la L dj.

k - 2 0 2 3
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Hkks t u ds f d. o u esa iz ;ks x f d ;s tk us ok ys iz eq [k lw{ e th o

f df. o r Hkks t u ns ”k i nkFkZ c uk s; tk sr m i ;ks x aes vk us ok sy lw{ e th o
yk y pk o y ph u pk o y eks us L d l izksI ;w j l
xjh nf{k.k d lk ok dks jh u Sc D Vhfj ; e eS uh g V
v Qzh dk
;ks x g VZ fOk” o aes nw/k , Vh] Fk sj eksf Qf y l
ph t f o” o aes nw/k isf uf lf y ; e jkWf D Qksf V ih - ds e e c VhZ
pk o y ok b u tk ik u pk o y , -vkW js tk b
N att o tk ik u S y o bi n e ckf d y l uk Vks
K efir Us er nw/k ys D Vks ckf df y l , l ih vkS j ;hL V
Ta pe k et a n, b. Mks usf”k ;k pk o y , ek ; yks ek ; ds l jks mf D l b. Mks ek ; dksf if l l
T a p e K at c h ll a C ;w j Vksf u d

dq N vU ; lw{ e th oksa dh wl ph] f t u dk iz ;ks x Hkks t u sd f d. o u esa f d ;k tk rk gS A

Mi c r o o r g a nis m T y p e of Mi c r o o r g a nis m F o o d or B a ver a ge

A c et o b a ct or A c eti B a ct eri u m C h o c ol at e

A c et o b a ct er C er e visi a e B a ct eri u m Vi n g ar

A c et o b a ct er F a b ar u m B a ct eri u m B e er

A c et o b a ct er l o v a ni e nsis B a ct eri u m V e g et a bl es

A c et o b a ct er Gl o bif or mis B a ct eri u m S m e ar - Ri p e n e d C h e es e

A c et o b a ct er Gl o bif or mis B a ct eri u m S m e ar - Ri p e n d c h e es e

B a cill us C er e u s B a ct eri u m C h o c ol at e

B a cill us S p h a eri c us B a ct eri u m Sti n k y T of u

B asill us S u btilis B a ct eri u m Sti n k y T ofi

B asill us S u btilis B a ct eri u m N att o

Bifi d o b a ct eri u m A ni m als B a ct eri u m D air y

Bifi d o b a ct eri u m Bifi d u m B a ct eri u m D air y

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Bifi d o b a ct eri u m Br e v e B a ct eri u m Soy

Br a c h y b a ct eri u m B a ct eri u m B e a uf ort c h e es e

A n i m e nt ari u m

C a m o b a ct eri u m Di v er g n es B a ct eri u m Fis h

C a m o b a ct eri u m Di v er g n es B a ct eri u m M e at

C a m o b a ct eri u m Pis ci ol a B a ct eri u m M e at

E nt er o c o c us F a e c alis B a ct eri u m Cr e a m

E nt er o c o c us F a e c alis B a ct eri u m Pi c kl e

E nt er o c o c c us F a e c alis B a ct eri u m S a us a g e

E nt er o c o c c us F a e c alis B a ct eri u m S o y sa uce

L a ct o b a cill us c olli n oi d es B a ct eri u m ci d er

L a ct o b a cill us J e ns e nii B a ct eri u m Br e a d

L a ct o b a cill us p e nt os us B a ct eri u m Fr uit

L a ct o b a cill us R e ut eri B a ct eri u m S o ur d o u g h B r e a d

L a ct o b a cill us s p p. B a ct eri u m B utt er

L a ct o b a cill us l a ctis B a ct eri u m B utt er mil k

As p er gill us Ni g er F u n g us Tea

As p er gill us Ni g er F u n g us A w a m ori

G e otri c h u m C a n di d u m F u n g us C h e es e

Iss at c h e n ki a Ori e nt alis F u n g us K efir

M u c or H ei m alis F u n g us S o y B e a n C ur d

P e hi cill u m Al b u m F u n g us F ar m h o us e c h e es es

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Ms ;jh f d. o u ( D ai r y F e r m e nt ati o n)
D ai r y p r o d u cts

N a me C o u nt r y of Mil k t y p es, C o n diti o ns Mi c r o fl o r a

O ri gi n

D a hi( D a d hi) I n di a, Persi a Mil k ( C o w/ B uff al o) L. L a ctris s u bs p . L a ctis S.

