1 Lista 1

Problema 2) E…ciência de um refrigerador de Carnot:

QF QF 1
k= = = jQQ j
W jQQ j QF 1
QF

onde
W = jQQ j QF

QF QF 1
k= = = jQQ j
W jQQ j QF 1
QF

Usando a relação válida para o ciclo de Carnot

jQQ j TQ
=
QF TF
obtemos
1
k= TQ
TF 1
Cálculo do calor:
Q = mc T + mL

Q = 10 2:05 103 20 + 10 340 103

Q = 3:82 106 J

TQ = 303; 15 K; TF = 253; 15 K
E…ciência:
1
k= 303:15 = 5:06
253:15 1
Por de…nição
QF
k=
W
e
QF
W =
k
Obtemos

1
 W = 7:549 4 105 J

754:9 4
W = 754:9 4 kJ = kW h = 0:21kW h
3600

Problema 3)

P = 1200 W

TQ = 313; 15 K; TF = 293; 15 K
Então
1
k= 313:15
293:15 1

k = 14:65

jQQ j = QF + W = (k + 1) P t

jQQ j = 15:65 1200 3600

jQQ j = 6:76 107 J

Problema 5)
Q
Q = ncp T ! T =
ncp
nR nR Q RQ 2Q
V = T = = 5 =
p p ncp 2 Rp
5p
2Q
W =p V =p
5p
2
W = Q ! W = 200 J
5
Problema 6)
U =0!W =Q
W = Q = T S = 400 50 = 20 kJ
Problema 8)
(a)

2
 pb V b = pa V a

Va
pb = p a ! pb = 0; 5 atm
Vb

pc V c = pa V a

Va 1;4
p c = pa ! pc = (0; 5) = 0; 379 atm
Vc
(b)
Vb
Qab = pa Va ln = 1; 0 ln 2:0 = 0; 693 atm:l
Va

Qbc = U = ncv Tc ncv Tb

cv
Qbc = (pc Vc pb V b )
R
5
Qbc = (0; 379 2; 00 0; 500 2; 00) = 0:605 atm:l
2
jQbc j
=1
Qab
0:605
= 1:0 = 0:127
0:693
(c)

W = Qab jQbc j

W = 0:693 0:605 = 0:088 atm:l

W = 0:088 100 = 8; 8 J
Problema 10)
(a)
cp 5
QAB = pA (VB VA ) = 5; 0 = 12; 5 atm:l
R 2
cp 5
QCD = pC (VD VC ) = 0; 5 (15; 2 22; 8) = 9; 5 atm:l
R 2

3
 Rendimento
jQCD j
=1
QAB
9; 5
= 1; 0 = 0; 24
12; 5
(b) Invertendo o ciclo, a e…ciência do refrigerador …ca dada por
QCD QCD
k= =
W jQAB j QCD
9; 5
k= ! k = 3; 2
12; 5 9; 5
Problema 12)
(a)

Q12 = U12 = ncv (T2 T1 )

1 3
Q12 = R (1000 250)
2 2
3
Q12 = 8; 314 (1000 250) = 4:676; 6 J
4
Z S3
Q23 = T2 ds = T2 (S3 S2 )
S2

Q23 = 1000 (20 28) = 8:000 J

Q12
k=
jQ23 j Q12
4:676; 6
k= = 1; 4
8:000 4:676; 6
(b) Veja a …gura do problema 8.

2 Lista 2

Problema 2)

W1 = Q1 Q2 ;
W2 = Q2 Q3
W W1 + W2 Q1 Q3
= = =
Q1 Q1 Q1

4
 Q3
=1
Q1
Q1 T1 Q3 T3
= ; =
Q2 T2 Q2 T2
Escrevendo
T2
Q2 = Q1
T1
obtemos
Q3 Q3 T1 T3 Q3 T3
= = ! =
Q2 Q1 T2 T2 Q1 T1
Portanto, demonstra-se que
T3
=1
T1
Problema 3)
(a)
Qf
k= ; W = jQq j Qf
W
Qf
jQq j = Qf + W = Qf +
k
42
jQq j = 42 + = 49; 37 kcal
5; 7
(b)
42
W = = 7; 37 kcal
5; 7
Problema 4)
(a)
Q = 500 cal ! W = Q = 500 cal
(b) Rendimento da máquina:

jQf j T2
=1 =1
Qq T1

T2 300
=1 =1 = 0; 25
T1 400
Logo,
T2
jQf j = Qq
T1
300
jQf j = 500 = 375 cal
400
(c)
W = jQf j = 375 cal

