected students’ academic performance. The respondents of their

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research were 155 students coming from different private colleges in Rawalpindi and

Islamabad. The result revealed that the factors affecting students’ performance include

communication, learning facilities, proper guidance, and family stress.

With the result of their study, they have recommended the following. First, the

school administration must improve the facilities of the school. In addition to that, the

environment of the whole campus must be conducive to learning in order for the

students to improve in their studies. Second, since the respondents were non-English

speakers and some of the lessons were in English, there must be a program

strengthening students’ skills and competence in speaking English. This should have

helped students be more attentive and participative in class. Lastly, it was

recommended that students must have proper guidance from parents and teachers in

order for them to perform well in school. Students must also be aware of the

competencies required of them (Mushtaq & Khan, 2012).

Underperforming Students

Underperforming students are the ones who find difficulty in understanding

certain subjects and need assistance to obtain a satisfactory result in their academic

performance. These students are said to be a large problem in schools and to

educators as they are challenged daily by students who don’t seem to be interested in

learning (Schwartz, 2018).

The issue of having underperforming students in schools has been a problem

around the world. Based on OECD’s (2016) report, more than one in four 15 years old
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students in different countries have failed to attain baseline level of proficiency in the

following subjects: reading, mathematics, and science. This result is from Programme

for International Student Assessment (PISA) test in 2012. The data would reveal that In

thirteen million 15-year-old students have low academic performance in the

aforementioned subjects.

OECD (2016) also stated that students’ underperformance in academics could

lead to more serious consequences. Low academic performance may lead to

demotivation and drop out. When students continue to receive remarks due to low

academic performance, they tend to have low self-esteem which will affect their

academic life.

Here in the Philippines, the performance of students regarding PISA test results

is also very controversial. In a report written by Reysio-Cruz (2019) from Inquirer.net,

Filipinos had ranked poorly, if not worst, among 79 countries who had participated in the

said test. The country had fared worst in terms of reading and unfortunately, ranked

second to the last in terms of mathematics and science. In response, the Department of

Education said that there is really an urge to address issues relating to the quality of

basic education here in the Philippines.

It is quite true that there are ways to improve students’ performance in schools.

According to Hai Yong (2017), education is fair to all but, the process of educating and

transmitting knowledge is not fairly practiced, especially on students who are slow

learners and difficult to discipline. Good teaching strategies are useful in order for these

struggling students to keep working and succeed in their academic performance.

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Factors affecting Students’ Academic Performance

The academic performance of students is affected by a lot of factors. One factor

that affects performance is inattentiveness of students. Last January 2016, the Statistics

Brain Research Institute reported that the average human attention span in 2015 was

8.25 seconds. For instructors who have to grab and keep their students’ attention for

120 minutes, it is not good news.

A lot of students have low attention span resulting to lack of interest in listening to

the discussion of teachers. With this, when the teacher gives test, students tend to have

low ratings because they were not able to understand the lesson well.

On the other hand, the study of Orendain (2017) showed that over and

improper usage of gadgets is one reason why there are underperformers. It has

negative impact on academic performance on most of children. There are many children

or students who become addicted with gadgets like mobile cellphone. Instead of valuing

the time in studying, they tend to waste it in using gadgets without worrying about their

studies.

Technology affects the life of the user and of every individual’s personal

health, family, social, financial, and academic life. Over using gadgets negatively affects

the mind of an individual. The individual loses focus and only concentrates on using

gadgets or technology. The person may tend to forget other aspect of life that is

important, concentration is reduced and the individual cannot focus on other issues for

long enough (Menorca, et. al, 2017).

It was also added by Murah (2015) who found that using a mobile phone and

other electronic gadgets for an extended time even affects students study habits. A lack
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of sleep or reduced study time as a result of mobile phone usage is not the only way

these devices affect performance at school.

These students are aware of what they want to avoid and might have been given

less supervision as to the limits of their actions, so they may have thought that

everything that they do is alright, until it gets migraine in their subconscious that they

are no longer thinking whether if it is wrong. What they know is that they are just doing it

(Madanes, 2015).

According to Maganga (2016), factors affecting students’ performance are

divided into two types: internal and external classroom factors. Internal classroom

factors refers to students’ English literacy, class schedules, class size, textbooks used,

test results, school facilities, campus environment, etc. on the other hand, externl

factors refer to students’ extracurricular activities, family problems, financial, social and

other problems.

With all of these factors mentioned, it is evident that educator must respond to

this issue as it affects the students, the school, and the nation. These issues must be

properly addressed for the sake of the improvement of students’ academic performance.
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Purpose of the Study

This study aims to identify the factors affecting the academic performance of the

underperforming students. Specifically, this research study seeks to address the

following questions:

1. What are the factors affecting the academic performance of underperforming

students?

2. Based on the results, what program can be developed to address the factors

affecting the academic performance of underperforming students?

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CHAPTER II

METHOD

This chapter presents the methods to be used in the study which include the

research design, the research locale, the respondents of the study, the sampling

technique, the research instrument, the data gathering procedures, the data analysis,

and the ethical considerations to be observed in the conduct of the study.

Research Design

With the aim to explore factors affecting the academic performance of

underperforming students, qualitative research design was chosen to be best suited for

this study. Crossman (2019) defined qualitative as a method that collects data and that

seeks to interpret meaning from the gathered data. It is also a method that aims to

obtain data through asking open-ended questions.

Setting

This study was conducted at Holy Cross of Mintal, Junior High School

Department, located at Purok 14 Yellowbell St.,Brgy. Mintal, Davao City. Holy Cross of

Mintal is a holistic community imbued with Christian values and diverse competencies

dynamically responsive to the needs of the society.

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Participants

Purposive sampling methodis a non-probability sampling method that is selected

based on characteristics of a population and the objects of the study (Foley, 2018).

This was also known as judgmental, selective, or objective sampling. The total

participants of this study were sixteen, eight underperforming students and eight

teachers. The respondents of the research were bonafide Grade 7 to Grade 10 high

school students, age 12-16 year old, male and female, of Holy Cross of Minta. These

underperforming students were always on the list of underperforming students from first

to third grading. The respondents from the faculty were the teachers of these

underperforming students.

Data Gathering

Focus group discussion was also used in collecting the data. Focus Group

Discussion (FGD) is a popular qualitative research method. It is a technique in data

gathering in which a selected set of respondents gather to discuss the concerns based

on the guide questions prepared by the researcher (Hayward, 2004).

Procedures

The researcher sent a letter to the Principal’s office and asked for an approval to

conduct a research about the factors affecting the academic performance of

underperforming students. After asking permission from the principal, the researcher

also asked permission from the parents and guardians of the students. In the Focus

Group Discussion, the researcher explained to the respondents the objectives of the

action research and built rapport to gain the trust of the respondents. Permission was
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sought from the respondents to record the discussion with assurance that the gathered

data was handled with confidentiality.

Data Analysis

Thematic Analysis was used to analyze the data gathered in the Focus Group

Discussion. Braun and Clarke (2006) defined thematic analysis as a method of

identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns within data. The data was closely

examined to identify common themes- topics, ideas, and patterns of meaning that come

up repeatedly.

Ethical Consideration
The researcher observed strict confidentiality of data gathered. The researcher

also abided with the existing intellectual ways and copyrights by citing the names of the

authors whose articleshad been used in this study. Finally, the researcher was honest

in dealing with the findings of the study.