S ali v ari us S u bs p.
T h e m o p hil us L. D el br u e c kii
s u bs p. B ul g ari es ,
Pl a n et ari u m. L a ct os e
F er m e nti n g y e ast Mi x e d
C ult ur e.

Sri k h a n d I n di a Mil k ( C o w/ B uff al o) S. S ali v ari o us S u bs p.

T h er m o p hil us, L. D el br u e c kii
S u bs p. B ul g ari c us

L assi I n di a Mil k ( C o w / B uff al o) S. S ali v ari o us S u bs p.

T h er m os p hil us L. D el br u c kii
S u bs p. B ul g ari c us

N a me C o u nt r y of Mil k T y p es C o n diti o ns Mi c r o Fl o r a
O ri gi n

C ult ur e d S c a n di n e vi a n & Mil k ( C o w/ B uf al o) L. L a ctis s u bs p. L a ctis L. L a cti c

E ur o p e a n s u bs p. Di a c et yl a ctis l e u c o n ost o c
C o u ntri es d e xtr a ni c u m

A ci d o p hil us A ustr eli a C o w ‘s Mil k L. A ci d o p hil us

Mil k

Y o g h urt Mi d dl e Asi a C o w’ s Mil k G o at’s Or S, S ali v ari us S u bs p.

T h er m o p hil us L.

( Bi o- G h urt) B al k a ns Mi x e d Mil k D el br u e c kii S u bs p B ul g ari c us

Mi cr o c o c c u s a n d ot h er L a cti c
A ci d, B a ct eri a, C o c ci Y e asts
M o dls.

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1- nqX/k mR ik nkas aes lk ekU ; : i sl iz ;q D r gks su ok sy dq N lw{ e n”khZ b l iz dkj gS &

nqX/k mR ik n lw{ e th o
(i) n gh - sy D Vks csf l y l ,f l Mks Qk b y l
(ii) ;ks x g VZ - sy D Vks csf l y l cq Y xkfj d l] L VªsI Vks dks d l Fk eksZf Q y l
(iii) Nk N - L VªsI Vks dks d l sØ eksfj l] S. syf D V l] sy D Vks cs lh y l ,f l Mksf Q y l
(i v) [k V~ Vh e yk bZ - L VªsI Vks dks d l syf D V l] Y w; dks uks L VkW d dsz eksfj l
( v) ds seE c VZ ph t - isf uf lf y ; e ds esE c VhZ

2- ph t ds rh u zi dkj dk gks rk gS & (i) uj e ( 5 0-8 0 % t y ) (ii) vFkZ & d Bks j ( 4 5 % t y ) o (iii) d Bks j
( <40 % t y )

i uhj ds f ofHkUUk iz dkj

Ø -l i uhj dh f dL e f u osf”k r lw{ e th o u eh ds vk/kkj ij f oHkk t u
izkjfEHk d ifj i D o i o u
1 lk ekU ; i uhj L Vsª - syf D V l u eZ ifj if D o r
sy D Vks csf l yh
2 js u V ph t dkf e e c ZV jsf u u ,U tk b e f t vks Vªk b d e sdU Mh M e dk +Mk ifj if D o r
ph v esfj d u ;k sj Mj L Vsª - syf D V l isf uf lf y ; e dkf e e c VhZ
ph t L Vªs - Øs eksfj l sy D Vks csf l y l
L Vªs - M ;w jU l
3 jks d Q VZ jsf u u ,U tk b e is - jks d Qks VhZ v/kZ u eZ - ifj if D o r
4 fL o l ph t ikj es l u L Vªs - Fk eksZf Q y l izksf i vksf u d th ok.kq f Nf nz r i uhj xS l f N nzsk ds dkj.k
ph t , M e ph t , M e sy D Vks csf l yh izksf i vksf u d th ok.kq f Nf nz r i uhj xS l f N nzsk ds dkj.k
ph t sy D Vks csf l yh

