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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
4. Tente inferir, comparando aos outros textos, o significado de “referen znummer” no texto nº 3.
8. Relacione as palavras transparentes (parecidas com a língua portuguesa). Disti nga quais são cognatas e falso -cognatas.
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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Mesmo que você tenha pouco conhecimento da Língua Inglesa, saiba que há facilitadores, pois existem
muitas palavras que invadiram nosso cotidiano. Veja 60 palavr as que usamos no dia-a-dia as quais você tem
alguma noção do uso destas:
Tradução de um
Texto requer:
10% Técnica de
20% palavras 60% palavras de Tradução
cognatas origem da língua
10% de Prática
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
Traduzir não é apenas transcrever uma palavra de uma língua para outra.
Assim, é desaconselhável olhar todas as palavras no dicionário.
Procure entender o sentido geral de um texto.
Techniques
Predicting
Skimming
Skanning
Intensive
reading
Extensive
Predicting: predizer o conteúdo de um texto a partir das ilustraç ões, gráficos, títulos...
Reading
Skimming: uma rápida leitura para ter uma ideia geral do texto.
Skanning: rápida leitura para extrair informações específicas de um texto.
Intensive reading: leitura para adiquirir cultura geral. Ampliar o conhecimento .
STRATEGIES
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Como aprender a escrever 400 palavras e m Inglês em apenas um minuto
Como aprender a escrever 400 palavras em Inglês em apenas um minuto. Se você pensa que estou brincando,
experimente ler toda esta matéria e depois me conte . Comece logo a estudar Inglês que, diferentemente do que você
pensa, é extremamente fácil de aprender. Bastando apenas seguir as regrinhas elementares. Mas, antes de tudo, quero
explicar que as regras abaixo apresentam uma ou mais exceções, o que demonstra duas coisas:
primeiro que tais exceções só servem precisamente para confirmar as regras segundo que é bem preferível, errar numa
ou outra ocasião e aprender 400! palavras em inglês num minuto, do que ficar preocupado com a rara exceção... e não
aprender nada.
REGRA 1
Para todas as palavras em português que terminam em DADE (como a palavra cidade) retire o DADE e coloque em seu
lugar TY e assim CIDADE passou a ser CITY.
Vejamos agora um pouco das cento e tantas palavras que você
aprendeu nestes primeiros vinte segundos de leitura deste artigo:
CIDADE = CITY
VELOCIDADE = VELOCITY
SIMPLICIDADE = SIMPLICITY
NATURALIDADE = NATURALITY
CAPACIDADE = CAPACITY
REGRA 2
Para todas as palavras em português que terminem em ÇÃO (como a palavra NAÇÃO) tire fora o ÇÃO e coloque em seu
lugar TION e assim a palavra NAÇÃO passou a ser NATION.
Vejamos agora algumas das cen tenas de palavras em que a imensa maioria
delas se aplica e essa regra:
SIMPLIFICAÇÃO = SIMPLIFICATION
NAÇÃO = NATION
OBSERVAÇÃO = OBSERVATION
NATURALIZAÇÃO = NATURALIZATION
SENSAÇÃO = SENSATION
REGRA 3
Para os advérbios terminados em MENTE (como a palavra NATURALMENTE), tire o MENTE e em seu lugar coloque LLY ( e
assim a palavra passou a ser NATURALLY.
Quando o radical em português termina em L, como a palavra TOTALMENTE, acrescente apenas LY.
Veja agora abaixo alumas delas:
NATURALMENTE = NATU RALLY
GENETICAMENTE = GENETICALLY
ORALMENTE = ORALLY
REGRA 4
Para as palavras terminadas em ÊNCIA (como no caso de ESSÊNCIA), tire o ÊNCIA e em seu lugar coloque ENCE.
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
REGRA 5
E para terminar esta dica, ficando ainda mais com água na boca, aprenda a última e a mais fácil delas.
Para as palavras terminadas e m AL (como a palavra GENERAL) não mude nada, escreva exatamente como está em
português e ela sai a mesma coisa em inglês.
