Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
MATERIAL COMPLEMENTAR IV
- Quando usamos como referente contextual os SUBJECT PRONOUNS (I, YOU, HE,
SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY)
Ex: Shangai is one of the most attractive location in China. It is a very modern city and its
people are very busy.
IT é o referente contextual para Shangai.
- Quando usamos como referente contextual os OBJECT PRONOUNS (ME, YOU, HIM,
HER, IT, US, YOU, THEM.). O Material Complementar III contem informações sobre os
usos e estruturas dos object pronouns nas frases.
- Quando usamos como referentes contextuais os pronomes ONE, ONES, THE OTHER
ONE, THE OTHER ONES.
Ex: Lucas has two preferred T-shirts. One is green and the other one is red.
ONE é o referente contextual para uma das camisas, e THE OTHER ONE é o
referente contextual para a outra camisa.
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- Matheus has some good friends. One is Richard, and the other ones are Kleber,
Raymond and Philip.
ONE é o referente contextual para um dos amigos, e THE OTHER ONES é o referente
contextual para os outros 3 amigos.
- There are two books on the table with beautiful photos. One is about Portugal, and the
other one is about England.
ONE é o referente contextual para um dos livros que estão sobre a mesa, e THE
OTHER ONE é o referente contextual para o outro livro com fotos.
Ex: People are afraid of the violence and insecurity in our city. This situation must stop.
THIS SITUATION (esta situação) é o referente contextual para “... afraid of the
violence and insecurity in our city.” (o fato do povo estar com medo da violencia e
insegurança em nossa cidade)
There are a lot of automobiles in Teresina. This fact causes air pollution.
- THIS FACT (este fato) é o referente contextual para “There are a lot of automobiles in
Teresina.” (para o fato de existirem muitos automóveis em Teresina)
Potycabana was projected by a famous architect. That park is one of the most beautiful in
Teresina.
Ex: There are many trees and gardens in Teresina. The Green City is beautiful with receptive
and lovely people.
THE GREEEN CITY (A Cidade Verde) é o referente contextual para TERESINA.
Ex: Rio de Janeiro has monumental and vital importance in Brazilian tourism. The Marvelous
City is visited by people from all over the world.
THE MARVELOUS CITY (A Cidade Maravilhosa) é o referente contextual para Rio De
Janeiro.
Ex: Michael Jackson was born in Gary, in the USA, on August 29, 1958. The King of Pop
Music was a singer, a composer, and a dancer.
THE KING OF POP MUSIC (O Rei da Música Pop) é o referente contextual para MICHAEL
JACKSON.
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- Quando usamos como referentes contextuais ADVERBIOS DE LUGAR, como HERE
(aqui), THERE (lá) …
Ex: Joan lived in Lisbon in 2008. She was very happy there.
THERE é o referente contextual para LISBON.
- I am in Rio visiting some friends now. Here is always a wonderful place to relax and have fun.
HERE é o referente contextual para a cidade onde eu estou – Rio de Janeiro.
Ex: A Radiologist is a doctor who specializes in interpreting X-ray images and other diagnostic
methods. (Um radiologista é um médico que se especializa na interpretação de imagens de raio X e outros
métodos diagnósticos)
WHO é o referente contextual para A Radiologist.
Ex: Herbert José de Sousa (Betinho), a Brazilian sociologist who died from complications of
AIDS.
WHO é o referente contextual para Herbert José de Sousa (Betinho)
Ex: That is the girl who studies at UESPI.
ADIÇÃO / ADDITION
And - e
Futhermore,In addition, Moreover, Besides, - além disso,
in addition to.../ as well as… - além de…
Also; too/as well -também
both…and -tanto…quanto
not only…but also - não apenas…mas também
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Ex:
I like classical and pop music.
Peter is eating pizza. Besides, he is going to eat a piece of chocolate cake.
Peter is a photographer and also writes books.
Michael Jackson is not only a singer but also a dancer.
Both Peter and Mark are good students.
CONTRASTE / CONTRAST
but - mas
However, - Entretanto, /Porém,
Nevertheless, Despite / In spite of … - apesar disso/apesar de
… instead of… - ao invés de/ em vez de
On the other hand, - Por outro lado
In contrast (to/with),Unlike...,Differently from… - ao contrário de…
Exemplos:
CAUSA/CONSEQUÊNCIA
so - por isso/assim
Therefore, /Thus, Because of this/that, For this/that reason, Consequently, /As a result, - Portanto
because - porque/ por causa de
Exemplos:
I am hungry, so I am going to eat a sandwich.
Martha is going to have and English evaluation on Friday. For this reason, she needs to study a lot.
Exemplos:
First of all, when learning a new language, it is important to study every day.
We are going to Paris and afterward, we are going to Madrid and London.
The European Union was formerly called the European Community.
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Peter nowadays is living in São Paulo.
My students have to study before they answer their English practices.
Joseph is going to Sao Paulo after Carnival in Rio.
I used to play volleyball when I was 14 years old.
EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO
for example, /for instance, /e.g. / i.e. - por exemplo such as - tal/tais como
Ex: They like some kinds of music, for instance classical, pop and rock’n’roll.
I love some Brazilian writers, such as Jorge Amado, Drummond, Torquato Neto and Mário de
Andrade.
CONCLUSÃO
In short, / In conclusion, /In summary, Finally, /To sum up, - Finalmente, Em resumo
Ex:
In conclusion, all we need is love and respect.
To sum up, we need to pay more attention to details. In short, for a good life, I have to stop
smoking.
In summary, most of our politicians are irresponsible and incompetent.
ÊNFASE
COMPARAÇÃO
In the same way, / Similarly, / Correspondingly, - Da mesma forma
as …. as – tanto quanto / not so ….. as – não tanto ….. quanto
REFERÊNCIAS
SOUZA, Adriana Grade Fiori ... [et al.] Leitura em língua inglesa: uma abordagem instrumental.
São Paulo: Disal, 2005. p.69 a 72.