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ESCOLA NAUTICA
_.INFANTE D. HENRIQUE
MSI
-.-
NAViTEX
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MAN.UAL
DE GMDSS
Como Apoio da iniciativa Comunitaria
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MSI
NAvTEX
MANUAL
DE GMDSS
A Eguipa Tecnica
Ate ao seculo XIX, os salvarnentos s6 podiarn ser feitos por embarcacoes que
navegassem nas proximidades. Os pedidos de socorro eram enviados por transrnissao
senora e sinalizacao por bandeiras sendo o alcance muito limitado. 0 primeiro c6ciigo
internacicnal de sinais foi publicado,
·, '.
. em 1893, destinado prioritariamente na
Este aciclente e outros que lhe seguiram, foram a prova de que as radiocornunicacces
coristituem um meio internacional de socorro valiosissimo.
Nesse mesmo ano, foram feitas em Portugal, experiencias de TSF, com o navio
mercante Portugal. Seria no entanto o paquete Lisboa, o prirneiro navio da marinha
mercante equipado com uma estacao TSF. Na sua segunda viagern, afundou-se,
quando se encontrava junta da Cidade do Caba. Os tripulantes e passageiros foram
salvos pelo navio alemao Adolph Wouman, na sequencia do pedido de socorro, feito
pelo paquete Lisboa.
Tres anos mais tarde, em 1906, tambern em Berlim, realizou-se a primeira conferencia
internacional radiotelegrafica, desta vez com a participacao de 29 paises. Nesta reuniao
foi elaborada urna convern(fo radiotelegrafica e urn regulamento de
radiocomunicacoes. Nesta mesma convencao forarn adoptadas as letras SOS corno
chamada internacional de socorro: anteriormente usava-se o sinal CQD (Come Quick
Danger). Tambem ficou estabeleciclo que se devia dar prioridade absoluta a todas as
mensagens de socorro, que seriam efectuadas nas frequencias de 500 e 1000 kHz.
Tres meses ap6s este acidente, teve lugar, em Landres, uma nova conferencia
internacional de radio. A tragedia do Titanic, ainda viva na memoria de todos, teve
grande influencia nas decisces tomadas. Chegou-se a conclusao que, nas irnediacoes do
local do desastre, navegavam varies navios que pocleriam ter salvo todos OS naufragos,
se estivessem equipados com uma estacao Para alem disso, se o operador do navro
tambem ter prestado o seu auxilio. Passou-se a dar preferencia a frequencia de 500
kHz, para os pedidos de socorro.
Dois anos mais tarde, foi adoptada a prirneira convencao internacional da salvaguarda
da vida humana no mar SOLAS, que nao foi posta em pratica, devido a primeira
era destinada a todos os navios de passageiros e de carga com mais de 1600 TAB, que
radiotelefonia ea radiogoniometria.
Na decada dos anos 50, foi dado um grande impulse as radiocornunicacoes, com a
Entretanto, em 1948, por iniciativa das Nacoes Unidas, foi criacla a Organizacao
convencao, que so entrou em vigor dez anos mais tarde. A designacao anterior foi
Em 1959, teve lugar em Genebra (sede da UIT), uma conferencia Adrninistrativa das
versao da convencao, que passou a designar-se por SOLAS 74. Ficaram estabelecidos,
entre outros pontos: a escuta na frequencia radiotelef6nica de socorro (2182 kHz) nos
Enquanto a IMO foi modificando as convencces SOLAS, tendo como objectivo torna-
Em 1978, numa conferencia <la IMO, foi criada a primeira Convencao Internacional
sobre Normas de Formacao, de Certificacao e Service de Quartos para os Maritimos,
STCW. Esta convencao estabeleceu, pela primeira vez, as normas minimas exigidas
internacionalmente para as tripulacoes.
cornunicacces tern sido a principal preocupacao das autoridades que tern a seu cargo a
busca e salvamento. Foi essa preccupacao que levou a criacao de um novo sistema de
socorro e seguranca maritirnos, mais eficaz que o actual.
Podemos pois concluir, que o GI\1DSS foi concebido para, aplicando as inovacoes
tecnologicas no canipo das radiocomunicacoes, superar as deficiencies do sisterna
tradicional, que se baseia numa combinacao de radiotelegrafia e radiotelefonia.
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CAPITULO II
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\ \, ·.
A chamada selectiva digital DSC (Digital iSelective Call), tambem designada por
chamada numerica selectiva, constitui uma parte muito importante do GMDSS, sendo
utilizada para a transmissao de alertas de socorro de navios e para a transmissao dos
recebidos de alertas a partir das estacoes costeiras, ou de navios caso nenhuma estacao
costeira de o recebido. E tambern utilizado pelos navies e estacoes costeiras para a
retransmissao de alertas de socorro e para a transmissao de mensagens de urgencia e
de seguranca mantima. Um receptor de DSC dedicado e necessario para manter escuta
continua na frequencia ou nas frequencies de socorro, consoante as zonas em quc o
navio se encontre a operar.
Cada chamada selectiva digital consiste num pacote de informacao digitalizada com
uma de quatro possfveis prioridades-:~corro, urgencia, seguranca e retina. As
mensagens podem ser enderecadas a todas as estacoes, a um grupo de estacoes, ou
apenas a uma estacao. Para tal cada estacao possui pelo menos um codigo de
identificacao de charnada selectiva, normalmente designado por MMSI (Maritime
Mobile Selective-call identify).
A chamada numerica selectiva e um sistema sfncrono que utiliza urn c6digo de dez
bits com dereccao e correccao de erros, sendo cada caracter transmitido duas vezes. A
informacao na chamada consiste na combinacao de sequencias de sete bits cada. E um
sistema de cornunicacao telegrafica, mas que difere do telex, uma vez que nao possui a
via de retorno pennanente para a repeticao de caracteres mal recebidos.
·. !
Os procedimentos para as comunicacoes e{n, DSC tanto em VHF como em MF sao
bastante sernelhantes, no entanto para as comunicacoes em HF existern algumas
diferencas que sao explicadas mais adiante.
Nota : MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity), constitufdo por 9 algarismos que identificam uma
estacao/navio ou conj unto de estacoes/navios; MID (Maritime Identification Digits) sao os 3 primeiros
digitos do MMSI que identificarn a nacionalidade da estacao/navio.
I:1:
I·
I.
2.1.2 COMUNICA(:OES DE SOCORRO EM DSC
I;
2.1.2.1 TRANSMISSAO DO ALERTA DE SOCORRO EM DSC
0 alerta de socorro em DSC deve tan to quanto possf vel incluir a ultima posicao do
navio conhecida e o tempo (UTC) referente a obtencao dessa posicao, A posicao e o
tempo podem ser actualizados automaticamente pelos equipamentos de
posicionamento do navio, ou pode ser introduzida manualmente.
' \\ '•
Nota: Alguns crnissores maritimos de radiotelefonia em MF devem de ser sintonizados nurna frequencia 1700 Hz
abaixo de 2187,5 KHz, ou seja em 2185,8 KHz, de fonna a transmitirem o alcrta cm DSC em 2187.5 Khz.
com cobertura de urna ou mais .e,sta~·~es costeiras em DSC, devem esperar durante
. ·., \ \
algum tempo, antes de procederem a'transmissao da acusacao do recebido, de fonna a
darem tempo suficiente para que uma estacao costeira acuse o recebido ao alerta de
socorro.
=!>"MAYDAY";
=> "MAYDAY";
Um navio sabendo que outro navio se encontra em perigo deve retransrnitir o alerta
de socorro nas seguintes condicoes:
* A causa do acidente; 1
Os navios que recebam a chamada rele de socorro transmitida por uma esracao
costeira, devem acusar a recepcao da chamada em radiotelefonia, no canal de trafego
de socorro referente a mesma banda na qual a chamada rele foi recebida, (em
' \ -.
radiotelefonia MF 2182 KHz e emNHF.'no canal 16).
-; I.:· .·
~· ·-- . ~.'- .
Para acusar o recebido deve proceder-se da seguinte forma:
=> "MAYDAY";
=>"Received Mayday>'.
Os navios que recebam uma chamada rele de alerta de socorro em DSC de outro
navio devem seguir os mesmos procedimentos para acusar o recebido a um alerta de
socorro, ja referidos anieriormente.
\
\ '
• Anuncio:
~ ".
seguranca em DSC.
• Anuncio:
2.1.5.1.1 Em VHF
0 canal 70 em DSC VHF e utilizado para o trafego de socorro em DSC, para fins
de seguranca e tambem para a correspondencia publica em DSC.
2.1.5.1.2 Em MF
A frequencia 2177 KHz e tambem utilizada para a chamada seJectiva digital entre
navios para cornunicacoes gerais.
\
\
-. ..
-,
~A categoria da chamada (retina):
---
~ 0 tipo de cornunicacao seguinte (normalmente radiotelefonia);
Uma chamada DSC para correspondencia publica pode ser repetida no mesmo canal
ou noutro canal DSC, se nao for dado o recebido, dentro de 5 minutos.
as duas estacoes envolvidas. Uma chamada de teste de um navio ·para uma estacao
costeira em MF e feita do seguinte modo: . .~I
1
• Sintonizar o emissor na freqµ~nCi(!. de socorro e de seguranca em DSC
\.... -,
(2187,5 KHz);
j
• Introduzir ou seleccionar o formato da chamada de teste no equipamento it!
DSC de acordo com as instrucoes do fabricante; I
·~
'r
0 alerta de socorro em DSC deve sempre que possivel incluir a ultima posicao
conhecida e o tempo UTC de validacao dessa posicao. Se a posicao e o tempo nao
forem introduzidos automaticamente pelo equipamento de navegacao do navio, devera
ser introduzida manualmente.
a estacao do ano e a hora do dia, pelo que devem ser tidas em conta na escolha da
banda de HF apropriada para a transmissao do alerta de socorro em DSC HF.
Como regra geral, o canal de socorro em DSC HF na banda dos 8 MHz (8414,5
KHz), deve em muitos cases ser a primeira escolha.
,•!
0 procedimento da alfnea a) e recomendado em todos os casos onde o tempo '
NQrn: 0 alerta de socorre navio-navio e geralmente feito em MF e/ou VHF, utilizando os procedimentos para
a transmissiio do alerta de socorro em MF/VHF, ja descritos.
Em casos especiais, por exemplo nas zonas tropicais, a transmissao dos alertas de
socorro em bSC HF deve acrescentar-se ao alerta navio-terra e ao alerta navio-navio
emMFNHF.
Ap6s se ter transmitido o alerta de socorro em DSC nos canais apropriados em HF,
MF e/ou VHF, deve preparar-se para o trafego de socorro subsequente, sintonizando o
equipamento de radiocornunicacoes no canal de trafego de socorro correspondente a
banda utilizada no alerta.
HF (KHz) 4207,5 - 6312 - 8414,5 '-4125·- 6215 - 8291 4177,5 - 6268 - 8376,5
Nota: Alguns emissores marftimos de HF devem ser.sintonizados numa frequencia 1700 Hz abaixo da
frequencia DSC, de forma a transmitirem o alerta em DSC na frequencia correcta,
I
2.1.6.1.4 TRAFEGO DE SOCORRO (Radiotelefonia e Radiotelex) I
.!
• A natureza do perigo;
Os navios que recebam o alerta de socorro em DSC HF de outro navio nao devem
acusar o alerta de socorro mas devem:
banda de HF correspondente:
correspondente;
1
,!
.';
Os navios que recebam o alerta de socorro rele em DSC de uma estacao costeira em
HF, enderecada a todos os navios dentro de uma area geografica, nao devem acusar a
recepcao do alerta rele em DSC, mas sim por radiotelefonia, no canal do trafego de
socorro da mesma banda em que o alerta de socorro rele foi recebido.
i ::·
·· ~-----
., .
...
.
canais de socorro em DSC HF, do mesmo modo que os testes de DSC MF, ji
descritos anteriormente.