➢ vf/k dka ”k izf r tSf o d lw{ e th oksa sd rh u l we gksa ls izkI r f d , tk rs gS] tks gS & ;w cS D Vhfj ;k ]
,f D V uks ek bf lf V t vkS j d o d

Ø -al - i uhj ds iz dkj m i ;ks x aes yk ;s lw{ e th o vfHkf Ø ;k

1 è nq (i) sd seE c VZ
(ii) f yE cj xj
2 v )Z d Bks j
(i) jks D ;q Qks VZ
(ii) uh yk
is uhf lf y ; e ds esE c VhZ n gh dh l r g ij lw { e th oksa dh izf rf Ø ;k }kjk
czs oh cS D Vhfj ; e i dk ;k tk rk gS A
L VªsI Vks dk d l f y D oh Qs lh ;sU l]
czs oh cS D Vhfj ; e
l r gh vkS j vkU rfj d òf ) ds l g ;ks x ls
is uhf lf y ; e
jks D ;q Qks VhZ

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d Bks j izks ih vks uh cS D sVfj ; e L ih”kh t iw js n gh sae lw{ e th okas d ks b uks Y ;w sy V dj sd
(i) fL o l th vks Vªk b d e
(ii) sp n~ nkj

6 f df. o r [kk | o m ls c uk us dh f of/k ;k¡

➢ lkj Ø‚ V & t Ze u yks xkas dk f ç ; Hkks t u] iÙkk xksHkh ls rS ;kj] sy D Vks cs lh y l th ok.kq 'k dZ jk dks ,f lf V d
vE y sae c n y rs gSa A

➢ VsE i gs & lks ;k ch u sl rS ;kj mR ik n & jk b tks ik l L sV Vks uk b Qj o jk - vks jh th d o d }kjk f d. o u dj ds

➢ dks dks , oa p‚ d sy V & dks dk s dk m i ;ks x is ; i nkFkZ o [kk | lk e xzh sea A dks dks ds ch t L ok n aes d +M os
gks rs gSa] f t u dks , l ijf t y l f u wM syU l] , lk ; M‚ oh] , f Q'kjh] isf uf lf y ; e d o dkas ls f d. o u dj sd
rS ;kj dj sr gSa A
➢ ;ks x g VZ & nwèk dks m ck y dj xk <+k c uk ;k tk r k gS] sy D Vks cs lh y l cq y sxfj ;k rFkk Fk eksZf Q y l dk m i ;ks x
f d ;k tk rk gS A b l dk m i ;ks x ;w jks i eas dj rs gSa A

➢ ys sc u & xk ; o c djh ds wnèk ls f uÆ e r sy D Vks cs lh y l th ok.kq dk m i ;ks x] f e lz ns 'k aes ç pf y r gS A

➢ dsf Qj & wnèk aes dsf Qj ds nk su f e yk dj f uÆ e r] 7 sl 10 f n u e sa nk sau Qw y dj nq xq su vk dkj sd]
sy D Vks cs lh y l czhf o l th ok.kq dk m i ;ks x] b l dk m i ;ks x vkS"kèkh o Hkks t u ds : i aes f d ;k tk rk gSa A

➢ e ëk & ikL pq jh — r wnèk aes tk e u f e yk dj Sr ;kj mR ik n]f lf Vª d vE y 0 -15% ] L VªsI Vks dks d l Øh eksfj l
rFkk Y ;w dks u‚L V‚ d • f l Vªks oks j e dk m i ;ksx dj rs gSa A
➢ es V wt u & n wèk dks m ck y dj B. Mk dj sd sy D Vks csf l y l ls f d. o u dj sr gSa] vk esZf u ;k dk yks df ç ;
mR ik n A
➢ dqf e l & : l dk yks df ç ; mR ik n] Å¡ V uh ;k ?kks M+h ds rS ;kj mR ik n wnèk sy D Vks cs lh y l o ;hL V dk
m i ;ks x dj sd A

