ESSENTIAL ENGLISH FOR FOREIGN STUDENT BOOK 1

LECTURE:
➢ MACHAVA, Lourenço Alberto
STUDENT: HERMINIA MUTHEMBA
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

THE GREETINGS (As saudações)

Good Morning Bom dia

Good Afternoon
Good Evening
We use “Good Evening”, when we are
arriving in some place for greetings.
Good Night
We use “Good Night”, when we are leaving,
when shall not see the person on that night,
when we are going to sleep.
How are you?
I am very well, thank you and you? Or I
am fine and You?
I am not very well, i am sick.
I am not very well, i spent my day badly.
Boa tarde
Boa noite
Usamos o “Good Evening” quando
chegamos nm lugar para saudar.
Boa noite
Usamos o ‘Good Night”, quando estamos a
despedir, quando não veremos mais a
mesma pessoa, naquela mesma noite,
quando vamos dormir.
Como estas?
Eu Estou bem, obrigado e voce?
Eu não estou muito bem, estou doente.
Eu não estou muito bem, passei o meu dia
muito mal.

THE DAYS OF THE WEEK (Os Dias De Semana)

Sunday (Domingo), Monday (Segunda - Feira), Tuesday (Terca - Feira), Wednesday

(Quarta – Feira), Thursday (Quinta – Feira), Friday (Sexta- Feira) and Saturday (Sabado).

MONTHS OF THE YEAR (Os Meses Do Ano)

January (janeiro), February (fevereiro), March (março), April (abril), May (maio), June
(junho), July (julho), August (agosto), September (setembro), October (outubro),
November (novembro) and December (dezembro).

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 PARTS OF HUMAN BODY

(Partes do Corpo Humano).

Head (Cabeça) Hair (Cabelo) Brain/Mind (Cérebro)

Skull (Crȃneo) Eye (Olho) Eyelashes (Pestanas)

Eye Lid (Pálpebras) Eye Brow (Sombracelha) Ear/Hearing (Ouvido)

Jaw (Maxila) Nose (Nariz) Lung (Pulmões)

Heart (Coração) Bladder[Bexiga ﴾Urinária )] Nostril (Fossa Nasal)

Arm (Braço) Elbow (Cotovelo) Hand (Mão)

Wrist (Pulso) Finger (Dedo) Thumb (Dedo Polegar)

Forfinger (Dedo Indicador) Meddle Finger (Dedo Ring Finger (Dedo Anelar)
Médio)

Little Finger (Dedo Chest (Peito Masculino) Breast (Peito, Seio)

Minimo)

Liver (Figado) Bowl (Intestino) Blood (Sangue)

Stomach (Estomago) Kidneys (Rins) Back (Costa)

Waist (Cintura) Joint (Articulação/Junta) Back Born (Coluna
Vertebral)
Artery (Arteria) Knee (Joelho) Vein (Veia)

Rib (Costela) Skin (Pele) Muscle (Músclo)

Mouth (Boca) Lip (Lábio) Cheek (Bochecha)

Throat (Garganta) Gum (Gengiva) Tongue (Língua)

Beard-----Barba Shoulder---Ombro Under Arm----Sovaco

Foot---Pé Feet---Pés Chin----Queixo

Neck---Pescoço Nail----Unha Tooth----Dente

Teeth----Dentes Heel----Calcanhar Bust---Mama

Esophago---Esófago Rumps---Nadegas Leg---Perna

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3
 THE DIVISION OF THE HUMAN BODY

(Divisão do Corpo Humano)

The Body Is Divided In Three (3) Parts:

Head (Cabeça), Trunk (Tronco) And Limbs (Membros)

THE FIVE SENSES (Os Cinco (5) Sentidos)

1. Sense Of Taste Sentido De Paladar

2. Sense Of Hearing Sentido De Audição
3. Sense Of Sight Sentido Visão
4. Sense Of Smell Sentido De Olfacto

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5. Sense Of Touch Sentido De Tacto
1. I Taste With My Tongue Eu Saboreio Com A Minnha Limgua
2. I Hear With My Ears Eu Oiço Com Os Meus Houvidos
3. I See With My Eyes Eu Vejo Com Os Meus Olhos
4. I Smell With My Nose Eu Cheiro Com O Meu Nariz
5. I Touch With My Fingers Eu Palpo Com Os Meus Dedos

1. Somebody Who Doesn’t See Is Blind (Alguém Que Não Vê É Cego(a))

2. Somebody Who Doesn’t Speak Is Dumb (Alguém Que Não Fala É Mudo(a))
3. Somebody Who Doesn’t Hear Is Deaf (Alguém Que Não Ouve É Surdo(a))
4. Somebody Without Leg, Nose, Arm Or Other Parts Of The Body Is Lame
(Alguém Sem Perna, Nariz, Braço Ou Outras Partes Do Corpo É Deficiente).

THE FAMILY (A Familia)

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Father, Dad (Pai, Papa) Godmother (Madrinha) Grand Son (Neto)

Motther, Mum (Mama, Godfather (Padrinho) Granddaughter (Neta)

Mãe)
Son (Filho) Brother (Irmão) Great Grandchild (Bisneto)

Daughter (Filha) Sister (Irmã) Father in Law (Sogro)

Child (Criança) Mother in Law (Sogra) Wife (Esposa)

Baby (Bebé) Son-in-Law (Genro) Dad (Pai)

Grandchildren (Netos) Doughter in Law (Nora) Siblings (Irmãos (ãs)

Grandfather (Avô) Brother in Law (Cunhado) Children (Crianças)

Grand Mother (Avó) Sister in Law (Cunhada) Uncle (Tio) Aunt (Tia)

Married (Casado (a)) Stepsister (Filha Da Stepfather (Padrasto)

Madrasta)
Stepmother (Madrasta ) Stepdaughte ( Enteada) Stepson (Enteado)
Partner (Sócio) Aunt (Tia) Briiedmaid (Cortejo)
Nephew (Sobrinho) Honeymoon (Lua De Mel) Niece (Sobrinha)

Stepbrother (Filho Do Cousin (Primo(a)) Friend (Amigo(a))

Padrasto)
Bried (Noiva) Lady (Senhora) Briedgroom (Noivo)

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 THE ENGLISH ALPHABET

LESSON ONE (1)

VOCABULARY (Vocabulário).