2.2 RADIOTELEX
Alem dos requisitos anteriores nao devera ser facil ao utilizador alterar dados das
mensagens recebidas.
'\
\ \ ·.
.
'··.
Todos os navios equipados com equipamento
., .__
Cil~ radiotelex na banda dos 415 KHz
-,,
• Receber a classe de emissao FIB emitida nos 518 KHz de acordo com o
GMDSS;
Todos os navios equipados para trabalhar com telex nas bandas dos 1605 KHz a
4000 KHz e dos 4000 KHz a 27500 KHz devem ser capazes de transmitir e de receber
nas classes de emissao FIB ou J2B nas frequencies de trabalho necessarias a execucao
das suas funcoes e services.
Para comunicacoes entre apenas duas estacoes o modo ARQ deve ser utilizado
sempre que possfvel. Para transmiss5es de uma estacao costeira ou de uma estacao de
navio para 2 ou mais estacces, o modo FEC deve de ser utilizado quando possfvel.
Nota : 0 modo FEC e geralmente o mais utilizado cm telex para a recepcao e transmissao de
infonna~no de socorro, de urgencia e de seguranca,
I~
radiotelex.
,\
\ '
Quando se utiliza o telex nas bandas marftirnas, a chamada deve ser efectuada numa
frequencia de trabalho disponfve1 neste service.
' \
\ \ ..... ''·
2.2.7 FORMATO DA MENSAGEM.TELEX:
'......__ . '<,
As mensagens no modo FEC devem ser enviadas ap6s arranjo previo de uma
estacao costeira ou de uma estacao de navio para urna ou mais estacoes de navios nos
seguintes casos:
• Quando a estacao do navio nao esta apta a utilizar o seu emissor, ou nao
esta concedida a sua utilizacao;
• Quando a mensagem e enderecada a mais de um navio;
• Quando a recepcao da mensagem e necessaria ~ desatendida e a acusacao do
recebido automatico nao e pedida.
Nata: Todas as mensagens no modo FEC devem ser precedidas no minimo de um retorno de cursor
(CR) e no mfnimo de um deslocarnento de linha (LF).
=> 4177,5 KHz, 6268 KHz, 8376,5 KHz, 12520 KHz e 16695 KHz ~
Estas frequencies estiio reservadas exclusivamente para cornunicacoes de
socorro e seguranca por meio de telex.
=> 4210 KHz, 6314 KHz, 8416,S KHz, 12579 KHz, 16806;5 KHz, 22376
KHz e 26100,S KHz ~ Estas frequencies estao reservadas
exclusivamente para as estacoes costeiras para transmissao de informacao
de seguranca marftima em HF por telex e no modo FEC.
Todos os navios que utilizem telex dex~m .~rmitir o envio ea recepcao de trafego
\ \ -,
Qualquer emissao que possa causar interferencias nos alertas de socorro, nas
cornunicacoes de socorro, nas comunicacoes de urgencia e nas cornunicacoes de
seguranca, em qualquer uma das frequencia de telex referidas anteriorrnente e
expressamente proibida.
Nas comunicacoes por telex, os testes de transmissao devem ser minimizados nas
frequencias de socorro e de seguranca e devem sempre que possfvel ser realizados com
antena artificial ou com potencia reduzida.
Para assegurar-se que um operador esta em liga9~io com a estacao costeira correcta
e uma estacao de navio ou um subscritor de telex em terra, e normal a troca de retorno
de respostas no inicio da liga9iio de telex. Cada instalacao de telex tern uma resposta
unica para se identificar a si pr6pria, a qual esta programada no pr6prio equipamento.
Quando por exemplo o radiotelex automatico controlado por Portisheadraclio e
solicitado, esta estacao ernite a seguinte resposta a solicitacao:
47579GFCVX
987321 LLOYDS G
,•
.;
Nota : Quando se transmite no modo FEG, \torna~se muito importante que a preparacao da
\ ·., -.
de 10 segundos'
\
chamada inicial tenha uma duracao minima (t depois enviar no mini mo um retorno de
~~ .... ....
cursor (CR), seguido de pelo menos uma linha de espacamento (LF). Se isto nao for feito, o
equipamento de recepcao podera oao responder a transrnissao em curso.
2.2.12.3 SELFEC
Uma derivacao do modo FEC e o chamada SELFEC muito similar ao modo FEC
mas onde a transmissao e enderecada a uma estacao particular de recepcao, isto e
enderecando a chamada ao numero de identificacao apropriado (selcall). Este modo
evita que o emissor tenha de estar activado, sendo o modo ideal de transmissao para :~·
":',
,,
navios em porto que queiram receber mensagens de telex e onde o uso do emissor seja }j
restringido ou proibido.
2.2.12.4 DIRECT
0 modo directo (DIRECT) existe apenas em certas insralacoes de telex, nao possuindo
qualquer tecnica de deteccao ou de correccao de erros.
I~
~--
incrernentos de 6 segundos. i ::
<, ~'-
· · · · · · Atribuicao de canal ·
·'·
:.!.
·I~
. ''..~
·''j .
. 1.
GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Seguranca Maritimo) 2-41
As antenas dos equipamentos devem estar apontadas para o satelite correspondente
a regiao oceanica em que o navio se localiza. Conforme o navi~ se vai movimentando a
'1
antena do navio vai a1terando automaticamente, a sua posicao em azimute e elevacao
para manter a Iigacao, Seo navio sai da area duma detenninada regiao oceanica, entao
a antena tera que ser realinhada para o satelite correspondente a nova regiao oceanica.
As areas de cobertura dos satelites estao ilustradas na figura seguinte:
,.
....
- ....
' '' , ...
' ,.
/ Pacific
'' \
I ocean \
I region
\
I \
.I \
I
'
' \
____ ._.. - -
Figura 2-3: Localizacao dos satelites.
60
30
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, ' , .. · · - ~:, - - - - . [ sp 1- - - - -··7. • - - • - - .. '.. 1'
60
. .
5° Elevation
0 ~1 •.r p,
Este sistema foi o ;~~~~~r~"i·a'·~ ~~~ ;i~~l~!C~.~-~~o,{ l,~~n~61o°'3sido introduzido
comercialmente em 1982. Este sisterna tern disponfveis cornunicacoes telefonicas
duplex, telex, fax, correio electr6nico e outras forrnas de comunicacao de dados
incluindo os dados de alta velocidade (56 e 64Kbits/segundo). Desenvolvimentos mais
recentes em tecnicas de compressao de dados tornaram possf vel a transmissao de alta
definicao, tais coma, fotografias e televisao de baixa velocidade de varrimento.
Devido ao facto deste equipamento ser muito grande e de grande peso, tern sido
normalmente usado em navies de grande porte, corno por exemplo, petroleiros.
' \
\'·
Sao normalmente colocadas instrucoes junto do posto de trabalho para iniciar urn
pedido de socorro, que devem ser lidas por todos os utilizadores antes de precisarem
delas. No equiparnento e instalado um "software" que depois da. ligacao ter sido
estabelecida envia uma mensagem pre-formatada de socorro. Esta mensagem contem a
identificacao do navio, a sua posicao e o tipo de socorro pretendido, Em algumas SES
pode-se iniciar uma chamada de socorro premindo apenas um botfio, noutras este
botao muda a prioridade da chamada (Prioridade 3). Neste caso o operador tern ainda
que iniciar o pedido de socorro.
Para se enviar por via telef6nica ou por telex um pedido de urgencia (Urgent) ou
seguranca (Safety) deve-se proceder do seguinte modo:
1. Nome do navio.
Para enviar uma mensagem por telex e conveniente prepara-la previrnente usando o
editor de texto do terminal. Para estabelecer a comunicacao via telex ha duas etapas a
perCOIT(?~'. Primeiro e necessario escolher a CES para a sua regiao do oceano para
depois poder enviar a mensagem atraves da rede internacional de telex para o seu
destinatario. Concretamente, para enviar um telex deve proceder-se do seguinte modo:
Para fazer uma chamada telefonica ha duas etapas a percorrer para estabelecer a
comunicacao en'tre o navio e o destinatario: Primeiro, estabelecer a cornunicacao com
a CES da sua regiao oceanica via satelite e depois, estabelecer a comunicacao entre a
CES e o destinatario atraves da rede telefonica internacional. Para tal deve proceder-se
do seguinte modo:
eo•
- <, "'>,
Por exemplo se quiser fazer uma chamada para a Escola Nautica cujo mimero
. \ '
""···~ '\ '
4430605, discaria, depois de ouvir o sina1 sonoro o mimero 00 351 4430605 #.
Saliente-se que "00'' eo c6digo de dois digitos e significa tratar-se duma chamada
telef6nica autornatica e o "351" e o c6digo de acesso ao paf~.
Um dos maiores beneficios deste sistema foi tornar desnecessario ter disponfveis
frequencias para as comunicacoes de seguranca e socorro. Assim est.as cornunicacoes
sao transmitidas nos canais gerais usando um sistema de prioridades.
' \ '
.
e
\ \
Neste sistema, para enviar OU receber 'rnensagens necessario fazer 0 "Log-in"
.. ......_ .' ~ •.
Para se iniciar um pedido de socorro para a RCC pode-se usar o terminal, OU·
5. Seleccionar a CES mais pr6xima dentro da sua regiao oceanica, que vai
estar atenta as operacoes de busca e salvarnento feitas pelo RCC mais
pr6ximo do seu navio. Pode-se no entanto, escolher qualquer CES dentro
da sua regiao oceanica desde que seja conveniente usar, como seja por
exemplo, por razoes linguisticas.
a) Nome (opcional).
O. ..~istema Inmarsat tern disponfvel o service EGC (Enhanced Group Call, ou seja,
chamada de grupo), cuja finalidade e enviar informacao de seguranca maritima MSI
(Maritime Safety Information) de terra para o navio. Existem tres tipos de informacao
;
i
i:. que podem ser enviados como se descriminara a seguir:
i
~.
• Safety Net --;; Serve para transmitir informacao de seguranca maritima MSI
l
I
j para todos os navios duma determinada NA V AREA/MET AREA ou por
exernplo na proximidade duma operacao de busca e salvamento. 0 MSI
t
I
contern avisos a navegacao, previsoes e avisos meteorologicos e outras
I '··
!
r
informacoes relacionadas
retransmissoes de chamadas de socorro.
com a seguranca como por exemplo
r.
I
• Fleet Net --;; Serve para transmitir informacao comercial para determinados
I
f navios.
f
' ·· • Mensagens do sistema Inmarsat+-e Servem para obter inforrnacao sobre o
sistema como seja novas CESs operacionais ou noticias sobre alteracoes no
sistema.
.:.1 -,
Para receber o EGC e necessario seleccionar a regiao do oceano apropriada na
tendo cada uma urn codigo de regiao de dois digitos (01 a 16).
I
I
• Chamada de ~1rcas gcugraficas variaveis --+ A SES aceita chamadas numa I
deterrninada regiiio definida pela posicao do navio que foi introduzida no I
terminal.
I
• Chamada de grupos de navios :-+ A CES tern um c6digo para chamar
determinado grupo de navies podendo ser muito util para chamar unidades
I
.1
de busca e salvarnento. II
9 receptor EGC assegura o cnvio de inforrnacoes de terra para o navio como seja
um pedido de socorro. Quando uma mensagem de prioridade de socorro e recebida e
accionado um sinal acustico so podendu.ser -,~esligado manualmente. Este receptor
'. \ ·.
pode fazer parte integral duma
:·
SES, ou ser u{na_uiiidade
~~. separada. A concepcao deste
sistema pode ser dividida em quatro classes diferentes, conforme esta ilustrado na
figura 2-8:
Ant en a
Inmers at-C
"r Antena
Inmarsat-A .
