U&M EN Rev.002-12 HT3÷7EL BP

Ed. 002/12 Mod.
HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
Handling Technologies
BP s.r.l.
Via Nazionale, 68 - Loc. Croce
43058 - SORBOLO (PR) - ITALY
TEL. ++39 0521-60.42.00

FAX ++39 0521-60.43.59
www.bpht.it
e-mail:info@bpht.it
Loader Mod.:
Mod. HT5EL
Serial number:
190303
Year of Construction:
2012
ANY TOTAL OR PARTIAL REPRODUCTION OF

THE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
All rights reserved by BP s.r.l.
www.bpht.it 1 Handling Technologies

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
INDEX
EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE "MACHINE DIRECTIVE" 6
NOISE AND VIBRATIONS 7
INTRODUCTION 9
THIS MANUAL 10
Symbols used 11
1 - MARKING AND IDENTIFICATION 12

1.1 - MARKING PLATE 13
1.2 - CAPACITY RATING PLATE 13
1.3 - WARNING PANELS 14
1.4 - MACHINE DESCRIPTION 16
2 - OPERATING CONDITIONS AND LIMITS 18
3 - SAFETY MEASURES AND DEVICES 19

3.1 - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 20
4 - PUTTING INTO OPERATION 22

4.1 - CHECKS TO MAKE ON THE VEHICLE 22
4.2 - STARTING THE ENGINE 24
5 - OPERATING IN SAFE CONDITIONS 27

5.1 - DRIVING AND CONTROL POSITION 27
5.2 - DASHBOARD WITH WARNING LIGHTS AND CONTROLS 34
5.3 - DASHBOARD and WARNING LIGHTS 35
5.4 - DASHBOARD CONTROL LEVER 36
5.5 - KEYS 37
5.7 - STARTING UP AND DRIVING THE TRUCK 40
5.8 - FORKING AND LIFTING THE LOAD 41
5.9 - TRANSPORTING THE LOAD 42
5.10 - DEPOSITING THE LOAD 42
5.11 - STOPPING THE TRUCK 43
6 - FAILURES, CAUSES AND RELATIVE REMEDIES 44

6.1 - ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY 44
6.2 - TROUBLE-SHOOTING 44
6.3 - MDI CAN ALARMS CODING 47
Handling Technologies 2 www.bpht.it

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7 - MAINTENANCE 48
7.1 - GENERAL 48
7.2 - PERIODICAL CHECKS AND REFUELLING 49
7.3 - MAIN POINTS FOR REFUELLING AND CHECKING 50
7.4 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 52
7.4.1 - ELECTRICAL POWER 53
7.4.2 - BATTERY PACKS - RECHARGING AND TOP UP 54
7.4.3 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM SAFETY 55
7.4.4 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 55
7.5 - WHEELS AND TYRES 56
Wheels Inflating pressure table 56
Torque 56
7.5.1 - RIMS AND WHEELS: USE, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY RULES 58
7.5.1.1 - General recommendations 58
7.5.1.2 - Maintenance and checks on rims and wheel discs 58
7.5.1.3 - Troubleshooting 59
7.5.1.4 - Mounting instructions 60
7.5.1.5 - Demounting instructions 60
7.5.2 - TIGHTENING WHEEL NUTS 61
7.5.3 - REPLACING WHEELS AND TYRES 61
7.6 - BRAKES 62
7.7 - LIFTING UNIT 64
7.8 - LUBRICATION AND GREASING - mod. HT4EL - HT5EL 65
7.9 - FRONT STEERING AXLE 66
7.10 - REAR BEARING AXLE (DIFFERENTIAL) 67
7.11 - HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 68
7.11.1 - MECHANICAL LEVERS' HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 68
7.11.2 - JOYSTICK HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 69
7.11.2 - HYDRAULIC TANK 70
7.11.3 - CYLINDERS - VALVES - PIPES 71
7.11.4 - HYDRAULIC PUMP - FILTER 72
7.11.5 - HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR (MECHANICAL LEVERS) 72
7.11.6 - HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR (Version with Joystick) 72
7.11.6 - POWER STEERING - VALVLE "OLSA 80" 73
7.12 - PROTECTING THE TRUCK WHEN NOT IN USE 73
7.13 - PREPARING THE MACHINE AFTER PROLONGED PERIODS OF INACTIVITY 73
8 - HANDLING AND TRANSPORT 75

8.1 - HANDLING 75
9 - TECHNICAL DATA AND PARTICULARS 77

9.1 - PARTICULARS e TECHNICAL DATA mod."HT3EL" 77
9.2 - PARTICULARS e TECHNICAL DATA mod. "HT3,5EL" 78
9.7 - COMPARATIVE TABLE OF APPROVED OILS 83

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR EDITING PURPOSES

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
- ATTENTION -
Before starting up this machine, operators must read and fully understand
this manual in order to adequately prepare for its use.
Any use of this machine which differs from that described herewithin is
STRICTLY PROHIBITED and shall release BP s.r.l. from any liability for da-
mage caused to persons, property or animals.
- WARNING -
This manual is to be considered an integral part of the machine supply and there-
fore must be made available to users at all times. Operators must carefully read all
information written in this documentation before use.
Improper, erroneous or unreasonable use of this machine or its accessories is not

permitted and any interventions to alter its structure or function are prohibited.
- ATTENTION -
A COPY OF THIS MANUAL MUST ALWAYS BE STORED IN AN EASILY
ACCESSIBLE PLACE ON THE MACHINE FOR OPERATOR REFERENCE.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE "MACHINE DIRECTIVE"

(EXTRACT of Machinery Directive 2006/42/CE)
FROM ARTICLE 1
1. La presente direttiva si applica ai seguenti prodotti:
a) machinery;
b) ……
FROM ARTICLE 2
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘machinery’ designates the products listed in Article 1(1)(a) to (f).
The following definitions shall apply:

a) ‘machinery’ means:
- an assembly, fitted with or intended to be fitted with a drive system other than directly applied human
or animal effort, consisting of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, and which
are joined together for a specific application,
- ……
FROM ARTICLE 4
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that machinery may be placed on the
market and/or put into service only if it satisfies the relevant provisions of this Directive and does not
endanger the health and safety of persons and, ...
FROM ARTICLE 6
1. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market and/or putting into ser-
vice in their territory of machinery which complies with this Directive.
FROM ARTICLE 7
1. Member States shall regard machinery bearing the CE marking and accompanied by the EC declara-
tion of conformity, the content of which is set out in Annex II, part 1, Section A, as complying with the
provisions of this Directive.
BP s.r.l. declares that the Side Loaders of its production are in conformity with the
Directives 2006/42 /CE – 2006/95/CE BT
and subsequent modifications, only in the case that the present
use and maintenance manual is provided
with declaration of conformity with the same directives

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
NOISE AND VIBRATIONS
VALUE INDICATING MAXIMUM EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC PRESSURE LEVEL
Loader position Value detected in dB (A) Testing conditions
Levels measured in passing in the accelerating

Loader in movement 67 phase at a distance of 7.5 m from the longitu-
dinal axis of the machine at a height of 1.5 m.
Loader stopped 66 Level measured at 7 m from the motor side of the

machine with the motor at rated maximum output.
VALUE INDICATING MAXIMUM DRIVING POSITION ACOUSTIC PRESSURE LEVEL
Loader position Value detected in dB (A) Testing conditions
In the operator’s cab

Loader stopped 68 Motor at maximum power
VIBRATIONS
Indicative level of reference measured during model testing on machines with pneumatic tyres which
were just out of the factory Awmax = 0.86 m/s2

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
INTRODUCTION
We would like to thank you for choosing to own one of our machines and are confident that
you will be fully satisfied.
We recommend that you read this manual at least once before use:
You will find a description of the machine and simple norms to follow for guaranteed operating conduct,
maintenance and machine preservation.
This machine was designed and constructed according to the most modern and advanced mechanical
and electronic research to satisfy all customer needs and to make this machine safe, reliable and with
reduced maintenance times.
BP s.r.l.
WARRANTY
- At the time of delivery, make sure that there are no parts of loader missing.
- Complaints of non-conformity or of missing parts should be presented by no later than three days
from receipt of the goods.
- As for the validity, the duration, the limits, and the forfeiture and any other aspect regarding the
warranty, reference is to be made to the contract and to the certificate of warranty.
Any modifications made to this machine will result in a new verification of conformity to machine
directive 2006/42/CE. This same procedure holds true in the case of any repairs made with non-
original spare parts.
Any defects detected on the loader while under guarantee and attributable to failure to comply with
requirements indicated in this manual will result in the AUTOMATIC CANCELLATION OF GUARANTEE RIGHTS.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
THIS MANUAL
This instruction manual is to be considered an integral part of the machine supply and contains all ne-
cessary information for proper machine running, with particular attention to authorised personnel safety.
This manual must therefore be conserved for the entire life of the machine and passed on to any future
users or following owners.
All instructions contained in this manual must be used to assist the operator in safe and proper machine
start-up, use and maintenance.
- ATTENTION -
SOME ILLUSTRATIONS, FIGURES, PHOTOS OR REPRESENTATIONS IN THIS MANUAL CAN
BE CONSIDERED INDICATIVE OR DIFFERENT FROM THOSE HELD BY THE FINAL CUSTOMER.
Due to manufacturing demands, machines from the standard production range may have cer-
tain details which differ from those mentioned in this manual. The company reserves the right to
make such modifications without prior notice.
Due to continuous technical improvements and due to the updating and publishing time con-
straints, data in this manual may undergo modifications at any time and must not therefore be
considered binding.
In some of the illustrations, panels or guards have been removed in order to obtain a clearer illustration.
Never use the machine without these panels or guards.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
Symbols used
For better understanding and safety, some graphic symbols have been inserted throughout this manual to in-
dicate operations with different hazard levels which may be found upon machine use.
Each symbol and its meaning is described below:
DANGER for personnel safety
IMPORTANT, but NOT dangerous for personnel safety
PROHIBITED or things which are dangerous for personnel

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
1 - MARKING AND IDENTIFICATION
Fig.1.1 shows the locations on the machine of:
1) CAPACITY RATING PLATE
2) MARKING PLATE
3) ADHESIVE PLATE OF THE APPROVED HYDRAULIC OILS
4) ADHESIVE SAFETY REGULATIONS STICKER TO BE KEPT

FOR A CORRECT USE OF THE BATTERIES
5) TYRE PRESSURE PLATE
6) CHASSIS No.
3 4
5 5
Fig.1.1 - Marking and identification

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
1.1 - MARKING PLATE
The marking plate, shown in Fig.1.2, is positioned inside the operator’s cab of the side loader, on a panel
at the base of the seat, on the operator’s right-hand side.
Under the heading "kW POWER" there are two readings:
1 - electric engine traction power
2 - hydraulic pump power
Fig.1.2
Fig 1 2 - Marking plate
1.2 - CAPACITY RATING PLATE
The capacity rating plate, shown in Fig.1.3, is positioned inside the side loader operator’s cab on a panel
at the base of the seat, to the operator’s right.
Fig.1.3
Fig 1 3 - Capacity rating plate
Should any plates become lost or illegible, it is the customer's responsibility to request a copy of the
original plate for replacement.
USE OF THIS MACHINE WITHOUT ITS ID PLATES IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
1.3 - WARNING PANELS
The above symbols on the machine draw attention to some particular aspects of the dangers involved in
using the machine.
Below are given the meanings of the signs and their location on the machine.
QUANTITY: 1 QUANTITY: 1
POSITION: POSITION:
Near ID plates Near the cab access area
MEANING: MEANING:
OBLIGATORY: Slipping and falling HAZARD:
read the entire manual carefully wear properly adhering
before operating machinery. footwear and use handles.
1 2
POSITION: POSITION:
On the left side of the column Near the lifting unit
MEANING: MEANING:
Electrocution HAZARD: Crushing HAZARD to lower limbs:
keep forklift a safe distance do not allow any persons near
away from electric cables. the machine while in operation.
3 4
POSITION: POSITION:
Near the lifting unit. On the 4 sides of the machine
MEANING: MEANING:
Crushing HAZARD to lower limbs: Do not allow any persons within 5m
do not allow any persons near a 5 metre range of the machine.
the machine while in operation.
5 6

