INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (IMA)

O Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) fornece computação (cálculos), recursos de processamento

de dados de memória e entrada/saída, compartilhadas entre vários aplicativos aviônicos

O Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) é composto principalmente do duplo Gabinete Central de

Avionicos (Core Avionic Cabinets - CAC 1& 2).

O termo CAC (Core Avionics Gabinete) representa um conjunto de equipamentos composto de um

rack e de cartões.

Na configuração básica, cada CAC é composto por:

- 1 CPM (Core Processing Module) - As CPMs fornecer recursos compartilhados de memória e de

computação para executar aplicações nos aviônicos hospedados.

- 1 IOM-S (Input/Output Module) - Este Módulo IO é dedicado a fornecer entradas /saídas ARINC e
DISCRETAS para todas as funções.

- 1 IOM-AP (Input/Output Module) - Este Módulo IO é dedicado a fornecer entradas e saidas

discretas e analógicas para aplicação do Auto-Flight.

- 2 IOM-DC (Input/Output Module) - O OIM - DC fornece entradas e saidas discretas e analógicas

para Aplicação concentrador de dados (DCA - Data Concentration Application).

- 1 SWM (gateway and SWitch Module) - Módulo de portas de entrada e switches - Este módulo é
dedicado a unir dados de CPM e outros Avionics assinantes da rede

Os meios de comunicação é baseado na rede AFDX (Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet),

ligando rede assinantes através SWM.
As principais aplicações hospedadas pelos gabinetes centrais de aviónicos são:
- Flight Warning (FWA)
- Auto-Flight (AFCA)
- Centralized Maintenance (CMA) (only on CAC 1)
- Data Concentration (DCA)

Os CAC 1 e 2 comunicam-se com cinco unidades de display (DU) e sistemas por meio de
diferentes formatos de barras de comunicação de dados:
- AFDX: Avionics Full DupleX switched ethernet
- A429: ARINC 429
- Analogic
- Discretes

Duas das cinco unidades de display (DU2 e DU4) são dedicados a duas outras funções:
- Flight Management Application (FMA)
- Radio Management Application (RMA)
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

The CPM, IOM AP& DC, IOM S and SWM cards are connected to the 28VDC aircraft electrical network.
The power supply details are shown in the table below :

CAC CAC CARD DC BUS SUPPLY (C/B)

CPM 1 & IOM S 1 DC EMER BUS
CAC 1 (Upper Panel CPM 1 / IOM S 1)
IOM AP 11 DC EMER BUS
(Upper Panel FGCP CHAN 1 / IOM AP 1)
IOM DC 12 DC STBY BUS
(Upper Panel IOM DC 12)
IOM DC 13 DC STBY BUS
(Upper Panel IOM DC 13)
SWM 1 DC EMER BUS
(Upper Panel SWM 1)
CPM 2 & IOM S 2 DC ESS BUS SEC1
CAC 2 (Upper Panel CPM 2 / IOM S 2)
IOM AP 21 DC ESS BUS SEC1
(Upper Panel FGCP CHAN 2 / IOM AP 2)
IOM DC 22 DC ESS BUS SEC2
(Upper Panel IOM DC 22)
IOM DC 23 DC ESS BUS SEC2
(Upper Panel IOM DC 23)
SWM 2 DC ESS BUS SEC1
(Upper Panel SWM 2)

EFIS CONTRL PANEL

The control panel for FWS management is composed of two EFCPs

(1)PROCMENUpb
Enables to display the “Procedure Menu” in the procedure window. (2)MANDELpb
Enables to delete manually inserted procedures. (3)CLRpb
Enables to clear the clearable alert messages and procedures displayed in the alerting window and in the
procedure window.
(4)RCLpb
- A first press enables to display (in the alerting window) the alert messages previously
cleared but still detected.
- A second press scrolls down the alert messages list in case of overflow in the alerting window.
(5)(6)D. /V pbs
Enables to move on upward (respectivly downward) line boxing in the procedure window.
(7)Vpb
Enables to validate (boxed item) an action or to activate a boxed procedure or status.
 Data to be displayed by the CDS are organized in “format” so as to provide a coherent set of information.
There are 3 main formats :
The Primary Flight Display (PFD) format that groups data related to the flight and auto flight.
The Multi Function Display (MFD) format that groups data mainly related to navigation,
communication and aircraft system status.
The Engine and Warning Display (EWD) that groups data related to flight control, engine primary parameters and crew
alerting.

