• Alguns exemplos de substantivos
NOUNS : GENDER AND
NUMBER
Substantivos
• A língua inglesa possui quatro
gêneros de substantivos:
feminino, masculino, neutro e
unissex.
• No inglês, substantivos neutros
referem-se a objetos, enquanto
substantivos unissex são comuns
aos dois gêneros.
• Alguns exemplos de substantivos
femininos são "girl" (menina) e
"woman" (mulher).
• Exemplos de substantivos
masculinos são "boy" (menino) e
"man" (homem).
Quantificadores
• Substantivos unissex são aqueles
que se aplicam a ambos os
gêneros, como "teacher"
(professor) e "doctor" (médico).
• Gênero neutro refere-se a coisas
que não são pessoas ou animais,
como "pen" (caneta) e "New
Zealand" (Nova Zelândia).
Plural de Substantivos
• Substantivos contáveis têm uma
forma singular e uma forma
plural.
• Substantivos incontáveis têm
apenas uma forma e não podem
ser contados.
contáveis são "pencil" (lápis) e
"book" (livro).
• Exemplos de substantivos
incontáveis são "water" (água) e
"money" (dinheiro).
• Para formar o plural de
substantivos contáveis,
geralmente adicionamos "s" ou
"es" ao final.
• Algumas palavras têm plurais
irregulares, como "child"
(criança) que se torna "children"
(crianças).
• Existem também substantivos
que têm a mesma forma no
singular e no plural, como "fish"
(peixe) e "sheep" (ovelha).
• Quantificadores são palavras
usadas para expressar
quantidade.
• Alguns quantificadores comuns
são "many" (muitos), "much"
(muito), "few" (poucos) e "little"
(pouco).
• "Many" e "few" são usados com
substantivos contáveis, enquanto
"much" e "little" são usados com
substantivos incontáveis.
• "A lot of" (muito) pode ser usado
com ambos os tipos de
substantivos.
• "Some" (algum, alguns) é usado
para expressar quantidade
indeterminada em ambos os
casos.
 • "Plenty of" (bastante) é usado Exemplos de Frases
para indicar uma quantidade
suficiente ou mais do que • "I have many friends." (Eu tenho
suficiente. muitos amigos.)
• "Enough" (suficiente) é usado • "She doesn't have much money."
para indicar uma quantidade (Ela não tem muito dinheiro.)
adequada. • "He bought a few books last
• "Not enough" (não suficiente) é month." (Ele comprou alguns
usado para indicar uma livros mês passado.)
quantidade insuficiente. • "They have plenty of time to
finish the project." (Eles têm
bastante tempo para terminar o
projeto.)
Exceções e Observações • "There are not enough chairs for
everyone." (Não há cadeiras
• Algumas palavras têm plurais
suficientes para todos.)
irregulares, como "men"
• "I saw several birds in the park."
(homens, plural de “man”) e
(Eu vi várias aves no parque.)
"women" (mulheres, plural de
“woman”).
• Alguns substantivos têm a
mesma forma no singular e no
EXERCÍCIOS
plural, como "deer" (veado) e
"sheep" (ovelha).
1) (EEAr – 2013) “When we have love in
• Substantivos que terminam em
______ heart, we can see beauty in
"y" têm plurais diferentes
everything.” - “beauty”, in the proverb,
dependendo da vogal que
is a(an)
precede o "y". Se a vogal for uma
consoante, o "y" é trocado por
a) noun.
"ies", como em "lady" (senhora)
b) adverb.
e "ladies" (senhoras). Se a vogal
c) adjective.
for uma vogal, apenas adiciona-
d) conjunction.
se o "s", como em "boy"
(menino) e "boys" (meninos).
• Alguns substantivos têm formas
diferentes no singular e no plural, 2) (EEAr – 2012 - Adapted) The word
como "man" (homem) que se “...wives...” has the same plural form
torna "men" (homens). as, except

a) life
b) shelf
c) thief
d) belief c) the Internet doesn’t have many
options when you need to find some
3) (EEAr – 2013) All words below are information.
countable nouns, except: d) you’ll get some information faster if
you know how to do research on the
a) mice
Internet.
b) news
c) sheep 7) (EEAr – 2009) The underlined word, in
d) children the extract, is similar in meaning to

a) none.
b) some.
4) (EEAr – 2013) All words below
c) a few.
describe male family members, except:
d) lots of
a) son
b) uncle
c) mother (EEAr 2016)
d) grandfather Winter sports

5) (EEAr – 2009) Choose the alternative Only two areas of the USA are
that presents an irregular plural form mild in winter, the coasts, especially
of the noun. Florida and southern California, and the

a) beaches southern part of the Mississippi basin.

b) fishermen
Everywhere else it gets cold,
c) kilometres
often very cold. By the end of
d) missionaries
November, many American states are
“When you need data fast, you’ll find often covered in snow; and although
there are plenty of resources on the recent winters have been less cold,
Internet. You just need to know where sport in winter usually means winter
to look.” sports, or indoor sports.