5
Problema 6)
Q = mcg T + mLF + mc T 0
Qg = 10 0; 50 10 + 10 80 + 10 1; 0 15
Qg = 1; 0 kcal
Qg 1000:0
S= = = 3; 47 cal=K
Tlago 288:
Problema 7)
(a)

V0
QI = nRT ln + ncv (T " T 0)
V
V0 p"V 0 p0 V 0
QI = pV ln + cv
V R R
V0 cv
QI = pV ln + (p" p0 ) V 0
V R
cv p 3cv
QI = pV ln 2 + 2p 2V = pV ln 2 + V
R 2 R

QI = pV ln 2 + 4; 5pV

p0 = 2p; V 0 = V =2; p" = 2p; V " = 2V

V0 cp V0 2cp V
QII = pV ln + p0 (V " V 0 ) = pV ln + p 2V
V R V R 2

V0 3cp 3cp
QII = pV ln + pV = pV ln 2 + pV
V R R

QII = pV ln 2 + 7; 5pV

(b)

V0
WI = pV ln = pV ln 2
V
V0
WII = pV ln + 2p (V " V 0) = pV ln 2 + 3pV
V
(c)

6
 cv p cv 3
UI = ncv (T " T 0) = 2p V0 = p (2V )
R 2 R2
3cv
UI = pV = 4; 5pV
R

3
UII = 2p V = 2p V = 3pV
2
(d)
0 Z Z
nRT ln VV T"
dQ V0 T"
ncv dT
SI = + = R ln +
T T0 T V T0 T
T"
SI = R ln 2 + cv ln
T0
p"V "
SI = R ln 2 + cv ln
p0 V 0
2p
SI = R ln 2 + cv ln p = R ln 2 + 2cv ln 2
2

SI = 4R ln 2

0 Z Z
nRT ln VV T"
dQ V0 T"
ncp dT
SII = + = R ln +
T T0 T V T0 T
T"
SII = R ln 2 + cp ln
T0
p"V "
SII = R ln 2 + cp ln
p0 V 0
2V
SII = R ln 2 + cp ln V
= R ln 2 + 2cp ln 2
2

SII = 4R ln 2

Problema 9)
(a)
Vi V N
p = 5; 00 103 e a
m2

7
 Vi Vf
pf = 5; 00 103 e a = 5; 00 103 e 1

N
pf = 1:839; 4
m2
(b)
pf Vf = nRTf
pf V f 1:839; 4 2; 00
Tf = =
R 8; 314
Tf = 442 K
(c)
Z Vf
W = pdV
Vi
Z Vf Vi V
W = 5; 00 103 e a dV
Vi
Z 2
e1 x
dx = 0; 632
1

W = 5; 00 103 0; 632
W = 3:160 J
(d) Processo isobárico:
Z Tf Z Tf
dQ ncp dT Tf pf V f
S1 = = = ncp ln = ncp ln
Ti T Ti T Ti pi V i
Vf
S1 = cp ln = 2; 5R ln 2
Vi
Processo isovolumétrico:
Z Tf Z Tf
dQ ncv dT Tf pf V f
S2 = = = ncv ln = ncv ln
Ti T Ti T Ti pi V i
pf 1:839; 4
S2 = cv ln = 1; 5R ln
pi 5:000
S2 = 1; 5R

S= S1 + S2 = 2; 5R ln 2 1; 5R
S = 0; 233R

Processo isotérmico:
Vf
Q nRTi ln Vi Vf
S1 = = = nR ln = R ln 2
Ti Ti Vi

8
Processo isovolumétrico:
Z Tf Z Tf
dQ ncv dT Tf pf V f
S2 = = = ncv ln = ncv ln
Ti T Ti T Ti pi V i

pf 1:839; 4
S2 = cv ln = 1; 5R ln
pi 5:000
pi Vf = nRTi = p0 V0
p0 V 0 5:000
pi = = = 2:500
Vf 2; 0
1:839; 4
S2 = 1; 5R ln
2:500
S2 = 0:460 28R
S = R ln 2 0:460 28R
S = 0; 233R

Problema 10)

Qf d
k= ; jQq j = 1; 8 106 cal=hora
W dt
W = jQq j Qf = jQq j kW
jQq j
W =
1+k
dW 1 d
= jQq j
dt 1 + k dt
dW 1 1; 8 106 cal
=
dt 1 + k 3:600 s
dW 500 cal cal
= = 104; 17
dt 4; 8 s s
dW cal
= 104; 17 4; 186
dt s
dW
= 436 W
dt