Each format is divided in several windows. The upper window of MFD can display several pages.

Nominal format configuration

DISPLAY UNITS (DU)

The Display Units DU1, DU2, DU3, DU4 and DU5 show the display images necessary for the control, monitoring and safe
navigation of the aircraft. They have interfaces with most of the aircraft systems.
(1) Luminance sensors
For integrated automatic dimming (illumination data is provided to the core processing
function in order to adjust the brightness command for the display backlighting function).

(2) Contrast setting (3) Brightness setting (4) Power

switch

(5) ON/OFF light

White when ON, dark when OFF

(6) Compact Flash Card slot The slots are used to insert the data cards containing performance, navigation, and company
specific databases.
All the DU, are equipped with the same slot, but only the DU 2 and 4, dedicated for the FMA
and RMA, have data card.

COLOR CODING : For text color refer to chap 1.00 (Color reference table)
CONTROL PANELS

EFis Control Panel (EFCP)

The EFis Control Panel allows to control the display of MFD pages, to control some Navigation Display (ND)
functionalities and to control the Warning Display (WD) format (through the Flight Warning Application).
The 2 EFCPs are located on the center pedestal.

EFCP L and EFCP R are divided in 3 groups of dedicated controls :

MFD control
NAV control
Warning Display (WD) control

MFD PAGE
This part of the EFCPs allows the selection of the different MFD pages :

SYST PAGE
Four different system pages can be displayed on the MFD, by pressing the SYS push button
consecutively.
 ND PAGE
Three different ND format can be displayed on the MFD, by pressing on the ND push button, and then by selecting the format
on the NAV control.

PERF PAGE
The performance page can be displayed, by pressing on the PERF push button.

MISC PAGE
In provision for further developpement.

VD PAGE
In provision for video display

MAP PAGE
In provision for airport mapping display

NAV CONTROL
This part of the EFCPs allows to control navigation information display on PFD and ND
format :

This area is composed of 4 push buttons and 1 rotary knob :

BRG1(2)push button :
By pressing it, VOR1(2) or ADF1(2) or no indication is displayed.
RANGE “+”(” ”) push button :
By pressing it, the range of the Navigation Display page is increased (decreased)
FORMAT rotary knob :
By pressing it, the format of the ND is changed : ROSE, ARC, PLAN.

On the flight guidance coupled side, the ND is displayed by default on the MFD.
If the pilot changes the ND to an other page (system for example), a mini ND page is
displayed on the PFD, in place of the EHSI. In this case the format of the mini ND can the changed by the rotary knob (only
ROSE and ARC).

WD CONTROL

This part of the EFCP allows the cockpit crew to manage alerts and procedures displayed on
EWD format and generated by the Flight Warning System:
The WD control right part of the EFCP L is unique and thus used by both cockpit crew.
Note : CLR and RCL pbs also manage the procedure window.

For more details, refer to the FWS chapter 1.02.

(1)First Officer procedure control pb

Allows to move on upward/downward line in the procedure window and to validate actions

(2) MAN DEL

By pressing on it, procedures inserted manually are deleted

(3) PROC MENU

By pressing on it, procedure menu is displayed in the procedure window.

(4) Captain Procedure control pb

Allows to move on upward/downward line in the procedure window and to validate actions

(5) CLR PB
By pressing on it, a clearable alert displayed on the Alert Window is cleared.

