SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE EDUCAÇÃO DE MINAS GERAIS

PLANO DE ESTUDO TUTORADO

COMPONENTE CURRICULAR: LÍNGUA INGLESA
ANO DE ESCOLARIDADE: 2º ANO – EM
PET VOLUME: 03/2021
NOME DA ESCOLA:
ESTUDANTE:
TURMA: TURNO:
BIMESTRE: 3º TOTAL DE SEMANAS:
NÚMERO DE AULAS POR SEMANA: NÚMERO DE AULAS POR MÊS:

GABARITO SEMANA 1

EIXO TEMÁTICO:
Recepção e produção de textos orais e escritos de gêneros textuais variados em língua estrangeira.

TEMA/TÓPICO:
Tema 1: Compreensão escrita (leitura) / Tópico: 4. Características formais, lexicais e sintáticas de gêneros
textuais diferentes.

HABILIDADE(S):
4.1. Reconhecer as características básicas dos vários gêneros textuais.

CONTEÚDOS RELACIONADOS:
Reading comprehension.

INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE:
Redação: textos argumentativos.

TEMA: READING ARGUMENTS

Hello, there! O objetivo dessa semana é ler e compreender debates online. Study hard!

BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO
Nesta aula você precisa se lembrar de como funciona a língua inglesa porque o foco será em leitura e
compreensão.

187
 ATIVIDADES
1 - Take a look at the following pictures and answer:
a) What can you do in a village in the countryside?
In a village in the countryside you eat fresh, green and clean
vegetables. You could grow various kinds of vegetables by yourself.
You control the fertilizing and pesticide to make sure the vegetables
are green and clean.
Em uma vila no campo, você come vegetais frescos, verdes e limpos.
Você pode cultivar vários tipos de vegetais sozinho. Você controla a
fertilização e o pesticida para garantir que os vegetais estejam verdes
e limpos.
b) What can elderly people do in big cities and in
the countryside? List a few activities.
In big cities, elderly people can go to the museums,
parks, theaters, etc. In the countryside, elderly people can
enjoy the nature, go for walks and enjoy touristic places.
Nas grandes cidades, os idosos podem ir a museus, parques,
teatros, etc. No campo, os idosos podem desfrutar da natureza,
fazer caminhadas e desfrutar de locais turísticos.
c) In what ways are the pictures of Brussels and
Moscow similar to big city life in Brazil?
Both images are similar to life in the big Brazilian city of
São Paulo where there is a lot of traffic and lights.

Ambas as imagens são semelhantes à vida na grande cidade

brasileira de São Paulo, onde há muito trânsito e luzes.

2 - Read the text below and answer the questions.

188
 a) Is country life better than city life? What is your opinion about that?
In my opinion, life in the city is better because you have easier access to technology and information.

Na minha opinião, a vida na cidade é melhor porque você tem mais facilidade de acesso à tecnologia e à informação.

b) What are the website users’ opinions?

Most of them think that country life is better than city life (65% say yes / 35% say no).
A maioria deles pensa que a vida no campo é melhor do que a vida na cidade (65% dizem sim / 35% dizem não).

c) Are the text fragments above part of an online survey, a debate or research? How do you know?
Debate, by checking the source.
Debate, verificando a fonte.
d) In these fragments, are people stating arguments, personal opinions or others’ ideas? How do
you know?
People are stating arguments.

e) What are the arguments in favor of life in the countryside?

Clean air environment; everybody knows everybody; close friends.
Ambiente de ar limpo; todo mundo conhece todo mundo; amigos próximos.

f) What are the arguments in favor of life in the city?

Comfortable life; opportunities, such as good medical treatment, transportation, information
technologies, recreation, communication, employment, and entertainment.
Vida confortável; oportunidades, como bom tratamento médico, transporte, tecnologias da informação, recreação,
comunicação, emprego e entretenimento.
3 - Imagine you are a user of the website. Is country life better than city life? Why? Use arguments to
defend your point of view.
Both lifestyles have pros and cons. In my opinion, the city life is better than the country life, because in the city
there are many facilities. There are many technologies, communication and a lot of opportunities for development.
Of course this is my opinion. Some people prefer the country life, because it is quiet and calm place.
Ambos os estilos de vida têm prós e contras. Na minha opinião, a vida na cidade é melhor do que a vida no campo, porque
na cidade há muitas facilidades. Existem muitas tecnologias, comunicação e muitas oportunidades de desenvolvimento.
Claro que esta é minha opinião. Algumas pessoas preferem a vida no campo, pois é um lugar calmo e tranquilo.