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
POSITION: POSITION:
Near the lifting unit Near the lifting unit
MEANING: MEANING:
No persons should stand or PROHIBITED: it is hazardous
pass under forks. Keep persons, to lift person with the forklift.
children and animals away.
7 8
POSITION: POSITION:
On the perimeter of the platform In correspondence
with the main connection
and of the battery packs
MEANING:
PROHIBITED: it is hazardous
to lift persons with the forklift. MEANING:
ELECTROCUTION HAZARD
9 10

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
1.4 - MACHINE DESCRIPTION
Your electric BP forklift is equipped with two alternating current electric engines
Mod. HT3EL - HT3,5EL
- Traction 14 KW 80V AC
- Pump 17 KW 80V AC
Mod. HT4EL - HT5EL (27x10-12" tyres)
- Pump 20 KW 80V AC
Mod. HT6EL - HT7EL - HT5EL (300x15 tyres)
- Pump 23 KW 96V AC
- Power steering 2,4 KW 96V DC
Three battery packs, equally distributed on the chassis, supply the above mentioned engines with the
energy they need; the battery packs' voltage is 80 V ( elements of 2 Volts each for models HT 3 - 3.5 - 4
- 5 ) is of 96 V. ( 48 elements of 2 volts each for model HT6 ) while the amperes are :
Mod. HT3EL - HT3,5EL - 735 Ah
Mod. HT4EL - HT5EL - 920 Ah
Mod. HT6EL - HT7EL - 920 Ah
Available version with increate battery capacity.
A power unit transforms a part of the battery current from 80V / 96V to 12 V in order to power the elec-
tric lighting, the windscreen wiper, the horn and the reverse bleeper.
An electronic panel, placed between the main battery pack and the hydraulic tank, turns all the pulses
it receives from the operator or from any faults on the forklift into manoeuvres and alerts.
The panel is divided internally into two physically separated blocks: the first one (the traction inverter)
that manages the traction control and the second one (the pump inverter) that manages the hydraulic
movements.
It also detects any wrong operator manoeuvres, i.e. not in sequence: in these cases it blocks the
forklift to avoid accidents (this topic shall however be discussed further on).
The BP forklift is rear-wheel drive and is equipped with power steering that activates a double rod sin-
gle cylinder jack placed on the front wheels' axle.
The braking system is composed of : auxiliary hydraulic power steering driven by a pedal which acts
on the drum brakes of the rear wheels, and, of a power parking brake, operated by a RED button
located on the steering column, which acts on the disk Brake caliper located on the transmission in
proximity of differential entrance.
The rear axle (differential) is a carrier type with reducing coupling and its axle shafts oscillate in order
to allow perfect alignment in all conditions.
Some hydraulic jacks allow to perform all the operations the forklift has been designed for (raising and
lowering the forks, inlet and outlet of the lifting unit and frame tilting); the above mentioned operations
are performed via levers placed in the cab to the operator's right side.
The operator's seat is adjustable and comfortable to allow easy manoeuvrability.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
Mod. HT3-3,5EL
Mod. HT4-5EL
(27X10-12")
Mod. HT6-7EL
HT5EL (300X15)

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
2 - OPERATING CONDITIONS AND LIMITS
This machine has been designed with the function of loading, unloading and transporting Io ads within
the limits and at the positions of the capacity diagram supplied together with the machine (see MARKING
AND IDENTIFICATION chap.).
- PROHIBITION:
ANY OTHER USE OF THE MACHINE OUTSIDE THE ONE SPECIFIED IS TO BE CONSIDERED PRO-
HIBITED, NOT FORESEEN BY THE MANUFACTURER, AND THEREFORE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS.
- PROHIBITION:
IN PARTICULAR, IT IS FORBIDDEN TO LIFT OR CONVEY PERSONS.
To use the machine it is necessary and sufficient for there to be just one operator, no other operator or
person must be in the cab or dose to the loader when it is operating
- PROHIBITION:
The machine is not suitable for towing.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
3 - SAFETY MEASURES AND DEVICES

- The truck moves only when the manoeuvres are performed in the correct sequence:
1 - turn on with key
2 - put into forward gear or reverse
3 - press the accelerator to the desired extent
- A microswitch incorporated in the seat blocks the power until it "senses" weight.
- The engine will not start when the gear-lever is not in its neutral position.
- The engine bonnet has a lock and limit stop.
- There is a pilot lamp on the dashboard at the base of the steering, which signals when the forks
have not fully come back inside the frame.
- The control cab is made so as to protect the operator from falling objects, while safety glass and
a metal grating, on the right-hand side of the cab, protect the operator from any risk of shearing.
- The hydraulic control levers can only be operated mechanically and on purpose by the operator.
- To avoid any movement due to accidentally knocking the levers, they have a protection rod.
- The levers automatically go back into neutral thanks to a spring inside the distributor valve.
- In the event of the engine switching off during lifting, the load will not fall but will automatically stop
(this is ensured by the control distributor valve).
- Whereas, if the operator is lowering a load it will go down slowly without falling; this occurs by me-
ans of a partializing flow valve situated at the bottom of the lifting cylinder.
- This valve is also used to lower the load slowly if the hydraulic pipes burst.
- The lifting chains are sized so that the safety ratio between the breaking load and the rated load
(what the truck can lift) is no less than 5.
- A switch, towards the end of the stroke, slows down the entry speed of the lifting unit; this is so as
not to cause dangerous oscillations of the incoming load (at the limit stop).
- Two choke valves combined with a piloted check valve set before the frame tilting cylinders have
the dual task of slowing down the tilting movement (by sending a smaller amount of oil) and of not
permitting dangerous oil blow-by, during a stop, that would change the angle of the load platform.
- Other measures complete the safety of the BP truck, such as, for example: rear-view mirrors, clim-
bing bracket for the operator and non-slip pedal covers.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
3.1 - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
- ATTENTION:
Only adequately trained operators are allowed to use the machine.
- PROHIBITION:
It IS FORBIDDEN to transport persons on the load platform and, moreover, it is forbidden to use the
forks to lift persons.
- PROHIBITION:
It IS FORBIDDEN to be under the forks or in the range of action of the truck.
- ATTENTION:
During work, wear suitable footwear, with soles that are not worn and able to keep a good grip in any condition.
- ATTENTION:
Definitely avoid loose or hanging clothes that could somehow get caught up in moving parts.
- ATTENTION:
Before moving the vehicle, make sure the load is resting firmly and stable on the platform.
- ATTENTION:
Make sure the tyres are always in good condition and at the right pressure.
- ATTENTION:
Avoid braking sharply except in the case of an emergency.
- IMPORTANT:
The machine must work on the level while loading, during transport, and when depositing the load.
- ATTENTION:
Check that the ground where you are operating with the truck is sufficiently solid to support the truck.
- ATTENTION:
Never lift loads greater than the rated load of the truck and anyhow always refer to the capacity diagram
before doing any lifting.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
- ATTENTION:
Do not use extensions for the forks (this is not foreseen by the manufacturer and would jeopardize the
stability of the truck).
- PROHIBITION:
Do not carry out any lifting operations, up or down, or have the unit enter with the forks turned downwards
(the load could slip and fall). The forks must be horizontal or slightly sloping upwards.
- PROHIBITION:
It IS FORBIDDEN to tamper with the safety valves.
- ATTENTION:
Always use the control levers slowly to avoid sudden movements.
- ATTENTION:
While working, take care not to bump the truck against an adjacent load.
- ATTENTION:
Bends should be handled carefully and at moderate speed.
- ATTENTION:
Sound the horn when the truck is operating in an area where visibility is not good and close to a bend.
- ATTENTION:
While the unit is moving in-out, limit the speed on approaching the limit stops.
- ATTENTION:
Never push loads with the tips of the forks.
- IMPORTANT:
While working, the operator must frequently check no one comes within the range of action of the machi-
ne and have any persons or animals move away before starting the machine.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
4 - PUTTING INTO OPERATION
4.1 - CHECKS TO MAKE ON THE VEHICLE:
- If, for work requirements, the truck is shipped dismantled, assembly must be carried out by specia-
lized personnel who know the equipment, following for reference the exploded views of the spare
parts handbook or any other instructions of the manufacturer.
- PROHIBITION -
Performing any assembly / dismantling operations without
the use of authorised and qualified personnel is STRICTLY PROHIBITED
- Before putting into operation, it is then wise to check some points, even though the manufacturer
clearly guarantees the perfect arrangement of the various components at the time of delivery; the
operator needs these checks to get a good approach to the various parts of the truck.
1) Check the battery charge
Check the battery charge with the apposite tool in the cab or even better with the densimeter supplied
with the forklift; this second operation is more precise than the first one because, in the event of a dark
green signal on the densimeter, the operator has a guaranteed whole work cycle before needing to re-
charge (it is however recommended to perform this operation before the forklift has functioned, since at a
higher battery liquid temperature its density changes and therefore its real charge level as well).
2) Check the battery water level
Check the correct battery water level and in the event of it being low, top it up with the appropriate "tool
for centralised top up". It is recommended to top up alternating each time between the blue connection
and the red one (this ensures an equal density of the liquid throughout the various battery pack elements
and therefore a better performance and durability of the batteries).

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
3) Check the hydraulic oil level
Check the oil level carefully via the spy-caps (Fig.4.1 Part.1) placed on the oil tank.
This check must be performed when all the hydraulic levers are in the closed position.
Fig.4.1 - Hydraulic oil tank
4) Check the tyres
Check that the tyres are not damaged and are inflated at the right pressure (Fig.4.2 Part.1).
Make sure the nuts of the wheel pins are tightened properly (Fig.4.2 Part.2).
To inflating pressure and torque, see specific table.
ATM.
1
2 2
Fig.4.2 - Tyres

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
4.2 - STARTING THE ENGINE
After having read this instructions and maintenance manual carefully and sitting in a comfortable driving
position and consequently having disconnected, with one's weight on the seat, the first safety movement
microswitch (incorporated in the seat and that does not allow the forklift to move without the driver on
board), the operator must proceed as follows, keeping to a scrupulous sequence of operations:
- ATTENTION:
1) Ensure that the forks do not touch the
ground and that they are raised by at least Pictures are taken with dismounted component
for better understanding
15-20 cm.
2) Ensure that the raising unit is completely
retracted.
3) Ensure that there is nobody in close proxi-
mity of the machine and on the route it has
to cover.
4) Release the hand brake button (Fig.4.3 Part.1)
to free the transmission and at the same time 1
disconnect the second movement safety mi-
croswitch connected to it (the forklift does not
move without this operation).
5) Ensure that the hydraulic distributor command
levers are also in neutral.
6) Turn the key clockwise to switch on (Fig.4.4).
7) Check that the "charge batteries - search for
faults and anomalies" instrument does not
signal, initially, an insufficient battery charge
(even if one only gets such a precise reading
after roughly an hour's work); secondly check 2
that there aren't't any anomalies (see paragra-
ph "MDI CAN ALARMS" in the more specific
manual supplied).
Fig.4.3 - Parking brake button + Ignition key