Number (numrero) Man (Homem) Woman (Mulher) Boy (Menino,

Rapaz)
Girl (Menina, Question (Pergunta, Answer (Resposta, Ship (Navio)
Rapariga) Questão) Responder)

No ( Não) Horse (Cavalo) Toy ( Brinquedo) Baby (Bebê)

Cat (Gato) Dog (Cão) Hammer (Martelo) Nail (Prego, Unha)
Mountain Is (é, esta) This (este(a)) A /an (Um, Uma)
(Montanha)
It (isto, este, Train (comboio) Drill (Treino) Tree (Arvore)
esta, ele, ela)
Pronuciation Neuter (Neutro) Voice (Voz) Clock ( Relogio)
(Pronúncia)
What (Oquê, qual) And ( e) Yes ( Sim) Motor Car (
Carro)_

GRAMMER OF LESSON ONE (1)

It is a neuter pronoun; Is is verb to Be in singular;

A/an inare indefinite articles in singular; In is a preposition;
What is interrogative pronoun; And a coordinanting comjunction.

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 LESSON TWO (2)

VOCABULARY (Vocabulário).

Aeropllane (Avião) Wall (Parede) Cat (Gato) Station (Estação)

Ice (Gelo) Mouse (Rato) Mice (Ratos) Astray (Cinzeiro)

Egg (Ovo) Bad (Podre/Mau) Ice-Cream (Sorvete) Apple (Maçã)

Consonante Umbrella (Guarda Sound (Som) Where (Onde)

(Consoante) Chuva)
Bed (Cama) Sky (Céu/Espaço) On (Sobre) In (No,Na, Nos,
Nas)

Egg-Cup Before (Antes) Vowel (Vogal) Under (Em Baixo)

(Favo/Cartão)
Table (Mesa) Ship (Navio) Sea (Mar) Give (Dar)

The (O,A,Os,As) Class-Room (Sala Or (Ou) A/Na (Um,Uma)

De Aulas)
Cream (Crème)

NOTES ABOUT ARTICLES

➢ When We Put Indefinite Article (a)?

We put indefinite article a before, becouse the noun begins by consonante letter.

Ex: a girl, a ship, a house, a boy, a woman, a cat, a tree, …

➢ When We Put Indefinite Article (An)?

we put indefinite article an before, because the noun begins by vowel letter.

Ex: an orange, an ear, an eye, an ice, an umbrella, an apple, …

➢ When We Pronounce the Definite Article The (De)?

We pronounce definite article the(de) when the noun begins by consonante letter.

Ex: the(de) boy, the (de) man, the (de) women, the (de) girl, the (de) ship, the (de)
house, ...

➢ When We Pronounce Definite Article The (Di)?

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We pronounce the definite article the(di) when the noun begins by vowel letter.

Ex: the(di) oramge, the (di) eye, the (di) egg, the (di) ear, the (di) umbrella, the(di) ice, …

GRAMMAR AND ITS FUNCTION

• Grammar - is a study of the rules or laws of the language in writing or speaking.

• Nouns - are names of persons animals or things. ex: francisco, cat, table, ...

THE FUNCTION OF THE WORDS

• Verb - the function of the verb is to express the action done by subject.
• Demonstrative pronoun - the function of the demonstrative pronoun is to
demonstrate the noun.
• Interrogative pronoun -the function of the interrogative pronoun is to interrogate the
noun.
• Articles -the function of the articles is to aconpany the nouns.
• Preposition -the function of the preposition is to excpress where the noun is, or how
the action is done, or where the action is done by subject.
• Adjective - the function of the adjective is to qualify the noun.
• Sentence -the sentence is a group of the words which make a complete sense.
• Phrase - the phrase is a group of the words without a complete sense.

THE PUNCTUATION MARKS

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 (Sinais de Pontuação)

LESSON (3) THREE

VOCABULARY (Vocabulário).

Pencil (Lapís) King (Rei) Queen (Rainha) Football (Bola)

Child (Criança) Children (Crianças) Mouse (Rato) Mice (Ratos)
Sun (Sol) Son (Filho) Moon (Lua) Star (Estrela)
There (Lá-Há-Ai) Cups (Chavenas) Saurcers (Píres) Far (Longe)
Near (Perto) Earth (Terra) Picture Language (Lingua)
(Gravura/Figura)
This (Este/Esta) These (Estes/Estas) Way/Path Flower (Flor)
(Caminho)
Write (Escrever) Say (Dizer) Box (Caixa) Watch
(Relogio/Assistir)

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School (Escola) Other (Outro(a) Some Same
Outros(as) ) (Alguns/Algumas) (Mesmo/Mesma)

Behind (Atrás) Open (Abrir) Close (Fechar) Shut (Fechar)

Window (Janela) Door (Porta) Right(Certo/Direita) Left (Esquerda)
Table (Mesa) They (Eles(as)) Is (É/Esta) Are (São/Estão)
Waiter (Servente) That Those
(Aquele/Aquela) (Aqueles/Aquelas)

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 GRAMMER OF LESSON THREE(3)

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS

Regular Nouns -are nouns which end in S in plural. ex:

Singular Plural
Boy Boys
Girl Girls
Train Trains
Apple Apples
Book Books
Dog Dogs

Irreguar Nouns are nouns which don’t end in s in plural, only they change the form in
writing. Ex:

Singular Plural
Man Men
Woman Women
Child Children
Mouse Mice
Foot Feet
Tooth Teeth

This is demonstrative These is demonstrative That is demonstrative

pronoun in singular
Those is demonstrative
pronoun in plural
They is personal pronoun in
plural
pronoun in plural pronoun in singular
Is is a verb to be in singular Are is a verb to be in plural
Who is interrogative What is interrogative
pronoun pronoun

Of is a preposition He is a personal pronoun in She is a personal pronoun in

singular singular

It is a personal pronoun in There is demonstrative Where is interrogative

singular pronoun pronoun

How is intrrogative pronoun

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 LESSON (4) FOUR

VOCABULARY (Vocabulário).

Mr. ( senhor) Want (querer) Mrs. (senhora Miss. (senhora Know (saber)
casada) não casada)
If (se) Husband Come (vir) Wife (esposa) Is not (não é)
(marido/esposo)
Son (filho) Are not Daughter They What (oquê)
(não são) (filha) (eles/elas)

Sleep (dormir) Wait/hope/expe Eat (comer) Usually Coconut (côco)

ct (espear) (usualmente)
For (para) Peanut Things (coisas) Cashewnut He (ele)
(amendoim) (castanha)

Buy (comprar) She (ela) Maybe/perhaps It (ele/ela ) Place (lugar)

(talvez)
copy

copiar
Both (ambos) Beer (Cerveja) Reply Who (Quem) Case (Caso)
(Responder)
Quem

GRAMMAR OF LESSON FOUR (4)

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal pronoun are group of the words which are set instead of the nouns. Ex:

I (eu), YOU (tu/você), HE (ele), SHE (ela), IT(ele/ela), WE(nós), YOU(vocês) and
TYEY(eies/elas).

SINGULAR PLURAL

I, You, He, She and It We, You and They.

• I- first personal pronoun in singular

• You-second personal pronoun in singular
• He-third personal pronuon in singular
• She-third personal pronoun in singular
• It-third personal pronoun in singular
• We-first personal pronoun in plural
• You- second peronal pronon in plural

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 • They –third personal pronoun in plural

LESSON (5) FIVE

VOCABULARY (Vocabulário).

Sir (senhor) Convarsation Rihgt Imperative Wrong (errado)

(conversa) (certo/direito) (imperativo)
Take (levar) All (todos) Count Too/also Please (por favor)
(contra) (também)
Tell (dizer) Bring (trazer) Here (aqui) Now (agora) There (lá/há/aí/ali)

See (ver) Weak (fraco) Look Strong (forte) Many

(ver/observar) (muito(a),(os),(as))
Always A lot of Form(forma) Great Often (geralmente)
(sempre) (muito(a),(os)(as)) (importante/gra
nde)
Library
(livraria)

GRAMMER OF LESSON FIVE(5)

Verb TO BE simple presente tense

Simple presente tense is a tense which express an action that happiness sometime, often,
everyday, every week, every month, every year. (it expresses an action that repeat).

To Conjugate Verb TO BE In Simple Presente Tense We Use Personal Pronouns

Posetive Conjugation Interrogative Conjugation Negative Conjugation

I am Am i? I am not
You are Are you? You are not
He is Is he? He is not
She is Is she? She is not
It is Is it? It is not
We are Are we? We are not
You are Are you? You are not
They are Are they? They are not

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To make intrrogative sentence we must begin by a verb or by interrogative pronoun. Ex: am,
is, are (verb to be). or where, who, what, why, when, how, etc (Interrogative pronouns).

To make negative sentence we put the word not or n’t at the end of the verb.

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Ex: He is a man - He is not a man or He isn’t a man

I am a student – I am not a student {not= n’t}

You are woman - you are not woman or you aren’t woman

NOTE ABOUT THE IMPERETIVE

Imperative is a form of the verb which express a command or an order. Ex:

• Aff. imperative: come here, go there, bring the book here, look here, take the
book there.
• Neg. imperative: Don’t come here, don’t bring the book here, don’t look here,
don’t take the book there.

INTRODUTION OF STUDY OF LESSON SIX(6) BOOK 1

VUCABULARY OF LESSON SIX

Farm Fazenda/Quinta A Few Pouco(A),(Os),(As)

Look Olhar/Observar Potatoes Batatas

Page Pagina Kind Especie/Tipo

Country País/Campo Colour Cor

Town Cidade Red Vermelho/A

Clouds Nuvens Green Verde

Small Pequeno/A Black Preto/A

Now Agora White Branco/A

Cart Caroça Blue Azul

Corns Grãos/Milho Brown Castanho/A

River Rio YellowAmarelo/A

Apple Trees Macieiras Grey Cinzento/A

Feeding Alimentando Garden Jardim

Digging Cavando Fild Campo

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Famer Fazendeiro Pigs Porcos

Except Excepto Cows Vacas

Gate Portão Sheep Ovelha

Next Asseguir Row Crú

With Com Ripe Maduro

Cabbages Couves Yet/Still Ainda

Chickens Frangos Lawer Advogado

Big Grande Judge Juiz

Form Forma Animals

Animais

More Mais Horse Cavalo

Ox Boi Quality Qualidade

Left Hand Mão Esquerda Manner Modo

Right Hand Mão Direita Time Tempo

Good Bom/Boa Place Lugar

Opposites Opstos Flood Cheias

Right Answer Resposta Certa Ofcourse

Conserteza

Wrong Answer Resposta Errada Realy Realmente

Bad Mau/Podre Indeed Concerteza

Hot Quente Round Em Volta

Warm Normal Farm House Casa De

Fazenda

Near Perto Grow Crescer

About Acerca Pull Puxar

Far Longe Push Empurar

Sweet Potatoes Batatas Doces Cold Frio

Just Já Cool Fresco

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Nation Nação Gloom/Dark Escuro

Quantity Quantidade Anger Nervoso

GRAMMER OF LESSON SIX (6)

Possessive Form is a group of the nouns which possesse others.

