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ESCOLA DE QUMICA
EQE-598 LABORATRIO DE ENG. QUMICA
EQUILBRIO LQUIDO-LQUIDO
GRUPO 5:
Dbora Vieira Way DRE: 105089678
Frederico Wegenast Gomes DRE: 105023884
Martina Costa Cerqueira Pinto DRE: 105042773
Renata Alves de Lima Souza DRE: 105084636
Vtor Lopes Pereira DRE: 104018454
NDICE
1. Introduo..................................................................................... 3
1.1. Introduo Extrao .......................................................... 3
1.2. Introduo Terica............................................................... 5
1.3. Modelos de Energia Livre de Gibbs em Excesso ................... 9
2. Objetivos ....................................................................................... 15
3. Materiais ....................................................................................... 15
4. Procedimento Experimental .......................................................... 15
5. Resultados..................................................................................... 17
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
1. Introduo
1.1.
Introduo Extrao
Separao
em
sistemas
com
pontos
de
ebulio
1.2.
Introduo terica
=1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
, portanto, tem-se:
(5)
(6)
(7)
Sabe-se que, para cada fase, o somatrio das fraes molares atinge
a unidade:
(8)
(9)
1.3.
a) Modelos Empricos
Modelo NRTL
10
Modelo UNIQUAC
11
uma
parte
residual;
que
expressa
as
foras
12
Onde
13
Extenso a Misturas
i)
NRTL:
ii)
UNIQUAC:
parmetros
binrios.
Posteriormente,
os
dados
simulados
2. Objetivos
O presente trabalho visa a construo da curva de equilbrio liquidoliquido do sistema ternrio gua (1) + Etanol (2) + Acetato de Etila (3) com
a elaborao de um diagrama de fases utilizando modelos de energia livre
de Gibbs em excesso. Aps aferidos os pontos experimentais, deve-se
comparar os mesmos com os resultados encontrados na literatura.
3. Materiais
Banho termosttico;
Provetas;
Bqueres;
gua destilada, Etanol e Acetato de Etila;
Clula em escala piloto para extrao liquido-liquido.
4. Procedimento Experimental
Primeiramente, ligou-se 0 banho termosttico, e enquanto sua
temperatura no se estabilizou em 25 C, as quatro clulas do
experimento foram rinsadas com etanol e as buretas com acetato de etila.
15
16
5. Resultados
5.1.
Resultados Experimentais
Experimento
gua (mL)
Etanol (mL)
45
40
10
35
15
23
30
20
45
45
11
10
40
22
15
35
36
20
30
Componente (i)
(g/cm 3)
gua
18,0153
0.997
Etanol
46,0684
0,789
Acetato de Etila
88,1051
0,897
17
Onde
o nmero de mols,
o volume,
a densidade e
Experimento
0,94436331
0,03247258
0,02316411
0,89384663
0,06915494
0,03699843
0,79775194
0,10580624
0,09644182
0,674644
0,13918859
0,18616741
0,37912706
0,09777408
0,52309886
0,51274032
0,14425305
0,34300663
0,66503672
0,14032479
0,19463849
0,75458401
0,12973445
0,11568155
100
gua
100
Etanol
0
0
100
Acetato
18
5.2.
Modelo UNIQUAC
Componente
q=q
gua
0,9200
1,4000
Etanol
2,1054
1,9720
Acetato de Etila
3,4786
3,1160
19
Acetato de Etila
aij
gua (i=1)
Etanol (i=2)
gua (j=1)
-100,306
690,457
Etanol (j=2)
444,775
415,390
217,968
-45,794
(i=3)
Modelo NRTL
Acetato de Etila
Aij
gua (i=1)
Etanol (i=2)
gua (j=1)
-120,270
642,215
Etanol (j=2)
1329,196
316,212
2184,517
438,594
Acetato de Etila
(j=3)
(i=3)
Acetato de Etila
ij
gua (i=1)
Etanol (i=2)
gua (j=1)
0,300
0,300
Etanol (j=2)
0,300
0,300
0,300
0,300
Acetato de Etila
(j=3)
(i=3)
20
5.3.