-
RECEPTOR RECEPTOR
EM IS SOR RECEPTQR
EGC EGC
EMISSOR RECEPTOR
PROCESSADOR
PROCESSADOR PROCESSADOR EGC
'• .. '"---------'
Classe 1 :. ! -, -. Classe 2
<, '\
Antena " '
Inmarsat-C
RECEPTOR
EMISSOR RECEPTOR EGC
PROCESSADOR
Classe 3
.,•• _,
00 Autornatico Utiliza-se este c6digo para fazer uma chamada de telex
automatica utilizando os codigos de paises de telex
Internacional, dados na tabela 2-5.
11 Ope rad or Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacao do Opcrador
Internacional Internacional do pals onde o CES esta situado.
12 Informacao Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacoes sobre os
Internacional assinantes localizados noutros pafses, excepto o pafs onde
a CES esta situada.
13 Operador N acional Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter assistencia para fazer
ligayoo aos assinantes dentro do pats onde o CES esta
situado, Nos pafses que nao tenham um Operador
Internacional, utiliza-se este codiao em vez do codizo 11.
14 Informacao N acional Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacao acerca dos
assinantes localizados no pais, no aual a CES esta situada.
15 Service de Este C6dj$O li~.ara 0 operador que faz a chamada ao service
Radiotelegramas deradiotelegramas para a transmissao de radiotelegramas
com origem.em-telex.
17 Chamadas Este c6digo pode ser usado via algumas CESs para
Telef6nicas Manuais charnadas telefonicas manuais
21 Unidade de Este c6digo e utilizado para obter acesso a uma unidade de
Retransmissao retransmissao \SFU) parachamadas interpacionais.
( S ,,.,, {', 9 c>;r .- (1'; 1 ~ (. •!}fl ; ,;
(Internacional)
22 Unidadede Este c6digo e utilizado para obter acesso a uma unidade de
Retransmissao retransmi(~~~ ~.sr~l,V.,~:ch~,~?~~i1r~7ais. .
(Nacional)
23 Numero de Telefone Este codigo e usado por algumas CESs para permitir aos
Abreviado assinantes equipados com inmarsat-A utilizar c6digos de
telefone abreviados para as suas chamadas telef6nicas
regulates.
24 Service de Este c6digo e utilisado para transrnitir directamente uma
Correspondencia via rnensagem a partir de uma SES, para um posto telegrafico
seleccionado, para expedicao por correio ou meios
Telex
anronriados
31 Perguntas Maritimas Este c6digo pode ser utilisado para perguntas especiais tais
como localizacao de navios, etc.
Informacao Medica
·~
32 Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacao medica,
Alguns CESs tern ligacoes directas com os hospitais Iocais
auando este codizo e usado.
33 Assistencia Tecnica Utiliza-se este c6digo se se tem problemas tecnicos com o
terminal Inmarsart-A. A equipa tecnica dos CESs tern
normalmente canacidade para resolver o oroblema.
36 Carrao de Credito Utiliza-se este c6digo para debitar o preco da chamada de
Telex no cartao de credito ou credifone.
·--
37 Tempo e Duracao Este c6digo deve ser marcado no inicio da chamada em
vez do c6digo 00 da chamatla automatics. Este service
pennite que o operador do SES seja avisado do tempo e da
duracao da chamada. Este aviso feito por uma chamada e
telef6nica ou mais normalmente numa mensagem de telex
contendo o tempo e a durm;:ilo da chamada referida.
Normalmente o operador da SES deve terminar a chamada
de Telex usando 5 pontos finais ( .•... ). 0 tempo e duracao
da chamada sera automtiticamente enviada.
38 Assistencia medica Este c6digo deve ser usado na condicao da pessoa doente
ou ferida a bordo requerer a cvacuacao urgente, ou
assistencia medica a bordo do navio. Este c6digo assegura
que a chamada siga para a agencia/autoridade costeira
apropriada para resolver a situacao.
39 Assistencia maritima Este c6digo deve ser usado para obter assistencia, reboque,
derramamento de 61eo, etc.
41 Informacao Este c6digo deve ser usado pelos navios que fazem
Metereol6gica observacoes meteorologicas para enviar as suas
observacoes meteoro16gicas. Na maioria dos casos onde
e
este service utilizavel, o service esta livre de taxas para o
navio, sendo a Autoridade Meteorol6gica Nacional que
paga as taxas.
42 Advertencias e Este c6digo pennite a ligacao a uma reparticao maritima
Perigos Maritimos para transmitir informacao para o navio sobre qualquer
obstaculo que possa p6r em risco a seguranca da
navegacao, tais como naufragios, navies deriva, a
obstaculos flutuantes, radiofarois inoperativos, icebergs,
minas flutuantes,etc.
43 Inforrnacao da fate c6digo permite a ligac;ao a um centro nacional ou
Posicao do Navio internacional apropriado, para receber informacao do-
mb~im'cntq_ de navies por mutivos de busca e salvamento
(Ex:\\MV£R,etc.) •
6(x) Adrnnistracao Para ser usado pelas admnistracoes para uso especializado
especializada sendo muitas vezes usado para linhas reservadas etc. 0
digito "x" a seguir ao 6 sera localizado numa base nacional
e normalmente nao sera o mesmo para servico/linhas
reservadas para mais do Que uma CES
70 Base de Dados Este codigo sera usado normalmente pela CES para
permitir acesso automatico 1'l informacao de uma base de
dados, se disoonfvel,
91 Teste Autornatico de Este c6digo deve ser para testar o receptor de telex. A CES
Lin ha norrnalmente transmite o seguinte:
THE QYICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY
DOG 12345567890
92 Testes de Este c6digo deve ser usado quando o navio esta pronto
Licenciamento para comecar testes de licenciamento de Inmarsat-A. 0
c6digo deve ser usado sornente para este prop6sito, e
depois apenas usado pelo CES pelo qual o licenciamento
ten ha sido atribuido,
.-!."
~--·
Afezanistao
Africa do Sul
Alaska {USA)
Albania (Republica da)
79
95
200
604
Chad (Renublica do)
Chile
Chile (TELEX CHILE)
Chile.(VTR)
976
34
342
343
Argelia (Republica da) 408 Chile (VTR/CM) 344
America Central 37 Chile <ENTEL) 345
Africa Central (Republica de) 971 Chile (TEXCOM) 346
Americana (Samoa) 770 China (Republica Popular da) 85
Angola (Reoublica de) 991 Colombia (Republica da) 35
Anguila 391 Comoros (Republica Federal Islamica) 994
Antigua e Barbuda 393 Comm (Renublica do) 981
Argentina (Reoublica da) t. 33 Cook (Ilhas) 772
'·
Armenia (Repubhca da) 684 Costa Rica . 376
Aruda 303 Costa de Ivoire (Reoublica de) 9.83
Ascencao 939 Croacia (Republica da) 599
Australia 71 Cuba·, 28
Australia (Territories extemos 766 '·· Chipre (~~puglica de) 605
Australianos) ·...... ~'- .. · :I•.:.••
··,
Austria 47 Czech (Renublica do) (TNIC C) 66
Azerbeiiao (Republica do) 784 Coreia (Republica Democratica da) ... 899 ::1
Bahamas 297 Din amarea 55
Bahrain 490 Diego Garcia 938 J
Bangladesh 780 Diibouti (Renublica de) 979
Barbados 392 Dominicana (Renublica) (AACR) 202
Belarus (Republica de) 681 Dorninicana (Republica) (MIRADOR) 241
Belgica 46 Dominicana (Republica) (CDT) 201
Belize 371 Ecuador 308
Benin (Republica do) 972 Ezipto (Republica Arabe do) 91
Bermuda · 290 EI Salvador (Renublica de) 373
Bhutam 890 Eslovaquia 66
Bolivia (Republica da) 309 Eslovenia 598
Bosnia Herzegovina 600 Espanha 52
Botswana (Republica do) 962 Estonia (Republica da) 537
Brasil (Renublica Federal do) 38 Etionia 980
Brunei Darussalam 809 Estados Unidos da America 23
Bulgaria (Republica da) 67 Estados Unidos da America 246
Burkina Faso 978 Emiratos Arabes Unidos 893
Burundi (Republica do) 903 Estados Unidos da America (Uhas 208
Virzens de Santa Cruze Slio Tomas)
Cambodia . 807 Falkland (Ilhas Malvinas) 306
Camaroes (Republica dos) " 970 Fara6 (Ilhas) (Dinamarca) 502
Canada 21 Fiji (Republica do) 701
Canada (TWX) 26 Filandia 57
Cabo Verde (Republica de) 993 Guine Ecuatorial (Republica da) 999
Cayman (Uhas) 293 Gra-Bretanha e lrlanda do Norte 51
·-·-·
Nova Caled6nia
Nicaragua
Nizer (Renublica de)
Nigeria (Republica d)
706
375
975
905
Somalia
Sri Lanka
Sudao (Republica de)
Suriname (Republica de)
900
803
984
304
Niue 776 · Swasilandia 964
Noruega 56 Suica 45
Oman 498 Suecia 54
Pakistao 82 Siria ... 492
Palau 763 Taiwan (China) 785
Panama 379 Tazikistao 787
Papua Nova Guine 703 Tanzania 989
Paraguai (Republica do} 305 Tailandia 86
Peru 36 Togo 977
Filioinas (Republica das) 75 Tokelau 762
Pol6nia (Renublica da) 63 Tonzo 777
Portugal 404' S Trinidade e Tobago 294
Porto Rico (AACR) i06 'Tunisia 409
Porto Rico (MCI/WUI) 205 Turquia 607
Porto Rico (PRCA) 209 Turkmenistao 789
Porto Rico (1RTJFTC) 240 Turks e Caicos (Ilhas) 296
Qatar (Estado do) 497 Tuvalu 774
Reuniao (Departarnento Frances de) 961 Uganda (Republica de) 988
Romenia 65 Ucrania 680
Russia 64 Uruguai 32
Ruanda 909 Uzbekistan (Republica de) 786
Santa Helena 960 WaJlis e Uhas Fortuna 707
Santa Kitts e Nevis 397 Vanuatua (Republica de) 771 :i
-:;
·-i-1•
00 Automatico Utiliza-se este c6digo para fazer chamadas automaticas de
telefone, facsimile e transmissao de dados em banda de base
utilizando OS codigos internacionais de marcacao directa
(!DD-International Direct Dail) dados na tabela 2-7.
11 Ope rad or Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacao do Operador
Internacional Internacional do pafs onde a CES esta situado.
12 Informacao Utiliza-se este c6digo para obtcr informacoe sobre os
Internacional assinantes localizados noutros parses, excepto o pals onde a
CES esta situada.
13 Operador Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter assistencia para fazer ligacao
Nacional aos assinantes dentro do pats onde esta situado o CES. Nos
pafses que nao tenham um Operador Internacional, utiliza-se
este codizo em vez do codizo 11.
14 Inforrnacao Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacao sobre os
Nacion al assinantes Jocalizados no pais, no qua! o CES esta situado.
17 Chamadas Este c6digo pode ser usado via algumas CESs para c~amadas
telef 6nicas telef6nicas manuais, apesar de este c6digo ser utilizado
normalmente nos services de telex.
manuais
23 Niimero de Este c6digo c usado por algurnas CESs para perrnitir aos
telefone abreviado assinantes equipados com Inrnarsat-A utilizar codigos de
telefone abreviados para as suas chamadas telef6nicas
reaulares,
I
' Este c6digo pode ser utilisado para perguntas especiais tais
31 Perguntas
Mari timas como Iocalizacno de navios.etc.
i
32 Informacao Utiliza-se este c6digo para obter informacao medica. Alguns
Medic a CESs tern ligacoes directas com os hospitais locais quando
este codizo e usado,
33 Assistencia Utiliza-se este codigo quando se tern problemas tecnicos com o
Tecnica terminal I~mar~art-A A equipa tecnica dos CESs tern
norntalrnente canacidade nara resolver o oroblema.
f
t·:,, 34 Chamadas Utiliza-se este c6digo para cont.actar o operador para fazer
I Pessoais uma chamada pessoal.
r
'·
35 "Collect Call" Utiliza-se este c6digo para contactar o operador para fazer
uma chamada a naaar nelo destinatario.
