M1 Helmet - Wikipedia

23/05/24, 21:46 M1 helmet - Wikipedia
Capacete M1
O capacete M1 é um capacete de combate que foi usado pelos
Capacete M1
militares dos EUA desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial até 1985,
quando foi sucedido pelo capacete PASGT . O capacete M1
tornou-se um ícone das forças armadas dos EUA, com o seu
design inspirando outras forças armadas em todo o mundo.
História
Desenvolvimento
Na entrada dos Estados Vista de um capacete M1
Unidos na Primeira Guerra Tipo Capacete de
Mundial , os militares dos combate
EUA estavam sem capacete Lugar de Estados Unidos
de combate ; inicialmente, origem
as tropas norte-americanas
Histórico de serviço
que chegavam à Europa
receberam capacetes Em serviço 1941–1985 (EUA)
O capacete modelo número 5, britânicos Mkl , e as Usado por Consulte Usuários

destinado a substituir o M1917, mas integradas com unidades para obter detalhes
não adotado francesas receberam Guerras Segunda Guerra
capacetes franceses M15 Mundial
Adrian . Os Estados Unidos Guerra Civil Chinesa
rapidamente iniciaram a fabricação de uma versão do Mk I, Guerra da Coréia
designada M1917 , produzindo cerca de 2.700.000 unidades ao Rebelião
final das hostilidades. [3] Nesse ponto, as deficiências do Hukbalahap
M1917, que carecia de equilíbrio e proteção da cabeça contra Conflito civil nas
tiros laterais, resultaram em um projeto para produzir um Filipinas
capacete melhor que também tivesse uma aparência Revolução Nacional
distintamente americana. Entre 1919 e 1920, vários novos Indonésia
designs de capacetes foram testados pelo Conselho de Primeira Guerra da
Infantaria em testes comparativos junto com o M1917 e Indochina
capacetes de outros exércitos. Um desses projetos, o Capacete Guerra do Vietnã
Número 5A, foi selecionado para estudo mais aprofundado. [4] Guerra
Esta era uma versão melhorada do Capacete Número 5, do Futebol Guerra
desenvolvido em 1917 e 1918 por Bashford Dean , o curador de Civil Cambojana
armas e armaduras do Metropolitan Museum of Art , [5] que Guerra Civil do Laos
havia sido rejeitado durante a guerra por causa de seu suposto Guerra
semelhança com o stahlhelm alemão . [6] Eventualmente, Sino-Vietnamita
testes realizados em Fort Benning entre 1924 e 1926 Conflito interno em
mostraram que embora o 5A oferecesse melhor proteção Mianmar
lateral do que o M1917, ele era mais facilmente penetrado por Revolução Cubana
cima e em algumas circunstâncias o formato do capacete Guerra Colonial
poderia interferir no segurar e disparar adequadamente. Um Portuguesa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_helmet 1/13
rifle. Outros testes balísticos no Campo de Provas de Aberdeen Crise do Congo