Veja alguns exemplos:
NATURAL = NATURAL TOTAL = TOTAL
GENERAL = GENERAL FATAL = FATAL
SENSUAL = SENSUAL
Local Local
Material Material
Minute Minuto
Mission Missão
Music Música
Offensive Ofensivo
Operation Operação
Persistent Persistente
Positive Positivo
Potential Potencial
Radio Rádio
Regular Regular
Reaction Reação
Television Televisão
Video Vídeo
EXERCÍCIOS
Complete o quadro com os falso -cognatos
Actually Ingenuity (n)
Appointment (n) Injury (n)
Application Intoxication (n)
Argument (n) Large (adj)
Assist (v) Lecture (n)
Assume (v) Legend (n)
Attend (v) Library
Casualty (n) Location
Century Lunch
College Mayor (n)
Competition (n) Medicine (n)
Comprehensive (adj) Notice (v)
Compromise - (v) Parents
Content Particular (adj)
Cops Policy (n)
Costume Prejudice (n)
Convenient (adj) Pretend
Data (n) Pull (v)
Defendant (n) Push
Design (v, n) Realize (v)
Eventually Relatives
Exquisite (adj.) Retired (adj)
Fabric Sale
Fill Service (n)
Genial (adj) Soda
Graduate program (n) Support
Home Tax
Income tax return (n) Vegetable
1 Rock ( ) Renovável
2 Thick ( ) Ouro negro
3 Dark ( ) Preso, presa
4 Greenish ( ) Níveis
5 Earth’s Crust ( ) Aquecimento
6 Large ( ) Rocha
7 Vary ( ) Escuro, escura
8 Sources ( ) Série dos alcanos
9 Raw Material ( ) Crosta terrestre
10 Fuel ( ) Para cima, ascendente
11 Shortened ( ) Combustível
12 Renewable ( ) Perfuração
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
13 Resource ( ) Matéria
14 Depletion ( ) Antigo, remoto
15 Black gold ( ) Lama
16 Heating ( ) Camadas
17 Ancient ( ) Fontes
18 Matter ( ) Encurtado, abreviado
19 Mud ( ) Bombeamento
20 Layers ( ) Grosso, grossa
21 Levels ( ) Esverdeado
22 Upwards ( ) Variar
23 Trapped ( ) Recursos
24 Drilling ( ) Abundante
25 Pumping ( ) Matéria-prima
26 Alkane series ( ) Esgotamento, depleção
Nominal Groups
SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE FUTURE
SIMPLE PAST
SIMPLE PRESENT
ESTRUTURA DAS SENTENÇAS AFIRMATIVAS
A forma básica da sentença no Simple Present é o verbo no infinitivo, mas sem a partícu la to. Essa é a forma para todas as
pessoas, exceto para a 3ª pessoa do singular (he/she/it), nessa forma costuma -se acrescentar –s no verbo. Observe:
Casos especiais
* O 1º caso especial é o verbo TO BE (ser, estar)
Ele já tem a 3ª pessoa especificado.
* O 2º caso especial é o ver bo TO HAVE (ter)
Na 3ª pessoa ele perde as duas últimas letras e acrescenta -se S.
TO BE TO HAVE
I am. I
have.
You are. You
He He
She is. She has.
It It
We We
You are. You have.
They They
* O 3º caso especial são os verbos terminados em o, ss, ch, sh, x, em que se acrescenta ES:
O go (ir) → he/she/it goes
SS kiss (beijar) → he/she/it kisses
CH teach (ensinar) → he/she/it teaches
SH wash (lavar) → he/she/it washes
X fix (consertar) → he/she/it fixes
Na 3ª pessoa do singular (he/she/it), usa -se o verbo auxiliar does + not ou doesn’t em vez de do+ not ou don’t. Note que o verbo
seguinte fica na forma básica sem o to e sem o S, exemplo:
1- She does not speak Portuguese, just Chinese. (Ela não fala português, somente chinês.)
2- Paulo doesn’t eat chocolate. (Paulo não come chocolate.)
Observação: Os verbos auxiliares do e does não tem tradução. Mas quando acompanhado do not, pode-se traduzir por não
simplesmente.
