DIAGRAMA DE CASUALIDAD

Presentado por;

Laura Camila Marroquín Id 722811

Johana Katherine Castiblanco Montoya Id720465
Libia Yamile Soriano Escobar Id 745303
Paola Andrea Castellanos Tavera Id 632816
Victor Cano Acosta Id 660032

Docente de la carrera
Jose David Ovalle Paez

ADMINISTRACIÓN EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO

NRC: 10247

9
 

GDAGEBAKYMU IÂUGEKU AM UBH]A MD EKHKJIGB

Ekd rmspmetk b gdagebakrms am sbhua sm rmfgmrm b cmrrbjgmdtbs am eâheuhk eubdtgtbtgvb y

eubhgtbtgvb am bekdtmegjgmdtks lmdmrbhms pbrb pkamr rmspbhabr beegkdms pkhêtgebs, mvbhubr 
hklrks y jmtbs? md ktrbs pbhbirbs, hb Krlbdgzbegõd Judagbh Am Hb Ubhua hb amfgdm ekjk
vbrgbihms qum sgrvmd pbrb jmagr ebjigks.

^kr ud hbak, hb gdgegbtgvb am abtks iâsgeks am sbhua md 277= hb hbdzõ hb (K^U) Krlbdgzbegõd
 pbdbjmrgebdbb am Ubhua md mh bòk 277= pbrb jkdgtkrmbr mh hklrk y eujphgjgmdtk am jmtbs am
 pbdbjmrgebd
sbhua bakptbaks pkr hks mstbaks, jgmjirks y hb kfgegdb sbdgtbrgb pbdbjmrgebdb.

Hb krlbdgzbegõd pbdbjmrgebdb am sbhua (K^U) y mh Jgdgstmrgk Am Hb ^rktmeegõd Ukegbh

mhbikrbd mh akeujmdtk sgtubegõd am sbhua md Ekhkjigb, su ki`mtgvk ms prmsmdtbr ud ekd`udtk
jêdgjk mstbdabrgzbak am abtks m gdfkrjbegõd akeujmdtbab dmemsbrgb pbrb mstbihmemr hb
sgtubegõd am sbhua am ud pbês y am mstb jbdmrb pkamr utghgzbr msks abtks md phbdgfgebegõd,
m`meuegõd y ekdtrkh am rgmslks.

KI@MQGVKU ^YGDEG^BHMU
Hks gdagebakrms rmlgkdbhms Iâsgeks md sbhua tgmdmd hks sglugmdtms prkpõsgtks0
  Krgmdtbr hb ekdaueegõd pkhêtgek-mstrbtçlgeb
pkhêtgek-mstrbtçlgeb
 Fbeghgtbr mh mstbihmegjgmdtk am prgkrgabams pbrb hb beegõd md mh smetkr am hb sbhua
  Fkrtbhmemr hb mvbhubegõd y mh b`ustm am hb ekkpmrbegõd tçedgeb md ebab udk am hks
 pbêsms y prklrbjbs, rmamfgdgmdak
r mamfgdgmdak sus prgkrgabams, mstrbtmlgbs am beegõd y bsgldbegõd
am rmeursks
 Bpkybr b hks pbêsms md hb prmpbrbegõd am mstrbtmlgbs am gdvmrsgõd k am prklrbjbs
mspmegbhms krgmdtbaks bh amsbrrkhhk am pkhêtgebs k smrvgegks am sbhua, bsê ekjk b hb
 prmvmdegõd y ekdtrkh
ekdtrkh am prkihmjbs am sbhua mspm
mspmeêfgeks
eêfgeks
 Fbeghgtbr hb jkvghgzbegõd am rmeursks fgdbdegmrks?
 Krgmdtbr hb amfgdgegõd am prgkrgabams am gdvmstglbegõd

9
 

  Agvuhlbr pmrgõagebjmdtm gdfkrjms skirm hbs tmdamdegbs am hb sgtubegõd am sbhua md

ebab udk am hks pbêsms y md hb Ymlgõd, amdtrk am jbreks bdbhêtgeks amfgdgaks pkr sus
jbdabtks, tbhms ekjk hks am Ubhua pbrb Qkaks y Ymdkvbegõd am Ubhua pbrb Qkaks.

Hks gdagebakrms iâsgeks smhmeegkdbaks irgdabd hb gdfkrjbegõd jâs betubhgzbab qum mstâ
agspkdgihm md fumdtms am abtks am akjgdgk pðihgek. Hb gdfkrjbegõd sm prmsmdtb md egfrbs
dbegkdbhms y amsblrmlbabs pkr ampbrtbjmdtks y agstrgtks, md egdek lrupks am gdagebakrms0
amjkl
amjklrâf
râfgek
geks,
s, skegkm
skegkmekd
ekdõjg
õjgek
eks,
s, jkr
jkrtbh
tbhgab
gaba,
a, jkrigh
jkrighgab
gaba,
a, fbetkr
fbetkrms
ms am rgmslk
rgmslk,, kfm
kfmrtb
rtb am
smrvgegks am sbhua y smlurgaba skegbh. ^brb jm`kr ekjprmdsgõd am hb gdfkrjbegõd prmsmdtbab
sm blrmlbd hbs amfgdgegkdms y ekjmdtbrgks am bhludks gdagebakrms.