PARA SABER MAIS:

Debating: <https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/communication-lesson-useful-expres-
sions-for-debating.php>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.

REFERÊNCIAS:
BRAGA, Junia; RACILAN, Marcos; GOMES, Ronaldo. New Alive High: ensino médio. São Paulo: Edi-
ções SM, 2020. Unit 10: p. 150-151.

189
 GABARITO SEMANA 2

EIXO TEMÁTICO:
Recepção e produção de textos orais e escritos de gêneros textuais variados em língua estrangeira.

TEMA/TÓPICO:
Tema 5: Conhecimento léxico-sistêmico / Tópico: 20. Funções sociocomunicativas dos marcadores do dis-
curso.

HABILIDADE(S):
20.1. Identificar e/ou fazer uso adequado dos marcadores do discurso (palavras de ligação) e das relações
semânticas que ajudam a estabelecer nos vários gêneros textuais orais e escritos.

CONTEÚDOS RELACIONADOS:
Comparative form.

INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE:
Vida e sociedade.

TEMA: HOW TO STRUCTURE ARGUMENTS

Hello, there! Nessa semana você compreenderá as semelhanças e diferenças da vida na cidade e no
campo, como são suas relações com a natureza e modo de viver. Study hard!

BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO
Deixe sua habilidade de leitura afiada para ampliar o vocabulário e apresentar seu ponto de vista.

REFERÊNCIAS:
BRAGA, Junia; RACILAN, Marcos; GOMES, Ronaldo. New Alive High: ensino médio. São Paulo: Edi-
ções SM, 2020. Unit 10: p. 154-155.

ATIVIDADES
1 - Read the text about life in the city and answer the questions.

Why Should People Put Up with Life in the City?

Sylvia Wang from Hong Kong

Can you imagine exchanging the glamour of city life for a quiet life in the countryside?
Many people want to move from the country to the city because they think that life in the city is more
exciting and better than in rural areas, especially younger people who like new, modern things.

190
 Often people like to be fashionable and feel they can find the latest styles only in the city.

Other people are interested in technological things and high tech jobs and think they can find them
only in a big city. If they want to find a job, especially a good position in a company, they feel they
have to live in a city. To enjoy these jobs, they are willing to put up with many of the disadvantages
of city life such as crime, high traffic, and pollution.

However, it is now possible to enjoy a higher quality of life in the countryside and still enjoy some of
the advantages of living in the city.

Nowadays, travel is fast and information is available on the Internet, so many people are able to do
their work in home offices.

Because they have email and personal computers, they don’t have to be in big cities to conduct
their business. It is not important where they actually work because the results of their work can be
sent everywhere with technology. So, why should they put up with all the disadvantages of the city
any longer? Now they can escape hectic city life to enjoy life in the countryside and still be able to
do good business and have successful careers.
Adapted from http://www.topics-mag.com/edition21/life/city-country.htm. Accessed on April 22, 2020.

a) Which verb can replace the phrasal verb put up with, in the title of the text?
I. install.
II. move.
III. tolerate.
X
IV. place.
V. endure.
b) According to Sylvia Wang, what are some of the reasons why people decide
to live in cities?
Reasons: fashion, excitement, technological things, job opportunities.

Razões: moda, emoção, coisas tecnológicas, oportunidades de emprego.

c) What are some of the negative aspects of living in the city, based on the text?
Negative aspects: crime, high traffic, pollution.

Aspectos negativos: crime, tráfego intenso, poluição.

d) Which argument is used by the author to convince us that it is now possible to have the advantages
of both the city and rural life?
Because of the Internet, people can now work at home. Also, travel became faster.
Por causa da Internet, as pessoas agora podem trabalhar em casa. Além disso, as viagens tornam-se mais rápidas.

e) What is the author’s final conclusion about living in the city and in the countryside?
She believes that people don’t need to put up with the disadvantages of the city anymore.
They can now enjoy the country and still be successful in their careers.
Ela acredita que as pessoas não precisam mais suportar as desvantagens da cidade. Eles agora podem curtir o país e ainda
assim ter sucesso na carreira.