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CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents theresult of the focus group discussion respondents’

answers on to the factors affecting their cademic performance and the responses of

their teachers on why they are one of the underperforming students.

Brief Background of the Respondents

The respondents of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were the bonafide Grade

7-10 students of Holy Cross of Mintal, age 12-16 years old. Two students in every grade

level and these students were on list of underperforming students every grading period.

The researcher also has respondents from the faculty and these were the subject

teachers of the underperforming students. Below are the grades of the underperforming

students from first grading to third grading.

Table 1 Failed grades of the underperforming students from first grading to third grading period.
Student 1st Grading 2nd Grading 3rd Grading
Subject Grade Subject Grade Subject Grade
1 Math 72 English 68 Math 70
Science 72
English 71
2 Math 71 Math 72 Math 70
3 Math 72 Science 70 Math 62
Science 72 Math 66 Science 72
Filipino 71
4 Math 71 Filipino 72 Science 71
Science 72 Math 71 Filipino 72
AP 70
5 English 72 English 71 English 72
Filipino 72
6 Math 67 English 70 English 65
7 Math 71 English 70 Math 72
English 72
8 English 70 English 70 Math 71
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Table 2. Summary result of the discussion, extracted themes coming from the respondents’
identical responses
Result of the Focus Group Discussion
Failed to hand in
Frequent Absences Inattentive in class
requirements on time
Laziness
Health problem Difficulty understanding the
Procrastination
Family Problem lesson
Excessive use of Gadget

FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

UNDERPERFORMING STUDENTS

Absences

Attendance of student at school is a vital factor in student’s academic success

and excessive absenteeism leads to poor academic performance since students does

not receive enough information about the lessons being taught inside the classroom

(Walters, 2019). Below are the reasons for the absences of the underperforming

students.

Laziness.Underperforming students expressed their reason about their frequent

absences and they expressed;

“Walay gana miss ba. Di ko ganahan mu skwela usahay miss, kapoyan ko mu mata ug
sayo miss.Usahay maka absent jud ko. Pag naa lang ko sa balay miss naga tulog ra
ko… Kapoy mu mata sayo kay pagka gabie dugay naga tulog sige ug dula sa
cellphone(I do not like going to school because it is tiring for me to wake up early in the
morning, so I do skip classes sometimes. When I am just at home, I am just sleeping…
It is tiring to wake up early in the morning since every evening, I keep on playing mobile
games).”and

“kapoyan ko mag anhi dri sa skwelahan layo man gud ang amo miss kapoyan ko
magbayahe. Lami sad kaayo sa feeling na sige rag tulog miss, maganahan naman ko
ma tulog miss maong usahay miss dili nalang ko mu sulod jud(I’m just lazy and it is tiring
for me to go here since our house is far. I also like sleeping so much which sometimes
lead me to skip classes).
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These two of the underperforming students expressed that laziness or lack of

energy to go to school was their reason for their frequent absences. Student expressed

that it was tiring to wake up early in the morning everyday since at night, this student

keeps on playing mobile games. With this, underperforming student chose to be absent

sometimes. These were supported by the response of their teachers. The teachers

expressed that;

“Common reasons why they have absences were due to their self-problem (laziness).
Sometimes student prefers to be absent rather than arriving to school late” and
“On what I remembered, these students was just not in the mood to go to school and
that it was tiring to wake up early in the morning.”

The responses of the teachers agreed with the respondes of the students since it

revealed that these students really lack interest in coming to school and that the student

prefers to stay at home and sleep all day.

Family Problem.The other underperforming students expressed that the reason

for their absences was because of family problem when they stated;

“Kay usahay miss walay budget miss. Nya kung wala mi enough budget miss, naga
away si mama ug papa miss, mawalan ako ng gana pumasok miss. Pero wala jud koy
gana mu sulod miss. (Sometimes there is no budget. When there is no enough budget,
my parents usually fight and I lost interest to go to school)”

Another student expressed that their reason for absences was to seek attention

from their parents who are away from them.

“Gusto na ko makita akong papa miss. Nia feeling nako miss dili kompleto akong
kinabuhi miss. Mao naga absent sad ko miss kay gusto nako na mapansin ko sa akong
mama, nag abroad man gud cya miss, unya kami lang duha sa akong ate dri. Feeling
nko miss na kung mu absent ko dili ko mu sulod, ma pansin na ko nila miss, para
malaman sad nila miss na gusto jud nko makita akong papa kay wala jud nako na kita
akong papa since birth. (I want to see my father because I feel incomplete. If I will meet
my father, I will really be serious in my studies. I also skip classes because I want the
attention of my mother who is working abroad; I am only left here with my sister who is
in college. I feel that if I will be absent for days, they will finally see me; so that they will
know that I really want to meet my father whom I never met since birth).”
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The responses of this student’s revealed that one of their reasons why they have

frequent absences were because of their family problem. Parents are having financial

problem or parents are not in good terms in which these can affect the student’s

performance at school. The responses of students were supported by their teacher

when their teachers expressed that;

“I asked the student through messenger about the absences and responded that family
problem…the student said that it is about the parents who had a financial problem.”
“Also I contacted the guardian about the performance of the student at school but the
guardian was not aware of the absences and informed me instead that parents of the
students are separted.”

These responses of the teachers agreed with the responses of the students

since it revealed that the family of the students has a problem and these results to

students’ absences. The teacher were aware of it and they follow-up the student and

the guardians.

Health Problem.Another two respondents expressed that their absences was

because of health problem, as they stated;

“Balik-balik kalintura unya tungod sa kalintura miss ipa check up man ko ni mama miss
kay nag balik-balik miss ba. Mao na miss, naka absent jud ko ug dugay miss tungod ato.
(I was absent for one week because I got sick at that time. My fever at that time was on
and off)” and
“Naka absent ko miss tungod sa akong skin asthma. Pa balik-balik siya. G adto man ko
ug doctor ato, sa asa to, sa SPMC, 3 ka adlaw nasa hospital miss, niya gipa rest day pa
jud ko sa doctor miss. (I have absences because of my skin asthma. At that time, it
keeps on coming back. I was admitted for three days and I was advice to rest by the
doctor).”
These responses of the students showed that their absences was because of

their health problem, the doctors adviced them to rest at home which resulted for them

to miss classes for days.The statements below were the statement of the teachers;
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“Some of the absences was really because of their illness, however even if they are
excused, it is hard for them to cope up with the lessons”
“Parents really informed me together with the POD with the case of the student, so it
was excused but student was not around for days which results for the student to miss
the quizzes/activities inside the class.”

The statement of the teachers agreed with the responses of the students since it

revealed that the health concerns of the students were one of the reasons of the

frequent absences. Students were excused with their absences because it was valid.

However, even if they were excused in the class it was difficult for them to catch up with

the lessons.