36 Carrao de credi to Utiliza-se este c6digo para debitar o preco da chamada
de chamadas telefonica no cartao de credito ou credifone.
... _
37 Tempo e duracao Este c6digo deve ser marcado no inicio da chamada em vez do
codigo 00 da charnada automatica. Este service permite que o
operador do SES seja avisado do tempo e da duracao da
e
chamada, :&te aviso feito por uma chamada telef6nica ou
mais norrnalmente numa mensagcm de telex contendo o
tempo e a duracao da chamada referida.
38 Assistencia Este c6digo deve ser usado na condicao da pessoa doente ou
Medic a ferida a bordo requerer a evacuacao urgente, ou assistencia
rnedica a bordo do navio. Este c6digo assegura que a chamada
siga para a agencia/autoridade costeira apropriada para
resolver a situacao,
39 Assistencia Este c6digo deve ser usado para obter assistencia, reboque,
Maritima derramamento de oleo, etc. ·
41 Inforrnacao '·· &te codigo deve ser usado pelos . navios · que. · fazcm j
'.}
___
Afeaanistao 93 Chad (Republica do)
,_235
Africa do Sul 27 Chile 56
Albania (Republica da) 355 China (Republica Popular da) 86
Argelia (Republica da) 21 Colombia (Republica da) 57
Africa Central (Republica de) 236 Comoros (Republica Federal 269
Islamica)
Alemanha (Republica Federal 49 Congo (Republica do) 242
da)
Americana (Samoa) 684 Cook (Ilhas) 682
Angola (Renublica de) 244 Costa Rica 506
Anguila I Costa de Ivoire (Reoublica de) 225
Antigua e Barbuda 1 Croacia (Renublica da) 385
Argentina (Reoublica) 54 Cuba 53
Armenia (Renublica da) 7 Chiore (Republica de) 357
Aruba 297 Czech (Republics) (TNIC C) 42
Ascencao 247 Dinamarca 45
Australia 61 Diego Garcia 246
Australia (Territorios extemos 672 Djibouti (Republica de) 253
Australianos)
Austria 43 Dominicana (Republica) 1
Azerbeiiao (Republica do) 994 Eauador 593
Bahamas 1 Egipto (Republica Arabe do)
~~~~~-+-~~~---1
20
Bahrain 973 El Salvador (Republica de) 503
Bangladesh 880 Eritreia 291
Barbados. . 1 Es pan ha 34
Belarus (Renublica de) 7 Estonia (Republica da) 372
Belzica 32 Eslovenia (Repubica da) 386
Belize 501 Eslovaquia (Repubica da) 42
Benin (Republica do) 229 ,_ Etiooia 251
Bermuda 1 .; 1 Estados Unidos da America + Porto 1
-, Rfo6 + Iltlas Virgens
Bhutam 975 Emiratos Arabes Unidos 971
Bolivia (Republica da) 591 Falkland (Uhas Malvinas) 500
Bosnia Herzegovina 387 Fara6 (Ilhas) (Dinamarca) 298
Botswana (Reoublica do) 267 Fiji (Republica do) 679
Bra<;il <Republica.Federal do) 55 Filandia 358
Brunei Darussalam 673 Franca 33
Bulgaria (Renublica da) 359 Francesa (Polinesia) 689
Burkina Faso 226 Gabonesa (Republica) 241
Burundi (Republica do) 257 Gambia (Republica da) 220
Cambodia 855 Georgia (Rcoublica da) 7
Camaroes (Republica dos) 237 Ghana 233
Canada 1 Gibraltar 350
Cabo Verde (Republica de) 238 Grecia 30
Cavman (Ilhas) 1 Guine Eouatorial (Republica da) 240
-·-·
Greenland (Dinarnarca) ~
Granada
Guadeloup (Departamento Frances de)
299
1
590·
671
Liechtenstein (Principado de)
Lituania
Luxemburzo
Macau
41
370
352
·~·-·
Polonia (Republica da)
Portugal
Qatar (Estado do)
Reuniao (Departamento Frances
48
351
974
262
Tazikistao
Tanzania
Tailandia
Togo
7
255
66
228
de)
Romenia 40 Tokelau 690
Russia 7 Ton go 676
Ruanda (Republica do) 250 Trinidade e Tobazo 296
Santa Helena 290 Tunisia 21
Santa Kitts e Nevis 1 Turquia 90
Santa Lucia l Turkmenistao 7
Sao Vicente e Granadinas 1 Turks e Caicos (Uhas) 1
Sao Marino (Renublica de) 378 Tuvalu
., 688
'(
2.4.1 ANTENAS
As antenas de VHF devem ser colocadas o mais alto possfvel no navio e num local.
livre de obstaculos (propagacao em linha de vista).
Antena de chicote
+- Caho
Uma vez que os comprimentos de onda na banda marftima MF/HF (300 KHz - 30
MHz), variam de cerca de 200 metros (1500 KHz) a 12 metros (25 MHz) e claramente
impossfvel obter ressonancia usando antenas de metade ou um quarto do comprimento
de onda que cubram inteiramente estas duas bandas de frequencias. Em vez\ie se usar
diferentes antenas para as diferentes frequencies dentro destas bandas ou para cada
uma <las bandas, usa-se a mesma antena, com um comprimento ffsico determinado,
para as duas bandas. Isto e possfvel, devido a utilizacao de circuitos sintonicos que
possibilitarn ressonancia e dao a antena um comprimento electrico diferente do fisico.
A mesrna antena e entao utilizada dentro destas duas bandas, independent.emente de ter
uma eficiencia diferente nas diferentes frequencias que consegue captar.
As transmissoes duplex requerem duas antenas e que estas sejam colocadas o mais
distante possfvel uma da outra (nonnalmente uma no topo do mastro de vante do navio
e outra por cima da ponte de navegacao).
2.4.2 BATERIAS
Bateria primaries sao aquelas que nao podem ser recarregadas o que implica a sua
substituicao peri6dica.
Sao constitufdas por placas de chumbo embebidas numa solucao dilufda de acido
sulfiirico, denominada electrolito, formando-se assim as celulas da bateria. 0
electr6lito nao ataca o recipiente onde esta colocado, o qual e normalmente de ebonite,
tendo dois bornes na tampa (cada elemento) que estao ligados as placas de chumbo e
um oriffcio para safda dos gases.
Numa bateria carregada a tensao de cada elemento e cerca de dais volts, tensao esta
frequentemente designada de tensao nominal da celula OU elemento. Uma bateria
contendo 3 ou 6 elementos dara uma tensao de 6 e 12 volts respectivamente. Quatro
baterias de 6 volts ou duas de 12 volts poderao ser ligadas em serie dando uma bateria
total de 24 volts.
Quando a tensao nominal duma bateria de chumbo desce abaixo de 1,8 volts, isto e,
a tensao duma bateria de 24 volts passa a ser inferior a 22 volts, esta esta num nivel de
carga baixo, devendo ser carregada imediatamente, estando completamente
descarregada quando cada elemento river 1,18 volts. Este valor pode diferir
ligeiramente consoante o . tipo de bateria devendo ser consultado o manual do
fornecedor. Outra indicacao do nfvel de carga duma bateria de chumbo e a densidade
do seu e1ectr6lito que pocle ser medida com um densfrnetro.
Esta~ ...baterias sao fonnadas par elementos em que o polo positivo e de nfquel e o
negativo de cadrnio, sendo normalmente muito robustas e com uma longa duracao.
A tensao nominal por elemento destas baterias e de 1,4 volts e de 1,2 volts quando
estao descarregadas,
0 nfvel de carga destas baterias nao pode ser detenninado com o densfrnetro. A
densidade 6 quase a mesma nas situacoes de carga e descarga (cerca de 1,17-1,19
volts). Quando estao a carga a tensao nominal atinge 1,6-1,7 volts.
A densidade e quase invariavel durante a descarga nao podendo por isso ser usada
para determinar o nfvel de descarga.
• Colocar as baterias num local seco mantendo a sua base sempre seca.
As baterias terao uma maior duracao, se forem conservadas bem carregadas e com
o electr6lito a um nfvel correcto. ', \ -,...
\'-·
-, i::· ··'
Para se tirar rnaior rendimento das baterras,' recomenda-se que sejam observadas as
indicacoes seguintes:
Durante a carga para evitar que o gas libertado se inflame, devem-se tomar as
precaucoes seguintes:
Nos dispositivos de carga modernos diferentes modos de carga podem ser usados.
Normalmente, os modos "trickle charge", "normal charge" e "boost charge".
0 modo "trickle charge" utiliza uma corrente de carga muito pequena que
compensa internamente as percas na bateria.
0 modo "boost charge" utiliza uma corrente de carga muito forte, a qual podera
prejudicar a vida iitil da bateria, se ultrapassar as especificacoes do fabricante.
E muito importante que a carga seja efectuada de modo a obter e utilizar os valores
de tensao e correntes prescritos. Para baterias de chumbo de 24 volts a tensao de carga
devera atingir os 26,8 volts e para baterias de Ni Cd devera atingir 32 volts.
Como regra geral uma :ba~/ia deve ser carregada com uma corrente de
,, \ \
0,05 x capacidade da bateria (Ah com 20 horas de tempo de descarga).
Isto significa que uma bateria que fomeca 120 Ah devera ser carregada
com uma corrente de 0,05 x 120 = 6 A.
~··
•"
!•"
3. SUBSISTEMAS GMDSS
'.
' ' \
......
\ ·.
0 objectivo fundamental de uma radiobaliza dC?_-DMDSS e a de fornecer a indicacao da
Iocalizacao dos sobreviventes em caso de sinistro. Per outro lado constitui um segundo
metodo de alerta de socorro do sistema. A activacao de urna radiobaliza geralmente
nao e feita a bordo de um navio ou aeronave, mas sim na agua ou nas embarcacoes
salva-vidas. A utilizacao da radiobaliza proporciona as autoridades em terra a recepcao
e localizacao da fonte de transmissao, podendo ser irnplementados de imediato os
procedimentos de busca e de salvamento.
Os satelites comunicam com uma rede de estacoes terrenas, conhecidas por terrninais
de utilizadores locais LUT' s (Local User Terminals) que transferem os alertas de
socorro e dados de localizacao das radiobalizas, para as autoridades de busca, atraves
dos centres de controlo de missao MCC (Mission Control Centers). As autoridades de
busca e de salvamento SAR (Search And Rescue) devem estar localizadas nos centros
de coordenacao de busca RCC (Rescue Coordination Centers) ou nos pontos de
contacto de busca e de salvamento SPOC (Search and rescue Point Of Contact), para
em qualquer eventualidade, ao receberem estas informacoes deverao ter todas as
facilidades para a rapida implementacao dos procedimentos de busca.
- •··· •••. ···-······ .. ···. ·-•14·"'········ -····. '"··-··" ., -···--·--- ,,.,, ··•d· -· ''"'•+----•~••"'I _... _ _, __ ••-~------- .,.,~,.~·---.-.~--··-··r·•._,,,. .. __ ,_,_.,. __ ._,..,_,,,,_+•--.-·.,-~-,-.--- ••'•I ••------·• "''
Os 3 tipos de radiobalizas por satelite utilizados pelo sistema Cospas-Sarsat sao:
Radiobaliza ' \
\.'·
(EPIRB) Cospas-
iysa
· -, ~ --- i :·
.
LUT
DIAGRAMA FUNCIONAL Terminal
Unidade DO SISTEMA utilizador local •
l
acidentada COSPAS-SARSAT
"": \
' \ MCC
'' \ Centro controlo de
missao
\
\
\
/
\
\
\
\
SAR RCC
Forcas de busca e ~ Centro de controlo
salvamento de busca
Dois modos sao usados para a deteccao e localizacao das radiobalizas do sistema
Cospas-Sarsat:
Este sistema permite que os sinais de socorro recebidos pelos satelites sejam
armazenados na mem6ria do satelite e posteriormente difundidos a todas as LDT' s a
medida que estes orbitarn a terra. Com este metodo cada radiobaliza pode ser
localizada por todas as LUT' s do sistema Cospas-Sarsat. 0 tempo medic de
notificacao neste modo de operacao e actualmente de aproximadamente 90 minutes,
!
mas sera menor se forem empregues mais satelites, conforme esta previsto.