Metodologia Computacional
) e a frao
);
)
(
=0 ,
21
5.4.
Resultados Computacionais
100
gua
Etanol
100
0
Acetato
100
22
100
gua
100
Etanol
0
100
0
Acetato
Experimento
(UNIQUAC)
(NRTL)
0,0078
0,0080
0,0238
0,0249
0,1529
0,1537
0,3712
0,3720
0,7852
0,8035
0,6334
0,6423
23
0,3883
0,3894
0,2179
0,2168
Tabela 8: Frao Orgnica Terica () calculada pelos dois modelos (UNIQUAC e NRTL).
5.5.
Clculo
dos
desvios
entre
os
resultados
computacionais e experimentais
|% | =
100
Experimento
UNIQUAC
NRTL
exp
xacetato
xeexp
tan ol
exp
xgua
calc
xacetato
xecalc
tan ol
calc
xgua
calc
xacetato
xecalc
tan ol
calc
xgua
0,02316411
0,03247258
0,94436331
0,0179
0,0320
0,9501
0,0178
0,0321
0,9501
0,03699843
0,06915494
0,89384663
0,0244
0,0667
0,9089
0,0239
0,0667
0,9094
0,09644182
0,10580624
0,79775194
0,0291
0,0866
0,8844
0,0283
0,0873
0,8844
0,18616741
0,13918859
0,674644
0,0302
0,0912
0,8785
0,0296
0,0929
0,8775
0,52309886
0,09777408
0,37912706
0,6609
0,1133
0,2258
0,6463
0,1114
0,2423
0,34300663
0,14425305
0,51274032
0,5266
0,1857
0,2876
0,5199
0,1832
0,2969
0,19463849
0,14032479
0,66503672
0,4539
0,2190
0,3272
0,4537
0,2159
0,3304
0,11568155
0,12973445
0,75458401
0,4137
0,2350
0,3514
0,4191
0,2313
0,3497
Componente (i)
%xi UNIQUAC
Acetato de Etila
85,13 %
85,48 %
Etanol
29,93 %
28,57 %
gua
28,99 %
28,18 %
% xi
NRTL
Coeficiente de
Coeficiente de
atividade UNIQUAC
atividade NRTL
gua
1,0718
1,0697
Etanol
2,9816
3,0915
Acetato de Etila
20,9570
21,4379
Componente (i)
25
Os
modelos
no
foram
capazes
de
representar
7. Concluses
26
8. Referncias:
SKOURAS,
Efstathios,
Matlab-distillation/3-component,
Disponvel
em
http://www.nt.ntnu.no/users/skoge/publications/thesis/20
4_skouras/matlab-distillation/3-component/, Acesso em 13
de Novembro de 2009;
Notas de aula das Professoras Joana e Silvia da Escola de
Qumica;
Introduo Termodinmica da Engenharia Qumica H.C.
VAN NESS & J.M. SMITH & M.M. ABBOTT, 7 edio.