Excessive used of gadget. Lastly, there were also students who expressed that

their excessive use of gadgets (playing computer/online games) also influenced their

absences. These students stated;

“Naga dula ko ug computer miss, nia malingaw nalang ko miss. Mao usahay miss whole
day jud ko absent miss. (I enjoy playing computer games and I end up absent for the
whole day) and the other student stated;
“Naga dula ko ug mobile legends miss, pasagdan ra man ko nila kung di ko mu sulod
miss… taga buntag pukawon ko pero lami pa jud ma tulog mao dili na ko makasulod
sad…dugay ko maka tulog pag gabie sad kay tungod naga dula ko, dugay maka tulog.
(I am just playing Mobile Legends and they will just let me. In the morning, they wake
me up in the morning but I am still sleepy and I sleep late at night because I play mobile
games).”
The responses of these students revealed that these students really enjoy

playing mobile/computer games for hours to the point that they chose to skip classes. It

was also revealed that student sleeps late at night just to play mobile games which

resulted for the student to also wake up late in the morning. These statements of the

students were supported by their teachers;

“Students told me before that, the absences was because they slept late at night due to
excessive use of mobile phones.”
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“The guardian once told me that this student prefers to stay at home and would lie that
there’s no class. At home, the student keeps on playing on their computer. The student
would not listen to her and as what the guardian said, the student is very hard headed.”

The response of the teachers agreed with the responses of the students. These

students like to play mobile/computer games so much in which this result for the student

to wake up late in the morning for school. The guardian also revealed that the student

would not listen when reprimanded.

Inattentive during class hours

Hurley (2017) stated that, inattentive behavior insde the classroom can disrupt

the learning process of the students and this becomes a problem when the behavior

continues. Students focus is not on the lesson which results for the student to have

difficulty understading the lesson.

Difficulty understanding the lesson.The underperforming students were asked

on what are their reasons why they are inattentive in class. Common answer of the

respondents was because of; they are having difficulty understanding the lesson. They

stated;

“usahay pod miss, dili ko makasabot sa lesson, hindi ako madali maka intindi sa lesson
miss (Sometimes, I cannot understand the lesson).”
“dili nako kasabot sa lesson sa teacher miss, mag storyahanay nalang mi sa akong
katapad miss kay makig tabi man sad cya sa ako miss… maglisod nko ug sabot miss
kung maminaw ko balik kay na wala na akong focus.(Sometimes I cannot easily
understand the lesson. I end up talking with my seatmate. When I listen to the lessons
again, it was hard for me to understand the lesson since my focus was not in the
discussion).”
“Kung math subject, diili man ko kasabot miss, mao tulogan nalang nako. Usahay mag
dali-dali ug discuss ang teacher miss, unya, kanang maminaw ko at first pero kadugayan
dili na nako ma catch up ang mga gina ingun sa teacher miss, dili nalang ko maminaw
ana miss, ma tulog nalang.(When it is Math subject, I cannot understand the lesson,
 22

which is why sometimes I will just sleep. Some teachers discuss the lessons too fast
and I would try to listen but I really cannot catch up with the lesson).”
The statement of the students revealed that they were inattentive in class

because it was difficult for them to understandthe lessons of their teachers and as a

result, they talk with their seatmates and sleeps inside the classroom. These were

supported by their teachers and they stated;

“Has no focus on the lessons. When you explain it again and ask if they understand, you
cannot get any answers from them.”
“Based on my observation, students tend to pay more attention talking with their friends
and also because of short attention span… the student will not really understand since
their focus was not on the lesson”

“Students do not like my subject (Math). They were reluctant to learn it for they find it
difficult”
The responses of the teachers agreed with the responses of the students since

the statements of the teachers revealed that, the student’s attention was not on the

lessons taught infront of the class. One of the teacher also said that, the student cannot

understand the lesson because they were reluctant to learn it and it was difficult for the

students.

Failed to submit requirement on time

Lubega (2018) stated that, sometimes high school students likes the saying “Do

it now becomes do it next” and this happen when the students are distracted with the

things that are happening around them. Their focus is not anymore in the task but on

the other things that are not important.

Procrastination.The underperforming students were asked on what wastheir

reason why they failed to hand in requirements on time. The respondents expressed

that;
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“Taas man ang adlaw na g hatag miss para buhaton namo ang assignment miss o
usahay project , so mao to miss makalimut nalang ko ug buhat…mu buhat man sad ko
miss pero kanang 2 days before ipasa na… wala man sad ko kabalo unsaon (Project
was given a head of time. I forgot to make my projects and sometimes, I will make it but
two days before the submission… I do not know how make it)”
“Hatagan nako kwarta ni lola, dili dayon ko naga palit miss labi na miss kung dugay pa
ang dealine hangtod makalimot nalang jud ko ug buhat miss…dili man pod ko kabalo
unsaon pag buhat gud miss(My grandmother gives money to buy the materials I need. I
will not buy the materials ahead especially when the deadline is still far … also I do not
know how to make it).”

“Kapoyan ko mag himu ug mga project miss. Di ko ganahan mag himu kay usahay, dili
ko interasodo sa gina pa buhat… layo pa man sad ang deadline dili lang sa buhaton (It
is tiring to make projects, sometimes I do not want to make it because I am not interest
about it… and it is not yet the deadline so I will not make it).”

Based on the responses of the students, the common reason why they

failed to hand in requirements on time was because of procrastination. They

would not do the projects ahead of time because they were confident that the

deadline is still far and sometimes they are not interested about it or they do not

know how to make it. As a result of this, they will do make the projects the day

before the deadline. The teachers of these students also expressed that;

“Lack interest in the task and do procrastinate especially when the project was given
weeks before the deadline.”
“Most of the time they really love to procrastinate and they will ask for an extension.”
“Always ask for another date for deadline and reasons that there were many projects.”

The responses of the teachers agreed with the responses of the students. The

responses of the teachers revealed that when they give projects to the students, these

students procrastinate especially when the projects were given weeks before the

deadline and student lack interest in the task. When the student cannot make it to the

deadline, student asks again for another date of deadline.

 24

Factors affecting the academic performance of underperforming students

In the result of the Focus Group Discussion, the factors affecting the academic

performance of underperforming students are; frequent absences, inattentive in class,

and failed to hand in requirements on time. Underperforming students have frequent

absences because of laziness, family problem, health problem and excessive used of

gadget. Students were inattentive in class because they were having difficulty

understanding the lessons, and they failed to hand in requirements on time because of

procrastination.

Absences

Attendance of student at school is a vital factor in student’s academic success

and excessive absenteeism leads to poor academic performance since students does

not receive enough information about the lessons being taught inside the classroom

(Walters, 2019). Below are the reasons for the absences of the underperforming

students.

Lazziness.Results revealed that these underperforming students lack interest in

going to school and prefers to stay at home to sleep all day.It was also revealed that

student wake up late in the morning since at night this student keeps on playing mobile

games in which this lead to absences.

When students are lazy they usually miss their classes. This was supported by

Fanggolo (2017) when he said that lazy students normally do not attend classes and

sleep too much at home. There are some cases that these students remain in their

room watching movies and listening to music.

 25

Olivares (2015) also supported that lazzines can affect the students performance

at school when he stated that lazziness or the lack of interest is a grade-killer. When a

student is not interested to do the school works, students may have a low performance

at school in which this can lead to faling grades. He also added that laziness makes

school task a dread and prohibit the student’s true potential.

With this, it is clear that laziness is one of the reasons why some students do not

attend class and prefers to sleep at home, and when these students are lazy it can

affect their performance at school which can lead to failing grades.

Health Problem.Result revealed that health concern of the students were one

the reasons of the frequent absences. Students were excused with their absences

because it was valid. Even if the students were excused in the class, it was still hard for

the students to cope up with the lessons.

The health problem of the students can also be one of the reasons on students’

absences. This was supported by Clark (2015) when he said that, students health

issues are responsible for the absences in the early grades and this is supported by

Eneza (2013) when he stated that there are some diseases like asthma which requires

attention and care and as well as an environment that is warm and not dusty that could

make students remain at home. When the students have number of absences they

usually get lower test score and it affect their grades.