191
 2 - The following sentences are captions of the pictures below. Based on the pictures, do the activities.

a) b)

a) Write the correct combination of letter of pictures and number of captions:

B
I. Quilombola taking care of his plantation in Nossa Senhora do Livramento (MT), 2020. ____
A
II. Traffic jam in Jakarta, Indonesia, 2018. ____

b) What characteristics of the city and of rural life do they represent?

City life: traffic, air pollution, noisily, less interactions of the people, etc
Rural life: simple way of life, clean air, noiseless, more interactions of the people, etc

3 - Considering the elderly people in Brazil, answer the following questions.

a) What can be done to improve the social life of the elderly people in the city and in the countryside?
a)both,
In What can besuggest
I would done tojoining
improve the social
a Club lifesome
or doing of thegroup
elderly people such
activities, in theascity and in
a book the or
club, countryside?
senior fitness
class, can be a great way to promote social interaction. You might also want to suggest volunteering with an
organization like your local church, theater, or library.
Em ambos lugares, eu sugeriria que ingressar em um clube ou fazer algumas atividades em grupo, como um clube
do livro ou aula de ginástica para idosos, pode ser uma ótima maneira de promover a interação social. Você também
pode sugerir ser voluntário em uma organização como a igreja local, teatro ou biblioteca.
b) Now, think about the elderly people in your community and make a list of changes to help them
have a better social life. Take into consideration the following points: accessibility to leisure
areas, pedestrian signs to these areas, special discounts, etc. Share your ideas with a classmate,
a friend or someone in the family.
* a big campaign to encourage elderly people to do * uma grande campanha para incentivar os idosos a fazer
outside activities; atividades externas;
* free companion care services once a week; * serviços gratuitos de acompanhantes uma vez por semana;
* improve pedestrian signs by increasing letters and * melhorar a sinalização para pedestres aumentando as letras
non- verbal language. e a linguagem não verbal.

PARA SABER MAIS:

A.Harvard City VS. Country Life. Disponível em: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-
-4hL_4IBsM>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.
B. Let ‘s read. Disponível em: <https://www.comparemymove.com/blog/your-move/city-life-vs-
-country-life & https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine/life-around-world/life-
-city-versus-life-country>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.

192
 GABARITO SEMANA 3

EIXO TEMÁTICO:
Recepção e produção de textos orais e escritos de gêneros textuais variados em língua estrangeira.

TEMA/TÓPICO:
Tema 1: Compreensão escrita (leitura) / Tópico: 6. Elos coesivos em gêneros textuais diferentes.

HABILIDADE(S):
6.1. Estabelecer relações entre termos, expressões e ideias que tenham o mesmo referente de modo a cons-
truir os elos coesivos gramaticais.

CONTEÚDOS RELACIONADOS:
Adjectives; Describing places.

INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE:
Vida e sociedade.

TEMA: COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Hello, there! Nessa semana você estudará as formas comparativas e superlativas. Study hard!

BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO
Os conceitos necessários serão apresentados em meio às atividades. Have a nice job!

REFERÊNCIAS:
BRAGA, Junia; RACILAN, Marcos; GOMES, Ronaldo. New Alive High: ensino médio. São Paulo:
Edições SM, 2020. Unit 10: p. 158-159.

ATIVIDADES
1 - Read these excerpts from the text “Why Should People Put Up with Life in the City?” and answer the
questions.
I. “Many people want to move […] to the city because they think that life in the city is more
exciting and better than in rural areas, especially younger people who like new, modern things.”
II. “However, it is now possible to enjoy a higher quality of life in the countryside […].”
a) Does the author mean that life in the city is the same as life in rural areas?
No, she doesn’t.

b) Is the quality of life in the countryside the same as before?

No, it isn’t.

193
 c) Which structures are used to state that they are different?
More exciting, better than, higher.

We use comparatives (superiority and inferiority) when we want to say how a person or thing is
different from another.

2 - Replace the numbers with the appropriate words from the first box to complete the rules about how
to make comparatives.

longer than one-syllable

How to make comparatives longer

With II _________________ adjectives, use
more/less before them.
one-syllable
With I _________________ adjectives, add -er.
than
Use III_________________ when the two people
With adjectives ending in -y, replace -y with -ier.
or things compared are explicit.