resultaram na decisão de manter o M1917 em 1934, [4] que Guerra Civil
recebeu então um berço de couro redesenhado e foi designado Nigeriana
M1917A1 [7] ou capacete "Kelly". [8] Sul Guerra da
Fronteira Africana
In 1940, with World War II raging on in Europe and Asia, it Guerra
seemed likely that the United States might soon be at war Civil Somali Guerra
again. The Infantry Board resurrected the quest to find a better Civil Etíope
type of helmet, since the ongoing conflict had shown that the Guerra de Ogaden
M1917, designed to protect men standing in trenches from Guerra de
falling shell splinters and shrapnel, would be inadequate on Independência da
the modern battlefield. The board reported: Eritreia
Guerra do Sahara
Research indicates that the ideal shaped helmet is Ocidental
one with a dome-shaped top and generally following Guerra da Argélia
the contour of the head, allowing sufficient uniform Crise do Suez
headspace for indentations, extending down in the Guerra dos Seis
front to cover the forehead without impairing Dias
necessary vision, extending down on the sides as far Guerra de Desgaste
as possible without interfering with the use of the rifle Guerra do Yom
or other weapons, extending down the back of the Kippur
head as far as possible without permitting the back of Setembro Negro
the neck to push the helmet forward on the head de 1982 Guerra do
when the wearer assumes the prone position, to have Líbano Guerra
the frontal plate visor and to have the sides and rear Civil Libanesa
slightly flanged outward to cause rain to clear the Guerra
collar opening.[9] Irão-Iraque Guerra
Indo-Paquistanesa
de 1965
Accordingly, the board, under the direction of Brigadier Guerra Indo-
General Courtney Hodges,[10] took the M1917 shell as the basis Paquistanesa de
of the new prototype, trimmed off the brim and added a visor 1971
and skirt-like extensions to protect the back and sides of the Invasão turca de
wearer's head.[11] Rejecting the conventional systems of Chipre
cradles, the new helmet was given a Riddell type liner and Guerra Civil
suspension system, based on the contemporary style of football Dominicana
helmet, with an adjustable strap for the nape of the neck to Guerra Civil da
prevent the helmet from rocking.[12] The resulting prototype Guatemala
was designated the TS-3, and the McCord Radiator Company Guerra Civil
manufactured the first examples from Hadfield steel. In tests, salvadorenha
they were found to be able to resist a .45 ACP pistol bullet fired Revolução da
at point-blank range, exceeding the initial specification. The Nicarágua
TS-3 was given official approval on June 6, 1941 and was Conflito colombiano
designated "Helmet, Steel, M1". Full scale production Conflito interno no
commenced almost immediately.[13] Peru
Guerra das Malvinas
Invasão dos Estados
Service
Unidos de Granada
Invasão dos Estados
Over 22 million U.S. M1 steel helmets were manufactured Unidos do Panamá