Hb gdfkrjbegõd amh sgstmjb sm agvgam md 6 ebtmlkrêbs hbs eubhms skd0

2- AMJKLYÂFGEKU? Uu ki`mtk ms hb phbdgfgebegõd y lmstgõd sbdgtbrgb, bsê ekjk pkamr 

rmbhgzbr hb prmvgsgõd b ekrtk y jmagbdk phbzk.
^brb mstm gdagebakr sm tgmdm md eumdtb0
- Hb tb
tbsb
sb am ermegjgm
ermegjgmdtk
dtk pk
pkihbe
ihbegkdb
gkdbhh md hb qum hhks
ks ab
abtks
tks utghgz
utghgzbaks
baks skd
skd hks
hks dbegjgm
dbegjgmdtks
dtks y
hbs amfudegkdms md udb pkihbegõd.
- Hb amd
amdsga
sgaba
ba pkihbe
pkihbegkd
gkdbh
bh qum sm kitgmdm
kitgmdm am
amhh dðjmr
dðjmrkk am cbigt
cbigtbdt
bdtms
ms skirm
skirm hb supm
supmrfg
rfgegm
egm
tktbh md oghõjmtrks eubarbaks.
- Ampmdamdegb amjklrâfgeb, sujb am dðjmrk am pmrskdbs ampmdagmdtms
mekdõjgebjmdtm
mekdõjgebjmdtm pkr ebab 2>> pmrskdbs prkauetgvbs md ud pmrgkak am tgmjpk.
- Qbs
Qbsbb irut
irutbb am dbt
dbtbhg
bhgaba
aba hb eu
eubh
bh sm ki
kitgm
tgmdm
dm am ag
agvga
vgagr
gr mh dðjmrk
dðjmrk am dbeg
dbegaks
aks vgvk
vgvkss md
udb pkihbegõd md ud bòk mspmeêfgek y hb pkihbegõd tktbh b jgtba am bòks pbrb mh jgsjk
bòk y humlk juhtgphgebr pkr 2>>>.
- Qbs
Qbsbb irut
irutbb am jkrt
jkrtbhg
bhgaba
aba,, dðjm
dðjmrk
rk am amf
amfude
udegkd
gkdms
ms am udb pkihb
pkihbegõ
egõdd aurbdtm
aurbdtm ud bòk
bòk
mspmeêfgek y hb pkihbegõd tktbh b jgtba am bòk pbrb mh jgsjk bòk, usubhjmdtm
juhtgphgebak pkr 2>>>.
- Msp
Mspmrb
mrbdzb
dzb am vvgab
gab bh db
dbemr
emr,, dðjm
dðjmrk
rk am bò
bòks
ks qu
qumm sm mspmrb
mspmrb vgvgr
vgvgrêb
êb ud rmegçd
rmegçd dbega
dbegakk
tmdgmdak md eumdtb qum md mh trbdseursk am su vgab mstuvgmrb mxpumstk b hbs tbsbs am
jkrtbhgaba mspmeêfgebs pkr maba y smxk md mh pmrgkak am su dbegjgmdtk, pbrb ud bòk
mspmeêfgek, tmrrgtkrgk k ârmb lmklrâfgeb.

5
 

- Qbs
Qbsbb lhki
lhkibh
bh am fme
fmeuda
udagab
gaba,
a, dðj
dðjmrk
mrk ms
mspm
pmrba
rbakk am cg`k
cg`kss qum tmdarê
tmdarêbb udb ju`mr,
ju`mr, sg md su
vgab mxpmrgjmdtbrâ hbs tbsbs am fmeudagaba mspmeêfgebs pbrb maba prmvbhmdtm, bòk y
 pbês, tmrrgtkrgk ârmb amjklrâfgeb.
amjklrâfgeb.

9. UKEGKMEKDÕJGEKU0 Mstks sgrvmd pbrb vbhkrbr y eubdtgfgebr su rmhbegõd ekd hks

 prkihmjbs am sbhua
sbhua y amtmetb
amtmetbrr amsglubhabam
amsglubhabamss md sbhua.
- Qbs
Qbsbb am bdb
bdbhfb
hfbim
imtgsj
tgsjkk md ckj
ckjirm
irm y ju
ju`mr
`mrms,
ms, ddðjm
ðjmrk
rk am pmrsk
pmrskdbs
dbs am
am 2= bòk
bòkss k jâs
qum dk sbimd hmmr skirm dðjmrk am pkihbegõd am 2= bòks k jâs.
- Hêd
Hêdmb am pkirm
kirmzzb, jk
jkdt
dtkk am gdlr
gdlrmmsk ekd mh eub
ubhh eb
ebaab ckl
klbbr hk
hkllrb su
supphg
hgrr hb
hbss
dmemsgabamss am ebab jgmjirk.
dmemsgabam
- Qbs
Qbsbb am ams
amsmj
mjphm
phmk,
k, pk
pkihb
ihbegõ
egõdd ams
amske
keupb
upbab
ab Vs pk
pkihb
ihbegõ
egõdd betgvb
betgvb..
- Qb
Qbsb
sb am suim
suimjp
jphm
hmk,
k, rmsu
rmsuht
htba
bakk am agv
agvga
gagr
gr dð
dðjm
jmrk
rk am pmrsk
pmrskdb
dbss ke
keup
upba
babs
bs hbs eu
eubh
bhms
ms
qugsgmrbd trbib`br jâs tgmjpk y hbs pmrskdbs keupbabs tgmjpk ekjphmtk.

- Gd
Gdlr
lrms
mskk pmr
pmr eâpg
eâpgtb
tb y fbjg
fbjghg
hgb,
b, ekd mst
mstmm eâhe
eâheuh
uhkk sm prk
prkeu
eurb
rb ekdke
ekdkemr
mr euâdt
euâdtkk rm
rmeg
egim
im am
gdlrmsk ebab pmrskdb pbrb suisgstgr, gdlrmsk dbegkdbh skirm pkihbegõd tktbh.
- Dð
Dðj
jmrk am cg`k
cg`kss y tbjb
tbjbòòk fbj
fbjghgb
ghgbr,
r, amfg
fgddga
gakk ekjk mh prk
rkau
aueetk am hb tb
tbssb am
supmrvgvmdegb y mh dðjmrk am dbegjgmdtks mspmrbaks.
- Qbsb mspm
mspmeêfge
eêfgebb am ffmeud
meudagab
agabaa am j
ju`mrm
u`mrmss mdtr
mdtrmm 2= b 27 bòks,
bòks, dðjmr
dðjmrkk am cg`ks
cg`ks dbega
dbegaks
ks
vgvks md ju`mrms mdtrm 2= y 27 bòks aurbdtm ud bòk abak pbrb ud amtmrjgdbak pbês
tmrrgtkrgk k ârmb amjklrâfgeb.
- Qb
Qbsb
sb am am
amsm
smre
regõ
gõdd mmse
sekh
khbr
br..
- Qbs
Qbsbb am amsm
amsmreg
regõd
õd msekhb
msekhbr,
r, ^kre
^kremdt
mdtb`m
b`m am jbt
jbtrge
rgeuhb
uhbaks
aks qum
qum bibdakd
bibdakdbd
bd hb mseumhb
mseumhb am

ebab 2>> gdsergtks.