'!
Controlo Controlo
antena elcctronico
DADOS
Oscilador LOCALIZACAO
Gerador de MCC
local IDENTIFICACAO
codigo
As radiobalizas que operam em 406 :MHz tern uma cobertura global. 0 rigor da sua
localizacao a partir das medicoes por efeito Doppler efectuadas pelas LUT' s e
tipicamente inferior a 5 Km. No entanto para as radiobalizas de 121,5 MHz o erro
pode atingir os 20 Km.
Como ja foi referido passou a ser obrigatorio ( desde 1 Agosto de 1993) a existencia de
radiobalizas a bordo de navios com mais de 300 toneladas de arqueacao bruta.
Recepcao de l Armazenamento
mensagens de I Seleccao das
de dados
outros MCC' s I radiobalizas
l Transmissao para
Transmissao para
outros MCC' s -
~ Gerador de
mensagem -
~
os RCC's
no forma adequado
A medida que os satelites efectuam a sua 6rbita ao rector da terra, cada satelite observa
uma superficie terrestre de 4000 Km de largura.
destacam-se os seguintes:
12. Poder suportar temperaturas entre -30°C e 65°C dentro da caixa de proteccao ou
no suporte preso a estrutura do navio;
13. Possibilidade de ser activada por controlo remoto desde a ponte;
14. Suportar o balance forte e as vibracoes provenientes da progressao do navio;
15. Deve libertar-se automaticamente ate uma profundidade de 4 m e com uma
inclinacao do navio ate 45°;
16. Deve ter afixado no corpo exterior um resumo das instrucces de funcionamento ea
data de validade das baterias.
Satelites
INMARSAT-E
EPIRB-L
Radiobaliza CES
~ DIAGRAMA FUNCIONAL Esta~ao costeira
JNMARSAT-E terrestre
Navio
acidentado
DRP
~\
\
\
Receptor e
\
'\ processador digital
/
\
\
• 0 rumo do navio;
• A velocidade do navio;
· Minutos
0 IO 45 55 130 240
Nas estacoes costeiras terrenas LES, existe equipamento digital que processa o alerta
de socorro e faz o seu seguirnento automatico para o centro de coordenacao de busca
RCC apropriado.
15. Ser resistente a exposicao solar prolongada e imune a agua do mare ao petroleo;
16. Possuir baterias com capacidade de operacao da transmissao durante 40 minutos,
ou de pelo menos 48 horas, caso exista a possibilidade de actualizacao de dados
automaticamente;
17. Possibilitar outras facilidades, nomeadamente a inclusao de um respondedor de
radar; <;'>.
.:,.\
Para os navios que naveguem exclusivamente na area Al, e-lhes permitida a utilizacao
de radiobalizas que operam na banda de VHF no canal 70, constituindo uma alternativa
as radiobalizas do Sistema Cospas-Sarsat OU as radiobalizas da Inmarsat-E.
Quando o respondedor de radar e activado transmite um sinal que varre uma banda de
frequencias (de 9,2 GHz a 9,5 GHz), de forma a ser recebido por qualquer embarcacao
de busca e salvamento. 0 sinal recebido pela embarcacao de busca tern o formato de
doze pontos em Iinha igualmente espacados, os quais indicam a direccao do
respondedor de radar.
• 0 eliminador de interferencias de mar (sea clutter ou STC) deve estar desligado (ou
no minima);
• 0 receptor de radar deve ser dessintonizado para que os ecos falsos (tal como os de
retorno de mar) sejam reduzidos;
. !
Ap6s a primeira visualizacao dos sinais do respondedor de radar, caso seja necessario
deve aumentar-se a escala do radar.
a 0,5 µs; ,.
14. Largura do feixe vertical da antena: no minima de ±12,5° relativo ao respondedor
de radar na posicao horizontal;
15. Largura do feixe azimutal da antena: omnidirecional dentro de ±2 dB.
9500
:MHz
300
:MHz
t {µs)
7,5 µs
0,4 µs
- Search-and:rascue vesset
I.and 1
I
J'
Tron SARTwit~
. l rod J~I•~
optiona
mounting kitJ:;
Para assegurar que os MSI, fossem recebidos por todos os navios, a IMO e a
Organizacao Hidrografica Internacional (IHO), estabeleceram um Service Mundial de
Avisos aos Navegantes (WWNWS).
avisos a navegacao), existindo, por cada area, um pais responsavel pelas emiss5es de
inforrnacao de seguranca em ondas decametricas (HF).
Portugal esta inserido na NAY AREA II, cujo pais responsavel e a Franca.
As difusoes sao coordenadas segundo o piano das areas NAY AREA, e pertencendo as
informacoes de interesse a cada area. As informacoes costeiras e locais sac deixadas a
iniciativa dos estados costeiros. Os boletins meteorologicos nao sao considerados
• 6314 KHz
• 8416.5 KHz
• 12576 KHz
0 16806.5 KHz
• 19680.5 KHz
• 22376 KHz
. ...........·~.. ,
e 26100.5 KHz .
:. !
.._.,
\ '
A difusao por via satelite e transmitida na banda 1530 - 1545 Mhz. Em NA VTEX sera
em 518 KHZ.
r:
•'
1r r •Ir
,~
Areas de difusao
Zona-A
I Zona-B Zona-C
l Zona-D
, , 1'
I
+ CES local ,r ct
Navtex local HF
Transmissao
,. Transmissao Transmissao
~'
:!
'· 1
\
\'
~~
'
' I• .•
I
"
v
I
.,.,, o~
~~
llu.,.,•flh••
~
3'10
XVI 71..J\
C-0·~
•1 0
11!1'
~
c: JO'
"' ,.
H'!.O
XIV
XIV 0 xv VII
x \} cl17
~
VI
~
"
Este sistema utiliza a recepcao automatica a bordo, ate uma distancia de 400 milhas da
costa, por intermedio de radiotelegrafia de impressao directa (NBDP), numa
frequencia dedicada de 518 kHz (NAVTEX INTERNACIONAL).
Tambem foram atribuidas a frequencia 490 kHz que s6 podera ser utilizada no
NA VTEX NACIONAL, isto e, a difusao das mensagens em lingua nacional (s6 depois
de 1/2/99) ea frequencia 4209.5 kHz, que devera ser utilizada nos paises situados nas
zonas tropicais e sub-tropicais, devido ao forte ruido atmosferico existente naquelas
areas que limita fortemente 0 alcance nas frequencies de ondas medias (Mf'), tambem
utilizada para o NA VTEX NACION AL.
0 conceito geral do sistema NAVTEX que podera ser utilizado por navios de todos os
tamanhos e diferentes tipos esta ilustrado na fig. 1.
· Coordenador
Coordenador de Avisos Coordenador Informacoes
aos Navegantes -, \
'> SAR Meteorologicas
Coordenador
NAVTEX
ZCZC Bl B2 BJ B4
ORIGEM DA MENSAGEM
TEXTO DA MENSAGEM
NNNN
Cada mensagem corneca sempre com o grupo de quatro letras ZCZC, que e o
indicative de comeco, e sincronizacao da mensagem, seguido de um prearnbulo
constituido por um grupo de quatro caracteres (B1B2B3B4).
. ~ A
fi
'''"'J
A minima distancia entre dois emissores com o mesmo caracter B 1 devera ser a
suficiente para assegurar que um receptor de navio nunca esteja ao alcance das duas
estacoes, com o mesmo horario, ao mesmo tempo.
A IMO, estabeleceu um painel coordenador, onde dividiu por cada zona NA V AREA.
as estacoes em 4 grupos, tendo cada grupo 6 estacoes, tendo a duracao 'de cada
transmissao 10 minutes. atribuido em cada 4 horas.
.. ·····-· ···- ········-·-·······-·· -'-·"'"··•· .... ·-·-··-·•···-··-··----··· .......... --------·-·····~· ... ~·-·•'""••·------·----- ..... ·--·-·· ..-......... , ... __..., __ ~ •.- ... ·-·····•· ...······
-··•~•· ··-•··•-<-·--·- .. -~ ..·- .. ..,.._. ... ,,. ,_..u .,, ... .,, . , .. ,.~... ---.. .....,..__ .. _,.. .. __ ., ,,._, •. _._~, •• ,. _ _... , ..... .,....,~,..._...••·--- ... --·•·""~ , .. "
Certas mensagens sao designadas pela serie 00 que indica trafego urgente (mensagem
inicial de socorro ou aviso de tempestade) e serao recebidas (impressas no
equipamento) esteja ou nao o receptor program ado para elas.
ZCZC RE24
30 0550 JUL 90
MONSANTO RADIO
NO WARNINGS
. WEATHER SUMMARY 300000 UTC
HIGH 1025 32N25W
STATIONARY NO CHANGE
· ·- ----·
FORECAST VALID TO 310800 UTC
FROM RIVER MINHO TO CAPE CARVOEffiO:
ZCZC RA97
29 0247 JUL 90
MONSANTORADIO
PORTUGAL - SOUTH COAST
PORTIMAO HARBOUR
8-UOY NR 1 (LF NR 465) UNLIGHT
SINCE 290130 JUL
NNNN
As mensagens sao transmitidas pelas estay5·es pela ordem inversa de recepcao, isto e, a
ultima a ser recebida devera ser a primeira a ser transmitida.
Os avisos aos navegantes que digam respeito aos avisos costeiros e avisos de
NA V AREA, sac normalrnente repetidos em cada transmissao de horario, enquanto
estiverem em vigor.
Tern como funcao organizar e controlar ,Q~ ?avisos aos navegantes e de tambem
controlar, a informacao a ser radiodifundida e o funcionamento do service NAVTEX.
70°
70•
I
I
I
I
I
I Bod" 181
I
I
I
I
1- ----- - - - - -----
1
I
I
I
-r1
~--------! _
1 I I
I I I
60
60"---------------1 I : ,_-
I tu Aogaland IUI
I I r
'1.irmn
: I I
I I 7
II IOI Ponpamck I~-
l""' . . . - \
1- - - - - · Cullerco•i< !GI -
r· '
()j "' i •
I ', I l
i
I ~.
etnertaods ccss; Guard '"
""&.1ende [Tl
60
50°
40°
(Fl Hona•
30° - -..t.__ .
·<:--....;..;,.._
\ '
II
.France
~r. ,.
10'
o•
o•
v
Brazi!
Existem tres prioridades de mensagens, que sao usadas para indicar a ordem de
radiodifusao das mensagens pelas estacoes do service NA VTEX:
meteorol6gicos.
A IMO recomenda que o receptor NA VTEX seja ligado 8 horas antes de qualquer
navio sair de um porto, para assegurar que sejam recebidas todas as informacoes de
seguranca maritirna.
SATELITE UTILIZADORES
INMARSAT EGC
•• •' ',,,,__ .,., ••. A.•"'•'•"-'''• ·•-•-·•·•···· •·•··•••'• • • _.,. ,.,.,, ., .___,,._,~•••·"'""""''''' •••···-·- -a • .,.--··--···,_,_,
_ _.,,_ .. --..~·-·-<•~····-··•• ••••··-""'"-"'••
· ~·-··--··· ., . ,,, . ,. - , _,. ~-·· - ---~- - .. - -··~· --·· · ------~··----• __., __ , -~·,··· ,_, "''. ...,, ,.~,~-· · · --·· .. ~- ,, •... , ·--·
0 sistema EGC "SafetyNet", permite uma difusao global de avisos regionais ou locais
a navegacao, de avisos e boletins meteoro16gicos e do alerta de socorro de terra para
navio, em qualquer regiao com cobertura de satelite Inmarsat. Alem da cobertura das
areas oceanicas, o service tambern pode facultar um service de Navtex costeiro, onde
nao seja passive! o se tome muito dispendioso o seu funcionamento em· :MF·_ A
recepcao das mensagens pode ser feita utilizando um receptor dedicado, ou atraves de
um receptor integrado num equipamento SES Inmarsat.