(6) RCL PB
A first push enables to display in the Alert Window the alert messages previously cleared but still detected. A second push
scrolls down the alert messages list in case of overflow in the Alert Window.
MCP

The Multipurpose Control Panel allows cockpit crew to control the virtual control panel format on MFD.
2 MCPs, one on each side (pilot/copilot) allows an independent setting on each VCP (on
MFD1 and MFD2 respectively).
The VCP is functionally interfaced with the Radio Management System and the Flight
Management.

(1) NAV P/B

Allows the selection of the NAV pages on the VCP.
3 pages :

-- VOR
-- ADF
ND OVLY (ND Overlay)

(2) COM P/B

Allows the selection of the COM pages on the VCP.
3 pages :
-- VHF
-- HF 1
HF 2 (if installed)

(3) SURV P/B

Allows the selection of the surveillance pages on the VCP.
2 pages :

XPDR
-- TCAS

(4) Multi directionnal pad

Allows choosing the selection area.

(5) Enter P/B

Allows validating the selection area.

(6) Numeric Key Board

Allows setting manually the frequency.
 ICP The ICP is linked to the PFD format, it controls managed speed selection and setting (through the Auto Flight Control
Application), baro setting and DH/MDA setting.
Each ICP is connected to one DU (1or 5) allowing an independent setting and display on
PFD1 and PFD2.
The ICP is split in 2 zones: SPEED TARGET control and BARO SETTING and DH control.

Speed target area

The SPEED TARGET area is composed by 1 AUTO/MAN push button and 1 rotary knob. The rotary knob allows setting
indicated air speed target. The AUTO/MAN push button allows setting Auto/man mode :
Auto (automatic): the speed target is calculated by the FMS (Magenta).
Man (manual) : the speed target is set by the Capt / F/O (Cyan).
The speed target is displayed on each PFD.

Baro Setting
The BARO SET internal rotary knob allows barometric pressure setting. By pushing the
rotactor button, the barometric setting is set to STD setting. The BARO SET is displayed on each PFD.

DH/MDA Rotary knob

Outer knob allows to select between DH or MDA. Inner knob allows to set:
Decision Height from [ 1ft] to 990ft. (radio altitude)
Minimum Descent Altitude from [ 10ft] to 19990ft. (baro altitude)
MCDU
The Multi purpose Control and Display Unit (MCDU) allows on capt and F/O side to interface with following systems :
FMS (Flight Management function)
ACARS (Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System) (if installed)
RMS (Radio Management System)
ACMS (Aircraft Condition Monitoring System)
CMS (Central Maintenance System/function) The front face consists of a pushbutton keyboard and a multi function
alphanumeric display

It comprises :
an alphanumeric keyboard
function and line keys
 select keys
annunciators
a display brightness control
a 5.5” screen (14 lines with 24 characters per line).

The MCDU are located on the center pedestal.

SWITCHING CONTROL

The system switching allows to switch displays on the different DUs.

(1) Capt switching control panel (1 display PFD/EWD/MFD push button) (2) F/O switching control panel (1
display PFD/EWD/MFD push button)

EQUIPMENT DC BUS SUPPLY (C/B)

DU 1 DC BUS 1
(On overhead panel DU 1 PFD)
DU 2 DC EMER BUS
(On overhead panel DU 2 MFD)
BACK UP SUPPLY
HOT MAIN BAT BUS
(On overhead panel DU 2 MFD AUX)
DU 3 DC BUS 1
(On overhead panel DU 3 EWD)
DU 4 DC ESS BUS SECT 1
(On overhead panel DU 4 MFD)
BACK UP SUPPLY
HOT EMER BAT BUS
(On overhead panel DU 4 MFD AUX)
DU 5 DC BUS 2
(On overhead panel DU 5 PFD)
EFCP L DC EMER BUS
(On overhead panel EFCP / CAPT)
EFCP R DC ESS BUS SECT 1
(On overhead panel EFCP / F/O)
MCP 1 DC EMER BUS
(On overhead panel NAV/COM/SURV /
CAPT / MCP)
MCP 2 DC ESS BUS SECT 1
(On overhead panel NAV/COM/SURV /
F/O / MCP)
ICP 1 DC EMER BUS
(On overhead panel ADC 1 EMER SPLY /
ICP CAPT)
 ICP 2 DC BUS 2 (Flight)
(On overhead panel ADC 2 / ICP F/O /
FLT SPLY)
DC EMER BUS (Ground)
(On overhead panel ADC 2 / ICP F/O /
GND SPLY )