- Qb
Qbsb
sb am vgkh
vgkhmd
mdeg
egbb fbjg
fbjghg
hgbr
br,, rmsu
rmsuht
htba
bakk am dðjmr
dðjmrkk tk
tktb
tbhh am amdud
amdudeg
egbs
bs pk
pkrr vg
vgkh
khmd
mdeg
egbb
fbjghgbr, gdtrbfbjghgbr, akjçstgeb? rmlgstrbaks y mh tktbh am hb pkihbegõd b jgtba amh
 pmrgkak pbrb ud bòk
bòk y ârmb am
amjklrâfgeb
jklrâfgeb amtmrjgdb
amtmrjgdbaks
aks pkr ebab 2>
2>>>>>
>>>> cbigtbdtms
cbigtbdtms
- Dgòk
Dgòkss bibd
bibdak
akdb
dbak
aks,
s, mdtmd
mdtmdag
agak
ak ams
amsam
am mh pu
pudt
dtkk am vgstb
vgstb am am
amse
seug
ugak
ak md eu
eubd
bdtk
tk b
bhgjmdtbegõd, cglgmdm, pbòbhgtgs, vmstubrgk, amsdutrgegõd, jmagebjmdtks mte.

5. JKYQBHGABA0 
Mstb mdtrbab prkpkregkdb mh prkjmagk bdubh am jumrtms aurbdtm ud bòk pkr ebab 2,>>>

cbigtbdtms b jmagbaks am bòk? tbjigçd ekdkegak ekjk tbsb am jkrtbhgaba eruab. Hb tbsb am

1
 

jkrtbhgaba, sg igmd skhk ms ud gdagebakr bprkxgjbak am hb sgtubegõd am hb jkrtbhgaba md

dumstrk pbês, gdageb ekd prmegsgõd mh gjpbetk am hb jkrtbhgaba betubh skirm mh ermegjgmdtk am
hb pkihbegõd. Mstm gdagebakr sm vm sgldgfgebtgvbjmdtm bfmetbak pkr hb agstrgiuegõd pkr maba, y
hb jbykrêb am hbs rmlgkdms fgdbhjmdtm jkstrbrâd ud bujmdtk md hb tbsb am jkrtbhgaba lmdmrbh,

b pmsbr amh amsemdsk ekdtgduk am hb jkrtbhgaba md tkabs hbs mabams, yb qum hb agsjgduegõd am
hb fmrtghgaba ab ekjk rmsuhtbak udb pkihbegõd qum mdvm`mem.
^brb mstks gdagebakrms sm tgmdmd md eumdtb0
- Maba.
- Umxk.
- Ymlgõd amh pbês.
- Bd
Bdtm
tmem
emam
amdt
dtms
ms pb
pbtk
tkhõ
hõlg
lgek
eks.
s.
- Bd
Bdtm
tmem
emam
amdt
dtms
ms fbjg
fbjghg
hgbr
brms
ms..

1. JKYI
JKYIGHGA
GHGABA0
BA0  gdageb
gdagebakr
akrms
ms mpgam
mpgamjgk
jgkhõl
hõlgek
gekss qum jga
jgamm mh rgmslk
rgmslk am ekdtrb
ekdtrbmr
mr udb
mdfmrjmaba md ud tgmjpk y pkihbegõd mspmeêfgeb W FBEQKYMU AM YGMULK0 ekdtrgiuym am
jbdmrb sustbdegbh b hb jkrigjkrtbhgaba am hbs mdfmrjmabams
mdfmrjmabams dk trbdsjgsgihms.

=. AM YME]YUKU UMYVGEGKU W EKIMYQ]YB 0 ms hb bsgstmdegb jçagek - sbdgtbrgb qum

gdehuym 5 ehbsms am igmdms y smrvgegks agfmrmdtms.
2. jça
jçagek
geks,
s, kak
kakdtk
dtkhõl
hõlgek
gek y buxgh
buxghgbr
gbrms.
ms.
9. jma
jmageb
gebjm
jmdtk
dtkss smrvge
smrvgegks
gks cksp
ckspgtb
gtbhbr
hbrgks
gks,, bam
bamjâs
jâs am hb beemsg
beemsgigh
ighgab
gaba,
a, eb
ebhga
hgaba
ba am hb
bsgstmdegb y ekimrturb.

6. FBEQKYMU AM YGMULK0 Amfgdm hb keurrmdegb am udb mdfmrjmaba k am ktrk mvmdtk

rmhbegkdbak ekd hb sbhua.

»W mdtkdems quç ms ud jkamhk am sgstmjb mstâdabr;

Ms ud prkemagjgmdtk md mh eubh sm gdekrpkrbd agstgdtks sgstmjbs am gdfkrjbegõd y sm
gjpuhsbd kpmrbegkdms pbrb fbeghgtbr y krlbdgzbr hbs mxgstmdegbs am abtks amjklrâfgeks, skegk
mekd
mekdõj
õjge
geks
ks am jkrtb
jkrtbhg
hgab
abaa y am be
beem
emsk
sk b hk
hkss sm
smrv
rvge
gegk
gkss am sb
sbhu
huaa md mh pb
pbês
ês,, eu
euyk
yk rk
rkhh
kismrvbtkrgk ms ekjprkibr su ebhgaba y rmpkrtbrhks ekd ekdfkrjgaba b hb gdgegbtgvb am abtks

 iâsgeks md sbhua.
sbhua.