6) (EEAr – 2009) We can infer from the
extract that
a) the resources on the Internet are
not reliable at all.
b) the Internet is the only way to find
information on the computer.
By January, many people in North
America will have temperatures of -
30°C; not every day, of course, but such
low temperatures are not rare. In
Chicago and Minneapolis, the
temperature can fall below -40°.
 When it is very cold, especially
when there is a cold wind, ______ people
want to go outside, unless they have to;
but on sunny winter days, winter sports
are popular.
In the large flat regions in the
middle of North America, ______
winter sports are
snowmobiling, snow-shoeing and
cross-country skiing. Ice-skating is
popular too; lakes and rivers freeze,
and many towns and cities have free
open-air skating rinks. In many places,
these are flood-lit after dark, so that
people can enjoy skating in the
evening.
Adapted from
http://linguapress.com/intermediate/wint
er- sports.usa.htm
8) Fill in the blank with the suitable
option:
a) much
b) many
c) little
d) few
9) (EEAr 2017) According to the extract,
what is the contains the right
explanation about the gerund in bold
type?
“Swimming is an amazing exercise. It’s
healthy, fun, relaxing and a low-impact
sport. I know this from personal
experience. Last year while I was
jogging I injured my left knee. I don’t
go jogging anymore, now I’m
considering joining a swimming
competition.”
The gerund is:
a) The direct object of the sentence.
b) The progressive form of the verb.
c) The indirect object of the verb.
d) The subject of the sentence.
10) (EEAr 2017) Pilates is a unique
combination of ____, ____ and ____. It
improves circulation and body
alignment. It engages the powerhouse
of the lower abs, hips and lower back in
almost every movement. Throughout
the workout, practitioners try to stay
united from shoulder to shoulder and
hip to hip, making sure the neck and
limbs are used in long, graceful
movements.
(Adapted
fromhttp://www.grammarbank.com/para
graphs-fitness)
Fill in the blanks with the respectively:
a) stretching – strengthening –
breathing
b) stretched – strengthened – breathed
c) stretches – strengthens – breathes
d) stretch–strengthen–breathe
11) (EEAr – 2013) Lucy and Monica are
sisters. They have a relationship based
on mutual respect. - “sisters”,
underlined in the sentence, can be
replaced by
a) cousins.
b) parents.
c) siblings.
d) daughters.
12) (EEAr – 2009) “Birds dream a little”
means that
a) they dream a bit.
b) they don’t dream at all.
c) only some birds can dream.
d) just a few birds dream while
sleeping.
13) (EEAr – 2009) Although it is good to
be friendly, do not spend too _____ time
chatting to colleagues. You have work
to do. If a colleague is distracting you ,
be polite and say you have ___ work to
do. Ask if you can carry on the
conversation after office hours.
Choose the correct alternative to
complete the text, respectively.
a) little - no
b) few – some
c) many–any
d) much – some
14) (EEAr – 2011)
Dependency on the Internet can affect
our emotional, personal and
professional lives. Many specialists say
this kind of addiction should be treated
as if it were a psychological _________.
( Maganews # 42)
GLOSSARY
addiction – vício
All the words below can be used to fill
in the paragraph, except
a) hurt
b) illness
c) problem
d) sickness
Rio 2016: Yes, we can!
For the first time ever a South American
city was chosen in Copenhagen,
Denmark, to host the 2016 Olympic and
Paralympic Games. In the next few
years, Brazil’s image abroad could
benefit if the country organizes the
Olympics well (and the World Cup in
2014). The first challenge is to tackle
violence, to invest in social projects, and
to step up security in Rio.
 (From Maganews SET/2010) a) careless.
b) annoyed.
GLOSSARY c) frightened.
abroad – no exterior d) very careful.
to tackle – enfrentar
(EEAr 2015)
to step up – melhorar/ dar um passo à
The sun and the moon
frente
The sun is a star. It’s a ball of fire.
The moon is rocky and hard. It’s not
15) (EEAr – 2011) The opposite of “few”,
hot. The sun sends out light, but the
in bold type in the text, is moon doesn’t. In fact, the moon
reflects the light.
a) little.
The moon is about 240.000 miles
b) none.
away from us; the sun is 93 million
c) some.
miles; that’s why the moon looks
d) lots of.
almost as large as the sun.
16) (EEAr – 2011) Brazil’s image abroad
GLOSSARY
could benefit, underlined in the text,
send out – produzir
means that Brazil’s _______ abroad could
be better. 19) Based on the text, all the
alternatives are correct, except:
a) scenery a) The moon is nearer to the earth
b) feelings than the sun is.
c) reputation b) The moon doesn’t make its own
d) photograph light.
c) The sun just reflects the moon light.
17) (EEAr – 2011) In “researchers”, (line
d) The sun is larger than the moon.
3), the suffix – “er” has the same
function as the one in 20) The underlined words, in the text,
are
a) nicer. a) adjectives.
b) harder. b) pronouns.
c) worker. c) adverbs.
d) transfer. d) nouns.

18) (EEAr – 2011) Someone who is

conscientious is _______ about his work. GABARITO
A solução dos exercícios está na videoaula
que consta na plataforma.
1–A

2–D

3–B

4–C

5–B

6–D

7–D

8–D

9–D

10 – A

11 – C

12 – A

13 – D

14 – A

15 – D

16 – C

17 – C

18 – D

19 – C

20 – D