through September 1945.[14] Production was done by McCord Guerra do Golfo
Radiator and Manufacturing Company and Schlueter Guerra da
Manufacturing Company;[2] the former developed a method to Independência da
create an almost eighteen-centimeter deep bowl in a single Croácia
pressing, which was an engineering milestone at the time.[15] Guerra da Bósnia
Insurgência em
In 1944, the stainless steel helmet rim with a seam at the front Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
was replaced by a manganese steel rim with a rear seam, as
História de produção
well as the helmet bails being changed from a fixed, welded
Designer Major Harold G.
version to a swivel model in 1942, along with slight alterations
Sydenham [1]
to the shaping of the side brim. Further M1 helmets were
manufactured for the Korean War.[17] Fabricante McCord Radiator
and Manufacturing
Production continued during the Cold War era with periodic Company e
improvements; in 1955 a grommet in the front of the liner was Schlueter
deleted, in 1964 the liner construction was changed to Manufacturing
laminated nylon and a new chinstrap design was introduced in Company [2]
1975. The final contract for US M1 helmets was placed in Ulbrichts Witwe
1976.[17] The M1 was phased out of US service during the Não. 22 milhões (1945) [2]
1980s in favor of the PASGT helmet,[18] which offered produzido
increased ergonomics and ballistic protection.
Following World War II, the M1 helmet was widely adopted or copied
by numerous other countries and its distinctive shape was adopted as
the NATO standard. Postwar analysis of wartime casualty figures by
the US Army Operations Research Office found that 54 percent of hits
to the M1 helmet failed to penetrate, and estimated that 70,000 men
had been saved from death or injury by wearing it.[19]
Design
The M1 is a combination of two "one-size-fits-all" helmets—an outer
metal shell, sometimes called the "steel pot", and a hard hat–type liner Um capacete M1 com capa
nestled inside it featuring an adjustable suspension system. Helmet camuflada, usado por um
covers and netting would be applied by covering the steel shell with cabo do Corpo de
the extra material tucked inside the shell and secured by inserting the Fuzileiros Navais da
liner. Holanda em 1945
The outer shell should not be worn by itself. The liner can be worn by
Total production per
itself, providing protection similar to a hard hat, and was often worn in such year[16] during the
fashion by military policemen, Assistant Drill Instructors (known as AIs), period 1941-45 :
and rifle/machine gun/pistol range staff, although they were supposed to Year Number made
wear steel at the range. The liner is sometimes worn in U.S. military
1941 323,510
ceremonies and parades, painted white or chromed. The depth of the helmet
is 7 inches (180 mm), the width is 9.5 inches (240 mm), and length is 11 1942 5,001,384
1943 7,648,880
1944 5,703,520
1945 3,685,721
inches (280 mm), the steel shell thickness is 0.044" (1.12 mm),
The weight of a World War II–era M1 is approximately 3
pounds (1.4 kg), including the liner and chinstrap.
Shell
The non-magnetic Hadfield
manganese steel for M1
US soldier wearing a helmet with
helmet shells was smelted
camouflage cover and additional
at the Carnegie Steel natural camouflage added on the
Company or the Sharon slots in the helmet's cover while
Steel Company of firing a M60 machine gun
Pennsylvania. After being
US soldiers in 1972 wearing M1 poured into fifteen-ton
helmets ingots (also called "heats"), the steel was divided into 216-inch
by 36-inch by 4-inch blocks, known as "lifts," which were then
cut into three equal 72-inch pieces to make them easier to
handle. The cut lifts were sent to the Gary Works in Gary, Indiana for further processing, after
which they were each reduced into 250 68-inch by 36-inch by 0.044-inch sheets, which were cut
into 16.5-inch circles. The helmet discs were oiled and banded into lots of 400 for delivery by rail