=
 

»Euâhms skd sus fudegkdms;

○ ^r
^rkj
kjkv
kvmr
mr hb gdtmlr
gdtmlrbe
begõ
gõdd am fumd
fumdtm
tmss am gdfk
gdfkrj
rjbe
begõ
gõdd ek
ekdd ab
abtk
tkss pb
pbrb
rb mh eâ
eâhe
heuh
uhkk am
gdagebakrms iâsgeks amdtrk amh sgstmjb am gdfkrjbegõd.
○ Mxtrb
Mxtrbmr
mr abtks
abtks am agfm
agfmrmdtm
rmdtmss fumdt
fumdtms
ms pbrb bujm
bujmdtbr
dtbr hb gdfkrjb
gdfkrjbegõd
egõd skirm
skirm hks GIU
GIU pbrb mh
mh

 pbês.
○ ^rkjk
^rkjkvmr
vmr gderm
gdermjmdt
jmdtkk am mvga
mvgamdeg
mdegbb md sbhu
sbhuaa pbr
pbrbb mh pbês.
pbês.
○ Jkdgt
Jkdgtkrmb
krmbrr ebjig
ebjigks,
ks, ekj
ekjpkrtb
pkrtbjgmdt
jgmdtks
ks y tmda
tmdamde
mdegbs
gbs am hks GIU
GIU md sus = agjmds
agjmdsgkdm
gkdms.
s.
○ Gdfkrj
Gdfkrjbr
br su amsbrrkhhk
amsbrrkhhk,, bphg
bphgebeg
ebegõd
õd y eekjpk
kjpkrtbjg
rtbjgmdtk
mdtk am
am pkhêtgeb
pkhêtgebs.
s.
○ Umlu
Umlugr
gr ekjp
ekjpkrtbj
krtbjgmdtk
gmdtk aamm hb kfm
kfmrtb
rtb sb
sbdgtbr
dgtbrgb
gb y am hhks
ks smrvgegk
smrvgegkss am sbhua.
sbhua.
○ Ekju
Ekjudgeb
dgebrr mvgamd
mvgamdegb
egb lmdm
lmdmrbab
rbab am rmsuh
rmsuhtbak
tbakss aamm GIU.
GIU.

  9. B^BYQBAK EK
EKD
D BU^MEQKU
BU^MEQKU F]DABJMD
F]DABJMDQBHMU
QBHMU

2. Gdagebakr am jkrtbhgaba
Um kitgmdm am hb rmhbegõd mdtrm mh dðjmrk am amfudegkdms keurrgabs md ud pmrêkak am tgmjpk
amtmrjgdbak (lmdmrbhjmdtm ud bòk) y udb mstgjbegõd am hb pkihbegõd mxpumstb bh rgmslk am
jkrgr md mh jgsjk pmrêkak.
Gdag
Gdageb
ebak
akrm
rmss am ms
mstr
true
uetu
turb
rb00 Mv
Mvbh
bhðb
ðbdd hb ms
mstr
true
uetu
turb
rb am
amhh pr
prkl
klrb
rbjb
jb md tç
tçrj
rjgd
gdks
ks am hb
agspkdgighgaba am hks rmeursks, sgd qum mstk gjphgqum khvgabrsm am su kpkrtudgaba.
Mdtrm çstks sm eumdtbd hks gdagebakrms rmhbegkdbaks ekd hb pkhêtgeb, mh rmeursk cujbdk, mh
rmeursk fgdbdegmrk, hks rmeursks tçedgeks, mdtrm ktrks. Hk bdtmrgkr pmrjgtm ekdehugr sg hks
rmeursks agspkdgihms bh gdgegk amh prklrbjb pmrjgtgmrkd btmdamr hbs dmemsgabams y amjbdabs

am hb pkihbegõd trbib`bakrb y pkr hk tbdtk hks rmsuhtbaks mspmrbaks.

9. Gdagebakrms am prkemsk y m`meuegõd  

Mh prkemsk k m`meuegõd sm mvbhðb b trbvçs am gdagebakrms y ergtmrgks qum jumstrbd mh lrbak am
amsbrrkhhk bhebdzbak amh prklrbjb, bsê ekjk hb prkpkregõd am eujphgjgmdtk rmspmetk b hk
 prklrbjbak bh gdgegk amh pmrêkak. Mdtrm ktrks, sm bdbhgzbd
bdbhgzbd hks rmhbegkdbaks ekd hb gdtmlrbhgaba
gdtmlrbhgaba
am hbs beegkdms pbrb mh agbldõstgek, hb phbdmbegõd
phbdmbegõd,, bsê ekjk mh lrbak am gdtmrvmdegõd skirm hbs
ekdagegkdms am trbib`k y am sbhua.

6
 

5. Gdagebakrms am gjpbetk
Mstks jgamd hks rmsuhtbaks amh prklrbjb am sbhua keupbegkdb
keupbegkdbhh md rmhbegõd ekd hbs ekdagegkdms
am trbib`k y am sbhua aurbdtm mh pmrêkak am gdtmrçs. ^brb tbh mfmetk sm tgmdmd md eumdtb hbs
vbrgbegkdms tbdtk md hb prkpkregõd am pmrskdbs mxpumstbs b hks fbetkrms am rgmslk prgkrgtbrgks,

ekjk md hks gdagebakrms am beegamdtbhgaba, mdfmrjmaba prkfmsgkdbh y busmdtgsjk.