MCDU 1 DC STBY BUS

(On overhead panel NAV/COM/SURV /
CAPT / MCDU)
MCDU 2 DC BUS 2
(On overhead panel NAV/COM/SURV /
F/O / MCDU)

SYSTEM MONITORING

MULTI DUs T HI
This caution is triggered when an overheat occured on the display units. Visual and aural alerts are :
MC light flashing amber
“MULTI DUs T HI” amber message on EWD
Aural alert is Single Chime (SC)

DU FAIL
A fatal failure has been detected by DU software or by hardware.

FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.10.10

AIR DATA SYSTEM P1 001
APR 11

AA

10.1 DESCRIPTION
The flight environment data are provided by three independent air data systems :
two main systems
one stand by system

MAIN SYSTEMS
Aircraft is equipped with two independent AIR DATA COMPUTERS (ADC).

Each computer is supplied with:

static air pressure provided by its specific static ports,
total air pressure provided by its pitot tube,
total air temperature provided by its specific TAT probe

Probes and ports are located on the LH and RH side of the fuselage and are electrically heated.
 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.10.22
INDICATION ON PFD P1 001
APR 11

AA

22.1 GENERAL
The PFD is divided into 6 areas :
Flight Mode Annunciator Area (FMA Area)
Airspeed area
Attitude Display Indicator (ADI Area)
Altitude area
Vertical speed area
Navigation area (HSI or ND)

The PFD is located on :

In normal condition, the PFD1 (CAPT side) and PFD2 (F/O side) are respectively on the
DU1 and DU5.
In abnormal condition, (manual or automatic switching), PFD can be displayed on DU2 (CAPT side) and/or DU5 (F/O
side).

It is controlled by :
FGCP (Flight Guidance Control Panel)
ICP (Index Control Panel)
EFCP (EFIS Control Panel)

Note : For AHRS system description see chapter 1.10.20

 Displays are :

In The FMA area :

Auto Flight data
Icing status
In the ADI, Airspeed, altitude and vertical speed areas : Air Data
Inertial Data
FMS Data
Radio Altimeter data
ILS and Marker data
T2CAS and Transponder status
In the Navigation Area :
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI): FMS data
Radio Nav (VOR, ILS, ADF, DME) data
Auto Flight Target
Inertial data

Mini Navigation Display (ND) : FMS data

Radio Nav (VOR, ILS, ADF, DME) data
Auto flight target
T2CAS data
Weather Radar data and status

FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR (FMA)

Flight Mode Annunciator displays on the upper part of the PFD the icing information, autopilot operational mode status,
status messages (abnormal conditions, failure, warning), primary flight data monitoring messages.
The FMA display area is as follow:
4 columns of 2 lines dedicated respectively to annunciation of icing information, lateral modes, vertical modes and
engagement status of AP.
A third line displaying trim status, approach capability, and AFCS modes or internal failures.

The different zones (each number corresponds at a message zone) are separated by white vertical lines :
 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.10.32
INDICATION ON MFD P1 001
APR 11

AA

32.1 GENERAL
The Multi Functional Display, presented on the inner Display Units (DUs) in normal configuration, indicates the
medium term flight information for the navigation, gives synoptics of system information, displays the radio
navigation and radio communication selections.
The MFDs provide this information according to the formats, pages and modes selectable.
The MFD is divided into 3 areas :
MFD upper window,
Memo panel display,
Virtual Control Panel window.

