Determiners and Quantifiers

Prof. ELAINE RAMOS

DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

QUANTIFIERS

NOUNS

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
A book A coffee
One book One coffee
Two books Two coffees
Some/any book(s) Some/any coffee
Few books Little coffee
A few books A little coffee
Enough books Enough coffee
Many books Much coffee
A lot of books A lot of coffee
Lots of books Lots of coffee
Plenty of books Plenty of coffee
Several books Several coffee
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

Quantifiers são expressões usadas para indicar e fornecer informações a respeito da quantidade de algo.

Some and Any

1. Some e any são adjetivos indefinidos utilizados quando não se pode usar a/an, isto é, com os incontáveis e com substantivos no plural.
This is an apple. (singular) – These are some apples. (plural)
I need to drink some water. (uncountable)

2. Some é empregado basicamente em orações afirmativas, enquanto any é usado em perguntas (mas não em todas) ou em orações
negativas:
I bought some cheese, but I didn't buy any bread.

3. Some é usado em perguntas apenas quando se trata de um oferecimento ou pedido ou quando esperamos que a resposta seja afirmativa:
Would you like some coffee?
I'm thirsty. Can I have some water, please?

4. Any é usado em frases afirmativas quando:

- aparecer após as conjuções if e whether:
If you have any doubt, ask me.

- significar qualquer:
Take any book you need.
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

5. Some e any podem ser adjetivos ou pronomes:

I want some apples. (Função de some: adjetivo)
I want some. (Função de some: pronome indefinido)

ATENÇÃO: Os compostos de some e any são:

something, anything (objetos); someone / somebody; anyone / anybody (pessoas); somewhere, anywhere(lugares). São usados nos
mesmos tipos de orações que some e any.

No and None

Usa-se no (= adjetivo; nenhum, nenhuma) e none (= pronome; nenhum, nenhuma) com verbos na forma afirmativa para dar um sentido
negativo à frase:

1. No é sempre seguido de um substantivo e equivale a uma oração negativa com any. Assim, o verbo será sempre usado na forma
afirmativa:
I have no idea where my glasses are.

2. None equivale a not one e é usado sozinho ou também com a preposição of + substantivo. A concordância pode ser com o verbo no
singular ou plural:
None of my students speak Japanese. (Nenhum dos meus alunos fala Japonês.)
Time? I have none! (Tempo? Não tenho nenhum!)
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

A lot (of); Many; Much; (A) Little; (A) few; Plenty (of); Enoungh.

1. A lot of / lots of / plenty of são expressões que significam muito / muita / muitos / muitas. Podem ser usadas com substantivos
contáveis e incontáveis.
She has lots of friends.

2. Much (muito, muita) e little (pouco, pouca) são usados com substantivos incontáveis. Much geralmente não é usado em frases
afirmativas e pouco nas interrogativas, sendo substituído por a lot of, lots of (coloquial), plenty of ou a great deal of (seguido de um
substantivo no singular).
Sara spent a lot of time cleaning the house.

3. Many (muitos, muitas) e few (poucos, poucas) são usados com substantivos contáveis no plural:
They have many children. I think there are 10 in total!
My sister has few good grades

4. A little (um pouco) é usado com substantivos incontáveis / a few (alguns) é usado com substantivos contáveis. Ambos possuem
significado positivo (= some / any):
I have a few friends in São Paulo.
A little patience doesn't hurt anybody.
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

Enough

Enough pode ser utilizado como quantificador quando inserido antes de qualquer substantivo, para indicar a quantidade
necessária. O termo pode ser utilizado tanto nas orações afirmativas quanto nas negativas.
There is enough bread for lunch.
There are not enough apples for all of us.

OBESERVAÇÃO: Outro uso comum é aquele em que temos a sequência adjetivo + enough:
My English isn’t good enough to hold a conversation. (Meu Inglês não é bom o suficiente/bastante para manter uma diálogo.)
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

Determiners são palavras que vêm no início de uma Noun Phrase. Eles nos dizem se a Noun Phrase é específica ou geral. Determiners
podem ser specific ou general.