3 - Read another excerpt from the text “Why Should People Put Up with Life in the City?” and answer the
questions.
“Often people like to be fashionable and feel they can find the latest styles only in the city.”
a) Does the author compare one style to another?
No, she does not.

b) To what does she compare styles?

To all the other styles.

We use superlatives when we want to compare a person or thing

with the entire group they are in.

4. Write down the correct combination of numbers-letters to complete the rules about how to make
superlatives.

I longer II the III one-syllable

How to make superlatives

the
Start a superlative with B _________________ .
one-syllable
With A _________________ adjectives, add -est.
longer
With C _________________ adjectives, use the
With adjectives ending in -y, replace -y with -iest. most/least before them.

194
 5 - Look at some facts about our world. Write the complete sentences with a superlative form of the
adjectives below.

deep high large low old populous small spoken tall

a) AThe most spoken

_________________ language in the world is Chinese Mandarin, with over one billion speakers.
the highest
b) The continent with B_________________ number of countries is Africa, with 54 countries.

the lowest
c) Mongolia and Namibia are the two countries with C_________________ density. There are only
two people per square kilometer.
The largest
d) D_________________ country in the world is Russia, with 17,098,246 square kilometers.

the smallest
e) The Arctic ocean is E _________________ one in the world, with 15,558,000 square kilometers.
The deepest
f) F _________________ ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean.
the oldest
g) San Marino is G_________________ country in the world.

the tallest
h) Mount Everest is H_________________ mountain, with 8,848 meters.
most populous
i) South America is the fifth I _________________ continent, after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North
America.

PARA SABER MAIS:

A. Listening Task. Disponível em: < https://www.elllo.org/english/Mixer001/T005-City.html>.
Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.
B. Comparative and Superlative Video Activity. Disponível em: <https://eslvideo.com/category.
php?catid=Comparative%20and%20Superlative>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.
C. Quizz. Disponível em: <https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/english-comparative-superlati-
ve1.html & https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/1g9-comparative-superlative-gapfill.
php>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.
D. Game. Disponível em: < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E71eT-xDch8>. Acesso em: 24
maio 2021.

195
 GABARITO SEMANA 4

EIXO TEMÁTICO:
Recepção e produção de textos orais e escritos de gêneros textuais variados em Língua Estrangeira.

TEMA/TÓPICO:
Tema 1: Compreensão escrita (leitura) / Tópico: 6. Elos coesivos em gêneros textuais diferentes.

HABILIDADE(S):
6.2. Estabelecer relações entre termos, expressões e ideias que tenham o mesmo referente de modo a cons-
truir os elos coesivos lexicais.

CONTEÚDOS RELACIONADOS:
Adjectives.

TEMA: COMPARING IN CONTEXT

Hello, there! Nesta semana você irá praticar as formas comparativas e superlativas em contexto.
Study hard!

BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO
Você vai praticar os conceitos estudados na Semana 3. Have a great job!

REFERÊNCIAS:
BRAGA, Junia; RACILAN, Marcos; GOMES, Ronaldo. New Alive High: ensino médio. São Paulo: Edi-
ções SM, 2020. Unit 10: p. 160.

ATIVIDADES
1 - Write the comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in parentheses and find out the
advantages and disadvantages of city and country life.
City life vs country life: As a born-and-raised city girl, having temporarily
adopted a country life in Australia, I think it is safe to say I have experienced
best
the (good) _______________ worst
and possibly (bad) _______________ of both
worlds. They are two entirely different ways of life – each with their own
advantages and disadvantages.

City Life – Advantages

wider than
[…] The variety of accommodation available is even (wide) _______________.
Urban lofts, flats, houses, skyscrapers, hovels, you name it.
A faux pas or fall-out with somebody is easily overcome. Just make new
friends and hang out with different people. Proximity to fire departments,
safer
police, and hospitals can make city living (safe) _______________.

196
 City Life – Disadvantages
higher
[…] Cities are inherently expensive. Besides the (high) _______________ cost of living, something
happens whenever I find myself in a city: I spend more money. I don’t even know where it goes. It just...
higher
goes. The anonymity can be suffocating. Crime is (high) _______________. Competition for jobs is (fierce)
fiercer
_______________. When newcomers move to the area, they’re likely to move to the city.
Available at https://www.theprofessionalhobo.com/city-life-vs-countrylife-an-unbiased-analysis/. Accessed on April 23, 2020.