9. Anexos:
% EQ LIQ-LIQ: componentes: 1 - gua, 2 - Etanol e 3 Acetato de Etila
% ######################################
% Escolha do modelo:
modelo = 1;
% UNIQUAC = 1
% NRTL = 2
% #######################################
T = 25 + 273.15; %Temperatura
% composio global
Comp = [0.9443 0.0325 0.0232;
27
0.8938
0.7978
0.6746
0.3791
0.5127
0.6651
0.7546
0.0692
0.1058
0.1392
0.0978
0.1443
0.1403
0.1297
0.0370;
0.0964;
0.1862;
0.5231;
0.3430;
0.1946;
0.1157;]';
for l = 1:size(Comp,2)
z = Comp(:,l);
z = z/sum(z);
% chutes iniciais
xI = [0.1 0.4 0.5]'; xI = xI/sum(xI);
xII = [0.950 0.045 0.005]'; xII = xII/sum(xII);
ee = 1; beta = 0.01;
% Algoritmo:
while (ee > 0.00000001)
xI0 = xI;
xII0 = xII;
% Clculo dos gamas e Ki
if modelo == 1
g1 = UNIQUAC(xI(1),xI(2),T,1);
g2 = UNIQUAC(xII(1),xII(2),T,1);
K = g2./g1;
elseif modelo == 2
g1 = NRTL(xI(1),xI(2),T,1);
g2 = NRTL(xII(1),xII(2),T,1);
K = g2./g1;
else
return
end
e = 10; % Clculo de Beta
while (e > 0.00000001)
beta0 = beta;
F = 0; dF = 0;
for i = 1:3
F = F + (z(i)*(K(i)-1))/(1+beta*(K(i)-1));
dF = dF - (z(i)*(K(i)-1)^2)/((1+beta*(K(i)-1))^2);
end
beta = beta0 - F/dF;
e = abs(beta - beta0);
end
ee = 0;
% Clculo das fraes molares em cada fase
for i = 1:3
xI(i) = z(i)*K(i)/(1+beta*(K(i)-1));
xII(i) = z(i)/(1+beta*(K(i)-1));
ee = ee + abs(xI(i)-xI0(i)) + abs(xII(i)-xII0(i));
end
28
end
B(l) = beta;
compI(:,l) = xI(:);
compII(:,l) = xII(:);
end
% Mostrar os resultados
B
compI
compII
% EQ LIQ-LIQ: componentes: 1 - gua, 2 - Etanol e 3 Acetato de Etila
% ######################################
% Escolha do modelo:
modelo = 2;
% UNIQUAC = 1
% NRTL = 2
% #######################################
T = 25 + 273.15; %Temperatura
% composio global
Comp = [0.9443 0.0325 0.0232;
0.8938 0.0692 0.0370;
0.7978 0.1058 0.0964;
0.6746 0.1392 0.1862;
0.3791 0.0978 0.5231;
0.5127 0.1443 0.3430;
0.6651 0.1403 0.1946;
0.7546 0.1297 0.1157;]';
for l = 1:size(Comp,2)
z = Comp(:,l);
z = z/sum(z);
% chutes iniciais
xI = [0.1 0.4 0.5]'; xI = xI/sum(xI);
xII = [0.950 0.045 0.005]'; xII = xII/sum(xII);
ee = 1; beta = 0.01;
% Algoritmo:
while (ee > 0.00000001)
xI0 = xI;
xII0 = xII;
% Clculo dos gamas e Ki
if modelo == 1
g1 = UNIQUAC(xI(1),xI(2),T,1);
g2 = UNIQUAC(xII(1),xII(2),T,1);
K = g2./g1;
elseif modelo == 2
g1 = NRTL(xI(1),xI(2),T,1);
g2 = NRTL(xII(1),xII(2),T,1);
K = g2./g1;
29
else
return
end
e = 10; % Clculo de Beta
while (e > 0.00000001)
beta0 = beta;
F = 0; dF = 0;
for i = 1:3
F = F + (z(i)*(K(i)-1))/(1+beta*(K(i)-1));
dF = dF - (z(i)*(K(i)-1)^2)/((1+beta*(K(i)-1))^2);
end
beta = beta0 - F/dF;
e = abs(beta - beta0);
end
ee = 0;
% Clculo das fraes molares em cada fase
for i = 1:3
xI(i) = z(i)*K(i)/(1+beta*(K(i)-1));
xII(i) = z(i)/(1+beta*(K(i)-1));
ee = ee + abs(xI(i)-xI0(i)) + abs(xII(i)-xII0(i));
end
end
B(l) = beta;
compI(:,l) = xI(:);
compII(:,l) = xII(:);
end
% Mostrar os resultados
B
compI
compII
function Y=UNIQUAC(xA,xB,T,NT)
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Program for ternary VLE by using UNIQUAC equation
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Ternary system
%
(1): gua
%
(2): Etanol
%
(3): Acetato de Etila
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Pressure is 1 atm = 1.013 bar = 760 mmHg
% Composition vectors xA, xB, are line vectors of NT
columns
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Volume parameters of pure components
30
R1=0.9200;
R2=2.1054;
R3=3.4786;
% Component 1
% Component 2
% Component 3
31
i=1:NT;
% Activity coefficients (combinatorial part) by UNIQUAC
equation
G1c(i)=log(phi1(i)./xA(i)) + z/2*Q1*log(theta1(i)./phi1(i))
+ L1...