A irnpressao directa em banda estreita NBDP, consiste numa tecnica utilizada entre um
navio e um terminal de telex internacional, ou entre estacoes de navios e estacoes
costeiras, ou na difusao de avisos. Nos dois primeiros casos o sistema funciona no
-, i -~
modo de correccao de erros por pedide.rle repeticao A-ARQ (Automatic Request
Repeat) e no ultimo caso, para a difusao funciona com correccao de erros sem via de
retorno no modo B-FEC (Forward Error Correction).
CAPITULOIV
4. PROCEDIMENTOS PARA AS COMUNICACOES DE SOCORRO E
SEGURANCA EM GMDSS
4.1 GENERALIDADES
0 alerta de socorro niio pode ser emitido sem autorizaciio do Comandante do navio.
Todas as estacoes que recebam um alerta de socorro emitido por psc, devem cessar
imediatamente toda a ernissao susceptivel de causar interferencias no trafego de
socorro e ficarem a escuta ate que tenha sido acusado a recepcao do alerta.
Alerta de socorro
A emissiio de um alerta de socorro indica que uma unidade move/ (navio, aeronave)
ou uma pessoa se encontra em perigo grave e eminente e requer ajuda imediata. 0
alerta de socorro e uma chamada selectiva digital usando um formato de· charnada,
nas bandas utilizadas para as radiocornunicacoes terrestres, ou sobre a forma de uma
mensagem de socorro, em que, neste caso, ela e enviada por estacoes espaciais.
Os alertas de socorro ernitidos no sentido navio-terra sao util izados para alertar os
centros de coordenacao de salvamento (RCC), via uma estacao costeira ou uma
estacao terrena costeira (CES), que urn navio esta em perigo. Estes alertas sao
baseados na utilizacao de transmissoes via satelite (de uma estacao terrena de navio
ou de uma EPJRB de satelite) e dos servicos terrestres (de uma estacao de navio ).
4.1.1.3 Transmissiiode um alerta de Socorro por uma estadio que nii.o esui em
perigo.
Uma estacao do service m6vel, ou rnovel por satelite, que oica que uma unidade
movel esta em perigo, devera iniciar e emitir um alerta de socorro em qualquer dos
seguintes casos:
Uma estacao que retransmita um alerta de socorro, deve indicar que nao se encontra
em pengo.
- DSC;
Radiotelefonia;
Exemplo:
MAYDAY
THIS IS
RECEIVED MAYDAY
- DE;
o sinal RRR;
Exemplo: ·
MAYDAY
CSBH
DE
GBRL
RRRMAYDAY
4·.2.3 Reconhecimento por uma estacao de navio ou por uma estacao terrena de
navio
Os metodos utilizados, pelos navios descritos nos dois ultimos paragrafos sao:
. ~.!
. ·-.'~~
- Reconhecimento em radiotelefonia, numa frequencia reservada-~i:t.
:· ..
trafego de socorro e seguranca, na mesma banda onde foi iniciado<:IL.
alerta;
Seo alerta de socorro for transmitido em HF, nao devera ser dado o reconhecimento.
Se uma estacao costeira, nao der o reconhecimento apos 3 minutos, devera a estacao
de navio, transmitir um rele de alerta de socorro.
situacao).
Qualquer estacao de navio, que nao participe no trafego de socorro, fica interdita em
. transmitir na frequencia em que o trafego de socorro tenha lugar, ate receber uma
mensagem indicando que o trafego normal possa recomecar.
Exemplo:
MAYDAY
.: I -.
HELLO ALL STATION&.p v~~esY'
THIS IS
ARABELLA GFOT
SEELONCE FEENEE
A chamada CQ;
- SILENCE FINI .
Exemplo:
MAYDAY
CQ '···,
i-'::'
DE
CSDF
ARABELLA/GFOT
SILENCE FINI
3023 KHz
4125 Kl-fz
5680 KHz
Canal 6 (VHF)
Salva-vidas;
EPIRB's; .'.:\
·.
., . '\
~-- Respondedores de radar (SART's); x ,
- Unidades de busca,
j.::·
·- <, _'--- .
0 sinal e mensagem de urgencia, devem ser emitidos nas frequencias previstas para o
trafego de socorro.
..
Em radiotelefonia, a mensagem de urgencia deve ser precedida pelo sinal de
urgencia, repetido 3 vezes, e da identificacao da estacao que transmite.
THIS IS
PAN PAN
DE
SEASHIP
. i ":
Numero e tipo dos transportes··Sa.n1tarios;
- Rota prevista;
conforme o caso;
- Categoria - URGENCE~
4-13
GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e SeguranyaMaritimo)
4.2.11 Seguranca
Exemplo:
TIDSIS ::.1
Exemplo:
SECURITE
DE
GALP LEIXOES
Estes sinais tern por objectivo, atrair a atencao do operador que esteja a escuta, ou
fazer funcionar os aparelhos automaticos que dao o alanne (auto-alarrnes), ou ainda
activar um dispositivo que accione um altifalante para recepcao da mensagem que se
segue (receptor automatico do sina1 de alarrne).
Os periodos de silencio sao duas vezes por hora, durante tres minutos, comecando as
xHOO e xH30 UTC.
·~ !
Regra geral, os navios devem dar a sua posicao em graus e minutos de latitude e
longitude. Dentro do possivel, devera ser indicada a marcacao verdadeira e a
distancia em milhas maritimas, em relacao a um ponto geografico conhecido.
Chamada de socorro;
- Mensagem de socorro.
No caso em gue a estacao m6vel em perigo nao receba 'resposta a sua mensagem de
socorro, podera repetir a mesma em qualquer outra frequencia disponivel, por meio
da qual possa chamar a atencao.
'·
Para as estacoes que, sem duvida alguma, nao se encontrem nas imediacoes, deverao
deixar decorrer um breve intervalo antes de acusarem o recebido, a fim <las estacoes
que se encontrem mais perto possam responder e acusar o recebido sem
interferencias.
recebido.
vezes);
::\
Toda a estacao movel que deu o entendido a uma mensagem de socorro deve, por
ordem do Comandante, fornecer logo que, possivel as seguintes informacoes pela
ordem indicada:
- Nome do navio;
. Posicao do navio;
a estacao a estacao
"v, '-
silencio, quer a todas as estacoes do service movel na zona, guer a uma estacao que
A palavra SEELONCE;
Qualquer estacao, enquanto nao receber uma mensagem indicando que podem
retomar o trabalho normal, e interdito a todas as estacoes que tenham conhecimento
do trafego de socorro, mas que nele nao participem, emitirnas frequencias em que
ten ha lugar o respective trafego.
Terminado o trafego de socorro numa frequencia que tenha sido utilizada para o
efeito, a estacao que teve a seu cargo a orientacao do trafego, transrnitira, na dita
..
frequencia, uma mensagem dirigida a todas as estacoes, indicando que se pode
reiniciar o trabalho normal.
A mensagern compreendera:
......._·-··-.
. 1 -,
para o trafego de socorro, a estacao que tern a seu cargo a direccao, transmitira na
dita frequencia uma mensagem dirigida A TODAS AS ESTA~OES (CQ), indicando
que o trabalho se pode reiniciar com restricoes.
Uma estacao movel, ou uma estacao costeira que tenha conhecimento de estar em
perigo uma estacao movel, deve transmitir uma mensagem de socorro nos seguintes
casos:
i :.·
A chamada compreende:
As estacoes m6veis que oicam o sinal de urgencia deverao permanecer a escuta, pelo
menos durante 3 minutos. Decorrido esse tempo, se nao for escutado qualquer
mensagem de urgencia, devera, se for possivel, notificar uma estacao costeira, da
recepcao do sinal de urgencia, apos o que podera reiniciar-se o trabalho normal.
As mensagens de seguranca, com excepcao das transmitidas a uma hora fixa, o sinal ·
de seguranca no service move! maritimo, devera transmitir-se no fim do primeiro
periodo de silencio, efectuando-se a transmissao da mensagem imediatamente a
seguir numa frequencia de trabalho.
Numa situacao que requer uma consulta.rnuito rapida o uso do sinal de urgencia
.......... "·
."·\ -, -
"PAN PAN", transmitido 3 vezes, (:,' 'recomendado
,, . \ '
para haver uma prioridade da
mesma.
As mensagens respeitantes aos conselhos medicos deverao ser breves e conter certas
informacoes basicas, acerca do doente.
0 sexo do paciente;
- Idade;
- Os sintomas;
i ·~
.......__ .
··~-
4.5 SINAL DE AVISO AOS NAVEGANTES
Este sinal tem por objectivo atrair a atencao da pessoa que esteja ct escuta mediante
um altifalante normal, ou um altifalante com filtro, ou ainda activar um dispositivo
que accione automaticamente um altifalante para a difusao da rnensagem que sera
transmitida de seguida.
Este sinal e transrnitid,p na frequencia de 2182 KHz. e devera ser seguido por urna
transmissao em radiotelefonia, dando a identificacao e posicao do navio.
CAPITULOV
5. PROCEDIMENTOS OPERACIONAIS PARA AS
COMUNICACCES GERAIS
Nele vem especificado os sete metodos de sinalizacao que podem ser utilizados. Sao
eles:
Radiotelegrafia;
Radiotelefonia;
Radiocornunicacoes.
Desta maneira, e intencao deste c6digo ser uma linguagem aceitavel, utilizando a I
lingua inglesa, para a compreensao entre todos os maritimos, nas mais variadas
situacoes.
Um meio util de fazer a linguagem mais simples e indicar no inicio, da mensagem, que
tipo de mensagem se vai seguir. Deste modo, se uma pergunta vai ser feita, o operador
diz somente a palavra "QUESTION", antes da pergunta a que se refere. Se um
conselho vai ser dado, o operador diz a palavra "ADVISE", antes da sua mensagem.
Para cada palavra-chave de uma mensagem, existe uma palavra-chave para resposta.
Palavras chaves:
1. QUESTION ANSWER
7. INTENTION \
. INSTRUCTION RECEIVED
\\
i ~--
-. . ~.'--·
Exemplos:
Instruction received: You intend to reduce speed, new speed six knots
normalmente usados
Os navios que tenham uma instalacao radiotelefonica, deverao ser providos dos
seguintes documentos:
J . Licenca da estacao;
2. Certificado de operador;
3. Diano da estacao;
-- ......-~ ... v.
\
4. Lista das Estacoes Costeiras; ' \
' '·'
5. Manual para o Service Movel Maritimo e M6vel Maritimo por satelite.
Os navios que tenham uma instalacao GMDSS, deverao ser providos dos seguintes
docurnentos:
1. Licenca da estacao;
2. Certificado de operador;
3. Diario da estacao;
Os navios poderao tarnbem ter as Listas "ALRS". As listas do Admiralty Lists of Radio
Signals (ALRS), sao uma publicacao do Institute Hidrografico da Marinha Inglesa, de
. interesse para os navios.
- Volume V GMDSS;
Pilotos.
As Administracoes podem isentar os navios que naveguem somente na area Al, dos
documentos mencionados nos paragrafos 4 a 7.
0 diario da estacao GMDSS, devera ser mantido nas estacoes de navios e sempre
actualizado.
c) Porto de Registo;
d) Tonelagem;
e) Numero da IMO;
a) Nome;
b) Data de embarque;
c) Numero do certificado;
d) Classe de Certificado;
\,
lancados no diario.