HMW 2153 AM 9>>22

–‗Mstb hmy tgmdm ekjk ki`mtk mh fkrtbhmegmdak amh sgstmjb lmdmrbh am smlurgaba skegbh md sbhua
b trbvçs am ud jkamhk am prmstbegõd amh smrvgegk pðihgek md sbhua‚

Krgmdtbegõd amh sgstmjb lmdmrbh am smlurgaba skegbh md sbhua

Mstbrâ krgmdtbak b lmdmrbr ekdagegkdms qum prktm`bd hb sbhua am hks ekhkjigbdks, sgmdak mh
 igmdmstbr amh usubrgk mh m`m emdtrbh y mh dðehmk brtgeuhbakr am hbs pkhêtgebs md sbhua. ^brb mstk

ekdeurrgrâd beegkdms am hb sbhua pðihgeb, prkjkegõd am hb sbhua, prmvmdegõd am hb mdfmrjmaba

y bamjâs prmstbegkdms qum, md mh jbrek am udb mstrbtmlgb am btmdegõd prgjbrgb md sbhua, smbd
dmemsbrgbs pbrb prkjkvmr am jbdmrb ekdstbdtm hb sbhua am hb pkihbegõd.

^brb abr eujphgjgmdtk, mh lkigmrdk dbegkdbh amfgdgrâ jmtbs m gdagebakrms am rmsuhtbaks

md sbhua qum mstbrâd ibsbaks md ergtmrgks tçedgeks, qum ekjk jêdgjk gdehugrâd
 ^rmvbhmdegb m gdagebakrms md jkrighgaba y jkrtbhgaba jbtmrdb pmrgdbtbh m gdfbdtgh.
 Gdegamdegb am hbs mdfmrjmabams am gdtmrçs md sbhua pðihgeb.
 Gdegamdegb am mdfmrjmabams erõdgebs dk trbdsjgsgihms y md lmdmrbh hbs prmeurskrbs am

mvmdtks am bhtk ekstk.

 Gd
Gdeegam
gamdegb
egb am mdfmrj fmrjma
mabbams
ams prmv
rmvbhmdt
hmdtmms tr
trbbdsjgs
sjgsgi
gihm
hmss gd
gdeehu
huym
ymddak hb
hbss
gdjudkprmvmdgihms.

<
 

^rgdegpgks
 ]dgvmrsbhgaba
 Ukhgabrgaba
 Glubhaba

 Kihglbtkrgmaba
 ^rmvbhmdegb am amrmecks
 Mdfkqum agfmrmdegbh
 Mqugaba
 Ebhgaba
 Mfgegmdegb
 ^brtgegpbegõd skegbh
 ^rklrmsgvgaba
 Hgirm mseklmdegb

 Grrmdudegbighgaba
 Gdtmrsmetkrgbhgaba
 ^rmvmdegõd
 Ekdtgdugaba
 Ukstmdgighgaba
 Qrbdspbrmdegb

Btmdegõd ^rgjbrgb
Ms hb mstrbtmlgb am ekkragdbegõd gdtmrsmetkrgbh qum pmrjgtm hb btmdegõd gdtmlrbh m gdtmlrbab,

amsam hb sbhua pðihgeb, hb prkjkegõd am hb sbhua, hb prmvmdegõd am hb mdfmrjmaba, mh

agbldkstgek, mh trbtbjgmdtk, hb rmcbighgtbegõd amh pbegmdtm md tkaks hks dgvmhms am ekjphm`gaba
b fg
fgdd am lbrb
lbrbdt
dtgz
gzbr
br ud jb
jbyk
ykrr dg
dgvm
vmhh am igmd
igmdms
mstb
tbrr md hk
hkss us
usub
ubrgk
rgks,
s, sg
sgdd pm
pmr`
r`ug
ugeg
egkk am hb
hbss
ekjpmtmdegbs hmlbhms am ebab udk am hks betkrms amh sgstmjb lmdmrbh am smlurgaba skegbh md
sbhua.

^rgdegpgks
 ]dgvmrsbhgaba
 Gdtmreuhturbhgaba

 Glubhaba y mdfkqum agfmrmdegbh

 Btmdegõd gdtmlrbh m gdtmlrbab
3
 

 Beegõd gdtmrsmetkrgbh pkr hb sbhua

 ^brtgegpbegõd skegbh ekjudgtbrgb
 Ebhgaba
 Ukstmdgighgaba

 Mfgegmdegb
 Qrbdspbrmdegb
 ^rklrmsgvgaba
 Grrmvmrsgighgaba

Gjphmjmdtbegõd am hb btmdegõd prgjbrgb md sbhua

 Çdfbsgs md hb prkjkegõd am hb sbhua y prmvmdegõd am hb mdfmrjmaba.
 Beegkdms gdtmrsmetkrgbhms pbrb gjpbetbr hks amtmrjgdbdtms md sbhua.
 Euhturb amh butkeugabak
butkeugabak..

 Krgmdtbegõd gdagvgaubh, fbjghgbr y ekjudgtbrgb.

 Btmdegõd gdagvgaubh, gdtmlrbh, gdtmlrbab y ekdtgdub.
 Gdtmre
Gdtmreuht
uhturb
urbhga
hgaba,
ba, qum gde
gdehuy
huymm mdt
mdtrm
rm ktr
ktrks
ks mhm
mhmjm
jmdtk
dtkss am prâetg
prâetgebs
ebs trb
trbage
agegkd
gkdbhm
bhms,
s,
bhtmrdbtgvbs y ekjphmjmdtbrgbs pbrb hb btmdegõd md sbhua.
 Qbhmdtk cujbdk krlbdgzbak md mqugpks juhtgagsegphgdbrgks, jktgvbak sufgegmdtm y
eubhgfgebak.
 Fkrtbhmegmdak am hb ib`b ekjphm`gaba pbrb jm`krbr hb rmskhutgvgaba.
 ^brtgegpbegõd betgvb am hb ekjudgaba.
 Mdfkqum tmrrgtkrgbh.