➢ vk b l Øh e & wnèk ls f uÆ e r mR ik n] Hk. Mkj.k rk i ek u & 17 ° C sl & 28 ° C ] LFkk ;h dkj d i nkFkZ

l sY ;w yks t] xkas n] X okj , oa lksf M ; e ,Y th us V dk ç ;ks x f d ;k tk rk gS A
➢ i uhj & eq yk ; e i uhj] d Bks j i uhj , oa v )Z d Bks j i uhj A

➢ czs M & vk sV ls f uÆ e r] ¼ ls ds jks ek b lh t ls jsf o lh½ dk ç ;ks x] , ek ; ys t] ekY Vs t rFkk tk ; es t ,U tk b e

m ifLF k rA

U ni v ersit y R o a d, N e ar K al k a M at a M a n dir, U d ai p ur. C o nt a ct. - 9 3 5 8 8 1 1 9 0 5/ 9 4 1 3 7 7 2 9 3 9 Page | 5

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➢ Mks lk vkS j b M yh & pk o y vkS j mj n d h nk y sl rS ;kj] Y ;w dks uks L V‚ d rFkk L VªsI Vks dks d l dk ç ;ks x A

➢ Vks Mh & nf{k.k Hkkj r sae ç pf y r is ; i nkFkZ ¼ sdfj ;ks Vk ;w jsU l & rk M ò{k½ ls f uÆ e rA

➢ VsE is g ¼ b. Mks usf'k ;k aes ç pf y r½ & lks ;k ch u $ sx wg¡ ls f uÆ e r A

➢ lq Qw ¼ ph u sea ç pf y r½ & lks ;k ch u $ xs wg¡ ls f uÆ e rA

S .N. F e r m e nt e d D es c ri pti o n
F o o ds
1 A ci d o p hili n e F er m e nt e d mil k pr o d u ct wit h L a ct o b a cill us a ci d o p hil us b a c t eri a.

2 A m asi A w or d f or f er m e nt e d mil k t h at t ast es li k e c ott a g e c h e es e or pl ai n y o g h urt. It

is v er y p o p ul ar i n S o ut h Afri c a.
3 A maza ke J a p a n A tr a diti o n al s w e et, l o w - or n o n -al c o h ol ( d e p e n di n g o n r e ci p es)
J a p a n es e dri n k m a d e fr o m f er m e nt e d ri c e.

4 A p pa m I n di a A t y p e of S o ut h In di a n p a n c a k e m a d e wit h f er m e nt e d ri c e b att er a n d
c o c o n ut mil k. It is a p o p ul ar f o o d i n S o ut h I n di a n st at es of K er al a a n d T a mil
N a d u. It is als o v er y p o p ul ar i n Sri L a n k a w h er e it is c o m m o nl y r ef err e d t o
b y its a n gli ci z e d n a m e as H o p p ers.

5 At c h ar a P hili p pi n es, A p i c kl e m a d e fr o m gr at e d u nri p e p a p a y a t h at is p o p ul ar i n t h e

P hili p pi n es. It is oft e n s er v e d as a si d e dis h f or fri e d or grill e d f o o ds s u c h as
p or k b ar b e c u e.

6 A yr a n A c ol d y o g h urt b e v er a g e mi x e d wit h s alt.[ 1] I n a d diti o n t o T ur k e y, w h er e it

is c o nsi d er e d a n ati on al dri n k, a yr a n is f o u n d i n Ir a n (t h er e c all e d d o o g h),
Af g h a nist a n, Ar m e ni a ( h er e c all e d t a n), A z er b aij a n, t h e B al k a ns,
K a z a k hst a n, K yr g y zst a n, L e b a n o n, S yri a a n d a cr oss t h e C a u c as us [ 2] Its
pri m ar y i n gr e di e nts ar e w at er a n d y o g urt.