2 - Are you a city or country person? Form the comparative or the superlative of the adjectives in
parentheses. After that, check ( ) the statements that suit you best.
a) the most exciting
For me, ___________________ (exciting) outdoor activity is fishing.
b) best
Waking up in a metropolitan city is the ___________________ (good) thing in life.
c) quieter
I prefer living in ___________________ (quiet) places.
d) easier
Shopping is ___________________ (easy) to do in family owned stores.
e)
X the most important (important) things in life is to have lots of places to go to on weekends.
One of ___________________
f)
X the fullest
I want to live life to ___________________ (full) in a place where I can meet people.
If you check the statements a, c, d, you are a country person. If you check b, e, f, you are a city person.
3 - Complete the conversation using the comparative form of the adjectives.
better
Dong Un: I love my new laptop. It’s much ___________________ (good) than my oldest desktop.
cheaper
Loni: But aren’t regular computers ___________________ (cheap) than laptops?
usefuller
Dong Un: Yes, but they’re ___________________ (useful) than laptops because you can’t take them to the
library or on a trip.
cooler
Loni: Well, maybe laptops are ___________________ (cool) than desktops, but my big computer is (quick)
than most laptops.
heavier
Dong Un: Yeah, but it sure is a lot ___________________ (heavy)!
MCCARTHY, M., MCCARTEN, J., SANDIFORD, H., RIVERS, S., & FÂRNOAGĂ, G. (2005). Touchstone. 2 Workbook. Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press. p. 74.

4 - Complete these questions about your country. Use the superlative form of the adjectives or the
superlative with nouns.
a) the largest
What’s ___________________ (large) city?
b) the most flights
Which airport has ___________________ (flights) every day?
c) the fastest
What’s ___________________ (fast) way to travel?
d) the most beautiful
What’s ___________________ (beautiful) region?
e) the most tourism
Which city has ___________________ (tourism)?
f) the most famous
What’s ___________________ (famous) monument?
g) the best
What’s ___________________ (good) university?
h) the worst
What’s ___________________ (bad) problem for people?
MCCARTHY, M., MCCARTEN, J., SANDIFORD, H., RIVERS, S., & FÂRNOAGĂ, G. (2005). Touchstone. 3. Cambridge, Cambridge University
Press. p. 23.

PARA SABER MAIS:

Listen and Read Along. Disponível em: <https://magoosh.com/english-speaking/an-esl-guide-to-
-comparative-and-superlative-adjectives/>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.

197
 GABARITO SEMANA 5
EIXO TEMÁTICO:
Recepção e produção de textos orais e escritos de gêneros textuais variados em língua estrangeira.
TEMA/TÓPICO:
Tema 5: Conhecimento léxico-sistêmico / Tópico: 21. Funções sociocomunicativas dos pronomes.
HABILIDADE(S):
21.1. Identificar e/ou fazer uso adequado dos pronomes e das relações de coesão gramatical que ajudam a
estabelecer nos vários gêneros textuais orais e escritos.
CONTEÚDOS RELACIONADOS:
Poetry in english; Comic poem.
INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE:
Literatura.

TEMA: LITERATURE: LIMERICKS

Hello, there! Nessa semana você conhecerá um tipo de gênero literário específico, os limericks.
Study hard!

BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO
Você conhecerá o conceito e as características de limericks ao longo das atividades.

REFERÊNCIAS:
BRAGA, Junia; RACILAN, Marcos; GOMES, Ronaldo. New Alive High: ensino médio. São Paulo: Edi-
ções SM, 2020. p. 147.

ATIVIDADES
1 - Have you ever heard of limericks?
No.

2 - Let’s learn some characteristics of limericks. Read the poem below and answer the questions.
The Satisfaction of Enough
Learning to let go of “stuff”
Is a task that can be very tough
We’re taught from our birth
That “stuff” is our worth
But that won’t get you the satisfaction of enough!
Available at Post Consumers.com https://www.postconsumers.
com/2017/03/17/limericks-satisfaction-of-enough/.
Accessed on May 2, 2020.

198
 a) Is it a humorous poem?
Yes, it is.

b) Is it short or long?
It is short.

c) How many lines are there in a limerick?