to McCord or Schlueter for pressing and final assembly.[20]
Each "heat" of steel was assigned a unique number by the smelter, as was each of its "lifts." When
each new heat was unloaded at McCord or Schlueter, it was assigned a sequential number, and
each lift within the heat was assigned a letter of the alphabet (for example, the third lift unloaded
of the forty-ninth heat received by McCord would be 49C). This unique "lot and lift" number was
stamped onto each helmet produced from the discs of a particular lift, and allowed for traceability
in case the helmets exhibited defects. The "lot and lift" number is in reference to the time when the
fabricator received the helmet discs, not when they were made into finished helmets. Lifts of heats
were not loaded onto or unloaded from railcars in any particular order, and were often warehoused
(also in no particular order) before being finished.[21]
The helmet discs were drawn to a depth of seven inches to create the rough helmet shape, or
"shell," and the edges were trimmed. The edge of the shell has a crimped metal rim running around
it, which provides a smooth edge. This is usually known as the "rim". The rim has a seam where the
ends of the strip meet. On the earliest shells the seam met at the front. This was moved to the back
of the rim in November 1944[22] At this time, the rim also went from being made of stainless steel
to manganese steel. On each side of the shell, there are stainless steel loops for the chinstrap. Early
World War II production shells had fixed, rectangular loops, and mid-war to 1960s helmets feature
movable rectangular loops. This feature was adopted in 1943 to address the problem that when
earlier helmets were dropped, the fixed loops were more susceptible to breaking off. Early shells
for paratrooper helmets feature fixed, D-shaped loops. The shells were then painted with flat Olive
Drab shade 319 (1941-1966) or Munsell Y10 green paint (1966 onward), with the paint on the
outside of the shell sprinkled with either finely ground cork (World War II era) or silica sand
(postwar).
World War II-production helmets feature sewn-on cotton web olive drab shade 3 chinstraps,
replaced gradually throughout 1943 and 1944 with olive drab shade 7 chinstraps. 1950s and later
production chinstraps are made of olive drab webbing attached to the loops with removable metal
clips. Nylon chinstraps were introduced in the U.S. military in 1975. These straps featured a two-
piece web chin cup and were fastened by a metal snap rather than buckle.[17]
Many soldiers wore the webbing chinstraps unfastened or looped around the back of the helmet
and clipped together. This practice arose for two reasons: First, because hand-to-hand combat was
anticipated, and an enemy could be expected to attack from behind, reach over the helmet, grab its
visor, and pull. If the chinstrap were worn, the head would be snapped back, causing the victim to
lose balance, and leave the throat and stomach exposed to a knife thrust. Secondly, many men
incorrectly believed that a nearby exploding bomb or artillery shell could cause the chinstrap to
break their neck when the helmet was caught in its concussive force, although a replacement
buckle, the T1 pressure-release buckle, was manufactured that allowed the chinstrap to release
automatically should this occur. In place of the chinstrap, the nape strap inside the liner was
counted on to provide sufficient contact to keep the helmet from easily falling off the wearer's
head.[23]
The design of the bowl-like shell led to some novel uses: When separated from the liner, the shell
could be used as an entrenching tool, a hammer, washbasin, bucket, bowl, and as a seat. The shell
was also used as a cooking pot, but the practice was discouraged as it would make the metal alloy
brittle.[24]
Liner
The liner is a hard hat-like support for the suspension, and is
designed to fit snugly inside the steel shell.
The first liners were produced in June 1941 and designed by