7 Ba n h c u o n N ort h er n Vi et n a m. [ 5] M a d e fr o m a t hi n, wi d e s h e et of st e a m e d
f er m e nt e d[ 6] ri c e b att er fill e d wit h s e as o n e d gr o u n d p or k, mi n c e d w o o d e ar
m us hr o o m, a n d mi n c e d s h all ots.

8 B e er A tr a diti o n al al c o h oli c ( d e p e n di n g o n r e ci p es) b e v er a g e m a d e fr o m gr ai ns

a n d h o ps

9 Bl a a n d A f er m e nt e d mil k pr o d u ct m a d e fr o m w h e y. It is si mil ar i n al c o h ol c o nt e nt t o
wi n e.

10 B o za A tr a diti o n al f er m e nt e d dri n k wit h al c o h ol f o u n d i n m a n y c o u ntri es

11 Br e a d A n y bi ol o gi c all y ( y e ast(s) as o p p os e d t o b a ki n g p o w d er) l e a v e n e d br e a d.

12 Br e m I n d o n esi a A tr a diti o n al f er m e nt e d f o o d of I n d o n esi a t h at us es ri c e.

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13 B ur o n g is d a P hili p pi n es R a w fis h, f er m e nt e d i n r e d ri c e a n d s alt f or u p t o o n e w e e k.
Si mil ar t o J a p a n es e N ar e z us hi

14 B ur o n g P hili p pi n es M a d e b y mi xi n g cr a bl ets, a n d s alt a n d l eft i n a j ar t o f er m e nt

t al a n g k a t h or o u g hl y. It c a n b e e at e n aft er 2-5 d a ys. I n t h e s o m e c o m m u niti es,
c al a m a nsi, c hili, d a y a p, a n d/ or s o y s a us e is/ ar e a d d e d t o e n h a n c e t h e fl a v or
w hil e f er m e nt ati o n is o c c urri n g

15 B utt er mil k -

16 C al pis J a p a n, A n u n c ar b o n at e d s oft dri n k, m a n uf a ct ur e d b y C al pis C o., Lt d. t h at is

pr o d u c e d usi n g l a cti c a ci d f er m e nt ati o n

17 C h ass I n di a. T h e w or d us e d f or b utt er mil k i n R aj ast h a ni a n d G uj ar ati. [ 7] C h ass is

t h e tr a diti o n al G uj ar ati b e v er a g e fr o m G uj ar at, I n di a

18 C h e es e S o m e c h e es es, s u c h as S h a n klis h ( pi ct ur e d), ar e f er m e nt e d as p art of t h eir

pr o d u cti o n

19 C h e o n g g u kj a n g K or e a A f er m e nt e d s o y b e a n p ast e us e d i n K or e a n c u isi n e t h at c o nt ai ns b ot h
w h ol e a n d gr o u n d s o y b e a ns

20 C oc oa C o c o a b e a n f er m e nt ati o n f or c h o c ol at e, a n d ot h er c o c o a pr o d u cts

21 C o d li v er Oil C o d li v er oil w as tr a diti o n all y m a n uf a ct ur e d b y filli n g a w o o d e n b arr el wit h

fr es h ( Tr a diti o n al pr e p ar ati o n c o d li v ers a n d s e a w at er a n d al l o wi n g t h e
mi xt ur e t o f er m e nt f or u p t o a y e ar b ef or e m et h o d) r e m o vi n g t h e oil.