Korioth (2019) stated that good attendance is linked to good health. Excused or

unexcused absences spell trouble for student when it comes to their studies. When a
 26

student miss so many days, students are more likely to do poorly in school. She also

added that students may develop unhealthy behaviors when absences continue.

With these means that the health problem of the students is indeed one reason

why students need to be absent at school and that even if they are excuse, this can still

affect the performance at school since students already missed days in class.

Family Problem.Result revealed that when parents are not in good terms and

has a problem, the performance of students at school will be affected and this may

result for the student to not have interest in school.

This is supported by Yeo (2015), she stated that some students may not be able

to handle the change and that the status of their parents may be overwhelming for them

since they may feel that they need to fix the relationship of their parents or the status of

their family and that it can become the their new priority. She also added that the

situation of their family distract students from their schooling and it making it more

difficult for them to focus in school work.

Pyatt (2015), stated that when the parents are not around, students often feel

lonely, like no one care for them or parents do not love them and this send negative

emotion to the students. He also added that base on the studies, when students feel

this way, poor results in school such as having a low test score will happen. Students

need to feel safe and loved for them to be ready in school. They also suffer most when

they witness their parents fight or quarrel and worst it can affect their performance in

school.
 27

Bennett (2019) also said that family issues can let the student lose the the

balance of school and home life and that home life can be tre priority of the student.

When this happen, students are distracted from their school and may cause for the

student to withdraw from school.

With these means that the family problem can distract the students from their

studies and can lead the student to withdraw from school. When the student withdraw

from school this can result to poor performance and failure in class.

Excessive use of gadget.Based on the result, it revealed that students like to

play mobile/computer games so much in which this result for them to be wake up late in

the morning and end up absent in their class.

When a student is too much engaged in playing computer/ online games, huge

time is lost while being away from school for they sometimes skip their class to play.

This was supported by Wu (2013), she stated that high school students love to skip

school to play computer games or just stay at home to sleep and do nothing at all. She

added that there are also some students who choose to stay up late and skip classes

for oversleeping.

Orendain (2017) also stated that over and improper usage of gadgets is one

reason there are underperformers. It has negative impact on academic performance on

most children. There are many children or students who become addicted with gadgets

like mobile cellphone. Instead of valuing the time in studying, they tend to waste it in

using gadgets without worrying about their studies.

These showed that students choose to stay up late just to play computer/mobile

games which result for these students to wake up late in the morning and skip
 28

class.When these behaviors continue, the performance of the students will be affected

since the focus of the student is on the gadgets and not on their studies.

Inattentive in class

Hurley (2017) stated that, inattentive behavior insde the classroom can disrupt

the learning process of the students and this becomes a problem when the behavior

continues. Students focus is not on the lesson which results for the student to have

difficulty understading the lesson.

Difficulty understanding the lesson.The result revealed that students were in

attentive in class because their attention was not on the lessons taught inside the

classroom and that the student was reluctant to understand the lesson.

When a student does not understand or having a difficulty on the lesson, his or

her attention during class hours usually wanders. Kam (2017) stated that students’

minds wander when they are not focused on the ongoing task of listening to the teacher.

When students’mind wanders during class hour, they miss out important lesson being

taught. When the students are inattentive, their thoughts become scattered, they are

confused, and it is more difficult for them to understand the lesson.

Weimer (2015) also stated that lack of concentration could mean that the student

lack to understand the lesson and when the student lack to understand the lesson this

can lead for student to stop paying attention in class and may fail in their academics.

These showed that student tend to be inattentive in class because the student

lack to understand the lessons being thaught inside the class and when their thoughts

are not fixed to the lesson it will be more difficult for them to comprehend the lessons.
 29

Failed to hand in requirements on time

Lubega (2018) stated that, sometimes high school students likes the saying “Do

it now becomes do it next” and this happen when the students are distracted with the

things that are happening around them. Their focus is not anymore in the task but on

the other things that are not important.

Procrastination.Underperforming students fail to hand in requirements on time

because they procrastinate. These underperforming students procrastinate especially

when the requirements were given a head of time and they lack interest on the task

given to them. They only work on their requirements on the last minute and as result

they cannot finish it on time oand would ask for another deadline.

Procrastination is the reason why students fail to pass requirements on time. This

is supported by Cherry (2019) when she stated that procrastination is one reason

students fail to submit projects or assignments when said that, the students

overestimate how motivated they can be in the future, how much time they have left to

perform the tasks, and students assume that they need to be in the right frame of mind

to work on a project. Kumar (2017) further explained that the student’s procrastinate

because they cannot see the importance of the project, do not understand the material,

or they do not know how to get started with their project. She also added that students

who procrastinate tend to receive lower grades.

Levin (2016) also stated that procrastination can have a big impact to the

students. When the students procrastinate, their school work pile up and they may feel

that they cannot do the task. When students cannot pass the projects and assignments,

this can affect their academic performance and end up having a low grades.
 30

With these mean that student failed to hand in requirements on time because of

procrastination. Student will not make the project when it is not yet the deadline, they do

not know how to make the project, and sometimes students are not interested with the

task.
 31

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

The following contains the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations of the study. The findings were summarized based on the results

obtained. Conclusions were based on the findings, and recommendations were drawn

from the findings and conclusions.

Summary

The objective of the study was to identify the factors affecting the academic

performance and what program can be developed to address the factors affecting the

academic performance of underperforming students. The selection of the respondents

was done through purposive sampling in which only those students who are on the list

of underperforming students from grade seven to grade ten. The respondents from the

faculty were the subject teacher of the underperforming students.

Focus Group Discussion was conducted to gather data on what are the factors

affecting the academic performance of the underperforming students and thematic

analysis was used to analyze the responses of the underperforming students and the

teachers.

The result of this study revealed that they were on the list of underperforming

students because they have frequent absences, inattentiveness in class, and failed to

submit requirements on time.

It was also revealed in the Focus Group Discussion that they have frequent

absences because of their laziness, health problem, family problem, and excessive use

of gadgets. They are inattentive in class because they are having difficulty
 32

understanding the lessons, and they failed submit requirements on time because of

procrastination.

On the review of the school existing program, it appears that only the

Remediation program was given to the students who have failing grades every grading

period. In this program, the underperforming students have four hours class in a week

after their class in the afternoon in order for them to cope with their failing grades. With

this, the researcher designed a program based on the results of the study. The program

was designed to focus on the attitude and behavior of the students which cause them to

be one of the underperforming students.

Conclusion

The result of the focus group discussion revealed that the factors affecting the

academic performance ofunderperforming students was because of frequent absences,

inattentive in class, and failed to submit requirements on time.

Underperforming students have frequent absences because of their laziness,

health problem, family problem, and excessive use of gadgets. They were inattentive in

class because they were having difficulty understanding the lessons, and they failed

submit requirements on time because of procrastination.

Recommendations

The researcher wishes to recommend that the High School Guidance creates a

program for the underperforming students and that it will involve the teachers, parents

or guardian, and the community in helping the students improve their performance at
 33

school. Collaboration among the stakeholder of the school will let the students feel that

the school provides help and solution to their problem in academics.

 34

Chapter IV

Academic Support Program

(Proposed Intervention Program)

I. Introduction

In an educational setting, uniqueness and individuality of students is evident.