MFD UPPER WINDOW

The MFD upper window displays several formats :

Navigation Display (ND)
System Display (SYS) displays the system pages: ENGINE / FUEL, CABIN, ACW/HYD, ELEC
Performance init (PERF)
MISC (provision)
Airport MAP (provision)
Video (provision)

NAVIGATIONS DISPLAY (ND) :

ND is displayed in several modes : ARC MODE, ROSE MODE or PLAN MODE.
SYSTEM DISPLAY (SYST)

The MFD can display the following system pages (for description see relevant FCOM
chapters) :
ENGINE (secondary engine parameters)
CABIN
-- ACW/Hydro
ELEC

PERF INIT

The performance page can be displayed, by pressing on the PERF push button on the
EFCP.

VIRTUAL CONTROL PANEL (VCP)

The VCP format presents the information which can be managed through the MCP, in the lower part of the MFD.

Three different pages are displayed to manage the information:

VCP NAV pages
VCP COM page
SURV page

Furthermore, pages are displayed when the performance data are entered in the FMS.
VCP NAV pages

VOR/ILS
Selection of the VOR and ILS frequency, and activation of the DME HOLD function.

ADF
Selection of the ADF frequency

ND OVLY
Selection of the required overlay information on the ND:
- Traffic
Weather radar
Terrain
- Navaid
Airport

VCP COM pages

VHF
Selection of the VHF frequency.

HF

Selection of the HF frequency. (if installed).

VCPSURVpages

XPDR

TCAS

Performance Data

The performance pages can be displayed, by pressing on the PERF push button on the
EFCP.
Two pages are available:
TO DATA page used to:
reset the fuel used
select the icing condition
confirm the T/O data computed by the FMS

TAT SEL page used to select the source of the TAT (Total Air Temperature)
 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.10.34
INDICATION ON EWD P1 001
APR 11
AA

34.1 GENERAL

The EWD is divided into 5 areas :

Flight controls, trims, brake message and test status
Primary engine window
Permanent Data Window (TAT, SAT, time, fuel on board, gross weight)
Alert Window
Procedure Window

Refer to the dedicated chapter, for details.

FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.10.36

STANDBY NAVIGATION SYSTEM P1 001
INDICATION ON IESI APR 11

AA

36.1 GENERAL
The IESI displays the following information:
 Attitude
Airspeed
Altitude
Barometric pressure
VHF 1 radio communication
VOR/ILS 1 radio navigation
The IESI has to be complemented with the standby compass (see section AHRS 1.10.20) for
standby navigation purpose.

ARCHITECTURE

FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.10.38

CDS REVERSION P1 001
APR 11
AA

38.1 GENERAL

The Control and Display System (CDS) provides manual and automatic format configuration of DU. Main
formats manual reversion is controlled with two reversion push buttons. These push buttons allow a circular reversion
between PFD, EWD and MFD formats.
Automatic reversion occurs following DU failures or FWS request.

On ground, powering aircraft with batteries, DU2 and DU4 are respectively configured as
EWD and SD Engine page (power supply is not available on DU1, 3 and 5)

38.2 CDS CONFIGURATIONS

Automatic Configurations

The CDS reversion system provides automatic DU reconfiguration in case of DU failure(s). The leading rule of the
automatic reconfiguration is: following PFD or EWD failure, MFD is reconfigured in PFD or EWD.
The automatic reconfiguration takes into account the following parameters :
Flight/Ground Status
Pilot Flying Side : Right or Left

Automatic reconfiguration can also occur on FWS request. If EWD is no more displayed because it was manually reversed

in PFD or MFD (in the case

of DU3 failure for instance), EWD can be automatically recalled by FWS.

When one System Display page is displayed on MFD format, another System Display page can be automatically
displayed on FWS request.

Manual reconfiguration

Manual format reconfiguration is controlled by “PFD/EWD/MFD” Push Buttons on CAPT

and F/O sides.
If DU2(4) is available, CAPT(FO) “PFD/EWD/MFD“ PB enables a circular reversion of
PFD/EWD/MFD format on DU2(4).
If DU2(4) is inoperative, DU1(5) takes into account the reversion command.
Manual reversion overrides a DU automatic reconfiguration but if a new automatic reconfiguration occurs, current
manual reversion is superseded by this new configuration.