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
SIMPLE FUTURE
Para expressar ideia de futuro, podemos recorrer ao marcador de futuro going to ou ao will. Nesse artigo, estudaremos o will, seus
respectivos casos e a sua forma interrogativa, utilizada quando queremos fazer inda gações, pedidos.
ESTRUTURA AFIRMATIVA
A forma will não é variável, ou seja, ela é da mesma forma para todos os pronomes, todas as pessoas. Observe:
PRONOME WILL COMPLEMENTO
I (eu)
You (você)
He (ele)
She (ela)
will study for the test with you. (estudar para o teste com você.)
It (ele, ela)
We (nós)
You (vocês)
They (eles, elas)
E observe que a estrutura para se formar uma frase é: pronome + will + verbo na forma básica (sem a partícula to). Vamos ver algumas
frases:
ESTRUTURA INTERROGATIVA
Para transformar a estrutura em interrogativa, basta iniciar a sentença com o will e continuar a frase. É como se trocasse o will e
o sujeito de lugar. Observe:
WILL PRONOME COMPLEMENTO
I (eu)
you (você)
he (ele)
she (ela)
Will go home now? (ir para casa agora?)
it (ele, ela)
we (nós)
you (vocês)
they (eles, elas)
ESTRUTURA NEGATIVA
Para colocar esse tempo na forma negativa, basta acrescentar o NOT. Assim, ficará will not, ou a forma abreviada, mais utilizadas
em situações informais – como em conversações com amigos, familiares – ficando então won’t. Observe:
PRONOME WILL COMPLEMENTO
I (eu) will not study now. (estudar agora.)
You (você) ou
He (ele) won’t
She (ela)
It (ele, ela)
We (nós)
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
You (vocês)
They (eles, elas)
SIMPLE PAST
Casos especiais
*1º caso especial: verbos terminados em Y. Eles têm 2 possibilidades:
Y precedido de VOGAL: acrescenta -se -ED
Play (jogar) played
Y precedido de CONSOANTE: retira -se o –Y acrescenta-se -ED
Try (jogar) tried
*O 2º caso é o dos verbos terminados em -E, neles nós simplesmente acrescentamos o -D: love – loved
*O 3º caso especial é o dos verbos terminados em consoante+vogal+consoante , cuja sílaba tônica é a última, dobra a
consoante antes de acrescentar o -ed: Occur: occurred
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
A DAY AT WORK
In the morning I attended a meeting between management and union representatives. The discussion was
very comprehensive, covering topics like working hours, days off, retirement age, etc. Both sides were
interested in an agreement and read y to compromise. The secretary recorded everything in the notes.
Eventually, they decided to set a new meeting to sign the final draft of the agreement.
Back at the office, a colleague of mine asked me if I had realized that the proposed agreement would be
partially against the company policy not to accept workers that have already retired. I pretended to be
really busy and late for an appointment, and left for the cafeteria. Actually, I didn't want to discuss the
matter at that particular moment because there were some strangers in the office.
After lunch I attended a lecture given by the mayor, who is an expert in tax legislation and has a graduate
degree in political science. He said his government intends to assist welfare programs and senior citizens,
raise funds to improve college education and build a public library, and establish tougher limits on vehicle
emissions because he assumes this is what the people expect from the government.
2- Sabemos que na língua inglesa encontramos palavras semelhantes a vocábulos da língua portuguesa, pois apresentam
proximidade na grafia e no sentido. Estas palavras recebem o nome de palavras cognatas.Analisando a oração “Ken and
his family live close to my house.” , é possível afirmar que a palavra cognata está corretamente indicada na alternativa:
a) house
b) live
c) family
d) his
e) close
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
4- Qual destas palavras é o falso cognato que dá o sentido de parentes ( pessoas da família)?
a) Family
b) Relatives
c) Century
d) Important
e) Composition
The oil and natural gas we use today are the remains of microscopic animals and plants -zooplankton and
phytoplankton-that floated on the surface of lakes and seas millions of years ago. The plankton died and
drifted downward, mixing with sediment s of mud and silt.