Hawley Products Company.[25] The suspension was initially
made from strips of silver rayon webbing stretched around and
across the inside of the liner. A sweatband is clipped onto
these, and is adjusted to fit around the head of the wearer.
Three triangular bands of rayon meet at the top of the helmet,
where they were adjusted by a shoestring to fit the height and
The interior of a M1 Helmet liner shape of the wearer's head. A snap-on nape strap cushioned the
liner against the back of the wearer's neck and stops it from
falling off. As the rayon had a tendency to stretch and not
recover its shape, the suspension material was later changed to olive drab number 3, and then olive
drab number 7, herringbone twill cotton webbing.
World War II and Korean War-era liners have their own chinstrap made from brown leather. The
liner chinstrap does not have loops like the shell; it was either riveted directly to the inside of the
liner (early examples) or snapped onto studs. It can still swivel inside the liner. The chinstrap is
usually seen looped over the brim of the shell, and helps to keep it in place when its own chinstraps
are not in use.
Early liners were made from a mix of compressed paper fibers impregnated with phenolic resin,
with olive drab cotton twill fabric stretched over the outside. They were discontinued in November
1942 because they degraded quickly in high heat and high humidity environments. They were
replaced by evolving plastic liners,[25] using a process developed by the Inland Division of General
Motors. These liners were made of strips of cotton cloth bathed in phenolic resin and draped in a
star shape over a liner-shaped mold, where they were subjected to pressure to form a liner. The
initial "low pressure" process was deemed unacceptable by the Army, but accepted out of need.
These liners were made by St. Clair Manufacturing and Hood Rubber Company. Hawley, Hood,
and St. Clair's contracts were cancelled by early 1944, when a "high pressure" process which
produced better-quality liners became commercially viable. Companies which produced "high
pressure" liners during World War II included Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company,
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, CAPAC Manufacturing, Inland (whose molds were acquired
by Firestone after their contract was cancelled), Mine Safety Appliances Company, Seaman Paper
Company, and International Molded Plastics, Inc.[25]
Liners essentially identical in construction to "high pressure" World War II examples were
produced between 1951 and 1954 during the Korean War by the Micarta Division of Westinghouse
and CAPAC Manufacturing. In the 1960s, the M1 helmet liner was redesigned, eliminating the
leather chinstrap, nape strap, and changing the suspension webbing to a pattern resembling an
asterisk in a coarse cotton web material in lieu of the earlier cotton herringbone twill. In the early
1970s, suspension materials changed to a thicker, more flexible nylon with a rougher unbeveled
rim. Later changes included a move to a yellow and green material for liner construction.
M1 helmet liners intended for use by paratroopers had a different construction. The short piece of
webbing which held the nape strap at the back of the wearer's neck was extended around the sides
of the liner, and terminated on each side in A-shaped yokes which hung down below the rim of the
liner and had buckles for an adjustable chin cup made of molded leather. Two female snaps on the
inside of the liner above the "A" yokes accepted male snaps on each of the steel shell's chinstraps,
and helped to keep the liner inside the steel shell during abrupt or violent movements.
Accessories
In late 1942, the United States
Marine Corps used a cloth helmet
cover with a camouflage pattern
for its helmets. The cover was
made from cotton herringbone
twill fabric. It had a "forest green"
pattern on one side and a "brown
coral island" pattern on the other.
A soldier of the Islamic Republic of
The United States Army often used Iran Army wearing an M1 helmet
and a gas mask in the trenches
nets to reduce the helmets' shine
Camouflage-patterned during the Iran-Iraq War. Next to him
when wet and to allow burlap
helmet covers of USMC is a MG 3 machine gun
scrim or vegetation to be added for
during the Battle of Incheon
camouflage purposes. Most nets
during the Korean War in
1950
were acquired from British or Canadian Army stocks or cut from
larger camouflage nets. The Army did not adopt an official issue net
until the "Net, Helmet, with Band" that included an elastic neoprene
band to keep it in place.
After World War II, no new covers were issued and at the start of the Korean War, many soldiers
had to improvise covers from burlap sandbags or parachute fabric. A consignment of 100,000 olive
drab covers was dispatched to the theater, but the ship carrying them, SS Jacob Luckenbach,[26]
sank in a collision en route and they were all lost. In 1963, the Army and Marine Corps adopted a
reversible fabric cover called the Mitchel Pattern, with a leafy green pattern on one side and orange
and brown cloud pattern on the other.[27]