The possessive form is done by adding an apostrophe (‘) and (s) in noun possessor.

Ex: regular nouns-the boy’s footboll = the footboll of the boy, the farm’s wife=the wife of the
farm, the girl’s blouse = the blouse of the girl, the king’s son = the son of the king, etc.

irregular nouns- the man’s suit= the suit of the man, the child’s milk= the milk of the child

SIGNIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE WORDS

Antonimas words = opposites words are words which have the opposite
meanings(signification).ex; husband—wife, right---wrong, good---bad, far---near, etc

Sinonymous words are words which have the same meanings, but differente in writing and
pronunciation.ex: happy – glad, chearful – pleasant ,…

Homonymous words are words which have the same writing and pronunciation, but have
deference in signification.ex: watch--relogio watch--assistir, nail--prego nail—unha…

Paranymous words are words which are similar each other in writinng and pronunciation, but
having troubles in signification. ex:(perfect - prefect), (god - good), (fall - full)…

Homografous words are words which possesse the key note stress at the penultiment syllable.
ex: reception, maputo, france, egipt,…

Homofanous words are words which possesse the same pronunciation, but deffer in writing
and meaning. ex: (hut- heart), (shirt - sheet),…

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Possessive adjectives is a group of the words which express the possess

The possessive adjectives are used in singular and plural nouns.

Ex: This is my book(singular) These are my books(plural)

This is our school( singular) These are our pens(plural)

This is their book(singular) These are their books(plural).

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 Possessive adjectives are :

MY meu, mimha, meus, minhas

YOUR teu,tua, teus,tuas YOUR vossos/vossas

HIS dele THEIR deles/delas

HER dela

ITS dele/dela

OUR nosso,nossa, nossos,nossas

THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

I My

YOU Your

HE His

SHE Her

IT Its

WE Our

YOU Your

THEY Their

CONJUGATION OF THE VERBS IN SIMPLE PRTESENT TENSE

To conjugat the verbs in simple present tense we use personal pronouns (i, you,he,she,it we
you and they) and we increase (s) or (es) for third (3rd) personal pronoun singular.

S.P.T S.P.T S.P.T S.P.T

VERB TO CAME VERB TO GO VERB TO SPEAK VERB TO

TEACH

I come I go I speak I teach

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YOU come YOU go YOU speak YOU teach

HE comes HE goes HE speaks HE teaches

SHE comes SHE goes SHE speaks SHE teaches

IT comes IT goes IT speaks IT teaches

WE come WE go WE speak WE teach

YOU come YOU go YOU speak YOU teach

THEY come THEY go THEY speak THEY teach

When we want to know the age of a person we use verb to be in forms am, is are.
Ex: I am 20 years oid. He is 25 years oid. You are 30 years old. They are 35 years
old.

VOCABULARY OF LESSON EIGHT(8) BOOK 1

Seaside Beira-Mar/Pertio Da Praia Wind Vento

Staying Alojando/Permanencia Rare Raro

Standing Parando To Para

Shinimg Iluminando Of De,Do,Da

Eating Comendo At No(A),Nos(As

Walking Andando Above Em Cima

Sand Areia Below Em Baixo

Playing Jogando Underneathdebaixo De

Doing Fazendo Newspaper Jornal

Flying Voando Birds Passáros

Over Em Cima Raining Chovendo

Leave Deixar/Abandonar Bitter Amargar

Live Viver Suply Fornecer

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 GRAMER OF LESSON EIGHT (8) BOOK 1

PRESENTE CONTINOUS TENSE

PRESENTE COUTINOUS TENSE is a tense which express an action that is happening in

the present moment and giving continuation.

*HOW TOM CHANGE A SENTENCE WHICH IS IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE INTO

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE?

To change a sentence which is in simple present tense into present continous tense we do like
this:

✓ 1ST we put the subject(noun or personal pronoun).

✓ 2Nd we put auxiliar verb to be conjugated(am,is,are) in accordance of the subject.
✓ 3RD we pu the principal(main) veb ending with particular ING.
✓ 4TH we put the object form.

Ex: s.p.t i go to school p.c.t i am going to school

s.p.t he reads a book p.c.t he is reading a book

s.p.t you stay at the houtel p.c.t you are staying at the houtel

s.p.t we have books of english p.c.t we are having books of english

s.p.t Mary is in the classroom p.c.t Mary is being in the classroom

NOTE ABOUT LINES A), B), and C).

• LINE A) says verbs ending whith consonant letter plus (+) (e) lose (e) before adding
particular ing.

Ex: make---mak(e) = making, smoke---smok(e) = smoking,

come---com(e) = coming have---hav(e) = having

• LINE B) says verbs ending with one(1) vowel letter plus(+) one(1) consonant letter
we double the consanant letter before addind particular ing.

Ex: swim---swim + m + ing = swimming dig---dig + g + = digging

run---run + n+ ing = running sit---sit + t + ing = sitting

• LINE C) says verbs ending with two(2) vowell letter plus(+) one (1) consonant
letter{eat,read,book,bear,repeat,etc} or one consonant letter plus one vowel
letter{do,go,be,etc} we don’t lose or double, we only add the particular ing.