Some students can easily adapt to the demands in their academics while others are

having difficulties. Students who find difficulty in understanding their certain subjects are

the ones who need assistance with specific subjects to obtain a satisfactory result in

their academic performance.

It is in this context that the High School Guidance presents this Program to help

the struggling students improve their academic performance at school. This program is

not only the responsibility of the guidance counselor but also involve the teachers and

the community so that the students may feel that they are assisted in solving their

problem when it comes to their academic performance.

II. Program Rationale

Since the school only offer Remediation program for the students who have a

failing grade every grading period, this Academic Support Program of the High School

Guidance Office will help the students enhance their academic performance through

educating them with good academic skills.

III. Description of the Program

This program is a partnership between teachers, parents, and members of the

academe aiming to provide students who are struggling with their academics and need

an extra help.This program focuses on the attitude and behavior of the students which
 35

cause them to be one of the underperforming students. Absences, inattentive in class,

and failure to submit requirements on time are the reasons they fail in their academics,

thus, intervention to minimize these factors is necessary.

IV. Objectives

1. To assist students with academic difficulty to achieve a desirable performance.

2. To lessen number of students with failures in academic and to avoid the tendency to

drop out from school due to low performance in academics.

3. To establish a caring and supporting relationship among parents/guardians, teachers

and students.
 36

PROGRAM FOR UNDERPERFORMING STUDENTS

Area Objectives Activities Time Person In- Expected
Frame charge Outcome
Attitude and Behavior of Students
(Inattentive Increase Teachers will June- School 1. 85% of the
in class) participation of used the Aralinks March Administrator underperforming
underperforming (Digital Learning Teachers students improve
students during Program by their behavior
class hours by Phoenix inside the
the use of new Company) which classroom and
technology contain understand the
interactive lesson of the
activities for teachers by
students using the
Aralinks

(Absences) 1. Decrease the Seminar on: June- School 80% of the

number of Importance of Septembe Administrator underperforming
absences due to Attendance at r Guidance students
laziness, health School Personnel improvetheir
problem, family Helping Students Teachers attendance at
problem, and Overcome Invited school
excessive use of Laziness Speakers
gadget Mindful Eating:
Learn how to
listen and
nurture your
body
Proper use of
Technology
Inform parents/guardians Conduct October -Guidance 90% of the
on the status and conferences personnel underperfomrin
improvement in the with -Advisers g students
student’s academic parents/guardia -Parent/ improve in their
performance ns Guardian performance.

(Fail to Decrease Seminar on; November Guidance 90% of the

submit number of Ways to Avoid -January Personnel underperforming
requirement students who Procrastination Teachers students able to
s on time) fail to submit Invited submit
requirements Seminar and Speaker requirements on
on time Workshop on time
how to manage
time wisely
Inform parents/guardians on Conduct February -Guidance 90% of the
the status and improvement in conferences with personnel underperforming
the student’s academic parents/guardian -Advisers students improve
performance s - in their academic
Parent/Guardi performance
 37

an

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 41

APPENDIC A

Letter of Permission to the School Principal

 42

APPENDIC B

Letter of Permission to the Students and Parents

43
 44

APPENDIX C

Transcription of Focus Group Discussion

Reasons why they are underperforming

Underperforming ko miss, kay naa koy bagsak , 3 kabuok aa ko bagsak miss DIli maminaw sa
klase. Usaahy maminaw man ko miss mu tan aw ko sa board pero, dili jud siya nu sulod sa
akong utok. Kung mag summative na or mag quiz, ma wala dayon sa akong utok miss.
Nalimtan na nako ang lesson.(I am one of the underperforming students, miss, because I failed
in my three subjects. I sometimes listen to my teacher but it is hard for me to comprehend the
lessons. I already forgot the lessons everytime we have a summative test or quizzes). S1
Ako miss, duha akong bagsak. Maminaw man ko usahay miss, pero ma wala dayun sa akong
utok miss. Lisud sabton para sa ako ang mga lesson (I failed in my two subjects. I listen to my
teacher, but it is difficult for me to understand the lessons). S2
Naa koy mga bagsak miss, 3 pod kabuok. Kay tungod sa siguro na dili jud ko naga study miss
ug naa pod ko mga absent. Kapoyan man gud ko mu study unya miss dili ko maminaw sa
teacher usahay. Ug katulogon man gud ko sa klase miss kay sayo ko naga mata mga 4 (I failed
in my three subjects, because I did not study and I have absences. I do not listen to our teacher
sometimes and I am sleepy in the class since I wake up every morning at four o’clock). S3
Bagsak man, wala kaabot 75 ang grade nako. Dili naga buhat ug project miss kay usahay sa
balay naga dula-dula lang man ko, usahay ra pod mag study (I failed because my grades did
not reach the passing grade of 75. I did not make my projects, I just play at home, and rarely
study). S4
Bagsak. 2 subject miss. wala man koy study-study man gud. Di maminaw sad (I failed in my two
subjects. I did not study and I d o not listen during class hours). S5
Naa mi bagsak miss. 3 akoa miss. DIli ko naga paminaw sa teacher ( I failed in my three
subjects because I did not listen to my teachers). S6
Bagsak man. 2 akoa miss. We don’t pass our assignments .Unya malimtan sad jud nako ang
lesson dayon kay wa man ko naga sulat ug notes. Mao nang sala sa akoa miss, nag sulat pa
unta ko ug notes miss, dili unta ko mabagsak. Kapoy kaayo mangita ug notes miss, naa pa jud
color coding color coding (Failed in my to subjects because I did not pass assignments and I
sometimes forgot to jot down notes . If only I jot down notes, I would not have any failing grades.
It is very tiring for me to look for my notes because it is color coding). S7
Bagsak man miss. Halos tanan sigruo ako miss. Dili sad naga pasa ug project miss. Mag sig
era sag ug absent (I failed in almost all my subject. I did not pass projects and I am always
absent). S8
Reasons of their Absences
Ako miss, naa koy twenty absences. Nay mga adlaw miss na sunod sunod akong absent ,
kanang mga 3-5 days na sagunson jud cya miss. Kapoyan pod ko usahay mu skwela miss kung
ma late ko ug mata sa buntag mu absent nalang ko usahay hapon nko mu sulod kay late
naman ko pgka morning miss nia ma hadlook ko mag LEIP ko miss (I have 20 absences, miss.
 45