- (phi1(i)./xA(i)).*(xA(i).*L1+xB(i).*L2+(1-xA(i)xB(i)).*L3);
G2c(i)=log(phi2(i)./xB(i)) + z/2*Q2*log(theta2(i)./phi2(i))
+ L2...
- (phi2(i)./xB(i)).*(xA(i).*L1+xB(i).*L2+(1-xA(i)xB(i)).*L3);
G3c(i)=log(phi3(i)./(1-xA(i)-xB(i))) +
z/2*Q3*log(theta3(i)./phi3(i)) + L3...
- (phi3(i)./(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(xA(i).*L1+xB(i).*L2+(1-xA(i)-xB(i)).*L3);
% Activity coefficients (residual part) by UNIQUAC equation
G1r(i) = Q1.*(1log(theta1(i).*T11(i)+theta2(i).*T21(i)+theta3(i).*T31(i)).
..
theta1(i).*T11(i)./(theta1(i).*T11(i)+theta2(i).*T21(i)+the
ta3(i).*T31(i))...
theta2(i).*T12(i)./(theta1(i).*T12(i)+theta2(i).*T22(i)+the
ta3(i).*T32(i))...
theta3.*T13(i)./(theta1(i).*T13(i)+theta2(i).*T23(i)+theta3
(i).*T33(i))); % Component 1
G2r(i) = Q2.*(1log(theta1(i).*T12(i)+theta2(i).*T22(i)+theta3(i).*T32(i)).
..
theta1(i).*T21(i)./(theta1(i).*T11(i)+theta2(i).*T21(i)+the
ta3(i).*T31(i))...
theta2(i).*T22(i)./(theta1(i).*T12(i)+theta2(i).*T22(i)+the
ta3(i).*T32(i))...
theta3.*T23(i)./(theta1(i).*T13(i)+theta2(i).*T23(i)+theta3
(i).*T33(i))); % Component 2
G3r(i) = Q3.*(1log(theta1(i).*T13(i)+theta2(i).*T23(i)+theta3(i).*T33(i)).
..
32
theta1(i).*T31(i)./(theta1(i).*T11(i)+theta2(i).*T21(i)+the
ta3(i).*T31(i))...
theta2(i).*T32(i)./(theta1(i).*T12(i)+theta2(i).*T22(i)+the
ta3(i).*T32(i))...