EX: eat = eating read = reading book = booking bear = bearing

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 repeat= repeating do = doing go = going be = being

LESSON (9) NINE

VOCABULARY (Vocabulário).

Care Cuidado Chat Conversa

Mat Esteira To Can Enlatar Hide Esconder

Fine Boa/Bom Cans Latas Seach Procurar

Since Desde Spell Soletrar Able Capaz

Culture Cultura Can Poder Trust Confiar

Chop Pedaço News Novidades Get Obter

VOCABULARY OF LESSON TEN(10) BOOK 1

Interview Entrevista Downstairs Para Baixo

Acuse Acusar Upstairs Lá Em Cima

Behaviour Comportamento Suit Fato

Intelegence Inteligencia Rock Pedra/Rocha

Stay Estadia/Ficar Carry Carregar

Below Em Baixo Rackete Raquete

Just Já Tennis Ténis

STRIPED listrado GRASS relva/ capim

CANVAS lona SPADS enxadas/pás

SHINING iluminando SHELLS amejoas

BRIGHTLY claramente DONKEY burro

SHUT/CLOSE fechar HOLD pegar/assegurar

OPEN abrir QUIETLY calmamente

SIT sentar SUMMER verão

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SEAT assento ENOUGH suficiente

DRIVE SEAT/LIFT boleia TRAY bandeja

PROTECTION proteção SWIM nadar

SHAD sombra BLOW soprar

DRESS vestido SING cantar

TO DRESS vestir BIG EATER comelão

WEAR usar OUTSIDE fora

UNDRESS tirar roupa/despir REJECT rejeitar/recusar

FOOLISH maluco LAZINESS preguiça

FREE livre THIN magrinho/fino(a)

GRAMMER OF LESSON TEN (10) BOOK 1

Adjective And Adverbs

Adjectives are group of the words which qualify the nouns.Ex: good,bad,blue black,etc.

Adverbs are group of words which express the time, place, manner, reason, purpose
condition, quantity,etc.

we can change some adjectives by adding sufix ly at the end of adjectve.

Ex: bad—badly bright—brightly quick—quickly etc.

NOT: the adjective GOOD change into adverb by changing the form in writing. (good—well).

Verb Into Nouns Personnals

we can change some verbs into nouns personnals by adding sufix er at the end of the verb.

Ex: speak—speaker teach—teacher drive—driver run—runner etc.

when we say the verb is in infinitive?

we say the verb is in infinitive when it is antecided by preposition to or when it doesn’t end
by s or es in simple presente tense for 3rd pernonnel singular.

Ex: to be to teach, to take, to have, to eat, to go etc.

he will have exame tomorrow, she can go to school next week, it must be done well.

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 VOCABULARY OF LESSON ELEVEN(11) BOOK 1

Slow Devagar A.M. Antes Do Merdiano

Fast Rápido Excellent Excelente

Instead Em Vez De Correct

Correcto

Point Apontar Incorrect Incorrecto

Move Muda/Mexer Pocket Bolso

Fire Fogo/Fogueira Parliament Parlamento

Midday Meio Dia Summer Verão

Midnight Meia Noite Spring Primavera

Noon Tarde Autum Outuno

Time Table Horário Winter Inverno

Holiday Dia De Descanso/ Ferias Happy Feliz

Full Cheio

Last Ultimo/Ultima

Middle Meio

Carefull Cuidado

Measure Medir

Long Comprido/Distante

Stand De Pé/Pôr De Pé/Colocar

Past Passado/Tempo Passado/História

To Para

Second Segundo

Wear Usar/Vestir

After Depois

Before Antes

And Then E Então

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Half Metade

Perhaps Talvez

After That Depois Disso

System Sistema

Add Acrescentar

Wait Esperar

Hope Esperar

Meet Encotro

Liy Mentir

P.M Derpois Do Merdiano

Glad/Pleasent Alegre/Contente

GRAMMER OF LESSON ELEVEN (11)

POSSESSIVE FORM

POSSESSIVE FOFM is a group of the nouns which possesse others. genaraly this form is
done by encreasing an apostrophe(‘) and (s) in noun possessor and follows noun possessed;
we do so when we are using the singular form of the nouns.

REGULAR PLURAL NOUNS- in regular plural nouns we encrease only (s) in noun possessor
and folow the noun possessed.

Ex: SINGULAR PLURAL

the boy’s football the boys’ football

the girl’s blouse the girls’ blouses

the king’s son the kings’ sons

In this way the sound pronunciation of possiessive form is the same in singular and plural.

IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS – in irregular plural nouns we encrease an apostrophe(‘) and

(s) in singular and pluaral in noun possessor.the sound pronunciation still the same.

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Ex: SINGULR PLURAL

the woman’s dress the women’s dressses

the child’s toy the children’s toys

the man’s suit the men’s suits

Remember that regular nouns are nouns which end in s in plural and irregular nouns are
nouns which don’t end in s in plural, only change the form in writing in plural.

THE INFINITIVE. we say the verb is in infintive when it is not conjugated,or when it
doesn’t end in s or es in 3rd person singular in simple present tense.

Ex: to be, to come, to do, to say to speak, etc. infinitive not conjugated.

he can be a good etudent, she will do her execise, etc. infinitive for 3rd person
singular in a sentence.

The sentence is formed by three(3) parts,which are: subject{nouns or personal

pronouns},verb and object form.