Sometimes, I am absent for 3-5 days because I feel tired going to school. I skip classes in the
morning and attend class in the afternoon every time I wake up late in the morning since I am
afraid to undergo LEIP). S1
11 ka buok akong mga absent mss, niya mu absent ko miss kay mu tabang ko kay mama sa
balay miss, masuko man si mama miss pero maluoy man gud ko niya siya lang naga buhat
tanan sa balay miss, dili man mu tabang akong ate ug kuya. Nia kung usahay miss, kanang na
human na kog tabang miss , naga dula nalang pod ko ug computer miss , nia malingaw nalang
ko miss. Mao usahy miss whole day jud ko absent miss (I have 11 absences, miss. When I skip
classes, I usually help my mother at home since my brother and sister would not help her in
doing the task at home. When I am done helping my mother, I enjoy playing computer games
and end up absent for the whole day). S2
Daghan kayo kog absent miss, usahay naga half day lang ko miss. Unya usahay sad jud miss
kay kapoyan ko mag anhi dri sa skwelahan layo man gud ang amo miss kapoyan ko
magbayahe. Lami sad kaayo sa feeling na sige rag tulog miss, maganahan naman ko ma tulog
miss maong usahay miss dili nalang ko mu sulod jud, dili man sad ma suko si lola nko kung mu
absent ko (I have lots of absences, miss. Sometimes, I’m just lazy and it is tiring for me to go
here since our house is far. I also like sleeping so much which sometimes lead me to skip
classes and my grandmother will not get mad at me if absent from school). S3
Wala ko kabalo pila. Pero naa tong isa ka week jud ko naka absent ms kay nagka sakit ko miss.
Balik-balik kalintura niaa tungod sa kalintura miss ipa check up man ko ni mama miss kay nag
balik2 man gud miss basig unsa na daw miss ba. Mao na miss, naka absent jud ko ug dugay
miss tungod ato (I can’t remember how many absences I have but there was a time that I was
really absent for one week because I got sick at that time. My fever at that time was on and off
and my mother was worried that is why she decided to visit a doctor for a check-up). S4
Kay usahay miss walay budget miss. Nia kung wala mi enough budget miss, naga away si
mama ug papa miss, hindi man masyado, pero mawalan ako ng gana pumasok miss. Kung
nasa bahay lang ako miss, naga tulog ra ko miss, pero usahay jud miss naga laro ako
miss..yung ano miss, yung pinaka sikat na laro ngayon miss, ML, mobile legend, mag watch ug
tv din miss. Sagul sagul na pod usahay ako ma isip miss, hadlok ko sa akong future miss, kung
magin successful ba ako or hindi. Tapos, ma suko sila mama usahay miss, pero wala jud koy
gana mu sulod miss (Sometimes there is no budget. When there is no enough budget, my
parents usually fight and I lost interest to go to school. When I am at home, I am just sleeping
but most of the time I am just playing Mobile Legends, and watch television. There are also
times that I am thinking a lot of things, like if I will be successful or not in the future). S5
Kanang ano miss, walay gana miss ba. Di ko ganahan mu skwela usahay miss, kapoyan ko mu
mata ug sayo miss. Pag naa lang ko sa balay miss naga tulog ra ko miss. Usahay mu tabang
kay lola limpyo sa balay. Unya ano pod miss, kanang, naga dula sad ko ug computer miss.
Kabalo man sad sila mama ug papa miss, g pasagdan ra man ko nila kung di ko mu sulod miss,
pero tong una jud miss, nasuko sila sa ako miss (I do not like going to school sometimes
because it is tiring for me to wake up early in the morning. When I am just at home, I am just
sleeping or helping my grandmother in cleaning our house. There are times that I am also
playing computer games, my parents are aware about this and they just let me stay at home
but at first they really got mad at me). S6
 46

Naka absent ko miss tungod sa akong skin asthma. Pa balik-balik siya, unya n grabe jud ni
katong ni tukar siya na na suspend ko sa klase, unya nag Learning Intervention Program ko,
didto nag start jud miss. G adto man ko ug doctor ato, sa asa to, sa SPMC, 3 ka adlaw nasa
hospital miss, niya gipa rest day pa jud ko sa doctor miss. Sa sagunson na absent miss, murag
g ganahan nalang pod noun ko mag sige absent miss bisag okay na ko miss (I have absences
because of my skin asthma. At that time, it keeps on coming back and it all started when I was
suspended to attend my class and undergo the LEIP. I was admitted for three days and I was
advice to rest by the doctor. With my successive absences, I was already used in staying at
home doing nothing even if I am already fit to go to school). S7
Family Problem. Tapulan lang jud ko miss. Gusto na ko makita akong papa miss. Nia feeling
nako miss dili kompleto akong kinabuhi miss.Kung makita ug makauban nko akong papa miss,
magtinarung na jud ko miss. Ug naa pa sad isa miss... kanang mao naga absent sad ko miss
kay gusto nako na mapansin ko sa akong mama, nag abroad man gud cya miss, unya kami
lang duha sa akong ate dri. Akong ate naga skwela cya miss, kung naa si mama ms mas close
man sila ni ate nko miss. Feeling nko miss na kung mu absent ko dili ko mu sulod, ma pansin
na ko nila miss, para malaman sad nila miss na gusto jud nko makita akong papa kay wala jud
nako na kita akong papa since birth. Nagka storya mi miss, pero kadiyot ra sad to miss, sa
cellphone. Sa picture ra nako na kita akong papa (I am just lazy. I want to see my father
because I feel incomplete. If I will meet my father, I will really be serious in my studies. I also
skip classes because I want the attention of my mother who is working abroad, I am only left
here with my sister who is in college. I feel that if I will be absent for days, they will finally see
me, so that they will know what I really want which is to meet my father whom I never met since
birth. We talked but it was just in the cell phone and I only saw him in the picture). S8

Reasons why they are inattentive in class

Pag bored na ko sa klase miss, makig storya ko sa akong classmates miss. Labi kanang,
kanang, usahay miss dili nako kasabot sa lesson sa teacher miss, mag storyahanay nalang mi
sa akong kkatapad miss kay makig tabi man sad cya sa ako miss.. Panagsa pod miss, akong
utok miss wala sa classroom miss . naa sa balay miss na usahay miss kanang gina isip nako
ms na lami lang i tulog sa balay (I usually talk to my classmate when I am bore in class
especially when I cannot understand the lesson anymore. There are also times that I am
wandering, my mind is at home, and I think of just sleeping at home). S1
Ganahan ko makig tabi sa akong seatmate miss, kay usahay miss kanang, mag storya mi about
mi about sa mga dula miss. Mga computer games mss. Mas malingaw man ko sa among topic
miss kay sa sa mga gina discuss sa teacher (I like talking to my seatmate miss, especially when
we talk about computer games. I like our topic more than the lesson of our teacher). S2
Usahay miss dili lang jud ko ganahan maminaw sa klase, miss. Gina huna-huna man gud na ko
miss, na mu uli na miss . mas ganahan ko miss kung sa balay nalang ko miss kay ma buhat
man nko kung unsa akong gusto miss , while kung naa ko diri sa school miss, maminaw ra man
jud ko miss usahay pa jud dili sad ko gahana sa topic sa klase miss. Nia sa ka boring sa klase,
usahay maka tulog ko sulod sa classroom (I do not like our topic. I think of going home to sleep
and I like it when I am at home because I can do the things that I want, while when I am at
school all I do is listen to the teachers topic which I do not like. When the class is boring, I just
sleep inside the classroom). S3
 47