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
8) Gradually press the forwards pedal to move

3
forwards (Fig.4.5 Part.1) and the reverse pe-
dal to move backwards (Fig.4.5 Part.2).
9) Gradually press the control pedal to move in

the desired direction; the pedal acts as an
accelerator so the more one presses on it, the
more the speed increases.
10) As soon as the forklift starts moving check that 1 2

the brakes (Fig.4.5 Part.3) work properly.
Fig.4.5 - Brake pedal + forward gear / reverse
11) Avoid turning the steering wheel whilst the
forklift is stationary as the tyres could get da-
maged.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
5 - OPERATING IN SAFE CONDITIONS
5.1 - DRIVING AND CONTROL POSITION
- ATTENTION -
WHEN THE OPERATOR ASSIGNED TO USING THE LOADER GETS INTO
THE DRIVER’S CAB, HE MUST NECESSARILY KNOW THE MEANING AND FUNCTION
OF ALL THE DRIVING AND CONTROL MEMBERS.
12 1 2 3
11
Pictures are taken with dismounted component

1 - REVOLVING LAMP
2 - WINDSCREEN WIPER
9 3 - INTERNAL REAR VIEW MIRROR

4 - STEERING
5 - STEERING SHAFT COLUMN
6 6 - HANDBRAKE BUTTON
7 - DIGITAL HOURMETER
8 - BUBBLE
9 10 9 - SERVICE BRAKE
10 - THROTTLE
11 - HYDRAULIC LIFTING UNIT CONTROL LEVERS
(OR JOYSTICK)
12 - SEAT
Fig.5.1 - Machine Cab

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
If necessary, it is possible to adjust some of these members to make them easily accessible and mano-
euvrable for your own body (e.g. steering wheel, seat, etc.).
1 - REVOLVING LAMP
(Fig.5.1 Pos."1")
It can be operated by means of the switch on the dashboard.
2 - WINDSCREEN WIPER
(Fig.5.1 Pos."2")
It can be operated by means of the switch at the top on the windscreen wiper motor.
3 - INTERNAL REAR VIEW MIRROR

(Fig.5.1 Pos."3")
- ATTENTION:
It is absolutely necessary to adjust it before starting the engine.
4 - STEERING
(Fig.5.1 Pos."4")
It is necessary to adjust it (by means of the lever on the right of the steering shaft) in the most comforta-
ble manner for your own body; close to the steering shaft (and therefore adjustable with it) is also incor-
porated the switch unit which is used to carry out the various drive controls.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
5 - STEERING SHAFT COLUMN

(Fig.5.1 Pos."5")
- ATTENTION:
It is necessary to adjustment in the most comfortable manner for you
Built into the steering column (and therefore adjustable with it), the switch unit and the control dashboard
are also incorporated with the various command and control instruments (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3).
Pictures are taken with dismounted component

Fig.5.2 - Shaft column

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
6 - HANDBRAKE BUTTON Pictures are taken with dismounted component

(Fig.5.1 Pos."6") for better understanding
The parking brake acts on the callipers fitted on

the differential disk. This is a negative brake,
that means that it starts to work when there is no
hydraulic pressure.
The emergency button, if activated, stops

- Free wheels (parking brake) and active functions
(emergency Button) (Fig.5.3 Pos."A"). A
- Free wheels (parking Brake) and inactive functions
(emergency Button) (Fig.5.3 Pos."B").
- ATTENTION: B
One must activate the parking brake each time
the forklift has to stop or remain stationary for
Fig.5.3 - Handbrake button
long periods.
- ATTENTION:
One must activate the emergency brake every
time the operator finds himself or is about to find
himself in a dangerous situation with the forklift or
in the event one must instantly block the forklift's
functions.
- ATTENTION:
To distinguish the two buttons see the layout on
the pillar.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7 - DIGITAL HOURMETER
(Fig.5.1 Pos."7")
8 - BUBBLE
(Fig.5.1 Pos."8")
9 - SERVICE BRAKE
(Fig.5.1 Pos."9")
10 - THROTTLE
(Fig.5.1 Pos."10") Left pedal Right pedal
FORWARD GEAR REVERSE GEAR
Figure 5.4 Indicates the movement enabled by

the accelerator pedal moving forwards:
Pos. A - Stationary machine
Pos. B - Accelerates the activated gear (forwards)
Fig.5.4 - Left accelerator pedal / forward gear
Figure 5.5 Indicates the movement enabled by

the accelerator pedal in reverse gear:
Pos. A - Stationary machine
Pos. B - Accelerates the activated gear (reverse gear)
11 - HYDRAULIC UNIT CONTROLS LEVERS

(OR JOYSTICK)
(Fig.5.1 Pos."11") Fig.5.5 - Right accelerator pedal / reverse gear
They are used to move the forks
12 - SEAT
(Fig.5.1 Pos."12")
By acting on the levers and knobs at the base of

the seat is possible to adjust its closeness to the
steering, its height, its angle and rigidity.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
HYDRAULIC MOVEMENT CONTROL: LEVER VERSION

(Fig.5.6)
1 2
OPTIONAL
Furnished upon request
3
4
Fig.5.6 - Control Levers
The levers shown in (Fig.5.6) have the following functions:
RIGHT FORK MOVEMENT (optional)

1 - Pulling it towards you, the right fork lifts while the left one remains stationary.
- Pushing it, the right fork lowers while the left one remains stationary.
FORK LIFTING
2 - Pulling it towards you, the forks lift with respect to the chassis.
- Pushing it, the forks lower with respect to the chassis.
FORK ANGLING
3 - Pulling it towards you gives the forks a positive angle.
- Pushing it gives the forks a negative angle.
LIFTING UNIT OUT

4 - Pulling it towards you, the unit goes inside the chassis.
- Pushing it, the unit comes out of the chassis.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
HYDRAULIC MOVEMENT CONTROL: JOYSTICK VERSION

(Fig.5.7) (Fig.5.8)
OPTION
A 1 2 A
3
2
C
C
1
B D
D
B
Fig.5.7 - Control Lever Fig.5.8 - Control Lever with double roller
The lever represented in (Fig.5.7) has the following The lever represented in (Fig.5.8) has the following fun-
functions: ctions:
MOVEMENT A - lowers forks. MOVEMENT A - lowers forks.

MOVEMENT B - raises forks. MOVEMENT B - raises forks.
MOVEMENT C - mast emerges from the chassis. MOVEMENT C - mast emerges from the chassis.
MOVEMENT D - retraction of mast. MOVEMENT D - retraction of mast.
Using buttons 1 and 2 (which electrically activate one MOVEMENT 1+D – Vertical mouvable fork lifting.
or two electro hydraulic VALVES)
in addition to movements C and D above, the following MOVEMENT 1+C – Vertical mouvable fork lowering.
functions are also possible:
MOVEMENT 2+A – backwards tilt of forks.
MOVEMENT 1-D - forward tilt of the forks.
MOVEMENT 1-C - backwards tilt of forks. MOVEMENT 2+B – forward tilt of the forks.
MOVEMENT 2-D - raising of forks positioner (OPTIO-
NAL). MOVEMENT 3+A – Forks positioner opening.
MOVEMENT 2-C - lowering of forks positioner (OP-
TIONAL). MOVEMENT 3+B – Forks positioner closure.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
5.2 - DASHBOARD WITH WARNING LIGHTS AND CONTROLS
In the following pictures is represented the steering column layout.
Pictures are taken with dismounted

component for better understanding
4 5
8 7
6
1 9 2
Fig.5.7 - Steering shaft column
1. HAZARD LIGHT BUTTON 5. DIAGNOSTIC TOOL (*)

2. KEY LOCK 6. LIGHTS DEFLECTOR
3. PARKING BRAKE BUTTON 7. POWER INDICATOR LIGHTS
4. MACHINE LOCK BUTTON 8. ADJUSTABLE STEERING HANDLE
* The Joysticjk version require another instrument.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
5.3 - DASHBOARD and WARNING LIGHTS
The layout of the dashboard and its warning lights is shown in the following illustrations.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
Fig.5.8 - Dashboard and its warning lights
POS. COLOR WARNING LIGHT
1 Red Insufficient pressure in the brakes circuit

2 Red Light indicator mast out
3 Green Available indicator
4 Red Available indicator
5 Red Parking Brake
6 Green Side liaghts
7 Blue Beam lights
8 Green Direction indicators

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
5.4 - DASHBOARD CONTROL LEVER
The layout of the dashboard and its levers is shown in the following illustrations.
LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE
Drawing are taken with dismounted component

LEFT SIDE FRONT
Fig.5.9 - Dashboard control lever

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
3
A 6
1
4
2 5
1. CLACSON 4. LIGHTS (Rotation movement)
2. LEFT TURN INDICATOR 0 – Lights off
3. RIGHT TURN INDICATOR I – Parking lights
II – Headlamps
5. BEAM (FIXED)
6. BEAM (ONE FLASH)
5.5 - KEYS
The layout of the dashboard and its levers is shown in the following illustrations.
Fig.5.10 - Keys
P1 - AVAILABLE OPTIONS P5 - AVAILABLE OPTIONS

P2 - BEAM LIGHT P6 - CABIN HEATING FAN
P3 - AVAILABLE OPTIONS P7 - BEACON LIGHT
P4 - AVAILABLE OPTIONS

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
5.6 - ACCESS TO THE DRIVING CAB
Enter the driving cab using the appropriate steps (Fig.5.11 Pos."1") which are part of the chassis.
Take hold of the handle (Fig.5.11 Pos."2") to facilitate climbing and entry into the cab.
Fig.5.11 - Access to the driving cab
Accessing the driving cab by resting your feet on the tyre or on any other resting point not allowed
for in this manual IS PROHIBITED
PROHIBITED..
Accessing the driving cab by using the steering wheel as a hold IS PROHIBITED
PROHIBITED..
Both the entrance platform and the cab platform are surfaces made in bulb plate to help reduce the risk
of operator slipping during entrance/exit.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
After being seated in the driving cab, close the

door when working with a closed cab or, in case
of an open cab, fasten the chain into its hook.
Fig.5.12 - Closed door
Fasten your seatbelt making sure that it is pro-

perly closed and tightened.
Operating this machine without your seatbelt

fastened IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED
PROHIBITED..
Sit properly in the centre of the seat before

activating the loader switch located on the
seat itself. If closing has not be performed
properly the vehicle will remain in neutral.
Fig.5.13 - Fasten seatbelt
Tampering with the side window (loading

side) ((Fig.5.14
Fig.5.14 Pos."1"
Pos."1")) which is not protec 1
ted by a metal grille IS PROHIBITED
PROHIBITED..
Fig.5.14 - Protection grille

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
5.7 - STARTING UP AND DRIVING THE TRUCK
After checking and acquired all the meanings of symbols and various commands on the machine, care-
fully follow all instructions given previously in the "Setup".
Procedre before using the machine:
- ATTENTION:
- Make sure the forks do not touch the ground, but are lifted by at least 15-20 cm.
- Make sure the lifting unit is fully withdrawn.
- Make sure no one is close by the machine or on the route it has to make.
For driving, proceed as follows:
1) Remove the parking brake.
2) Depress the pedal forward or backward depending on the desired direction.
3) As soon as the truck moves, check whether the brakes operate properly.
4) To increase the travelling speed it is sufficient to accelerate the engine; it is not possible to reverse
gear while the truck is moving.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
5.8 - FORKING AND LIFTING THE LOAD
- ATTENTION:
When using the loader it is always necessary to bear in mind the OPERATING LIMITS AND CONDI-
TIONS chapter.
1) Stop the loader sufficiently close to the centre of the load to be transported.
- ATTENTION:
If the load should not be centred, move slowly with the truck so as to be able to lift safely.
2) Lock the rear wheels with the handbrake.
- ATTENTION -
KEEP THE TRUCK PLATFORM
IN HORIZONTAL POSITION.
The platform is checked to be horizontal
by the spirit level inside the cabin.
3) Slowly move the lifting unit out and if necessary correct the angle of the forks at the same time.
- ATTENTION:
When the load touches the base of the fork, stop immediately and do not knock it so as not to
give the load a dangerous tilt.
4) Gradually lift the forks to bring them into contact with the load.
5) Tilt the forks upwards