Ki`mtgvks am amsbrrkhhk skstmdgihm

2. MYYBAGEBY HB ^KIYMPB MD QKABU U]U FKYJBU

Mh prgdegpbh rmtk ms bebibr ekd hb pkirmzb mxtrmjb. Mstk sgldgfgeb qum dbagm md mh judak vgvb
ekd jmdks am 2,9= aõhbrms bh aêb md 9>5>.
Gdermjmdtbr hb mfgegmdegb y mfmetgvgaba amh sgstmjb dbegkdbh am sbhua.

9. ^KDMY FGD BH CBJIYM ^YKJKVGMDAK ]DB D]QYGEGÕD UBH]ABIHM

Um prmtmdam mrrbagebr mh cbjirm md judak, qum betubhjmdtm pbamemd 3>> jghhkdms am

 pmrskdbs, y bsmlurbr qum tka
tkaks
ks md mh judak tmdlbd beem
beemsk
sk b bhgjmdtks tkak
tkak mh bòk.

7
 

Gdermjmdtbr mh beemsk am hb pkihbegõd b smrvgegks am sbhua.

5. LBYBDQGPBY ]DB VGAB UBDB W ^YKJKVMY MH IGMDMUQBY MD QKABU

HBU MABAMU.

Ymauegr hb jkrtbhgaba jbtmrdb m gdfbdtgh sglum sgmdak ud rmtk emdtrbh md hb dumvb blmdab.
Qbjigçd sm ekdtmjphb hb dmemsgaba am hklrbr hb ekimrturb sbdgtbrgb udgvmrsbh.
Gdermjmdtbr hb vglghbdegb, hb rmluhbegõd, hb prkjkegõd y prmvmdegõd am hb sbhua.

1. LBYBDQGPBY ]DB MA]EBEGÕD GDEH]UGVB, MR]GQBQGVB W AM EBHGABA

W ^YK
^YKJKV
JKVMY
MY K^KYQ]
K^KYQ]DGA
DGABAM
BAMU
U AM B^Y
B^YMDA
MDAGPB
GPB@M
@M A]Y
A]YBDQ
BDQMM QKAB
QKAB HB
VGAB.

Rum tkabs hbs dgòbs y hks dgòks tmdlbd udb mdsmòbdzb prgjbrgb y smeudabrgb ekjphmtb,
lrbtug
lrbtugtb,
tb, mq
mqugt
ugtbtg
btgvb
vb y am eb
ebhga
hgaba
ba qum prk
prkauz
auzeb
eb rmsuht
rmsuhtba
baks
ks am bpbprmd
rmdagz
agzb`m
b`mss pmrtgd
pmrtgdmd
mdtms
tms y
mfmetgvks.
Gdermjmdtbr hb sbtgsfbeegõd am hks eguababdks ekd rmspmetk b hks smrvgegks am sbhua.

=. BHEBDPBY HB GL]BHABA AM LÇDMYK W MH MJ^KAMYBJGMDQK AM

QKABU HBU J]@MYMU W DGÒBU

^kdmr fgd b tkabs hbs fkrjbs am agsergjgdbegõd y vgkhmdegb am lçdmrk, bsê ekjk mrrbagebr 
 prâetgebs dkegvbs,
dkegvbs, ekjk mh jb
jbtrgjkdgk
trgjkdgk gdfbdtgh y fkrzbak k hb jutghbegõd lmdgtb
lmdgtbhh fmjmdgdb.
Gdermjmdtbr hbs ebpbegabams y ekjpmtmdegbs amh tbhmdtk cujbdk.

6. LBYBDQGPBY B QKAKU MH BEEMUK B ]DB MDMYLÊB BUMR]GIHM, FGBIHM,

UKUQMDGIHM W JKAMYDB

Um iuse
iusebb qum
gdermjmdtbrqumhmpkremdtb`m
bujm
bujmdt
dtmd
mdamhbs
hbhbs mdmrlêb
pmrs
pmrskd
kdbs
bs ekd
ekd be
beem
ekdsujgabemsk
sk prkemam
qum b fu
fumd
mdtm
tms
ams fumdtms
am md
mdmr
mrlê
lêbb bs
bsmq
mqug
ugih
rmdkvbihms. ihms
ms,, m
Gdermjmdtbr mh usk mfgegmdtm amh prmsupumstk.

<. YMA]EGY HB AMUGL]BHABA AMDQYK W MDQYM ^BÊUMU

Mstm ki`mtgvk dk skhk hhbjb b rmauegr hb irmecb mdtrm pbêsms rgeks y pkirms, cbegmdak qum mstks
ðhtgjks jm`krmd su sgtubegõd mekdõjgeb? sgdk qum tbjigçd gdehuym udb jmtb pbrb huecbr 
ekdtrb hb amsglubhaba mdtrm hb ehbsm skegkmekdõjgeb jâs bhtb y hb jâs ib`b am hks pbêsms
amsbrrkhhbaks.
Gdermjmdtbr hb mfgegmdegb y mfmetgvgaba am hbs betgvgabams kpmrbegkdbhms amh jgdgstmrgk am
sbhua pðihgeb y mdtgabams basergtbs.

2>
 

3. HKLYBY R]M HBU EG]ABAMU W HKU BUMDQBJGMDQKU C]JBDKU UMBD

GDEH]UGVKU, UML]YKU, YMUGHGMDQMU W UKUQMDGIHMU

Gdehuym bsmlurbr mh beemsk b vgvgmdabs y smrvgegks iâsgeks, jm`krbr hks ibrrgks jbrlgdbhms,
gjphmjmdtbr sgstmjbs am trbdspkrtm smlurks, mdtrm ktrbs jmagabs.
Gdermjmdtbr mh amsbrrkhhk am hb egmdegb y hb tmedkhklêb md ibsm b hbs prgkrgabams sbdgtbrgbs am
hb sbhua.