Ex: mary speak english he goes to school the dog eat meat you go home

VOCABULARY OF LESSON THIRTEEN (13)

Read Ler Ugly Feio(A)

Old Velho(A) Inkpot Frasco De Tinta

Handsome Lindo Wallet Carteira/Bolsa

Rather Bastante Fire Place Fogueira/Lume

Dark Bromn Castanho Escuro Goodness Bondade

Well Dressed Bem Vestido Redness Vermelhão

Quietness Tranquilidade/Sossego Beside Perto De/Junto A

Wear Vestir Taste Gosto

Suit Fato Pleasent Agradavel

Pleasently Agradavelmente Stick Bingala/Pau

Strength Força Pretty Bonito(A)

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Weakness Fraco Beauty Beleza

Armchair Sofá Beautful Lindo(A)Belo(A)

Desk Carteira Each Cada

Shelves Partileiras Charecter Personagem

Such Tal Burn Arder/Queimar

Floor Chão Wall Parede

Tray Bandeja More Muito(A)(Os)(As)

Typwriter Máquina De Escrever Weather Temperatura

Corner Canto Thick Grosso/Pesado

Thin Fino(A)/Magrinho(A) Slim Magrinho(A

Often Geralmente Foreigner Estrangeiro(A)

Coof Pot Cafiteira Wanderful Maravilhoso

Pipe Cachimbo/Tubo DreamSonho

Tobacco Tabaco Duty Dever/Obrigação

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 GRAMMER OF LESSON THIRTEEN (13)

NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

we can change some nouns into adjectives and same adjectives into nouns.

To change some nouns into adjectives we encrease sufix full at the end of the noun.

Ex: NOUNS ADJECTIVE

BEAUTY beautfull

USE usefull

WONDER wonderfull

To change some adjectives into nouns we encrease sufix ness at the end of the adjective.

Ex: ADJECTIVES NOUNS

WEAK weakness

GOOD goodness

SMALL smallness

PRETTY prettiness

There are some adjectives which don’t change into nouns by encreasing sufix, they change the
form in writing.

Ex: ADJECTIVES NOUNS

STRONG strength

LONG length

DIFFICULT difficulty

COMPOUND NOUNS

In compound nouns the first noun is like an adjective, an the second is like principal noun.

Ex; fire—place school—bag street--- boy cow---boy street—girl

sleeping---room sewing---machine waiting---room dinning---room

writing--- pen siting---room

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 GRAMMER OF LESSON FOURTEEN (14)

SPECIAL OR INDENPENDENTE VERBS IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

SPECIAL OR INDENPENDENTE VERBS are verbs which are able to change affirmative
sentence into interrogative or negative sentence by themselves, without auxiliar verb to DO to
help.

➢ To change affirmative sentence with special verb into interrogative sentence

we do like this:
• 1st we put the special/ indenpendent verb.
• 2nd we put the subject.
• 3rd we put the object form.

Ex: aff. sentence int. sentemce

I am a studente Am i a student?

He has two books Has he two books?

You can swim very well Can you swim very well?

Bernardo has a book Has Bernardo a book?

➢ To canchenge affirmative sentence with special/indenpendemt verb into

negative sentence we do like this.
• 1st we put the subject.
• 2nd we put the special/independent verb ending with not or n’t.
• 3rd we put the object form.

Ex: Aff. sentence Neg. sentence

I am a student I am not a student

He has twoo books He has not (hasn’t) twoo books

you can swim very well You can not ( cann’t) swim very well

Bernardo has a book Bernardo has not(hasn’t) a book

ORDINARY VERBS

Ordinary verbs are verbs which are not able to change affirmative sentence into intrrogative
or negatve sentence by themselves, they need auxiliar verb to DO to help.

➢ To change affirmative sentence with ordinary verb into interrogative sentence

we do like this:
• 1st we put the auxiliar verb to DO (do/does) in acording of the subject.

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 • 2nd we put the subject( NOUNS OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS).
• 3rd we put the ordinary verb in infinitive.
• 4th we put the object form

Ex: Aff. sentence Int. sentence

Marta speaks well portuguese Does Marta speak well portuguese?

We come to school every day Do we come to school every day?

➢ To change affirmative sentence with ordinary verb into negative sentence we

do like this:
• 1st we put subject ( NOUNS OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS)
• 2ND WE PUT THE AUXILIAR VERB TO DO (do/does) in acording of the subject
ending with not or n’t.
• 3rd we put the ordinary verb in infinitive.
• 4th we put the object form.

Ex: Aff. sentence Neg. sentence

Emidio comes from England Emidio does not(doesn’t come from England

He speaks englissh very well He does not(doesn’t) speak englis very well

They come to school every days They do not(don’t) come to school every days

Note that verb to DO in affirmative sentence means to MAK; so change the sentence into
interrogative or negative sentence with auxiliar verb to DO(do/does), to interrogative, ( do
not/ does not) ton negative.

Ex: Aff. sentence Int, sentence

Nadia does her work very well Does Nadia do her work very well?

Neg. sentence

Nadia does not(doesn’t) do her work very well

NOTE THE TWO USES OF THE WORD TOO

• The word TOO at the end of a sentnce is lkike a preposition.
Ex: Vilanculos come to class every day, Berta too.
• The word TOO when is in the middle of the sentence is like an adverb of quantety.

Ex: that work is TOO much difficulty for a young boy.

Note that a word can be a noun, adjective, adverb, verb or preposition depending of
the sense of that word in a sentence; or generally can be a noun when is antecided by
articles ( the,a/an).