(tramite comando inclinazione telaio o inclinazione staffe qualora questa si presente).
6) Lift the load (or lower it if you have forked high up) to a height just above the loading platform.
7) Slowly move the lifting unit in and rest the load on the platform of the truck after the unit has fully withdrawn.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
5.9 - TRANSPORTING THE LOAD
Transport the load bearing in mind the following points:
1) Disconnect the parking break lever.
2) Make sure the load is at the centre of the platform and does not protrude from the platform.
3) If the load is formed of bulky pieces of different shapes, make sure it is fixed well and lowered onto the platform.
4) While the truck is travelling, make no sudden movements or bumps so as not to make the load slip.
5) It is advisable, and is not normally necessary, to push the engine to top speed.
- ATTENTION:
While travelling, the load must be resting on the platform and the operator must limit the speed of the
truck so as not to make the load fall and possibly avoid braking sharply.
5.10 - DEPOSITING THE LOAD
1) Approach the point for setting down the load, putting the truck in the right position and trying to stop it
as close as possible to the centre of the point.
2) Apply the parking brake lever.
3) Tilt the forks upwards and lift the load just as far as necessary for setting it down.
4) Make the lifting unit slowly come out until the load is in the right position over the load beneath or over
the ground.
5) Turn the forks into the right position for correctly setting down.
6) Slowly lower the load until it rests on the load beneath or on the ground.
7) Make the lifting unit withdraw, tilting the forks downwards to help the forks come out should they force
down on the load deposited.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
5.11 - STOPPING THE TRUCK
Before stopping the truck it is advisable to:
1) Check that the lifting unit has fully withdrawn (with the appropriate pilot lamp as well).
2) Before stopping the engine lower the forks onto the ground.
3) Put the gear lever into neutral.
4) Apply the handbrake.
5) Remove the contact key making sure the lights are off.
6) Close the windows and lock the door.
Every time one opens the door, opening it to the limit, a locking device comes into action (Fig.5.15
Pos."1") that operates on the door.
To open the door from the inside pull the handle (Fig.5.15 Pos."2") to the left to release the lock.
Fig.5.15 - Door opening

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
6 - FAILURES, CAUSES AND RELATIVE REMEDIES
6.1 - ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY
To allow assembling and dismantling the loader, check the SPARE PARTS CATALOGUE is included with
the material supplied along with the machine in order to give it to the qualified personnel who have to
carry out the above operations.
- PROHIBITION -
It IS ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN for private individuals who are not qualified or authorized
by BP s.r.l. to dismantle or reassemble the machine
It is always necessary to call qualified workshops and anyhow always
use the spare parts of the loader manufacturer.
6.2 - TROUBLE-SHOOTING
1) The hydraulic oil is low. 1) Stop the motor and add hydraulic oil.
2) Hydraulic pump shaft broken. 2) Replace the hydraulic pump.
3) Electric pump engine or pump 3) Verify the cause of the breakdown
breakdown. and repair it
4) Worn electric pump brushes. 4) Replace brushes
5) Distributor microswitch 5) Replace microswitch
contacts breakage or fusion. 6) Replace chopper pump
6) Chopper pump breakdown 7) Check wiring
A - No hydraulic movement
on the electric panel
7) Wiring defect
(for example oxidized contact)
2) Air is entering 2) Check the intake flange
into the pump’s intake. and the flexible intake tube.
B - Hydraulic pump noisy 3) Replace the pump, clean the tank
3) The pump has been damaged
by low pressure or dirt. and change the hydraulic oil filter.
1) Air is entering 1) Check the intake flange

into the pump’s intake. and the flexible intake tube.
2) The oil is of poor quality. 2) Empty the tank, wash it out and refill
C - The hydraulic oil foams 3) The hydraulic oil is low. it with good quality hydraulic oil.
3) Stop the motor and add hydraulic oil.
2) The oil is of poor quality. 2) Empty the tank and fill it with new oil.
D - The hydraulic pump overheats 3) Air is entering 3) Check the intake flange and the fle-
into the pump’s intake. xible intake tube.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
1) The pmp pressure 1) Check the pump capacity.

and capacity are insufficient. In the event of insufficient pressure
2) There is air within replace the hydraulic pump.
the hydraulic circuit. 2) Loosen the hydraulic tubes
3) The power steering on the steering jack and turn
is defective or damaged. the steering wheel right and left
E - The steering is stiff 4) The steering jack shaft is bent. to empty the oil out of he tubes.
5) The steering jack beam Make sure to re-tighten the tubes
is scratched. afterwards.
3) - 4) – 5) Replace.
1) The steering jack seals 1) Disassemble the steering jack

F- When turning the steering are broken. and replace the seals.
wheel the wheels do not move 2) The hydraulic oil is low. 2) Add oil.
3) The power steering defective. 3) Replace.
1) The load exceeds 1) Check the weight of the load and reduce it.
the machine’s capacity. 2) Stop the motor and add hydraulic oil.
2) The hydraulic oil is low. 3) Replace the pump, clean the tank
3) The pump has been damaged and change the hydraulic oil filter.
by low pressure or dirt. 4) Dismantle the lifting jack
4) The lifting jack seals are broken. and replace the gaskets.
5) The distributor max. pressure 5) Disassemble, inspect, clean and
valve is not properly calibrated reassemble the valve. Recalibrate
or is partially open.
G - The machine cannot lift the load 6) Blocked distributor element cursor.
the valve with a nominal carriage load.
6) Disassemble the distributor’s
7) The lifting jack piston
sliding element. Blow inside,
or cylinder is damaged.
8) Potentiometer on the clean it out and reassemble it.
damaged or altered distributor. 7) Change the piston and,
9) Distributor microswitch if necessary, the cylinder.
contacts breakage or fusion. 8) Replace or recalibrate
10)Chopper pump breakdown the lifting potentiometer
on the electric panel. 9) Replace the microswitch
11) Wiring defect 10) Replace chopper pump
(for example oxidized contact) 11) Check wiring
1) The lifting jack seals are broken. 1) Change the seals.

H-The forks lower them 2) The distributor sliding 2) Disassemble the distributor’s
selves without the control element is blocked. sliding element. Blow inside,
lever being used and without 3) The distributor clean it out and reassemble it.
any external oil leakage check valve is open. 3) Disassemble it, clean it out
and reassemble it.
I - For all other hydraulic

movements, see the checks to
be performed in points G and H
2) The pump has been damaged 2) Replace the pump, clean the tank
by low pressure or dirt. and change the hydraulic oil filter.
3) The distributor max. pressure 3) Disassemble, inspect, clean and
valve is not properly calibrated reassemble the valve. Recalibrate
or is partially open. the valve with a nominal carriage load.
L - Hydraulic movements slow 4) The distributor or tubing 4) Disassemble the tubing and
is blocked. the distributor. Clean and reassemble.
5) There are excessive 5) Change the whole distributor
gaps between the various (though it is recommended
elements of the distributor. to replace only the defective part)
6) The distributor seals are worn. 6) Disassemble and replace.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
1) The distributor element 1) Disassemble the distributor’s

return spring is broken. sliding element and replace the spring.
2) The distributor sliding element is 2) Disassemble the distributor’s
M - The control levers do not blocked due to impurities or due to sliding element. If there are impurities
return to the “O” position overly precise working tolerance. or other substances, wipe the sliding
element with sandpaper in order
to make the sliding element fit
properly against the distributor.
1) There are large brake-shoe gaps. 1) Adjust them and align them
2) The brake pads are worn or broken. with the adjustment screws.
3) The pedal can be pushed 2) Replace them with new ones.
N - Weak brakes to the limit with ease. 3) Add brake oil, perform air bleeding,
4) Wheel brake cylinders oil leak. or change main pump gaskets.
4) Replace cylinder gaskets,
wash the friction lining and reassemble.
1) Differential crown wheel and pinion 1) Adjust it with appropriate stoppers,
O - The brake does not release with a lot of play or epicycloidal repair the reduction unit.
reduction unit breakdown.
1) Flat traction batteries. 1) Recharge the batteries.

2) Broken differential axle shaft. 2) Dismantle it and replace it.
3) Completely worn 3) Replace brushes.
electric traction engine brushes. 4) Replace broken part of gasket.
4) Breakage in the transmission 5) Verify the cause
joint between the electric traction of the breakdown and repair it.
engine and the differential. 6) Perform the manoeuvres
5) Breakdown in the electric in the correct sequence.
P- The forward and reverse traction engine. 7) Replace the microswitch
6) Start-up manoeuvres or the potentiometer.
control lever does not in incorrect sequence. 8) Replace the gear diverter.
make the carriage move 7) Gear microswitch contacts 9) Replace chopper traction.
breakage or fusion or gear 10) Check wiring.
potentiometer breakage
(both placed on the accelerator pedal).
8) Gear diverter fused
or oxidized contacts.
9) Chopper pump breakdown
on the electric panel.
10) Wiring defect
(for example oxidized contact).
Q- The forward and reverse 1) Low battery charge. 1) Recharge the batteries.
2) The machine’s brakes are blocked. 2) Check the brakes.
control lever only makes 3) Recalibrate or possibly replace
3) Altered forward pedal potentiometer
the carriage move slowly, the potentiometer.
even while accelerating
1) The running guides 1) Add grease.
are not properly lubricated. 2) Shim the sliders so that they make
2) There are excessive gaps contact with the running guides,
between the sliders otherwise install new sliders.
and the running guides. 3) Replace it.
3) The jack shaft output is bent. 4) Grease them or replace them.
R- The outward/inward 4) The output roller pads 5) Stop the motor and add hydraulic oil.
movement of the lifting are broken or not lubricated. 6) Replace them.
unit is in bursts and irregular 5) The hydraulic oil is low. 7) Readjust them and block them
6) The output jack seals are broken. with the appropriate plate.
7) The pivoting output jack
heads are unscrewed and
therefore not properly adjusted.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
6.3 - MDI CAN ALARMS CODING

Here are the alarm codes of MDI CAN in the management of electronic traction and pump.
A01 CHOPPER RUNNING A51 RIGHT I=0 EVER