Degraded Configuration

In case of AFDX loss, last DU configuration is unchanged and manual reversion is effective on DU2 and DU4.
In flight, in case of DC electrical generation loss, DU2 and DU4 are respectively powered
by EMER and ESS bus. DU2 and DU4 are configured depending on ”Pilot flying side”.

When a fatal DU failure is detected a big “F” label is displayed on the corresponding DU.
Rede AFDX (Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet)
History

Many commercial aircraft use the ARINC 429 standard buses. This standard was developed in
1977 and is widely used today, has proven to be highly reliable in safety critical applications. This
data bus topology can be found on a variety of aircraft from Boeing, Airbus and Bombardier
CSeries, including the B737, B747, B757, B767, Airbus A330, A340, A380 and the upcoming A350,
Bombardier CSeries CS100 and CS300. ARINC 429 utilizes a unidirectional bus with a single
transmitter and up to twenty receivers. A data word consists of 32 bits communicated over a twisted
pair cable using the Bipolar Return-to-Zero Modulation. There are two speeds of transmission: high
speed operates at 100 kbit/s and low speed operates at 12.5 kbit/s. ARINC 429 operates in such a
way that its single transmitter communicates in a point-to-point connection, thus requiring a
significant amount of wiring which amounts to added weight.

Another standard, ARINC 629, introduced by Boeing for the 777 provides increased data speeds of
up to 2 Mbit/s and allowing a maximum of 120 data terminals. This ADN operates without the use of
a bus controller thereby increasing the reliability of the network architecture. The draw back of this
system is that it requires custom hardware which can add significant cost to the aircraft. Because of
this, other manufactures did not openly accept the ARINC 629 standard.

AFDX is a next-generation aircraft data network (ADN). It is based upon IEEE 802.3 Ethernet and
utilizes commercial off-the-shelf hardware thereby reducing costs and development time. AFDX is
one implementation of deterministic Ethernet defined by ARINC Specification 664 Part 7. AFDX was
developed by Airbus Industries for the A380,[1] initially to address real-time issues for flight-by-wire
system development.[2] A similar implementation of deterministic Ethernet is used on the Boeing 787
Dreamliner. AFDX bridges the gap on reliability of guaranteed bandwidth from the original ARINC
664 standard. It utilizes a cascaded star topology network, where each switch can be bridged
together to other switches on the network. By utilizing this form of network structure, AFDX is able
to significantly reduce wire runs thus reducing overall aircraft weight. Additionally, AFDX provides
dual link redundancy and Quality of Service (QoS).

[edit] Overview of AFDX

AFDX adopted concepts (token bucket) from the telecom standard, Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM), to fix the shortcomings of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet. By adding key elements from Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM) to those already found in Ethernet, and constraining the specification of
various options, a highly reliable Full-Duplex deterministic network is created providing guaranteed
bandwidth and Quality of Service. Through the use of Full-Duplex Ethernet, the possibility of
transmission collisions is eliminated. However, though bandwidth and maximum end-to-end latency
and jitter, links are guaranteed, there is no guarantee of packet delivery. A highly intelligent switch,
common to the AFDX network, is able to buffer transmission and reception packets. Through the
use of twisted pair or fiber optic cables, Full-Duplex Ethernet uses two separate pairs or strands for
transmit and receiving data. AFDX extends standard Ethernet to provide high data integrity and
deterministic timing. Further a redundant pair of networks is used to improve the system integrity
(although a VL may be configured to use one or other network only) It specifies interoperable
functional elements at the following OSI Reference Model layers:

• Data Link (MAC and Virtual Link addressing concept);

• Network (IP and ICMP);

• Transport (UDP and optionally TCP)

• Application (Network) (Sampling, Queuing, SAP, TFTP and SNMP).

The main elements of an AFDX network are:

• AFDX End Systems

• AFDX Switches

• AFDX Links