22 C urti d o A t y p e of li g htl y f er m e nt e d c a b b a g e r elis h. It is t y pi c al i n S al v a d or a n c uisi n e

a n d t h at of ot h er C e ntr al A m eri c a n c o u ntri es, a n d is us u all y m a d e wit h
c a b b a g e, o ni o ns, c arr ots , a n d s o m eti m es li m e j ui c e

23 D h o kl a G uj ar at, I n di a A v e g et ari a n f o o d it e m m a d e wit h a f er m e nt e d b att er d eri v e d

fr o m ri c e a n d c hi c k p e a s plits [ 1 0]

24 D o e nj a n g K or c a A t hi c k b e a n p ast e t h at i n cl u d es f er m e nt ati o n i n its pr e p ar ati o n

25 Doogh A n ci e nt P ersi a A s a v or y y o g urt -b as e d b e v er a g e

26 D os a I n di a A f er m e nt e d cr e p e or p a n c a k e m a d e fr o m ri c e b att er a n d bl a c k l e ntils.
It is a st a pl e f o o di n m a n y p arts of I n di a. Pi ct ur e d is Ra v a d os a, a t y p e of
D os a dis h Pl ai n d os a a n d M as al a d os a ar e b ett er f er m e nt e d dis h es. T h e b att er
is f er m e nt e d f or 8 t o 10 hrs.

27 D o u b a njj a n g A s pi c y, s alt y p ast e m a d e fr o m f er m e nt e d br o a d b e a ns, s o y b e a ns, s alt, ri c e,

a n d v ari o us s pi c es

28 F er m e nt e d F er m e nt e d t of u ( pi ct ur e d) is a t y p e of F er m e nt e d b e a n c ur d

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b e a n c ur d

29 F er m e nt e d fis h A tr a diti o n al pr e p ar ati o n of fis h. B ef or e r efri g er ati o n, c a n ni n g a n d ot h er

m o d er n pr es er v a ti o n t e c h ni q u es b e c a m e a v ail a bl e, f er m e nti n g w as a n
i m p ort a nt pr es er v ati o n m et h o d

30 F er m e nt e d Als o k n o w n as c ult ur e d d air y f o o ds, c ult ur e d d air y pr o d u cts, or c ult ur e d mil k

Mil k Pr o d u cts pr o d u cts, f er m e nt e d mil k pr o d u cts ar e d air y f o o ds t h at h a v e b e e n f er m e nt e d
wit h l a cti c a ci d b a c t eri a s u c h as L a ct o b a cill us, L a ct o c o c c us, a n d
L e u c o n ost o c Pi ct ur e d is m at z o o n, a f er m e nt e d mil k pr o d u ct of Ar m e ni a n
ori gi n

31 Fil mj ol k N or di c c o u ntri es A m es o p hili c f er m e nt e d mil k pr o d u ct t h at is m a d e b y

f er m e nti n g c o w's mil k wit h a v ari et y of b a ct eri a fr o m t h e s pe ci es
L a ct o c o c c us l a ctis a n d L e u c o n ost o c j p g a m es e nt er oi d es [ 1 2][ 1 3]

32 G ari I n di vi d u al pl at e of g arri t o c at b y h a n d wit h fis h a n d gr e e ns, B a b al

( 5 5 7 0 9 8 4 1 2 5). p o p ul ar W est Afri c a n f o o d m a d e fr o m c ass a v a t u b ers

33 G ar u m G ar u m w as a fis h s a u c e m a d e fr o m t h e f er m e nt ati o n of fis h e ntr ails, us e d as

a c o n di m e nt i n t h e c uisi n es of a n ci e nt Gr e e c e, R o m e, a n d B y z a nti u m. It is
b eli e v e d t o h a v e r es e m bl e d t h e f e r m e nt e d a n c h o v y s a u c e c ol at ur a di ali ci
still pr o d u c e d t o d a y i n C a m p a ni a, It al y

34 G u n dr u k N e p al G u n dr u k is m a d e b y f er m e nti n g l e a v es of v e g et a bl es of Br assi c a
f a mil y

35 H a k ari I c el a n d M a d e b y f er m e nti n g s h ar k m e at, t h e n h a n gi n g it t o dr y. Pi ct ur e d is

H á k arl h a n gi n g t o dr y i n I c el a n d

36 I nj er a A s o ur d o u g h -ris e n fl at br e a d wit h a u ni q u e, sli g htl y s p o n g y t e xt ur e.

Tr a diti o n all y m a d e o ut of t eff fl o ur, [ 1 4] it is a n ati o n al dis h i n Et hi o pi a a n d
Eritr e a