A02 NO COMMUNICATION A52 PUMP I=0 EVER
A03 UNKNOWN CHOPPER A53 STBY I HIGH
A04 CONSOLE EEPROM A54 LEFT STBY I HIGH
A05 SERIAL ERROR 2 A55 RGT STBY I HIGH
A06 SERIAL ERROR 1 A56 PUMP STBY I HIGH
A07 CHOPPER NOT CONFIG A57 HIGH FIELD CURR
A08 WATCHDOG A58 NO FIELD CURR
A09 FIELD FF FAILURE A59 HIGH BRAKING I
A10 EEPROM DATA KO A60 CAPACITOR CHARGE
A11 EEPROM PAR KO A61 HIGH TEMPERATURE
A12 EEPROM CONF KO A62 TH PROTECTION
A13 EEPROM KO A63 THERMIC LEVEL 2
A14 EEPROM OFFLINE A64 PUMP TEMPERATURE
A15 LOGIC FAILURE 5 A65 MOTOR TEMPERATURE
A16 LOGIC FAILURE 4 A66 BATTERY LOW
A17 LOGIC FAILURE 3 A67 BATTERY LEVEL 2
A18 LOGIC FAILURE 2 A68 BATTERY LEVEL 1
A19 LOGIC FAILURE 1 A69 CURRENT SENS KO
A20 FORW VMN LOW A70 POWER FAILURE 4
A21 FORW VMN HIGH A71 POWER FAILURE 3
A22 BACK VMN LOW A72 POWER FAILURE 2
A23 BACK VMN HIGH A73 POWER FAILURE 1
A24 LEFT VMN LOW A74 DRIVER SHORTED
A25 LEFT VMN HIGH A75 CONTACTOR DRIVER
A26 RIGHT VMN LOW A76 COIL SHORTED
A27 RIGHT VMN HIGH A77 COIL INTERRUPTED
A28 PUMP VMN LOW A78 VACC NOT OK
A29 PUMP VMN HIGH A79 INCORRECT START
A30 VMN LOW A80 FORW + BACK
A31 VMN HIGH A81 BAD STEER 0 SET
A32 VMN NOT OK A82 ENCODER ERROR
A33 NO FULL COND A83 BAD ENCODER SIGN
A34 RGT NO FULL COND A84 STEER SENS KO
A35 LFT NO FULL COND A85 STEER HAZARD
A36 PU NO FULL COND A86 PEDAL WIRE KO
A37 CONTACTOR CLOSED A87 PEDAL FAILURE
A38 CONTACTOR OPEN A88 TRACTION BRUSHES
A39 BRAKE DON' T CLOSED A89 PUMP BRUSHES
A40 BRAKE CONT OPEN A90 DRIVER 1 KO
A41 DIR CONT CLOSED A91 DRIVER 2 KO
A42 DIR CONT OPEN A92 DRIVER 1 SIC KO
A43 RIGHT CONT CLOSED A93 DRIVER 2 SIC KO
A44 RIGHT CONT OPEN A94 INPUT ERROR 6
A45 LEFT CONT CLOSED A95 INPUT ERROR 5
A46 LEFT CONT OPEN A96 INVERSION
A47 MAIN CONT CLOSED A97 POSITION HANDLE
A48 MAIN CONT OPEN A98 INPUT ERROR 2
A49 I=0 EVER A99 INPUT ERROR 1
A50 LEFT I=0 EVER
* In case of loaders bequipped with Joystick, the instrument manual will be provided

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7 - MAINTENANCE
7.1 - GENERAL
Every modification performed to the machine shall require the machine to be sub-
jected to an additional check for conformity to the machinery directive. The same pro-
cedure shall be required in cases of repairs performed with non-original spare parts.
All procedures or maintenance operations not described in this manual must be performed in
authorized workshops by qualified personnel.
The machine’s operators may only perform the following inspections: fluid level checks, air
filter cleaning, tire pressure checks. These operations must be performed in accordance with
the safety standards described in this manual.
The “Safety standards” must be read before moving on to this chapter.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.2 - PERIODICAL CHECKS AND REFUELLING
Part to refurnish What to replace Change Frequency Inspection frequency

1st after 200 h
Fuel tank Hydraulic oil Subsequently every 2000 h Every week
1st after 200 h Every week

Hydraulic oil filter cartridge Hydraulic oil Subsequently every 2000 h
1st after 200 h
Centre differential Oil 2nd after 600 h Every 300 hours
Subsequently every 3000 h
1st after 200 h
Terminal reducer differential Oil 2nd after 600 h Every 300 hours
Subsequently every 3000 h
1st after 150 h
Hydraulic oil filter
2nd ans Subsequently every 1000 h
Battery Distilled water Every week
Wheel column nuts Every day
Lifting chain When the extension exceeds 3% Every 300 hours
Forks and safety device check

Daily visual check
Brake oil tank Dot3 Dot4 In the tray located
only HT3-3,5EL
at the base of seat
- ATTENTION:
Remember that records of the periodic maintenance operations performed upon the machines
must be kept in accordance with legislative decree no. 626/94 and no. 359/99
- ATTENTION:
Keep the forklift clean and in good operative conditions, the cleaning frequency depends on
the work conditions, however it is good practice to do it once a month.
For maintenance and check over of any device, always keep to the single manufactures' ma-
nuals scrupulously and do not intervene blindly.
Only use original BP spare parts.
When the machine is stationary the forks must necessarily rest on the ground and be com-
pletely retracted into the frame.
Before performing any maintenance intervention on the machine, one must:
- activate the parking brake;
- remove the keys from the dashboard and ensure that nobody can start the forklift.
- ATTENTION:
In the event of a maintenance intervention underneath the left front-rear wheel opening, one
must lower the frame tilting levers completely so that the cylinders are at there limit (closed);
one must in fact consider that the frame oscillates on the axle pins, so one just has to remo-
ve a frame tilting lever pipe for the frame to subside dangerously.
Never mix hydraulic oil with other oils.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.3 - MAIN POINTS FOR REFUELLING AND CHECKING
TABLE N.1 shows the general diagram of the points for refuelling and checking
TABLE N°1
2 6 8
9 3 4
14
1 5 7
13
10 12 11
1 - Hydraulic oil filter

2 - Hydraulic oil tank cap
3 - Male plug for battery connection
4 - Female plug for battery connection
5 - Front wheel column nuts
6 - Hydraulic oil level caps
7 - Back wheel column nuts
8 - Main battery pack
9 - Filtering battery gas outlets
10 - Rear right battery pack
11 - Differential final reducer oil injection cap (only HT4EL - HT5EL - HT6L - HT7EL)
12 - Differential central part oil injection cap
13 - Wheel hub cap
14 - Front battery pack

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
It will always be necessary to refer to TABLE N°1 and the following paragraphs of this chapter in order to
provide correct maintenance and always keep the truck efficient, safe, clean and in good working order;
- ATTENTION:
to this end it is wise to:
- Use only genuine BP s.r.l. spare parts.
- When the engine is switched off the forks must necessarily be resting on the ground and be
fully withdrawn into the chassis.
- Before carrying out any maintenance work on the machine, it is necessary to:
1) switch off the engine;
2) apply the parking brake;
3) remove the keys from the dashboard and make sure no one can restart the engine.
- ATTENTION:
- In the case of maintenance work under the left front-rear wheel compartment, it is necessary
to fully lower the frame angling cylinders so that the cylinders are perfectly at the limit stop
(closed); it is in fact necessary to bear in mind that the frame oscillates on the pins of the ax-
les, SO IT IS SUFFICIENT TO DISCONNECT A PIPE OF THE FRAME ANGLING CYLINDERS TO
OBTAIN DANGEROUS ARRANGEMENTS OF THE FRAME!
Check and possibly grease and oil all the parts requiring it at the foreseen lubricating points
(see par. “LUBRICATION AND GREASING”).
Always check the tightness of the nuts and bolts.

Keep the lifting chains properly tightened (both to the same extent) and greased.
Always keep all the stays of the various controls in a good state of repair (if this is not done there
would be such play as not to allow precise and rapid manoeuvres).
Constantly check there are no leaks on the hydraulic pipes and in which case eliminate them promptly.
Keep the tyres at the right pressure and periodically check them.
Do not neglect maintenance and overhaul, this would impair the reliability of the vehicle.
When a defect occurs, do not ignore it, stop the truck and check.
Never operate on mechanical parts unless you are qualified or without the appropriate equipment.
Do not run the hydraulic pump dry or with little oil: it would get irreparably damaged.
Do not force the flexible hoses.
Do not tamper with leaded seals, seals, plates and signs applied by the manufacturer.
To order spare parts always indicate the truck chassis number.
Every time the hydraulic fittings are disconnected it is advisable to put on new copper or aluminium
seals before refitting them.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.4 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
As we have repeatedly said, the forklift's electronic system's batteries have a voltage equal to 80 Volts
or 96 Volts (for model HT6EL - HT7EL).
Since on the other hand the electric system works on 12 Volts, and that there are no other batteries with
such voltage on the forklift, it is easy to understand that there is an instrument able to transform part of
the current from 80 to 12 Volts (96 Volts - for model HT6EL - HT7EL).
Such instrument is called "transformer" and it is placed next to the frame underneath the rear loading
platform; its task is to supply 12 V current to the lighting system (front lights, rear lights, work light, rever-
se light and rotating light), to the acoustic system (horn and reverse bleeper), to the windscreen wiper
and to the dashboard instruments in the cab (see chart - ELECTRIC SYSTEM LAYOUT).
Fig.7.2 - Electrical System

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.4.1 - ELECTRICAL POWER
The main functions that an electric forklift needs to operate correctly, are regulated by the electronic system.
The main elements that compose it are:
ENGINE ELECTRIC TRACTION

\
By closing the circuit that connects the positive pole to the negative pole one achieves direct electric
current that if transmitted to an electric engine, activates it. Its rotation supplies the mechanical energy
necessary for the movements the forklift requires.
\
The electric traction engine, through its direct connection with the differential inlet, transmits the mo-
tion to the rear wheels.
\
As previously mentioned, the electric traction engine HT4EL and HT5EL (27x10-12" tyres) is an
asynchronous engine, powered by alternating current, with 80 V battery voltage and 20 KW power.
\
For models HT3EL and HT3,5EL, the engine is 14KW 80 V in AC.

\
For models HT6EL, HT7L, and HT5EL (300x15 tyres) the engine is 32 4KW 96 V in AC.
ENGINE ELECTRIC PUMP

\
The electric pump engine is placed underneath the front loading platform; this second engine also
works with the same criteria of the previous one, only that this one, transmits motion to a hydraulic
pump flanged on it rather than to the wheels.
\
The’latter, by pumping oil to the various levers, allows to achieve all the desired hydraulic movements.
\
The electric traction engine for the HT4EL and HT5EL models is an asynchronous engine, powered
by alternating current, with 80 V battery voltage and 20 KW power.
\
For models HT3EL and HT3,5EL, the engine is 17KW 80 V in AC.