Naa ko sa sulod sa classroom miss pero ang akong utok miss, naa sa balay miss sa akong
pamilya miss. Kay ano man gud miss, kanang sa cotabato miss, taga didto man jud mi miss,
naa man gud family problem didto miss. Nag away-away gani miss, unya ma huna huna-an
nako , ma bother nalang noun ko miss. Mas mu daghan nalang akong gina isip mao usahay ma
wala na jud akong focus sa klase (I am at school but my mind is at home-to my family. My
family is really from Cotabato, at present our family have a problem, I cannot stop thinking about
them and at the same time I am worried. I am thinking a lot of things which distract me from my
focus at class). S4
Ano miss, uhmm. Wala sa isip ang classroom. Kanang akong isip miss wala sa klase. Naa ko
sa classroom ms pero akong utok layo kaayo miss. Iniisip ko yung mga games na gusto ko
laruin miss panagsa, umm naa sa balay akong huna-huna miss, kanang excited na kaayo mo
gunit sa akong cellphone miss. usahay pod miss, dili ko makasabot sa lesson, hindi ako madali
maka intindi sa lesson miss (My mind is not with the class. I am thinking of the games that I
want to play at home, I get so excited to hold my phone, and sometimes I cannot easily
understand the lesson). S5
Katulogon ko sa classroom miss. labi na ug math ang subject miss, labad kaayo sa ulo miss, di
man ko kasabot miss, mao tulogan nalang nako. Usahay mag dali-dali ug discuss ang teacher
miss, unya, kanang maminaw ko at first pero kadugayan dili na nako ma catch up ang mga gina
ingun sa teacher miss, dili nalang ko maminaw ana miss (I am sleepy inside the classroom
especially when it is Math subject. I got headache because I cannot understand the lesson,
which is why sometimes I will just sleep. Some teachers discuss the lessons too fast and I
would try to listen but I really cannot catch up with the lesson). S6
Mag sig era ko katawa usahay miss, alangan miss yagayagaon man ang uban teacher ms,
usahay akong classmate miss sigeg pakataw, mao gina palayo mi usahay ug chair ms. Unya
kung kasab-an na miss, ako ang tirahon ug kasaba ms. Makasabot ug maminaw man ko sa
mga lesson miss, pero usahay di jud nako mapugngan makig storya sa kong classmate miss (I
just keep on laughing during class hours because some teachers joke a lot and sometimes it is
my classmate who keeps on making me laugh. I am reprimanded to listen and I really
sometimes understand the lesson but I cannot control myself to talk with my classmate). S7
Lutang ko sulod sa classroom miss. Kung naa ko sulod sa classroom miss akong huna-huna
naa sa gawas. Kuan miss, mga kalingawan sa balay. Unya kung naa pod ko sa gawas miss
kanang wala ko ni sulod miss, ako pod huna-huna miss na sa classroom. Paminsan miss, dili
maminaw sa teacher, usahay maminaw pod miss. kapoyan ko maminaw miss, mao gihapon
bagsakonun naman ko (When I am inside the classroom, my mind is wandering with the fun
things I can do. But when I skip classes, my mind is also inside the classroom. Sometimes, I do
not listen to teachers and there are times that I also listen. But most of the time, it is tiring for me
to listen; because it is still the same, I will still have a failing grade).

Reasons why they failed to submit requirements on time

Kay ako usahay, miss, kay kung diba miss daghan subject miss , nia ma ano dayon sa akong
isip miss makalimot miss na naa diay ko ipasa dapat na project. Usahay sad miss sabay sabay
ang mga projects , mini performance task , nia sa ka kadaghan miss wala na koy gana ana mag
buahat miss,. Maoa nang usahay miss mag sige nalang kog cellphone ms. Magfb, youtube.
 48

Mao na akong gina buaht miss (I sometimes forgot to submit project miss because all the
subject requires project or mini performance task all at the same time, because there is a lot of
project to submit, I have no energy anymore to make all of it. As a result, I will just use my
cellphone and surf in facebook and youtube). S1
Usahay miss makalimot ko miss na naa diay mga project, mini performance task, or assignment
na kailangan miss. Labi na kung project jud miss kay usahay taas man ang adlaw na g haatg
miss para buhaton namo ang assignment miss o usahay project , so mao to miss makalimut
nalang ko ug buhat miss usahay sad miss wala sd jud ko kabalo miss kung unsahon pag buhat
miss. Dili man sad gud ko tabangan sa akong classmate miss.dili sila mutudlo kung unsaon pag
buhat ang project (I sometimes forget that there are projects, mini performance task, and
assignments that needs to submit especially when the project was given a head of time. I forgot
to make my projects and sometimes I really do not know how to make it. My classmates would
not help me or teach me how to make the project). S2
Kung naa ko project miss unya naay mga kailangan paliton ms na hatagan nko kwarta ni lola,
dili dayon ko naga palit miss labi na miss kung dugay pa ang dealine hangtod makalimot
nalang jud ko ug buaht miss wala koy mapasa jud usahay miss. Uban sad miss, maka pasa
gihapon miss kay naa man uban teacher na pwede late pero naa na cyay minus score miss.
Mao ma pugos nalang sad ko ug pasa miss para naa gihapon ko score bisag gamay nalang
(When there is a project miss, it is usually given a head of time. My grandmother will give
money to buy the materials I need. But I forgot to make my project and sometimes I cannot
submit any projects anymore. Sometimes, there are teachers who allow me to pass projects
even if it is already late because of this I am sometimes force to make the project so that I can
still have points). S3
Kay kanang sa mga project miss na Microsoft or dapat cya i computerized miss mag lisud ko
ana miss kay sa balay, gina gamit man sad ni ate ang laptop, so dili ko ka hiram. Unya kung diri
sa skwelahan miss kay usahay kanang magdala akong mga classmate pero dili gihapon ko
maka hiram kay ila man sad gamiton miss (There are projects that need to be computerized and
at home I cannot borrow our laptop since my sister is using it. Then here in school, my
classmates bring laptop but I still cannot borrow because they are also using it). S4
Ako miss makulbaan ko miss, kanang ano miss, dili ko confident sa akong mga buahton miss,
mahadlok ko miss na mali akong g buhat na project mao dili nalang ko magbuhat miss, basig
ma sayang ra akong effort. Kung hatagan pa ko ug chance sa teacher miss, mu pasa ko miss.
Mapugos nalang ko miss (I am nervous to make my project because I am not confident enough
to make it. I fear that I am wrong with what I am doing so I prefer not to do it and my effort will
be useless. If the teacher will give the chance to still pass even if it is late, I am force to make
my project and pass it). S5
Isidro. Kapoyan ko mag himu ug mga project miss. Di ko ganahan mag himu kay usahay miss
dili ko interasodo sa gina pa buhat. Unya tungod pod sa akong mga absent, dili na na ko ma
hibal-an ang mga gina hatag na assignment or project. Kung makabalo man ko miss... so gina
una na ko usahay ang laag miss, bisag asa lang mu adto (It is tiring for me to make my project. I
do not like it because I am not interested to do it. With my absences, I am not updated anymore
if there are projects or assignments given by the teacher. I just go any wherever I like instead of
making my projects and assignment). S6
 49

Mao gani to ganina miss, tungod atong nagka sakit ko miss. Daghan ko ug na miss na klase
miss kay na admit man jud ko sa hospital ato, mga 3 yata to ka adlaw. so kung naa gi hatag
ang teacher miss kay di na sad nako ma hibal-an kay wala man ko g ingnan sa akong mga
classmate, ug ano miss. Wala man sd ko nangutana sa ila miss. Usahay pod miss wala koy
kwarta pang palit ug materials sa project miss kay kung mangayo ko miss ingnan lang ko ni
mama miss na i pang computer lang daw nako (It is because of my absences. I missed lots of
classes since I was admitted at the hospital for three days. During those days that I was absent,
I was not informed by my classmates with the projects and also I did not ask if there is any.
Sometimes, I have no money to but the materials need for my project because every time I ask
money, my mother will just tell me that I will only use it to play computer). S7
Kapoyan ko mag buhat anang mga project or mga mini performance task miss. Kanang at first
miss, ako pana silang ipang sulat tanan akong kailangan i pasa na project or MPT, unya gina
huna-huna na ko kung unsaon na ko pag buhat miss, unya kay usahay, kanang dugay pa man
ipasa dili lang sa na ko buhaton unya na na ko siya gina buhat kung hapit na jud ipasa, unya
kung example miss no ugma na ipasa, balikon na sad na ko na ug huna-hunaon miss kung
unsaon pag buhat hantod maka tulod nalang ko miss, wala nalang jud koy napasa (It is tiring for
me to make projects or the mini performance task. At first, I will jot down all the projects I need
to pass, and then I will think about on how I will do it. But there are times that the deadline is still
far so I sometimes make it the day before the submission. There are times also that I will think
about it again on the night before the submission until I fall asleep and no project has been
made). S8