Articles: a/an, the

Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, x’s (possessive ’s)
Quantifiers: (a) few, fewer, (a) little, many, much, more, most, some, any, etc.
Numbers: one, two, three, etc.

All (of), Most (of), Each, Every, Both (of), Either (of), Neither (of)

1. All (todo, toda, todos, todas, tudo) é usado com substantivos contáveis, substantivos incontáveis e preposições
All my books are kept on a shelf.

- Quando all vier seguido de um determinante como the, my, your, his etc, pode-se usar a expressão all of:
All of my books are kept on a shelf.

- Diante de um pronome pessoal, somente a forma all of pode ser utilizada:

All of us are going to stay up until late.
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

2. Most (a maioria de/dos/das, a maior parte de) pode ser usado diante de substantivos precedidos ou não de adjetivos:
Most people prefer the beach to the mountains.

Não confunda: Jhon is the most intelligent boy that I’ve known.
(adjective)
Most of somente pode ser usado se seguido de um determinante (the, this, that etc.) ou um pronome pessoal ou possessivo (us, you, her,
his, them, ours, my etc.)
I spent most of my childhood in a small town.

3. Each (cada, cada um, cada uma, cada um dos, cada uma das) e every (todos, todas, cada) são usados com substantivos contáveis no
singular:
Each ring costs a lot of money
I wake up at seven o'clock every day. (Acordo às sete da manhã todos os dias.)
Every student has to get on time.
Posição de each: logo depois do sujeito ou no final da sentença.

They each bought an ice cream. OU They bought an ice cream each.
Quando each vier seguido de um determinante como the, my, your, his etc, pode-se usar a expressão each of. Com every isto não ocorre:
Each of the monuments we visited was built in the 12th century.
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

OBSERVAÇÃO:
1) Each of é seguido de um substantivo no plural ou pronome, mas o verbo da frase geralmente permanece no singular:
Each one of the houses was slightly different. O verbo no plural é bem mais informal.

OBS: Os compostos de every são: everything (tudo); everybody/everyone (todo mundo) e everywhere (todo lugar).

4. Both significa "ambos" / "ambas" ou "os dois" / "as duas", é usado para falar sobre duas coisas ou pessoas, acompanha substantivos ou
pronomes pessoais no plural e não é usado em sentenças negativas.
Both houses are really in bad condition. (Ambas as/ as duas casas estão realmente em péssimas condições.)
We both know what we want.

-Quando both vier seguido de um possessivo ou pronome pessoal, pode-se usar a expressão both of.
I like both of those pictures. OU I like both those pictures.

5. Neither; neither ... nor (= nenhum(a) [dos dois, duas]; nem um nem outro, nem ... nem; também não), é usado para falar sobre duas
coisas ou pessoas; acompanha substantivos no singular e o verbo será sempre afirmativo
Neither Alfred nor Alexander passed the test.
Would you like tea or coffe? (Você gostaria de chá ou café?)B. Neither. (Nenhum dos dois.)

Quando neither for seguido de um possessivo ou de um pronome pessoal, usa-se a expressão neither of:
Neither of them wants to go to college. (Nenhum deles quer ir para a faculdade.)
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

6. Either; either ... or (= um dos dois; ou ... ou; um ou outro; também), é usado para falar sobre duas coisas ou pessoas; acompanha
substantivos no singular e, quando houver verbo na forma negativa, either deve ser usado ao invés de neither.
A. Would you like tea or coffee? (Você gostaria de chá ou café?)
B. Either. I don't mind. (Qualquer um dos dois. Tanto faz.)
Either you eat your dinner or you go to your room.

Quando either for seguido de possessivo, pronome pessoal ou determinante (the, my, these, her, them etc), usa-se a preposição of:
You can use either of the bathrooms. (Você pode usar qualquer um dos banheiros.)

Depois de um verbo na forma negativa, o significado de either é "também":

If you don't go, I won't go either. (Se você não for, eu também não vou.)
(NÃO If you don't go, I won't go neither.)