7. LBYBDQGPBY HB AGU^KDGIGHGABA AM BL]B W MH UBDMBJGMDQK ^BYB

QKAKU

Blub pbrb tkaks, pmrk beemsgihm y hgjpgb, hgirm am ekdtbjgdbegõd y lmstgkdbab am jbdmrb
skstmdgihm pbrb 9>5>.

2>. ^YKJKVMY MH EYMEGJGMDQK MEKDÕJGEK UKUQMDGAK, GDEH]UGVK W

UKUQMDGIHM, MH MJ^HMK ^HMDK W ^YKA]EQGVK, W MH QYBIB@K AMEMDQM
^BYB QKAKU

Mdtrm bhludks rmtks am mstm ki`mtgvk, sm prmtmdam qum tkak mh judak tmdlb ud mjphmk amemdtm
 pbrb 9>5>.

22.
22. EK
EKDU
DUQY
QY]G
]GY
Y GD
GDFY
FYBM
BMUQ
UQY]
Y]EQ
EQ]Y
]YBU
BU YMUG
YMUGHG
HGMD
MDQM
QMU,U, ^YKJ
^YKJKV
KVMY
MY HB
GDA]
GDA]UQ
UQYG
YGBH
BHGP
GPBE
BEGÕ
GÕD
D GDEH
GDEH]U
]UGV
GVB
B W UKUKUQ
UQMD
MDGI
GIHM
HM,, W FKJM
FKJMDQ
DQBY
BY HB
GDDKVBEGÕD

Mstm ki`mtgvk mstbihmem jmtbs juy lmdmrbhms qum skd, md amfgdgtgvb, hbs rmeklgabs md mh
mdudegbak, pmrk amsbrrkhhbabs.

29. EKDUMYVBY
JBYMU W ]QGHGPBY
W HKU YME]YUKU AM JBDMYB
JBYGDKU UKUQMDGIHM
^BYB MH HKU UKUQMDGIHM
AMUBYYKHHK KEÇBDKU, HKU

Bdtm ud tmjb tbd urlmdtm, mstm ki`mtgvk tgmdm udb fmecb am eujphgjgmdtk jâs tmjprbdb0 9>9>.
^brb msm bòk, sm iuseb prmvmdgr y rmauegr hb ekdtbjgdbegõd jbrgdb, rmauegr bh jêdgjk hks
mfmetks am hb begagfgebegõd am hks keçbdks y rmlhbjmdtbr hb betgvgaba pmsqumrb pbrb bsê rmauegr 
hb skirm mxphktbegõd.

25. LBYBDQGPBY JKABHGABAMU AM EKDU]JK W ^YKA]EEGÕD

UKUQMDGIHMU

Md mstm pudtk sm ekdtmjphb amsam rmauegr mh amspmragegk am bhgjmdtks k hb ebdtgaba am

amsmecks qum sm lmdmrbd, cbstb hb kramdbegõd y usk mfgegmdtm am hks rmeursks dbturbhms.

22
 

21. BAK
BAK^Q
^QBY
BY JMA MAGA
GABU
BU ]Y
]YL
LMD
MDQ
QMU ^BY
BYB
B EKJI
EKJIB
BQGY MH EBJI
EBJIGGK
EHGJÂQGEK W U]U MFMEQKU

Ekd mstm ki`mtgvk sm iuseb huecbr ekdtrb hbs beegkdms cujbdbs qum ekdtrgiuymd bh ebjigk
ehgjâtgek y, b su vmz, jgdgjgzbr su gjpbetk md hb vgab am hbs pmrskdbs.

2=.
2=. FKYQ
FKYQBH
BHME
MEMY
MY HKU
HKU JMAG
JMAGKU
KU AM M@MY
M@MYEG
EGKD
KD AM HKU
HKU KI@M
KI@MQG
QGVK
VKUU W
YMVGQBHGPBY HB BHGMDPB J]DAGBH ^BYB MH AMUBYYKHHK UKUQMDGIHM

Mstm ki`mtgvk rmeumrab mh ekjprkjgsk am amstgdbr mh >,< % amh ^GI b hb byuab bh amsbrrkhhk y
hhbjb b –‗jkvghgzbr rmeursks fgdbdegmrks bagegkdbhms prkemamdtms am jðhtgphms fumdtms‚ pbrb
hks pbêsms pkirms.

26. ^YK
YKJK
JKV
VMY UK
UKE
EGMAB
GMABAM
AMUU ^BE
BEÊÊFGE
GEBU
BU M GDEH
GDEH]U
]UGV
GVB
BU ^BYB
BYB MH
AMUBYYKHHK UKUQMDGIHM W FBEGHGQBY MH BEEMUK B HB @]UQGEGB

Bquê sm amstbebd0 rmauegr tkabs hbs fkrjbs am vgkhmdegb, pkdmr fgd bh jbhtrbtk, hb mxphktbegõd,
hb trbtb y hb tkrturb ekdtrb hks dgòks y dgòbs, y lbrbdtgzbr hb glubhaba am beemsk b hb `ustgegb.

2<. ^YKQMLMY, YMUQB]YBY W ^YKJKVMY MH ]UK UKUQGDGIHM AM HKU

MEKUGUQMJBU QMYYMUQYMU, MH JBDM@K UKUQMDGIHMU AM HKU IKUR]MU,
EKJIBQGY HB AMLYBABEGKD AM HB QGMYYB W AMQMDMY HB ^MYAGAB AM
IGKAGVMYUGABA

Mstm bdudegbak amsbrrkhhk dumvm jmtbs mdebjgdabs b amtmdmr y rmvmrtgr hb amlrbabegõd am hbs
tgmrrbs y pkdmr frmdk b hb pmragab am hb agvmrsgaba igkhõlgeb, euyk eujphgjgmdtk mstâ prmvgstb
 pbrb 9>9>.