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 VOCABULARY OF LESSON FIFTENN(15) BOOK 1

Discustion discução Thoughtful pensativo

Yet ainda Gentle gentil

Measuerment mediur Proud orgulho

Wolk andar Rather bastante

Beginess grandesa Ever sempre

Boldly corpulanto Boil ferver

Describe descrever Manage manejar

Early cedo Full cheio

Wise esperto Boxer boxeiro

Belive acreditar Lovely amavelmente

characters carecteristicas Kind tipo/especie

Greatness inportancia Fond gosto

Great inportante Sewing cosendo

Fat gordo(a) Clear limpar/claro

Thin magrinho(a) Ev en mesmo

Pretty bonito/belo Get up levantar se

Never nunca Vegetable vegetais

Nearly aproximadamente Fun diverção/graça

Always sempre Stand de pé

Late atrazado Keep up manter/continuar

Still ainda Invatation convinte

Joy satisfação World mundo

Gay alegre Acxtvities atividades

Manly corajoso Alread tudo pronto

Bay baia Ready pronto

Wash lavar Unpratical não pratico

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Supper ceia Whole
todo/conjunto/inteiro/total/

Listen escutar Yard quintal

Theatre teatro Gift

presente/dom

More mais Dinay desmentir

Customes clientes Ant formiga

GRAMMER OF LESSON SIXTEEN (16) BOOK 1

SUBJECT , VERB and OBJECT FORM

Subject is a group of the words which express the names of persons animals and things; it can
came in nouns or personal pronouns.

Verb is a group of the words which express the action done by subject.

OBJECT FORM is a group of the words which complet a sentence, it can come in names of
person animals or things, or object pronuons( me you him her it us and them).

These are the three(3) parts which form the sentence.

The students do the exame. he is a man

Note that there are two(2) objects:

1ST OBJECT is a group of the words which express something that can be seen or touched

Ex: table, cat, airplane, person, lamp, wall, etc

2ND OBJECT is a group of the words which complete a sentence

Ex: we are students they come to class evey days

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 GRAMMER OF LESSON EIGHTEEN (18) BOOK 1

FUTURE TENSE

FUTURE TENSE is a tense which express an action that is going to happen.

HOW TO MAKE A SENTENCE INTO FUTURE TENSE?

A)_THE SENTENCE CAN BE INTO FUTURE TENSE when it ends in words : tomorrow,
next day, next week, next month, next year.etc. Ex:i’m going to homoine next week.

B)_THE SENTENCE CAN BE IN FUTURE TENSE when it has words will and shall, words
tha express the future. the word shall we use for 1st personal pronoun in singular and plural.

The word will we use for 2nd and 3rd personal pronoun in singular and plural.

HOW TO CANGE A SENTENCE INTO FUTURE TENSE USING THE WORD SALL?

To change a sentence into future tense using the word shall we do like this:

➢ 1st: we put the subject I or WE.

➢ 2ND: we put the word SHALL.
➢ 3RD: we put whichever verb in infinitive,(not conjugated).
➢ 4th: we put the object form.

Ex: S.P.T.—I HAVE A MEATING -------------------------------F.T.--I SHALL HAVE A

MEATING.

S.P.T.—WE TAKE THE BOOKS -----------------------------F.T—WE SALL TAKE THE

BOOKS.

HOW TO CHANGE A SENTENCE INTO FUTURE TENSE USING THE WORD WILL?

To change a sentence into future tense using the word will we do like this:

➢ 1st:we put the subject; you, he, she, it and tey.

➢ 2nd:we put the word will.
➢ 3rd: we put whichever verb in ifinitive ( not conjugated).
➢ 4th we put the object form.

Ex: S.P.T. YOU SPEAK ENGLISH WELL----------------------------------F.T.YOU WILL

SPEAK ENGLISH WELL

S.P.T. SHE GIVES THE ANSWER-------------------------------------F.T. SDHE WILL

GIVE THE ANSWER.

HOW TO CHANGE A SENTENCE IN FUTURE TENSE INTO INTERROGATIVE

SENTENCE?

To change a setence in future tense into interrogative sentence we do like this:

33
 • 1st we put the word shall or will in accordence of the subject.
• 2nd we put the subject( personal pronouns or nouns).
• 3rd weput which ever verb in infinitive ( not conjugated).
• 4th we put the object form.

Ex:AFF. SENTENCE.-he will speak english well

INT. SENTENCE.- will he speak english well?

HOW TO CHANGE A SENTENCE IN FUTURE TENSE INTO NEGATIVE

SENTENCE?

To change a sentemce in future tense into negative sentemce we do like this:

• 1st we put the subject( personal pronoun or noun).

• 2nd we put the word shall or will in accordence of the subject,ending with the word
NOT or N’T.
• 3rd we put whichever verb in infinitive ( not conjugated).
• 4th we put the object form.

Ex:AFF. SENTENCE; i shall give you the answer

NEG. SENTENCE: i shall not give you the answer.

AFF. SENTENCE: he will speak english well.

NEG. SENTENCE: he will not speak english well.

GRAMMER OF LESSON NINETEEN (19) BOOK 1

THE WORD SOME AND ANY

1) WE USE THE WORD SOME FOR AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE.

2) WE USE THE WORD ANY FOR INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE
SENTENCE.

Ex: AFF. SENTENCE. we have some books

INT. SENTENCE. have we any books?

NEG. SENTENCE. we haven’t any books.

NOTE ABOUT THE PREFIX AND THE SUFIX

In the main word we can add (join) another word before it that we call prefix.

Ex: uncertain, unpleasant, impolite, impossible, deslike, etc.

In the main word we can add(join) another word after it that we call suffix Ex:correctly,
monthly, beautiful, beautifully, beautifulness.etc.

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 GRAMMER OF LESSON TWENTY (20) BOOK 1

Comparision Of Adjectives One (1)

1. In comparision of adjectives one(1) we add er after the adjective(comparative) est for

superlative.

a) Adjectives with one or two syllable; ending with two(2) consonant letters we add er:

Ex: old + er = older,( comparative)---------old + est = oldest,(superlative).

tall + er = taller,( comparative)--------------- tall +est = talles

b) Adjectives with one or two syllable; ending with one vowell letter plus( +) one
consonant letter, we double the consonant letter before adding er for comparative or
est for superlativ

Ex: thin + n + er = thinner,( comparative)--------------thin +n + est =

thinnest(supperlative

run +n +er = runner,(comparative)--------------------run + n + est = nunnest(

superlative)

c) Adjectives with one or two syllable ending with y,we change y by i before add er or
est.