This type was nearly omnipresent in Vietnam, where, for
the first time, the Army wore the cloth camouflage as general issue. In Vietnam, the green portion
of the reversible fabric camouflage was normally worn outermost. Helmet covers in the (European)
woodland camouflage, were designed for fighting in the European Theater of Operations (NATO),
and became the post-Vietnam (jungle pattern) camouflage cover used by the US military from the
late 1970s onward. The (European) Woodland pattern was not reversible; they were only printed
on one side, though some rare desert camouflage examples do exist. These covers were all
constructed from two semi-circular pieces of cloth stitched together to form a dome-like shape
conforming to the helmet's shape. They were secured to the helmet by folding their open ends into
the steel pot, and then placing the liner inside, trapping the cloth between the pot and the liner. An
olive green elastic band, intended to hold additional camouflage materials, was often worn around
the helmet to further hold the cover in place.
Other armies used these or similar covers printed with different camouflage patterns, or employed
entirely different methods. In the Dutch Army, for example, it was common practice to use a
square piece of burlap as a helmet cover on M1 helmets, usually secured by a net and a wide rubber
band.
During the Battle of the Bulge and Korean War, soldiers made white helmet covers as camouflage
in snowy areas. They were not issued to soldiers, so many soldiers simply made them from a white
cloth from a shirt or tablecloth.
Users
Current
Colombia: Some M1s still in service by Military Police
and ceremonial units.[28]
Dominican Republic: Only used by Dominican military
honor guard forces.[29]
India: Made locally and are still in service.[30]
Iran: Uses the West German-made M1s.[31]
Guatemala: Used only in the Guatemalan Army and
Navy.[32] A member of the Turkish Air Force
Japan: Uses the Type 66 helmet, modeled after the M1 wearing a M1 liner stands at
helmet that was supplied to the JSDF. Currently used in attention during the Ataturk
non-combat operations. [33][34] Formerly used M1s supplied Memorial Day Ceremony at
by the US to the JSDF before the adoption of the Type Anıtkabir
66.[35]
Panama: Formerly used by former Panamanian military,
now in use by Panamanian Public Forces.[36]
Turkey: Used by the Turkish military, most made locally. Still used as ceremonial
helmet[37][38]
Uruguay: Used US M1 for 1944 to present received by the EDA (Excess Defense Article)
1942 – 1945, FMS (Foreign Military Sales) and MAP (Military Aid Program) with some still in
use.[39]
Vietnam: Some M1s used by the Vietnamese

military.[40]
Former
Argentina: Used by the Argentine military before they
were replaced.[41]
Australia: Australian Defence Force previously used
Bangladesh Army infantry wearing
Australian and American-made M1s from the 1960s to the
M1 helmets in Victory Day Parade
1990s. Replaced by the Australian-made M91 PASGT
2011
helmet in the 1990s.[42]
Austria: Used by the Austrian Army after it was
reformed in 1955 with 30,000 M1s supplied by the US.[43]
Copies made in 1958 known as Stahlhelm 2 (M.58) with
another made in the 1970s with a German-made helmet
suspension, all made by Ulbrichts Witwe.[43]
Belgium: Used Ulbrichts-made M1 helmets.[43]
Brazil: Formerly used US and Brazilian-made M1s for
its military.[44]
Bolivia: Used US and Brazilian-made M1s before being
removed from service.[45] Chinese National Revolutionary
Army soldiers with M1 helmets
Canada: Used until the 1990s, when it was replaced by
during the Second Sino-Japanese
the CG634 helmet.[46] War
Chile: Formerly used by the Chilean military with liners
made by Baselli Hnos.[47]
China, Republic of: Used in the Second Sino-Japanese
War and in the Chinese Civil War. Used by Taiwan until the
1990s.[48]
Costa Rica: Formerly used US-made M1 helmets.[49]
Croatia: Used from Croatian War of Independence until
2000s.
Cuba: Used in Cuban military until Bastista was
deposed, replaced by Warsaw Pact-made helmets.[50]
West German army
Denmark: Used Ulbrichts-made M1 helmets under the
Panzergrenadier in 1968, with M56
designation of Staalhjelm model 48 (m/48).[43]
Stahlhelm adapted from the
Ecuador: Formerly in use by the Ecuadorian military.[51] American M1 helmets
El Salvador: Provided by the US in the 1970s as part of
military aid, now replaced by PASGT.[52]
Greece: Adopted by the Greek Army in 1952.[53]
Haiti: Used by former Haitian military.[54]
Honduras: Formerly used by Honduran military after signing the Rio Treaty.[55]
Indonesia
Iran: Formerly used by the Imperial Iranian Army.[56] Used by the Islamic Republic of Iran's
army, until retirement, however it occasionally still sees some limited use.[56]
Israel: Formerly used by the Israeli military, supplied by the UK, France, and the United
States.[57] Some M1s used have a combination of US and Israeli parts.[58]
Lebanon: Formerly in use by Lebanese Armed Forces. Replaced by PASGT helmets.
Luxembourg: Formerly used by Luxembourg Armed Forces during Cold War.[59]
Malaysia: Used locally made M1 helmets throughout the 1970s