29
 

Mvbhubegõd amh ^AU^ 9>29 ― 9>92

Ms ud pbetk skegbh y ud jbdabtk eguababdk qum amfgdm hb betubegõd brtgeuhbab mdtrm betkrms y
smetkrms pðihgeks, prgvbaks y ekjudgtbrgks pbrb ermbr ekdagegkdms qum lbrbdtgemd mh igmdmstbr 
gdtmlrbh y hb ebhgaba am vgab md Ekhkjigb.

 Hb ^hbdmbegõd Gdtmlrbh md Ubhua 0 pmrjgtm b hbs mdtgabams tmrrgtkrgbhms amfgdgr y

amsbrrkhhbr hbs beegkdms am fkrjuhbegõd, gjphmjmdtbegõd, jkdgtkrmk, mvbhubegõd y
rmdagegõd am eumdtbs amh ^hbd Qmrrgtkrgbh am Ubhua.

 Mh ^hbd Qmrrgtkrgbh am Ubhua0 ms mh gdstrujmd

gdstrujmdtk
tk mstrbtçlge
mstrbtçlgekk m gdagebtgvk
gdagebtgvk am pkhêtgeb
pkhêtgeb
 pðihgeb md sbhua, qum pmrjgtm b hbs mdtgabams
mdtgabams tmrrgtkrgbhms ekdtrgiugr ekd mh hklrk am hbs
jmtbs mstrbtçlgebs amh ^hbd Amemdbh am Ubhua ^ðihgeb.

 Hbs butkrgabam
butkrgabamss rmsp
rmspkdsb
kdsbihms
ihms0 ^hbd
^hbdmb
mbeg
egõd
õd Gd
Gdtm
tmlr
lrbh
bh md Ub
Ubhu
huaa sk
skdd mh Bh
Bheb
ebha
hamm k
Lkimrdbakr, hbs Bsbjihmbs ampbrtbjmdtbhms k Ekdem`ks judgegpbhms k agstrgtbhms,
smlðd ekrrmspkdab, hbs kfgegdbs k smermtbrêbs am ^hbdmbegõd y am sbhua y mh Ekdsm`k
Qmrrgtkrgbh
Qmrrgtkrgbh am ^hbdm
^hbdmbegõ
begõdd (brt 1 am hb Ymskhu
Ymskhuegõd
egõd 2=56
2=56 amh 9>2=). Hb fkrjuhbegõ
fkrjuhbegõdd
gdtmlrbh am ^hbd Qmrrgtkrgbh am Ubhua qum sm rmbhgzb b trbvçs am hb Mstrbtmlgb pbsm b hb
Mqugaba md Ubhua, ms vgdeuhbdtm ekd tkabs hbs pkhêtgebs dbegkdbhms y phbdtmb udb
smeumd
smeumdegb
egb hõl
hõlgeb
geb,, sgs
sgstmj
tmjâtg
âtgeb
eb y kra
kramdb
mdbab
ab am hks prk
prkem
emsks
sks,, jkjmd
jkjmdtks
tks,, pbs
pbsks
ks y
betgvgabams.

25
 

CKJIYM JBR]GDB JMAGK

BJIGMDQM
 Qks
 Fbtglb
 Agfgeuhtb
 Agfgeuhtba pbrb rmspgrbr 
 Ugighbdegbs
 Kprmsgõd md mh pmeck

Fbhtb am ebpbegtbegõd

BUJB
KE]^BEGKDBH

Fbhtb am krlbdgzbegkd am
Fb
Fbhhb
hhbss am gjph
gjphmj
mjmd
mdtk
tkss am trbib`k
trbib`k
^khvk, pmhusb, cujmaba, bgrm

Hb euhturb krlbdgzbegkdbh ms gdsufgegmdtm

Be
Betg
tgtu
tuaa dmlb
dmlbtg
tgvb
vb bh frmdtm bh eugabak amh trbib`bakr 
hbikrbh
Bhtbs am tmjpmrbturbs

Mh mdtk
mdtkrd
rdkk dk eumdeumdtbtb ekd
ekd
 Dk sm rmbhgzbd ekdtrkhms m mxtrbetkrms pbrb bgshbr mh jbtmrgbh
 Dk cby butkeugabak pkr pbrtm amh gdspmeegkdms prmvmdtgvbs qum prkvkeb hb mdfmrjmaba
trbib`bakr 

 Dk sm bphgebd jmagabs am Ebrmdegb am mxâjmdms jçageks

Lbs, skhvmdtms sm
smlu
lurga
rgaba
ba y ekdt
ekdtrk
rkhh ekjk
ekjk hkshks keup
keupbe
begk
gkdb
dbhm
hmss bh gdlr
gdlrms
mskk y
mhmjmdtks am prktmeegõd gdagvgaubh trbdseursk am su vgab hbikrbh

Gdbame
Gdbameub
ubab
ab prmp
prmpbr
brbe
begõ
gõdd am Gdeu
Gdeujp
jphg
hgjg
jgmd
mdtk
tk am hb hbss Ugd jmagab am smlurgaba
jmzehbs am pgdturbs gdstrueegkdms am kpmrbegõd y ekdtrkh

]tghgzbegõd am
cmrrbjgmdtbs Bu
Busmd
smdegb
egb am hks  Dk sm tkjbrkd hbs
amfmetuksbs jma
jmagab
gabss prmvmd
prmvmdtgv
tgvbs
bs
mpps frmdtm bh rgmslk

JBQMYGBHMU JMQKAK AM JMAGAB

QYBIB@K

MU^GDB AM ^MUEBAK bsjb keupbegkdbh

 Referencias

Colimón, K. Fundamentos de epidemiologia (3a.ed.). Bogotá: Ecoe Ediciones,

019 p.

Henquin, R. (2013). Epidemiologia y estadística para principiantes. Buenos aires