Ex: marry =marr +i + er = marrier--------------------------marry= marr + i +est =

marriest

happy = happ + i + er = happier---------------------------happy = happ + i + est =

happiest.

GRAMMER OF LESSON TWENTY ONE (21) BOOK 1

REGLAR VERBS AND IRREGLAR VERBS IN PAST TENSE

REGULAR VERB IN PAST TENSE ARE VERBS WHICH END IN ED FOR PAST
TENSE AND PAST PARTICIPLE TENSE. Ex:

posetive past tense past participle tense

to live lived lived

to ask asked asked

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IRREGULAR VERBS IN PAST TENSE ARE VERBS WHICH DON’T END IN ED FOR
PAST TENSE OR PAST PARTICIPLE TENSE, THEY CHANGE THE FORM IN
WRITING OLSO IN PRONUNCIATION. THEY CAN END IN D. Ex:

positive past tense past participle tense

to go went gone

to take took taken

to say said said

GRAMMER OF LESSON TWENTY TWO (22) BOOK 1

THE USE OF THE WORDS TOO MANY,TOO MUCH, A FEW AND A LITTLE

✓ WHEN WE USE TOO MANY?

We use too many for plural countable nons.Ex:too many books, too many persons, etc

✓ WHEN WE USE TOO MUCH?

We use too much for singular uncountable nons.Ex: too much noise too much sugar, etc.

✓ WHEN WE USE A FEW?

We use a few for plural countable nons.Ex: a few chairs, a few minuts, a few books, etc.

✓ WHEN WE USE A LITTLE?

We use a little for singular uncountable nouns.Ex:a little butter, a little water, a little tea,etc

COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES TWO (2)

IN COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVE TWO (2) THERE ARE MORE THAN TWO(2)

SILLABLE.

We can make comparision of adjectives with more than two syllable by setting more for
comparative and most for superlative.Ex:

posetive comparative superlative

expensive more expensive most expensive

beautiful more beatiful most beatiful

wonderful more wonderful most wonderful

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 IRREGLAR ADJECTIVES

POSETIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

GOOD BETTER BEST

BAD WORSE WORST

MCH MORE MOST

MANY MORE MOST

A LITTIE LESS LEAST

A FEW FEWER FEWEST

GRAMMER OF LESSON TWENTY FOUR (24)

ORDINARY VERBS IN PAST TENSE

ORDINARY VERBS are verbs which are not able to change affirmative sentence into
interrogative or negative sentence by themselves, they need auxiliary verb to do to help

How To Change Affirmative Sentence With Ordinary Verb In Past Tense Into
Interrogative Sentence?

To change affirmative sentense with ordinary verb in past tense into interrogative sentence we
do like this:

➢ 1st. we put verb to do in past tense (did).

➢ 2nd. we put the subjet ( noun or personal pronoun).
➢ 3rd. we put ordinary verb in infinitive.
➢ 4th. we put the object form.

Ex: aff. sentence: Hob said a tue story

int.sentence: Did Hob say a true story?

aff. sentence: Pedro did the exame.

int. sentence: Did Pedro do the exame?

How To Change Affirmative Sentence With Ordinary Verb In Past Tense Into Negative
Sentence?

To change affirmative sentence with ordinary verb in past tense into negative sentence we do
like this:

37
 ➢ 1st. we put the subject ( noun or personal pronoun)
➢ 2nd. we put auxiliary verb to do in past tense (did) ending with particular not or n’t.
➢ 3rd. we put ordinary verb in infinitive.
➢ 4th. we put the object form.

Ex: aff. sentence: They studied english in Emidio English School

neg. sentence: They did not (didn’t) study English in Emidio English School.

aff. sentence: she got a new exercise book.

neg. sentence: she did not (didn’t) get a new exercise

aff. sentence: they did the exame.

int. sentence: they did not (didn’t) do the exame.

GRAMMER OF LESSON TWENTY SIX (26)

THE SENSE OF THE WORDS IN A SENTENCE

A WORD CAN BE; noun, verb, adjective, preposition, adverb,etc. depending the sense
of that word in midlle of the sentence.

Ex: dress as a verb: mr.Priestley dresses very well.

dress as a noun: mrs. Priestley has special dress for cermonies.

adress as a verb: please adress me to Maputo city.

adress as a noun: the adress that you gave me was right.

suit as a verb: the blousa suits her very well.

suit as a noun: I bought my new suit at Mr. Price’s.

last as as a verb:Mr. Emidio was angry yesterday,but it didn’t last very long.

last as a verb:the lesson in Emidio English School lasts one hour.

last as an adjective: the last student to come in is Hob.

he come late on our last lesson.

the last month of lesson in Emidio English School is november.

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 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE is a tense which express a action that began in the past and
still giving continuation in the present.This tense is formed by:

➢ 1st. subject ( noun or personal pronoun).

➢ 2nd. verb to have; conjugated in S.P.T. in a coordence of the subject.
➢ 3rd. main vebrb in past participle tense.
➢ 4th. object form.

Ex: I have driven may car to zimpeto.

Hob has given many mistakes in his exercise.

• we use present perfect tense when we are interested in the present result of the
actoin,not its time in the past. Or when we are talking about a time from the past till at
the present.Or when we are speaking about the time that is not finished yet.

Ex: we have studied English in Emidio School. she has been my best
student.

_The End_

“The Best Way of Learning English, is by speaking It” _Mr. Priestley

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