\
For models HT6EL, HT7L and HT5EL (300x15 tyres), the engine is 23KW 96 V in DC.
ELECTRONIC PANEL
\
The high frequency electronic panel translates all pulses received from the operator and from the in-
struments connected to it into commands or alerts and it is placed between the main battery pack and
the hydraulic tank, covered by a protective shield.
\
It is divided internally into two physically separate blocks: the first one (traction inverter) that deals
with problems that affect traction and the second one (pump inverter) deals with everything to do with
the hydraulic pump.
\
Should everything proceed perfectly, the panel translates everything that is required of it into exact
commands; on the other hand, in the event the operator sends control pulses from the cab in an in-
correct sequence, or in the event that an element may breakdown, the panel will no longer perform
the command, but it will send an alert message to the operator in the cab.
\
These messages are sent to the charge indicator leds, that via different flashing, give the operator a
diagnosis for each case.
\
To find out the complete list of the various diagnosis and relative flashing lights, consult the "MDI CAN
manual" regarding the electronic system, or alternatively page 47 of this manual.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.4.2 - BATTERY PACKS - RECHARGING AND TOP UP

- The Loader mounts 3 battery packs connected between each other to form one accumulator with
80 V or 98 V current and variable amperage, depending on the Model.
This triple distribution of the battery weights, ensure better balancing of the side loader.
CHART N.6 - BATTERY PACK CONNECTION
-
PRESA BATTERIA
BATTERY CONNECT
BATTERIA
BATTERY
+ + -
+
- BATTERIA
BATTERY
BATTERIA
BATTERY
-
+
To recharge the batteries use an appropriate rectifier and, with regards to the latter, periodically
verify its efficiency, the integrity of the connection wires and of the relative connectors.
Do not draw current from the batteries with plugs, pliers or temporary contacts.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.4.3 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM SAFETY
- ATTENTION:
All maintenance and repair operations must be carried out by specialised, authorised personnel.
- PROHIBITED:
Unauthorised or improperly qualified personnel cannot perform machine operations.
- ATTENTION:
Any operation performed on the electrical system must be carried out while the machine is not
being powered electrically. Restart power only after operations are complete and covers and
guards have been replaced.
- Only use the battery switch (where present) to switch off machine power.
- If the connector is damaged or will no longer stay inserted in its housing, replace immediately to
prevent short circuits, sparks, etc.
- ATTENTION:
Damaged, pinched or burned cables must be replaced immediately even if damage is detected
only on the sheath or external insulation.
- Do not perform or interrupt any connection on a charted circuit, with the battery connection inserted, with the
motor in movement.
- Never ground short circuit any charge components
- Non usare una batteria ausiliaria con tensione nominale superiore a 12volt.
- Observe correct polarity when installing batteries or using an auxiliary battery for the starter with the cables.
Follow the instructions in the manual and use manutenzioine when you start the car with the cables.
- IMPORTANT:
THE BATTERY AND WASTE OIL MUST NOT BE DISPOSED OF IN THE ENVIRONMENT BUT AT
SPECIAL POINTS OF COLLECTION.
7.4.4 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
- ATTENTION:
ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS are illustrated in the appendix found at the back of this manual.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.5 - WHEELS AND TYRES
- VERY IMPORTANT -
DURING MAINTENANCE OF THE WHEELS AND RIMS,
IT IS MANDATORY THAT THE SERVICE ENGINEER BE PROVIDED
WITH ALL APPROPRIATE INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEANS (DPI)
Wheels Inflating pressure table
Herein after the table showing the proper indication for wheels inflating pressures.
MODEL RIM PRESSURE
HT3-3,5EL 23X9 - 10 10 bar
HT4-5EL 27X10 - 12 10 bar
HT6EL - HT5EL (opt.) 300 - 15 9 bar
HT7EL 32X12,1 - 15 10 bar
Torque
Herein after the table showing the proper indication for torque.
MODEL COUPLE
HT3-3,5EL 340 Nm
HT4-5EL 340 Nm
HT6EL - HT5EL (opt.) 430 Nm
HT7EL 430 Nm

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
- ATTENTION:
CHECK TYRE PRESSURE UPON RECEIPT OF THIS MACHINE.
- Pressure should be checked when tyres are cool.

- Before each use, verify that the sides of the tyres are not damaged.
- The stability and safety of the loader during movement depend entirely on this.
Daily working day checks are to be performed with a control gauge, followed by a visual
inspection carried out by an operator to see if any of the tyres are more deflated than others.
- Keep oil, grease and corrosive liquids away from tyres to prevent tyre deterioration.
- Tyre pressure must always be at the level indicated in the table supplied by the manufacturer.
- Check mounted tyre measurements and tyre ply number to obtain proper inflation pressure.
- Do not use tyres worn more than 80% for maximised efficiency.
- ATTENTION:
TYRES WITH CUTS OR EXCESSIVE WEAR MUST BE REPLACED IMMEDIATELY.
- ATTENTION -
INFLATING OR SERVICING TYRES CAN BE DANGEROUS.
WHENEVER POSSIBLE, USE SPECIALISED PERSONNEL TO SERVICE OR INSTALL TYRES. IN ANY
CASE,TOPREVENTSERIOUSORMORTALINJURY,RESPECTALLSAFETYPRECAUTIONSLISTEDBELOW.
- ATTENTION -
ALL THE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS ON THE WHEELS OR ON THE MECHANICAL ORGANS
CONNECTED TO THE WHEELS MUST BE CARRIED OUT WITH DEFLATED TYRES.
- Machine wheels are heavy and must be handled with care.

- Never attempt to repair a tyre on a public road or highway.
- Check that the car jack has been positioned on a solid, flat surface.
- Check that the car jack has a suitable load capacity for lifting the machine.
- Never place any parts of your body under the machine.
- Never switch on the motor while the machine is on a car jack.
- Never hit a tyre or tyre rim with a hammer.
- Check that tyre rims are clean and without rust or damage.
Do not weld, solder or repair rims in any way or use a damaged rim.
- Never inflate a tyre without its rim mounted on the machine of fastened
in such a way that it cannot move, if the tyre or rim should break suddenly.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.5.1 - RIMS AND WHEELS: USE, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY RULES
7.5.1.1 - General recommendations
A perfect efficiency as well as a good condition of any vehicle also depends on the correct use and on
constant maintenance of its components. Wheels and rims are essential components in terms of safety;
therefore, they must always guarantee full reliability. For this reason, they require special care and pe-
riodic checks. However, many users do not pay enough attention to these rules and sometimes tend to
neglect essential precautions, which can lead to serious risks.
Wheels and rims in operation are subjected to numerous and complex stress transmitted by the tyre and
produced by radial, axial, tangential loads and collisions, which are continuously variable and, therefo-
re, hard to assess. Rims and wheels are built to guarantee reliability and durability. Nevertheless, the
intended use maximum performance can be largely exceeded, for instance, if the vehicle if the vehicle
travels with considerable overload, after irregular inflation pressure, due to a reduced resistance capacity
caused by corrosion, wear or local deformations. In all these cases the rim presents different and heavier
stress patterns than that for which they were designed for, resulting in a reduction of the safety margin.
This is why it is so important to carry out frequent and accurate checks, intensifying them under seve-
re use conditions, like when going over uneven roads or for heavy loads and high inflating pressures.
7.5.1.2 - Maintenance and checks on rims and wheel discs
Once removed the cover, carefully inspect the rim or the wheel throughout their circumference, especial-
ly if the vehicle has passed through stretches of road with flat tyre. Accurately clean the rim and ring sur-
face clean through sandblasting or simply with a metal brush.
Rust as well as rubber, lubricant or any other foreign residues, must be completely removed, especially
in correspondence of the tyre heel, of the rim components contact areas in the versions with removable
rings, and on hub attachment face, in order to guarantee a perfect housing and coupling of the parts.
Rims and rings that are deformed or dented due to collisions or weakened by excessive corrosion, or
presenting cracks or ruptures, are to be removed. All defective parts must always be replaced, since they
are essential elements in terms of safety and security.
The “safety” section of the ETRTO Data Book, the European organisation composed of the major tyre, rim
and wheel manufacturers, provides accurate and strict indications: “damaged or deformed wheels must
not be used – rims or discs with cracks or ruptures must not, under any circumstance, be repaired
or welded”. Any replacement must obviously be carried out with other items of the same type, with identi-
cal section, diameter, profile and size. In rims and rings for industrial vehicles and trailers, the utmost atten-
tion must be paid to avoid using apparently similar pieces that do not guarantee perfect interchangeability.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.5.1.3 - Troubleshooting
Below are listed some typical inconveniences that may occur during the use of rims and wheels and their
possible causes.
Rim
- cracks in correspondence of the tyre heels or of the ring hook due to overload or operation with
irregular inflating pressure.
- deformations and dents on the wheel edges, due to collisions with obstacles or to the use of
unsuited mounting tools.
Lock ring – side ring

- deformations and ruptures due to collisions with obstacles or to an incorrect mounting or demounting.
- excessive wear due to rust or corrosion, resulting from an insufficient protection.
Mounting and demounting safety
Some specifications provide the instructions for mounting and demounting some particular types of rims.
Even for these operations, the “road safety” section of the ETRTO Data Book gives recommendations to
be carefully followed to prevent negligence and errors that can result in serious injuries. The same rules
are contained in other publications regarding safety, distributed by NHTSA- USA, integrated with proce-
dures and rules that have been made mandatory in USA by OSHA. First of all, before carrying out any
check or intervention on rims and wheels, the tyre must be COMPLETELY DEFLATED.
This rule must be observed not only before removing the tyre from the rim, but also before loosening the
vehicle fixing nuts, especially in case of twin wheels where it is particularly difficult to detect the presence
of damages to the cover or to the internal wheel rim. For a quick and complete air discharge, remove the
central body of the valve and, for safety, press on the casing in order to guarantee that all the air is actual-
ly expelled (any dirt or particles of extraneous matter in the air chamber could obstruct the valve, leaving
a dangerous pressure). Only then can the cover removal operations begin, either using tyre demounting
equipment or manually, using levers, and avoiding any inappropriate action that could damage the rim or
the tyre heels. After an accurate examination of the pieces condition and the replacement of those not
conform, as described above, and before proceeding to mounting operations, the surfaces need to be
protected with a good antirust varnish ensuring an effective abrasion resistance. Tyre mounting must be
carried out by applying lubricant onto the heels and corresponding seats on the rim. The lubricant must
be free from solvents harmful to rubber. Only lubricants recommended by tyre manufacturers are to be
used. As for rims with removable rings, once the components have been accurately placed in their seats,
a first brief air intake up to approximately 0.3 bar can be performed with the rim in horizontal position.
Make sure that the rings are concentric and regularly housed in their seats. The ring stroke-mounting can
be made easier by hitting with a soft material mallet during this first inflation stage. In case of unsatisfac-
tory results or doubts, deflate the cover and repeat the operation. As for inflating the tyre at the prescri-
bed pressure, the wheel is introduced in a safety 'cage' made from sturdy pipes or steel profiles, capable
of bearing the thrust caused by the possible burst of the cover or by the rim rupture. The pressure control
must be carried out at a suitable distance. The cage must be anchored to the ground or to a wall and
must have enough free space around to absorb the effects of a possible quick pressure air expansion.
Before mounting the disc wheels onto the hub, make sure that the attachment surface is smooth and cle-
an and that the nuts and studs are in good conditions.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
Rim in 3 components
- Side ring with heel seat in a single continuous component, obtained from a special laminated profile.
- Both seats with a 5° conicity - ensure a regular attachment as well as an effective tyre heel blocking.
- Basic continuous ring, with variable thickness and adapted to stress in every point.
- Valve eyelet in the centre of the rim, for tyres with air chamber
- Lock ring
7.5.1.4 - Mounting instructions
Attach the basic rim with the hook facing upwards onto the supports. Insert the tyre, after having spread the
suited lubricant onto the parts in contact with the rim. Mount the side ring, lower it and introduce the lock
ring progressively into the basic rim external groove. Inflate the tyre, introducing compressed air from a
piping with sufficient capacity. The edge of the side ring will strike against the tilted end position of the lock
ring. After the first partial inflation, make sure that the rings are concentric and firmly mounted, and then
continue until the prescribed operation pressure is reached.
7.5.1.5 - Demounting instructions
DEFLATE THE TYRE STILL MOUNTED ON THE VEHICLE COMPLETELY

(AFTER HAVING PLACED LIFTING JACKS FOR A SAFE BRAKING OF THE LIFTED VEHICLE).
If the wheels have already been demounted from the vehicle, before starting demounting, deflate the tyre completely.
Place the wheel horizontally, with the rings facing upwards. Place the wheel on suitable supports, so that
the next lever action encounters a rigid reaction on the wheel. Start removing a tyre heel from the rim, in-
serting two levers, between the conical side ring and the heel, then press downwards.
Use levers to continue alternatively and progressively, until the tyre is removed.
Avoid damaging the tyre or the rim components by using a soft material mallet only when absolutely neces-
sary. Insert the end of a lever in the lock ring and lower the side ring.
Use also the other lever, to remove the side ring. Let the lock ring out of the rim groove (using the first lever).
Using the two levers alternatively, continue until the lock ring is completely released.
Remove the side ring. Overturn the wheel and proceed as described above to remove the other heel from
the fixed flange edge.
For tyres that are particularly hard to remove or that have a large number of plies, we recommend using the
apposite hydraulic tool, which allows exerting considerable thrusts and whose hooked end is progressively
inserted between the rim and the heel.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.5.2 - TIGHTENING WHEEL NUTS
- ATTENTION:
Inspect wheel nut tightening each day.
- Completely tighten nuts in opposite positions, not consecutive positions.