and 1980s.
Mexico: Formerly used by the Mexican military.[60]
New Zealand: Used by the New Zealand Army from the 1960s
all the way to 2000s, mostly using US made M1s.[61]
Netherlands: Used Ulbrichts-made M1 helmets.[43]
Nicaragua: The Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua used M1
helmets supplied by the United States 1954-1979.[62]
Norway: Used Ulbrichts-made M1 helmets.[43]
Paraguay: Adopted the M1 after signing the Rio Treaty.[63]
Peru: Formerly used M1 helmets supplied by the US.[64] Some Argentine Army conscripts
obtained from Israel and West Germany. [65] wearing M1 helmets in the
trenches during the
Philippines: Formerly used M1 helmet in the Armed Forces of
Falklands War
the Philippines.[66]
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Army of the Republic of
Bosnia and Herzegovina is using helmet with M81 Woodland Camouflage, externally supplied.
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia: HVO is using helmet with M81 Woodland
Camouflage, externally supplied.
Saudi Arabia: Taiwan produced copy used during Persian Gulf War.[67]
Singapore: Formerly used by the Singaporean military from the late 1950s with inner liners
made locally. Used up until the mid-1980s, when they began to be gradually replaced, and
finally phased out, by a similar helmet to the US PASGT helmet, in the 1990s.[68]
Spain: Used M1s made from America and Europe, modified for marine and paratrooper
forces.[43]
South Korea: Used in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Replaced by Bangtan Helmet.
South Vietnam: Used by ARVN until 1975.
United States: Formerly used by the United States Air Force as the M3 and later, the M5,
helmet for flak protection.[69] Formerly used by the US military from the 1940s to the 80s,
replaced by the PASGT.[70]
Venezuela: Used by the Venezuelan military, now replaced.[71] Majority made in the US
and South Korea.[72]
West Germany: Formerly used by the West German army, helmets made by F. W. Quist
Company.[73] The West German M-62 Stahlhelm was a direct copy of the U.S. M1 helmet. It
was properly called "zweiteiliger Stahlhelm" (two-piece steel helmet). In 1958 the helmet was
made as a one-piece helmet and renamed Stahlhelm M1A1. The M1A1 came in three sizes:
66, 68, and 71. This helmet was used until 1981 when a modified version was released and
renamed the Helm1A1. Modifications included a 3-point chin strap with the third point
connecting at the nape, extra large sizes, and a further adjustable liner.[74]
See also
M1C helmet
Modèle 1951 helmet
Iraqi M80 helmet
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19. Brayley 2008, p. 11
20. Giles, Marc (2018). "M1 Helmet Lot Numbers". Military Collector and Historian. 70 (3): 258.
21. Giles, Marc (2018). "M1 Helmet Lot Numbers". Military Collector and Historian. 70 (3): 260.
22. "Dating the M1 Steel Helmet" (http://www.hardscrabblefarm.com/ww2/dating_m1.htm).
www.hardscrabblefarm.com. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
23. Tagliavini, Michele. "STAGE AND SCREEN In all those Hollywood war films, and in quite a few
newsreels, the GIs wear helmets but never fasten the straps. Is this bravado, bad discipline or
artistic licence?" (https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,,-2696,00.html). The
Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
24. Pike, John. "M1 Steel Combat Helmet and Liner" (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/system
s/ground/m1-steel-pot.htm). GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
25. Giard, Regis (2008). Helmets of ETO: A Historical and Technical Guide. Havertown, PA:
Casemate Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9782352500629.
26. "The Shipwreck Jacob Luckenbach" (https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/maritime/expeditions/lucken
bach.html). National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
27. Brayley 2008, p. 124
28. "Colombia" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/colo
mbia/).
29. "Dominican Republic" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-a
merica/dominican-republic/).
30. "India M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/india-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
31. "Iran M62" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/iran-m62.html).
32. "Guatemala" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/gu
atemala/).
33. Ministry of Defense (Japan) (2014-04-23). "Ministry of Defense specification sheet, LINER,
GROUND TROOPS' HELMET" (https://www.mod.go.jp/j/procurement/chotatsu/nds/pdf/z/z800
1.pdf) (PDF) (in Japanese).
34. Ministry of Defense (Japan) (2014-03-28). "Ground Self-Defense Forces Dress Manual" (http://
www.clearing.mod.go.jp/kunrei_data/f_fd/1967/fy19680228_00024_008.pdf) (PDF) (in
Japanese).
35. 66式鉄帽 (http://rightwing.sakura.ne.jp/equipment/jgsdf/quartermaster/type66helmet/type66hel
met.html). rightwing.sakura.ne.jp (in Japanese).
36. "Panama" (http://mahargpress.com/cascos-militares/sumario-del-capitulo/centroamerica/pana
ma-2/).
37. "Turkey M1 Airborne" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/turkey-m1-airborne.html). Brendon's
Helmets.
38. "Military Collection of Peter Suciu" (http://www.nyc-techwriters.com/militaria/turkish_helmets.ht
m). nyc-techwriters.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150415225642/http://www.ny
c-techwriters.com/militaria/turkish_helmets.htm) from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved
5 September 2015.
39. "Uruguay" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/urugu
ay/).
40. "Tìm hiểu các loại mũ sắt, mũ chống đạn của QĐNDVN" (https://soha.vn/quan-su/tim-hieu-cac-
loai-mu-sat-mu-chong-dan-cua-qdndvn-20140703143923538.htm).
41. "Argentina" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/arge
ntina/).
42. "US Camouflaged Helmet Cover : South Vietnam" (https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C10227
65). Australian War Memorial.
43. " "Euroclones" - An essentiel collector's guide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170911205148/h
ttp://www.theocadcollection.com/euroclones---an-essentiel-collectors-guide.html). OCAD
Militaria Collectors Resources. Archived from the original (http://www.theocadcollection.com/eu
roclones---an-essentiel-collectors-guide.html) on 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
44. "Brazil" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/brazil/).
45. "Bolivia" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/bolivia/).
46. "Canadian Forces Helmets" (http://www.mpmuseum.org/securhelmet.html).
47. "Chile M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/chile-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
48. "Taiwan M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/taiwan-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
49. "Costa Rica" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/co
sta-rica/).
50. "Cuba" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/cuba/).
51. "Ecuador" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/ecuad
or/).
52. "El Salvador" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/el
-salvador/).
53. "Greek M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/greek-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
54. "Haiti" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/haiti/).
55. "Honduras" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/hon
duras/).
56. "WWII weapons in the Ayatollah's Iran" (https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2016/10/16/wwii-
weapons-in-the-ayatollahs-iran/). 16 October 2016.
57. "Israel M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/israel-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
58. "Israeli M1 steel helmet Yom Kippur War 1973 - Collectors Weekly" (https://www.collectorswee
kly.com/stories/145656-israeli-m1-steel-helmet-yom-kippur-war-1). www.collectorsweekly.com.
59. "M53 Troops helmet" (https://dutchhelmets.nl/en/helmets/combat-helmets/m53-troops-helmet).