OBERVAÇÃO: I like Pop music. What about you?

I like Pop music too. ( afirmativa )
I don’t like Pop music. What about you?
I don’t like Pop music either. ( negative )
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

Read the text to answer question.

Paul: Mary, the party is tomorrow! Do we have
everything we need?
Mary: We have _____ juice, but we should buy
more.
PauL: Do we need to buy bread?
Mary: Well, we have _____, I don’t know if it’s
enough.
Paul: So let’s talk to Jen and ask for ____ advice.
EEAR 2010 2.The opposite of “few”, in bold type in the text, is
EEAR 2019 1. Choose the alternative that best A.little.
completes the text: B.none.
A. a lot of / some / some C.some.
B.many / some / an D.lots of.
C.many / a / some
D.a lot / a / an
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

EEAR 2015 3. Fill in the blanks, in the text, with

the appropriate quantifiers:
EEAR 2012 4. Fill in the blank with the
A.any – a appropriate word to complete the text.
B.any – some
C.some – any A.many
D.some – some B.some
C.much
D.a few
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

“When you need data fast, you’ll find there are plenty
of resources on the Internet. You just need to know
where to look.”
5. – The underlined word, in the extract, is similar in
meaning to
6. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.
1. My mother did not have ______ money.
2. She only has ______ days left before retirement.
3. We still have ______ eggs.
4. He has ______ time, so she can’t stop by on her way to work.

a) none. A. many - little - few - much

b) some. B. little - much - many - few
c) a few. C. much - few - many - little
d) lots of . D. few - many - little - much
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS
7.Complete the sentences with some or any and choose
the correct alternative.
I am not hungry. I’m not hungry _____.
I am going out. I am going out ____.
I haven’t been to China. ___________ .
Would you like ____ tea?
A. either - too- neither I did - any
B. either - too - neither have I - some
C. too - too - neither did I - some
D. too - either - neither haven´t I – any
8. Complete the sentences using the right alternative:
“She drinks _______ coffee”
“How ______ cups of coffee do you drink every day ?”
“He says there was ______ milk in the pot. It was almost
empty”
“There are ________ bottles on that shelf”
“How _______ money do you have?”
a) little – many – little – few – many
b) many – much – little – few – many
c) much – few – little – few – many
d) much – many – little – few – much
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

9.In the sentence of the text “Still, there are plenty of ways 11. Which alternative completes the sentences correctly?
millennials can build a credit history without a credit card”), the — Why do you drink so _______ water ?
quantifier plenty of can be replaced, with no change in — The food had too ______ salt
meaning, by
A some a) little – few
B few b) few – much
C a few c) few – few
D a little d) much – little
E lots of e) much – much

10. Fill in the blanks correctly: “He has _______ friends but 12.Choose the correct alternative: “Only _____ survived the
______ enemies. accident”

a) much – a few a) a lot

b) a lot of – much b) any
c) lots of – little c) a few
d) few – many d) much
e) many – one e) many
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

Beware the power of the blog

14.Mark the sentence in which “most” is being used as a
Companies may not like blogs, but if they ignore
quantifier.
them
they may be inviting some PR disasters
A. The most memorable writing in eighteenth-century America
The number of blogs on the internet is doubling every
was done by the founding fathers.
five months, according to blog-tracking site
B. The Bible, the newspaper and Benjamin Franklin’s Almanacs
Technorati. The total is now around 20 million, with
were often the only reading matter in most Colonial
around 1.3 million posts made each
households.
day. Most are no more interesting than overhearing
C. The writings of Benjamin Franklin show the Enlightenment
another person's telephone call, but there are
spirit in America at its best and most optimistic.
exceptions that can have a
D. Together with the Bible and the newspaper, Almanacs were
remarkable impact.
(from http://www.computing.co.uk/itweek/comment/ 2145491/beware-power-blog, retrieved on the most-widely read material in Colonial America.
September 24th, 2008)

13. In “Most are no more interesting” most refers to

a)blogs.
b)months.
c)exceptions.
d)posts.