Petroleum is a mixture of organic compounds containing just two elements: carbon
and hydrogen.CH4 or methane, the main ingredient of natural gas, has one carbon
atom and four hydrogen atoms in each molecule.
FORMATION – Most gelogists view crude oil, like coal and natural gas, as the product of compression
and heating of ancient organic materials over geological time scales. According to this theory, it is
formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric small marine animals and algae. Over millennia this
organic matter, mixed with mud is buried under thick sedimentary layers of material. The resulting high
levels of heat and pressure cause the remains to metamorphose, first into a waxy material Known as
Kerogen, and then into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. Because
hydrocarbons are less dense than the surrounding rock, these migrate upward through adjacent rock layer
until they become trapped beneath impermeable rocks, within porous rocks called reservoirs.
Concentration of hydrocarbons in a trap forms an oil field, from which the liquid can be extracted by
drilling and pumping.
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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Soldagem (welding) –
Soldagem a arco (arc welding) –
Soldagem automática (automatic welding) –
Soldagem manual (manual welding) –
Solgagem semi-automática (semiautomatic arc welding) –
Sopro magnético (arc blow) –
Técnica de Soldagem (welding technique) –
Temperatura de interpasse (interpass temperature) –
Tensão do arco (arc voltage) –
Vareta de solda (welding rod) –
Zona termicamente afetada – ZTA (heat-affected zone) –
Zona de fusão (fusion zone) –
EXERCÍCIOS
1 - Put into english
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"A distribuição elementar do petróleo bruto de todos os depósitos estudados não coincide com o de qualquer rocha
conhecida da crosta terrestre." - Kirill S. Ivanov, geólogo / geoquímico, Novembro de 2007
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"A indústria nunca vai ficar sem petróleo, não em 10 mil a nos. Algum dia, ele pode ficar sem clientes. Cada setor
mineral é um eterno cabo-de-guerra, entre retornos decrescentes e aumento do conhecimento." - A. Morris Adelman,
economista, 1997
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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]A comparative study on three different construction methods of stiffened plates –strength behaviour and
ductility characteristics (Khosrow Ghavami)
Abstract: Strength and ductility characteristics of non –continuously welded stiffened plates under in plane axial
compression are the main focus of this research. A series of detailed nu merical analyses of stiffened steel plates
subjected to in plane compressive load is performed. Complete equilibrium paths are traced up to collapse for non –linear
elastoplastic response of stiffened plates. Stiffened plates are selected from the deck stru cture of real sea–going ships
and inland waterway vessels. Three different stiffener –to–plate welding procedures are considered: continuous, chain
intermittent and staggered intermittent fillet welding. Special attention is paid to the finite element model ing of the fillet
welds in either of welding practices. Some available tests are simulated applying finite element method.
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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Effect of in service weld repair on the performance of CrMo steel steam pipelines (Alejandro López Ibarra )
Resumo: This article presents a literature overview and discusses a practical case involving the effect of in service weld
repair on the performance – behavior under creep conditions and remanent life – of low alloy CrMo steel steam pipelines
with longstanding use. According to the specialized literature, sever al authors argue that the in service weld repair of low
alloy CrMo steel steam pipes can be done successfully, while others disagree, reporting a reduction of up to 30% or more
in the remanent life. According to the case analyzed here, which involves the w eld repair of a 1¼Cr½Mo ferrite -pearlite
steel steam pipe operating for 20 years at 480 °C, in service weld repair leads to the intragranular precipitation of
Fe2MoC-type carbides and decreases the solute concentration of the ferrite in the base metal adja cent to the welded
joint, thereby considerably reducing the pipeline's remanent life, since the estimated rupture time for the service -aged
material is 3.6 times that estimated for the weld -repaired joint.