37 K et c h u p I n I n d o n esi a n c uisi n e, w hi c h is si mil ar t o M al a y, t h e t er m k e c a p r ef ers t o

f er m e nt e d s a v or y s a u c es

38 K us a y a J a p a n A tr a diti o n al s alt e d a n d f er m e nt e d fis h dis h ori gi n ati n g i n t h e I z u

Isl a n ds, a n d oft e n c at e n wit h s a k e, s h o c h u, or a l o c al dri n k c all e d S hi m a
Ji m a n.

39 Mis o J a p a n F er m e nt e d s o y a b e a n

40 N att o J a p a n N att o ( ? ? ? ? or 7 7) is a tr a diti o n al J a p a n es e f o o d m a d e fr o m s o y b e a ns

f er m e nt e d wit h B a cill us s u btilis v ar, m att o. S o m e e at it as a br e a kf ast f o o d. It
is s er v e d wit h s o y s a u c e, k ar as hi m ust ar d a n d J a p a n es e b u n c hi n g o ni o n.

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 la L dj.k - 2 0 2 3
R O Y AL
N att o m a y b e a n a c q uir e d t ast e b e c a us e of its p o w erf ul s m ell, str o n g fl a v or,
a n d sli m y t e xt ur e. I n J a p a n n att o is m ost p o p ul ar i n t h e e ast er n r e gi o ns,
i n cl u di n g K a nt o, T o h o k u, a n d H o k k ai d o

41 S al g a m T ur k e y S al g a m is a p o p ul ar b e v er a g e fr o m s o ut h er n T ur k e y's citi es of A d a n a
a n d M ersi n. It is m a d e wit h t h e j ui c e of r e d c arr ot pi c kl es, s alt e d, s pi c e d , a n d
fl a v o ur e d wit h ar o m ati c t ur ni p ( ç el e m) f er m e nt e d i n b arr els wit h t h e a d diti o n
of gr o u n d b ul g ur
42 S o ur C a b b a g e V e g et a bl e pr es er v e si mil ar t o s a u er kr a ut, wit h t h e diff er e n c e t h at it is
pr e p ar e d t hr o u g h t h e l a ct o -f er m e nt ati o n of w h ol e h e a ds of c a b b a g e ( Br assi c a
Ol er a c e a v ar c a pit at a), n ot s e p ar at e l e a v es or gr at e d m ass

43 S o ur cr e a m O bt ai n e d b y f er m e nti n g a r e g ul ar cr e a m wit h c ert ai n ki n ds of l a ct i c a ci d

b a ct eri a. [ 1 8] T h e b a ct eri al c ult ur e, w hi c h is i ntr o d u c e d eit h er d eli b er at el y or
n at ur all y s o urs a n d t hi c k n ess t h e cr e a m pi ct ur e d is S m et a n a.

44 Ta ba n g T h e cr a b r o e a n d m e at of a s a c k of cr a bl ets ar e c ar ef ull y o ut a n d pr es er e v e d
T al a n g k a i n a si n gl e j ar usi n g s e a s alt. Tr a diti o n al, T h e n u m b er of f e m al e ( V-li n e d
u n d er b ell y) a n d ‘ g a y’ cr a bs ( D -li n e d u n d er b ell y) s h o ul d al w a ys h a v e m or e
w ei g ht t h a n t h e m al e cr a bs ( T -li n e d u n d er b ell y) T a b a n g t al a n g a k a is us u all y
us e d as a c o n di m e nt t o e n h a n c e t h e fl a v o ur of ri c e a n d ot h e r s e af o o d.

45 T a b as c o s a u c e U nit e d st at es T a b as c o s a u c e is a br a n d of h ot s a u c e m a d e e x cl usi v el y fr o m
T a b as c o p e p p ers ( C a psi c u m fr ut es c e ns v ar. t a b as c o)

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