Dutchhelmets.nl. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
60. "Mexico M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/mexico-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
61. "New Zealand M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/new-zealand-m1.html). Brendon's
Helmets.
62. "Nicaragua" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/central-america/nic
aragua/).
63. "Paraguay" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/para
guay/).
64. "Peru M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/peru-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
65. "Peru" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/peru/).
66. "Phil. Marines PASGT helmet" (http://www.oocities.org/pmcmssr/pmhelmet1.html).
www.oocities.org.
67. "Saudi Imported M1 Helmet Copy" (https://www.middleeastmilitaria.com/987654488765h.html).
Middle East Militaria. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
68. "Singapore M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/singapore-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
69. "alliedflightgear.com" (http://www.alliedflightgear.com/USAAF%20flak%20helmets.html).
70. Webster, Donovan. "How the Military Helmet Evolved From a Hazard to a Bullet Shield" (http://
www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-military-helmet-evolved-hazard-bullet-s
hield-180963319/).
71. "Venezuela M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/venezuela-m1.html). Brendon's Helmets.
72. "Venezuela" (http://mahargpress.com/military-helmets/chapters-summaries/south-america/ven
ezuela/).
73. "West Germany M1" (http://brendonshelmets.weebly.com/west-germany-m1.html). Brendon's
Helmets.
74. Lucy, Roger (January 2015). " "Euroclones": An essential guide to postwar steel helmets" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20161011215026/http://www.theocadcollection.com/euroclones---an-e
ssentiel-collectors-guide.html). OCAD Militaria Collectors Resource. Archived from the original
(http://www.theocadcollection.com/euroclones---an-essentiel-collectors-guide.html) on 11
October 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
Books
Armold, Chris (1997). Steel pots: the history of America's steel combat helmets (1st ed.). San
Jose, Calif: R.James Bender Pub. ISBN 091213870X.
Brayley, Martin J. (2008). Tin Hats to Composite Helmets: A Collector's Guide. Marlborough,
Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-84797-024-4.
Dean, Bashford (1920). Helmets and Body Armor in Modern Warfare (https://archive.org/detail
s/helmetsbodyarmor00deanuoft/page/216/mode/2up). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Oosterman, Pieter (2010). The M-1 helmet of the World War II GI: a reference based on the M-
1Helmet.com collection. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 9780764336638.
Giard, Régis; Blais, Frederic (2007). Helmets of ETO: a historical and technical guide. Paris,
France : Histoire & Collections. ISBN 9782352500629.
Reynosa, Mark A. (1996). O capacete M-1: uma história do capacete M-1 dos EUA na
Segunda Guerra Mundial . Atglen, PA: Publicação Schiffer . ISBN 0764300741.
Reynosa, Mark A. (1999). Capacetes M-1 pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial: um estudo ilustrado .
Atglen, PA: Publicação Schiffer . ISBN 076431033X.
Diários
Studler, Rene R (maio-junho de 1942). “O Novo Capacete de Combate” (https://books.google.c
om/books?id=JN0fAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA931) . Artilharia do Exército . XXI (132): 931–934 .
Recuperado em 17 de setembro de 2020 .
Cleland, John RD (janeiro de 1954). "E o capacete?" (https://books.google.com/books?id=SD9
EAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA25) . Jornal das Forças de Combate do Exército dos Estados Unidos
. 4 (6): 24–25 . Recuperado em 17 de setembro de 2020 .
Links externos
“capacete de aço, padrão M1, com forro, Exército dos EUA” (http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/
item/object/30090608) . Ukniwm.org.uk . Recuperado em 7 de dezembro de 2017 .
"Capacete de aço, 'Talker' MKII: Marinha dos EUA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171208150
008/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30100975) . Ukniwm.org.uk. Arquivado do
original (http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30100975) em 8 de dezembro de 2017 .
Recuperado em 7 de dezembro de 2017 .
Os capacetes da Marinha são à prova de balas? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqGajwgi
UWY) Battleship New Jersey, Youtube - Mostre e conte o vídeo do capacete M1 e do capacete
talker Mk II da Marinha dos EUA
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O capacete modelo número 5, britânicos Mkl , e as Usado por Consulte Usuários

rifle. Outros testes balísticos no Campo de Provas de Aberdeen Crise do Congo

Over 22 million U.S. M1 steel helmets were manufactured Unidos do Panamá

The first liners were produced in June 1941 and designed by

and brown cloud pattern on the other.[27]

Vietnam: Some M1s used by the Vietnamese

Malaysia: Used locally made M1 helmets throughout the 1970s

2. COMBAT-HELMETS. "Schlueter Vs McCord" (http://nuke.combat-helmets.com/WorldWarII/US

59. "M53 Troops helmet" (https://dutchhelmets.nl/en/helmets/combat-helmets/m53-troops-helmet).

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