- After having replaced the wheel, tighten the nuts between the wheel and axes.
Then check nut tightening each day until the coupling has not stabilised.
- For proper torque to be applied see the table attached to the manual.
- ATTENTION:
ALL NUTS ON ALL WHEELS MUST BE MOUNTED OR ELSE THE MACHINE CANNOT OPERATE.
- Whenever changing a machine wheel or whenever a side is to raised, the machine can only be set
back down on the ground with all wheels mounted and properly tightened.
- ATTENTION:
NUT TIGHTENING MUST BE CARRIED OUT FIRST WITH THE MACHINE, OR PART OF IT, RAISED
FROM THE GROUND AND THEN WITH THE MACHINE RESTING ON THE GROUND.
- Only use original BP s.r.l. nuts to tighten wheels.

In case of loss of even a single nut, contact BP s.r.l. service assistance.
7.5.3 - REPLACING WHEELS AND TYRES
Every time it is necessary to change a wheel, proceed as follows:
1) - Position the jack under the machine on the side where the wheel is to be changed.
2) - Loosen the nuts of the pins with the special wrench provided.
3) - With the jack, lift up to a height that allows easily removing and refitting the wheel.
4) - For safety, put a wooden plug close to the jack.
5) - Fully unscrew the nuts of the pins and change the wheel; before refitting the wheel check that it is at
the right pressure.
6) - Finally, tighten the nuts, taking care to tighten them two by two in a diametrically opposite position.
7) - Finally, remove the wooden plug, lower the jack and tighten the wheel nuts firmly and fully.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.6 - BRAKES
- ATTENTION:
All the repair or maintenance work on mechanical part~ must be done only by competent and
specialized personnel.
The braking system is composed of a hydraulic servo brake with a pedal control acting on the drum bra-
kes of the rear wheels and a hydraulic parking brake that, by means of the handbrake lever, acts on the
clamp of the disc brake on the transmission at the differential al intake (see table No. 3).
Because of the importance of the braking system it is wise to pay special attention to both che-
cking and servicing its parts; in particular, check the state of wear of the brake clamp pads at the
differential intake and finally the wear on the friction gaskets of the shoes in the rear brake Units.
- ATTENTION:
BRAKE SYSTEM diagrams are illustrated in the appendix found at the back of this manual.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
When we find the first signs of wear on the friction seals of the shoes, it is wise to adjust the shoes; this
is done so braking will always he efficient and the friction seals will wear completely.
To do this, proceed as follows:
1. After positioning wedges to lock the front wheels, lift the two rear wheels by means of a jack.
2. For safety, put a wooden plug under the chassis dose to the jack.
3. Loosen the screw fixing the adjustment block of the braking mass.
4. With a screwdriver, turn the cogged wheel of the adjustment block until the shoes touch against the
brake drum locking the wheels.
5. Operate the brake pedal several times to fill the brake cylinder with oil.
6. Lock the screw fixing the adjustment block of the braking mass (in the opposite direction to point 3).
7. Slowly turn the cogged wheel of the braking mass (in the opposite direction to point 4) just be a few
notches; in this way the wheel will free itself and the operator can realize this by turning the wheel by hand.
- We repeat that this adjustment is only used to correct the play acquired by the brake shoes, due to
the wear of the friction seals.
- It is normal practice to replace the cartridge of the filter of the braking system AFTER THE
FIRST 500 WORKING HOURS AND SUBSEQUENTLY EVERY 1000 HOURS.
- It is necessary to bear in mind that this specifi c braking system uses, within it, not an ordinary oil
fork braking systems, but the same oil as the machine's hydraulic system; consequently there is no
brake oil tank to check the level on.
- IMPORTANT: (For the model HT4EL - HT5EL - HT6EL - HT7EL)

In addition, it is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT to know that the oil of the hydraulic system is a MINERAL
OIL (and not vegetable like ordinary brake oils) and therefore, when you need to replace the brake unit
pins or even just the gaskets of these pins, it is necessary to request them suitable for mineral oil.
In any case, for more complete and safe maintenance of the entire brake system, it is advisable to refer
to qualified and specialized personnel.
For HT 3- 3.5 EL version instead, the oil for braking system is Type DOT3 and DOT 4 and the braking
pedal acts on the brakes pump by mechanical leverage and shove.
The Oil tray is located on the basement of the seat external side of the cabin.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.7 - LIFTING UNIT
- ATTENTION:
All the repair or maintenance work on mechanical parts must be done only by competent and
specialized personnel.
- The telescopic lifting unit is formed of special steel sections; the bearing outfeed rollers and the gui-
ding rollers for lifting the unit are fitted on highly resistant bearings that ensure a longer service life
and perfect alignment of the load at the various heights.
- Treated steel brackets are fitted on the bracket trolley by means of a hooking system that makes it
easy to adjust and replace the brackets.
- The unit coming out by means of two cylinders working in synchronism ensures perfect alignment
during this operation.
- The chains of the lifting unit are anchored on the fork-bearing trolley and on the lifting cylinder ram
by means of two screw stays used to adjust them.
- ATTENTION:
Both chains must always be tightened to the same extent to prevent the load weighing on only
one of them, altering the safety loads!
- ATTENTION:
In addition, when the fork trolley is positioned at the bottom of the unit, the chains must be tight-
ened and not slack; otherwise, pull them by means of the two adjustment screw stays, taking
care to tighten the register locking nuts properly.
- For greater safety it is important to always check the soundness of the chains and keep them clean
and greased.
- Also the bearing and driving rollers, turning on bearings, periodically require greasing (see table No. 4).

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.8 - LUBRICATION AND GREASING - mod. HT4EL - HT5EL
With reference to TABLE No. 4, the numbered symbols indicate:
TO LUBRIFICATE WITH GREASE EVERY 50 WORKING HOURS TO LUBRIFICATE WITH GREASE EVERY 100 WORKING HOURS
TABLE n°4 - LUBRIFICATION
Fig7.6 - Lubrification greasing - HT4EL - HT5EL

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.9 - FRONT STEERING AXLE
- By means of the power steering, which acts on the only single-ram cylinder with a double stem, the
driver is assured perfect driving with the minimum effort on the steering wheel.
- Two arms directly connect the steering cylinder to the two spindles of the wheel hub, limiting any
play on steering to a minimum.
- Both the front axle and the rear one, thanks to the connection with two hydraulic cylinders (that also
adjust the angle of the load platform and of the lifting unit), are articulated automatically following the
unevenness of the ground; this allows the wheels permanent contact on the ground with any surface.
- For correct greasing, at the various points requiring it, it is wise to refer to table No. 4.
- To grease the tapered bearings of the wheel hubs, it is sufficient to unscrew the hubs and, using a
spatula, fill the inside with grease, taking care to turn the wheels slowly so that grease gets perfectly
in between the bearings.
- ATTENTION:
All the repair or maintenance operations of mechanical parts must only be done by competent
and specialized personnel.
Fig.7.7 - Asse anteriore

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.10 - REAR BEARING AXLE (DIFFERENTIAL)
- The differential is enclosed by a cast steel cover of the bearing type.
- The transmission unit has a double reduction and the axle shafts, in special high tensile steel, tran-
smit the maximum torque to the rear wheels (rear drive).
- The first reduction of the unit is given by the “bevel gear pair” situated in the central portion of the
differential; here a plug is used to introduce oil that keeps it all lubricated.
- The second reduction (epicyclic reduction) stays at the end portion close to the wheels.
- Here, too, there is a plug to introduce lubricating oil
- IMPORTANT:
It is important to change the differential oil with the ones recommended in the appropriate table (see par. 9.3).
- ATTENTION:
All the repair or maintenance operations of mechanical parts must only be done by competent
and specialized personnel.
Fig.7.8 - Asse posteriore

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.11 - HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
7.11.1 - MECHANICAL LEVERS' HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
- ATTENTION:
All the repair or maintenance operations of mechanical parts
must only be done by competent and specialized personnel.
The diagram of the hydraulic system is synthesized in the end of the manual.
The main parts comprising it are:
1 - Power steering "DANFOSS" OSP C 160 LS
2 - Valve "OLSA 80" for power steering
3 - Distributor press. relief valve
4 - Pump body for steering system
5 - Electropump engine
6 - Hydraulic oil filter "DONALDSON" FLS 100/6
7 - Hydraulic distributor "SALAMI" VD8A/DDB/V1G
8 - Load lowering safety valve
9 - Piloted check valve 1/2" GAS
10 - 3/8" gas throttle valves for frame tilting
11 - 1/2" GAS carriage detachment shunting switch
12 - Single cylinder (double effect) steering jack
13 - Lifting cylinder (single acting)
14 - Frame tilting cylinders (double acting)
15 - Carriage out cylinders (double acting)
16 - Mobile bracket cylinder (double acting) (OPTIONAL)

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.11.2 - JOYSTICK HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
- ATTENTION:
All the repair or maintenance operations of mechanical parts must
only be done by competent and specialized personnel.
The diagram of the hydraulic system is synthesized in the end of the manual.
The main parts comprising it are:
1 - Power steering "DANFOSS" OSP C 160 LS
2 - Valve "OLSA 80" per servosterzo
3 - Distributor press. relief valve
4 - Pump body for steering system
5 - Electropump engine
6 - Hydraulic oil filter "DONALDSON" FLS 100/6
7 - Proprtional distributor
8 - Load lowering safety valve
9 - Piloted check valve 1/2" GAS
10 - 3/8" gas throttle valves for frame tilting
11 - carriage detachment shunting switch 1/2" GAS
12 - 12 - Single cylinder (double effect) steering jack
13 - Lifting cylinder (single acting)
14 - Frame tilting cylinders (double acting)
15 - Carriage out cylinders (double acting)
16 - Mobile bracket cylinder (double acting) (OPTIONAL)
On this model there is a electronic joystick fitted in an opening connected to the seat's armrest.
The signals from the joystick are processed from an apposite logic that controls the distributor's coils.
The cursor pilot pressure is achieved via a low pressure (roughly 25 bar) circuit derived from the main
hydraulic circuit.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.11.2 - HYDRAULIC TANK
- The hydraulic oil tank (Fig.7.10 Pos."1") is located on the left-hand side of the truck between the
driver’s cab and the engine bonnet.
- It is equipped at the top with an oil filler cap with an outlet (Fig.7.10 Pos."2") and, towards the cab,
with two transparent oil level plugs (Fig.7.10 Pos."3").
- IMPORTANT:
It is important to change the hydraulic oil with the types recommended in the appropriate table.
- The drainage plug is at the bottom of the tank.
- To check the oil level use the dipstick on the tank (Fig.7.10 Pos."3").
- ATTENTION:
To check the right oil level all the truck’s cylinders must be in the closed (withdrawn) position.
Fig.7.10 - Hydraulic tank