Five lines.

d) Which lines rhyme? Give examples of the words that rhyme in these lines.
First, second and fifth lines. For example: stuff, tough, enough;
Third and fourth lines. For example: birth and worth.
e) Which lines are shorter?
Three and four lines.

f) Based on the questions above, write some of the characteristics of a limerick.

Limericks are short and humorous poems with 5 lines. Lines 1, 2, and 5 have the same rhymes.
The same happens with lines 3 and 4 which are usually shorter than the others.
Limericks são poemas curtos e humorísticos com 5 linhas. As linhas 1, 2 e 5 têm as mesmas rimas.
O mesmo acontece com as linhas 3 e 4, que geralmente são mais curtas do que as outras.
3 - Read the limerick again and answer the following questions.
a) What’s the conflict presented in the poem?
One needs to let go of the stuff but it’s tough.

b) Why do you think the author used the word ‘stuff’ in the poem?
Because it is a general word that can mean whatever we want.

c) Where was the text published?

In a site about consumerism.

d) Considering the site the poem was published, what is probably the meaning of ‘stuff’ in this
limerick?
Material things.

e) What does the punch line tell us about the author’s conclusion?
That if we get attached to material things, we won’t have the satisfaction of enough.

199
 PARA SABER MAIS:
Leia outros limericks. Disponível em: <https://www.kidzone.ws/poetry/
limerick.htm>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.
Watch and learn. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy65TkCadfU>.
Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.

200
 GABARITO SEMANA 6

EIXO TEMÁTICO:
Recepção e produção de textos orais e escritos de gêneros textuais variados em língua estrangeira.

TEMA/TÓPICO:
Tema 6: Leitura (compreensão escrita) / Tópico: 24. Construção do sentido do texto escrito de gêneros tex-
tuais diferentes.

HABILIDADE(S):
24.1. Reconhecer o tema geral do texto.

CONTEÚDOS RELACIONADOS:
Procedures; Imperative; Food; Clothes.

INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE:
Química; Arte.

TEMA: SUSTAINABLE ART

Hello, there! Nessa semana você encontrará formas sustentáveis de criar arte, fazendo uma reflexão
sobre os processos químicos que levaram ao resultado final. Study hard!

BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO
Ao falar sobre coloração natural, você aprenderá, ao longo da aula, o vocabulário relacionado ao tema e
terá contato com pesquisa científica na área para, depois, colocar os dados da pesquisa na prática em
um DIY envolvente!

REFERÊNCIAS:
BRAGA, Junia; RACILAN, Marcos; GOMES, Ronaldo. New Alive High: ensino médio. São Paulo: Edi-
ções SM, 2020. p. 270-271.

201
 ATIVIDADES
KNOWLEDGE ACROSS ENGLISH, CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND HISTORY SUSTAINABLE ART!

1 - Before you read, answer the following questions.

a) Do you paint or draw? If so, which material(s) do you use? If not, why?
Yes, sometimes I paint and I use paint and brush as materials

b) Do you have a piece of clothing that was irreversibly stained while you were doing an art project?
Which material were you using?
Once it dropped bleach on my colorful blouse and I had to throw it away.
Uma vez caiu alvejante na minha blusa colorida e eu tive que jogá-la fora.
2 - Read this abstract and answer the questions.

Colors to Dye for: Preparation of Natural Dyes

J. Chem. Educ., 1999, 76 (12), p 1688A
DOI: 10.1021/ed076p1688A
Publication Date (Web): December 1, 1999
Abstract
Use of dyes can be traced to earliest history. The coloring properties of materials such as berries and bark were most
likely discovered when clothing accidentally became stained with them. Dyes made from natural sources such as
plants, animals, and minerals tend to produce colors that wash out easily. With most natural dyes, a mordant can be
used to make the color more permanent. In the mordanting process the fiber is treated with a solution of a metal salt
(usually an aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, or tin salt). Then the fiber is dyed. Metal ions from the salt form strong
bonds with the fiber and also with the dye, thereby holding the dye to the fiber. […]
Available at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed076p1688A. Accessed on July 9, 2020.

a) Which materials are natural sources of dye?

Plants, animals, and minerals.

202
 b) What can be used to make the color of natural dyes more permanent?
A substance called mordant.