theta3.*T33(i)./(theta1(i).*T13(i)+theta2(i).*T23(i)+theta3
(i).*T33(i)));
% Component 3
% Activity coefficients by UNIQUAC equation
G1(i)=exp(G1c(i)+G1r(i));
Component 1
G2(i)=exp(G2c(i)+G2r(i));
Component 2
G3(i)=exp(G3c(i)+G3r(i));
Component 3
%
%
%
Y=[G1;G2;G3]
function Y=NRTL(xA,xB,T,NT)
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Program for ternary VLE by using NRTL equation
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Ternary system
%
(1): gua
%
(2): Etanol
%
(3): Acetato de Etila
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Pressure is 1 atm = 1.013 bar = 760 mmHg
% Composition vectors xA, xB, are line vectors of NT
columns
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Gas constant
R=1.98721;
% cal/(mol*K)
%**********************************************************
*********************
% Data that have to be changed for different mixtures
% Interaction parameters Aij for NRTL equation
A11=0;
% Pure component 1
A22=0;
% Pure component 2
A33=0;
% Pure component 3
A12=1329.196;
% Binary mixture 1-2
33
A21=-120.270;
A13=2184.517;
A31=642.215;
A23=438.594;
A32=316.212;
%
%
%
%
%
Binary
Binary
Binary
Binary
Binary
mixture
mixture
mixture
mixture
mixture
2-1
1-3
3-1
2-3
3-2
34
+ xA(i).*G11./(G11.*xA(i)+G21.*xB(i)+G31.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(taf11 - (xA(i).*taf11.*G11+xB(i).*taf21.*G21+(1xA(i)-xB(i)).*taf31.*G31)./(G11.*xA(i)+G21.*xB(i)+G31.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))))...
+ xB(i).*G12./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(taf12 - (xA(i).*taf12.*G12+xB(i).*taf22.*G22+(1xA(i)-xB(i)).*taf32.*G32)./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))))...
+ (1-xA(i)-xB(i)).*G13./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))).*(taf13 (xA(i).*taf13.*G13+xB(i).*taf23.*G23+(1-xA(i)xB(i)).*taf33.*G33)./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))));
LNGAMMA2(i)=(taf12.*G12.*xA(i)+taf22.*G22.*xB(i)+taf32.*G32
.*(1-xA(i)-xB(i)))./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1-xA(i)xB(i)))...
+ xA(i).*G21./(G11.*xA(i)+G21.*xB(i)+G31.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(taf21 - (xA(i).*taf11.*G11+xB(i).*taf21.*G21+(1xA(i)-xB(i)).*taf31.*G31)./(G11.*xA(i)+G21.*xB(i)+G31.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))))...
+ xB(i).*G22./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(taf22 - (xA(i).*taf12.*G12+xB(i).*taf22.*G22+(1xA(i)-xB(i)).*taf32.*G32)./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))))...
+ (1-xA(i)-xB(i)).*G23./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))).*(taf23 (xA(i).*taf13.*G13+xB(i).*taf23.*G23+(1-xA(i)xB(i)).*taf33.*G33)./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))));
LNGAMMA3(i)=(taf13.*G13.*xA(i)+taf23.*G23.*xB(i)+taf33.*G33
.*(1-xA(i)-xB(i)))./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1-xA(i)xB(i)))...
+ xA(i).*G31./(G11.*xA(i)+G21.*xB(i)+G31.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(taf31 - (xA(i).*taf11.*G11+xB(i).*taf21.*G21+(1xA(i)-xB(i)).*taf31.*G31)./(G11.*xA(i)+G21.*xB(i)+G31.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))))...
+ xB(i).*G32./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))).*(taf32 - (xA(i).*taf12.*G12+xB(i).*taf22.*G22+(1xA(i)-xB(i)).*taf32.*G32)./(G12.*xA(i)+G22.*xB(i)+G32.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))))...
+ (1-xA(i)-xB(i)).*G33./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1xA(i)-xB(i))).*(taf33 (xA(i).*taf13.*G13+xB(i).*taf23.*G23+(1-xA(i)xB(i)).*taf33.*G33)./(G13.*xA(i)+G23.*xB(i)+G33.*(1-xA(i)xB(i))));
% Activity coefficients 'GAMMA'
GAMMA1(i)=exp(LNGAMMA1(i));
Component 1
35
GAMMA2(i)=exp(LNGAMMA2(i));
Component 2
GAMMA3(i)=exp(LNGAMMA3(i));
Component 3
%
%
Y=[GAMMA1;GAMMA2;GAMMA3]
36