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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Rendering Plants Require Safety
Category : Incidents
Summary: The following article is a part of the National Board Technical Series. This article was originally published in
the January 1987 National Board BULLETIN. (3 printed pages)
In the fall of 1986, the N ational Board received a request from a member jurisdiction for assistance in the investigation of
the catastrophic failure of a jacketed steam -cooker vessel located in an animal rendering plant. The National Board was
advised that although the failure was contained within the vessel, one life was lost. A member of the National Board staff
was immediately dispatched to assist the Chief Inspector in this investigation. It was learned that prior to the accident,
the vessel had been removed from steam service in an effort to find a suspected leak. The vessel was cooled down and
pressurized with a reported 125 psi of air. Subsequently, one of the plant's maintenance personnel entered the inner
vessel through the lower entryway and proceeded to inspect for leaks. One leak was apparently located near an upper
dome as the maintenance person progressed to that portion of the vessel. While preparing this dome area for repair
welding, a helper stationed outside of the vessel reported that a violent explosion occurred, which almost caused him to
lose his balance on the catwalk. The helper ran for assistance in an attempt to rescue the person inside the inner vessel.
However, the explosion was fatal because of massive damage to the person's chest when thrown against the u pper dome
region of the vessel.
Various information was obtained by both the jurisdiction and the National Board through interviews and outside
inspections, which resulted in the following determinations:
Jacketed cookers in the plant had been operating at approximately 90 psi steam.
The vessels were not individually protected with safety valves.
The vessel that failed was originally fabricated in 1958 and appeared to have several areas previously repaired
by welding. Although this member jurisdiction r equired by law that all repair welding was to be carried out by
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
holders of a National Board "R" Certificate of Authorization, there was no apparent evidence that this
requirement had been met.
At some point in time, the inner head -to-shell weld had been repaired by a lap-seam patch, which appeared to
be the initial point of failure. Apparently no one in the plant knew by whom or when this repair had been made.
The 125 psi air pressure reportedly applied to the jacket was apparently in excess of the maximu m allowable
pressure to be applied to this vessel, if the vessel was in a new and non -corroded condition.
The vessel's inner shell had eroded from .75 in. wall thickness to approximately .25 in. wall thickness without a
corresponding reduction of allowabl e working pressure.
After evaluating the circumstances and observations, the jurisdiction required the plant to be closed until the overall
safety of the plant and its personnel could be assured.
In the meantime, preliminary calculations prepared by the National Board representative indicated that perhaps problems
equally as great might exist with the other cooker vessels in the plant. The National Board responded immediately and
suggested the jurisdiction require ultrasonic thickness readings be taken on the inner shells of the remaining cookers
before placing these vessels back into service. The jurisdiction complied and subsequent examinations indicated that
based on the actual thickness readings obtained, none of the vessels were acceptable for the 90 psi at which they were
operating. Furthermore, three vessels did not calculate to a positive pressure. As a result, the National Board was later
advised that all cooker vessels in the plant would be taken out of service and replaced with acceptable equipme nt.
The jurisdiction contacted another rendering plant within the state and requested that thickness measurements be taken.
Based on the results of that examination, it was found necessary to remove seven jacketed vessels from service. The
jurisdiction is now expanding this program in an attempt to determine the full depth of the problem.
The reaction resulting from the rendering process does cause the erosion of metal from the inner shell. In addition, the
type of product being rendered has a definite ef fect on the rate of speed at which the metal is eroded. This wear must be
tracked. Ultrasonic measurements may be taken or holes may be drilled to obtain actual thickness to assist in
determining new allowable working pressures and the rate of erosion. Wit h the knowledge of probable erosion rates, a
significant inspection program can be structured. However, if inspectors provide inadequate or visual external -type
inspection only, the rate of erosion patterns cannot be set. When erosion rates are not determi ned, the safety of the
vessel is undetermined and plant personnel may be in serious jeopardy.
Jurisdictional inspectors and insurance inspectors must realize the critical need for a thorough inspection of this type of
equipment. Inspectors are charged wit h carrying out responsibilities and duties to the best of their individual abilities,
regardless of whether or not the surroundings are comfortable. Accidents don't pick the best locations or circumstances in
which to occur; they generally happen where two or more problems exist. Don't let inadequate inspection be one of those
problems.
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CURSO TÉCNICO EM SOLDAGEM
IT – Inglês Técnico
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
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IT – Inglês Técnico
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CENTRO INTEGRADO DE TECNOLOGIA DA SOLDAGEM
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