YOU ARE THE RESEARCHER!

3 - Today, if we want to paint, draw, or dye clothes, we can buy what we need in a store or have the help
of specialists. But how did cave people and Renaissance painters get the paint for their pieces?
Most cave art consists of paintings made with either red or black pigment. The reds were made
with iron oxides (hematite), whereas manganese dioxide and charcoal were used for the blacks.
A maior parte da arte rupestre consiste em pinturas feitas com pigmento vermelho ou preto. Os vermelhos foram
feitos com óxidos de ferro (hematita), enquanto o dióxido de manganês e o carvão vegetal foram usados para o preto.
Work with your classmates and ask your Chemistry teacher to help you do some research in order to find
out:

• the components paint should have; • natural occurring pigments in minerals,

• the materials cave people used to paint the plants, and animals, as well as the substance
interior of caves; involved;
• how Renaissance painters got their paint; • problems or consequences artists had with
natural pigments

This is the procedure for your experiment:

• Use a solution of four parts water to one part white vinegar as a fixative for the fabric. Soak the
piece of clothing in the solution and leave it to rest for an hour. This process will ensure that the
natural dye will set in the fabric.
• Chop the beets and place them in the stockpot.
• Add 4 cups of water and bring the dye to a simmer over medium heat.
• Pull and twist sections of the cotton material and then secure them tightly with rubber bands.
• Place the cloth in the stockpot and let it simmer for an hour. Then, turn off the heat and let the
fabric sit in the dye until it comes to room temperature.
• Remove the fabric from the stockpot and squeeze it to release some of the dye. Carefully re-
move the rubber bands and see what the fabric looks like. Naturally-dyed fabric will be lighter
once it’s dry, and should be laundered separately in cold water.

Adapted from http://www.education.com/activity/article/natural-tie-dye/. Accessed on July 9, 2020.

203
 4 - Talking to your classmates and with the help of your Chemistry teacher, discuss and write:
a) What change(s) did the fabric go through as a result of being soaked in a solution with white vi-
negar? Would the result be the same if white vinegar were not used?
The vinegar and salt work together to naturally lock the color into the fabric. If you want, you can tie dye
without vinegar. But remember that the vinegar decreases the sitting time of the T-shirt in the dye, makes
the colors more vibrant and last longer.
O vinagre e o sal trabalham juntos para fixar naturalmente a cor no tecido. Se quiser, pode tingir sem vinagre. Mas lembre-
se que o vinagre diminui o tempo de fixação da camiseta na tintura, faz as cores ficarem mais vibrantes e durarem mais.
b) What other possibilities of natural dye could you use to tie-dye cotton fabric?
Orange: carrots, onion skins Laranja: cenoura, casca de cebola
Brown: oak bark, walnut hulls, tea, coffee Marrom: casca de carvalho, cascas de nozes, chá, café
Pink: berries, cherries, red and pink roses, Rosa: frutas vermelhas, cerejas, rosas vermelhas e rosa,
Blue: blueberries, purple grapes Azul: mirtilos, uvas roxas
Green: artichokes, spinach, peppermint leaves Verde: alcachofras, espinafre, folhas de hortelã-pimenta
c) What is the role of heat in the process of dyeing?
It is a slow process the rate of which can be increased by raising the temperature of the dye
solution. Higher temperature also helps in increasing fibre swelling.
Este é um processo lento cuja taxa pode ser aumentada elevando-se a temperatura da solução do
corante. A temperatura mais alta também ajuda a aumentar o inchaço da fibra.
d) What is the environmental advantage of using natural dyes?
Because they come from natural sources, natural dyes are not harmful to the environment.
Natural dyes are biodegradable and disposing them don't cause pollution.

Por serem provenientes de fontes naturais, os corantes naturais não são prejudiciais ao meio
ambiente. Os corantes naturais são biodegradáveis e seu descarte não causa poluição.

PARA SABER MAIS:

A.Tintas de plantas. Disponível em: <https://kidsgardening.org/lesson-plans-exploring-plant-
-dyes/>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.
B. A química da coloração natural. Disponível em: <https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/
dye-natural>. Acesso em: 24 maio 2021.

Despedida: Chegamos ao final de mais um ciclo. Que você tenha todo foco e estratégia para tirar o
melhor de si mesmo sempre! Hugs (;

204