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.11.3 - CYLINDERS - VALVES - PIPES
- All the hydraulic cylinders have a chrome-plated stem to prevent them easily wearing and conse-
quently leaking oil from the seals.
- In the event of leakage, check the appropriate seals and replace them if necessary; when they have
not been replaced for a long time it is a good idea to replace the entire set.
- Some important valves control the action of the cylinders with greater safety.
- A choke valve applied at the bottom of the lifting cylinder ensures the load goes down slowly even if
the hydraulic pipes burst.
- A switch slows down the lifting unit entry speed towards the limit stop.
- Finally, two choke valves combined with a controlled check valve, located before the frame angling
cylinders, have the dual task of slowing down the tilting movement (by sending a lower amount
of oil) and not permitting oil blow-by, during a stop, that would change the tilt of the load platform.
- IMPORTANT:
It is wise to check that the flexible hoses of the hydraulic circuit are properly tightened and do not knock
against moving parts of the truck; they must be fitted so they have wide bends and do not twist.
- ATTENTION:
When replacing, fit quality pipes observing the weave used in the first loader outfit.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
7.11.4 - HYDRAULIC PUMP - FILTER
- The hydraulic pump is flanged directly onto the hydrostatic pump outlet.
- The pump normally needs no maintenance, however it is essential not to use it dry or with little oil since it
would get irreparably damaged.
- Considerable protection assurance for the pump and the other hydraulic members is provided by the filter
which, positioned on the circuit, collects any impurities.
- It is good practice to replace the hydraulic filter cartridge after the first 150 hours of work (see chart N.2 -
Pos.1) and subsequently every 1000 hours.
7.11.5 - HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR

(mechanical levers)
1. The distributor s mounted under the loading platform for models HT4-5 and 6-7 EL and under the base-
ment of the cabin for HT3-3,5EL model.
2. This element, via some control levers that are connected to it, (see Fig. 5.1), operates (with the key in-
serted) the electropump engine, that sends oil to the jacks that correspond to the chosen lever.
3. The control levers move the cylinders for “lifting-lowering”, “in-out”, “frame tilting” and “mobile fork “
(optional).
4. Whilst in "exit-entrance", "frame tilting" and "mobile fork" modes, the electropump engine sends oil with
a constant flow (as one cannot modify the current strength to the engine), in the "raise-lower" mode it is
possible, thanks to a potentiometer connected to the control lever, to increase the current strength as
much as one wishes and therefore the manoeuvre speed.
5. One can achieve a greater "raise-lower" mode speed by increasingly operating the relative control lever.
7.11.6 - HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR

(with proportional comand for Version with Joystick)
1. The distributor s mounted under the loading platform for models HT4-5 and 6-7 EL and under the
basement of the cabin for HT3-3,5EL model
2. The distributor is operated by the 24 Volts solenoid driven electrically directly from the panel at the
right hand side of the operator
3. The signals reaching the panel are sent by the electronic joystick located on the armset of the op-
erator seat,
4. A higher speed of each hydraulic function can be obtained by acting on the leverage.

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
7.11.6 - POWER STEERING - VALVLE "OLSA 80"
- The power steering has the task of aiding steering, reducing the operator’s effort on the steering wheel to a
minimum.
- The hydraulic pump, with the engine running, constantly sends oil to the power steering which is situated in
the cab under the steering sleeve.
- The power steering is directly flanged with a valve (Olsa 80) which in turn sends oil to the distributor's inlet
for the various hydraulic movements (this all happens both when one does not operate the steering and
when one does).
- When the power steering is constantly being supplied it is easy to understand that it is sufficient to turn the
steering wheel to send oil to the cylinder and steer the front wheels in the desired direction.
- To operate the electropump engine whilst steering it is best to examine two different situations separately:
1 - Steering whilst the forklift is stationary
2 - Steering whilst the forklift is moving
- In the first case, after having inserted the key, press on the brake pedal and then steer (a microswitch con-
nected to the brake pedal operates the electropump engine for roughly 20 seconds); when one is still sta-
tionary, it is not necessary to press the brake pedal if, whilst steering, one contemporaneously performs a
hydraulic movement (the control lever has already activated the electropump engine).
- In the second case, with the forklift moving, the forwards pedal activates contemporaneously both the elec-
tric engines and therefore one performs the steering simply by turning the steering wheel.
7.12 - PROTECTING THE TRUCK WHEN NOT IN USE
Before leaving the machine inactive for long periods of time, take the following precautions:
1) Clean the truck and put it in a room which is neither damp nor dusty.
2) Profusely lubricate the various areas that require it.
3) Grease abundantly and cover the truck with a sheet.
7.13 - PREPARING THE MACHINE AFTER PROLONGED PERIODS OF INACTIVITY

1) Check that the tires are properly inflated.
2) Fill the fuel tank.
3) Check the radiator coolant level.
4) Check the various oil levels.
5) Install a completely charged battery.
6) Remove the layer of grease from the staffs which are not covered by the cylinders.
7) Start the machine and check that all of the commands function properly.
8) Let the motor idle for a few minutes.
9) Check the efficiency of the braking system.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
8 - HANDLING AND TRANSPORT
8.1 - HANDLING
The machine may be fitted with 1 tow hook (optional) positioned at the rear of the machine, highlighted in
(Fig.8.1 Pos."1").
- IMPORTANT:
It is however necessary to know that if the truck has broken down it cannot be towed in normal condi-
tions because this would damage the hydrostatic transmission.
Having anyhow to tow the loader, for short distances, it can be done after disconnecting the hydrostatic
motor from the differential entry; to do this it is necessary to unscrew the four bolts assembling the two and to
pull the motor out until its keyed shaft is freed completely.
- ATTENTION:
This operation must be carried out by competent, specialised personnel.
- ATTENTION:
Once the motor has been disconnected, the operator must verify that it remains in a secure po-
sition and will not slide or fall during machine towing, otherwise the chassis could come loose.
- ATTENTION:
Before restarting the elevator, verify that the motor has been properly reassembled by means of
some reliability tests before use.
- ATTENTION:
Starting up the thrust engine is not possible. Any attempt to do so can cause damage to the hydro-
static transmission and is considered a hazardous operation for personnel safety.
Fig.8.1 - Handling

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
8.2 - TRANSPORT
- IMPORTANT:
Depending on the height of the transporting vehicle, the hydraulic unit and the cab can be removed.
- ATTENTION:
All assembly and removal of mechanical parts must be done by competent and specialized personnel.
- ATTENTION:
When the machine travels on roads subject to public thoroughfare, it is necessary to check it is
in compliance with the regulations of the highway code in force in the country where it is used.
- Before loading the machine on a means of transport, ensure that the means and its ramp are free of
oil, grease, ice or other slippery agents.
- Ensure that the vehicle and tow hook are blocked.
- Verify proper application of safety instructions relating to the transport platform before loading the
machine and check that the driver of the means of transport has been informed about the dimen-
sions and weight of the machine.
- Load or unload the machine on flat, level ground.
- Check overall machine dimensions for maximum and minimum permissible heights from the ground
and weight. Check ground contact pressure authorised for the platform with respect to the machine.
- Load the machine on the means of transport, taking care that the ramps have been positioned pro-
perly and safety with a maximum incline of 25%.
- Manoeuvre the machine onto the means of transport with care.
- Before proceeding with transport, verify that the machine has been anchored properly, that the par-
king brake has been engaged and the key removed from the dashboard.
- Position the wedges on the front and rear parts of the machine tyres.
Anchor the machine to the means of transport with chains or cables (Fig.8.2).
Fully tighten cables and chains.
- Tighten windows and lock the cab door closed.
- Respect all anchoring points (Fig.8.2).
- Always check for good conditions on anchors (cables, chains, wedges, etc.) and verify that the ca-
pacity of the means of transport is sufficient for the weight to be moved.
- ATTENTION:
Before transporting it, it is vital to verify that
the machine is anchored correctly and that
the parking brake handle is anchored.
- ATTENTION -
In order to safely transport
the machine, follow all of the steps
described above attentively.
Fig.8.2 - Transport

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
9 - TECHNICAL DATA AND PARTICULARS

9.1 - PARTICULARS e TECHNICAL DATA mod."HT3EL"

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12
9.2 - PARTICULARS e TECHNICAL DATA mod. "HT3,5EL"

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12

Ed. 002/12 Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL
9.7 - COMPARATIVE TABLE OF APPROVED OILS
PART TO BE
REINACH BP ESSO MOBIL IP AGIP SHELL
REPLACED
ENERGOL TERESSO DTE

CS 32 32 LIGHT
TANK up to HYDRUS
HYDRAULIC 20°C EHT 13 OSO 32 TELLUS 32
OIL 32
ENERGOL NUTO VACUOLINE
HLP 32 32 LIGHT
ENERGOL TERESSO DTE

CS 68 68 HEAVY M.
TANK over HYDRUS
HYDRAULIC 20°C
EHT 15 OSO 68 TELLUS 68
OIL 68
ENERGOL NUTO VACUOLINE
HLP 68 68 HEAVY M.
GEAR GEAR
DIFFERENTIAL
PART SAE 90 90 GEAR
MOBILUBE PONTIAC ROTRA MP SPIRAX
CENTRAL E GX
TERMINAL GEAR HD 80W/90 HD 80W/90 80W/90 MB
REDUCER HYPOGEAR 80W/90
HYPOID
80W/90 EP 80W/90
BRAKES
HT3-3,5EL OIL DOT3 E DOT4
- PROHIBITED -
ABSOLUTELY NOT USE OIL DOT5.
- VERY IMPORTANT -
For proper operation of each component

we recommend the use of lubricants in the table shown above.
If other lubricants are used those indicated in the table

the company BP s.r.l.
is not responsible for any inconvenience.

Mod. HT3-3,5-4-5-6-7 EL Ed. 002/12

U&M EN Rev.002-12 HT3÷7EL BP

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Ed. 002/12 Mod.

TEL. ++39 0521-60.42.00

ANY TOTAL OR PARTIAL REPRODUCTION OF

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EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE "MACHINE DIRECTIVE" 6

NOISE AND VIBRATIONS 7

1 - MARKING AND IDENTIFICATION 12

2 - OPERATING CONDITIONS AND LIMITS 18

3 - SAFETY MEASURES AND DEVICES 19

4 - PUTTING INTO OPERATION 22

5 - OPERATING IN SAFE CONDITIONS 27

6 - FAILURES, CAUSES AND RELATIVE REMEDIES 44

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8 - HANDLING AND TRANSPORT 75

9 - TECHNICAL DATA AND PARTICULARS 77

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PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR EDITING PURPOSES

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Improper, erroneous or unreasonable use of this machine or its accessories is not

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EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE "MACHINE DIRECTIVE"

1. La presente direttiva si applica ai seguenti prodotti:

The following definitions shall apply:

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NOISE AND VIBRATIONS

VALUE INDICATING MAXIMUM EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC PRESSURE LEVEL

Loader position Value detected in dB (A) Testing conditions

Levels measured in passing in the accelerating

Loader stopped 66 Level measured at 7 m from the motor side of the

VALUE INDICATING MAXIMUM DRIVING POSITION ACOUSTIC PRESSURE LEVEL

Loader position Value detected in dB (A) Testing conditions

In the operator’s cab

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Each symbol and its meaning is described below:

DANGER for personnel safety

IMPORTANT, but NOT dangerous for personnel safety

PROHIBITED or things which are dangerous for personnel

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1 - MARKING AND IDENTIFICATION

Fig.1.1 shows the locations on the machine of:

1) CAPACITY RATING PLATE

3) ADHESIVE PLATE OF THE APPROVED HYDRAULIC OILS

4) ADHESIVE SAFETY REGULATIONS STICKER TO BE KEPT

5) TYRE PRESSURE PLATE

Fig.1.1 - Marking and identification

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1.1 - MARKING PLATE

1.2 - CAPACITY RATING PLATE

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1.3 - WARNING PANELS

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1.4 - MACHINE DESCRIPTION

Available version with increate battery capacity.

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2 - OPERATING CONDITIONS AND LIMITS

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3 - SAFETY MEASURES AND DEVICES