THEMATIC ANALYSIS
Theme Students Responses
Frequent Absences
Laziness S1. Kapoyan pod ko usahay mu
skwela miss kung ma late ko ug
mata sa buntag mu absent
nalang ko usahay hapon nko mu
sulod kay late naman ko pgka
morning miss nia ma hadlook ko
mag LEIP ko miss.
S3 kapoyan ko mag anhi dri sa
skwelahan layo man gud ang
amo miss kapoyan ko
magbayahe. Lami sad kaayo sa
feeling na sige rag tulog miss,
maganahan naman ko ma tulog
miss maong usahay miss dili
nalang ko mu sulod jud.
Health Problem T6.Kanang ano miss, walay gana
miss ba. Di ko ganahan mu
skwela usahay miss, kapoyan ko
mu mata ug sayo miss. Pag naa
lang ko sa balay miss naga tulog
ra ko miss
S4. Balik-balik kalintura unya
tungod sa kalintura miss ipa
check up man ko ni mama miss
kay nag balik2 man gud miss
basig unsa na daw miss ba. Mao
Family Problem na miss, naka absent jud ko ug
dugay miss tungod ato .
S4. Naka absent ko miss tungod
sa akong skin asthma. Pa balik-
balik siya. G adto man ko ug
doctor ato, sa asa to, sa SPMC,
3 ka adlaw nasa hospital miss,
niya gipa rest day pa jud ko sa
doctor miss.
S7. Kay usahay miss walay
budget miss. Nia kung wala mi
enough budget miss, naga away
si mama ug papa miss, hindi
man masyado, pero mawalan
Excessive use of gadgets ako ng gana pumasok miss. Pero
wala jud koy gana mu sulod mis
S8. Gusto na ko makita akong
50
Teachers Responses
T1. Based on my memory, the
common reasons why they have
absences were due to their self-
problem (laziness). Sometimes
student prefers to be absent
rather than arriving to school late.
T3. On what I remembered, these
students was just not in the mood
to go to school and that it was
tiring to wake up early in the
morning
T6. The guardian once told me
that student prefers to stay at
home and would lie that there’s
no class.
T4. Some of the absences was
really because of their illness,
however even if they are
excused, it is hard for them to
cope up with the lessons.
T4. Parents really informed me
together with the POD with the
case of the student, so it was
excused but he was not around
for days which results for him to
miss the quizzes/activities inside
the class.
T7. I asked the student through
messenger about the absences
and responded that family
problem. I aksed follow-up
question but the student refused
to answer. When the student
went back to school, I asked
again and the student said that it
is about the parents who had a
financial problem.
T8. I followed-up these students
many times and I also reported to
the POD. Also I contacted the

Inattentive in class
Difficulty in understanding the
lesson
papa miss. Nia feeling nako miss
dili kompleto akong kinabuhi
miss. Mao naga absent sad ko
miss kay gusto nako na
mapansin ko sa akong mama,
nag abroad man gud cya miss,
unya kami lang duha sa akong
ate dri. Feeling nko miss na kung
mu absent ko dili ko mu sulod,
ma pansin na ko nila miss, para
malaman sad nila miss na gusto
jud nko makita akong papa kay
wala jud nako na kita akong papa
since birth.
S2. Naga dula nalang pod ko ug
computer miss , nia malingaw
nalang ko miss. Mao usahay
miss whole day jud ko absent
miss.
S6. Naga dula ko ug mobile
legends miss, pasagdan ra man
ko nila kung di ko mu sulod
miss… taga buntag pukawon ko
pero lami pa jud ma tulog mao
dili na ko makasulod sad…dugay
ko maka tulog pag gabie sad kay
tungod naga dula ko, dugay
maka tulog.
S1. dili nako kasabot sa lesson
sa teacher miss, mag
storyahanay nalang mi sa akong
katapad miss kay makig tabi man
sad cya sa ako miss… maglisod
nko ug sabot miss kay na wala
na akong focus.
S5. dili ko makasabot sa lesson,
hindi ako madali maka intindi sa
lesson ms.
S6. Katulogon ko sa classroom
miss. labi na ug math ang subject
miss, labad kaayo sa ulo miss, di
man ko kasabot miss, mao
tulogan nalang nako. Usahay
mag dali-dali ug discuss ang
teacher miss, unya, kanang
maminaw ko at first pero
kadugayan dili na nako ma catch
up ang mga gina ingun sa
teacher miss, dili nalang ko
maminaw ana miss.
51
guardian about the performance
of the student at school but the
guardian was not aware of the
absences and informed me
instead that parents of the
students are separted.
T2. Students told me before that,
the absences was because they
slept late at night due to
excessive use of mobile phones.
T6. The guardian once told me
that student prefers to stay at
home and would lie that there’s
no class. When at home, the
student keeps on playing on their
computer. The student would not
listen to her and as was the
guardian said, the student’s very
hard headed.
Based on my observation,
students tend to pay more
attention talking with their friends
and also because of short
attention span… the student will
not really understand since their
focus was not on the lesson”
T5. Has no focus on the lessons.
When you explain it again and
ask if they understand, you
cannot get any answers from
them.
T6. Students do not like my
subject (Math) and they are
reluctant to learn it for they find it
difficult.
T3. Refused to learn the lesson.
Explained the lesson many
times, but still cannot
understand.
 52

S3. Usahay miss dili lang jud ko

ganahan maminaw sa klase, T7. Students are sometimes
miss. dili sad ko gahana sa topic talkative during class hours; they
sa klase miss. Unya sa ka boring can’t focus on the lessons… as a
sa klase, usahay maka tulog ko result he cannot understand the
sulod sa classroom . lessons at all.
… dili ko ganahan maminaw
miss kay di man gihapon ko
makasabot, kung ting exam
bagsak ra gihapon.

S8. Paminsan miss, dili

maminaw sa teacher, usahay
maminaw pod miss. kapoyan ko
maminaw miss, mao gihapon
bagsakonun naman ko.
… kapoyan ko maminaw miss
kay lisud sabton usahay ang
lesson mao dili nalang ko
maminaw sa teacher
Failed to hand in requirements on time
Procrastination S2. Taas man ang adlaw na g T1. Lack interest in the task and
hatag miss para buhaton namo do procrastinate especially when
ang assignment miss o usahay the project was given weeks
project… wala man sad ko before the deadline.
kabalo unsaon
S6. Kapoyan ko mag himu ug T4. Most of the time they really
mga project miss. Di ko ganahan love to procrastinate and they will
mag himu kay usahay, dili ko ask for an extension.
interasodo sa gina pa buhat
…layo pa man sad ang deadline
dili lang sa buhaton. S8. Always ask for another date
S3. Hatagan nako kwarta ni lola, for deadline and reasons that
dili dayon ko naga palit miss labi there were many projects.
na miss kung dugay pa ang
dealine
…dili man pod ko kabalo unsaon
pag buhat gud miss