Estas materias excepto os pontos a), b) e c) da Seccao C, ainda nao estao definidas
pela Administracao Portuguesa, pois a UIT e a IMO dao completa abertura para os
Os elementos descritos nos paragrafos anteriores, sao normas adoptadas pelo Reino
Unido (UK).
seguranca;
c) 0 inicio da escuta de 2182 KHz a saida para o mar e fim da mesma escuta a
chegada a qualquer porto;
a) Posicao do navio;
5-7
GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Seguranca Maritimo)
·- ·-- ..·-· .... ·-----··--··· , ....... , __ ·-·----~ ..... --····· ·· .. ,_ .. ,_ ..
, ~·-~-.. . . - . . . .--- ---·.. ····~-·....-.·- .... -~~---·- -·
.. ·-··· , .......•
Sao proibidas todas as transmissoes com sinais de identificacao falsos ou que possam
induzir a engano.
Exemplo:
CSBT;D4GL
- Dois caracteres (na condicao de que o segundo, seja uma letra), seguidos
de quatro algarismos, nao sendo 0 nem 1 o que se segue imediatamente as
letras; ou
- ESTACOES COSTEIRAS:
- Nome geografico do lugar, tal corno conste na lista das estacoes costeiras,
seguido da palavra radio.
Exemplo:
Lisboaradio; Rogalandradio
ESTACOES DE NAVIOS:
Exemplo:
- . ;i
--....:···-.
ESTA('OES DE AERONAVES:· · \
\,
Por urna palavra que designe a empresa de transportes aereos, seguido do
numero de voo.
Exemplo:
TAP205
Quatro algarismos.
Cinco algarismos
As identificacoes no Servico M6vel Maritimo (MMSI), sao constituidas por uma serie
de nove algarismos, transmitidos pelo trajecto radioelectrico, com a finalidade de
MIDXXXXXX
2 - Europa
3 - America do No11e
6 - Africa
7 - America do Sul
Os ultimos tres X, poderao ser zeros, quando o navio realize ligacoes automaticas
atraves <las redes publicas telef6nicas ou telex.
OMIDXXXXX
\\ '
entre 0 e 9.
OOMIDXXX.X
- 4+MID+5 digitos.
A pessoa investida desta autoridade devera exigir, nao so que cada operador observe
\ \ . '
5.2. 7 Sigilo
. ~
>i
::;
. ··1 .
~:-<'·~·-~'.:~;-:_!.~i-: · ..
5.2.8 INTERFERENCIAS E ENSAIOS
As transmissoes inuteis;
Testes Diaries:
Testes Semanais:
do canal 16.
TESTESMENSAIS:
b) Os SART's;
c) Os VHF portateis;
Testes Diarios:
Testes Semanais:
a) 0 alanne radiotelef6nico de socorro no transmissor sem irradiacao;
Testes Mensais
Quando for necessario fazer testes de sinais, para ajustamento do transmissor, antes de
se fazer uma chamada, a duracao de emissao desses sinais nae deve ser superior a dez
segundos.
0 service destas estacoes costeiras, devera ser continue (dia e noite). Certas estacoes
poderao ter um service que nao seja continue. As horas de service dessas estacoes sao
publicados na lista das Estacoes Costeiras, da UIT.
0800-1200
1600-1800
2000-2200
e, alem deste horario, - um servico de quatro horas nos periodos fixados pela
Administracao, 0 Comandante OU a pessoa responsavel, com 0 objectivo de atender as
necessidades essenciais das cornunicacoes do navio, tendo em conta as condicoes de
propagacao e das exigencias do trafego.
0800-1200
mais duas horas continuas de service entre as 1800-2200, nos periodos fixados pela
Administracao, o Comandante ou a pessoa responsavel e ainda, um service de duas
horas, com o objectivo de atender as necessidades essenciais das comunicacoes do
navio, tendo em conta as condicoes de propagacao e as exigencias do trafego.
As estacoes de navio cujo service nae seja permanente rHio poderao da-lo por
terminado:
a) Sern que tenham acabado todas as operacoes motivadas por uma chamada
de socorro, ou de um sinal de urgencia, ou de seguranca;
Toda a estacao de navio que, como sequencia da sua imediata chegada a um porto,
devera:
b) Nao dar por terrninado o seu service antes de ter despachado o trafego
pendente, a nao ser que as disposicoes em vigor no pais em que faca escala
o irnpeca.
! ·.
reabertura do seu service, tao pronto quanto a"-i disposicoes em vigor no pais do porto
de saida o permitem.
5.2.14 ESCUTAS
Todos OS navios com estacoes GMDSS, enquanto estiverem no mar, deverao manter
Ate 30 de Janeiro de 1999, todos os navios deverao manter, quando praticavel, uma
escuta continua na ponte, no canal 16 em VHF, a navegar.
Ate 30 de Janeiro de 1999, todos os navios deverao manter, uma escuta continua, na
frequencia de 2182 KHz, na ponte do navio, quando a navegar.
Este service e destinado a todos os navios mercantes com uma tonelagem superior a
1000 TAB e que fazem viagens com uma duracao superior a 24 horas.
Estas mensagens poderao ser enviadas para as estacoes costeiras de todo o mundo,
que participam neste service e que vem indicadas na lista das estacoes que fazem
services especiars,
As mensagens AMVER, deverao ser enderecadas no caso dum navio, pelo sistema
INMARSAT (telex), como nos exemplos seguintes:
91/08/01 1330UTC
AMVER/ SP//
Al MARAO I CSDMll
BI 010145Z //
-, I .:
NNNN
Nota: no sailing plan acima exemplificado, nao estao incluidos todos os _pontos de
rnudanca de rumo ate alcancar Genova, pois tornar-se-ia exaustiva, visto que nesta
viagem a alteracao de rumo era praticamente diaria.
zczc
FM: MARAO/CSDM
91/08/02 1330UTC
AMVERIPR//
A I MARAO I CSDM II
5-21
GMO SS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Seguranca Maritimo)
B 102nooz11
EI 294 II
FI 105 II
NNNN
zczc
FM: MARAOICSDM
91/08/15 0400UTC
AMVER/DR//
A I MARAO I CSDM II
BI 1504002 II
.:.1
GI TENERIFE 128 29.4N I 016 11.6W,/I \,
Nota: no desviation report acima exemplificado, nao estao incluidos todos os pontos
de rnudanca de rumo ate alcancar Taranto, pois tornar-se-ia exaustiva, visto que nesta
viagem a alteracao de rumo era praticamente diaria.
zczc
FM: MARAOICSDM
91108122 0905UTC
AMVERIFRll
A I MARAO I CSDM II
NNNN -
Em radiotelefonia, na banda 1605 - 4000 KHz, (MF) teremos a classe de -emissao HJE
ou BE na frequencia de 2182 KHz. Nas restantes frequencias J3E.
Exemplo:
Quando uma estacao chamada nao responder a chamada emitida tres vezes com
intervalos de dois minutos, a chamada devera cessar e podera ser renovada depois de
um intervalo de tres minutos.
- o nome do navio, seguido duma so letra (ALFA, BRA Vb, etc.), que
indique a subestacao (tres vezes no. maximo);
.~.
\
,_
\ -,
...... , ,,
- o nome do navio seguido de uma {mica palavra (ALFA, BRAVO, etc.), que
indique a subestacao.
(I) (2)
This is This is
Over Over
(3)
Rogaland Radio
Roger
(4) (5)
This is This is
Do you read me ? Reading you load and clear please spell your ship name
Over Over
(6)
Rogaland Radio
Should like to have a Iinkcall with Qfl.9 487649, accounting code November
Over
Apes a finalizacao da ligacao telefonica, o fim de trabalho entre duas estacoes, devera
ser indicado pela palavra ..OUT', ou VA (soletrado como Victor Alfa, em caso de
dificuldade linguistica).
As chamadas privadas, sao todas aquelas que deferem das chamadas de socorro,
segurarn~~a, urgencia e de service.
Nas listas das estacoes costeiras vem especificado as informacoes das facilidades que
cad a estacao oferece no service radiotelefonico.
Chamadas conferencia;
Chamadas pessoais - e a pedida para ter lugar entre o numero do solicitante, que
podera indicar o seu nome e uma pessoa especifica. A pessoa solicitada devera ser
adequadamente descrita (pelo nome, cargo, etc.).
Chamada com cartao de credito - sao as realizadas nos paquetes, pelos passageiros
poderem usufruir <las varias cabines existentes no navio.
Para alem <las cornunicacoes de socorro e seguranca, o DSC podera ser utilizado para
as chamadas de rotina navio/estacao costeira, estacao costeira/navio e navio/navio,
Uma vantagem do DSC, e quando uma estacao costeira deseja entrar em cornunicacao
com um navio especifico, e o pode fazer numa frequencia comum de chamada, isto e,
por exemplo 8415 KHz.
Embora todos os navios que estejam dentro do alcance d~ frequencia emitida pela
estacaocosteira, recebam a chamada, somente o navio chamado respondera a chamada
e aparecera no monitor de video uma indicacao de chamadarecebida, sendo rejeitada
pelos outros navies.
A razao disto acontecer e que cada navio ou estacao costeira tern uma identificacao de
service movel maritimo (MMSI), que e um c6digo de nove digitos, que so identifica o
navio ou a estacao costeira, ou um grupo de estacoes (navios pertencentes a uma
As frequencias, utilizadas pelos navies ~·$ta96es costeiras estao associadas nas varias
bandas, como se mostra no quadro i' (fre~ uen~ias 1 intemacionais ). As frequencias
nacionais, sao atribuidas a cada estacao costeira nas bandas de 1605 - 4000 KHz e
As estacoes costeiras podem tambem utilizar essa frequencia para chamar os navios de
outra nacionalidade.
12577.SKHz 12657KHz
i: ...
18898.5 KHz ·'-............ 19703.5 KHz
Quando se chama uma estacao de navio, as estacces costeiras podem .. transmitir a sua
chamada numa sequencia de 2 vezes com um intervalo de 45 segundos entre elas, Se a
chamada for realizada nas frequencias nacionais consignadas, a estacao costeira podera
transmitir uma chamada, cinco vezes, numa mesma frequencia.
Se a estacao chamada nao der o reconhecirnento fl chamada sera feita novamente apes
um periodo de 5 minutos de intervalo. Normalmente o intervalo podera ser de 15
minutes.
Um navio quando inicia uma charnada a uma estacao costeira, devera utilizar de
preferencia a frequencia .nacional de chamada consignada a estacao costeira ou a
frequencia de 2189.5 KHz ou numa das frequencias do quadro I
Formato (endereeo ):
rotina (routine);
',,
:)'
- seleccionado automaticamente.
Exemplo:
0044517337211#
Para uma chamada navio/navio, teremos ap6s o pnmeiro passo, atras referido o.
seguinte procedimento:
008731234567#
5.3.4 RADIOTELEGRAMAS
-~
escrito destinado a ser transmitido por telegrafia, a fim de ser entregue ao destinatario,
Texto (TXT)
Assinatura (SIG)
5.3.4.1.1 PREAMBULO
1. 0 nome da estacao de origem tal como figura na Lista das Estacoes Costeiras.
4. Data e hora de deposito do radiotelegrama. A data ea hora sao indicados por dois
grupos de algarismos. 0 primeiro designa o dia do mes (1a31) e o segundo a hara
e OS minutos (0000 a 2359). A hora de deposito sera indicada: sempre em relacao a
hora UTC.
5. A mencao de service
.
eventual, conforme
' . o caso:
'
\ \ '· .
CTF - retificacao seguira
T odas estas indicacoes de service eventuais, seguem-se aos grupos data e hora, nao
sendo taxaveis.
5.3.4.1.2 ENDERE'CO
Toda a direccao para ser admitida devera conter, pelo menos, duas palavras:
Exemplos:
Exemplos:
1. DIREC<;Ao COMPLETA;
2. DIREC<;AO REGISTADA;
3. DIREC<;Ao TELEX;
4. DIREC<;AO TELEFONICA;
·~ .......·~ .......
.:·.I
5. DIREC<;AO CAIXA POST AL; ,\
'·· \ '
7. DIREC<;Ao FACSIMILE;
c) A estacao do destino.
Se o expedidor desejar que o seu radiotelegrama seja entregue por telex, devera
constar no endereco:
- a estacao de destino.
Se o expedidor desejar que o seu radiotelegrama seja enviado pelo telefone, devera
Constar no endereco:
- a indicacao do service TFx (sendo x o numero de telefone);
- a estacao de destino.
- o apelido do destinatario;
S~ o expedidor desejar que o seu radiotelegrama seja entregue por Fax, devera constar
no endereco:
2. PORTLINE Lisboa
5.3.4.1.3 TEXTO
.. ·.{~-
- GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Seguranca Maritimo)
:
.. ']. 5-39
,.,l
0 texto podera ser igualrnente expresso em outra forma, baseada no uso dos seguintes
caracteres:
a) letras do alfabeto;
b) numeros;
INDICACOES DE SERVICO
. --....····-.
:.1
., · . '
a seguranca
\ \
A Correspondencia de service
·~
GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Seguranca Maritimo) 5-40
5.3.4.3 RADIOTELEGRAMAS FACULTATIVOS
LT Telegramas-Cartas
INDICACOES DE SERV~CO
LX Impresses de luxe
Tudo o que o expedidor de um radiotelegrama pedir para ser transmitido sera taxado.
Quando o"' numero de palavras taxaveis for diferente do numero de palavras reais,
indicam-se os dois numeros, separados por um trace de fraccao, sendo o numero de
palavras taxaveis indicado em primeiro lugar.
Exemplo:
CK 23/21
Quando o numero de palavras taxaveis for igual ao numero de palavras reais, esse
numero e indicado uma so vez.
Exemplo:
CK26
A contagem de palavras efectuada pela estacao de origem deve ser respeitada, quer na
transmissao, quer nas contas internacionais, excepto para os ra.diotelegramas
originarios de navios. Nos radiotelegramas originarios de estacoes moveis maritimas a
contagem das palavras feita pela estacao terrestre e decisiva.
Exemplo:
QTB - nao estou de acordo com a sua contagem de palavras. Repita a primeira letra
de cada palavra e o primeiro algarismo de cada numero.
- Enderec;o (Address);
Texto (Text);
Exemplos:
Exemplo:
Exernplo:
3560 CULTEXP+
GA+?
TGM+
MSG+
JOAO JOSE
JOAO
NNNN
12345
+?
- o nome do destinatario;
Exemplo:
MILU
A BRAGNCSDE 2 5 19 1600 =
LISBOA LISBOARADIO =
LUIS COSTA RAJAJ
RAJAJ e urna expressao constante no codigo e abreviaturas para uso dos Services
Internacionais de Telecomunicacoes, para alern de muitas outras expressoes que
correspondern aos multiples casos previsiveis na dificuldade da entrega dos
radiotelegramas.
'''·•
1:::·
Cada Administracao pode organizar um se'fVi9o de cartas radiomaritimas, entre as
estacoes de navio e as estacoes costeiras.
Tai correspondencia e transmitida por radio entre o navio e uma estacao costeira.
Este tipo de radiotelegrama leva a indicacao de service SLT. Esta indicacao precede o
endereco.
0 endereco tera de ser redigido de forma a nao conter duvidas, para a sua entrega ao
destinatario.
Sao de aceitacao obrigat6ria e diferentes dos que levam as indicacoes de service SVH,
OBS, RCT, A, ETAT ou ETATPRIORITE.
... I
b) taxa de linha;
quer em "special drawing rights" (SDR) OU em "gold francs" (FO), para a secretaria da
UJT, pela Administracao da estacao costeira. 1 SDR==0.361FO.
Quando uma so estacao costeira e utilizada como intermediaria entre 2 navios, sao
cobradas 2 taxas costeiras. Se a taxa costeira aplicavel ao trafego com o navio de
' ·\, . '\
origem e diferente do que ab aplicavelno trafego cotn o navio de destine, e cobrada a
··.. .>
soma das 2 taxas.
a) taxa Costeira;
b) taxa de linha;
d) taxa fixa.
Para se obter a duracao das chamadas telex, basta fazer um conjunto de 4 "K" no final
da comunicacao.
Exemplo:
Uma chamada automatica com a duracao de 45 segundos e taxada como tendo sido de
48 segundos, isto e, teve a duracao de 8 impulsos.
Estas chamadas sao taxadas na base de 3 minutos como taxa minima, com incrementos
de 1 minuto por impulso.
Exemplo:
As chamadas telex automaticas te¢.. uma taxa com a duracao minima de 6 segundos,
-, i:::
com incrementos de 6 segundos por impulse.
As chamadas manuais tern sempre uma sobretaxa, aplicavel pela estacao costeira.
A taxa e sempre referente ao numero de palavras e so podem ser transmitidos via telex.
Nao ha uniformidade nas taxas de uma estacao costeira de um pais, pois diferentes
taxas sao aplicaveis consoante se utiliza a banda de MF, HF e VHF. Como exemplo,
podemos focar que as taxas na banda de HF sao mais caras do que na banda de VHF.
Exemplo:
Uma chamada com uma duracao de 1 minuto e 30 segundos, e taxada como tivesse 3
minutos.
Uma chamada com uma duracao de 4 minutos e 30 segundos, e taxada como tivesse 5
minutos.
As taxas especiais para as chamadas pessoais (personal calls), dos navios para as
estacces costeiras, quer as que sao cobradas no local do destino, se admitidas, devem
ser aplicadas no service manual (intervencao do operador).
Nas chamadas pessoais no sentido terra/navio, nao e cobrada nenhuma taxa especial.
Exemplo:
Isto significa que a taxa costeira (CC) e de 60 centimes do franco-ouro e que a taxa de
linha e de 18 centimes do franco-ouro por palavra, sendo a taxa por radiotelegrama
1.15 francos-ouro.
Nos radiotelefonemas a taxa e indicada normalmente pelo valor a cobrar por cada
minuto.
i :·
Exemplo:
Este c6digo deve ser indicado sempre na ultima linha do preambulo, como indicacao
de service eventual e nao e taxado.
Os detalhes do CIAC, vem expresso na Lista <las Estacoes de Navio (parte II, coluna
11).
HF High Frequency
Ondas Curtas
ID Identifification Digts
Jdentifica9ao (codigo atribuido a um navio)
KHZ kilohertz
Kilohertz
MF Medium Frequency
Ondas Medias
MHz Megahertz
Megahertz
. I
···1
J
ANEXOS
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..................... --. ---·-··----··· --·- ·-·-·~·-··· . ···--·· ·---···· -·-···-~··· --··-- ...... -·· ..
.. . . . ' _ .. - .. •••., • ... ,~M•••lo-.,·-•eo•- --op-•-•·<t• ,,,,.- .•.•. - .•• ,.,,.,., ..._,, .... _ •. .,.~···••••••••to"'-•
ANEXOl
ABREVIATURAS DO CODIGO DOS "O's" MAIS UTILIZADAS
NO SERVICO MOVEL MARITIMO
. :· <:· .'·: :' ·:.:. .· ·.=:· ·.: .. : >. : .·. : ; '. •' :.,.·>· :.,~: . ·=:·: ·: .. :--:. ·><··: ·,: ,"• '• '>
:Abrv·: ·:.:. ,::..Pergunta
= ·.
,:,.;.::,.;.: ·:-...,,, ... ,:.::,:- '::·;.,:·
.. :
.. ::.,'..:::.: .... : .,:,.: :.=::.:. · .....
· ·Resposta
,., .', ,.·. ::::,.:. :·
o~l aviso
,.,::,.;:;::;;: ..::::::.:.•.• :·,.:::· ..;:;:':·:;.,:.
.
.·.::::;.;:,':·:·:·:·:·:.;.;.:.,.·:·.: ..
!
r
( ou da sua estacao )? minha minha estacao) e ...
I QRC Por que exploracao particular As contas das taxas da minha
!
I (ou adrninistracao de Estado)
se liquidam as contas das'taxas .exploracao particular ... (ou .P_ela
' \
'
-...
v,
estacao sao liquidadas pela
I
! da sua estacao?
·........ ~"'--
adrninistracao de Estado ... )
f
I
f QRJ Quantas chamadas Tenho chamadas
radiotelef6nicas tern radiotelef6nicas pendentes
pendentes?
indicativo de chamada OU
2. Fracamente
3. Moderadamente
4. Fortemente
5. Muito fortemente
l. De nenhum modo
2. Fracamente
3. Moderadamente
4. F ortemente
5. Mui to fortemente
"
QRS Devo transmitir mais devagar? Transmita mais devagar ( ...
palavras por minuto)
QRY Quale a rninha vez? (refere-se A sua vez e o numero ... (ou
as comunicacoes) consoante qualquer outra
indicacao) (refere-se as
comunicacoes)
2. Fraca
3. Regular
4. Boa
5. Muito boa
QSO Pode comunicar com ... (nome Posso comurucar com ... (nome
·OU indicativo de chamada ou ou indicativo de chamada ou
ambos) directamente (ou por ambos) directamente (ou por
rele)? intermedio de . .. )
NOT AS:
ANEX02
ALFABETO FONETICO
!
~
t!
~
~
/!.1
ii
A Alfa ALFA
1l
i) B Bravo BRAVO
;l
it.i1
'i c Charlie TCHARLI
f.1
il \ ·. -,
~~ D Delta I ~·
DELTA
'.i ....
,,
::i
E Echo ECO
'I
}:
1'·
'i F Foxtrot FOCSTROTE
~i
dI
.. ,
·1! G Golf GOLFE
,·I
v Victor VICTA
w Whiskey UICEQUI
x X-ray ECSERREI
y Yankee IAN QUI
z Zulu. ZULU
0 Nadazero Na-da-ze-ro
Unaone U-na-uann
2 Bissotwo Bis-so-tu
3 Terrathree Te-rra-cu-ri
4 Kartefour Car-te-fo-ua
--.. ..-
5 Pantafive ·. \ Pan-ta-fai-vi
\
6 Soxisix \ Sok-ci-cikss
7 Seiteseven Se-te-cev'n
8 Oktoeight Ok-to-eit
9 Novenine No-ve-nai-na
Estados Unidos
l
~
u Costa Oeste Boston (Guarda Costeira)
~
J
It Chatham Radio
~.,
.!
:) Oceangate Radio
'
,;
Pensuco Radio
Seatle Radio
Canada
~~~~~~~1-.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Seguranca Maritimo) A3-1
rr·:
$,.. -
Belgica Oostende Radio
Roma Radio
Russia N ovorossiysk-Radio.
Singapura Radio
:
Hong Kong Cape D' Aguilar Radio
Choshi\ Radio
\ .
·\, ·,
j:.:
Perth Radio
Gnangara A
Brasil Tangua AC
China Beijing AC AC
India Arvi AC
Grecia Thermoyplae AC
Irao Boumehed AC
Correia Kumsan AC AC
Noruega Eik A A AC
Polonia· Psary AC A
Portugal Sintra c
Russia Nakhodka AC
Turquia Ata AC AC
Anatolia A
li
Staten Island AMB
USA-W Niles Canyon AMB
;:, !
+
p
/
/
. :.=i, ''
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'
0
GMDSS (Sistema Global de Socorro e Scguranc;a Marilimo)
AJ-6
•'
..
.. '
-- . . <,
.
.; I
+
I
' '
.. I',,. ..
'
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-
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I
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\
\
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.
•
N
c
o.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
. .
Convencao Internacional para a Salvaguarda da Vida Humana no Mar de 1960, Diorio do
Governo Nr.127 de 31 Maio de.1966, Ji-Serie.
-, i::
--
·. ...~ .........
1981 Arnendements to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974,
IMO Nr.092 82 01.E.
I 1983 Amendements to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974,
IMO Nr.097 83 10.E.
j Amendernents to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974
concerning Radiocommunications for the Global Maritime Distress an Safety System,
IMO Nr.156 89 06.E.
;I
·~
Inmarsat Maritime Communications Handbook, lnmarsat February 1994.
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